Wael Jendli - Simon Fraser University
Contents
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3. Cycle Bright Solutions February 17 2014 Dr Andrew Rawicz School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Re ENSC 440 Functional Specification for a Bicycle Smart Helmet Dear Dr Rawicz Please accept the following document as a functional specification for our Smart Helmet project We aim to design and implement a bicycle helmet that makes biking a safer and more enjoyable experience for the community Our design consists of a helmet with mainly break and turn signals that help bikers announce their presence and intentions to other road users The purpose of this functional specification is to present an overview of the functionality of the proposed product without extreme design content Our team will use this document through the completion of the product Cycle Bright Solutions consists of five determined and talented 4 year engineering students Wael Jendli Arta Ahrabi Chakaveh Ahmadizade Ahmed Medhioub and Ibrahim Appiah If you have any questions or concerns about our functional specification please feel free to contact Ahmed Medhioub at 778 829 7307 or by email at amedhiou 9 sfu ca Sincerely Wael Jendk Wael Jendli Chief Executive Officer Cycle Bright Solutions Enclosure Functional Specification for a Bicycle Smart Helmet Qe Cycle Bright Solutions m Functional Specification Functional Specification for a Bicycle Smart Helmet Project Team Chakaveh Ahmadizade Arta Ahrabi
4. Ibrahim Appiah Wael Jendli Ahmed Medhioub Contact Person Ahmed Medhioub amedhiou sfu ca Submitted to Dr Andrew Rawicz ENSC 440 Steve Whitmore ENSC 305 School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Issued Date February 17 2014 Revision 1 1 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions Executive Summary Over the last year cyclists in Vancouver were involved in 1400 incidents on average with 100 injuries rate according to ICBC Most of those accidents were the consequence of miscommunication between cyclists and other road users especially when turning or changing lanes Indeed cyclists need to use hand signals while keeping the other hand on the handle which makes it hard to keep a straight line Thus the objective of our project is to provide cyclists with a safer and more enjoyable riding experience through our smart helmet In fact we are designing and implementing turn signals and brake lights at the back of the helmet that can be triggered wirelessly without taking the hands off the handle To make the helmet more attractive it will have Bluetooth capabilities and the ability to connect it to a phone or a music device without the safety of the cyclists at risk The helmet could be used as well for other activities s such as skate boarding or rollers The development of this product will be done in three stages two development stages to obtain a proof of concept and a third stage to obtain a final production product
5. 5 Fall detection Unit Test Plan In order to get the best performance out of the fall detection sensors test scenarios must be conducted including free falling and minor shocks and vibrations The results of these tests should be then further used to calibrate the sensor in order to avoid false results 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 12 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions PM Functional Specification 10 Conclusion The functional specifications for Cycle Bright Solutions have been presented in this document The requirements given are tentative and will be modified as needed during the completion of the project Cycle Bright Solutions is committed to provide an effective solution to improve the safety of cyclists Our team is excited to propose the first Cycle Bright Solutions product the Smart Helmet This product will introduce a safer way to communicate between cyclists and other vehicles and reduce the percentage of accidents Among the wide range of helmets already available on the market our approach for this smart helmet is relatively inexpensive safe and comfortable to use and we hope that it will kick start a whole new generation of helmets We at Cycle Bright Solutions hope these functional specifications will supply our audiences with necessary required information regarding the product 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 13 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions p Functional Specification 11 References 1 Unknown Cycling and tra
6. This devices is crucial to the safety of the rider and to others road users Therefore we will design and test this device such that it meets the standard requirements 4 1 General Requirements R74 Il The LED used shall cover the whole back of the helmet for an extended visibility R75 Il The colors used for the LED shall be conform with the standard traffic patterns and not confusing to the road users 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 8 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions PEN Functional Specification R76 II The luminance of the LED shall be comparable with those of cars to ensure visibility in different weather conditions R77 II The turn signals and the break section shall be highly distinguishable from a distance of at least 10 meters R78 II The LEDs shall provide a wide light angle R79 II The turn signals shall flash until switched off by the user R80 II The LEDs used shall be waterproof and durable against normal use and wear 4 2 Electrical and Safety Requirements R81 II The LEDs shall have an operating point of 3 12 Volts R82 II The LEDs shall be powered by rechargeable Lithium batteries R83 III The LEDs shall have minimal heat dissipation and be well insulated R84 II The LEDs shall not emit any luminance that can endanger the sight of other road users 5 Microcontroller Unit Requirements The controlling unit consists of an Arduino microcontroller and an RF receiver The main purpose of this unit is to assur
7. as follows Development stage e Build the main functionality of the Helmet i e the turning signals e A Portable triggering circuit to turn on and off the corresponding lights Development stage ll e Additional features are added to the Helmet e Fall detection and notification should be added to the helmet e Bluetooth capabilities are integrated with the system At the end of the second stage a working proof of concept should be delivered no later than the 15 April 2014 Furthermore the helmet should comply with any standards and regulation and should continue to provide its main purpose of keeping the cyclists safe from brain damages or major concussions In the following document detailed functional specifications are outlined for the system as well as for its main subsystems Thus it is intended to be used by the designers developers and testers of the system as guideline and updated as necessary 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions ii Qe Cycle Bright Solutions Table of Contents Executive SUMMaFY ERSTES CIE TETUITE TOOL TETTE ii MAIS f COMLCTIUS eT M iii List of figures and tables iuo rendue pni Ur Rad lxx uc Ee XP ZEE e QA KEY EON aaae iv MOSS ONY MM NH iv 2 IMPEORAUCTION e n 1 MST SCO o 1 EDT 1 1 2 IMEC NGO AUIS IIE c 1 1 3 CIASSUEI CANNON os sand even T
8. shocks and falls 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 10 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions f PES Functional Specification 8 User Documentation R107 III The user manual shall include the logo of the company a contact number and a potential website address R108 III The user manual should be intuitive and should be targeted to a general audience without electrical background R109 III The user manual shall provide a step by step guide on how to install and service the SBH accompanied with illustrative pictures R110 III The user manual shall be written in English 9 System Test Plan In order to ensure high performance of the system and for easier debugging process unit testing will be conducted as well as regression testing after adding any modules to the system For instance after the first stage of the development thorough testing will be conducted to ensure that the implemented features work perfectly as expected Indeed the triggering circuit should be able to send correct signals and the microcontroller should be able to decode the signal and switch on the correct LED section After the second stage of development the whole system should be working without interference or degradation of the previously tested modules Unit testing should be conducted as follows 9 1 Triggering Unit Test Plan e Signal Buttons o Use tow LEDs one turned on by flicking switch to right and the other one turned on by moving it to left e Brake trig
9. to remove one hand from the handle bar to perform hand motions that might throw them off balance and even then they may be not even be feasible at times due to variety of factors such as grade or conditions of the road Furthermore these hand signals can be hard to see in low light conditions To address these issues the Cycle Bright Solutions helmets will feature an RGB LED panel at the back of the helmet that can display left and right signals as well as brake lights to warn the other cars in a timely manner Thus the Smart Helmet will help the riders to signal their directions at any time of day without requiring them to remove their hands from the handlebar The Cycle Bright Solutions offers an exclusive and unique product that will provide several useful features to outdoor sport enthusiasts such as signalling Bluetooth capabilities and potentially geo location services The requirements for this smart helmet as proposed by the Cycle Bright Solutions are described in this functional specification 1 1 Scope The scope of this document is to outline the functional requirement of Cycle Bright Solutions helmets This document describes the functionality of the system including the microcontroller LED signals triggering circuit Bluetooth capabilities and the overall system functionality Furthermore all detailed function requirements will be discussed which will be used as a guide during the design development and testing of the product
10. 0 meters for Wifi and Bluetooth After decoding the signal the corresponding LED signal should be on with the possibility of being turned off as per the user request At the end of this stage the helmet should be able to respond to the user input and display the proper signal A potential resulting design from this stage is illustrated in Figure 3 Figure 3 Concept design proposed by Filczer 4 2 1 2 Development stage II After designing the main functionality of the SBH this development stage will focus on adding the break trigger the fall notification system and the Bluetooth speaker The break trigger should be integrated with the previous triggering circuit with minimal wiring to insure the portability of the system When the user breaks the breaks LED signal should turn on and automatically turn off when the break is released The main constraint with this part of the triggering is 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 4 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions PEN Functional Specification that the breaks are a mechanical action of the bike that needs to be detected and then wirelessly sent to the microcontroller without any significant modification to the bike In addition the fall detection sensor is to be implemented and integrated during this phase of the development The sensor should detect free falls when the user falls from their bike due to incident This event must result in a flashing state of the LEDs simulating the hazardous ligh
11. CE Febr D bak eb DER EFE quU rix E NEZ KIM aaisen aeisi 12 9 5 Fall detection Unit Test PIanscsosevunirkt bh kao LX DE POHON NE ELEPASRS Cp nV FEED UNDER EE EAR UE Md EARN 12 T0 Cac IU SION a ecce a Ar PARERE EERASRENEFRERYERFEUMR ONE UIS OUR S RPER A E PN E DRIN EUE 13 RM Lp P Ecc 14 List of figures and tables Figure 1 High Level Smart Bicycle Helmet Block Diagram esessesesese eene 3 Figure 2 Example of control box triggering circuit 2 ccccccecccssceceessececeeseceeecseeeceeseeeeeeesaeeeseeseeeeeees 4 Figure 3 Concept design proposed by Filczer 4 cccsssccccccsssessssseceeecesseseseaeceeecesseseaaeaeeeescsssessaeaeeeeeens 4 Glossary BLE Bluetooth Low Energy ICBC Insurance Corporation of British Columbia LED Light Emitting Diode MCU Microcontroller Unit RF Radio frequency RGB Red Green Blue SBH Smart Bicycle Helmet Wifi Wireless Fidelity 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions iv Qe Cycle Bright Solutions P Functional Specification 1 Introduction Cycle Bright Solutions believe that the current helmets can greatly benefit from the advancements of technology by the creation of a smart helmet We aim to create a helmet which will increase the safety of riders by making it easier for cars and cyclists to communicate with each other The conventional hand signals are inadequate at best and downright dangerous at worst 1 They require the cyclist
12. e proper integration of all subunits Indeed the MCU will receive signals from triggering unit or other sensors and output the according command to the LED strips 5 1 General Requirements R85 II The microcontroller shall receive the signals from triggering unit via an RF receiver R86 II Jumper wires shall be used to connect external units to the microcontroller R87 II The microcontroller shall be powered by Lithium batteries 5 2 Physical Requirements R88 I An Arduino Uno or Arduino Mega shall be used as the microcontroller due to its compact R89 I The microcontroller shall have low power capabilities R90 I The unit shall fit in a small waterproof case R91 II The unit shall be light weighted R92 II The unit shall be installed on the bicycle helmet R93 III Wearable microcontroller shall be used for final product 5 2 Electrical Requirements R94 II The operating voltage shall be of 3 5 V for microcontroller R95 II Lithium rechargeable batteries shall be used for better eco friendly behaviour 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 9 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions f PES Functional Specification 6 Speaker Unit Requirements The speaker is a wireless Bluetooth accessory device that is attached to the system It provides connectivity with any Bluetooth enabled audio devices It can also serve as speaker for the rider to take phone calls Given the functions of this device we will design and test it such that it meets the
13. ffic skills Online Available http www bikesense bc ca ch4 htm 20 Jan 2014 2 Buztronics 2012 Buztronics Signal Pod Wireless Rear Turn Signal Online Available http www amazon com Buztronics Signal Wireless Rear Turn dp BOO7BWRIMA 26 Jan 2014 3 Tomislav Stimac Definition of frequency bands VLF ELF etc Online Available http www vif it frequency bands html 25 Jan 2014 4 J Heimbuch 5 March 2013 The ultimate helmet has embedded turn signal lights Online Available http www treehugger com gadgets ultimate bike helmet has embedded turn signal lights html 20 Jan 2014 5 Ministry of Justice 2012 Motorcycle Safety the Rider and the Gear Online Available http www pssg gov bc ca osmv road safety motorcycles html 16 February 2014 6 Unknown 2012 2012 Editors Choice Best Helmets Online Available http www bicycling com node 60315 17 February 2014 7 Motor Vehicle Act 16 August 1996 Bicycle Safety Helmet Online Available http www bclaws ca EPLibraries bclaws new document ID freeside 234 96 16 February 2014 8 Bluetooth SIG Inc 2013 Bluetooth Smart Technology Powering the Internet of Things Online Available http www bluetooth com Pages Bluetooth Smart aspx 17 February 2014 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 14
14. ger o Use an LED that will turn on if the brake is used e RF Transmitter o Use the RF receiver and four LEDs Each LED is turned on by one of the four combinations of sent signals e Integrated Triggering Unit o Once the individual top components are working as described the whole triggering circuit is assembled Signal buttons or brake triggers should be successfully sent via the RF transmitter and the corresponding LED should turn on 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 11 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions EM Functional Specification 9 2 LED Unit Test Plan To test the LEDs a software test framework should be written to simulate the triggering and choose different colors and different patterns of the LED strip When the above is tested the LED and the triggering should be integrated and tested to obtain the first working stage of the proof of concept 9 3 Microcontroller Unit Test Plan To test the microcontroller unit and explore its full capability sample projects will be run first to get used to the programming style and the connections of the unit In addition the microcontroller should be integrated with the LEDs and the triggering circuit to make sure that decoding is correctly done and that the MCU is capable of driving the LED unit 9 4 Speaker Unit Test Plan Testing the speaker and microphone unit can be done separately by pairing it with a Bluetooth capable audio device and making sure that audio can be received and transmitted 9
15. handles R63 II Turn signal switch shall be at least 20 mm wide in dimension R64 II RF transmitter has a range greater than 1 5 meters and shall not interfere with other devices 3 3 Mechanical Requirements Brake Trigger R65 II The brake trigger shall not interfere with the break functionality R66 III The brake trigger shall be installed between brake lever and bicycle handlebar R67 1II The brake trigger shall be installed on both brakes and connected to the RF transmitter 3 4 Usability Requirements R68 II Triggers shall be self explanatory and intuitive R69 III Triggers shall be selected and placed so that unintentional input is avoided R70 II Natural mapping shall be used for visual feedback and signal switches R71 lll The amount of modifications to the handle shall be minor R72 II Trigger Buttons shall be easy to move and flick R73 III The control box shall be light weight and considered as an accessories for the helmet 4 LED Unit Requirements The LED lights serve as a notification device giving feedback to the rider s surrounding as to what they are doing In other words it notifies pedestrians on the street and other motorists what the cyclist s next intentions are going to be by illuminating LED s to the right on the helmet when the rider signals to go to the right and to the left when the rider signals to go left also when the rider decides to break a red LED lights illuminates at the back of the helmet
16. ight snow conditions The SBH shall operate normally in a sea elevation that goes up to 2000 meters 2 6 Reliability and Durability R26 III R27 III R28 II R29 II R30 II The SBH shall be weather resistant and waterproof The SBH shall be durable for daily normal usage and shall not show signs of wear The SBH shall be relatively accessible to change the batteries or service the LEDs The SBH shall not have an excessive heat dissipation that might endanger the user The lights on the Helmet shall be bright enough to be seen in fog or during day time 2 7 Sustainability and Safety R31 III R32 II R33 III R34 III R35 II R36 II R37 II R38 II 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions The SBH shall be made of recyclable material and eco friendly components Rechargeable Lithium batteries shall be used to power the SBH The user shall be able to recharge the SBH as a whole system An eco friendly charging unit shall be mounted to the bike to use energy produced by the user while cycling The SBH shall be safe to use and shall secure the head from any potential accidents The SBH shall not have any interference with the brain All components shall be well insulated and secure from any electric shock dangers The Helmet shall be made from non conductive material to avoid lightning effects Qe Cycle Bright Solutions Cu Functional Specification 2 8 Usability Requirements R39 II The SBH shall be user friendly and self e
17. minimal setup and wiring to the bike R10 III The SBH shall conform to the usual helmets in shape size weight and material used 2 3 Electrical Requirements R11 II The power provided should be sufficient to power up all the components of the SBH R12 III The power supply must last for a usual day of cycling up to 10 hours R13 III The power supply must be eco friendly and rechargeable R14 III On bike recharging unit might be adopted for further revisions of the SBH R15 II All components of the SBH must have an operating point of 3 12V 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 5 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions M Functional Specification 2 4 Physical Requirements R16 II R17 III R18 III R19 II R20 III R21 II The Helmet shall be light weight waterproof and of a standard size and shape 5 The Helmet shall be of adjustable size to fit almost every user The SBH shall be fully compact and look appealing to a broad range of users The SBH shall have an ear cover to suppress neighbouring noise The Helmet shall be comfortable fits securely and provide ample ventilation 6 The triggering circuit should be portable and with a size not exceeding 5x5x3 cm 2 5 Environmental Requirements R22 III R23 III R24 III R25 III The SBH shall deliver the same performance under different weather conditions The SBH shall operate normally under a temperature range of 5 35 C The SBH shall operate in heavy rains and l
18. ollowing high level system block diagram in figure 1 Trigger Circuit Microcontroller gt RGB LED Signals Fall Detection Sensors Audio Devices Built in Speakers Microphone Figure 1 High Level Smart Bicycle Helmet Block Diagram The smart Helmet consists of two main subsystems which can be designed implemented and tested separately then further integrated Due to the time and budget constraints the proof of concept will be built through two development stages 2 1 1 Development stage I The main goal of the Smart Helmet is to replace the hand signals by turn signals that can be easily triggered by the user Thus the first stage of the development will focus solely in delivering such functionality In other words this phase will be dedicated to the design and implementation of the triggering circuit and its synchronization with the microcontroller which will be responsible for turning on and switching off the LED signals as per the user request 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 3 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions D Functional Specification The user is able to select the direction of their intended turn via a self explanatory control box similar to the one presented in figure 2 Figure 2 Example of control box triggering circuit 2 To avoid interference the signals from the control box should be sent wirelessly via radio frequency RF which has a limited range of 1 10 meters 3 compared to the wider range of 3
19. ransmitter 3 1 General Requirements RA48 II Primary means of user input shall be through a set of buttons and switches R49 II Triggers shall be easy to use with least amount of focus R50 III All parts of the triggering unit shall be easily installed on any bicycle R51 II Triggering unit shall provide efficient feedback to the user to avoid confusion R52 II Triggering unit shall not distract user from the road R53 II RF shall have four combinations of signals A B C and D to select different triggers R54 II RF transmitter shall transmit one of four combinations to the receiver to transfer the user inputs to the microcontroller R55 I Brake trigger shall send brake signal to receiver when one of the brakes is used 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 7 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions EM Functional Specification 3 2 Physical Requirements R56 III Final casing of all elements shall be resistant to shocks and accidents R57 III Triggering unit shall be waterproof and water resistant R58 III Signal switch triggers shall be installed on the left handle of the bike for easier accessibility R59 III Brake triggers shall be installed on both brakes and triggered automatically R60 II When triggering the turn signals corresponding visual feedback shall be given R61 III All triggers that need user interaction shall be accessible without interfering with the bicycle control R62 II All triggers shall be placed on bicycle
20. standard requirements 6 1 General Requirements R96 II The Bluetooth speaker shall be water resistant and shall to continue working in extreme weather conditions such as heavy rain light snow or high temperature R97 II The maximum sound levels shall be between 30 115 dB R98 III The speaker shall ensure that the user is not totally isolated from his environment to ensure their safety R99 II The speaker and microphone shall be compatible with most devices R100 II The speaker unit shall be easy to pair and intuitive to use 7 Fall Detection Requirements The Fall Detection part of the SBH is responsible of detecting any free falls of the user due to an accident The main difficulty remains in determining such events accurately with a small percentage of false negative In other words the Fall Detection should not be triggered by bumpy roads or other extreme road environments 7 1 General Requirements R101 II The sensor responsible for fall detection shall be small and compact to fit within the SBH R102 II The Fall Detection sensors shall be calibrated to avoid fall negative results R103 II When a fall is detected the SBH should flash in red color simulating hazardous light 7 2 Physical Requirements R104 III The sensor shall be hidden from the user without jeopardizing its functionalities R105 III The sensor should get its power directly from the microcontroller R106 III The sensor shall be robust enough to endure
21. to ensure a safe and reliable user experience The specifications and design of some components may change during the testing stage in order to maximize the performance of the system 1 2 Intended Audience The functional specification is intended for use by all members of Cycle Bright Solutions Our team should refer to this document in every phase of development to guarantee that the final product meets the predefined function requirements This document will also help the marketing department of Cycle Bright Solutions team find investors or advertise for the finalized product 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 1 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions PEM Functional Specification 1 3 Classification The functional requirement specification is shown as follows Rn p R is an abbreviation for requirement n is the functional requirement number and p stands for one the following three development phases Proof of Concept stage Il Ongoing developing both proof of concept and final production stage lll Final production stage 2014 Cycle Bright Solutions 2 Qe Cycle Bright Solutions oe Functional Specification 2 System Requirements The general system requirements and specifications of the Smart Helmet as a complete system are outlined in this section In addition specific specifications for the different versions of the product are presented in the following 2 1 System Overview The Smart Helmet can be represented by the f
22. ts available on other vehicles The difficulty with this part is the ability to detect fall events with reliability and avoid any false negative triggering of the flashing state Finally the speaker and microphone unit should be added to the helmet taking into consideration the perfect emplacement and measures to avoid noise interference Choosing an already made module with Bluetooth capabilities might be the ultimate solution due to the incompatibility of the microcontroller with audio devices The final production Smart Helmet will incorporate all the features listed with more attention to aesthetics portability and making sure the SBH complies with DOT and Snell standards Furthermore the final helmet should be durable sustainable and accommodates different sizes 2 2 General Requirements R1 II The SBH must be compatible and adapted to any bike R2 II The SBH shall replace the hand signals with a safer turn signal mounted on the helmet R3 II The user shall be able to trigger the turn signal simply with a touch of a finger R4 II The user input shall be wirelessly transferred to the MCU to switch on the turn signals R5 II The SBH must provide visual feedback to the user about the state of the lights R6 1II The user shall be able to choose the brightness of the turn signals R7 III The SBH shall not interfere with other devices or other vehicles R8 III The SBH retail price shall be less than 100 R9 III THE SBH shall have
23. xplanatory without necessary background knowledge RAO II The SBH shall provide visual feedback to the user on the state of the signals RA1 II The user shall be able to turn the signals on and off without taking their hands off the handle RA2 II The signals displayed by the SBH shall be intuitive and do not confuse other road users 2 9 Standards For wider marketability of the SBH the following standards shall be followed R43 III The SBH shall conform to CSA D113 2 M89 for cycling Helmets 7 R44 III The SBH shall conform to Snell 2005 or Snell 2010 for marketing in the United States 5 R45 III The SBH shall conform to the DOT Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No 218 5 RA6 III The SBH shall conform to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ECE Regulation No 22 for marketing in Europe 5 R47 III The SBH shall conform to the standards of Bluetooth Low Energy BLE 8 In the following sections specific subsystems specification is discussed 3 Triggering Unit Requirements The triggering unit is composed of various elements that constitute the main part of the user input to the system Indeed this unit contains signals buttons that can be activated and deactivated to turn on or off the corresponding signal with some visual feedback to the user In addition the break trigger detects when the user used any of the breaks All the above triggering events and signals are sent to the central MCU via an RF t
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