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1. cea gages 1 DUNS VS auct segnes art pre Deed bu adici dud apa dog asd ttd 1 1 2 Organization of users manual 1 1 eee rhe 1 2 0 Progtam Structure et REC GNO RAE EV ME A IRE esu ER UNE 2 241 Mam Menus c e dete ae ee ages aute dba Xu uec cerebri ce eot odes 2 2 2 Database Creation and Management 8 5 3 2 2 t Technical Background ue Repeat REIR Oe ela Lek SURE e 3 2 2 2 Main VSP IMV Database Structure 25 ce PEE Ra 4 2221 Site Config ration EN hah des dO CERE CR ERR dt 5 2 2 2 2 Seismic Probes Configuration 20 0 0 cece eee eee 7 2 2 2 3 Offset Configuration 8 2 2 2 4 Velocity Inversion Profiles Configuration 9 2 2 2 5 VSP IMV Elastic Constants Database Configuration 11 2 2 3 VSP IMV Database Merging for 2D and 3D Imaging 12 2 3 Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM 14 2 4 Two Dimensional Interval Velocity and Elastic Constant Plotting 19 2 5 Three Dimensional Tomographic Viewing 0 ccc eee a 22 2 51 3D Viewers dA ee oles wees ta eae a2. Res RA Wo edes eee been Re Ue wa 32 Figure 35 Zoomed in view ofthe Italian province of Emilia 33 Figure 36 3D Options user interfaces 2 RAP EAs ew os Pe Ot 34 Figure 37 FMDSM Options user interface 2 teen mI 35 l BCE Ltd VSP IMV 1 0 Introduction 1 1 What is VSP IMV VSP IMV is an advanced vertical seismic profiling VSP analysis software package for downhole seismic testing DST e g seismic cone penetration testing SCP T investigations VSP IMV incorporates a geographic information system GIS with the ability to overlay results from SCPT and or VSP investigations from anywhere in the world These DST sites are linked with a highly configurable and easily accessed elastic constants databases where two dimensional 2D and three dimensional 3D graphical displaying of the elastic constant numerical values is readily implemented VSP IMV provides a two and three dimensional in situ compression and shear V wave velocity DST tomographic algorithm The imaging algorithm outlined implements an already established iterative forward modeling IFM technique where in situ velocity estimates are obtained for an assumed transversely isotropic stratigraphic profile By obtaining and merging several IFM vertical seismic profiles generated from successively greater source offsets two and three
3. 50 612 Zoom In 36 875 E 22 938 Colors Copy Z Axes Blend E 1 Position ptions Figure 31 Merged 3D view where viewing options C sections Transparent Light and Merged cross section index s 2 and 3 have been enabled In additions the area in these selected zones has been filled at stratigraphic layers 1 and 3 30 Ltd VSP IMV 2 6 DST Geographic Information Systems VSP IMV incorporates a geographic information system GIS with the ability to overlay results from the DST investigations from anywhere in the world The GIS viewer is enabled by selecting sub menu View gt GIS map or by selecting the from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window When the GIS map option has been selected a digital map of the world is illustrated which contains icons which identify all the DST sites configured Figure 32 shows the digital world map In GIS maps provided all DST sites are identified as orange circular icons while the probe locations are identified as green circular icons The current active site probe is animated within the viewer In addition only the sites and probes related to the current map are displayed File Run View Window Options Help ZZR 6wrEeRe amp sm Pa Br X SPA zy Y Ex 9m E D AUS 4 Y PTS A VM ANU iH SING REDE hn REITE aN Ree 4 E INE ad ud Z at ae CP PL ep pes
4. gt File Run View Window Options Help gt GEER Ban Gr eenlanc DENMARK gt COET A AA nap Country VSP IMV 2 1 Fie Run View Window Options Help User Reference Manual L 3D Merged YSP Viewer Shear modulus merged Sidinas E x C Sections Dotted 4 Transparent pr Animate Light Q Zoom Out Q Zoom In Colors Copy xi Zanes 2 Blend AR Position T8 ptions Site SCPT DEMO Lat N 43 3 Long W 116 0 X 540 Y 0 00 Z 1 00 32 51 MPa Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd 2003 2010 No part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying or otherwise without the prior written permission of Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual we assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions nor do we assume liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this book BCE Ltd VSP IMV Table of Contents Table Contents copo dine eke enr ed Jaa aah esu NP ek ae Us 1 Listof Figures x save see ERR URP PA Ta REN CL AE Be Wiel E ee er EID VR Wa edes 11 1 0 Inttoductiot sss 560
5. Compression wave Compression amp shear Soil density Poisson ratio Shear modulus Lame constant Young modulus Bulk modulus 19 Incremental Depth C Depth Bars X Cancel es ip 20 Ltd VSP IMV amp 8 VPS IMV 2D Profiles T Eile Run Window Options Help gt 8R 250 Velocity m s 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 VPS IMV 2D Profiles File Run View Window Options Help ESR Ben Velocity m s 150 160 170 Figure 20 Plot of V interval velocities utilizing option Depth Bars within 2D Viewer 20 BCE Ltd VSP IMV The button displayed at the top right hand corner of the previously illustrated graphs allows for chart formatting printing and exporting Figure 21 illustrates the graphical interface that appears when the edit button is selected The edit chart dialogue box allows for extensive modification of the displayed data and chart attributes Figure 22 shows the chart print tab where the user specifies printer and printing parameters The help button is selected to obtain detailed information on available functionality i Editing chtCor x Component Y Component e 2 Component Figure 22 Chart printing dialogue box The user is also able to save the modified chart templates by selecting button Once this button has been selected a configuration file containing the template i
6. 33 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 7 VSP IMV Options VSP IMV allows the user to specify some basic 3D viewing and FM DSM configuration parameters 2 7 1 3D Options The 3D Options sub menu allows the user to conFigure and save standard 3D viewing options to a configuration file These configured parameters are automatically reloaded when the user re executes VSP IMV The 3D Options user interface is illustrated in Figure 36 where tabs Miscellaneous and 3D filling are shown The 3D configuration parameters provided in these interface tabs are identical to those previously outlined in Section 2 5 3D options me am ee Figure 36 3D Options user interface 2 7 2 FMDSM Options The FMDSM options sub menu allows the user to configure and save standard FM DSM viewing and analysis parameters to a configuration file These configured parameters are automatically reloaded when the user re executes VSP IMV The FMDSM options user interface is illustrated in Figure 37 where tabs Strata Layering Specification Cost Function Parameters and Source Offset Parameters are shown The FMDSM configuration parameters provided in these interface tabs are identical to those previously outlined in Section 2 3 34 BCE Ltd VSP IMV gig VPS IMV Figure 37 FMDSM Options user interface 3 0 Help The options associated with the Help Menu selection are as outlines as follows About provides software version information
7. File Run View Window Options Help Ban we Areas Countries gt Contours Grid GridCaps Zones Cities AquaCaps Boundaries Descriptions v Text Frame 2 ORTH ACIFIC DCEAN Los Angeles Figure 34 Illustration of Layers Manager where attributes of Grid and Zones time have been removed from the display in the world map 2395 BCE Ltd VSP IMV The Select menu option allows the user to select more detailed maps of countries and associated provinces states single click of left mouse button or select the database of the illustrated site and or probe double clicking of left mouse button For example Figure 35 illustrates a zoomed in view ofa digital map for the Italian province of Emilia Romagna This map was obtained by firstly selecting the country of Italy from the world map and secondly selecting the province of Emilia Romagna from the Italian map inl x HE File Run View Window Options Help 8 xj Yun d SM i WO Ts find 2 Er t sagt 2 Ce PR T Y Figure 35 Zoomed in view ofthe Italian province of Emilia Romagna The selection of the World menu option will resultin the re display ofthe world map The selection of the Country menu option will result in a pull down menu where all of the available countries which can be selected and displayed are outlined
8. 107 45 1131 120 56 1198 105 75 1122 92 26 104 8 95 1 106 4 122 58 120 8 207 32 157 1 303 56 190 1 gt Figure 10 Elastic Constants user interface tab 2 2 3 VSP IM V Database Merging for 2D and 3D Imaging As was previously stated in Section 2 2 1 two dimensional tomographic images are derived by merging sets of FMDSM cross sections which have similar source offset bearings as was shown in Figure 2 e g S3 S3 and SC3 In addition Section 2 2 2 4 outlined that it was mandatory that all specified Offsets and their corresponding Velocity inversion profiles are synchronized with one another For example referring to Figure 2 Offset 1 gt Velocity Inversion profile 3 SC3 should be specified in the same order in the Velocity inversion profiles list 1 e third down from the top of the list as Offset 2 gt Velocity Inversion profile 3 SC3 This allows for the automation of the database merging algorithm 12 BCE Ltd VSP IMV The userinterface for merging the FMDSM profiles into 2D tomographic images is enabled by either selecting sub menu from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface Run gt Merge elastic constants or by selecting the ico window Figure 11 illustrates the FMDSM database merging user interface The steps in merging the Velocity Inversion Profiles are outlined as follows Select appropriate country Countries and Site Name Select the desired Probes na
9. AU ee S a ERE Es 22 2 5 2 3D Viewer merged i sse ee pere ee rete en wong RIRs e s lace onan 26 2 6 DST Geographic Information Systems eee eee 31 2A VSPSNEV Options ex usd cet tele edie eco Eremita lun pido dac ots uet 34 227A 3D Opti fis c a en e RAG Ee a ERA E ERE Eae ie eer e ag es 34 277 2 FMDSMFODpLOIS ood mu wo EDU E D xit s o AJ mg ten 34 3 0 Help ocn GAR WO ARE ipee deb UL bo Rs Ea der IMS AS tures 35 References sou pa eese o E 36 Appendix 1 Baziw E J 2002 Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method Can Geotech J Vol 39 1181 1192 37 Appendix 2 Baziw E J 2004 Two and three dimensional imaging utilizing the seismic cone penetrometer Presented at the International Conference on Site Characterization ISC 2 September 20 22 2004 in Porto Portugal Published in conference proceedings 38 Appendix 3 Arrival times and probe depths specified for the example database provided with the installation software The same example database is utilized for Sites Idaho Torino Parma Bologna and Roma 39 is BCE Ltd VSP IMV List of Figures Figure 1 Main graphical user interface window in VSP IMV
10. 2 Figure 2 Schematic illustrating the DST testing configuration for generating 2D and 3D tomographic images 3 Figure 3 Schematic illustrating the 2D FMDSM merging 1 4 Figure 4 Schematic illustrating the basic data structure for VSP IMV software package 5 Figure 5 a Countries List database user interface 6 Figure 5 b Adding a new country in the Countries List database 6 Figure 6 Main VSP IMV user interface for site configuration 4 7 Figure 7 Seismic Probes user interface tab 5 eee eee hh hh hh hes 8 Figure 8 Offset user interface tab wee rU Rhee aed te E ow RA ARE us EU oR eed 9 Figure 9 Velocity inversion profile user interface tab 10 Figure 10 Elastic Constants user interface tab 12 Figure 11 Database merging user interface rre 13 Figure 12 Output message window notifying successful merging of V interval values 13 Figure 13 VSP IMV user interface for viewing the merged databases 14 Figure 14 Main graphical interface screen in the FMDSM software option 15 Fig
11. Activate country filter Select appropriate country Countries The country list were previously specified via sub menu Options gt Country List s Select Add push button and type in an appropriate Site Name Highlight corresponding State Province Enter site positional information within the Latitude and Longitude interface boxes Specify corresponding Data Time when investigation occurred s Enter any relevant site information within the Personnel Site Conditions Type of Source and Special Notes text boxes Select push button OK 2 2 2 2 Seismic Probes Configuration Once a DST investigation has occurred the user must then conFigure database tabs Seismic Probes Offset Velocity inversion profiles P wave profile S wave profile and Elastic Constants These user interface tabs correspond to the previously outlined databases of SCPush db SCOffset db SCProfiles db SCVP db SCVS db and SCEC db respectively The user interface for the Seismic Probes tab is shown in Figure 7 The Seismic Probes parameters are conFigure d as follows 1 When enabled the check box Activate country filter synchronizes the display of the country and corresponding sites and provinces This is advantageous if the user prefers that only the sites which are associated with a particular country be displayed BCE Ltd VSP IMV Enable check box Activate country filter Select appropriate country Countries and Site Name Select t
12. Offsets 1 and 4 enabled Cube display set and Number Of Eayers 31 inv eA LAN ue en nas MU E ED E Crave aur ee ate E iva 26 Figure 27 Typical graphical view of merged FMDSM databases 27 Figure 28 Typical graphical view of merged FMDSM database which demonstrates the Blending option 28 Figure 29 Superposition of 3D cone surfaces onto 2D tomographic cross sections illustrated in Figure 31 28 Figure 30 a 3D filling user interface tab paa II 29 Figure 30 b Areas between offsets user interface e 29 Figure 30 c Active V2D user interface tab 2 ers 30 Figure 31 Merged 3D view where viewing options C sections Transparent Light and Merged cross section index s 2 and 3 have been enabled In additions the area in these selected zones has been filled at stratigraphic layers Land 3 5e here yep Pa Be We al Sen PASA RE DN EN wis 30 Figure 32 Digital world map displayed when GIS option selected 31 Figure 33 Illustration of the Sites dialogue box and the world map which has been zoomed in and panned to give a better presentation of 3s RE REWARDS ERE Rh de ern E RR RAE de 32 Figure 34 Illustration of Layers Manager where attributes of Grid and Zones time have been removed from the display in th world map
13. Velocity 1 00111111111111 553 35 376 26 263 38 0 89 238 34 68 16 4772 0 778888888888883 277 04 I 92 1 64 47 0 667777777777778 293 45 103 33 72 33 O 556666566666667 274 83 90 64 63 45 0 445555555555556 256 71 79 08 55 35 0 334444444444444 250 53 81 51 57 06 0 223333333333333 295 9 105 07 73 55 0 112222222222222 384 81 177 7 124 39 0 00111111111111109 465 65 260 19 182 14 X Close Figure 13 VSP IMV user interface for viewing the merged databases 2 3 Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method FMDSM The FMDSM technique utilizes seismic ray tracing and optimal estimation techniques in deriving DST interval velocities The standard techniques implemented in deriving DST interval velocities rely upon obtaining reference P and S wave arrival times as the probe is advanced into the soil profile or borehole By assuming a straight ray travel path from source to seismic receiver and calculating relative reference arrival time differences interval velocities are obtained The Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method offers distinct advantages over conventional DST velocity profile estimation methods Some of the advantages over conventional techniques provided by the FMDSM are outlined as follows Utilization of Snell s Law at layer boundaries for ray path refraction Optimization ofa cost function which takes into account more detail of the DST testing environment and subsequent seismic data recorded compared to standa
14. dimensional imaging utilizing the seismic cone penetrometer This paper outlines the mathematical algorithms utilized in merging the IFM so that 2D and 3D tomographic images are obtained Appendix 3 outlines the arrival times and probe depths specified for the example database provided with the installation software The same example database is utilized for Sites Idaho Torino Parma Bologna and Roma BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 0 Program Structure 2 1 Main Menu VSP IMV is Windows based program utilizing and implementing GIS iterative forward modeling sophisticated database management and database merging for 2D and 3D imaging for the purpose of managing processing and visualizing V and V parameters acquired in DST The main graphical interface window for VSP IMV is illustrated in Figure 1 The main menu displays several user options which relate to creating databases carrying out database merging 2D and 3D visualization 2D plotting and GIS visualization The first step in most circumstances will be for the user to configure the DST VSP IMV database 101 File View Window Options Help Figure 1 Main graphical user interface window in VSP IMV BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 2 Database Creation and Management The DST database creation and management utilities provided for in VSP IMV are designed to reflect the mathematical algorithms outlined in Appendices 1 and 2 The IFM a
15. on VSP IMV User s Manual will output the VSP IMV user s manual in a PDF reader Appendix 1 will output the Appendix 1 paper in a PDF reader e Appendix 2 will output the Appendix 2 paper in a PDF reader Appendix 3 Arrival times and probe depths for example database Link to BCE makes a link to Baziw Consulting Engineers web page 35 BCE Ltd VSP IMV References Andrus R D Stokoe K H and Chung R M 1999 Draft guidelines for evaluating liquefaction resistance using shear wave velocity measurements and simplified procedures NISTIR 6277 National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg Md Baziw E J 2004 Two and three dimensional imaging utilizing the seismic cone penetrometer presented at the International Conference on Site Characterization ISC 2 September 20 22 2004 in Porto Portugal Published in conference proceedings Baziw E J 2002 Derivation of Seismic Cone Interval Velocities Utilizing Forward Modeling and the Downhill Simplex Method Can Geotech J Vol 39 1 12 Finn W D Liam 1984 Dynamic response analysis of soils in engineering practice Mechanics of Engineering Materials John Wiley amp Sons Ltd Chapter 13 36 BCE Ltd VSP IMV Appendix 1 Baziw E J 2002 Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method Can Geotech J Vol 39 1181 1192 372 BCE Ltd VSP IMV A
16. 10 0 49 in soils Mooney 1977 Figure 10 shows the user interface for the Elastic Constants database SCEC db which is associated with a specific velocity inversion profile In the Elastic Constants database the previously derived FMDSM technique interval V and or V values are populated within the Elastic Constants database under headings P velocity average m s and S velocity average m s The corresponding Possion s ratio values are automatically calculated and displayed if both V and V values were derived Alternatively the user could specify appropriate Poisson s ratio values if only V or V values were derived From eq 3 the corresponding unknown V or V interval values are then calculated The user then specifies appropriate Soil Density Kg m values and all subsequent elastic constants are automatically calculated according to eq 2 and Table 1 amp is VPS IMV Edit Vertical Seismic Profiles File Run View Window Options Help gt CECR BEN Countries Italy IV Activate country filter Site name Current vertical seismic probe sie Rome 2 Probe 1 Current FMDSM profile zi add 7 Delete Rome CS 1 Site Parameters Seismic Probes Offset Velocity inversion profiles P wave profile 5 wave profile Poisson s Ratio Shear Modulus MPa Lame s Constant MPa Young Modulus MPa Bulk Modulus MPa P Velocity average m s 5 Velocity average m s 438 87 228 6 79 53 97 3
17. 1984 Equation 2 illustrates the relationship between the elastic constants of Poisson s Ratio Shear Modulus Young s Modulus and Bulk Modulus with V and V o V V 2 Q V VX 2 Gy pve 28 1 0 2 E 3 1 2 0 In eq 2 is Poisson s ratio G is the shear modulus E is Young s modulus is the soil denisty and is the bulk modulus Some static soil analysis techniques include displacements from line loads ie f E v one dimensional consolidation settlement ie f m where m 1 and soil structure interaction problems ie f E v and B The associated methods of response in dynamic soil analysis are the linear method linear elastic model equivalent linear method visco elastic model and step by step integration method load history tracing All the dynamic analysis programs require accurate input parameters of shear modulus bulk modulus Young s modulus and attenuation Q value Dynamic analysis in geotechnical practice is intimately related to the capability of measuring the necessary soil properties Another important use of estimated shear wave velocities in geotechnical design is in the liquefaction assessment of soils As stated by Andrus et al 1999 predicting the liquefaction resistance of soil is an important step in the engineering design of new structures and the retro fit of existing structures in earthquake prone regions Since the shear wave velocity is influenced by
18. DSM 2D triangular profiles for varying source Ma offsets V2D n m V2D n 1 Figure 3 Schematic illustrating the 2D FMDSM merging algorithm 2 2 2 Main VSP IMV Database Structure The VSP IMV database structure is designed to facilitate the previously described merging of the FMDSM cross section profiles into 2D and 3D tomographic images Figure 4 illustrates a schematic which outlines the basic data structure for the VSP IMV software package In Figure 4 the SCSite db database contains the DST positional Site information of latitude and longitude The database structure has terminology associated with a SCPT e g seismic cone SC but it is applicable to any DST investigation Each Site has associated Cone Pushes that have attributes stored within the SCPush db database Each Cone Push identifies the SC probe or borehole and it has associated FMDSM profiles SCProfiles db for each source offset SC Offset db as illustrated in Figure 2 Each FMDSM profile has associated databases SCVP db SCVS db for the in situ estimates of V and V and finally there is a linked elastic constants database SCEC db which is derived from the estimated V and V values or specification of Poisson s ratio In the example shown in Figure 2 the seismic cone push has eight FM SDM profiles for each source offset resulting in a total of 24 FMDSM profiles ie 3 source offsets x 8 FMDSM profiles BCE Ltd VSP IMV SCSite db SCPush d
19. FM DSM profiles which have a common source offset bearing are to be merged into a 2D tomographic image 8 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 518 VPS IMV Edit Vertical Seismic Profiles File Run View Window Options Help gt CEKER BED Countries Itay Activate country filter Site name Current vertical seismic probe Site Rome 2 Probe 1 Current FMDSM profile Fi Add Delete Rome CS 1 Site Parameters Seismic Probes Velocity inversion profiles wave profile 5 wave profile Elastic Constants Offset name Rome Offset 1 Rome Offset 2 Rome Offset 3 Rome Offset 4 X Cancel Figure 8 Offset user interface tab 2 2 2 4 Velocity Inversion Profiles Configuration The Velocity Inversion Profiles user interface tab is shown in Figure 9 and it corresponds to the SCProfiles db database where a set of FMDSM profiles are linked to a specific Offset as was illustrated in Figure 2 For example in Figure 2 seismic sources and subsequent FMD SM profiles S1 2 3 4 S5 S64 7 and S8 are associated with Offset 1 The Velocity Inversion Profiles corresponding parameters are conFigure d as follows Enable check box Activate country filter Select appropriate country Countries and Site Select the appropriate Probe name from the Seismic Probes tab Select the appropriate Offset name from the Offset tab Select the Velocity inversion profiles tab Select Add push bu
20. NE Figure 32 Digital world map displayed when GIS option selected The user can zoom into the map by selecting the Zoom menu option Alternatively the user can zoom out of the map by selecting menu option Zoom the lt ctrl gt button The Pan menu option allows for panning of the currently displayed map The Sites menu option displays all the sites and probes and their corresponding positional information for the currently displayed map Figure 33 illustrates the world map which has been zoomed in and panned to give a better presentation of Italy In addition the sites and probes are illustrated in the Sites dialogue box When enabled the Layers menu option displays all available GIS attributes which can be turned on and off within the currently displayed map For example Figure 34 is illustrates the world map where the attributes of time Zones and map Grid have been turned off 31 Ltd VSP IMV 5 1 File View Window Options Help Ste SCPT DEMO Probe Demo probe Site Empty Site mmm Site Site Rome seem Probe Probe 1 y Site Site Bologna Position Probe Bologna 1 Latitude 45 5 Probe Torino probe 1 Longitude 7 Site Site Parma Probe Parma probe 1 Figure 33 Illustration of the Sites dialogue box and the world map which has been zoomed in and panned to give a better presentation of Italy Sis PS IMV GIS
21. b SCOffset db SCProfile db SCVP db SCVS db SCEC db Sitel 9 SCPTI 9 Offsetl 39 Profile1 Profile 1 VS gt ProfilelEC Profile 1 VP Profile 2 VS I SCPT2 L Profile Profile2 VP 9 Profile2EC ileN j gt 1 YSCPTN J OffsetN Profile vini N VS Profile N VP ProfileNEC Site2 SiteN Figure 4 Schematic illustrating the basic data structure for the VSP IMV software package 2 2 2 1 Site Configuration The first step in configuring the DST database is for the user to select sub menu Options Country List The user interface for Country List is shown in Figure 5 a The user populates the Countries and associated States Provinces in which DST investigations have been or willbe carried out within the Country List database For example in Figure 5 a the countries USA and Italy have been specified with the provinces of Emilia Romagna Lazio Sicilia and Piemonte entered for Italy The user adds new countries by selecting push button Add and typing in the appropriate country name as is shown in Figure 5 b The same procedure is utilized in specifying the corresponding State Province entries An entry is deleted by pressing the Delete push buttons Once the appropriate Countries and States Provinces have been entered into the Country List database the user can begin to populate the main DST database The main VSP IMV interface for configuring DST
22. dimensional tomographic images are obtained VSP IMV stores the results from the database merging algorithm and provides attractive 2D and 3D graphical viewing utilities VSP IMV also provides extensive chart editing plotting and exporting functionality VSP IMV includes the following features E Extensive GIS capabilities with the option of ordering customized maps from BCE Sophisticated DST database management IFM algorithm provided for estimating in situ V or V values from acquired seismic time series data Ability to estimate elastic constant parameters when only in situ or V values are derived Ability to merge several profiles so that 2D and 3D tomographic images are obtained E Advanced and highly configurable 2D and 3D graphical viewing Extensive chart editing plotting and exporting functionality 1 2 Organization of users manual The purpose of this manual is to instruct purchasers of VSP IMV in the use of the product by explaining it s structure taking the user step by step through the program menus and specifying the use of interactive graphics and I O routines Sections 2 and 3 are devoted to this goal Appendix 1 provides a copy of the paper entitled Derivation of seismic cone interval velocities utilizing forward modeling and the downhill simplex method This paper outlines the mathematical algorithms utilized in the IFM algorithm Appendix 2 provides a copy of the paper entitled Two and three
23. dual 2 ms and P Residual 3 ms identify the error residual between the specified Arrival Times and those values synthesized Forward Modeling by implementing the estimated interval velocities The residuals give an indication of how well our estimated interval velocity model fits the measured data Estimated raypaths are obtained which abide by Snell s law at the interfaces for the case when interval velocities are estimated assuming straight ray travel paths The corresponding error residuals quantify the associated error with assuming straight ray travel paths when significant raypath refractions are occurring The user may now derive unknown interval V values from the estimated interval V values and Poisson s ratio if desired To accomplish this task requires a two step process Step 1 is to initialized the P wave velocity profile to zero by selecting Clear P wave data in the Velocity inversion profiles user interface tab as was previously outlined Step 2 is to navigate to the Elastic Constants database user interface tab as was shown in Figure 10 and input the known Poisson s ratio values 18 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 4 Two Dimensional Interval Velocity and Elastic Constant Plotting The output results ofthe FMDSM databases can be plotted by selecting sub menu View gt 2D Viewer or by selecting the from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window Figure 18 illustrates the user interface for the 2D Viewer me
24. e size of the sphere in pixels and the Dot density parameter specifies the density of spheres within the filling volume The Areas between fills user interface tab is illustrated in Figure 30 b This 3D option allows the user to specify which areas are to be filled within the 3D merged view The column Cross Section identifies the 2D tomographic cross section e g there are eight 2D cross sections illustrated in Figures 27 28 and 29 the column Layer identifies a specific layer within the stratigraphic profile e g there are ten stratigraphic layers illustrated in Figures 27 28 and 29 and the Column Offsets identifies the fill area between the selected ffsets at the previously specified 2D tomographic cross section and stratigraphic layer For example if the user desired to fill the area at the first stratigraphic layer atthe first Cross section between the first and second cross sections then the Visible check box Cross Section 0 Layer 0 Offsets 0 to 1 should be set to enabled The Active V2D option allows the user to individually turn off the display of specific areas of the 2D tomographic cross sections based upon the corresponding Offsets Figure 30 c illustrates the Active V2D user interface tab The user enables and disables the display of areas within the 2D cross sections by checking and un checking entries under column Merged cross sections index For the examples illustrated in Figures 27 28 and 29 there are four Off
25. enables raypath refraction atthe previously defined stratigraphic layers by checking this box If this box is left unchecked straight raypaths will be assumed in the interval velocity estimation algorithm reducing the required CPU Once the source offset and raypath type parameters have been specified the user must setup or select a database which contains the required P wave or S wave arrival times This step is carried out selecting the database icon ES Upon selection of this icon the FMDSM graphical database interface illustrated in Figure 15 appears The Seismic Probe is specified by selecting the appropriate Country Province State Site and selecting the desired Seismic Probe From the FMDSM database interface window the user then selects the appropriate Offset Velocity inversion profile and P wave profile or S wave profile For example Figure 16 illustrates the site Site Rome gt Probe 1 gt Rome Offset 1 gt Rome CS 1 S wave profile user interface tab 15 Ltd VSP IMV 518 VPS IMV View Vertical Seismic Profiles 5E File Run View Window Options Help BrIR 28R Ben Wave type Current vertical seismic probe Compression wave Shear wave Current FMDSM profile Location Sites Probes Offsets Velocity inversion profiles P wave profile S wave profile Elastic Constants Province State Emilia Romagna Cancel OK _ Figure 15 FMDSM main database
26. he Seismic Probes tab s Select Add push button and type in an appropriate Seismic Probe Name Enter seismic probe positional information within the Latitude and Longitude interface boxes Select push button 818 VPS IMV Edit Vertical Seismic Profiles 3E File Run View Window Options Help gt 8 CER Countries Italy Activate country filter Site name Current vertical seismic probe Site Rome 1 Probe 1 Current FMDSM profile Pi Add 7 Delete Rome CS 1 Site Parameters Offset Velocity inversion profiles wave profile 5 profile Elastic Constants _ Probename 0 Ns gt Probe 1 Longitude deg min sec 12 27 i Delete X Cancel Figure 7 Seismic Probes user interface tab 2 2 2 3 Offset Configuration The Offset user interface tab is shown in Figure 8 and the corresponding parameters are configured as follows Enable check box Activate country filter Select appropriate country Countries and Site Select the appropriate Probe name from the Seismic Probes tab Select the Offset tab Select Add push button in the Offset interface tab and type in an appropriate Offset name Repeat the above Offset configuration steps until all offsets have been specified Select push button OK As outlined in Figure 2 each Offset has associated a set of FMDSM profiles
27. interface window VPS IMV View Vertical Seismic Profiles E4 Fie Run View Window Options Help mz amp 8 EOUR Ban Wave type Current vertical seismic probe Compression wave Shear wave Current FMDSM profile Location Sites Probes Offsets Velocity inversion profiles P wave profile 5 wave profile Elastic Constants 0 0 0 0 0 52E 8 97 3 1 7E 8 0 0 1 7E 8 113 1 8 1131 2 2E 8 33E 8 119 8 1 4E 8 119 8 7E 9 41E 8 1122 7E 9 112 2 6 2E 8 3 7E 8 104 8 9 104 8 2 8 32E 8 106 4 9 106 4 7E 9 2 1E 8 120 8 4 6E 8 120 8 46 9 157 1 6 4E 8 0 Figure 16 Automatic insertion of the estimated interval velocities and corresponding error residuals into the S wave profile database 16 Ltd VSP IMV Inthe S wave profile database interface tab shown in Figure 16 the user must specify the appropriate seismic probe depth Depth m and the corresponding S wave arrival time ms with the associated measurement weight 0 1 The user must also select the appropriate Wave type Compression or Shear which is to be analysed Itis required to input at least one arrival time with the corresponding weight for each depth increment 1 we need a least one piece of data for each depth increment to obtain an interval velocity estimate The parameters Depthl and Depth 2 identify the stratigraphic layering for the interval velocities to be estimated These parameter
28. lgorithm presented in Appendix 1 is referred to by the acronym FMDSM The FMDSM technique is expanded upon in Section 2 3 2 2 1 Technical Background The methodology implemented in obtaining two and three dimensional tomographic images relies upon merging several FMDSM cross section profiles For example Figure 2 illustrates a plan view of a DST investigation where we have several seismic sources positioned symmetrically around the downhole seismic probe The generation of the seismic source waves is initiated as the seismic probe is incrementally lowered into the ground Several FMDSM cross section profiles are obtained from the multiple source waves recorded at each seismic probe depth increment The optimal interval velocity estimates for each of these FMDSM cross sections is obtained by Source waves assuming a transversely isotropic medium Two dimensional tomographic images are derived by merging sets of FM DSM cross sections which have similar source offset bearings as is shown in Figure 2 e g S3 S3 and SC3 Figure 3 illustrates a schematic of the parameters defining the 2D FMDSM merging algorithm Any vertical variations in the interval velocities for a set of FMDSM cross sections derived from source offsets with identical bearing is assumed to be due to lateral variations in the stratigraphic profile This is due to the fact thatthe FMDSM algorithm provides optimal estimates for a transversely isotropic stratigraphic pr
29. many of the variables that influence liquefaction ge void ratio soil density confining stress stress history and geologic age it is an excellent index of liquefaction It is evident from eq 2 that if the investigator can derive in situ estimates of V and V then the associated in situ estimates of the elastic constants can also be obtained Table 1 outlines the relations between the elastic constants where the variable is defined to be Lam s constant Table 1 Relations between elastic constants E 0 E 3 1 20 E 2 1 0 Eo 1 0 1 20 E k 3k E 6k 3kE 9k E 3k 3k E 9k E E Go E 2Go 2Go GoE 3 3Go E 9 k 3k 1 20 2 1 0 0 Go 2Go 1 o 280 1 0 3 1 20 0 1 0 1 20 A 1 20 20 k Go 9kGo 3k Go 3k 2Go 2 3k Go 9k k A 3k A For DST investigations where only in situ interval values of V or V are obtain the investigator can obtain estimates Go 3A 2Go A Go of the unknown interval V or V velocities and the corresponding elastic constants by specification of interval Poisson s ratio and soil density values The relation between V and V with known is given as Go E 2Go 3Go E 3ko 1 0 2Goo 1 20 k 2Go 3 2 N 2 A Go 11 BCE Ltd VSP IMV a 20 9 Vi V 3 1 20 Values for Poisson s ratio are typically 0 25 in igneous rock 0 33 in sedimentary rock and 0
30. me from the Probes column Select the desired elastic constant parameter to be merged from the Parameter column Select push button Merge The message box shown in Figure 12 appears after a successful merge e Repeat the above steps until all the desired elastic constants have been merged gis VPS IMV File Run View Window Options Help JZ GEKEER BBD E Select data source Country Parameter ompression wave Shear wave Soil density Poisson ratio Shear modulus Lame constant Young modulus Bulk modulus Province 7 State Emilia Romagna Site name Site Rome Probes Probe 1 Figure 11 Database merging user interface DRAK x Elastic parameters Compression wave have been successfully merged Figure 12 Output message window notifying successful merging of V interval values The output results of merging the FMDSM databases can be viewed by selecting sub menu View View merged data or by selecting the from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window Figure 13 illustrates the user interface and related database for viewing the results of merging the FM DSM cross sections 13 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 818 VPS IMV File Run View Window Options Help WEUR B50 5165 View Merged Velocities Location Sites Seismic Probes Merged Offsets Merged Cross sections Merged elastic constants Segment length metres P Velocity S
31. nformation is stored under subdirectory MDI chartCFG Upon re executing VSP IMV the user may reload the chart template by selecting button Load chart 21 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 5 Three Dimensional Tomographic Viewing The VSP IMV software package provides highly advanced 3D viewing capabilities The two types of 3D views provided are the standard 3D Viewer which allows for viewing of the FMDSM databases and the 3D Viewer merged which allows for viewing of the merged databases 2 5 1 3D Viewer The 3D viewer for the FM DSM databases is enabled by selecting sub menu View gt 3D Viewer or by selecting the from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window Figure 23 illustrates the user interface for the 3D Viewer menu option The steps in obtaining a 3D view of the desired interval velocity or elastic constant are outlined as follows Select appropriate country Countries province or state Province State and Site Name Select the desired Probes name from the Probes column Select the desired Parameter to be displayed from the Parameter column Select the push button 3D File Run View Window Options Help ZZA GER BEN E Select data source DER Country Province State Site name Probes Emilia Romagna A Site Rome gt Probe 1 Lazio Sicilia Piemonte Parameter Compression wave Shear wave X Cancel Soil density Poisson ratio Bulk modulus Figure 23 3D Viewer
32. nu option The steps in obtaining a 2D plot ofa desired interval velocity or elastic constant are outlined as follows Select appropriate country Countries province or state Province State and Site Name Select the desired Probes name from the Probes column Select the desired Offset from the Offset column Select the desired FM DSM cross section from the Cross section column Select the desired parameter to display from the Parameter list box Select the desired Plot Type The user can either display the interval velocities in an Incremental Depth fashion as illustrated in Figure 19 or with Depth Bars as illustrated in Figure 20 The Incremental Depth graph plots the velocity estimate at the average depth of the two seismic traces used in the velocity calculation Straight lines joining all the depth increments are then displayed The Depth Bars plot illustrates the two depths from which the seismic traces in the velocity calculation were obtained by bars Once the above parameters have been specified the user then selects the Begin Processing push button VPS IMV Select data source 3E File Run View Window Options Help gt 6 BEN Country Province State Site name Probes Emilia Romagna Site Rome Lazio Sicilia Piemonte Probe tt Offset Cross section Parameter Plot Type n Rome Offset 1 E Rome Offset 2 E Rome Offset 3 Rome Offset 4 Figure 18 2D Viewer user interface
33. ofile In Figure 3 the two dimensional array V2D defines elements of the estimated 2D tomo graphic image while array V identifies the estimated FMDSM interval velocities X 1 m is the associated source offsets for a constant bearing Z 1 n is an array which defines the incremental depth locations of the seismic probe and parameter 1 1 is the average width for each cell within the V2D array Since the DST is a vertical seismic profile the 3D profiles derived have a cone surface with triangular cross sections for each bearing line as illustrated in Figure 3 Seismic probe FMDSM cross section profiles Depth m The first column of the V2D array 1 1 n 1 is set to the first FMDSM profile Receiver i e For i 1 ton do V2D i 1 V 11 This is due the fact that there is only one FMDSM profile to average All subsequent V2D cell values are derived by using a Figure 2 Schematic illustrating the DST testing configuration for generating 2D and 3D tomographic images BCE Ltd VSP IMV linear averaging technique For example the value of element V2D 1 2 is obtained as follows V2D 1 2 11 12 V 1 2 I V2D 1 1 12 1 V2D 1 1 71 2 2 1 V2D 3 m V2D i j Merged 2D cross section triangular profile uoj t V i j FMDSM interval velocity X VaD 4m estimates for offsets i 1 to m and depth intervals j 1 to n FM
34. ofile or S wave profile database as shown in Figure 16 5 VPS IMV Seismic Velocity Inversion File Run View Window Options Help mzrx w EO6R Ben Offset Parameter Radiat 40 Depth 00 Refraction Mid m End o Steps 4 Ray Trace pee SS eee E a 9 5 Receiver Figure 17 FMDSM graphical screen after completion of the interval velocity profile estimation 2172 BCE Ltd VSP IMV The FMDSM is capable of estimating up to three interval velocities These value are represented by columns S Velocity 1 m s S Velocity 2 m s and S Velocity 3 m s Due to the structure of the FMDSM there is only one interval velocity for the first and last layers while two interval velocities are available for the second and second to last layers Interval velocities defined as 0 imply that no estimate was available The user should place high weight on an FMDSM interval velocity profile when the three velocity columns V1 m s V2 m s and V3 m s at each depth increment are nearly identical when an estimate is available and there are correspondingly low error residuals implies a stable solution space Significant variability in V1 m s V2 m s and V3 m s and or high error residuals is mostly likely associated with improperly specified arrival times or it maybe indicative of significant lateral soil heterogeneity The columns S Residual 1 ms S Resi
35. ore appropriate and a cube based visualization of the estimated soil properties Transparent this option allows for transparency in the 3D display Animate this option allows for the automated rotation of the 3D view Light enable disable 3D view lighting effects Zoom Out zoom out within the current viewing window Zoom In zoom in within the current viewing window Colors this option allows the user to specify the 3D graphing colors Copy this option allows the user to save the current 3D image disk within a bmp format The user can then open and print the saved file under menu option File gt Open bitmap Z axis display remove the Z axis display Blend this option is more appropriate for the merged databases If the Blend option is enabled it is assumed that there are transitional changes from cell element to element as opposed to having distinct cell boundaries 280 File Run View Window Options Help MIRO ERBEN D YSP Viewer Shear modulus Sidings RE EE C Sections Dotted Cone Cube Transparent Animate Zoom Out Zoom In Colors Copy d Z yes Blend Position Options IN 43 34 WTe 13 Ptobe Demo probe IN 43 3 iw 116 0 Figure 24 Typical 3D graphical view of FM DSM databases 23 BCE Ltd VSP IMV Position display remove 3D crosshair which shows Z Easting and Northing coordinate system Options the Options user interface is illustrated in Figu
36. played in the tool bar at the bottom of the chart ie X 0 00 m Y 4 80 m Z 2 00 m and Gy 82 23 MPa Figure 28 shows a view of Figure 27 where it is assumed that there are transitional changes from cell element to element as opposed to having distinct cell boundaries Blend option enabled Figure 29 illustrates the superposition of interpolated cone surfaces which have a surface radius corresponding to the appropriate source offsets As is evident from Figures 27 28 and 29 the incorporation of the eight 2D tomographic cross sections and the four interpolated cone surfaces provides for a 3D view of the in situ SH velocities The investigator could obtain a more detailed 3D tomographic image by implementing a denser configuration of source bearing lines 27 BCE Ltd VSP IMV ABl xl File Run View Window Options Help JRA GEER BEN erged YSP Viewer Shear modulus merged Sidings MPa C Sections 3 O 2 Dotted Estes E 190 106 ES 176 25 162 313 Animate 140 375 224 436 Light EH 120 5 Q I 106 563 Zoom Out 92 625 e EN 78 600 ES 64 75 Zoom In E 5 013 E Colors 22 938 J TES d Z xes 43 34 Iw TI6 13 Probe Demo probe IN 43 3 iw TI o 000 480 2 200 83 23 Figure 28 Typical graphical view of merged FMDSM database which demonstrates the Blending option 101 Run View Window O
37. ppendix 2 Baziw E J 2004 Two and three dimensional imaging utilizing the seismic cone penetrometer Presented at the International Conference on Site Characterization ISC 2 September 20 22 2004 in Porto Portugal Published in conference proceedings 38 BCE Ltd VSP IMV Appendix 3 Arrival times and probe depths specified for the example database provided with the installation software The same example database is utilized for Sites Idaho Torino Parma Bologna and Roma XOffset 1 0m XOffset 2 0 m XOffset 3 0 m Depth Interval Arrival Depth Interval Arrival Depth Interval Arrival Depth Interval Arrival m Velocity Time m Velocity Time m Velocity um m Velocity Time m s ms m s ens m s m s ms 0 5 p22 4 89 0 5 PM 0 5 229 1 5 14 4 1 5 1 5 2e 6 28 2 5 Hiis 22 7 2 5 E 2 5 i 3 5 H 30 7 3 5 3 5 41 4 5 112 394 4 5 115 4 5 123 2 115 5 5 Ee 48 8 5 5 5 a 1 5 5 2 57 106 58 1 a a 66 3 120 116 119 s 72 6 E is 9 5 77 8 9 5 79 9 5 39 BCE Ltd VSP IMV This Page Left Intentionally Blank 40 BCE Ltd VSP IMV This Page Left Intentionally Blank 41 BCE Ltd VSP IMV This Page Left Intentionally Blank 42 BCE Ltd VSP IMV This Page Left Intentionally Blank 343 BCE Ltd VSP IMV This Page Left Intentionally Blank 44
38. ptions Help mzae reR anm Merged Viewer Shoot modulus werged 000 MPa Co 232 CI 218 063 204 125 EJ 190 186 Transparent ES 176 25 162 313 Animate 146 375 9 124 426 Light 12 5 106 563 Zoom Out 22 625 e EN 76 686 Zoom In 6 7 EX 50 818 E sen Colors 22 936 Copy Z xes Blend Position Options N 43 34 Iw 116 13 Probe Demo probe IN 43 3 Iw 116 0 pe 000 Y 480 E 200 8323MPa Figure 29 Superposition of 3D cone surfaces onto 2D tomographic cross sections illustrated in Figure 31 28 BCE Ltd VSP IMV The viewing options for 3D merged viewer are nearly identical to those for the standard 3D viewer except for the additional functionality provided for in Options In addition the Cone Cube option is not made available due to the nature ofthe FM DSM merging algorithm Only cone cross sections and surfaces are displayed in the 3D merged viewer The 3D viewer of the merged FMDSM cross sections has the additional Options of 3D Filling Areas between offsets and Active V2D The options of 3D Filling and Areas between offsets allow the user to fill the areas between adjacent merged cross sections and cone surface with appropriately attribute coloured spheres i e reflecting displayed elastic constants value The 3D Filling user interface tab is shown in Figure 30 a The Dot Size parameter identifies th
39. rd techniques Allowance for measurement weights to be specified the possibility to incorporate unlimited input data e g crossover point arrival times maximum cross correlation time shifts angles of incidence and P wave S wave time separations into the interval velocity estimation algorithm The ability to accurately interpolate interval velocities when measurement data is not available e Provides meaningful error residuals which indicate the accuracy of the estimated interval velocity The FMDSM user interface window is enabled by either selecting sub menu Run gt Data Inversion or by selecting the from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window Figure 14 shows the main FMDSM user interface window 14 BCE Ltd VSP IMV y Forward Modeling Downhill Simplex Method Source Offset Parameters Radial 1 Depth 0 Refraction Start Ny Mid m End O Steps 20 H 0 0 05 1 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 B 65 7 75 8 85 9 9 5 Receiver 01 Depth m Figure 14 Main graphical interface screen in the FMDSM software option The firststep inimplementingthe FMDSM is for the userto specify important parameters of source Radial Offset source Depth offset and enable disable raypath Refraction Radial The radial offset of the DST source from the seismic receiver Depth The depth offset of the DST source from the ground surface Refraction The user
40. res 25 a b and c The Active offsets user interface tab shown in Figure 25 a allows the user to individually turn off the display of configured Offsets and their corresponding FMDSM profiles This is advantageous in the sense that the in the standard 3D viewer the FMDSM profiles have not been merged and the user would most likely prefer to view a specified Offset with it s corresponding profiles gig 3D options Active offsets Miscellaneous Number of layers Offset 1 Offset 2 Offset 3 Offset 4 X Cancel Figure 25 a Active offsets user interface tab within the 3D Options for the standard viewer Figure 25 b illustrates the Miscellaneous user interface tab The Miscellaneous option allows the user to set the 3D graphical display fonts and the Animate rotation rate Figure 25 c illustrates the Number of Layers user interface tab The Number of Layers option allows the user to specify the number of stratigraphic layers to display For example Figure 26 illustrated a standard 3D graphical display with Offsets 1 and 4 enabled Cube display set and Number of Layers set to 3 24 BCE Ltd VSP IMV options Active offsets Miscellaneous Number of layers Legend font Rotation rate m sec Change font 050 3D chart options Color Font Size Dot size default size is 1 0 1 0 x Cancel Figure 25 b Miscellaneous user interface tab within the 3D Option
41. s are automatically set based upon the previously specified seismic probe depths Depth If the user requires to derive unknown or V interval velocities via Poisson s Ratio and the Elastic Constants database then these values must firstly be set to zero within the appropriate P wave or S wave velocity profile window The interval velocities to be calculated via Poisson s ratio can be initialized to zero by selecting push buttons Clear P wave data or Clear S wave data in the Velocity inversion profiles user interface tab as was illustrated in Figure 9 Once the user has populated the database under study with the appropriate time and weight information he she selects push button OK shown in Figures 15 and 16 The user then selects ico E within the main FMDSM user interface window in order to implement the FMDSM algorithm and have corresponding interval velocities estimated The user may abort the FMDSM by selecting icon E Upon completion of the FMDSM a graphical screen similar to that illustrated in Figure 17 appears Figure 17 illustrates a graphical representation of the estimated interval velocities with ray tracing implemented by checking box Ray Trace The colour gradient ofthe graphic can be changed by selecting push buttons Start Mid and End Dial Steps allows the user to modify the colour step increments in the interval velocity display The estimated intervalvelocities are automatically entered into the previously selected P wave pr
42. s for the standard viewer ss 3D options Active offsets Miscellaneous Number of layers Number of layers fio X Cancel Figure 25 c Number of layers user interface tab within the 3D Options for the standard viewer 25 BCE Ltd VSP IMV VPS IMV 3D YSP Viewer Shear modulus NE nj x Fie Run View Window Options Help 8 x zzria gwEeR B50 Sidings MPa Cl 1 164 625 B E Dotted 3 143 875 133 5 Cone Cube 123 125 BH 12 7 Transparent IB 102 375 EE 92 Animal 61 625 Armee OB mas E 60 97 cen ms amp E 40 125 Zoom Out E 29 75 Q 19 375 Zoom In Colors Copy X ZAxes Blend E Position Options Figure 26 Illustration of a standard 3D graphical display with Offsets 1 and 4 enabled Cube display set and Num ber of Layers set to 3 2 5 2 3D Viewer merged The 3D viewer for the merged FMDSM databases is enabled by selecting sub menu View gt 3D Viewer merged or by selecting the icon from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window The 3D Viewer merged menu option is nearly identical to the standard 3D viewer interface illustrated in Figure 23 The only difference is that the 3D Viewer merged user interface identifies whether an elastic parameter has been merged The steps in obtaining a 3D view of the desired merged interval velocity or elastic constant are outlined as follows Select appropriate country Co
43. sets therefore there should be four entries under Merged cross section index as is shown in Figure 30 c Figure 31 illustrates a merged 3D view where viewing options C sections Transparent Light and Merged cross section index s 2 and 3 have been enabled In additions the area in these selected zones has been filled at stratigraphic layers 1 and 3 815 Active offsets Miscellaneous Number of layers filing Areas between offsets Active V2D Dot size default size is 1 0 1 0 Dots density 3000 X Cancel Figure 30 a 3D filling user interface tab 8 1 Active offsets Miscellaneous Number of layers 3D filing Areas between offsets Active va v x Select All Clear All Visible CrossSectontt Layer Offset ttt xr cec umi lt amp lt lt lt lt K amp S amp amp S JK Figure 30 b Areas between offsets user interface tab 29 BCE Ltd VSP IMV x Cancel Figure 30 c Active V2D user interface tab gig VPS IMV 3D Merged VSP Viewer Shear modulus merged Bl x File Run View Window Options Help x 22 FECR BEN _ Sidings MPa v s C Sections 218 He 204 125 Dotted 190 188 X 176 25 Transparent E 162 313 iB 140 375 Animate 124 426 E EN 12 5 T IB 106 563 Light El 92 625 EN 76 688 Zoom Out EE 64 75 a
44. sites and associated cone pushes and or boreholes FM DSM profile and elastic constants databases is shown in Figure 6 This interface is enabled by either selecting sub menu gt Edit Databases or by selecting the icon amp l from the toolbar illustrated in the main VSP IMV interface window BCE Ltd VSP IMV i VPS IMV Countries DER EE Options ET x Figure 5 b Adding a new country in the Countries List database BCE Ltd VSP IMV 818 VPS IMV Edit Vertical Seismic Profiles 3E File Run View Window Options Help zmzx g BEN Countries tay Activate country filter Site name Current vertical seismic probe Site Rome 2 Probe 1 Current 5 profile Pi Add t Delete Rome CS 1 Seismic Probes Offset Velocity inversion profiles P wave profile 5 profile Elastic Constants Personnel Site Conditions Type of Source Soil Conditions Special Notes Latitude deg min sec Set province state 41 0 N SH Hammer Beam l azio Longitude deg min sec gt oc mi Date Time 12 8 2007 2 00 00 PM x Cancel Figure 6 Main VSP IMV user interface for site configuration database The first step in configuring a new site for a particular country and province is for the user to populate the Site Parameters tab ie SCSite db as follows Select the Site Parameters tab Enable check box
45. ther Velocity inversion profiles must be specified in the same fashion for the current Seismic Probe and corresponding Offset i e Velocity inversion profile 1 of Offset 2 sits in the NW corner and all subsequent Velocity inversion profiles are specified in CCW order 2 Itis mandatory that all specified Offsets and their corresponding Velocity inversion profiles are synchronized with one another For example referring to Figure 2 Offset 1 gt Velocity Inversion profile 3 SC3 should be specified in the same order in the Velocity inversion profiles list 1 e third down from the top of the list as Offset 2 gt Velocity Inversion profile 3 SC3 This allows for the automation of the database merging algorithm which is subsequently outlined in Section 2 2 3 3 For proper 3D vieiwing The V SP IM V database requires that the same number of Velocity inversion profiles be specified for each Offset For example if Offset 1 has 2 3 4 Velocity inversion profiles then Offsets 2 N require 2 3 4 Velocity inversion profiles 10 BCE Ltd VSP IMV 2 2 2 5 VSP IMV Elastic Constants Database Configuration Accurate in situ P wave and S wave velocity profiles are essential in geotechnical foundation designs These parameters are used in both static and dynamic soil analysis where the elastic constants are input variables into the models defining the different states of deformations such as elastic elasto plastic and failure Finn
46. tton in the Velocity inversion profiles interface tab and type in an appropriate Cross section or FMDSM name Enter corresponding source east and north offset meters from seismic probe a Repeat the above Velocity inversion profiles configuration steps until all FMDSM profiles for the selected Offset have been specified Select push button OK The configuration ofthe P wave Profiles and S wave Profiles databases is outlined in Section 2 3 where the FMDSM user interface is explained in detail BCE Ltd VSP IMV ziS VPS IMV Edit Vertical Seismic Profiles 3E File Run View Window Options Help mzri g wWEOR BEN Countries Italy Activate country filter Site name Current vertical seismic probe Site Rome Probe 1 Current FMDSM profile Pi Add ti Delete Rome CS 1 Pi Add Clear P wave data Delete Clear S wave data Figure 9 Velocity inversion profile user interface tab Important Database Configuration Notes When configuring a VSP IMV database it is mandatory that there is consistency when specifying the Velocity inversion profiles for each Offset This allows for proper 3D viewing Referring to Figure 2 the following three related items must be adhered to 1 All Velocity inversion profiles must be specified in the same order For example if Offset 1 Velocity inversion profiles start in the North West corner and are specified in counter clockwise order CCW then all o
47. untries province or state Province State and Site Name Select the desired Probes name from the Probes column Select the desired Parameter to be displayed from the Parameter column Select the push button View 3D 26 BCE Ltd VSP IMV Figure 27 illustrates a typical merged 3D graphical view where there are eight 2D tomographic images which have sensor source offsets of 2 m 4 m 6 mand 8 m and go down to a depth of 10 m at 1 m increments The combined bearing lines of the cross sections provide fora 360 view around the seismic cone test hole where cross sections are offset from one another by 45 5 x File Run View Window Options Help gt amp F erged YSP Viewer Shear modulus merged Sidings C Sections D olled 4 Transparent Animate Light Q Zoom Out Zoom In Colors Copy Z Axes Blend Position Options N 43 34 wine Probe Demo probe IN 43 we o v 480 Z 200 8323 Figure 27 Typical graphical view of merged FMDSM databases The display in the 3D viewer is user interactive in the sense that the user can click on a specific area within the 3D view and obtain the location and magnitude ofthe interval parameter for the selected area For example in Figure 27 the area of interestis highlighted by ared rectangular box and the numerical position and interval value of the top left hand corner of the box is dis
48. ure 15 FMDSM main database interface window ah 16 Figure 16 Automatic insertion of the estimated interval velocities and corresponding error residuals into the S wave profile d tabase us ut t erdt Eae cA cs a ts Vico anpra ud 16 Figure 17 FMDSM graphical screen after completion of the interval velocity profile estimation 17 Figure 18 2D Viewer userinterface essc Ede ba EES 19 Figure 19 Plot of V interval velocities utilizing option Incremental Depth within 2D Viewer 20 Figure 20 Plot of V interval velocities utilizing option Depth Bars within 2D Viewer 20 Figure 21 Chart editing dialogue box 21 Figure 22 Chart printing dialogue epeei rr 21 Figure 23 3D Viewer user interface 0 nee hh e 22 Figure 24 Typical 3D graphical view of FM DSM databases 23 Figure 25 a Active offsets user interface tab within the 3D Options for the standard viewer 24 Figure 25 b Miscellaneous user interface tab within the 3D Options for the standard viewer 25 Figure 25 c Number of layers user interface tab within the 3D Options for the standard viewer 25 Figure 26 Illustration of a standard 3D graphical display with
49. user interface Figure 24 illustrates a typical 3D graphical viewer for the FMDSM databases In this case the shear modulus elastic constants are displayed The tool bar at the bottom of the viewer shown in Figure 24 displays the Site latitude and longitude positional information and the Probe Name with it s corresponding latitude and longitude positional information The user can move the centre position of the viewer by pressing down on the left hand mouse button and moving the image as desired The image can be rotated by pressing down on the right hand mouse button and rotating the image as desired The viewing options made available to the user consist of Sidings C Sections Dotted Cone Cube Transparent Animate Light Zoom Out Zoom In Colors Copy Z axis Blend Position and Options Many of these viewing options are self explanatory but for completeness they are subsequently outlined as follows 2225 BCE Ltd VSP IMV Sidings when this option is enabled the individual 2D FMDSM cross sections are displayed Since the FMDSM databases do not contain the merged tomographic results this option in the standard 3D Viewer only overlays the results from all the FMDSM cross sections for a particular Probe C Sections when enabled the FM DSM cross sections are displayed Dotted this option allows the user to alternate between a dotted and grid based frame of reference Cone Cube this option allows the user to alternate between a cone m
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