I declare that I have read this work and in my opinion
Contents
1. Date JUNE 2014 Date JUNE 2014 NOTES If the thesis is CONFIDENTAL or RESTRICTED please attach with the letter from the organization with period and reasons for confidentiality or restriction SUSTAINABLE HOME TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM SHTC MOHD HAFIZIE BIN SUDIN A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the reguirements for the award of the Bachelor of Engineering Electrical Control and Instrumentation Faculty of Electrical Engineering Universiti Teknologi Malaysia JUNE 2014 I declare that this work as the product of my own effort with the exception of excerpts cited from other works of which the sources were duly noted Signature EA GE REF an Author s Name Mohd Hafizie Bin Sudin Date EN EA NR Mantan Nan aia Dedicated in thankful appreciation for support encouragement and understanding to my beloved mother father brothers and sisters ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all I am grateful to The Almighty God for establishing me to complete this project I wish tto express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor A P Dr Yahaya Md Sam for the guidance and enthusiasm given throughout the progress of this project My appreciation also goes to my family who has always been tolerant and supportive during these one year project I also thank the Final Year Project Coordinator for Control and Mechatronic Department CMED Dr Mohd Amri Bin Yunus and Assoc Prof Dr Sharifah Hafizah Syed Ariffin for their guid2. 35 The temperature sensor is tested by taking the temperature readings from mini room 1 and mini room 2 Table 4 2 below show the reading taken before the fans is attached Table 4 2 Mini room s normal temperature reading Time s Templ C Temp 2 CC 0 0 0 10 29 1 29 1 20 29 1 29 1 30 29 6 29 1 40 29 6 29 6 50 30 29 6 60 30 29 6 70 30 30 80 29 7 30 90 29 7 29 7 100 30 1 30 1 110 30 1 30 1 120 30 1 30 1 130 30 5 31 1 From the table above the average mini room temperature before the fans is on is about 29 8 C for both mini rooms Table 4 3 and Figure 410 below shows the value of the temperature readings when the fans is apllied to the mini rooms In House Temperature sm Temperature 1 sm Temperature 2 O o w 3 a v o E v 2 4 6 8 101214 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Figure 4 10 Graph of temperature reading before and after the fans is on for both mini rooms Table 4 3 Temperature reading before and after the fans is on for both mini rooms Time Minutes 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 Temperature 1 291 291 29 6 29 6 30 30 29 7 29 6 29 7 30 30 1 30 5 31 1 31 4 31 1 31 1 30 1 30 30 30 29 1 28 7 28 4 28 28 27 4 27 26 6 26 2 25 7 25 5 25 7 25 5 24 9 24 4 24 4 Temperature 2 291 291 291 29 8 29 8 30 3 30 3 30 9 30 9 3
3. I declare that I have read this work and in my opinion this work is adeguate in terms of scope and guality for the purpose of awarding a Bachelor s of Engineering Electrical Control amp Instrumentation Signature Name of Supervisor Assoc Prof Dr Yahaya Md Sam Date SN DWF FOND A wi PSZ 19 16 Pind 1 07 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA DECLARATION OF THESIS UNDERGRADUATE PROJECT REPORT AND COPYRIGHT Author s full name MOHD HAFIZIE BIN SUDIN Date of Birth 27 01 1991 Title SUSTAINABLE HOME TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM SHTC USING MICROCONTROLLER Academic Session 2013 2014 I declare that this thesis is classified as CONFIDENTIAL Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972 RESTRICTED Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done OPEN ACCESS agree that my thesis to be published as online open access full text I acknowledged that Universiti Teknologi Malaysia reserves the right as follows 1 The thesis is the property of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2 The Library of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia has the right to make copies for the purpose of research only 3 The Library has the right to make copies of the thesis for academic exchange nn My SIGNATURE SIGNATURE OF SUPERVISOR Certified by 710127030717 ASSOC PROF DR YAHAYA MD SAM NEW IC NO PASSPORT NAME OF SUPERVISOR
4. 12 immersed over extended period of time It also has a more uniform accuracy over an entire specified temperature range 2 2 2 Intelligent Temperature Control Split Air Conditioners Figure 2 4 Intelligent Temperature Control Split Air Conditioner Figure 2 4 shows the Intelligent Temperature Control Split Air Conditioner designed by Foshan Longrui Electrical Appliances Co Ltd in China It is the energy saving type and super guite operating with relaxable style like cool breezy It has wide temperature range from 16 C to 30 C The room s temperature will be always fixed when used this air conditioners It will maintain room temperature by adjusting the cooling or heating element 2 3 Differences Between Current Devices and This Project From the above example on temperature monitoring and temperature control system we can conclude that the current device is already better but the differences are that the devices still using a lot of power consumption The intelligent air conditioner above is a power saving air 13 conditioner because it uses less power consumption than other air conditioners The air conditioner is still continuously on unless it is turning off manually Many devices also have the communication s specification that is calling or sms when the temperature is out of range However the function is only to alert user User cannot do anything from far unless the user is near the device and turn it on or off
5. After the project has been chosen and verified by supervisor a Gantt chart is prepared so that it will Keep the project in motion The components are prepared For the first semester only the main component is prepared because of lack of budget 6 2 Cost Estimation Table 6 3 Cost for main components Component Name Cost For 1 Subtotal For 1 module Unit Unit Range Price Arduino Uno R3 1 RM 58 00 1 RM 58 00 iComsat 1 RM 240 00 1 RM 240 00 GSM GPRS Shield Module 1602 HD44780 1 RM 12 00 1 RM 12 00 Character LCD Display Module Male to male 10 20 RM 1 10 10 RM 11 00 breadborad wire jumper Mini jumper 10 20 RM 0 20 5 RM 1 00 Female to female 1 RM 4 50 1 RM 4 50 jumper DC 12V 0 3A 1 4 RM 6 00 2 RM 12 00 Cooling fan Project Board 1 RM 17 00 1 RM 17 00 Solder Lead 1 RM 32 00 1 RM 32 00 Temperature 1 5 RM 8 00 2 RM 16 00 Sensor LM35 Transistor NPN 1 5 RM 0 20 2 RM 0 40 2N3904 Hot glue 1 2 RM 1 90 1 RM 1 90 Subtotal RM 405 80 All other small electronics component is provided by FKE Store Table 6 4 Components obtain from FKE Store Component Name Cost For 1 module Unit Range Price Straight Pin 1 20 10 Header Male Straight Pin 1 20 20 Header Femlae Donat Matric board 1 3 1 PCB Connector 2 1 10 4 ways PCB Connector 4 1 10 4 wyas PCB Stand 1 12 4 Potentiometer 1 2 1 50k
6. When temperature lt 26 degree C fan OFF if the user reply SMS the fan will OFF Created 10 May 2014 by Azeo Hafizie UTM FYP azeohafizie yahoo com include lt LiauidCrvstal h gt include SIM900 h include lt SoftwareSerial h gt include sms h SMSGSM sms LiguidCrystal lcd 6 7 8 9 10 11 float templ float temp2 int temp1Pin 0 int temp2Pin 1 int fanl 4 int fan2 5 int pos 0 int ledl A5 int led2 A4 int led3 A3 int led4 A2 int numdata boolean started false char smsbuffer 160 char n 20 void setup Serial begin 9600 Icd begin 16 2 pinMode fanl OUTPUT pinMode fan2 OUTPUT pinMode led1 OUTPUT pinMode led2 OUTPUT pinMode led3 OUTPUT pinMode led4 OUTPUT Serial printIn SMS Messages Sender boolean notConnected true Serial printin GSM Shield testing if gsm begin 2400 IN Serial println nstatus READY started true else Serial println nstatus IDLE void loop templ analogRead templPin temp2 analogRead temp2Pin templ templ 0 48828125 temp2 temp2 0 48828125 delay 1000 Serial println templ Serial println temp2 delay 100 Icd clear Icd setCursor 1 0 Icd print temp1 Icd print temp1 delay 100 Icd setCursor 0 7 led print temp2 Icd print temp2 delay 1000 if templ amp amp
7. temp2 gt 26 pos 180 digitalWrite fan1 HIGH digitalWrite fan2 HIGH digitalWrite led1 LOW digitalWrite led2 HIGH digitalWrite led3 LOW digitalWrite led4 HIGH if gsm begin 2400 Serial printIn nstatus READY started true else Serial println nstatus IDLE if started if sms SendSMS F601136559465 Both Temp Exceed 26 Serial printIn nSMS sent OK delay 30000 if started if gsm readSMS smsbuffer 160 n 20 Serial printIn n Serial println smsbuffer digital Write fan LOW digital Write fan2 LOW delay 10000 delay 60000 else if templ amp amp temp2 lt 26 pos 90 digital Write fan1 LOW digital Write fan2 LOW digital Write led1 HIGH digital Write led2 LOW digitalWrite led3 HIGH digitalWrite led4 LOW else if templ gt 26 amp amp temp2 lt 26 pos 180 digitalWrite fan1 HIGH digital Write fan2 LOW digitalWrite led1 LOW digitalWrite led2 HIGH digitalWrite led3 HIGH digitalWrite led4 LOW if gsm begin 2400 Serial println nstatus READY started true else Serial println nstatus IDLE if started if sms SendSMS 601136559465 Temp1 Exceed 26 Serial printIn nSMS sent OK delay 60000 if started if gsm readSMS smsbuffer 160 n 20 Serial println n Serial println smsbuffer d
8. 185 C Storage temperature 45 C 90 C Data GPRS GPRS data downlink transfer max 85 6kbps GPRS data uplink transfer max 42 8 kbps SMS MT MO CB Text and PDU mode SMS Storage Sim Card Real Time Clock Support RTC The following figure shows a functional diagram of SIM900 and overview of SIM900 GSM GPRS Shield 22 Power mm Radio supply Frequency Figure 3 4 Functional block diagram of Sim900 GSM Shield Figure 3 5 Sim900 GSM Shield Figure 3 6 Sim900 GSM Shield Schematic 23 Figure 3 6 shows the schematic of Sim900 GSM Shield where it already has its own microcontroller pins to be attached to Arduino Uno 3 1 5 Light Emitting Diodes LEDs Two blue leds and red leds will be used The leds used is 5mm led The blue LEDs will indicate that the temperature is below 26 C while the red LEDs will indicate that the temperature is above 26 C 3 1 6 Microcontroller Arduino Uno Arduino is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible easy to use hardware and software Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can affect its surroundings by controlling lights motors and other actuators The microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language based on Wiring and the Arduino development environment based on Processing Arduino projects can be stand alone or they can communicate
9. The communication is only for alerting user to let user Know that the temperature is out of range It is limited only in letting user know The SHTC will be design so that these flaws are overcome SHTC will alert the user via smartphone s call or sms and the user can decide whether to reply the call or sms Users can turn on off the cooling system just by using smartphone even when the user is not at home 2 4 Market Survey There are many residential in Malaysia and its keep increasing every year Table 2 1 below shows the number of property transaction in 2011 2012 From the transaction we Know that the residential is Keep increasing every year at least by 300 residential Table 2 1 Number of property transaction by state 2011 2012 207 204 6 085 5741 2999 3015 31 084 12242 11 648 2 850 2 859 30 674 2363 1977 2271 2 164 33 170 30 135 14 813 14 001 807 931 13 183 14 935 4 414 770 814 7 221 9267 2 863 1 476 1 165 11 731 14 159 9 282 1 591 2 173 8 774 12 329 5 488 628 738 10 385 12 489 3 861 3 438 3 693 3 731 7 223 1 507 1 738 702 1 006 75 98 Source Property Market Report 2012 National Property Information Centre Napic 15 pen HA b b Series 2 Series 1 Figure 2 5 Average minimum and maximum temperature weather in Malaysia Temperature celsius Rainfall mm Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec rainfal
10. executes command The seventh pin DO to D7 is 8 pin bi directional data cable The fifteenth pin Black light anode The sixteenth pin Black light cathode 3 1 3 Temperature Sensor There are two temperature sensors used in this project that is SN TEMP MOD shown in Figur 3 1 and LM35 shown in figure 3 2 SN TEMP MOD comes with two outputs analog and digital This temperature module uses NTC Thermistor to detect temperature changes with onboard components providing power of 3 3V to 5V DC Negative Temperature Coefficient NTC thermistor will change the effective resistance over temperature utilizing this behavior Room environment temperature may be detected by measuring the voltage from a resistor network like a voltage divider However this module is not suitable to measure absolute temperature and is suitable for relative temperature measurement Below is the front view of SN TEMP MOD temperature sensor Figure 3 1 Temperature sensor module board layout 20 This temperature sensor is sensitive to environment temperature and the sensitivity can be adjusted for digital output with on board potentiometer clockwise will set the threshold at low and counter clockwise will set the threshold at temperature high for trigger When the actual temperature is higher than threshold DO will be LOW and wise versa A0 is around 1 45V at 27 C and the higher the temperature the lower the voltage at AO LM35 are precision centigrade temperatu
11. fermentation and Kegerator Intelligent Temperature Control Split Air Conditioner Average minimum and maximum temperature weather in Malaysia Average temperature and humidity for Kuala Lumpur Temperature sensor module board layout LM35 Schematic diagram xii PAGE 11 12 15 15 19 20 53 34 3 5 3 6 3 7 4 1 4 2 43 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 LM35 Upper view Functional block diagram of Sim900 GSM Shield Sim900 GSM Shield Sim900 GSM Shield Schematic Arduino IDE open source software overview Flowchart diagram of the whole process of SHTC SHTC Devices shows the connection of Arduino Uno LCD LEDs DC Motors and temperature sensors Block diagram of Sustainable Temperature Control System Preliminary devices connection overview of SHTC s connection overview of SHTC s schematic diagram TX and RX pin of Sim900 GSM Shield SHTC main components Graph of temperature reading before and after the fans is on for both mini rooms Mini room model consist of two rooms The red Led for both mini rooms is light up SMS received by the user sent from the system User replies the received SMS Serial print from the computer shows the GSM process 20 22 22 22 24 26 27 28 29 30 32 33 34 34 35 37 38 38 39 40 xiii LM35 LCD SHTC PC USB Sms IC CPU LED GSM xi
12. is not replied the cooling system will be turn On User will receive SMS from the system in another six hours after the system receive a replied SMS from the user if the temperature is still beyond 26 C in those six hour Figure4 6 shows and overview and the schematic of the main system without GSM connection Figure 4 6 overview of SHTC s connection SIEMENS eh 32 33 sv VIN Arduino Uno Rev3 Figure 4 7 overview of SHTC s schematic diagram The schematic in figure 4 7 shows the connection of the system without the GSM SIM900 since the SIM900 does not have fritzing file The GSM Shield SIM900 will be using the TX and RX pin of arduino that is digital pin 0 and digital pin 1 TX pin is for transmit signal from the GSM Shield and the RX pin is for receive signal to the GSM Shield GSM Shield SIM900 pin s for arduino is pin 2 of TX and pin 3 of RX Figure 4 8 below shows the pin of GSM Shield to be used for arduino uno 34 Pin 3 TX of GSM Pin 2 RX of GSM Figure 4 8 TX and RX pin of Sim900 GSM Shield Figure 4 9 show the final product of the project where it consist of 4 port two port for temperature sensors and two port for fans Antenna of GSM Shield Adjusting contrast of LCD LCD Display Leds for mini room 1 Leds for mini room 2 Temperature sensors Figure 4 9 SHTC main components
13. the Liguid Crystal Display LCD used to display the temperature Figure 1 1 shows the thermistor type temperature while figure 1 2 shows the temperature used in this project that is LM35 temperature sensor Figure 1 0 LCD Figure 1 1 Thermistor Figure 1 2 LM35 display the temperature type temperature Temperature sensor 1 1 Problem Statement Malaysia weather is hot and humid almost all day The temperature in Malaysia is stable because it is located within the Eguatorial Zone with uniformly high temperatures high humidity relatively light winds and abundant rainfall throughout the year 1 From the encyclopedia of earth the monthly average maximum temperature ranges from 32 33 C year in Kuala Lumpur 31 33 C in Penang 29 33 C in Kuching and 30 32 C in Labuan 1 This shows that the temperature in Malaysia is almost the same every day What will happen to temperature inside our home when the temperature surrounding is hot A reasonable thermal comfort temperature inside a house is between 25 5 C and 28 5 C 10 Temperature inside house can increase up to 35 C depending on outside temperature o w a N a o w 2 i 5 INN NINA SY YNN Node points Ga Air Temperature HEN Corrected Effective temperature CET Min comfort temperature Max comfort temperature Air speed Figure 7 Result of indoor environmental conditions in the modern low income house all d
14. with software running on a computer 24 32 Software Implementation In this project one main software is used that is Arduino IDE for programming the microcontroller Arduino IDE using Atmega328 programming such as assembly and high level language The Arduino programming language is an implementation of Wiring a similar computing platform which is based on the processing multimedia programming environment The Arduino software is published as open source tools available for extension by experienced programmers The language can be expanded through C libraries and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it s based SendSMS Arduino 1 0 5 cEN File Edit Sketch Tools Help SendSMS include lt GSM h gt define PINNUMBER tial e th GSM gsmAccess GSM SMS sms void setup initialize seria Serial begin 9600 while Serial weit for serial p Serial println SMS Messages Sender Figure 3 7 Arduino IDE open source software overview Figure 3 7 shows the overview of Arduino IDE open source software used to programm the Arduino Uno Assembly language and high level language can be used for coding or programming CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4 0 Introduction This chapter will show the result of project research and discuss several experiments or testing that has been made for better und
15. 0 3 29 8 29 8 291 28 7 28 7 28 28 3 27 9 27 6 27 5 271 271 26 5 26 5 26 26 25 4 25 4 24 9 24 9 24 4 24 2 24 2 24 4 24 4 24 2 36 37 From the graph shown above the time taken for the mini room to cool down below 26 C when the fans is on is around 20 minutes for room size 25cm x 35cm However this is only true for the normal average room temperature around 29 8 C The graph show the decreasing temperature after both of the fans is on aroun minutes 15 When the temperature is above 26 C the red Led will turn on and the sms will be sent to the user User can reply the sms to turn off the fans Figures below shows the process of the system y F Figure 4 11 Mini room model consist of two rooms The house model for the system consist of one fan and one temperature sensor for each room as shown in Figure 4 11 There is two rooms in this house model The main body is attached outside the house model while the sensors and the fans is inside the mini rooms A glass wall is used as the front wall and the roof so that the fans can be observe clearly whether it is on or not 38 Figure 4 12 The red Led for both mini rooms is light up Temperature exceed 26 C will light up the red leds From the figure 4 12 both the leds is on because both of mini room s temperature is above 26 C Both of the fans will automatically on when the temeprature exceed 26 C Figure 4 13 SMS received by the user
16. 00 analog Write BlueLed LOW analog Write RedLed HIGH delay 1000 analogWrite BlueLed HIGH analog Write RedLed HIGH delay 1000 analog Write BlueLed LOW analog Write RedLed LOW delay 1000 A3 Programming code for device without GSM include lt Servo h gt Servo servol float temp int tempPin 0 int fanl 2 int led1 12 int led2 8 int pos 0 void setup Serial begin 9600 pinMode fanl OUTPUT pinMode led1 OUTPUT pinMode led2 OUTPUT servol attach 9 void loop temp analogRead tempPin temp temp 0 48828125 delay 1000 Serial println temp if temp gt 33 pos 180 digital Write fan1 HIGH digital Write led1 HIGH digital Write led2 LOW servol write pos else pos 90 digitalWrite fan1 LOW digitalWrite led1 LOW digitalWrite led2 HIGH servol write pos delay 3000 A4 SHTC s programming Temperature Control System using 2 temperature sensors 2 fans lcd and 4 leds led1 to pin A5 led2 to pin A4 led3 to pin A3 led4 to pin A2 templ to pin A1 temp2 to pin A2 fanl to pin 4 fan2 to pin 5 LCDvvss vdd v0 rs rw e d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 a k LCD GND 5v middle pin of contrast pin 5 GND pin 6 _ _ _ pin 8 pin9 pin 10 pin 11 5v GND Contrast 1st pin GND middle pin to LCD 3rd pin to 5v When temperature gt 26 degree C fan ON SMS from GSM
17. 52 Recommendation The SHTC will be using a prepaid sim card Therefore it will cost more in term of communication cost Each sms is charge one cent depending on the prepaid sim card type There are a lot of prepaid plan so that user can choose which plan to use for the system to minimize the sms cost This problem cannot be solved by removing the sim card However the sms cost can be minimise using a chaper plan for prepaid sim card User need to cleverly choose which prepaid plan is the cheapest and the top up renew is longest 43 This device can only hold up to two sensors and two fans only It can be modified to hold three temperature sensors and three fans at maximum only This problem can be solved by modification The system need to be modified by using a larger Integrated Circuit IC or larger microcontroller so that it can hold many sensors leds and fans at the same time The device can not be applied to real fan especially air conditioner since real fan need a power source directly from the electrical plug The fan in this device is supplied by 9V battery The device can be used for real fan if the part where the power source activated the fan is modified a bit It can be modified so that the power source to activated the fans is supplied by the home electricity and not by the battery The modification for this part is not hard but it will increase the usage of electricity as compare to the current SHTC device CHAPTER 6 PROJEC
18. Implementation RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4 0 Introduction 4 1 Flowchart Diagram 4 2 Main Components with the GSM Module 4 3 Block Diagram 4 4 Result 4 4 1 Preliminary Result 4 4 2 Final Result CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5 1 Conclusion 5 2 Recommendations PROJECT MANAGEMENT 6 0 Introduction 6 1 Project Schedule 6 2 Cost Estimation 23 24 25 25 27 28 29 29 31 42 42 44 44 46 REFERENCES APPENDICES TABLE 2 1 3 1 32 4 2 4 3 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 LIST OF TABLES TITLE Number of property transaction by state 2011 2012 LCD s pin instruction SIM900 GSM Shield Features Mini room s normal temperature reading Temperature reading before and after the fans is on for both mini rooms Gantt chart for semester one Gantt chart for semester two continuation of semester one Cost for main components Components obtain from FKE Store xi PAGE 14 18 21 35 36 45 45 46 47 FIGURE 1 0 1 1 12 7 0 1 3 2 0 2 1 22 23 24 2 5 2 6 3 1 3 2 LIST OF FIGURES TITLE LCD display the temperature value Thermistor type temperature sensors LM35 Temperature sensor Result of indoor environmental conditions in the modern low income house Overview of SHTC Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring Device Bluetooth Digital Thermometer Watch Thermofocus TH1500A3 Non Contact Clinical Thermometer Temperature controller device for beer
19. Q Battery9V 1 6 2 Battery holder 1 6 2 Leds 1 15 4 Crown Pin 10 30 12 Resistor 33022 1 10 4 Therefore the overall cost of SHTC device exclude the components obtain from FKE Store is RM 405 80 The components that are bought is as in table 6 3 48 REFERENCES 1 Mark McGinley Climate of Malaysia Weather amp Climate Meteorology Geography The Encyclopedia OF EARTH June 2011 2 Julia A Garrido New Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring and Calibration Lec Medical Wentworth Communications Ltd Oct 2012 3 Goldwei user manual Thermofocus TH1500A3 Non Contact Clinical Thermometer Against HIN1 Flu Goldwei Corp 2013 http www goldwei com products item asp itemid 2 41 Tellurex An Introduction to Temperature Control of Thermoelectric System A Guide to Temperature Control of Thermoelectric System Tellurex Corp Transverse City 2010 5 Betreuer Bassem Ben Yahia Temperature Control of a Continuos Water Heater Praktikum Bioverfahrenstechnik 2013 6 Auber Instrument TD100 Temperature Controller Instruction Manual Auber Instrument Inc May 2013 7 Zhixue Dong Yila Su Xiangyong Yan Temperature Control System of the Thermal Analyzer Based on Fuzzy PID Controller Ninth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent System Inner Mongolia University of Technology 2009 8 Huang Wen tian Li Jin Ping Research and Design of Int
20. T MANAGEMENT 6 0 Introduction This chapter will explain details about the project schedule and the cost of the project Gantt chart is used to shows the shcedule based on each stage of study There will be two gantt chart for two semester during this one year project The cost estimation will shows the overall cost for this project 6 1 Project Schedule Table below shows the gantt chart Since the final year project consist of two part or two semester the gantt chart also divided into semester Table 6 1 show the gantt chart for semester one while table 6 2 show the gantt chart of semester two the continuation of semester one s gantt chart 45 Table 6 1 Gantt chart for semester one October November December Stages Week mw i sw as BEN VPT Briefing literature dr DA LN Flowchart ETTE conor ep er Coding and feme TT el tt Board Testing Temperature Sensor ble ee s Report Table 6 2 Gantt chart for semester two continuation of semester one February adal HEH an Module 2D and 3D Simulation BE NG Analysis Data Verification a1 Repot 46 For the first semester the final year project begins with project briefing and literature review We need to find our own title and suggest it to project supervisor that has been assigned to each student The literature review will be continuously search for better understanding on the project
21. ahu pengguna apabila suhu di dalam rumah melebihi 26 C sama ada pengguna berada di rumah ataupun tidak Suhu 26 C dipilih sebagai suhu maksima bagi purata suhu selesa Pengguna hanya perlu menggunakan khidmat pesanan ringkas sms untuk mematikan kipas vii TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION OF THESIS ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRACT v ABSTRAK vi TABLE OF CONTENT vii LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii LIST OF SYMBOLS xiv LIST OF APPENDICES XV 1 INTRODUCTION 1 0 Background 1 1 1 Problem Statement 2 1 2 Objective of the Project 3 1 3 Scope of the Project 4 1 4 Outline of Thesis 4 1 5 Summary of Works 5 2 THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2 0 Introduction 2 1 Temperature Monitoring System 2 1 1 Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring 2 1 2 Bluetooth Digital Thermometer for Android Devices 2 1 3 Thermofocus TH1500A3 Non Contact Clinical Thermometer 2 2 Temperature Control System 2 2 1 Controller for Beer Fermentation and Kegerator 2 2 2 Intelligent Temperature Control Split Air Conditioners 2 3 Differences between Current Devices and This Project 2 4 Market Survey METHODOLOGY 3 0 Introduction 3 1 Hardware Implementation 3 1 1 DC Motor 3 1 2 1602 HD44780 Character LCD Display Module 3 1 3 Temperature Sensor 3 1 4 GSM Sim900 3 1 5 Light Emitting Diodes LEDs 10 11 12 12 13 17 17 17 18 19 21 23 viii 3 1 6 Microcontroller Arduino Uno 3 2 Software
22. ance and helps in this project Lastly I would also place on record my sense of gratitude to one and all who directly or indirectly lent their helping hand in this venture especially my fellow classmates and friends ABSTRACT Temperature control is a process in which the temperature change is measured or otherwise detected and the temperature is adjusted to achieve a desired average temperature In this project LM35 temperature sensor is used for measuring surrounding temperature in degree celcius The project is based on Malaysian weather with temperature range from 20 C to 40 C The project is well compatible with the Equitorial Zone such as Malaysia that have uniformly high temperatures high humidity relatively light winds and abundant rainfall throughout the year Futhermore at the hottest weather the inside house temperature can be a little bit hotter than the outside temperature that is more than the outside temperature by at least 1 C if the owner does not turn on any cooling system This project s objective is to help people to control home temperature remotely even without being in the house It is also for better comfortability inside the house as well as to minimize the use of electrical power for home cooling system such as fans or air conditioners This project will be using a simple house model with two rooms two sensors and two fans that act as cooling agents By using microcontroller attached with GSM module the system will a
23. chapters The first chapter deal with the objective and scope of the project is discussed Chapter 2 will review on the theory and literature reviews related to this project It will discuss on the temperature monitoring system and the temperature control system Chapter 3 is about the methodology of the project regarding hardware and software implimentation In Chapter 4 the result and discussion will be presented while Chapter 5 is conclusion and recommendation The last chapter is Chapter 6 solely about the project management focusing on the project duration and cost 15 Summary of Works Figure 1 3 shows the overview of SHTC system where it begin with supplying DC voltage using 12V DC Power Supply to the microcontroller Temperature sensor will read the surrounding temperature and display it on LCD If the temperature is above 26 C the red Led will on and this will aslo activate the fan Sms alert will be send to the user If the user reply the sms sent by the system the fan will off If the temperature is below 26 C blue Led will light up The fan is off and an alert sms will not be sent to the user Microcontroller Arduino Uno DC Power Supply 12V UPPIY Temperature Temperature gt 26 C lt 26 C Red LED ON Blue LED ON Fan OFF SMS send to user SMS Receive by the user User reply SMS Figure 1 3 Overview of SHTC CHAPTER 2 THEORY AND LITERATURE REVIEW 2 0 Introduction This chapter
24. e and the red Led will light up then both will turn off 30 In the first semester the fans and the GSM SIM900 is still not bought because of money problem Therefore the LCD and the Leds is test out first However a fan from the laptop cooling pad is used first to test out the LM35 sensor Below is the overview of the first prototype without the GSM module Figure 4 5 Preliminary devices connection From the figure 4 5 The LM35 is connected to anaog pin A0 of arduino the blue Led to digital pin 8 of arduino red Led to digital pin 12 and the fan is connected to digital pin 3 of arduino The fan using the power from the battery so that the fan can rotates faster Transistor NPN is used to supply the power from 9V battery to the fan The coding for the fisrt protoype without the GSM module is appendix A3 31 4 4 2 Final Result The final result will include two LM35 temperature sensor two fans DC Motor LCD display two red Leds two blue Leds and SIM900 GSM Shield The LM35 temperature sensor will measure the temperature inside two mini rooms The temperature will be display on the LCD If the temperature goes beyond 26 C the red Led will light on and the SMS from the system will be sent to the user The user will receive the alert SMS indicating that whether mini room 1 or mini room 2 is hot User can choose whether to reply the SMS or not If the SMS is replied the cooling system will be turn off If the SMS
25. elligent Temperature Control System College of Information Beijing Union University Beijing 2010 9 Aurel Cornel Stanca Venetia Sandu Remus Vaduva Oszkar Neneth Distributed System for Indoor Temperature Control Transilvania University of Brasov 2012 10 Joo Tick Lim Azizan Abu Samah Weather and Climate of Malaysia University of Malaya Press 2004 Pg 5 53 159 170 11 Aminatuzuhariah Megat Abdullah Introduction to Environmental Management System UTM Press First Ed 2007 Pg 20 30 12 Dogan Ibrahim Microcontroller Based Temperature Monitoring and Control Newnes Publication Wilwood Avenue 2002 First Edition Pg 55 61 APPENDICES Al Programming code to display temperature value to LCD include lt LiquidCrystal h gt LiguidCrystal lcd 6 7 8 9 10 11 float templ int temp1Pin 0 void setup Serial begin 9600 Lcd begin 16 2 Serial printIn Temperature Sensor Value void loop templ analogRead temp 1 Pin templ templ 0 48828125 delay 1000 templ templ 0 48828125 delay 1000 Serial println templ Icd clear Icd setCursor 1 0 Icd print temp1 Icd print temp1 delay 100 A2 Programming code for Leds int BlueLed A5 int RedLed A4 void setup pinMode BlueLed OUTPUT pinMode RedLed OUTPUT void loopQ analog Write BlueLed HIGH analog Write RedLed LOW delay 10
26. erstanding of the project research 41 Flowchart From the flowchart as shown in figure 4 1 the process begins with reading value from temperature sensors and displays the reading on Liguid Crystal Display LCD 16x02cm The decision will be taken when the temperature is out of range The range for in house starting hot temperature is 26 C When the temperature is below 26 C the blue Led will turn on while the cooling system will not turn on but when the temperature is above 26 C the red Led will turn on and the cooling system will also turn on When the temperature goes above 26 C the GSM will send SMS Its is up to the user whether tp reply it or not When the user reply the SMS or 26 sending the SMS to the system the fan will automatically of regardless of the temperature value The process in the flowchart is a basic idea for automatic temperature control LCD display temperature Temperature Fan OFF gt gt 26 C LED Blue ON LED Red ON Yes Fan OFF Figure 4 1 Flowchart diagram of the whole process of SHTC 27 42 Main Component With GSM Module Figure 4 2 below shows the main components that are already available and attached to one another Two fans and two temperature sensors is attached to the main body The GSM Shield is attached to the Arduino Uno LEDs LCD Temperature sensors and fans are connected to the GSM Shield using Arduino Uno pins Figure 4 3 shows the connection of LCD Leds DC Moto
27. igital Write fanI LOW digitalWrite fan2 LOW delay 10000 else if templ lt 26 amp amp temp2 gt 26 pos 180 digital Write fan1 LOW digital Write fan2 HIGH digital Write led1 HIGH digital Write led2 LOW digital Write led3 LOW digital Write led4 HIGH if gsm begin 2400 Serial println Instatus READY started true else Serial println nstatus IDLE if started if sms SendSMS 601136559465 Temp2 Exceed 26 Serial printIn nSMS sent OK delay 60000 if started if gsm readSMS smsbuffer 160 n 20 Serial println n Serial println smsbuffer digital Write fanI LOW digital Write fan2 LOW delay 10000 delay 3000 ig
28. l average daily temperature max average daily temperature min Climate Graph for Kuala Lumpur Source BBC Weather Figure 2 6 Average temperature and humidity for Kuala Lumpur Figure 2 6 shows the average maximum temperature red and average minimum temperature blue in Malaysia Figure 2 7 shows the climate for Kuala Lumpur From both the figures we can conclude that the temperature in Malaysia is quite hot and humid This temperature will affect the in house temperature and owner will need to use cooling system as 16 the weather is hot The cooling system such as air conditioners will use a lot of power therefore the owner need to pay a large amount of money for the usage of air conditioners Therefore the SHTC is design for home appliances for better comfort and to save electricity consumption This devices function to turn on off according to owner s need or instructions CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3 0 Introduction This chapter will briefly explain about the flow of the project the components used and the expected outcome 3 1 Hardware Implementation 3 1 1 DC Motor The fan used is 12V 0 3 A The size of the fan is 8 5cm x 8 5cm Since the fan uses 12V 0 3A an external power sources to the fan must be applied so that the fan can rotates faster 18 The microcontroller used does not have enough power or volt to move the fan Therefore for each fan a 9V battery is used 3 1 2 1602 HD44780 Cha
29. lert the user when the temperature inside house is hot that is more than 26 C whether the owner is at home or not 26 C is choosen as the maximum average comfortable temperature where if the temperature is higher than that the people at the house will not be comfortable The owner can decide to turn on the cooling system by replying the sms that is send by the system or by turn it on manually vi ABSTRAK Pengawalan suhu adalah proses dimana perubahan suhu diukur atau dikesan dan suhu diubah untuk mendapatkan suhu purata Dalam projek ini sensor haba LM35 digunakan untuk mengukur suhu persekitaran dalam degree Celcius Projek ini adalah berdasarkan cuaca di Malaysia yang mempunyai suhu dan kelembapan yang tinggi angin yang perlahan dan hujan sepanjang tahun Tambahan lagi pada cuaca yang sangat panas suhu di dalam rumah akan menjadi lebih panas berbanding suhu di luar rumah sekurang kurangnya tinggi sebanyak 1 C jika pengguna tidak menggunakan sebarang alat penyejukan Projek ini membantu pengguna untuk mengawal suhu dengan senang walaupun pengguna tiada di rumah Ia juga bertujuan untuk keselesaan di dalam rumah dan juga untuk mengurangkan penggunaan elektrik bagi sistem penyejukan seperti kipas dan penghawa dingin Projek ini akan menggunakan model rumah yang ringkas yang mempunyai dua bilik dua sensor dan dua kipas sebagai agen penyejukan Dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller yang digabungkan bersama modul GSM sistem ini akan memberit
30. oors and windows closea By using air conditioners or fan the temperature inside house can be decreases However using air conditioners will consume a lot of electricity especially when it is always turn on Using fan continuously will also reduce the fan capabilities over time The bigger problem is when the owner is not around but forgot to turn off the cooling systems This will surely waste money on electrical bill because the cooling system such as air conditioners and fans is not turn off Figure 7 shows the result of indoor environmental conditions in modern low income house where it shows that the maximum comfort temperature inside house is around 28 C 1 2 Objective of Project 1 To design a user temperature control system that can be controlled remotely by sms 2 To develop a control scheme for sustainable home temperature control 3 To determine the performance over time and analysis of the home temperature for better comfort ability inside house 1 3 Scope of Project This project will be using a house model with two rooms for two fans that functioning as cooling system for the house Size of each rooms is about 25cm x 35cm The temperature sensor in a ranged of from 55 C to 150 C from thermistor type temperature sensor and Integrated Centigrade Temperature Sensor LM35 This project is specifically for Malaysia weather with temperature in the range of 20 C to 40 C 1 4 Outline of Thesis This thesis consist of six
31. r and temperature sensors to Arduino Uno Figure 4 2 SHTC Devices 28 EEE Wd Figure 4 3 shows the connection of Arduino Uno LCD LEDs DC Motors and temperature sensors 4 3 Block Diagram Figure 4 4 below shows the block diagram of Sustainable Home Temperature Control Device where it begins with the temperature sensors that will send feedback to the microcontroller Arduino Uno The Leds and fans will activated based on the temperature value whether it is hot or cold LCD will display the temperature value and an alarm will triggered if the temperature is above 26 C This will cause the system to alert the user by sending sms and the user can choose whether to deeactivate the fans or not by replying sms if the user want to deactivate it 29 Trigger alarm when Temperature out of range Sensors 8 Microcontroller Arduino Uno LCD Display Figure 4 4 BlocK diagram of sustainable Temperature Control 4 4 Result 4 4 1 Preliminary Result The preliminary result is result obtain from the first semester of Final Year Project During the first semester the result is more on the learning on how to program and assemble the component used In appendix Al show the coding for the LM35 temperature sensor and display it on the LCD and computer monitor In Appendix A2 shows the coding for the Red and Blue Led to light up Blue Led is light up first then the red Led will light up After one second the blu
32. r the temperature reading b GSM Testing c Indicate that GSM is Ready d SMS is sent amp comis OE Send RIC a CMGL 1 BEC UNFEAD 601134559465 14 05 11 13 HCMGL 2 REC UNREAD 691136559465 14 0S 11 13 Ehg SMS Reply Hog REC TREND 4691136553485 7 84 05 09 23 ko vw gt M Autoscrol No line ending w 9600baud Figure 4 15e Serial print from the computer shows the GSM process for the SMS Reply Figure 4 15a show the temperature reading from the surrounding When the temperature exceed 26 C the GSM Shield SIM900 will be tested first as shown in figure 4 15b Figure 4 15c show the GSM is ready whether to send or receive sms while Figure 4 15d show the sms is sent by the Sim900 GSM Module Figure 4 14e show sms is replied by the user The coding for overall process is shown in appendix A4 A1 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 51 Conclusion The SHTC will be a better solution to users who have problems especially when forgotting to turn off the cooling system The user can turn off the cooling system without having to go back to their home However since the device only uses a mere 12V DC power supply and operates at 5V power it is not suitable to be used using a real fan especially an air conditioner This project shows how the user can automatically control the cooling system by an automated sytem and simply using sms
33. racter LCD Display Module Liguid Crystal Display with blue backlight The instruction of each pin is shown in table 3 1 below Table 3 1 LCD s pin instruction No Symbol Pin instruction No Symbol Pin instruction 1 VSS GND 9 D2 Data 2 VDD Positive 10 D3 Data 3 VL LCD Bias voltage 11 D4 Data 4 RS Data Command choice 12 D5 Data 5 R W Read Write choice 13 D6 Data 6 E Enable signal 14 D7 Data 7 DO Data 15 BLA Back light anode 8 DI Data 16 BLK Back light cathode The first pin VSS means GND The second pin VDD connect 5v The third pin VL is the terminal of LCD for adjusting the contrast Connecting anode the contrast is weak connecting GND contrast is high Contrast is too high which will result in ghost 10k potentiometer can be used to adjust the contrast in operation The fourth pin It is register choice High level choose data register Low level choose instruction register 19 The fifth pin R W is signal wire of read and write High level execute read Low level execute write When RS and R W are at low level simultaneously you can write command or show address When RS amp R W are at high level simultaneously you can read the busy signal When RS is at high level and R W is at low level you can write data The sixth pin E terminal is enable terminal When E terminal becomes from high level to low level LCD module
34. rded temperature into PC The device will only display the current temperature on its LCD display and store the previous reading 2 1 2 Bluetooth Digital Thermometer for Android Devices Figure 2 1 Bluetooth Digital Thermometer Watch Figure 2 1 shows the Bluetooth Digital Thermometer Watch where it can monitor body temperature wirelessly on Android Phone or Tablet via Bluetooth The upper and lower temperature can be set the alarms will be triggered to owner s phone when the temperature is out of range The LCD display on the watch will display the current temperature value 2 1 3 Thermofocus TH1500A3 Non Contact Clinical Thermometer Figure 2 2 Thermofocus TH1500A3 Non Contact Clinical Thermometer 10 Figure 2 2 shows the Thermofocus Non Contact Clinical Thermometer where it is the most modern advance and safe device to measure body temperature It is the first non contact medical thermometer that enables the temperature of adults and children to be taken without touching the skin simply by moving the thermometer close to the forehead at the distance indicated by the device It uses infrared technology to instantly read the core body temperature at the forehead by taking the temperature at the temporal artery 3 Thermofocus is non invasive totally hygienic and non irritating to babies and patients The thermofocus can also measure the temperature at the navel or armpit and can be set to Fahrenheit or Celsius 22 Temperatu
35. re Control System Temperature control system is a process where the temperature is being controlled automatically or manually by the user 7 Temperature controller is commonly used in industrial and air conditioning system Its main function is to control the temperature by adjusting the heating or cooling element so that the temperature will drop or rise according to user s specification Below are the example of temperature control system devices and its specifications 11 2 2 1 Controller for Beer Fermentation and Kegerator Figure 2 3 Temperature controller device for beer fermentation and kegerator Figure 2 3 shows the temperature controller for beer fermentation and kegerator This device has one output for cooling control and another for heating control It can be used for beer fermentation or convert refrigerator to kegerator By using both cooling and heating devices the refrigerator can be controlled at specific temperature regardless in hot summer or cold winter This controller is a plug and play controller Both the heating and cooling control modes are simple on off control similar to a mechanical thermostat but with much higher precision due to adjustable hysteresis band precision sensor and digital read out Anti short function is provided for cooling to protect the compressor from being turned on with high pressure The advantage is being much more reliable in moisture environment than thermistor sensor It can be
36. re sensor whose output is linearly proportional to the Celsius Centigrade temperature It does not reguire any external calibration or trimming like SN TEMP MOD to provide typical accuracies of 1 4 C at room temperature over a full 55 C to 150 C temperature range Figure 3 3 shows the upper view of LM35 where it has three pins which is Vs pin for voltage to the LM35 Vout for voltage to the microcontroller aad GND for ground av To 200 TO Plastic Package Vs Vour GN LM35 OUTPUT S Vout GND 0 mV 10 0 mV C E BOTTOM VIEW Figure 3 2 LM35 Schematic diagram Figure 3 3 LM35 Upper view 21 3 1 4 SIM900 GSM Shield GSM is known as Global System of Mobile Communication It is being used as standard for nowadays in our cell phone Over 200 countries and 2 billion people are using it as a phone today GSM would work any place as long as the signal network is available SIM900 can be used in a wide range of application For this project SIM900 is used for sending and receive SMS only Table 3 2 below shows the features of SIM900 Table 3 2 SIM900 GSM Shield Features Feature Explaination Power Supply 3 2V 4 8V Power Saving Typical power consumption in sleep mode is 1 0mA Freguency Bands SIM900 Ouad band can search the 4 freguency bands automatically Compliant to GSM Phase 2 2 Temperature Range Normal operation 30 C 80 C Restricted operation 40 C 30 C and 80 C
37. sent from the system The high temperature will result in the system sending sms to the user to alert the user about the rising temperature value whether in mini room 1 or mini room 2 as shown in Figure 4 13 The sms will state whether mini room 1 or mini room 2 or both rooms is hot 39 Figure 4 14 User reply the received SMS User can decide whether to reply sms or not By replying the sms as shown in Figure 4 14 user can turn off the fans even if the room is hot Even without notification about the exceeding temperature user can still send sms to the system to turn off the fans Any text or words can be used to send to the system The system will send sms again after six hour after receiving the sms from the user if the temperature maintain above 26 C during those six hour Below shows the details about how the sms is send and receive by the user o COM15 cc COM15 EN Send 4 Autoscroll No ine ending w 9600 baud a Read Temperature Sensor w 7 Autoscroll No line ending w 9600baud w b GSM testing 40 oa COMI5 REU COM S oa Send 57 status READT D SMS TEST DEBUG vw vw 4 Autoscrall Na line ending w 9600 baud a 2 Autoscrall No line ending 9500 bauet w c GSM is Ready d sms is Sent Figure 4 15 Serial print from the computer shows the GSM process a fo
38. v LIST OF SYMBOLS Temperature type integrated centigrade temperature sensor Liguid Crystal Display Sustainable Home Temperature Control System Degree Celsius Velocity Personal Computer Universal Serial Bus Short Message Service Integrated circuit Central Processing Unit Ampere millimeter Volt Light Emitting Diode Global System of Mobile communication Al A2 A3 A4 LIST OF APPENDICES Programming code to display temperature value to LCD Programming code for Leds Programming code for device without GSM SHTC s Programming code XV CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 0 Background Temperature control is a process where the temperature change is measured or detected and the temperature is adjusted to achieve a desired temperature A home thermostat is an example of a closed control loop that constantly accesses the room temperature In this project LM35 temperature sensor is used for measure the surrounding temperature LM35 are precision integrated circuit temperature sensors that measure temperature in degree Celsius There are many devices that can monitor temperature but not many that can control the temperature to a desired average temperature by using cooling system or heater Temperature control system is popular nowadays especially in industrial environment where certain things need to have constant temperature There are also many temperature sensors with for different range of temperature Figure 1 0 shows
39. will discuss about the theory behind Sustainable Home Temperature Control System and the literature review on this project The literature review is on previous works that have been done commercially and academically Works done are compared to the thesis scope of work to determine the improvements that has been made in the temperature monitoring system 21 Temperature Monitoring System Temperature monitoring is a process of reading temperature from time to time 12 It is commonly used in many industrial processes and also used for home appliances The main function of the temperature monitoring system is only to monitor temperature without doing anything to adjusting the temperature It solely purposes is to show the temperature reading to users Below are the example of temperature monitoring devices and its specifications 2 1 1 Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring Figure 2 0 Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring Device Figure 2 0 shows the Data Logger Aids Temperature Monitoring Device designed by Lec Medical Company It can be used for pharmacies hospitals laboratories and clinics This device is capable of measuring and storing up to 16 378 temperature readings over a 35 C to 80 C range 2 The data inside the device can be downloaded by plugging the data logger into a PC s USB port In other words this device is solely function to record temperature which can typically allow logging for up to one year and display the reco
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