ProVocal Rev. c manual
Contents
1. Mic and Pre amp Modeling with light compression and de essing Vintage mic model Vintage nbbon mic model with plate reverb Mic and Pre amp modeling Modulation delay and reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a tube condenser mic pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a nbbon pre amp modeling Condenser modeled as a tube condenser mic pre amp modeling Condenser modeled as a ribbon mic pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a tube condenser micr pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a nbbon pre amp modeling Condenser modeled as a tube condenser micr pre amp modeling Condenser modeled as a ribbon micr pre amp modeling Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic modeled as a condenser Chorus Delay Reverb Dynamic as vintage telephone mic Dynamic as a small megaphone Dynamic as a harmonica mic into a tube pre amp Special effects Tube pre amp effects Vintage radio announcer sound PA horn effect into a large a2. 1kHz and 48kHz sample rates Once your selection has been made press and hold the lt Program Up gt button to exit the Utility menu Factory Reset In the event that a factory reset is required please use the following procedure e Press and hold the lt Store gt button while powering up the unit until Fr appears in the dis play Press the lt Program Up gt to reset the unit or wait to abort the procedure When the reset is taking place the display will read r d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 11 2 4 Factory Program List DOR oN Fr Dry Studio Vocal Live in a Hall Special Effect Telephone Wood Room Club Land Compressed and De essed Studio Voc Newsreel recording 40 s Vocal Tube Mic Stage Rock Male Studio 1 Male Studio 2 Male Studio 3 Male Studio 4 Male Studio 5 Male Live 1 Male Live 2 Male Live 3 Male Live 4 Male Live 5 Female Studio 1 Female Studio 2 Female Studio 3 Female Studio 4 Female Studio 5 Female Live 1 Female Live 2 Female Live 3 Female Live 4 Female Live 5 Telephone Megaphone Harmonica Overdrive Alien Vocal Grunge Vocal Radio Announcer Arena Announcer Spooky Tube Screaming Concrete Cavern Mic and Pre amp Modeling Mic and Pre amp Modeling Hall Reverb Mic and Pre amp Modeling modulation effects Mic and Pre amp Modeling Wood Room Reverb Mic and Pre amp Modeling Club Reverb
3. 692 76Hz 13 728 23Hz 14 765 51Hz 15 804 70Hz 16 845 90Hz 17 889 20Hz 18 934 73Hz 19 982 58Hz 20 1032 89kHz 21 1085 77kHz 22 1141 35kHz 23 1199 79kHz 24 1261 21kHz 25 1325 78kHz 26 1393 66kHz 27 1465 01kHz 28 1540 01kHz 29 1618 85kHz 30 1701 73kHz 31 1788 85kHz 32 1880 44kHz 33 1976 71kHz 34 2077 91kHz 35 2184 29kHz 36 2296 12kHz 37 2413 67kHz 38 2537 24kHz 39 2667 14kHz 40 2803 69kHz 41 2947 23kHz 42 3098 11kHz 43 3256 72kHz 44 3423 46kHz 45 3598 72kHz 46 3782 97kHz 47 3976 64kHz 48 4180 23kHz 49 4394 24kHz 50 4619 21kHz 51 4855 70kHz 52 5104 29kHz 53 5365 61kHz 54 5640 31kHz 55 5929 08kHz 56 6232 62kHz 57 6551 71kHz 58 6887 13kHz 59 7239 73kHz 60 7610 38kHz 61 8000kHz EQ Mid Q Oto 10 25 16 This parameter is used to select the mid Q curve of the EQ Selections are from 0 to 10 giv ing Qs of 25 5 75 1 0 1 25 2 0 4 0 8 0 and 16 0 EQ Mid Gain 12 to 12 This parameter controls the Mid gain output of the EQ section and ranges from 12 to 12dBu EQ High Gain 12 to 12 12dB O I2kHz This parameter controls the High gain output of the EQ section and ranges from 12 to 12dBu Compressor Threshold 1 to 60 Adjust this knob to set the threshold of compression from 40dBu 7 8mVrms to 20dBu Setting the Compressor THRESHOLD at its highest level will prevent all but the highest level peaks from being compressed Setting the C
4. HEAT ONLY USE ATTACHM ENTS ACCESSORIES SPECIFIED BY THE MANUFACTURER UNPLUG THIS APPARATUS DURING LIGHTNING STORMS OR WHEN UNUSED FOR LONG PERI ODS OF TIME Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding type plug A polarized plug has two blades with one wider than the other A grounding type plug has two blades and a third grounding prong The wide blade or third prong are provided for your safety If the provided plug does not fit your outlet consult an electrician for replacement of the obsolete outlet Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs conve nience receptacles and the point where they exit from the apparatus Use only with the cart stand tripod bracket or table specified by the manufacture or sold with the apparatus When a cart is used use caution when moving the car t appar atus combination to avoid injury from tip over o Refer all servicing to to qualified service personnel Servicing is required when the appa ratus has been damaged in any way such as power supply cord or plug is damaged liq uid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus the apparatus has been exposed to rain or moisture does not operate nor mally or has been dropped POWER ON OFF SWITCH The Power switch used in this piece of equipment DOES NOT br eak the connection from the mains ALL POLE M AINS SWITCH An all pole mains switch with a contact separation of at l
5. ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS dbx PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS M A Harman International Company 760 South Sandy Pkwy Sandy Utah 84070 Phone 801 568 7660 Fax 801 568 7662 Questions or comments E email us at customer dbxpro com or visit our World W ide Web home page at www dbxpro com 18 0448 C
6. being careful to keep the GAIN control in the minimum 30dB position 2 Connect the ProVocal s Line outputs directly to the audio inputs of your recorder 3 Enable the record function of the specific track of the recorder and open the specific tape track retum in the console which corresponds to the track to which the ProVocal is connected As you increase the setting of the GAIN control you should begin to hear the input of the ProVocal running through the recorder and retuming to your console as a tape retum Connections e Connect the source to the desired 1 4 TRS or XLR input e Connect the S PDIF output of the ProVocal and run into the S PDIF input interface of the DAW CPU d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 15 3 5 A D Conversion S PDIF Connections e Connect the source to the desired 1 4 TRS or XLR input e Connect the S PDIF output of the ProVocal and run into the S PDIF input interface of the DAW CPU 3 6 Analog and Digital O utput Application MONITOR SOURCE Pl Wig Susy This application allows you to send a digital signal to a receiving device such as a DAW or digi tal recorder and route the analog signal to a monitoring device such as a mixer or headphone amplifier simultaneously Connections e Connect the source to the desired 1 4 TRS or XLR input e Connect the S PDIF output of the ProVocal and run into the S PDIF input interface of the DA
7. its wide dynamic range and more completely capture the essence of the musical perfor mance Enter the dbx Type IV Conversion System Like its related predecessor technologies Type I Type II and Type III dbx Type IV succeeds in preserving the wide dynamic range of the original analog signal within a limit ed dynamic range medium Whereas Type I and Type II expand the dynamic range of analog tape and other limit ed dynamic range media and the simultaneous encode decode process of Type III similarly expands the limited dynamic range through minimum delay devices Type IV breaks new ground by greatly enhancing the useable dynam ic range of the analog to digital conversion process The dbx Type IV Conversion System combines proprietary analog and digital processing techniques to cap ture a much wider dynamic range than the A D converter could by itself preserving the maximum amount of informa tion from the analog signal This information is then encoded within the available bits of whichever A D converter is used This means that Type IV improves the performance of any A D converter from low cost 16 bit to high perfor mance 24 bit And no decoding is necessary beyond the conversion process As we have previously mentioned digital systems have a wide linear region compared to analog tape and the dynamic range of A D converters has improved significantly in recent years The dbx Type IV Conversion System takes adva
8. of 16 bit digital This explains why well recorded analog master tapes make good sounding CD s with no objectionable noise One main drawback of digital is that it inherently lacks this forgiving and beneficial characteristic of analog recording Although digital conversion exhibits wide linear dynamic range when you run out of headroom for high level signals hard clipping or even ugly signal wrap around occurs not to mention that A D converters have their own nasty side effects such as going unstable when their modulator is overdriven with high level signals This shortcoming of digital conversion has drastically affected the way users operate their equipment Users are d lo X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 19 paranoid of overdriving the converter input and end up recording at lower levels to ensure that there is ample head room to allow for the large peaks that would ruin an otherwise perfect recording This of course compromises signal to noise performance since the signal is now closer to the noise floor Because users of digital equipment have to be extremely careful not to exceed OdB FS full scale they must use peak reading headroom meters On the other hand the forgiving nature of analog tape allows users of analog recording equipment the luxury of only needing to monitor the average level using VU meters often having no peak indicators whatsoever If only digital were more forgiving like analog we could really exploit
9. to insert the microphone signal direct ly into the preamp Use the LINE switch to make Microphone input or the rear panel line input active Line Select Switch This switch when lit selects the rear line input or front panel instrument input when con nected as the source signal of the ProVocal Line Input This unbalanced high impedance input connection is used to insert an instrument signal direct ly into the preamp Use the LINE switch to select between the instrument input or the rear panel line input Plugging into the instrument jack will override the rear panel 1 4 input jack line input must be selected 48 Volt Switch This switch activates phantom power for condenser microphones on pins 2 and 3 of the XLR mic input You should connect your microphone before turning on the phantom power to pre vent damage to your microphone Be sure to always lower levels prior to using the the 448 Volt Switch 20dB Pad Switch This switch attenuates the microphone input signal by 20dB Note The 48 Volt and 20dB Pad functions are only available when the microphone input is in use Gain Control This control sets the amount of input gain The range of gain available is 30 to 460dB for the microphone input and 15dB to 415dB for the line and instrument inputs Analog Signal LEDs These LEDS are used to indicate input signal Green Peak Yellow signal and Clip Red respectively the peak LED will light 3dB prior to analog inpu
10. 1 This parameter is used to set the amount of Delay effect that is mixed with the dry signal When set to all wet no dry signal will be heard In a typical multi track recording situation the main vocal signal is recorded dry on to one track This track will then be re recorded on to a second track will the delay set to all wet During mix down the engineer can control the blend of both tracks in real time Delay Reverb ReverbType Off St rO CL PL HA AP CH gA Ar and SP This parameter is used to select the reverb type module Types include SE Studio PL Plate EH C hurch uf Spring ro Wood Room HAH all Sr Parking Garage LL C lub HF A mphitheater Fir Arena Delay Reverb Mix Decay 0 99 1 The Mix 1 parameter is used to set the amount of Reverb effect that is mixed into the dry signal The Decay 2 parameter is used to select the length of the reverb decay 2 2 Basic Operation The following information is provided to get you up and running with basic editing informa tion that will help you get the most out of your ProVocal Making Connections Tum off all equipment before making any connections Install the ProVocal in your rack with the provided rack screws It is essential that when the ProVocal is being mounted in a rack mounting enclosure the unit should be positioned with enough room at least 1U of space above the unit and 1U of space below the unit to allow proper ventilation The ProVocal sho
11. ASE control sets how fast the gate opens once the input signal rises above the threshold The release rate is from 01 seconds fully counter clockwise to 3 seconds fully clockwise Chorus Flanger Type CH or FL This parameter is used to select either the Chorus or Flanger effect Chorus Flanger Speed 0 99 This parameter is used to set the speed of the Chorus or Flanger effect Chorus Flanger Depth 0 99 This parameter is used to set the depth of the Chorus or Flanger effect Chorus Flanger Mix 1 94 This parameter is used to set the amount of Chorus Flanger effect that is mixed with the dry signal 8 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Chorus Flanger CC 1 10 This parameter is used to select the desired parameter to control with MIDI Settings are as fol lows 1 Modeling Microphone 2 Microphone Preamp Gain 3 Compressor Gain 4 Chorus Flanger Speed 5 Chorus Flanger Depth 6 Chorus Flanger Mix 7 Delay Time 8 Delay Feedback 9 Delay Input Level and 10 Reverb Mix Decay Delay Reverb Delay time 0 91 0 1380ms This parameter is used to set the delay time of the Delay effect Delay times range from 0 1380ms and are measured in 15ms increments Delay Reverb Delay Feedback 0 95 This parameter is used to set the amount feedback in the Delay effect The delay feedback is measured in percentages 0 95 and changes are made in 1 increments Delay Reverb Delay Mix 0 99
12. Vocal press the Program Up and Program Down gt buttons simultaneously To take the unit out of bypass mode press either the Program Up gt Program Down gt or lt Effect gt but ton 2 3 Utility functions and Factory Reset Utility Functions The ProVocal provides a Utility section which will give the user access to operation functions including Sample Rate Selection MIDI CC Selection and MIDI Channel Selection The follow ing information tells you how to access and edit these features This section also includes the procedure for resetting the unit to its original factory settings e Change CC N umber Turn the power button on while holding Program UP gt button The display will read Lib Now press the lt Effect gt button and use Mic Type lt Parameter gt knob to change the CC number Once your selection has been made press the lt Program Up gt button to exit the Utility menu MIDI Channel Selection Turn the power button on while holding Program UP gt button The display will read Lit Now press the lt Store gt button and the display will read LH use Mic Type lt Parameter gt knob to change the MIDI channel Selections are from 1 16 and o omni Once your selection has been made press the lt Program UP gt button to exit the Utility menu Sample Rate Select Turn the power button on while holding lt Program UP gt button The display will read Ut Now press the lt Program Down gt button to toggle between 44
13. W CPU e Connect the 1 4 TRS or XLR output of the ProVocal and run into the 1 4 TRS or XLR input of the monitoring device 16 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS APPENDIX PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Block Diagram ProVocal Gain Block Diagram Mic 15 dB 15 dB Line Input 430dB 60 dB Mic ms XLR 8dB TO Type IV comen a pre 20 dB Pad nyu a 23 5 dB Attenuator 0 dB Line Input 1 4 0 dB 24 0 dB Instrument nl LEFT a 1 4 amp XLR FROM CODEC DSP MW RIGHT OUT 1 4 amp XLR 10 4 dB 0 dB 18 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Type IV White Paper dbx Type IV Conversion System W hite Paper bv Roger Johnson The dbx Type IV Conversion System is a proprietary analog to digital A D conversion process that combines the best attributes of digital conversion and analog recording processes to preserve the essence of the analog signal when it is converted to a digital format dbx Type IV not only exploits the wide linear dynamic range of today s A D con verters but also enhances it and extends the useable dynamic range beyond the linear range By providing a logarith mic Type IV Over Region above the linear A D range we benefit from the extended high level headroom that is inherent in analog recording without compromising the noise performance of the A D conversion process Digital conve
14. an suosittelemaan tyyppin H avita kaytetty paristo valmistajan ohjeiden mukaisesti VARNING Explosionsfara vid felaktigt batteribyte Anvand samma batteri typ eller en ekvivalent typ som rekommenderas av apparattil Iverkaren Kassera anvant batteri enligt fabrikantens instruk tion ELECTROM AGNETIC COM PATIBILITY This unit conforms to the Product Specifications noted on the Declaration of Conformity Operation is subject to the follow ing two conditions v this device may not cause harmful interference and v this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired Oper ation Operation of this unit within significant electromagnetic fields Should be avoided v use only shielded inter connecting cables U K MAINS PLUG WARNING A molded mains plug that has been cut off from the cord is unsafe Discard the mains plug at a suitable disposal facility NEVER UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU INSERT A DAM AGED OR CUT MAINS PLUG INTO A 13 AMP POWER SOCKET Do not use the mains plug without the fuse cover in place Replacement fuse covers can be obtained from your local retailer Replacement fuses are 13 amps and MUST be ASTA approved to BS1362 DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY Manufacturer s Name Manufacturer s Address dbx Professional Products 8760 S Sandy Parkway Sandy Utah 84070 USA declares that the product Product name dbx ProVocal Note Product name may be suffixed by the
15. chnique 23 gt 03 1610 673 ti Oi neon enn eee A 24 INTRODUCTION dbx PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Congratulations on your purchase of the dbx ProVocal Digital Vocal Processor with digital out put capabilities For over 30 years dbx has been the industry leader in dynamics processing With the introduction of the ProVocal dbx offers unmatched versatility for the project studio enthusiast at an unparalleled value The ProVocal features a superb microphone preamp cou pled with state of the art microphone and mic pre amp modeling for a wide variety of sonic characteristics The ProVocal also offers classic dbx dynamic processing with gating com pression de esser and limiter plus chorus flanger delay and reverb effects Other features include a 24 bit S PDIF output with selectable 44 1 or 48kHz sample rate and MIDI control This manual will be your guide to understanding the full functionality of the powerful ProVocal After you have become familiar with the unit we encourage you to experiment and find creative ways that the ProVocal can help you optimize your specific application 0 1 Defining the ProVocal The dbx ProVocal Digital Vocal Processor provides the user with crystal clear digital effects processing as well as giving you pristine digital output capabilities Listed below are some of the features available to you in the ProVocal e Digital Microphone Modeling e Digital Preamp
16. dbx PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS IMPORTANT SAFETV INSTRUCTIONS CAUTION RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK ATTENTION risque DE CHOC ELECTRIQUE NE PAS OUVRIR WARNING to REDUCE THE RISK OF FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT EXPOSE THIS EQUIPMENT TO RAIN OR MOISTURE The symbols shown above are internationally accepted symbols that warn of potential hazards with electrical products The lightning flash with arrow point in an equilateral triangle means that there are danger ous voltages present within the unit The exclamation point in an equilateral triangle indi cates that it is necessary for the user to refer to the owner s manual These symbols warn that there are no user serviceable parts inside the unit Do not open the unit Do not attempt to service the unit yourself Refer all servicing to qualified personnel Opening the chassis for any reason will void the manufacturer s warranty Do not get the unit wet If liquid is Spilled on the unit shut it off immediately and take it to a dealer for service Disconnect the unit dur ing storms to prevent damage SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS NOTICE FOR CUSTOM ERS IF YOUR UNIT IS EQUIPPED WITH A POWER CORD WARNING THIS APPLIANCE M UST BE EARTHED The cores in the mains lead are coloured in accordance with the following code GREEN and YELLOW Earth BLUE Neutral BROWN Live As colours of the cores in the mains lead of this appliance may not correspond with the coloured mar kings identifying the terminals in y
17. east 3mm in each pole shall be incorporated in the electrical installation of the rack or build ing FOR UNITS EQUIPPED WITH EXTERNALLY ACCESSIBLE FUSE RECEPTACLE Replace fuse with same type and rating only M ULTIPLE INPUT VOLTAGE This equipment may require the use of a different line cord attachment plug or both depending on the available power source at installation Connect this equipment only to the power source indicated on the equipment rear panel To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock refer servicing to qualified service personnel or equiv alent This Equipment is intended for rack mount use only IMPORTANT SAFETV INSTRUCTIONS LITHIUM BAT TERY WARNING CAUTION This product may contain a lithium battery There is danger of explosion if the battery is incorrectly replaced Replace only with an Eveready CR 2032 or equivalent Make sure the bat tery is installed with the correct polarity Discard used batter les according to manufacturer s instructions ADVARSEL Lithiumbatteri Eksplosjonsfare Ved utskifting benvttes kun batteri som anbefalt av apparatfabrikanten Brukt batteri returneres apparatleverandgren ADVARSEL Lithiumbatteri Eksplosionsfare ved fejlagtig handtering U dskiftning ma kun ske med batteri av samme fabrikat og type Lever det brugte batteri tilbage til leverand ren VAROITUS Paristo voi rajahtaa jos se on virheellisesti asennettu Vaihda paristo ainoastaan laitevalmistaj
18. ents upon this product without incurring any obligation to install the same additions or improve ments on products previously manufactured 5 The foregoing is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied and dbx neither assumes nor authorizes any person to assume on its behalf any obligation or liability in con nection with the sale of this product In no event shall dbx or its dealers be liable for spe cial or consequential damages or from any delay in the performance of this warranty due to causes beyond their control d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual li 0 4 Installation Recommendations FOR RACK MOUNT USE ONLY Install the ProVocal in your rack with the provided rack screws When installed in a rack the unit should be positioned with enough room at least 1U above and 1U below the unit to allow proper ventilation The ProVocal should not be mounted above or below anything that generates excessive heat Ambient temperatures should not exceed 113 F 45 C when equipment is in use Although the unit is shielded against radio frequency and electromagnetic interference extremely high fields of RF and EMI should be avoided where possible iii ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Getting Started dbx PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS 1 1 Rear Panel Connections IEC Power Cord Receptacle This is the power cord receptacle of the ProVocal An IEC cord is included with the shipped p
19. er to the ProVocal Connect the AC power cord to the AC power receptacle on the back of the unit Route the AC power cord to a convenient power outlet away from audio lines The unit may be turned on and off from the front panel power switch or from a master equip ment power switch 3 2 Connection to a Mixing Console 1 Connect your mic cable to the Mic input of the ProVocal NOTE If you are using a mic with a separate power supply such as a tube microphone make sure that you are not sending two sources of 48V phantom power to the mic Use the 48V from the mic s power supply Use the 48V Phantom Power switch on the ProVocal for all other microphones which require phantom power 2 Set the front panel of the ProVocal to the desired settings including Phantom Power 20dB pad etc Connect the line output of the ProVocal to the console s LINE INPUT and ensure that the console s input selection switch is set to LINE and the console s gain control is set appropri ately low 3 Turn the ProVocal s GAIN control to the minimum position and apply power to the ProVocal Make sure your console s gain fader is at the nominal level and begin to slowly increase the gain of the ProVocal using the GAIN control You should increase the gain until the mix ing recording device is operating at nominal signal input level 14 ProVocal User Manual al b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS 11 DPF uty 1 Make microphone connections
20. high frequency detail of the signal in the overload region Figs 3a through 3d illustrate what happens when you over load an A D converter without Type IV Fig 3a shows an input signal having both low frequency and high frequen cy components When the signal overloads or clips Fig 3b at the A D converter a disproportionate amount of high frequency signal information is lost compared with the low frequency information The low and high frequency com ponents of the signal are separated in Fig 3c to illustrate this more clearly As you can see the low frequency signal simply gets distorted but maintains most of its signal characteristics while sections of the high frequency signal are com pletely lost With dbx Type IV its mapping preserves high frequency signal information as illustrated in Fig 3d since the signal is confined within the Type IV Over Region and never clips The dashed line indicates the original input signal level Below the Over Region no mapping occurs while above this mapping keeps all peaks of the signal below the A D clip level thus preserving the high frequency content of the signal d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 21 22 Amplitude Time Figure 3a Signal Having Low and High Frequency Content Amplitude A D Clip Level Time A D Clip Level Figure 3b Signal of Fig 3a Going Beyond the A D Clip Level Amplitude High Frequency Information Completely Lost High Frequency Co
21. ion of the original wide dynamic range signal You will absolutely agree that we really do give you something for nothing We give you peace of mind knowing that you never have to worry about clipping your A D again And when you listen to the noise floor of your A D you ll realize that we never compromise your noise performance with Type IV The dbx Type IV Conversion System succeeds in combining the best of the analog and digital worlds to cap ture the truest essence and fullest dynamic range of audio signals Who else but dbx would bring you this technology Microphone Modeling Technique All microphones were measured in a semi anechoic environment using an Audio Precision System Two Cascade Plus The microphones were measured at several different SPL levels and calibrated to a reference Earthworks M30 measurement microphone Using proprietary algorithms dbx engineering built models of the characteristics of all the mics found in the ProVocal They then generated models of several popular dynamic microphones and built a model based on the typical response of these types of mics A composite model can then be built which removes the Characteristics of a typical dynamic mic and adds the characteristics of the desired microphone sound Similarly many popular condenser microphones were characterized to form a typical dynamic vocal microphone model Again a com posite microphone model is formed to remove the characteristics of a t
22. l bandwagon were either never aware of or simply took for granted Anyone who has ever used analog tape knows that you can hit it hard without destroying the recording The printed specifications of analog tape don t take into account the practical headroom available The max signal to noise specification of analog tape is measured by defining the max signal as the point where a given signal level and fre quency produces a given percent Total Harmonic Distortion THD typically the level at which a 1 kHz signal produces 3 THD In actual use the signal can easily exceed this max signal level by 5 10 or even 15dB on peaks depending on the type of signal being recorded without unacceptable artifacts High signal levels can be tolerated i e more head room at the expense of increased THD which incidentally is often desirable as an effect evidenced by the renewed popularity of tube equipment The obvious conclusion is that analog recording actually has more useable dynamic range than the specifica tions seem to indicate For example let s say we re recording a kick drum If analog tape measures 55dB from the 3 THD point down to the RMS noise floor and the peaks of the kick drum exceed the 3 THD level by say 15dB and it still sounds good then we have 15dB of extra useable headroom Therefore we end up with 70dB of useable dynam ic range Throw in noise reduction and we push into the 90 something dB dynamic range territory
23. letters EU Product option none conforms to the following Product Specifications Safety IEC 60065 1998 EMC EN 55013 1990 EN 55020 1991 Supplementary Information The product herewith complies with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 72 23 EEC and the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC as amended by Directive 93 68 EEC dbx Professional Products President of The Harman Music Group 8760 S Sandy Parkway Sandy Utah 84070 USA September 25 2001 European Contact Your local dbx Sales and Service Office or Harman Music Group 8760 South Sandy Parkway Sandy Utah 84070 USA Ph 801 566 8800 Fax 801 568 7583 Introduction 0 1 Defining the ProVocal oooooocnnnnonnnnnono i 0 2 Service Contact Info ee li l ke A li 0 4 Installation Recommendations lii Section 1 Getting Started 1 1 Rear Panel Connections 2 1 2 Front Panel COMMCCHONS vessccsssstensscrsessosneastenser 9 Section 2 Detailed Parameters Basic Operation and Utility Functions 2 1 Detailed Parameter 6 2 2 Basic Operation ss seeeeeennnnnznnnnznzennenznnnna 9 Zo AL FUNC GOS atrio 11 ZA LI l rata 12 Table of Contents dbx mars PRODUCTS Section 3 Application Guide Basic Connections nn 14 Connections to a Mixing Console 14 Applications 252 10 0 Osetia 15 Appendix Block Diagram renta ea e 18 dbx Type IV Conversion System 19 Microphone Modeling Te
24. lifier Modeling e 3 Band Parametric EQ e Classic dbx Compression e De Esser Gate e Chorus Flanger Delay and Reverb Effects e MIDI Control e 24 bit S PDIF Digital Output e 44 1 or 48 kHz Operation e Selecta ble Mic Line Switch e 20 dB pad 48 Volt Phantom Power e Front Panel XLR Instrument Input e Balanced 1 4 or XLR Outputs ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS 0 2 Service Contact Info If you require technical support contact dbx Customer Service Be prepared to accurately describe the problem Know the serial number of your unit this is printed on a sticker attached to the rear panel If you have not already taken the time to fill out your warranty registration card and send it in please do so now Before you return a product to the factory for service we recommend you refer to the manu al Make sure you have correctly followed installation steps and operation procedures If you are still unable to solve a problem contact our Customer Service Department at 801 568 7660 for consultation If you need to retum a product to the factory for service you MUST contact Customer Service to obtain a Return Authorization Number No returned products will be accepted at the factory without a Return Authorization Number Please refer to the warranty below which extends to the first end user After expiration of the warranty a reasonable charge will be made for parts labor and packing if you choose to u
25. meters This Section has been created to offer an overview and explanation of the effects available in the ProVocal as well as a basic tutorial guide for operation of the unit Modeling Mic Type ir and ci l 44 andi l 14 This parameter offers the selection of several different microphone models including Setting Microphone LED Display Description 1 None Flat LIF Off Models w Dynamic Mic as input 2 Oktava di Small Diaphragm Condenser Pencil Mic 3 Audio Technica AT4033 dr Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic 4 Shure KSM32 dJ Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic 2 AKG 414 da AKG 414 Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic 6 AKG C12 da AKG C12 Tube Condenser Mic 1 RCA Ribbon dE Ribbon Mic 8 Shure Green Bullet di Harmonica Mic 9 Telephone do Telephone 10 Megaphone d3 Megaphone Models w Condenser Mic as input 11 Oktava 12 Audio Technica AT4033 13 Shure KSM32 14 AKG 414 15 AKG C12 U Small Diaphragm Condenser Pencil Mic Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic measured Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic AKG 414 Large Diaphragm Condenser Mic AKG C12 Tube Condenser Mic Z ht _ LU 1 16 RCA Ribbon B Ribbon Mic 17 Shure Green Bullet 1 Harmonica Mic 18 Telephone H Telephone 19 Megaphone 13 Megaphone Shure AKG Audio Technica and RCA are Registered trademarks of their respective companies The aforementioned names and models are used sole ly to indicate microphones used fo
26. ntage of this and utilizes the top 4dB of the A D converters linear dynamic range to create a logarithmic overload region This allows high level transient signals passing far above the point where the overload region begins to be ade quately represented in just 4dB of the converter s dynamic range whereas a typical A D converter would clip With Type IV you can never clip the A D converter Converted Signal Level dB FS A D Clip Point Figure 1 Converted Level vs Input Level Fig 1 illustrates this concept showing the level of the converted signal below and above the start of the overload region The converted signal level is plotted along the Y axis vertical axis of the plot vs the level of the input signal along the X axis horizontal axis The logarithmic mapping of the overload region begins 4 dB below 0 dB FS full scale of the A D converter What this shows is that below 4 dB FS in the linear region the output signal is the same as the input signal Above this in the logarithmic region high level input signals get mapped into the top 4 dB of the A D con verter This mapping is analogous to the signal compression effect that occurs when recording high level signals onto analog tape 20 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Input Signal Level e TYPE IV A D Converter Linear Region Figure 2 Input Signal Levels Mapped to Type IV Over Region Noise Floor Fig 2 illu
27. ntent ro a a OH IM EN A D Clip Level Low Frequency Content Time A D Clip Level gt 4 High Frequency Information Completely Lost Figure 3c Disproportionate Loss of High Frequency Information Due to Clipping ProVocal User Manual al b x PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Amplitude 0 dB FS A D Clip Level TYPE IV Over Region Time TYPE IV Over Region 0dB FS A D Clip Level Figure 3d Type IV Mapping Preserves High Frequency Information Now you re probably wondering What s the catch I can t get something for nothing so what did I give up You may be worried that your A D noise floor got 4dB worse because we borrowed the top 4dB of your converter This is certainly a valid concern Fortunately we have the answer Without going into the confidential technical details by using our proprietary analog and digital Type IV processing we reclaim the original A D noise level So what you get is free headroom The benefits of the dbx Type IV Conversion System can easily be heard by switching it in and out while lis tening to signals with high level peaks captured in the Type IV Over Region You will notice an obvious audible dif ference With Type IV bypassed you can t help notice the harsh edgy sound of the A D converter clipping With Type IV enabled those nasty artifacts disappear revealing a more open and natural sound With Type IV enabled you will get a more accurate and pure representat
28. ompressor RATIO to 1 1 will turn the Compressor off regard less of the setting of the Compressor THRESHOLD control Compressor Ratio 0 to 50 1 1 Inf 1 Rotate this control clockwise to increase the amount of compression from 1 1 no compres sion up to 1 no increase in output level regardless of input level increases above thresh old Compressor Gain 0 to 20 0 20dB This control is used to adjust the output gain of the Compressor module in 1dB increments Compressor Attack 1 to 99 1 200ms The ATTACK control sets the amount of time it takes the ProVoca to begin compressing a sig nal once the detector has sensed a signal above threshold The ATTACK range is from 1 FAST for a tighter and more noticeable compression effect with very little overshoot to 99 SLOW d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 7 for more delayed gradual compression A very fast ATTACK setting will cause the ProVocal to act like a peak limiter even though RMS detection circuitry is used Slower ATTACK settings cause the ProVocal to act like an RMS or averaging detecting compressor limiter Compressor Release 1 to 99 360 5dB sec The RELEASE control sets how fast the compression circuit retums the input to its original level The RELEASE rate is from FAST where compression follows the envelope of the program mate rial very tightly to SLOW for very smooth compression There is no absolute right way to se
29. our plug proceed as follows The core which is coloured green and yellow must be connected to the terminal in the plug marked with the letter E or with the earth symbol or coloured green or green and yellow The core which is coloured blue must be connected to the terminal marked N or coloured black The core which is coloured brown must be connected to the terminal marked L or coloured red This equipment may require the use of a different line cord attachment plug or both depending on the available power source at installation If the attachment plug needs to be changed refer servicing to qual ified service personnel who should refer to the table below The green yellow wire shall be connected directly to the units chassis WARNING If the ground is defeated certain fault conditions in the unit or in the system to which it is con nected can result in full line voltage between chassis and earth ground Severe injury or death can then result if the chassis and earth ground are touched simultaneously WARNING FOR YOUR PROTECTION PLEASE READ THE FOLLOWING KEEP THESE INSTRUCTIONS HEED ALL WARNINGS FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS DO NOT USE THIS APPARATUS NEAR WATER CLEAN ONLY WITH A DRY CLOTH DO NOT BLOCK ANY OF THE VENTILATION OPENINGS INSTALL IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE MANUFACTURER S INSTRUCTIONS DO NOT INSTALL NEAR ANY HEAT SOURCES SUCH AS RADIATORS HEAT REGISTERS STOVES OR OTHER APPARATUS INCLUDING AMPLIFIERS THAT PRODUCE
30. pply Operating Voltage Power Consumption Physical Dimensions Weight Female XLR pin 2 hot Electronically balanced unbalanced RF filtered 330 Q balanced 9dBu or 11 dBu with 20dB pad engaged gt 40dB Typically 55dB at 1kHz Typically 120 2 dBu with a 150 source load 20Hz to 20kHz BW 30dB to 60dB TRS 1 4 jack Electronically balanced unbalanced 20kQ unbalanced 40kQ balanced 18dBu balanced or unbalanced gt 40dB Typically 55dB 15dB to 15dB TS 1 4 Jack Unbalanced 470kQ 18dBu unbalanced Male XLR pin 2 hot and TRS 1 4 Electronically balanced Balanced 120 unbalanced 602 gt 18dBu into 100 KQ RCA 750 24 bit dbx Type IV Conversion System 105dB typical A weighted 22kHz bandwidth 102dB typical unweighted 22kHz bandwidth Up to 117dB with transient material A weighted 22kHz bandwidth Up to 115dB with transient material unweighted 22kHz bandwidth Typically 109dB with program material A weighted 22kHz bandwidth Typically 106dB with program material unweighted 22kHz bandwidth 0 002 typical at 4 dBu 1 kHz input gain at OdB 20Hz to 22kHz 0 0 5dB 24 bit 103dB typical A weighted 20kHz bandwidth 101dB typical unweighted 20kHz bandwidth 0 002 typical at 4 dBu 1kHz output gain at 0dB 20Hz to 20kHz 0 0 5dB lt 85dB at 1kHz output gain at 0dB DO 120 VAC 60Hz 100 VAC 50 60Hz 15 watts EU 220 240 VAC 50 60Hz 1 75 Hx 5 75 Dx19 W 7 14 lbs 3 24 kg 24
31. r analyzation in the development of this product It is not implied in any way that there is any association with or endorsement by any of the named manufacturers Modeling Pre AMP Type F and l L4 This parameter offers the selection of several different pre amp types including Lr None Tube Pre Amp1 Tube Pre Amp2 Tube Pre Amp3 Tube Pre Amp4 Tube Pre Amp5 Tube Pre Amp6 Tube Pre Amp7 Tube Pre Amp8 Tube Pre Amp9 Tube Pre Amp10 FT CI II TITITIT FT IT OI LT CL Mi NT LT ZZ Lu N _ Fr IT MI EN mM UI FT i Modeling Drive 0 to 99 This parameter controls the input drive of the signal flowing into the microphone preamp model Values are from 0 99 6 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Modeling Gain 0 to 99 This parameter controls the input gain of the signal flowing into the microphone preamp model Values are from 0 99 Modeling Low Cut Freq 0 to 50 This parameter controls the low cut frequency All audio below this frequency will be removed Values are from 0 50 EQ Low Gain 12 to 12 H 12dB O 80Hz This parameter controls the Low gain output of the EQ section and ranges from 12 to 12dBu EQ Mid Frequency O to 61 400Hz to 8kHz This parameter is used to select the mid EQ frequency Values are as follows 1 400 Hz 2 420 48Hz 3 442 01Hz 4 464 63Hz 5 488 42Hz 6 513 43Hz 7 539 71Hz 8 567 34Hz 9 596 39Hz 10 626 92Hz 11 659 02Hz 12
32. ram Scrolling To scroll through any one of the 40 Factory and 40 User programs use the lt Program gt up and down buttons User Program are numbered 1 40 and Factory Programs are numbered 41 80 e Program E diting Once a program has been selected you can fine tune the program to your requirements and then save it as a User program by using the following procedure e To access a selected effect module block simply press the lt Effect gt button until the desired module with the corresponding LED in the effect matrix has been reached Successive presses of the lt Effect gt button will scroll through the effect matrix e Once the effect module to edit has been reached use any of the five parameter knobs to edit the parameter of the corresponding effect indicated in the effect matrix The display window will show the parameter value in real time Note that the parameter knob LED will light once the parameters stored value has been reached e Once all of your changes have been made to the current program you can now save this custom program into the User bank of Programs To save your changes press the lt Store gt button and then use the lt Program Up gt or lt Program Down gt buttons to select the desired user Program number Once the desired number has been reached press the lt Store gt button again 10 Be TEA d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS e Effect Bypass To bypass all effect in the Pro
33. rena Special effects High tube saturation Washy reverb with delay ig 12 ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS DIGITAL APPLICATIONS PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS 3 1 Basic Analog Connection of the ProVocal e Turn off all equipment before making any connections e Install the ProVocal in your rack with the provided rack screws It is essential that when the ProVocal is being mounted in a rack mounting enclosure the unit should be positioned with enough room at least 1U of space above the unit and 1U of space below the unit to allow proper ventilation The ProVocal should not be mounted above or below anything that gener ates excessive heat Ambient temperatures should not exceed 113 F 45 C when equipment is in use Although the unit is shielded against radio frequency and electromagnetic interference extremely high fields of RF and EMI should be avoided where possible Make audio connections via XLR 1 4 TRS or 1 4 TS plugs With the flexibility of the ProVocal various connection options are available For input connection use the XLR Microphone 1 4 line or 1 4 instrument front panel inputs For analog output connections use either XLR or 1 4 Line output The use of more than one connector at a time for the out put section could unbalance balanced lines cause phase cancellations short a conductor to ground or cause damage to other equipment connected to the ProVocal e Apply pow
34. roduct S PDIF Digital Output Connector The ProVocal provides S PDIF digital output formatting through the RCA coaxial connector Be sure to use short lengths of 7502 digital cables or 7502 video cables rather than standard audio RCA to RCA cables Using the correct cables will prevent digital dropouts and other intercon nection problems MIDI In This is the input connection for MIDI output devices Analog Input Connectors The analog input section of the ProVocal offers both front panel XLR Microphone and 1 4 TS instrument rear panel 1 4 TRS Line electronically balanced connections The 1 4 con nector may be used in a balanced or unbalanced configuration Using a 1 4 TS connector will unbalance the signal Analog Output Connectors The analog output section of the ProVocal offers both XLR and 1 4 TRS electronically bal anced connections The 1 4 connector may be used in a balanced or unbalanced configura tion Using a 1 4 TS connector will unbalance the signal Line Input This balanced high impedance input connection is used to insert an instrument signal directly into the preamp Use the LINE switch to make instrument input or the rear panel line input active Plugging into the instrument jack will override the rear panel 1 4 input jack line input must be selected 2 ProVocal User Manual di b x PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS Microphone Input This balanced high impedance input connection is used
35. rsion and recording processes proliferated in the 1980 s primarily due to the cleaner sound of dig ital versus analog an advantage resulting from the comparatively wider linear dynamic range of digital Anyone who is familiar with the technical specifications of digital equipment knows that the typical maximum signal to noise specifica tions for 16 bit systems is in the neighborhood of 90 something dB Compare this to the typical signal to noise specifi cations for professional analog tape of about 55dB without the aid of noise reduction and around 75 to 85dB with noise reduction such as dbx Type I or Type II applied This seemingly tremendous signal to noise advantage of digital over analog would suggest that digital would become the unanimous choice for recording For the most part this has occurred not totally due to its signal to noise advantage but as much due to the benefits of digital storage such as random access and the inherent ability to with stand degradation unlike that of analog tape or LP s In spite of the benefits of digital no one in the audio world can refute the rediscovery of analog recording and tube gear that has occurred in the 90 s attributable to the quest for that analog character that is missing from digital recordings This continued use of analog gear with modern digital systems brings to light a favorable characteristic of analog recording which those who abandoned analog and jumped on the dig ita
36. se the factory service facility In all cases you are responsible for transportation charges to the fac tory dbx will pay retum shipping if the unit is still under warranty Use the original packing material if it is available Mark the package with the name of the ship per and with these words in red DELICATE INSTRUMENT FRAGILE Insure the package prop erly Ship prepaid not collect Do not ship parcel post 0 3 Warranty This warranty is valid only for the original purchaser and only in the United States 1 The warranty registration card that accompanies this product must be mailed within 30 days after purchase date to validate this warranty Proof of purchase is considered to be the bur den of the consumer 2 dbx warrants this product when bought and used solely within the U S to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use and service 3 dbx liability under this warranty is limited to repairing or at our discretion replacing defec tive materials that show evidence of defect provided the product is returned to dbx WITH RETURN AUTHORIZATION from the factory where all parts and labor will be covered up to a period of two years A Retum Authorization number must be obtained from dbx by telephone The company shall not be liable for any consequential damage as a result of the product s use in any circuit or assembly 4 dbx reserves the right to make changes in design or make additions to or improvem
37. strates the mapping function in a different way Input levels are shown on the left of the graph while con verted levels are shown on the right Notice the mapping of large signal excursions to the 4dB Type IV Over Region One might question the validity of such an approach trying to represent a lot of signal information within a smaller space The reason why this is not only valid but makes a whole lot of sense is that the digital codes in a con verter are linear or evenly spaced meaning that each consecutive code represents the same change in voltage of the input signal This implies that half of the digital codes are used to represent input signals whose voltage level is below 1 2 of the full scale A D input voltage while the other half of the codes are used to represent signals above 1 2 of the full scale A D input voltage This seems reasonable until you realize that 1 2 of the full scale input is only 6dB below full scale So half of the codes are used to represent only the top 6 dB of signal information while the other half are used to represent the remaining 80 to 110dB of signal information depending on the quality of the converter It seems not only reasonable but also desirable to utilize the increased signal resolution afforded by this density of digital codes to represent more input dynamic range in this region Another advantage of the logarithmic mapping of our dbx Type IV Conversion System is that it preserves the
38. t the ATTACK and RELEASE controls However in general you will want them set slow enough to avoid pumping or breathing sounds caused when background sounds are audibly modulat ed by the dominant signal energy yet the release must be fast enough to avoid suppression of the desired signal after a sudden transient or loud note has decayed Note ATTACK and RELEASE controls operate together and in conjunction with the RATIO con trol Changing one control may necessitate changing another setting De Esser Gate De Ess Frequency 1 to 99 800Hz 8kHz This parameter is used to set the frequency that the De Esser module will process De Esser Gate De EssAmount 1 to 99 This parameter is used to set the overall sensitivity amount of the De Esser module De Esser Gate Gate Threshold 1 to 60 55dBu 5dBu Adjusting the this control sets the level at which the gate will open and allow the signal at the input to pass through to the output Turning the knob fully counter clockwise to off allows the gate to pass all signals unattenuated effectively bypassing the gate Turning the knob fully clockwise causes the gate to attenuate input signals below 10dBu The amount of attenuation depends on the setting of the depth control De Esser Gate Gate Ratio O to 99 This parameter is used to control the amount that all signal below the threshold will be reduced De Esser Gate Gate Release 1 to 99 360 5dB sec Adjusting the RELE
39. t stage clipping Program Up and Down buttons These buttons are used to scroll through the Program menu and when pressed simultaneously will bypass all ProVocal effects To take the unit out of bypass mode press either the lt Program Up Program Down gt or lt Effect gt button Display W indow This seven segment window is used to show all program operating and editing information of the ProVocal Note If digital clipping occurs the displav window will flash L p d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 3 4 Effect Select Button and LEDs This button is used to select any one of the six effect module blocks available in the ProVocal Successive presses will scroll through the effect menu The corresponding LED will light when the effect module is selected and will be lighted in performance mode when the effect mod ule is on or used in the current program Store Button This button is used to store any program changes that have been made Parameter Edit knobs These five edit knobs are used to edit the corresponding parameter of the currently selected effect module Parameter Edit LEDs These five LEDs located beneath the Edit knob will light when the value of the currently selected parameter value has been changed from the currently stored value Power Switch Turns the ProVocal on and off ProVocal User Manual d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS dbx PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS 2 1 Detailed Para
40. uld not be mounted above or below anything that generates excessive heat Ambient temperatures should not exceed 113 F 45 C when equipment is in use Although the unit is shielded against radio frequency and electromag netic interference extremely high fields of RF and EMI should be avoided where possible Make audio connections via XLR 1 4 TRS or 1 4 TS plugs S PDIF for digital output With the flexibility of the ProVocal various connection options are available For input connec tion use the XLR Microphone 1 4 line or 1 4 instrument front panel inputs For analog d b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 9 output connections use either XLR or 1 4 Line output e Apply power to the ProVocal Connect the AC power cord to the AC power receptacle on the back of the unit Route the AC power cord to a convenient power outlet away from audio lines The unit may be turned on and off from the front panel power switch or from a mas ter equipment power switch e After all connections have been made make the appropriate front panel line settings i e Line switch 48Volt switch and or 20dB Pad and adjust the Gain adjustment until the signal LED lights with the clip LED only lighting occasionally Program Operation Edit Mode After all connections have been made you are ready to use the ProVocal The following information will provide you with basic guidelines to get the most out of your unit Prog
41. ypical vocal condenser microphone and then add the specific characteristics of the desired mic sound All measurements were performed on axis As with any miking situation microphone placement alters the response Good mic technique is still essential to get the best possible sound Also choosing a good quality input microphone will improve your results Finally the age condition and even manufacturing variances can subtly alter the response of any microphone Using dbx s proprietary modeling techniques we have accurately modeled the mics in our collec tion This technology is the most accurate way to represent the sound of these mics without actually spending thou sands of dollars on your own collection di b X PROFESSIONAL PRODUCTS ProVocal User Manual 23 Specifications Microphone Input Connector Type Impedance Maximum Input Level CMRR Equivalent Input Noise Gain Line Input Rear Panel Connector Type Impedance Maximum Input Level CMRR Gain Instrument Input Front Panel Connector Type Impedance Maximum Input Level Analog Outputs Connector Type Impedance Maximum Output Level S PDIF Digital Output Connector Impedance A D Svstem Performance A D Conversion Convertor Dvnamic Range Type IV Dynamic Range THD Noise Frequency Response D A System Performance D A Conversion Dynamic Range THD Noise Frequency Response Interchannel Crosstalk Power Su
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