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PentaMetric Instruction Manual

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1. FIGURE 4 PentaMetric Connections to input unit removable 9 pin connector BOGART ENGINEERING 8 15 05 Section 3 Installation of PentaMetric Section 3A Hardware installation wiring instructions SAFETY WARNING Only a qualified person who understands electrical safety procedures should install the shunts and meter Batteries if accidentally shorted can cause intense heat Systems with greater than 35 volts can present shock hazards CAUTION To prevent possibly severe damage to the PentaMetric input unit BEFORE APPLYING POWER BY CONNECTING THE 9 PIN GREEN CONNECTOR step 5 below pay particular attention to the following All shunts must be located in the negative side of the battery system One way to verify this and also insure that a wiring error will not result in a puff of smoke coming from your PentaMetric before plugging in the 9 pin green connector perform the following test using a multimeter With multimeter set to read volts first connect the negative probe to pin 1 of green connector See figure 4 Then check the voltage using the positive lead checking each pin from 3 through 9 Be sure that the voltage at pins 4 through 9 are all near 0 less than 0 1 volts The ONLY pins that it is OK to have a higher voltage usually battery system voltage is at pins 2 and 3 Voltage here must be positive not negative 1 It is advisable to make a drawing of the shunts and wiring to PentaMetric 2 Disconnect DC power
2. measured here are not exactly the values that should be used when entering the battery efficiency or self discharge amounts in program mode 34 and 35 The values measured represent the most pessimistic values that should be programmed there since this value measures also the loss due to gassing of the battery at top of charge However it results in a lower value of efficiency factor than should be entered as the assumed battery efficiency P34 and P35 or conversely a high value of self discharge current How this data is displayed It is most easily observed by downloading the data using the computer interface See below in this section However it is also shown in the display unit as display data AD29 through AD40 These display the efficiency factor in 3 ways 1 the efficiency and self discharge current calculated for the last most recent charge discharge cycle 2 the efficiency calculated for the last four cycles and 3 the efficiency calculated for the last 15 cycles Due to the lack of space in the display these show up as somewhat cryptic displays as shown and interpreted here Note that in the following in the 4 cycle and 15 cycle cases below if this number cycles have not yet accumulated the result will be shown for the number of cycles already accumulated For example if only 3 cycles total have been recorded the 4 cycle result would show as B1 03CySd y yy Asimilar statement holds
3. Battery voltage high This results in an alarm when battery 1 voltage AD1 or AD2 is greater than battery high voltage setpoint or battery 1 battery full AD22 or AD23 is greater than battery high setpoint To set these refer to Section 6 A under P22 P24 P27 P29 6 E 4 Time to recharge battery The purpose of this alarm is to remind you to recharge the battery if too much time has elapsed since it was last charged To maximize their life lead acid batteries should not go too long between being fully charged By entering a number of days for example 5 in P37 and enabling this alarm it will remind you to charge the batteries fully if more than 5 days have elapsed since the PentaMetric sensed that the batteries were charged The time entered here applies to both battery 1 and battery 2 Refer to Section 6 A under P23 P25 P37 for setup information 6 E 5 Time to equalize battery With liquid electrolyte lead acid batteries it is often recommended to equalize a battery system periodically for example every 30 to 60 days Equalization is a controlled overcharge of the batteries In some cases this is accomplished by the user initiating the process Some inverters or charge controllers may do automatic periodic equalizations however this alarm would typically be used to remind a user to equalize batteries when the equalization requires operator intervention to accomplish It
4. amps values that vary somewhat erratically such as wind charging current to get a better idea of the average amps being delivered by a wind generator that may have varying speed with the changing wind As described in more detail in section AD3 and AD4 Program mode P16 is used to select the time constant of filtering Only one choice of 29 filter time is possible this same number is used for ALL filtering functions so filtered volts and filtered amps must have the same filter time applied There is also an option for no filtering if desired The labels for these 3 items are determined by Program mode P7 P8 and P9 Amps label see section above for AD7 AD8 AD9 for a description of these AD13 AD14 AD15 1Amp hours AD13 2Amp hours AD14 3Amp hours AD15 Two options for 1Amp hours and 2 Amp hours AD13 and AD14 can be is used for two somewhat different purposes depending on whether the Amps1 or Amps 2 is being used to measure battery current or current from a charging source or load How you set this up will depend on which purpose it is used for Note that AD15 3 amp hours can only be used for the second purpose Using amp hours to keep track of battery energy content option 1 When used for this purpose it measures the number of amp hours removed from a fully charged battery A fully charged battery is indicated by zero amp hours As energy is removed the value of amp hours will become gradually more negat
5. for a description of the 11 different types of displays available and their meaning 6 C Reference section Detailed description of the three Logged data functions 6 C 1 Periodic logged data Program Modes affecting this function P39 P40 P41 P42 P45 NOTE If you use this function you should download the document How to graph and analyze renewable system performance using the PentaMetric logged data This function can periodically record amp hours watt hours max and min temperature battey full volts or amps You have many choices of how many times per day to record this data The amp hour and watt hour measurements record the amount accumulated during successive fixed time intervals from as long as 24 hours to as short as 1 2 hour using the PentaMetric remote display or as short as 1 minute with the computer interface For example it could be used to record daily solar or wind production or the amount of solar production in each 1 hour interval which would result in 24 amp hour measurements per day Or you could record the amount of solar input and wind input per day and read the wind and solar data separately from two amp hour channels Up to 8 measurements can be made simultaneously Amp hr1 Amp hr2 Amp hr3 Watt hr 1 Watt hr2 and Max and min temperature can be made with the PentaMetric display unit With the computer interface you have four additional choices of recording filtered Volts 1 AD3 filte
6. 2 to pin 3 This will allow the meter to measure Watts and Watt hours on its Watts 2 or Watt hr 2 channel if desired 4 Run 4 wire cable from input unit to PentaMetric display unit if used and the computer interface if used Cable requirements We recommend twisted pair wire such as Cat5 cable For a short run less than 50 feet probably any 4 wire cable will be OK For longer runs use twisted pair wire with minimum size wires of AWG 24 up to 600 ft or AWG 22 up to 1000 ft If more convenient you may wire the computer interface to the display unit then wire either of these to the input unit Remove or obtain the 4 wire connector that plugs into the input unit If using twisted pair wires one twisted pair should be used for the left two terminals and another twisted pair should be used for the right two terminals The wires should be connected in this sequence The wire going to the left terminal looking from the wire entry side on the plug in connector should go the left terminal also looking from the wire entry side of the display unit Likewise for the computer interface The remaining three wires should be connected to the terminals in the same left to right sequence For further guidance look at the markings on the circuit board identifying the terminals 4 3 When using twisted pair it s important that 4 3 be on one pair Before plugging it in to the input unit check wires for correct order on all devic
7. 50mV shunt Smoothed time filtered Volts with time constant of 0 5 2 or 8 minutes 2 channels 0 100 Volts Watts 2 channels Volts1x Amps1 and Volts2 x Amps2 01 20 000 watts Watt hours 2 channels 21 000 kilowatt hours Battery full 2 channels 0 100 Days since batteries charged 2 channels 01 250 days Days since batteries equalized 2 channels 01 250 days Data logging functions Memory can hold up to months of data depending on how frequently and how many different data are collected With computer interface these can be output to spreadsheet file Log the following from once day to up to once minute Use to confirm that charging systems or loads are performing normally Amp hours 3 channels Watt hours 2 channels Temperature min max 1 channel Volts 2 channels Amps 1 channel Battery Full 1 channel Log battery discharge profile Records volts and amps every time charge level changes by 5 or 10 This checks that battery capacity is still OK by observing that battery voltage does not decline excessively as charge level drops Log battery charge efficiency factor and average battery self discharge current for each charge discharge cycle For each charge discharge cycle Records cycle length total amp hours charged total amp hours discharged computed average self discharge current and charge amp hour efficiency Relay output Supplies voltage at system voltage to turn relay on and
8. B 1 The PentaMetric input Unit 2 2 0 cec ccc ccecce cece ee ceee eee ce cence ees eaeeeceeeeeeeceaaaeaeeeeeeeesesencanaeeeeeeeeesesaees 6 Figure 1 PentaMetric Wiring GiaQraim ccecceceeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeseeecaeeeseeieeeeeenaeeeseaes 7 1 B 2 The PentaMetric display Unit c ccccccceceeeciedeeccaneceetenedeeeeccddesehactueseetcueeeediendeedercdadeetueastenticneeeesa 8 1 B 3 The PentaMetric computer interface cececceceececeeeeeeeeeneaeeeeeeeeeseceaeaeeeeeeeseesecsiaeeseeeesetsneees 8 Figure 2 Display unit Main display mode 0 ceecceeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeseeaeeeeeeneeeseeneeeneeaes 9 Figure 3 Display unit Other Data MOdES ccccceeeeeeeeee scene ee ee etneeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaeeeeesaeeeeetiaeeeeeiaaes 10 1 C Summary of the 29 specific real time measurements made by the PentaMetric e 11 1 C 1 Battery volts amps amp hours watts watt hours for up to 2 battery systemS 05 11 1 C 2 State of charge for up to 2 battery banks cessie iinne eE RE aaiae EEn RE Tna 11 1 C 3 Cumulative negative amp hours for up to 2 battery banks 2000 ee eeeeeee eee eeeeenteeeeeeneeeeeeeaas 11 1 0 4 Charging or load current amps ANd AMP NOUS eee eee e ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeenaeeeeeteaas 11 1 C 5 Charging or load watts and watt NOUMS 0 0 cece eeeeee ee eeeneeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeeenaeeeeetianeeeenaes 11 1 0 6 Day
9. Battery discharge profile display mode BH See section 4 4 3 This data may be particularly useful using the computer interface because it is easier to use the computer to graph and analyze the data comparing it with past discharge profiles to identify a trend that would point to future capacity failure In addition the computer will show the days but not the time when the data was recorded Size of memory It records a maximum of 744 data points after which it will write over the oldest data first For example if the batteries go through one cycle per day and go from 100 to 48 each day and if data is collected every 5 the system would record usually 11 events while being discharged and 11 events while being charged for a total of 22 per day This number could be higher if during discharge the batteries are partially charged again causing an extra 5 boundary point to be crossed again after which further discharge occurs If one battery is being monitored it would monitor about 33 days before overwriting the old data 33 6 C 3 System battery efficiency cycle logged data Program modes affecting data P14 P15 P32 P33 P47 Data always on This type of data is always on it does not need to be programmed on It is available either from the display unit using display modes AD29 through AD40 or as a downloaded file using the computer interface The downloaded file can then be accessed on your
10. Connect these two to a shunt VOLTS 1 To Battery plus terminal that measures charging source or load This must be connected in order to not usually a battery shunt Connect supply power to meter Nominal battery and as same as described for voltage from 12 48 Max volts 65V terminals 4 5 SHUNT 2 Connect these VOLTS 2 To second battery or voltag two to second battery shunt measurement The meter takes no powe or charging or load shunt from this terminal Does not need to b Connect and as same as connected unless watts 2 watt hr 2 o described for terminals 4 5 volts 2 is used 3 a SHUNT 1 Connect these two to battery shunt or other shunt The terminal goes to the little Kelvin terminal electrically closest to the battery negative The terminal goes to the Kelvin terminal electrically farthest from the battery negative 1 Decide how many shunts you need to measure from 1 to 3 If less than 3 connect all shunt terminals that will remain unused from 4 9 above to terminal 1 shown above to battery minus terminals using a wire jumper 2 Connect wires from battery and shunts to the 9 pin connector as shown here 3 Then re check the connections especially that the one to the plus terminal of the battery system second from left shown above All unused shunt terminals should be connected together and then to terminal 1 page 16
11. Getting logged data i a ERE E ati eae cndsctaaa ated a ata a eae AAE 22 Section 6 PentaMetric reference section ccccecceceeceeceeceececeeceeceececceceeceeseeeeeees 22 6A Detailed description of each program option total 49 ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 22 How to access program modes with the PentaMetric Display Unitt ec cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeenaeees 22 PIPS Switch selects 2Acn cishiidsacian Wada idan ad aie ada aetna ada 23 PE VORT labeli ici tenn hee ih lh echoes iain Adal 23 Pif P9xAmpsilabelS sesteciict ide ace teh eaters iene teat a ta at teeta a desig edi reer late a AS 23 P475P12 P1352 NUN TYPO v3 cdieeteteet aiadts a a e hen aecrtantan sides ceded E EO ranted asad 23 P14 P15 B1 and B2 battery capacity ierann eh aaah ei AVEREA AEA AENEAN 23 P16 Filter time Constants harre idee Ait Mandi as edie Wine acini cdi ae ee 24 P17 P20 Charge control parameters ooroo iar errie ae E EEA EEAO AAEE EAER E EENEN DS TARPEEN NAKEN E 24 P22 P23 Alann Levels tor battery I rroi ona aer A EEEE AAEE A eee AA A 24 P24 P25 Alarm Levels for battery 2 cin dearer eaaa ei ARAO NATET ion ARAO ANAA AERA A RRA 24 P26 Batt 1 low battery alarm critena anicar erer a eaor E ea E AARE ARA 24 P27 Batt 1 high battery alarm criteria 0 0 2 0 ccc cece cecceece cece eeeeeeee cee eeeeeeeecceaeaeeeeeeesececaeceeeeeeeeseeicnieeeeeeeeteees 24 P28 Batt 2 low battery alarm Criteria ee ceeeceee cence ee eeeeee a aaee EAR ea a A AR
12. However it can also be viewed using the Display Unit as described here This data is intended to show if your battery bank may be getting low on capacity capacity is how much total charge the battery bank can hold in amp hours To do this it regularly records the filtered battery volts and amps as the battery discharges and charges whenever the battery full display AD22 or AD23 decreases or increases by an additional 5 or 10 state of charge When this mode is entered you will observe that BH is shown as the first two letters in the top line of the display Note that the lamps by the right and left arrow switches will occasionally blink indicating that these switches will now influence the display Refer to figure 3 for a summary of switch functions for this mode Assuming that such data has been set up to be recorded see Section 6 C 2 and the PentaMetric has run long enough to collect at least one data point pushing the left arrow button will allow you to view the data going back in time the right arrow goes forward The display shows the full amount the volts and the amps Note that if you are collecting data for two battery banks data for the two banks will be intermixed As an example suppose the battery is fully charged As you push the left arrow switch you can trace back in time and look at the battery amps and volts when the battery was 95 90 85 charged until you go as low as the batte
13. PMComm all data may be viewed and all programmed parameters may be controlled from the computer Up to 6 real time data may be simultaneously viewed Also logged data may be downloaded to the computer for display or further analysis using a spreadsheet program such as Excel Here are the three computer interface types All these will operate simultaneously with the Display Unit above However only one of the following may be used at one time 1 RS232 interface PM 100 C This connects to an older computer RS232 serial connector 2 USB interface PM 102 USB This connects to the USB connector of a computer 3 Ethernet interface PM 101 CE This connects to an Ethernet connection on a computer and may be accessed there or may connect directly to an internet router If the PentaMetric location has a static IP address then PentaMetric data may be accessed anywhere remotely on the internet Solamp Batt Amps Bat Ful Bat volts Days Sol amp hr since charged When an item is showing in the display that can be reset this indicator light will go on When lighted pushing RESET will show in display which of possible 2 items will be reset If the wrong item quickly release and push again Holding RESET down will show a timer number in the display that will quickly go from 9 to 0 The RESET will not occur until the number goes to 0 Label for top 5 switches Each switch can be assigned arbitrarily up to
14. and install up to 3 shunts in necessary locations using large cables of the same size as are presently used for conducting current from the batteries As shown in figure 1 they must be placed in the negative side of the battery system such that all the current that you wish the meter to read will pass through them If placed in the positive side it will not measure properly and may damage the meter 3 Mount PentaMetric input unit Remove cover of input unit Remove or obtain the 9 pin connector that plugs into the input unit All wires from the batteries will attach to this connector Refer to figure 4 Drawing of 9 pin connector that shows how to connect the battery and terminals and also all the shunts It is of course much easier to wire while the plug is removed from the input unit The wire used has no special requirements NOTE 1 When installing the wire from the end of the battery install an in line fuse 2 A fast blow near the wire of the battery This provides protection for the wires in case of short and provides an easy way to disconnect power to the PentaMetric if needed The reason for a fast blow fuse is that it has less voltage drop to make voltage measurements a little more accurate NOTE 2 Any unused connections to shunt inputs must connect to pin 1 of the connector battery minus terminal NOTE 3 If you are not using Battery volts 2 we suggest connecting this input to pin 2 i e connect pin
15. cost of a lot of button pushing to get there Allocation to display items to particular switches is accomplished by program modes P1 P5 Refer to programming section 6 A under P1 P5 for details on how to do this A paper label identifying your choices for each switch which fits in the pocket of the PentaMetric display may be made by visiting the bogartengineering com website and downloading a Word file called PentaMetric Label template Then modify the text using the Microsoft Word program according to the switch allocations you have decided upon and print it Instructions are in that file Finally for each display option you have chosen above refer to its detailed display description in Section 6 B Each program mode that affects that display option is listed there Then for each such program mode check Section 6 A for how to set the correct programmed data to insure that the display will show correct data Section 4 User s instructions for display unit 4 A Refer to figures 2 and 3 There are five display modes These are selected by other displays switch Most of the time it will be in the 5 switch display mode which allows the commonly used data to be accessed by the top row of 5 switches and also gives the user access to the alarms when they occur The other 4 modes are used more occasionally for special purposes The quickest way to understand these is to refer to Figures 2 and 3 Then read text below Secti
16. for the 15 cycle case AD29 One Cycle Efficiency Factor B1 01CyEff yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last cycle had measured efficiency factor yy AD30 One Cycle Self Discharge current B1 01CySd y yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last cycle had measured self discharge current y yy amps AD31 Four Cycle Maximum Efficiency Factor B1 04CyEff yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last 4 cycles had average efficiency factor yy AD32 Four Cycle Maximum Self Discharge current B1 04CySd y yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last 4 cycles had self discharge current y yy amps AD33 15 Cycle Maximum Efficiency Factor B1 15CyEff yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last 15 cycles had efficiency factor yy AD34 15 Cycle Maximum Self Discharge current B1 15CySd y yy Interpretation Battery 1 for the last 15 cycles had self discharge current y yy amps AD35 AD40 Similar to above but for battery 2 The Computer download of logged data shows this data much more clearly In the download file PM Date BatCycEfficy csv the data is shown in a 10 column spreadsheet table 1 Date Time that the cycle began 2 Whether the cycle was valid or not 3 Cycle length in hours 4 Total discharge only in that cycle 5 Total charge only in that cycle 6 the net amp hours which is the difference 35 between the charge and discharge amp hours 7 Charge efficiency which is
17. hours1 AD16 Cumulative discharging Amp Rours2 ADA7 scciatt eee Ae ede iene ete aden eee eee eee 30 AD18 AD19 Watts WattS2 citi eat a a a e ade e Aaa ade ate 31 AD20 AD21 Watt hours1 AD20 Watt hours2 AD21 0 ecceeceeeeee etter erent ee ee tneeeeeeteeeeeeaeeeeeeneeeeee 31 AD22 AD23 Battery Percent full 1 AD22 Battery Percent full2 AD23 0 ec eeeeeeeeteteeeeenteeeerene 31 AD24 AD25 Days since charged for batt1 AD24 and batt2 AD25 0 0 2 eceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeetnneeeeees 31 AD26 AD27 Days since equalized bat1 AD26 bat2 AD27 ecceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeteneeeeettaeeeeetnaeeeeeee 32 AD26 Temperature siic et seas enenge a ceive aa dene denser n el bectd tea Maier aa selves aecie clei a ar desta Ea 32 AD29 40 Charge cycle efficiency and self discharge data eceeceeeeeeeteeeeeteneeeeetnieeeeeetieeeeetneeeeee 32 6 C Reference section Detailed description of the three Logged data functions Suis LS Rota tts cu cise ea Se aa cetacean tt E cua ee ces 32 6 C 2 Battery discharge profile Logged Data 00 0 eee eeenneeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeseeaeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeseneeeeeeaes 33 6 C 3 System battery efficiency cycle logged data ee eceeeceeeeeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeenaeeeeeeenaeeeeeines 34 6 D Output control Relay programming and operation seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 36 6 E List of each alarm option total 10 ssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn
18. item 4 divided by item 5 8 Self discharge current which is item 6 divided by item 3 9 Same as item 7 except averaged over some number N of cycles and 10 Same as item 8 except averaged over some number N of cycles The number N can be selected in the options box under Efficiency average cycles Over 100 efficiency possible Another thing that should be kept in mind is that it is actually possible for a battery system to appear to be more than 100 efficient and the battery would then appear to have a self charging or positive current instead of a self discharge negative current according to this measurement That can occur when the battery system experiences warm ambient temperature during the first time it is charged fully but after one cycle takes place the next time the batteries are a lot colder at the moment the cycle ends At a colder temperature the batteries can t absorb as much energy Under these conditions it may take fewer amp hours to get up to the voltage amp criteria than were discharged making the measurement read over 100 efficient However this is rarely sustained for more than 1 cycle since the temperature can t drop forever and unlikely for 4 cycles If later the temperature rises again for the opposite reason as described above the battery may now appear unusually inefficient over 1 cycle as the battery will happily absorb more amp hours now to get up to the same apparent state of charge now tha
19. not with others and in many cases when they don t it is difficult to get information on why they don t Eventually if we can find a foolproof solution to this problem we will revise these instructions to include this information Meanwhile you may have to try one and see if it works with your computer and suffer the frustration typical of this kind of computer experience Typically you will need to install software with an accompanying disk to make it work We have tried a model made by Radio Shack which worked on some USB ports but not with others We had more luck with one made by Cables Unlimited model USB 2920 purchased at a local computer store but information is also available on their web site www cablesunlimited com Also there are several made by B amp B electronics bb elec com One possible advantage of the latter vendor is that they appear to have people accessible by phone to help with technical problems which are very common with this type of installation Generally it would be a good idea to determine before purchase that you can get your money back if it doesn t work 1 Get the PMComm software The PentaMetric interface PMComm software must be loaded into the computer The latest program may be downloaded from the website www bogartengineering com You may copy the program file to any desired location in your computer by using Windows explorer You may want to put a shortcut icon onto your computer desktop for con
20. off at specified voltage levels and or battery state of charge Maximum current 1 Amp Audible and visual alarms Audible or visual alarms for Low voltage or low state of charge High voltage battery is charged too many days since charged too many days since equalized Size Input Unit and Display unit equal sizes including mounting flanges 4 1 4 in x 6 1 2 x 1 3 4 10 8 x 16 5 x 4 5 cm Computer interface 4 x 2 x 1 in 10 x 5 2 x 2 5 cm Power requirements Input unit only 0 5 watt Input unit plus display unit While display backlight bright 1 5 watts After display backlight dims 1 watt Section 1 Overview of PentaMetric capability 1 A PentaMetric system general capability The PentaMetric battery system monitor provides comprehensive and flexible battery monitoring for a variety of different types of battery systems which are charged by solar wind or generators It is intended to be most useful for systems which are regularly charged and partially discharged rather than backup power systems that are only rarely called upon to be discharged such as uninterruptible power systems UPS The system can monitor up to two battery banks simultaneously with a common negative connection A typical application would be to monitor a lead acid battery system with capacity of from 10 to 10000 amp hours with system voltage from 12 to 48 volts with one or more charging systems such as a solar array wind powe
21. restored assuming that you have recorded the initial date and time that was entered P39 Periodic logged data measurement time This specifies the time in 24 hour format when one of the periodic data measurements is to be taken Refer also to section 6 C 1 Periodic logged data If only one measurement per day is to be taken this will specify the daily time of measurement If more than one per day is to be taken this will be one of the times and the other times during that day will be spaced equally in the day For example if data is being collected two times per day and this is set to 10 00 the two times when data will be collected is 10 00 and 22 00 10AM and 10PM P40 Periodic logged data measurement times day This is the number of times per day that the periodic logged data measurements are to be taken It can be set at 1 2 4 6 12 24 48 times per day However if the computer interface is used these plus more options are possible allowing measurements up to 1 per minute P41and P42 Periodic logged data Select data P41 and P42 allow you to select what type of Periodic logged data data you wish to record P41 allows the options to choose any combination of these Amp Hr 1 Amp Hr2 and Amp Hr3 P42 allows the options Watt hour1 Watt hour2 and Max min Temp With the computer interface it is also possible to select filtered volts1 and or filtered Amps1 See also Section 6 C 1 Periodi
22. the alarm off view switch which will also silence the audible alarm and show in the display what the alarm is In the event of several simultaneous alarms they will alternate in sequence in the display Pushing the alarm off view again will cause the alarm displays to disappear however the red alarms active lamp will continue to flash as long as the alarm is still valid The audible alarm will not sound again until another alarm event begins For more information about specific alarms see section 6 E RESET functions Some display items can be manually reset For example amp hours or watt hours days since charged days since equalized can be manually reset to 0 if desired to begin a new measurement of these quantities If the yellow RESET lamp is lighted that means that one or more items showing in the display can be reset While that item is in the LCD display you may RESET that function by pushing the RESET switch but carefully watch the display which will identify the item it will soon reset This is particularly important if there are two items in the display that can be reset If the wrong one release the button quickly and push again to show the other one Meanwhile numbers in the display will count down from 9 to 0 If you hold the RESET down until the count reaches 0 then the RESET will actually be accomplished but not before 4 A 2 System history display logged data mode SH You ca
23. the actual date here for that data to receive the correct time date on the downloaded data file However if this periodic data is examined by the PentaMetric display unit then the date shown there as an integer will be the numerical date from this register Bottom line If you are only going to look at periodic logged data by downloading into a computer it is not necessary to set this date because the computer will determine the relation between the number and the actual date However to have meaningful dates when looking at the periodic logged data by the PentaMetric display unit you should put in a meaningful date for example put 1 for the first day of the month in which you set the date time which you will need to remember Subsequent days will then be referenced back to this initial date However it is important to put in an actual time of day if you use the periodic logged data particularly if only recording once day This is necessary to insure that the data entered in program P39 daily time of measurement is to be meaningful If power is removed from the PentaMetric the exact time and date will be rendered inexact If that occurs it will lose from 0 to 3 hours when power is restored So when power resumes the time and date if necessary should be re enered Should power go off to the meter at an unknown date and time this time can be determined to within 3 hours by looking at this number at the moment that power is
24. will follow Starting from a full battery the PentaMetric measures the total discharge amp hours leaving during its normal discharge period and then separately measures the charge required to recharge to full again for each discharge charge cycle As said before a perfect battery would result in equal amounts of discharging amp hours compared to charging amp hours With a real battery however the amount of discharge amp hours will be slightly less than the amount of amp hours required to charge it originally because of the battery s self discharge current and also as said because extra beneficial charging is done which results in some charge being lost by gassing of the batteries There are two objectives of recording this data one is to determine how much energy is lost in one cycle and thus determine if the self discharge of the batteries is becoming excessive due to aging or other problem The other is to determine if sufficient additional charge is being delivered to optimally maintain the batteries Here is a more precise description of how this is measured First the PentaMetric determines when the battery is charged by noting that the battery voltage has exceeded the charge setpoint voltage and the battery charging current is less than a charge setpoint amp value These setpoints are entered by Program Modes P32 and P33 Once this has been attained the official beginnin
25. 36 Wiss heal ALAE A EE A E eet cade use cB dos eae ds ca tno cance ag eae AOA meen 36 FAUUGI IANS ie esses ce Pan ck ds Geeta cb ba ioe cleat a cn ules eS Be ean dase cc edd Db nw a ces mae dase ta Hen 36 Alarm Option SE a eect a teste eee tn Mea ee a Sarat ii eer ed Sia ee eae a aaa ee eaties ka 36 6 E 1 Battery low secticsaigienesd wand aie die iaener Med Ad aie ATEAN E EE aumento Saeed eed 36 6 E 2 Battery meets charged criteria should be called a notice not alarm cceeeeeeeeeee 36 6 E 3 Battery voltage high s cetescheccceetegccetl aecgeebenngeccel edecide i eeii eedivi lanai iatan iaeiiai RA 37 6 E 4 Time to recharge battery scicciccesende neeecen Le neddeedeedentebendecehdeeleeet eeadigiendh ieweeeteeiteeidieee 37 6 E 5 Time to equalize Date ry srs necdeecel etecehteieeeite sdaedee neg ta ia iei ii eei i tied Dh eating 37 Section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge 37 7 A Details of how the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of Charge eceeeeeeeeeeeteeeeee 37 7 B Deciding on programmed value for P14 P15 P32 P35 cccceceececceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaees 39 PentaMetric summary of functions For battery systems from 12V to 48V nominal Measure 1 or 2 battery systems with common negative With one battery system battery current plus two charging sources loads can be measured System consists of these possible components 1 data inp
26. 5 display items Assignment for each switch to the desired items is accomplished by program modes P1 P5 Acard may then be printed with these items and inserted in transparent pocket of front panel A Word file is available Pentametric Label Template which can be modified and printed to easily produce this label on your printer 5 switches on top row select the data to be displayed from the items shown above switch Push switch repeatedly to cycle through all items assigned to it Two items from two different switches can be displayed at once Green lights above switches show which switches are showing display data Other displays switch selects one of the four display modes in the list shown here See figure 3 for how switches operate in those four modes IWhen an alarm is active this tight will flash Pushing ALARM OFF VIEW will show what alarm or alarms are active in the display Audible alarms also start a sound tone sequence when it alarm first starts Pushing this switch also silences this Operation of switches in the 5 button mode This is the usual display mode When in this mode other displays light will be OFF Figure 2 g RIGHT and LEFT arrow switches show data going back or forward in time for the same type data RIGHT and LEFT arrow switches access data going back or forward in time Goes forward or back in increments of 5 battery capacity UP and DOWN arrow switches access the differe
27. Batt low ON when high If you wish the relay to go OFF below 50 and ON above 80 then program the voltage out of range as follows for a 24 V system P30 RelayOn 35 0V Batt 80 P30 RelayOff 10 0V Batt 50 Example5 Make relay go ON when Batt less then 50 or Batt Volts less than 22 4 and OFF when Batt is above 80 or BattV greater than 28 8 P30 RelayOn 22 4V Batt 50 25 P30 RelayOff 28 8V Batt 80 In case of disagreement between the voltage setting and BATT FULL setting the voltage setting will govern P32 Batt1 charged criteria This tells the PentaMetric when the battery system measured by volts1 and amps1 is to be declared charged When this occurs the days since charged display AD24 or AD25 will be reset to zero Also if the battery capacity program numbers P14 or P15 are set to a non zero capacity the Battery full display AD22 or AD23 will be reset to 100 and the amp hour display AD13 AD 14 will be reset to 0 These charged criteria must be set correctly to get meaningful data from the pattery efficiency measurements described in section 6 C 3 As a battery system becomes more fully charged its voltage rises and eventually the charging current drops You may specify a voltage and a current amps that define when the battery is charged The PentaMetric considers the battery to be charged when the filtere
28. E iTA 24 P29 Batt 2 high battery alarm Criteria ee cece e cence ee eeeeee eee A A ONARE Ea AE ONAA AEA 24 P30 P31 Relay ON criteria and Relay OFF Criteria ceccceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaees 24 P32 Battl charged criteria eara e ee ite eed eat ced ede esa ae st sete 26 P33 Batt2 charged criteria Same as P32 except for battery system 2 0 00 eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeenaees 26 P34 P35 Battery efficiency factor and Battery self discharge current 0 0 cecceeeeeeeeeeeteeeteeteeeeeeenaees 26 P36 Equalizenintervalll fox excites te voit sated rade caveia ten deat ace a a agece aang eee ee eet 26 P372 Maximum Gharge MEVA ear tarn E sate OEA AAA ET AEA RA ORO R 26 P38 Day ano TNE SOT Ao nia A A AN EREET E 27 P39 Periodic logged data measurement time ce eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeseeaaaeeeeeeaaees 27 P40 Periodic logged data measurement tiMES ay cceceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeaeeeseeaeeeeeeaaeees 27 P41and P42 Periodic logged data Select data ee ceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeseeaeeeeeeaaeees 27 P43 Battery discharge profile logged data Options ccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeaeeeseeaeeeeeeaeees 27 P44 Backlight Options jictirencs pe tcushtstetecnesaenda T E A E ERE ERER 27 P4523 Erase pef Ode da a a aaa a ar a a a a a aa AA a aaa Ei 28 P46 Erase Battery discharge voltage profile data eccceeeeeeeeee
29. PentaMetric System Instructions Please read this first How to use these instructions June 1 2011 The PentaMetric system is complex Because it can perform so many different functions these instructions must be extensive Most applications will not require all of this capability Considerable thought was given to make instructions that allow you to extract the information for the items you need without having to read what you do not need These instructions assume some knowledge of battery systems and electricity What you should be familiar with to fully understand these eA general idea of how loads and charging systems are connected to a battery system circuit to enable it to be charged and discharged eThe meaning of amperes volts ampere hour Watts Watt hour eUnderstanding the principle of how to measure volts amps and watts in a simple circuit for example with a digital hand meter Guide to these instructions Read Section1 Overview of PentaMetric capability for brief description of each PentaMetric function to decide which functions are important to you Few people will need all the capability of the PentaMetric Read and refer to Section 2 and Section 3 before and during physical installation Some_information you should know before installing the system Installation of PentaMetric Read Section 4 to learn how to operate the PentaMetric display unit Operator s instructions for display unit Section 5 describes the
30. arge profile logged data is recorded since the number of amp hours represented by 5 change in capacity is determined by this For more detail on this function see section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge It will also affect the battery low and battery high alarm functions and the relay set points which are all referenced to battery capacity as entered in P14 15 IMPORTANT If Amp 1 or Amp 2 is being used to monitor something else beside a battery bank such as solar or wind input amps be sure to try to enter a 0 as P14 battery capacity which will result in Not Used being displayed This will cause the 1 amp hour or 2 Amp hour 23 function to read true amp hours instead of being compensated by assumed battery self discharge as more fully described in section 7 It will also prevent the amp hours from being automatically reset to 0 which can occur if a capacity value is entered which is non zero P16 Filter time constant Sets the filtering time for filtered Amps display AD10 AD12 and filtered volts display AD3 AD4 Choose 0 0 5 2 or 8 minutes This makes these displays respond more or less slowly O represents no filtering which will give displays which match the normal fast displays with 8 minutes being the highest degree filtering which results in the most sluggish readings See AD3 AD4 s
31. c logged data P43 Battery discharge profile logged data options For the battery discharge profile logged data these options allow you to a Choose whether to record data every 5 or every 10 change of state of charge b Read data from Battery 1 Battery 2 or both See also Section 6 C 2 Battery Discharge Profile Logged data P44 Backlight options There are no options at this time Eventually off high 5 minutes then off high 5 minutes then low 27 P45 Erase periodic data This program mode allows you to erase and initialize the memory for the periodic logged data Section 6 C 1 After entering this mode note that the RESET lamp is lighted If you push the RESET button a number in the display will gradually go to 0 CAUTION When it gets to 0 all periodic data will be erased This is the amp hour watt hour temperature volts and amps data that is recorded at specified times It does not erase the battery efficiency cycle data or the Battery History logged data It is not necessary to erase this data to make space for new data New data will always write over the oldest data previously logged P46 Erase Battery discharge voltage profile data CAUTION This is similar to P45 except it erases all the Battery discharge profile logged data This is the data that records volts and amps as the battery is dis
32. can also be used if the ambient temperature does not exceed 26 C degrees 80 F Maximum Battery voltage Volts 1 should not normally exceed 70 volts for more than a short time The meter is fairly well protected against short voltage transients such as would be encountered from lightning Volts 2 is OK to 100 volts Power requirements 18 ma at 24 volts 30 ma at 12 volts without display unit computer interface only l 24 ma at 24V or 43 ma at 12 volts with LCD backlight on low after no buttons have been pushed for 5 minutes 38 ma at 24V or 70 ma at 12 volts with display unit LCD backlight on high just after pushing buttons Cable considerations from input unit to readout control unit or computer interface When runs exceed 50 100 feet twisted pair cable such as cat 5 should be used Wire resistance for each of 4 wire cable should not exceed 30 ohms from one end to the other for the PentaMetric readout control unit This allows 1000 feet of length if AWG22 wire size or larger is used or 24 for up to 600 ft The connections to the computer interface should allow even longer distances When twisted pair cable is used one pair should be used for the terminals marked 3 and 4 that carry digital communication data Another pair can be used for and which supply power 15 Green 9 terminal plug to PentaMetric input unit To Battery minus fe a a terminal 3 4 5 7 i SHUNT 3
33. charge amps recorded for each discharge charge cycle This will indicate whether the batteries are retaining their charge properly The charge efficiency means the ratio of amp hours required to charge compared with amp hours discharged during one discharge charge cycle The self discharge amps means the average amps lost during a period of one cycle These are two different ways to measure the same thing the energy loss due to battery self discharge current as well as gassing when the batteries are near full charge The display unit shows this efficiency or self discharge current over the last cycle the last 4 cycles and the last 15 cycles Using the computer interface logged information on all past cycles may also be displayed and shown in a table See section 6 C 3 for more details 1 D 3 Discharge volts amps profile for each battery bank for each discharge and charge cycle It logs the battery filtered volts and amps periodically for up to two battery banks while the battery is being discharged and charged during each charge discharge cycle These values are recorded each time the battery state of charge decreases or increases by an increment of 5 of the total programmed battery system capacity and therefore shows a discharge profile of the battery This provides a method of determining that the battery capacity is OK by observing that the battery voltage does not unduly drop as the state o
34. charged and charged in 5 or 10 increments Section 6 C 2 Hold the reset button until the numbers go down to 0 to erase It is not necessary to erase this data to make space for new data New data will always write over the oldest data previously logged P47 Erase battery 1 battery efficiency cycle data CAUTION This erases and initializes all the battery 1 battery efficiency cycle data This is the data that is partially presented in display modes AD29 AD34 and described in section 6 C 3 for battery 1 The full data is available by the computer interface Hold the reset button until the numbers go down to 0 to erase It is not necessary to erase this data to make space for new data New data will always write over the oldest data previously logged P48 Erase battery 2 battery efficiency cycle data CAUTION Similar to P47 except for battery 2 Therefore it erases the data presented in display modes AD35 AD40 which is the same logged data referred to in section 6 C 3 for battery 2 P49 Initialize memory to factory values This initializes all of the Programmed values to their factory settings CAUTION This erases all values of programmed data which you have entered since the meter was new and restores them to factory values Hold the reset button until the numbers go down to 0 to erase It does not affect the recorded log data however 6 B Reference section Detailed descripti
35. ciency factor This is the more traditional method used by the TriMetric battery monitor and the method used by some other similar monitors This counts the amp hours discharged in AD13 or AD14 exactly at 100 rate but when adding amp hours back charging they are counted at a lesser value for example only 94 of actual charge This requires that to make the battery full display go back up to 100 charged slightly more charge 6 more in this case must be put back compared to what was discharged This is the effect produced by the efficiency factor setting Program mode P34 which is set at the factory to a recommended value of 94 however you may program this to any value you wish from 60 to 100 To disable this function you should set it to 100 Method 2 Using a constant self discharge current This method has not been used to our knowledge however it is probably closer to the way which self discharge actually occurs in a battery This method is to assume a constant amount of leakage in amperes and constantly subtract that amount from the amp hour total at all times This is the self discharge current Program mode P35 which is set at the factory to 0 However you may set it to any value from 0 00 amps to 9 99 amps The actual self discharge can vary with type of battery temperature and age of the batteries however it is approximated here as a constant current A typical lead acid battery can have a se
36. computer interface for the PentaMetric Section 6 is the reference section Section 6A gives complete information on programming each of 49 programmable parameters Section 6B describes each PentaMetric display function in detail After deciding which PentaMetric functions you need by reading section 1 read only the sections pertaining to the functions that are important for you This section tells you everything you need to know about each function to get it to operate correctly including the information about necessary program mode setup Also read the appropriate topic in this section if you have a question or problem with some function Section 6C describes logged data functions in detail Section 6D Output control relay programming and operation Section 6E Alarm options Section 7 describes in detail exactly how the PentaMetric keeps track of the battery state of charge Bogart Engineering 19020 Two Bar Road Boulder Creek CA 95006 831 338 0616 www bogartengineering com Table of contents PentaMetric Summary Of FUNCTIONS cccccceeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 Section 1 Overview of PentaMetric capability eens 6 1 A PentaMetric system general Capability c ce ccecceeeeneeeeeeneeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaaeeeseeaeeeeeeaeeeseenaeeeeeeenaeeeeeaes 6 1 B System components and interconnections ccc cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeaeeeeeeeaaeeeseeaeeeeeeiaeeeeeeneeeeeeaes 6 1
37. computer using Excel or other spreadsheet program which shows a history of previous charge cycle efficiency Purpose of data This data is designed to determine how much charge or amp hours the battery system loses during each charge discharge cycle An ideal system would lose 0 charge you would be able to remove the same number of amp hours while discharging as went into the batteries during charge portion However a real system will lose some energy each cycle due to two causes 1 the self discharge current of the batteries and 2 The extra charging that occurs after the batteries are fairly well charged which typically results in some gassing of the batteries When batteries are new the self discharge should be low As they age the self discharge will eventually increase Although it wastes some energy the extra charging at the end of the charge cycle is useful to maintain high capacity of lead acid batteries Tracking the amount of extra charge required per cycle is useful to see that the system is being charged sufficiently and that the batteries self discharge is not becoming excessive Some experts recommend that lead acid batteries in solar energy systems should be recharged with at least 110 of the amp hours that were discharged This would represent an amp hour efficiency factor of 100 110 91 Exactly how is data measured First a brief description of how this measurement will be given then a more detailed description
38. ctly at the input device at Amps1 Amps2 and Amps3 terminals It shows charging and discharging amps from 0 1 to 1000 Amps with 500A 50mvV shunt or 0 01 to 200 Amps with 100A 100mV shunt In addition for firmware version 2 0 or greater it is also possible to set up the PentaMetric so that Amps2 display value will be equal to the sum of the currents from the input shunt1 shunt2 This could be useful for very large battery systems where the total current is so great that it is desirable to split the current between two shunts to avoid overheating the shunts In this case Amps1 display will still read only the Amps1 shunt Program mode P7 P8 and P9 Amps label 1 Amps 2 Amps and 3 Amps are the default labels for these but these are not helpful descriptions of the actual measurement in most applications The PentaMetric Program modes P7 P8 P9 allow a choice of other labels for these if desired For example 1 Amps can be labeled instead by any one of the following SOL Amps WIND Amps HydroAmps LOAD Amps Bat1 Amps BATT Amps or you may have it read 1 Amps Similar choices are available for 2 Amps and 3 Amps Note eventually we also expect that Bat2 Amps will also be available as a choice The same label that applies to Amps1 will also apply to Average amps1 1Amp hours Watts1 and Watt hours1 Program mode P11 P12 and P13 sh
39. d Battery voltage AD3 equals or exceeds the voltage setpoint entered here and the charging amps filtered Amps1 AD10 current is LESS than the amps value entered Refer to section 7B for more details and for suggestions for actual values to be entered P33 Batt2 charged criteria Same as P32 except for battery system 2 P34 P35 Battery efficiency factor and Battery self discharge current Refer to section 7 for more information on programming this How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge The purpose of both of these parameters is to compensate for the self discharge current of the battery If you don t compensate for battery self discharge the battery full values could be too optimistic Section 7 describes in more detail the reason for battery efficiency factor and self discharge current settings A bottom line conclusion is that in most cases you will want to use either battery efficiency factor or self discharge current but not both simultaneously The classic method is to use only battery efficiency factor A typical setting for battery efficiency factor used in the TriMetric for a lead acid battery system is 94 in which case you would turn off the self discharge compensation by setting P35 to 0 00 This generally results in a slightly pessimistic low reading for Battery full which is usually more desirable than having the reading too optimis
40. d switch 2 to display Amps 1 and Amps3 and switch 3 to show Amp hr1 and Amp hr 2 and Watt Hr2 P1 provides the selections for switch 1 P2 for switch 2 etc up to P5 From 1 to 5 display items maximum can be allocated to each switch Select an item by putting its AD number which is listed for each display choice in the next section 6 B For example Battery 2 volts AD2 would be represented by 02 Install them from left to right If you wish to display fewer than 5 items enter 0 as the next item No items listed to the right of the O will display P6 Volts1 label Allows choice of display label for volts 1 The two choices Bat 1 volts or Bat volts are the only ones possible Typically Bat 1 will be only used if you are monitoring two battery banks so you can distinguish them If you are only using one battery system Bat is usually preferable Note Volts 2 is always called Bat 2 and can t be relabeled P7 P9 Amps labels These allow choice of display identification labels that are more descriptive than for example 1Amps or 1Watts Using this you can change these to be for example Sol Amps Sol Watts and Sol Amp hr or Bat Amps Bat Watts and Bat Amp hr In each case your choices for the identifying prefix are Sol Wind Hydro Load Bat1 or Bat P7 Specifies a label prefix that applies to the following display modes Amp
41. e charger to prevent the battery from gassing excessively Further charging takes place while this voltage is maintained however and as this occurs the current amps will gradually decline indicating that the batteries are becoming more and more charged typically requiring several hours for lead acid batteries The battery can be assumed to be well charged when the amps value declines to a sufficiently low value The PentaMetric determines that the batteries are well charged when the filtered voltage AD3 exceeds the Charged setpoint voltage P32 usually set just below the bulk charge control setting and when the filtered amps AD7 becomes less than the Charged setpoint current P33 Recommended values for charged setpoint volts and amps P32 and P33 will be discussed below When the PentaMetric senses that the batteries are charged the following happens 1 The days since charged display AD24 will reset to 0 Then as soon as the battery begins to discharge again i e when the filtered amps AD10 become negative 2 The amp hours AD13 measuring the battery will be reset to 0 3 The battery full AD22 will reset to 100 Step 2 Starting from this point of 100 charged as the battery is subsequently discharged amps are negative the PentaMetric measures the charge that is removed amp hours or amps times the time elapsed This will cause the amp hours fr
42. e display This also silences the audible alarm The alarm will not become audible again until the alarm condition first stops then goes again into the alarm state Alarm option list There are a total of four alarms and one notice for each of up to two battery banks Battery 1 refers to the battery bank being measured by Volts1 and Amps1 Battery 2 refers to the bank being measured by Volts2 and Amps2 Alarms are listed as follows 6 E 1 Battery low This results in an alarm when the battery voltage AD1 or AD2 is less than the battery low setpoint or when the battery full AD22 or AD23 is less than battery low setpoint There is one alarm for battery 1 and another for battery 2 Refer to programming section 6 A P22 P24 P26 and P28 for instructions on setting these up 6 E 2 Battery meets charged criteria should be called a notice not alarm This notice is activated when the battery charged setpoints are reached as set by program modes P32 P33 Although this operates like an alarm this really might better be called a notice since the fact that the battery has reached the charged criteria is not usually alarming but 36 might want to be noted for example to turn off a generator To activate these refer to Section 6 A under P22 P24 P32 P33 Section 7 describes in detail how the PentaMetric senses that the batteries are charged 6 E 3
43. ection 6 B for more detailed description of what the filter times mean Values from those filtered displays are also used for determining Alarm battery voltage set points relay set points and they are used by the logged data functions when recording battery volts and amps If you do not wish to use filtered values for these you can enter 0 as the time constant P17 P20 Charge control parameters For possible future solar charger These are not presently being used P22 P23 Alarm Levels for battery 1 This determines which alarms are activated and whether they should be visual only or visual with audio alarm See Section 6 E List of each alarm option for more details Set all of the following to either 0 no alarm 1 visual only alarm 2 audible and visual alarm P22 Lo Alarms when Battery 1 voltage low Chgd Alarms when Battery 1 meets charged criteria Hi Alarms when Battery 1 high P23 TimCh Alarms when Battery 1 time to recharge battery TimE Alarms when Battery 1 time to equalize battery P24 P25 Alarm Levels for battery 2 Similar to P22 P23 except for battery 2 P26 Batt 1 low battery alarm criteria These determine the two criteria which define a low battery 1 alarm One is the filtered battery voltage AD3 below which the alarm will occur and the other is the Battery1 full AD22 value below which will cause an alarm The alarm will occur when EITHER or bo
44. eeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeseeeeeeeeeeeaeeeseeaeeeeeeeatees 28 P47 Erase battery 1 battery efficiency cycle data oo eecseeeeeeeeee teeter ee eeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeaeeeeenneees 28 P48 Erase battery 2 battery efficiency cycle data eccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeseeaeereeeaeeees 28 P49 Initialize memory to factory VAIUCS ecceeceee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeaeeeseeeaeeeeseeeaeeeseeaeeetenaeees 28 6 B Reference section Detailed description of each display item 0 28 AD1 AD2 Battery1 volts AD1 Battery 2 volts AD2 0 eee ecececeeeeeneee cette ee eeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeaeeeeetnaeeeensas 28 AD3 AD4 Average filtered battery1 volts AD3 Average filtered Battery 2 volts AD4 0 28 AD7 AD8 AD9 Amps1 AD7 Amps2 AD8 Amps3 ADQ 0 ccccccceeseteeeeeeeneeeeeetineeeeeteeeeetnaeeeeee 29 AD10 AD11 AD12 Average filtered amps1 AD10 Average filtered amps2 AD11 Average tiit red amps3 ADI2 cia vete es ti eS es ee a en teed ene ee ee eid 29 AD13 AD14 AD15 1Amp hours AD13 2Amp hours AD14 3Amp hours AD15 0 ceeeeee 30 Using amp hours to keep track of battery energy content Option 1 eceeeeeseeeeeeeeteeeeeenteeeeeeeaes 30 Using true amp hours to measure a charging source such as daily or weekly solar input or load over a period of time OPtiONn 2 0 aa E A TREA E E A A 30 AD16 AD17 Cumulative battery discharging Amp
45. es again Then plug in the 4 terminal connector to the input unit 5 Before applying power by inserting the 9 pin connector check the wires from shunts and battery s connector as described in caution just above step 1 Then plug in 9 terminal connector The backlight of the LCD display on the input unit should light up 6 Cursory check of operation Using program modes P11 P12 and P13 refer to section 6 A under P11 P12 P13 set the correct shunt types for channels 1 2 and 3 See that the volts and amps readings are reasonable which establishes that the wiring is OK With 0 current in any given shunt the amp display corresponding to it should show 0 0 or 0 1 at most But remember that the PentaMetric takes some current too which will be measured by the Shunt 1 in Figure 1 Load currents from turning on a load such as a light should cause amp values to become more negative Charging currents should cause amp values to become more positive Section 3B Choosing and installing program parameters for your application If you are using the PentaMetric Display unit decide what display items you want to easily select by the 5 data select switches You can allocate from 1 to 5 display items to each of the 5 switches Keeping a smaller number will provide simpler operation If an item only very rarely needs to be observed the all display mode option can always be used it can access all the displays but at the
46. ese at one time however the PentaMetric can o Shunt that measures inverter load or charging current Inverter and loads for battery system 1 M OR_100 MV 100 AMP SHUNT 3 C7 Shunt that measures solar array current M SHUNT 50 MV 500 AMP OR_100 MV 100 AMP SHUNT 2 To Solar array and controller To Wind generator and controller Shunt that measures wind generator current 2 8 Le SHUNT 50 MV 500 AMP SHUNT 4 IHN il AMPS 1 AMPS2 AMPS 3 To the Kelvin terminals of up to 3 shunts max to measure amps1 2 and 3 Kelvin terminals Shunt that measures battery system 1 net current aa OR_100 MV 100 AMP Fuseholders with 2A fuse 12 to 48 VOLT BATTERY SYSTEM 1 4 connectors All loads and all charging sources for e system 2 Shunt that measures batte system 2 net current 12 to 48 VOLT BATTERY SYSTEM 2 FIGURE 1 PENTAMETRIC TYPICAL BATTERY MONITOR CONNECTIONS Shows some possible locations for shunts A maximum of 3 can be used with one PentaMetric PAN ENCINESRING a2 line 1 B 2 The PentaMetric display unit PM 100 C The PentaMetric display unit is designed to be customized for simple or complex systems The display unit see figure 2 allows observation of all parameters which the input unit measures however most applications will require monitoring only some of these in some cases only a small number The display un
47. eset button described above in section 4 4 1 under RESET The meter will accumulate true amp hours until it is manually reset again Select this measurement option by setting Battery Capacity program number P14 or P15 to zero When this is done that Battery capacity will display NOT USED Or specify no battery if using the computer interface Program modes affecting data when measuring true non battery accumulating amps P7 P8 P9 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 Program modes that affect AD7 AD8 Amps1 Amps2 similarly affect this display Refer to section AD7 AD8 AD9 for information about program modes P7 P8 P9 P11 P12 P13 AD16 AD17 Cumulative battery discharging Amp hours1 AD16 Cumulative discharging Amp hours2 AD17 Program modes affecting data P11 P12 P14 P15 This has a function analogous to an odometer in a car in that the purpose of this is to measure how much total duty the batteries have seen in their lifetime It is intended to accumulate for the entire life of batteries if desired It measures the discharging amp hours only from the batteries So when the amps have a negative value discharging it accumulates those amp hours however when the amps are positive charging it accumulates nothing Thus it measures the one way chemical change seen by the battery and thus is a measure of how much usage the battery has seen in its life If a battery is cycled from 100 full t
48. esired it may be set to 0 in which case these displays will be identical with AD1 or AD2 Thus it is a very sluggish version of Battery1 and Battery2 volts The 8 minute time constant is the slowest and most sluggish The 5 minute time constant means that if the input voltage suddenly changes from 20 0 to 30 0 volts this filtered version will take 0 5 minutes to get 63 of the way from 20 to 30 i e to 26 3 volts then another 5 minutes to go 63 of the rest of the way etc etc until it finally approaches to 30 0 These filtered values are used by the logged data programs that record volts and amps so that the values it records will not be sudden anomalous values It is also used for the battery alarm voltages so that the alarms do not react to a sudden and brief drop in voltage caused for example by a momentary motor starting load The choice of time constants may be entered using program mode P16 Only one choice of filter time may be used at any one time in other words the filtered volts and filtered amps will both have the same filter time as specified in program mode P16 AD3 Battery 2 filtered volts is also affected by program mode P6 battery 1 label as described under Battery1 volts AD1 Battery 2 volts AD2 AD7 AD8 AD9 Amps1 AD7 Amps2 AD8 Amps3 AD9 Program modes affecting data P7 P8 P9 P11 P12 P13 These are the three values of amps measured dire
49. f charge decreases See section 6 C 2 for more details 1 E Visual or audible alarms or status It provides up to 5 visual or audible alarms for high battery low battery battery has gone too long since being fully charged and battery has gone too long since being equalized It also registers the status which is not really an alarm battery now fully charged Each of these is provided for up to 2 battery banks All of these may be individually disabled or enabled for either visual or visual and audible alarms Also see section 6 E 12 1 F Relay output control It provides for control of a relay that 1 turns on when the battery voltage drops below an on set voltage or when the state of charge of the battery decreases below an on setpoint and 2 turns off when the battery voltage rises above an off set voltage or when the state of charge of the battery exceeds an off setpoint This could be used to control a generator or external alarm It is also possible to reverse the logic so that the relay turns off instead of on as the voltage drops below the setpoints and goes on when it goes above them For technical relay information see section 2 Relay Output control For detailed description of setup possibilities see section 6 A under P30 P31 Section 2 Some information you should know before installing the system Shunt requirements Sh
50. for those displays for which a reset is possible indicated when the reset button lamp is lighted the same way that they are reset in the 5 button mode using the RESET button Section 5 Using the Computer Interface Choose one of three computer interfaces to observe all display items download all logged data and program all programmed items Setting up the computer connection Check the website for the latest version of PMComm computer interface program and download it if necessary If not yet installed connect the PentaMetric computer interface to the PentaMetric input unit by the 4 wire communication cable This is described in section 3 A step 4 The computer interface is designed to work with a RS232 port on a PC computer It requires a regular modem cable not a null modem cable to connect between the RS232 port to the PentaMetric computer interface unit However some newer computers do not have a RS232 port but instead have a USB port To connect with such a computer there are two possibilities One is to install card in your computer that supplies a RS232 port Another possibly simpler solution could be to get a USB to RS232 port converter which has a plug for the USB port for the computer and has a connector on the other end for a RS232 connection USB to RS232 converters There are various ones made by different vendors Sometimes they work with some USB ports on some computers but
51. g of the discharge cycle may occur after this the first time the battery starts to discharge that is when the amps value goes from charging to discharge This time and amp hour values at this time are recorded as possible beginning data The reason for sounding somewhat uncertain is that it is possible that after only a tiny discharge has taken place the battery may be re charged to full again perhaps because a cloud obstructing the solar array has passed So if this occurs the old beginning values are discarded and new ones are taken when the battery again begins discharging These values are only kept and permanently recorded as the beginning data when the full value drops below 90 charge Then the begin data is officially recorded and two registers are zeroed with reference to this already recorded data one of which will accumulate all charging amp hours i e when amps value is positive and the other records all discharging amp hours i e when the amps are negative Finally when the battery again reaches charged this is NOT taken yet as the end of the cycle The end is taken only when the next beginning occurs as described above So it records data for a completely closed cycle And since we still don t know if that is the real beginning time the cycle results are not recorded or shown in the display until the battery charge declines below 90 into the next cycle At t
52. his point two numbers are calculated and recorded One is the ratio between discharge amp hours to charge amp hours the charge efficiency factor in The other is the average self discharge amps which is amp hours charged minus amp hours discharged all divided by the number of hours between the cycle This number average self discharge amps is recorded between 0 00 amps and 9 99 amps 34 Note that a different way of measuring this could have been done by starting at the time as above described but declaring an end at the time after discharge and recharge at which the battery just first met the charged criteria Thus the additional charging or gassing of the battery that occurs after this while the battery is pretty well charged would not be counted That would give a more optimistic higher estimate of battery efficiency and lower self discharge than the one actually made by the PentaMetric since this top of charge may waste some energy due to gassing of the electrolyte One reason for not doing it this way is that we have discovered that some significant charging occurs during this time and not counting it in some cases can result in charging efficiencies that appear over 100 We believe that the method we used results in a more realistic evaluation of the total amp hours lost per cycle in the system It should be mentioned here that the values of charge efficiency and self discharge
53. is no more or less than a timed alarm that could be used for any purpose to remind after a certain number of days have elapsed You set the number of days by program P36 Then after that number of days elapses the alarm occurs after which you must manually reset the time to 0 The display modes AD26 and AD27 view a timer which advances by 1 00 for each passing day While viewing AD26 or AD27 Days since equalized for Battery 1 or battery 2 the display can be manually reset to 0 using the reset button It does not automatically reset when batteries are equalized The alarm will again occur when this number of days shown in AD26 or AD27 exceeds the number programmed in P36 Section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge This discussion affects the following displays Amp Hour1 AD13 Amp Hour2 AD14 Battery full AD22 AD23 Days since charged AD24 AD25 For the PentaMetric to properly keep track of state of charge data in the following program modes must be correctly entered Battery Capacity P14 and P15 Battery charged criteria P32 and P33 Efficiency factor P34 and Self Discharge current P35 Overview of requirements for keeping track of state of charge The PentaMetric can keep track of the battery state of charge for up to two battery banks which share a common negative connection Each battery bank that is to be measured must have a shunt in series with the
54. it has a two line 16 character LCD display and also a sounder for audible alarms The display unit provides 5 data select buttons which allow access to the most commonly used data Each button can be assigned to display from 1 to 5 parameters of choice according to the user s custom application Thus it can be set up to measure many things for complex systems or each button can be assigned only one or two display items for simpler applications A customized label may then be printed using a PC computer printer with descriptions according to how the switches were set up and inserted in a transparent pocket provided on the front to identify the display items assigned to each of the 5 select buttons A maximum of up to 25 measurements may be shown by these 5 switches In addition the PentaMetric system allows viewing and control of many programmable parameters to customize the monitor to a particular system such as shunt types alarm and relay setpoints what data is logged and how the data is presented in the display unit 1 B 3 The three PentaMetric computer interfaces There are now three choices of ways to access and control data from the PentaMetric by computer or now also through access by the internet For this one of the three interfaces below is required Connection may be made via 4 wire cable to the PentaMetric Input Unit up to at least 300 meters away Using software provided for a Windows computer
55. ive This option also compensates for the self discharge of the battery as specified by program numbers P34 and P35 Also when used for this function the PentaMetric resets the value automatically to 0 when the battery is sensed as fully charged as specified in program number P32 The measurement process is more fully detailed in section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge If you are using Amp hours for that purpose refer to that section to understand how it works and most importantly to understand how the program modes must be set for this option to work correctly Select this option by setting Battery Capacity program number P14 or P15 to a_non zero value of capacity Program modes affecting data when measuring battery energy content P7 P8 P9 P11 P12 P13 P14 P15 P32 P33 P34 P35 Using true amp hours to measure a charging source such as daily or weekly solar input or load over a period of time option 2 This option measures true uncompensated cumulative amp hours from a charging source or load such as your total solar or wind energy over some period of time beginning at a time when the amp hours are manually reset to 0 With this option the amp hours are never automatically reset to O which can occur with the battery option This is the only option available for 3 amp hours To begin a new amp hour measurement manually reset these values to 0 using the R
56. lf discharge that is 1 of capacity per day For a 1000A hr battery bank this would be 10 amp hours day which is 10 24 0 40 amps 38 Step 3 Typically during step 2 the battery will track state of charge closely but not exactly because the self discharge will not be compensated precisely Usually the recommended values will cause the battery full to read slightly lower than true thus giving a conservative view of remaining charge left in the batteries However when the battery is again fully charged the meter will again reset to 100 to resynchronize the battery with the meter and then the meter will continue as in step 2 7 B Deciding on programmed value for P14 P15 P32 P35 P14 P15 Battery capacity To keep track of Battery Full you must program a non zero value of battery capacity When this is done the meter will keep track of the battery full as described above in 7 A If this number is programmed to 0 the meter will assume that no battery is present and no compensation for self discharge will occur and the reset of amp hours and battery full will not take place as described in section 7 A The main effect of the battery capacity value is to determine the scale of the battery full display It changes the rate at which the battery full display declines as amp hours are removed from your batteries as described above in Step 2 Enter the value of your battery
57. m 1mA to 20 amps would be desired In this case the user would have to mentally divide the amps and amp hour readings shown in the PentaMetric by 10 Decide on the shunts you need depending on what amps measurements you require Most systems with one battery system would usually have one shunt placed to measure battery current shown as shunt 1 in figure 1 Another could measure solar input shunt 2 or other charging source shunt 3 or shunt 4 to be able to measure daily input power The diagram shows a number of possible shunt locations for these The shunt itself is bipolar and can be installed in either direction However the wires from the PentaMetric input unit must be connected on the correct Kelvin terminals according to the and signs as shown The terminal is the one electrically closest to the battery minus terminal This will insure that charging amps appear as positive values and discharging amps as negative ones Before wiring it is advisable to make a wiring diagram for your system You might want to use a red pencil to draw in the shunt connections on the figure 1 wiring diagram before installation If one battery system is being monitored the battery shunt shunt 1 should be connected to 1Amps channel and the terminal from the battery positive post should be connected to the Volts1 input The volts1 input also supplies power for operati
58. m for very short term anomalous events and for logging of volts and amps where it would not be desirable to record a very short term event 1 C 8Temperature This measures temperature from 20C to 65C 4F to 150F The TS 1 temperature sensor accessory is necessary when measuring temperature 1 D Summary of specific logged data measurements made by the PentaMetric 1 D 1Periodic amp hour watt hour volts amps battery full and temperature It logs daily or as frequently as once per minute amp hour and watt hour production or load to monitor the performance of up to 3 charging sources or loads Use this to keep records of daily or hourly solar or wind power production or total load power per day or per hour It also records instantaneous volts and amps at periodic intervals to measure for example battery discharge profiles It also measures minimum and maximum temperature during the interval It can also monitor periodic for example hourly charge and discharge amp hours watt hours volts amps and battery full for a battery system If amp hours are measured each hour on all 3 channels then over 1 month of data can be stored If measured once day then 2 years can be stored See section 6 C 1 for more details 1 D 2 Charging cycle charge efficiency self discharge current and cycle length hours It measures the system charge efficiency expressed as a percentage of up to two battery banks or self dis
59. n access this data most conveniently using a Windows computer with the PentaMetric PMComm software See below in this section However the Display unit in this mode can also be used to access this data Refer to figure 3 for a summary of how to navigate in this mode The purpose of this display is to show the periodic logged data such as watt hours amp hours temperature as described in section 6 C 1 When this mode is entered the OTHER DISPLAYS lamp will light and you will observe that SH is shown as the first two letters in the top line of the LCD display When in this mode you will note that lights near some switches will occasionally blink This is to remind you which switches are relevant and active for this particular mode Observe that for this mode the 4 arrow switches will blink If you have just entered this mode assuming some data has been collected the bottom line of the display will show a time and date number that will indicate the time that the data was collected The date number counts days with reference to the date that was originally programmed using program P38 This date number increases by one for each passing day starting from whatever number was originally programmed The top line shows the measurement number beginning with 1 Going back in time by pushing the left arrow changes this to 2 3 etc indicating previous measurements As you do this the times a
60. n of data listed above them Each of these 5 buttons may be assigned several display functions of your choice depending to your application See programming section 6A under P1 P5 for how to assign each switch to your choice of up to 5 display functions Up to 25 display items can be accessed by these 5 switches A label can be made for the clear pocket just above the switches which describes the function or functions assigned to each switch Use the template file available at the www bogartengineering com website to make this label Push the switch to select a display item assigned to it this will also light the green lamp above it If more than one item is assigned to a switch push the switch repeatedly to access each one Up to two displays may be viewed simultaneously from different switches in the LCD window It may be useful to know that while two items from two different switches are showing in the display you can then perhaps just momentarily view another item from a third switch After that item has been viewed and turned off with its switch the former two displays will revert back in the display Alarms While in the 5 data switch mode if an alarm occurs the alarms active lamp will flash and if the alarm is enabled to be a audible alarm it will sound the fairly quiet alarm tone sequence corresponding to that alarm Alarms are enabled or disabled by program modes P22 P25 To identify the alarm push
61. nd or date number will decrease Pushing the right arrow key reverses the left arrow and goes forward in time Now having noted a time and date whose data you would like to observe push the up arrow key to view the first datum for that date time For example Amp hr 2 25 3 Each push of the up arrow will display another datum for that date time up to as many as the system has been programmed to record Pushing the down arrow key of course goes back down through the same data until you get back to the date time screen after which the down arrow will have no effect Pushing the OTHER DISPLAYS button will exit this mode For information on how to set up this function to record what and when you want see section 6 C 1 Periodic data functions Computer access You can get this data much more easily and in much more presentable form by using the computer interface When you give the command to download data it will put all of this information into a file called PM_ Date PeriodicData csv Date here is the date of the download If you open this file using Microsoft Excel it will show all the data in tabular form 4 A 3 Battery discharge profile logged data mode BH The purpose of this mode is to display the Battery Discharge Profile Logged data which is more fully described in section 6 C 2 This data can be most conveniently viewed using the computer interface This is described in Section 6 C 2
62. nded to show how many days have elapsed since the batteries were last equalized useful for those systems that need manual equalization This function is nothing more or less than a long timer that is reset to 0 with the RESET function so it does NOT automatically reset when the batteries are equalized you must manually reset this number to 0 using the RESET button after you have equalized the batteries To reset it to 0 you need to first view this function in the display then use the RESET switch as described in section 4 A 1 under RESET The days since equalized alarm may be used to provide an alarm for this timer after a certain number of days have elapsed as programmed in P36 Equalize interval If the days since equalized alarm is enabled it will alarm after the equalize interval has passed However the data programmed in P36 does not affect this display it only affects when the alarm occurs AD28Temperature To measure temperature the optional temperature sensor must be plugged into the input unit The display unit will then display the temperature in Celsius degrees from 20 to 65 If you observe the data with the computer interface in the options menu you can select whether it will display in Celsius or Fahrenheit AD29 40 Charge cycle efficiency and self discharge data These displays show the system battery efficiency logged data See section 6 C 3 Where is this data displayed
63. negative leg to monitor all current in and out of the battery as shown in figure 1 The shunt must be connected as shown to the Amps 1 or Amps 2 channel It is not possible to use Amps 3 channel for keeping track of battery state of charge The battery bank measured by 1 Amps and 1 Volts is defined as Battery1 and the bank measured by 2 Amps and 2 Volts is defined as Battery 2 The battery bank capacity in amp hours must be entered in program P14 and or P15 Also important is to set correct charged voltage and charged current setpoints in program P32 and or P33 and appropriate values of efficiency factor in P34 and P35 as we will discuss in this section 7 A Details of how the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge Step 1 Initially the battery must be fully charged The PentaMetric senses this by monitoring the voltage AD3 and charge current AD10 to the battery When the battery is fully charged the battery full display AD22 will be set to 100 and the amp hours AD13 will be reset to 0 When first charging a battery that is not well charged the voltage will first begin to rise 37 slowly Eventually as the battery begins to approach full charge the voltage will rise to the bulk voltage setting of the charger This charger could be an inverter charger or solar charge controller The voltage is prevented from exceeding this bulk voltage by th
64. nt data recorded at one sample date time The bottom position is the recorded date time System History mode SH allows Battery discharge voltage profile logged data access to Periodic Logged Dato see mode BH See section 4 A 3 section 4 A 2 When CHANGING DATA the RIGHT LEFT switches move the cursor right and left When OBSERVING DATA the UP DOWN switches allow view of different program data When CHANGING dota they cause data to UP and DOWN arrow switches access change different all of about 40 different displays RESET programon off button toggles from OBSERVE available in the PentaMetric DATA to CHANGE DATA When in CHANGE DATA mode flashing cursor will appear in display All Data Mode AD allows access to all Program Mode P allows you to observe display data available on the PentaMetric See and change all programmable data See section 4 A 5 section 4 A 4 Switch functions for OTHER DISPLAY modes These operate when other display lamp is on Use other displays switch to turn lamp on or off and cycle through these Note blinking lamps tell you which switches are active in these modes Figure 3 1 C Summary of the 29 specific real time measurements made by the PentaMetric These are summarized here They are described in much more detail in section 6B 1 C 1 Battery volts amps amp hours watts watt hours for up to 2 battery systems Measures instantaneous battery
65. ntil the memory is filled after which the oldest data will gradually be overwritten with new data To estimate the number of data points in the memory use the formula First compute 61 3 2 x p where p of items measured at each measurement time 1 8 Keep only the integer part throw away the fraction Then multiply by 116 This tells how many times all the data can be recorded before the oldest data will begin to be overwritten If only one item is being recorded you can record 1392 times If all 8 are being recorded you can record 348 Divide by the number of measurements per day to determine number of days 6 C 2 Battery discharge profile Logged Data Program Modes affecting data P14 P15 P32 P33 P43 P46 This function is intended to provide data that can show if the battery system is losing capacity It does so by recording filtered volts and amps as the battery is gradually discharged or charged It records these every time the discharge state of charge drops by 5 or 10 if you so choose Typically starting from fully charged as a good battery discharges the volts will drop only slowly at first At some level of discharge however this voltage will begin to drop more rapidly as the batteries begin to exhaust their energy As the battery ages or if possibly a cell or battery connection becomes weak this voltage decline will occur at higher percentage of charge This level of voltage will als
66. o 50 full and then back up to 100 the PentaMetric will measure the same wear or cumulative amp hours as two cycles from 100 to 75 This is approximately reflective of the real wear caused by cycling a deep cycle battery which will last about twice as many cycles in 30 the second case This is an important bottom line number of the battery system performance as it is a measure of total storage utility gotten from the batteries This number is periodically stored every 3 hours in non volatile memory which means that if power is removed from the PentaMetric it will only lose the last 3 hours of data at most Program modes that affect AD7 AD8 Amps1 Amps2 similarly affect this display Refer to section AD7 AD8 for information about these program modes AD18 AD19 Watts1 Watts2 Program modes affecting data P7 P8 P11 P12 Watts1 is the product of volts1 AD1 and amps1 AD7 Watts2 is the product of volts2 AD2 and amps2 AD8 Reminder Power or Watts used by a load is equal to volts across the load times amps through the load Watts are positive when measuring from a source such as a solar array and will be negative when power goes into a load Program modes that affect Watts1 are affected by the same program modes that affect the Amps1 See AD7 Likewise Watts2 is affected by the same program modes that affect Amps2 See AD8 Watts1 uses the same display label as 1 Am
67. o be influenced somewhat by the current draw which is why Amps are simultaneously recorded If voltage begins to drop more rapidly at an unexpectedly high state of charge this could alert you to a battery bank that may soon fail Typically one would observe the voltage data for successive charge discharge cycles particularly observing when the battery is at lowest state of charge If over successive charge discharge cycles this minimum voltage begins to drop for a given of charge that could anticipate a battery system failure To record this data you must set up Program Mode 43 which allows you to choose whether the data is collected for every 5 or 10 change in state of charge as indicated by AD 22 AD23 Battery Percent full You may choose to record from battery bank 1 or bank 2 or both Other program modes affecting the data are P14 and P15 Battery capacity This specifies the reference 100 full capacity and so thus calibrates the amount of amp hours represented by each 5 additional discharge You can determine the number of amp hours each 5 interval represents by multiplying the value in P14 or P15 by 5 Before beginning you may wish to erase all the data recorded in the past using Program P46 This is not necessary to make space however When full the oldest data in memory will be gradually be overwritten by the newest To view the data using the PentaMetric Display unit use the
68. om full AD13 to become more negative starting from 0 At the same time the battery full will decrease proportionally from 100 to keep track of how full the battery is The Battery full tracks the charge removed at a rate determined by the amp hour capacity that is programmed in P14 So for example if the amp hour capacity is programmed to 1000 amp hours then if 100 amp hours are removed from the battery for example by having a 20 amp load for 5 hours the Battery full will display 90 and when 200 amp hours are removed Battery full will read 80 etc Finally when 1000 or more amp hours are removed it will show 0 Conversely whenever the battery is charged amps are positive the numbers will go the opposite way However all this is subject to the following compensation for battery self discharge Compensating for battery self discharge An ideal battery would allow you to extract during discharge the same number of amp hours that were delivered into it while charging Real batteries however have a self discharge current that causes some loss of charge even when there is no load on the batteries To take this into account the PentaMetric allows two different methods for compensating for this It is not intended that both methods be used simultaneously although the meter does allow this if desired Ordinarily just one of these methods should be selected Method 1 Using a charge effi
69. om the battery system The PentaMetric input unit 5 5 x 4 25 x1 75 inches is located near the battery system It has four plug in connectors one of which has 9 wires that sense data from current shunts and from the batteries and supply power to the PentaMetric These wires monitor up to 3 channels of current amperes and 2 channels of volts Another RJ11 connector attaches a temperature sensor From these data all the other readable data are derived A third connector can control a relay for starting a generator or providing an alarm of low or high battery level Another connector supplies 4 wires up to 1000 ft long that connect to the readout unit and or the computer interface The input unit also internally processes the data to produce derived information such as watts watt hours amp hours battery full etc which may be viewed by the display unit or by computer access The input unit also logs data such as daily amp hours and watt hours charge cycle discharge information and records battery efficiency data to allow analysis to determine if the system is operating as expected Logged data may be viewed from the display unit however it is most conveniently viewed using the computer interface 4 wires 2 twisted pairs up to 1000 ft Pentametric display device optional Pentametric computer interface optional to RS232 computer port IMPORTANT This shows 5 possible locatigns for shunts use 3 of th
70. on 4 A 1 through 5 for complete description if necessary 18 To get to the 5 button display mode push the other displays button lower right repeatedly until the adjacent yellow lamp goes off Figure 2 has instructions for the switches in this mode The four other less used display modes are accessed by pushing the other displays button Figure 3 has instructions for these For the following four modes the other displays light is on They are identified by the first letters in the LCD display as follows SH System History display gives access to the periodic log data described in section 6 C 1 BH Battery History or Battery discharge profile data gives access to logged data described in section 6 C 2 Pirsecieiies Program view and change Allows you to observe and change all programmed parameters described in section 6A AD Display All Data Allows access to all of the data measured by the PentaMetric listed in Section 6B at the cost of a lot of button pushing The lights by each switch will blink to show you which ones operate when not in the 5 switch mode The ones that don t blink will have no effect except for the extra data switch Usually the up down left right arrows on the switches will suggest their function 4 A 1 Description of 5 data switch mode most common mode This mode is illustrated in figure 2 The row of 5 data select switches allow selectio
71. on of each display item The following is an itemized list of all measurements that the PentaMetric can make Each one is identified by a display select number e g AD5 and is followed by a description The PentaMetric input unit measures directly 3 amps channels which are here labeled Amps1 Amps2 and Amps3 and two directly measured voltage channels which are labeled Battery 1 Volts and Battery 2 Volts The temperature channel is Temperature All other measurements are derived from these as described here AD1 AD2 Battery1 volts AD1 Battery 2 volts AD2 Program modes affecting data P6 These each read directly the voltage at the two voltage inputs of the PentaMetric input unit Battery1 AD1 can read from 8 0 100 however the actual input should not exceed 70V Battery 2 AD2 read from 0 0 to 102 3 volts Accuracy better than 0 1 volt Program mode P6 allows you a choice of labels for Battery 1 volts The choices are Bat1 Volts or alternatively if there is only one battery bank in the system just Bat Volts Battery 2 volts is always shown as Batz2 Volts AD3 AD4 Average filtered battery1 volts AD3 Average filtered Battery 2 volts AD4 Program modes affecting data P6 P16 28 These both read a filtered version of Battery1 volts with a time constant which may be 0 5 minutes 2 minutes or 8 minutes or if this filtering action is not d
72. on of the PentaMetric system The meter must always be supplied with voltage here minimum 9 volts for meter operation and if data is to be 13 logged and amp hour watt hour and battery full data is to be preserved Power is not needed to preserve programmed data or previously recorded logged data If two battery banks are being monitored the second system should have a shunt in the minus battery line shown as shunt 4 This should be connected to the Amps2 channel and that battery terminal should be connected to the Volts2 input No significant current is taken from the volts2 input wire less than 200 microamps Important Connect all unneeded shunt inputs amps inputs together and to the volts terminal Figure 4 illustrates this If you only need to measure one voltage point you may wish to connect the Volts 2 input to the same point as the volts1 so that the Watts 2 channel can be used if desired Relay output control The PentaMetric can actuate a control relay having a DC coil with a voltage requirement equal to the battery 1 system voltage For example it can be used to control a generator which is designed to start with a simple contact closure Warning If used to control a generator it must be a type that is designed to operate safely with a simple contact closure including mechanisms to automatically start it safely and to keep it operating safely when no
73. or you to understand it Section 6 PentaMetric reference section 6A Detailed description of each program option total 49 How to access program modes with the PentaMetric Display Unit Refer to figure 3 Note that except for step 1 the occasionally blinking lights prompt you as to which switches are active for that step 1 Push the Other Displays button until the P program mode appears in the display as the first character on the top line of the display 2 Select the program data you wish to view with the up down arrow buttons 3 To change the data shown push the RESET program button once which will start the blinking cursor in the display inviting you to change the data Then a Change data with the up down switches b Move the cursor left or right with the left right buttons 22 c After the data is changed to your liking push the RESET program button again to install the new data and to resume viewing other program data 4 Continue or Exit Provided that the cursor is not still flashing indicating you are not in the program change mode you may use the up down switches to observe other programmed data or push the OTHER DISPLAYS button to exit this mode P1 P5 Switch select These allow assignment of each of the five select switches on the display unit to its desired display options For example you could assign switch 1 to display only Volts 1 an
74. p hours is programmed as the battery capacity and the Amp hours from full display is 25 amp hours then this display will show 75 full It only has significant meaning when the corresponding Amp hour channel has the battery option selected as described under AD13 AD15 For more detail about this function see the section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge AD24 AD25 Days since charged for batt1 AD24 and batt2 AD25 Program modes affecting data mainly P32 P33 These display how many days have elapsed since the battery s reached the charged criteria as set up in program modes P32 and P33 Lead acid batteries should be periodically charged fully to enable them to retain their maximum capacity This display shows how many days ago they were fully charged expressed with a resolution of 1 100 day An alarm function can allow you to set a maximum number of days after which an alarm will signal to recharge the batteries For information on the alarm function see section 6 E 4 Also see Section 7 How the PentaMetric keeps track of battery state of charge to find out how the PentaMetric determines that the batteries are charged This display will be influenced by the numbers entered in Battery charged criteria program numbers P32 and P33 31 AD26 AD27 Days since equalized bat1 AD26 bat2 AD27 Program modes affecting data None This function is inte
75. pin connector to battery and shunts ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetaeeeeeeaaeeeeeenaeeeeeeaas 16 Section 3 Installation of PentaMetric ssssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 17 Section 3A Hardware installation Wiring instructions 0 ee eenee eee eete eee eeeaeeeeeeaeeeeesaeeeeeenaeeeeneaees 17 SAFETY WARNING o chilean eet eel ene he ei en ite ates 17 Section 3B Choosing and installing program parameters for your application ceeeeeeeeeeteeeeenees 18 Section 4 User s instructions for display unit eens 18 4 A 1 Description of 5 data switch mode most COMMON MOE ceeeeeeteeeeeeeteeeeeeettteeeeeaaes 19 4 A 2 System history display logged data mode SH 0 0 eeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeneeeeeeneeeeseneeeenenaes 20 4 A 3 Battery discharge profile logged data mode BH cc ccceccceeeseeeeeeeteeeceeeeeeeeeeeeseetaeeeeeeaeees 20 4 A 4 Program View and change P J see cccseedsecetsads nenene naa st ctbekes saaeehtebeniceee st cdelasbiceeneeniae 21 4 A 5 All Data Select mode AD i assiccsces oh cctees ts cece aA EEA AA AE EAEE AEE EAE 21 Section 5 Using the Computer Interface sssssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 21 Setting up the computer connection ccceccceceeeeccececeeeeeeeeeeeeaeceeeeeeesegeaeaeceeeeeseesescecaeeeeeeeenseeeseeeeeeess 21 Reading realtime datara I eoe nde tte tet Ade a aaa ee eed 22
76. ps Program mode P7 Likewise Watts2 uses the same label as 2 Amps Program mode P8 Also of course watts is affected by the programming of shunt type P11 P12 as described in the reference for AD7 AD8 AD20 AD21 Watt hours1 AD20 Watt hours2 AD21 Program modes affecting data P7 P8 P11 P12 Watt hours1 and Watt hours2 are the time accumulation of Watts1 and Watts2 Watt hours 1 and 2 accumulate watt hours continuously positive or negative for as long as the amps or volts channels are not zero Watt hours can be manually reset to 0 whenever desired by using the RESET button while observing the Watt hours display Refer to Section 4 A 1 reset functions for how the reset button works Program modes that affect Watt hour1 are affected by the same program modes that affect Amps Note that watt hour 1 uses the same display label as 1 Amps Program mode P7 Similarly for Watt hour 2 Also this measurement is affected by the programming of shunt type P11 P12 as described the reference for AD7 AD8 AD22 AD23 Battery Percent full 1 AD22 Battery Percent full2 AD23 Program modes affecting data P14 P15 P11 P12 P32 P33 P34 P35 This display keeps track of the amount of energy in the batteries expressed as a percentage This number is based on the battery capacity number programmed in P12 or P15 and the number of amp hours discharged from a full battery in AD7 or AD8 For example if 100 am
77. r or generator system and which is partially discharged daily by loads powered through an inverter Its purpose is to provide the user with information necessary to check that the batteries and charging system are operating correctly to keep users informed about how much energy is in the battery system at any time and to anticipate and identify problems before they cause a loss of service 1 B System components and interconnections Refer to figure 1 Information on the battery system is gathered and processed by the PentaMetric input unit which is located near the batteries and shunts There are two ways to access and control the data which it collects The data can be read and alarm setpoints and other control parameters can be controlled by a separate PentaMetric display unit figure 2 which has an LCD display and push button controls Alternatively a computer using software for Windows operating system and a PentaMetric computer interface connected to its RS232 I O port can access and control the data Both the display unit and computer interface may be used simultaneously Or the input unit may run by itself most of the time gathering data but only connected to the readout unit or computer when data needs to be read Both connect to the input unit by a 4 wire power and communications cable which may be as far as 1000 feet away from the input unit 1 B 1 The PentaMetric input unit PM 5000 U The PentaMetric input unit senses data fr
78. red Volts 2 AD4 Battery full AD22 23 and filtered Amps 1 AD10 and in addition allows a larger number of options for the number of times per day from 1 day to 1 minute To record Periodic Data you must set up 3 things 1 The number of measurements per day Program P40 2 The reference time of day that one of these recordings will be taken Program P39 the rest will be distributed equally around the 24 hour day and 3 The data you wish to record Programs P41 P42 Use Program P41 to specify which if any Amp Hr1 Amp Hr2 or Amp Hr3 you wish to record Use Program P42 to specify which if any Watt hr1 or Watt hr2 or Temperature that you wish to record To record volts or amps or battery full you must use the computer interface with the PMComm program available by free download to specify these To view the data using the PentaMetric Display unit use the System history logged display mode SH See section 4 A 2 Or for much easier access use the computer interface to download the data to a file This may then be opened for observation by a spreadsheet program such as Excel 32 Before beginning to record you may wish to erase all the data recorded in the past using Program number P45 although it is not necessary to do this in order to make space for the data When the memory is full new data is still recorded by overwriting the oldest data Size of memory Data will be recorded u
79. ry was previously discharged Since these first few points represent a time when the battery was generally being charged you would expect the amps values to usually be positive Eventually you will get to the lowest discharge point Going back further will show the numbers typically going up again and since you are going backwards in time this is tracing the time the battery was being discharged the amps values will 20 be generally negative The most interesting point to observe in this data is the voltage and amps at the low point of discharge to see that this voltage was not becoming excessively low If the battery voltage starts to go too low compared with similar previous discharge levels in the past this would indicate a loss of battery system capacity for some reason such as a bad cell or bad connection in a series string of the battery set or just old batteries Pushing the OTHER DISPLAYS button will exit this mode 4 A 4 Program view and change P This allows programmed data to be observed and entered See below section 6A 4 A 5 All Data select mode AD Refer to figure 3 for a visual summary of switch functions for this mode This mode allows you to observe the entire catalog of PentaMetric data This is the last mode to be encountered before returning to the main 5 button mode Push the up or down arrow keys to index through all 40 display items Items may also be RESET from this mode
80. s since battery was fully charged or equalized 0 0 0 eee ceeeteeeeeeneeeeteeeeeeeteeeeeeeteeaeeeeeenaees 11 1 C 7 Filtered volts and Filtered mpi eaa aaen ed lestees closes aaa raa aaa aaa aa aaae E AER aeia 11 TC 8Temperature eeii eae ea a r eaaa a aa A a aa Oaa A aa aa A aaa a aaae a E aa aa 12 1 D Summary of specific logged data measurements made by the PentaMetric cceeeeeeeeeee 12 1 D 1Periodic amp hour watt hour volts amps battery full and temperature 0 ceeeeee 12 1 D 2 Charging cycle charge efficiency self discharge current and cycle length hours 0 12 1 D 3 Discharge volts amps profile for each battery bank for each discharge and charge cycle 12 1 E Visual or audible alarms or Status odrian aaeain aata EE R r nn aeea nTa 12 TF Relay Output Comtrol gt arerin taR aA EREA SARRA A EREKE AE RA EAA AA ETAREN ARAA 13 Section 2 Some information you should know before installing the system 13 Shunt requirements rirani eee oar ee A eis el ane ite ee eee 13 SOOA SOMV SHUNT iaraa r Meer ein liettes AAA ieee eine 13 TOOALTOOMY SHUNT nce cities eera E E ein assis A ie et ie Rae 13 Ger SNUTE ia AET Gents adaauta A A A T A A T E 13 Relay Output CONTO nae n A TTA TAEA OEA RAA OA ER 14 Maximum Battery Voltage eiere nran T E AEE E EA OA O RA 14 Cable considerations from input unit to readout control unit or computer interface ssseesee eneee 15 Figure 4 Wiring of 9
81. s to measure this type of data Thus if 1 battery system is being monitored up to two charging sources loads may be also measured If 2 battery systems are being monitored then one source load may be measured 1 0 5 Charging or load watts and watt hours It shows the instantaneous input watts and watt hours for up to two charging sources such as solar or wind or loads such as an inverter The PentaMetric has 2 channels to measure this type of data Watts volts times amps One channel uses amps 1 and volts1 measurements The other uses amps 2 and volts2 Thus if 1 battery system is being monitored for watts one charging source load may be also measured 1 C 6 Days since battery was fully charged or equalized It shows how many days since battery was fully charged and how many days since battery was equalized for up to 2 battery banks This helps insure that a battery system does not go too long between full charges which would impair its life 1 C 7 Filtered volts and Filtered amps The two Volts channels and three amps can also be viewed with a filter time constant of 5 2 or 8 minutes This provides a smoothed slowly changing view of all 2 volts and 3 amps 11 displays This is useful for monitoring average wind generator amps input or other rapidly varying charging source These are used for the battery alarm parameters where it is not desired to sound an alar
82. s1 AD7 Average Amps AD10 Amp hours1 AD13 Watts1 AD18 and Watt hours1 AD20 P8 Specifies a label prefix that applies to the following display modes Amps2 AD7 Average Amps2 AD10 Amp hours2 AD13 Watts2 AD18 and Watt hours2 AD20 P9 Specifies a label prefix that applies to the following display modes Amps3 AD7 Average Amps3 AD10 and Amp hours3 AD13 Refer to AD7 AD9 section 6 B Program mode P7 P8 and P9 for more details P11 P12 P13 Shunt type These select shunt type that is used for Amp1 Amp2 and Amp3 channels These must be set to the shunt types you are using or the corresponding amps and amp hour values will be wrong by a factor of 10 Refer to AD7 8 9 section 6 B Program mode P11 P12 and P13 shunt type for more details on programming these P14 P15 B1 and B2 battery capacity P14 is for battery 1 and P15 is for battery 2 The B1 battery refers to the battery if any measured by 1Amps and Volts 1 The B2 battery refers to the battery if any measured by 2Amps and Volts 2 If a battery is being monitored by 1Amps Volts1 then enter a value of amp hours in P14 that you wish to assume for your battery system capacity This value can be from 1 to 9 999 amp hours indicating the battery bank capacity The value entered here will influence the battery full displays AD22 as explained more fully in section 7 It also determines when the Battery disch
83. system capacity in total amp hours It is often useful to enter a value that is lower than your actual battery capacity from 50 to 75 of the nameplate capacity The reason is that you typically shouldn t run your batteries right down to the bottom of their charge Also frequently in actual practice you will not get as much capacity as the nameplate number suggests as they are often overly optimistic Refer to section 6 A under P14 P15 for more information on the effect of this data P32 P33 Battery charged criteria These are the voltage and current setpoints described above in Step 1 Usually the voltage setpoint should be set to a voltage slightly lower than the bulk charging voltage of a solar or generator or other charging system This would be typically about 14 3 volts for a 12V lead acid liquid electrolyte battery system Multiply this number by 2 for a 24V system or 4 for a 48V system If you have sealed type of batteries which do not have watering holes at the top this voltage will usually be a little lower You should consult the battery manufacturer for proper charger bulk voltage setting that you set on your chargers as it is particularly important for sealed batteries to use a bulk voltage that is neither too high or too low Then set the voltage setpoint on the PentaMetric slightly below this point A typical value for the current setpoint can be found by dividing the system batter
84. t it is warm again giving the impression of inefficiency for that cycle Over several cycles however the temperature can t continue to rise or decline radically so over 4 or especially 15 cycles this will average out to a true efficiency 6 D Output control Relay programming and operation Refer to programming mode section 6A P30 P31 for programming the relay setpoints See section 2 Relay Output control for relay requirements 6 E List of each alarm option total 10 Each of 5 alarms may be turned off or may manifest as a visual alarm only or both visual and audible These choices are specified as described in Section 6 A Program modes P26 P27 P28 P29 Visual Alarms A visual alarm causes the alarm lamp to flash as soon as the alarm condition is met and goes off when the alarm condition is no longer met While the alarm is occurring you can push the alarm off on switch to view and identify the particular alarm If more than one alarm is active the display will alternate between all active alarms Audible alarms An audible alarm does all that the visual alarm does but in addition when the alarm first begins it starts a distinctive rather quiet sequence of tones to draw attention to the new alarm There are several different tone sequences depending on the alarm type You can further identify the alarm by pushing the alarm on off switch and viewing the alarm type in th
85. t under the control of a responsible person The relay coil must be wired to its own connector on the input unit See figure 1 The relay can be programmed to go ON or OFF when the Battery 1 voltage goes below a predetermined setpoint OR when the state of charge of the battery goes below a predetermined setpoint It will then go OFF or ON when the Battery 1 voltage goes above another predetermined setpoint OR when the state of charge of battery 1 goes above another predetermined setpoint For detailed description of setup see section 6A Programming section under P30 and P31 Relay technical considerations The relay coil voltage should be rated such that it can accommodate the range of battery voltage expected in the system The required current should be less than 1A For example a 24V nominal system might be expected to have a voltage that can vary from 21 0 to 32 0 volts A typical example of such a relay is the R10 series manufactured by Tyco P amp B Here are 3 relays with their ratings suitable for ambient temperatures up to 40 degrees C 104 F The XXXX shown in the part number represents numbers that can be different depending on the relay contact arrangement required nominal Voltage range up to 40 Urb SPTAR coil volts C 104 F ambient iin DC Min Max V R10 XXXX V180 12 9 16 5 99 R10 XXXX V700 24 18 32 50 R10 XXXX V2 5K 48 36 61 27 The K10 series from Tyco P amp B
86. th conditions are true If you only want the Battery1 full criterion to cause the alarm then set the voltage very low so that the low voltage can t possibly be reached If you want only the voltage to cause the alarm set the Battery1 full to 0 which will cause N A to appear See section 6 E List of each alarm option for more details P27 Batt 1 high battery alarm criteria This specifies the voltage above which the high battery 1 alarm will occur See section 6 E List of each alarm option for more details P28 Batt 2 low battery alarm criteria Same as P26 except for battery 2 P29 Batt 2 high battery alarm criteria Same as P27 except for battery 2 P30 P31 Relay ON criteria and Relay OFF criteria The relay control is designed so that you can make the relay ON when the battery charge is low and OFF when more fully charged Or it can be OFF when low and ON when high depending on the values you select To determine the state of charge the relay is controlled by both the Batt1 Full data AD22 and by the Batt 1 average voltage AD3 For firmware version 2 0 or greater only there is an option to turn OFF or ON the relay when the battery 1 is sensed as fully charged as defined by program P32 Here are the six rules that govern the relay 24 a P30 sets the voltage that will cause the relay to go OFF b P31 sets the voltage that causes the relay to go ON c If the ON
87. tic Incidentally you turn off the efficiency factor setting by programming it to 100 The use of a self discharge compensation current is new so it is not yet known if this method may be more reliable than the classic method of using an efficiency factor compensation If you use self discharge compensation the value will typically depend on the capacity of the lead acid battery system A typical value would be to divide the capacity of the battery system in amp hours by 500 and put this value of amps in P35 This is now a pretty wild guess More research is needed Then set the efficiency factor P34 to 100 so that both methods are not being used simultaneously The values that are computed by the battery efficiency logged data section 6 C 3 could be helpful in determining a suitable value for these parameters Incidentally it is possible to compensate with both efficiency factor P34 and self discharge current P35 However we don t yet recommend this yet The logic for doing this might be to program the battery efficiency for the amount of overcharge at the end of cycle and program the self discharge current for the actual self discharge current expected P36 Equalize interval This is used to define the alarm time for how many days should elapse between battery equalizations It is only applicable when the time to equalize alarm is ac
88. tivated See section 6 E 5 for more information Enter the time in days desired between equalization reminders If two battery banks are being monitored the same number applies to both banks P37 Maximum Charge interval This is used to define the alarm time for the maximum number of days which should elapse between times that the battery is detected as fully charged See section 6 E 4 Time to recharge battery for more information Enter the maximum time in days desired between a full charge If two battery banks are being monitored the same number applies to both banks 26 P38 Day and time set This is used to set the time and day of the PentaMetric internal clock The time is set in as 24 hour time The date is just an integer from 0 to 999 and can be an arbitrary number which will increase by 1 each day that elapses You could if you wish enter the Julian date which is the number of days from the beginning of the year beginning with Jan 1 as 1 It is used to determine the length of charge cycles when recording efficiency logged data and it is also used as a date stamp when periodic logged data is recorded When such data is downloaded to the computer this date and time number is attached to each recorded data The computer uses its internal date and time along with this data to calculate the actual time that the data was recorded This is why it is not important to enter
89. to P34 P35 Also keep in mind that the calculation there for self discharge includes strictly speaking more than just the self discharge current It also includes in that measurement the current loss at the top of charge due to gassing when the battery is less efficient due to the conversion of some battery electrolyte to hydrogen and oxygen gas Also pointed out in section 6 C 3 it should be noted that one single cycle can give misleading results if the temperature varies from one cycle to another as a rise in temperature can show misleadingly low efficiency and a drop in temperature can show misleadingly high efficiency Taking a 4 or 15 cycle sequential average however should eliminate that problem as the temperature cannot rise or drop a great amount over many cycles 39
90. unt type must be programmed correctly with proper shunt type resistance that is used for measuring amps for each of the 3 amp displays Otherwise the amps could be off by a factor of 10 Each of the 3 amps displays allows for a choice of either a 100A 100mV shunt or a 500A 50mV shunt If the 100A shunt is chosen the PentaMetric will read amps from 0 01 up to a maximum of 200A However the shunt itself usually has a limitation of 100A or less If the 500A shunt is chosen the PentaMetric will display amps from 0 1 to a maximum of 1000A but the shunt is generally limited to 400 amps continuous above which it will overheat For firmware version 2 0 or greater if desired to allow Amps2 to measure the total current in shunts 1 shunt 2 then program P12 Amps2 shunt type for A1 A2 AD10 AD11 AD12 Average filtered amps1 AD10 Average filtered amps2 AD11 Average filtered amps3 AD12 Program modes affecting data P7 P8 P9 P11 P12 P13 P16 These are sluggish or slowly varying versions of Amps1 Amps2 Amps3 AD7 ADQ9 They are filtered in exactly the same way as Filtered volts AD3 and AD4 Refer to section on AD3 and AD4 Average filtered battery1 volts for description of the filtering process These filtered values are used when values of amps are recorded in the data logging functions so that short term anomalous values are not logged It is also useful for observing
91. unts are required to measure current amps by this meter These are large precise very low resistance resistors that convert amps to millivolts that the meter reads One shunt is needed for each amps channel up to a maximum of 3 They must all be wired in the negative side of the battery system in series with the wire or cable whose current you wish to measure The wiring diagram figure 1 shows numerous possible locations for the shunts depending on the application There are two types of shunts that you may use depending on the range of current you need to measure All 3 need not be the same type 500A 50mvV shunt The PentaMetric can measure from 0 1 to up to 1000 amps with the 500A 50mV shunt but shunts of this type are usually limited to 400 or so continuous amps before they overheat This assumes they are connected with 1 ft or more of 0000 copper cable at each end to conduct away heat and of course electricity 100A 100mV shunt The PentaMetric can measure from 0 01 to up to 200 amps with this shunt but shunts of this type are usually limited to 75 100Amps continuous before they overheat This assumes they are connected with 1 ft or more with 4 wire to conduct away heat Other shunts If you have a very small battery or battery system it is also possible to use other shunt values For example a 10A 100mV shunt could be used if the system is measuring a small battery where an amps range fro
92. ut unit to collect process and log data near batteries Required component 2 optional readout unit with LCD display and control buttons Connect to input unit with 4 wires up to 1000 feet away 3 optional RS232 computer interface with software to control and read out all data 4 optional USB computer interface with software to control and read out all data 5 optional Ethernet internet computer interface with software to control and read out all data Data may be simultaneously accessed and controlled with item 2 and or any one of items 3 4 or 5 Real Time Measurement capability Basic measurements Volts 2 channels Accuracy 0 1V Channel 1 8 70V also supplies meter power Channel 2 0 100 volts Amps 3 channels 01 200 Amps 100A 100mV shunt 0 1 1000 Amps 500A 50mV shunt Accuracy 1 5 Heast sig digit Optional with version 2 0 or greater Channel 1 2 can be summed to one amps reading for measuring two shunts for two battery strings in parallel for very large systems Temperature 20 C to 65 C Requires optional temperature sensor TS 1 with 10 ft cord Secondary measurements derived from basic measurements Amp hour 3 channels to 83 000 Amp hours Cumulative negative battery amp hours 2 channels to 1 000 000 amp hours To measure total cumulative wear of batteries Smoothed time filtered Amps with time constant of 0 5 2 or 8 minutes 3 channels 01 200 Amps 100A 100mV shunt 0 1 1000 Amps 500A
93. venient access 2 Connect the RS232 port on the computer to the computer interface Use a regular modem cable not a null modem cable 21 3 Invoke the program double click icon to open a window that will allow viewing data viewing and changing programmed data and downloading logged data After first opening the program choose the options button and choose the correct computer com port which you have connected to the PentaMetric Then close that window and select Start display If everything is properly connected the green Receiving data should periodically appear at the bottom of the screen If it shows in red Error receiving data recheck all cable connections and confirm that the correct com port has been selected using the options box If you get a communications error indicated by the red box at the bottom that says error Port timeout check that the PentaMetric computer interface is properly connected to the correct computer com port with a regular modem cable not a null modem cable Also be certain that the 4 wire cable from the PentaMetric input unit is connected properly to the PentaMetric computer interface If you get an error that says access denied this is because another software program on your computer is also trying to use that same port You will have to find which one it is and disable it Reading real time data After the start displa
94. voltage is higher than the OFF voltage then the relay will go ON when the voltage is above the high voltage and OFF when it is below the low setting If you want the relay to work in the opposite sense then put the ON voltage below the OFF voltage d If the BATT FULL settings are disabled with display unit by setting it to 0 then in between the voltage settings the relay will not change its state e if the BATT FULL settings are specified then in between the voltage settings the value of BATT FULL can also change the relay state f The BATT FULL settings follow the expected logic of the voltage settings so if the relay goes ON at high voltage and OFF at low voltage then the relay goes ON at high BATT FULL and goes OFF at low BATT FULL g In addition for firmware versions 2 0 or greater when the BATT FULL setting is set to 100 instead of responding when the actual full AD22 reading reaches 100 the relay will respond when Battery 1 reaches the charged criteria as defined by the settings in program number P32 The voltage command is always dominant so in case the BATT FULL setting specifies go on and the voltage setting specifies go off the voltage will always govern If you want only the VOLTS to control the relay disable the Batt1 Full settings You can disable either or both FUL settings by entering 0 When you do this in the Display Unit
95. volts amps watts in and out of batteries amp hours from full charge watt hours for up to 2 battery banks sharing a common negative Volts are measured to 0 1 volts from 10 0 to 99 9 volts Amps are measured from 1 to 1000 Amps with the 500A 50mV shunt or 0 01 to 300 Amps with 100A 100mV shunt Lower current ranges can be measured with special shunts 1 C 2 State of charge for up to 2 battery banks This shows the user how much energy is left in the battery banks The display is shown as a percentage It is derived by measuring the number of the amp hours removed from a full battery based on a value of capacity which you program into the PentaMetric It is also possible to view the same information as amp hours removed from a full battery 1 C 3 Cumulative negative amp hours for up to 2 battery banks This measures only the discharging amp hours without counting the charging amp hours which shows the total long term accumulated discharge amp hours from each battery bank This gives a bottom line measure of how much total use the batteries have seen in their lifetime similar to an odometer in a car This number is retained even if power from the meter is temporarily disconnected 1 C 4 Charging or load current amps and amp hours It measures the input current amps and amp hours for up to three charging sources such as solar or wind or loads such as an inverter The PentaMetric has 3 amps channel
96. y button is actuated click the rectangle above one of the 6 little viewing windows which will give you a choice of items to display Choose one of these After you have done this the value should display in the viewing window Up to 6 items may be displayed simultaneously Getting logged data When you wish to get your logged data into the computer select that option among the choices offered It will show you where on your disk it will download files If you wish to direct it to a different place click the browse button and specify the desired location The logged data will consist of up to 5 dated files If you open these with Microsoft Excel the data will show in a tabular form whose meaning should be clear if you refer to section 6 C of these instructions If no data exists for that file it will not be made Note that the date of the download is part of the filename Periodic data file PM_Mar_04_2004_PeriodicData csv Battery discharge Profile for battery 1 PM_Mar_04_2004_Bat1DischProfile csv Battery discharge Profile for battery 2 PM_Mar_04_2004_Bat2DischProfile csv Battery 1 cycle efficiency PM_Mar_04_2004_Bat1CycleEfficy csv Battery 2 cycle efficiency PM_Mar_04_2004_Bat2CycleEfficy csv Programming data To read or change programmed data choose the Program the PentaMetric button Consult these instructions beginning of section 6A for detailed programming information if the data on the screen is not sufficient f
97. y capacity in Amp hours by 50 to find the amps value to enter A more stringent criterion can be imposed by reducing this amps value or it may be made less stringent by increasing it P34 Efficiency factor and P35 Self discharge current Set the Efficiency factor to 94 and the self discharge current to 0 if you are not sure what values to use There is more information on these in section 6 A under P34 P35 and also in the next paragraph Why not use the PentaMetric measurements of battery efficiency for these Although you must enter the value of efficiency factor P34 and self discharge current P35 that the PentaMetric uses for keeping track of Battery Full they are also measured by the PentaMetric as described in section 6 C 3 System battery efficiency cycle data As described there in excruciating detail the amount of self discharge loss is measured for each charge discharge cycle and the result of this measurement is expressed in two forms one as the battery efficiency per cycle and also simultaneously as the self discharge current in amperes It is computed for the last 1 4 or 15 cycles Note that although the answer is supplied in two forms they are both measuring the same thing As we have not gained enough experience yet with these measurements we don t have yet advice that we can give with confidence that these numbers can be used and directly entered in
98. you will see that N A will be shown If you want only the Batt1 Full to control the relay put the VOLTS setpoints at an extreme HIGH or LOW such that the actual battery voltage can never reach it but be sure to put the correct one HIGH and LOW so the relay will change the way that you want as described in item f above Also for version 2 0 or greater when this is set to 100 the relay will ignore the actual full reading and will only respond when the battery reaches full charged as defined in program P32 Example1 Relay goes ON when voltage low OFF when high If you wish the relay to go ON below 24 5 volts and OFF above 27 volts and not be affected by Batt1 full then program as follows P30 RELAY ON settings 24 5V Batt 0 or disable Batt ON P30 RelayOff setings 27 0V Batt 0 or disable Batt OFF Example2 Relay goes OFF when voltage low ON when high If you wish the relay to go OFF below 24 5 volts and ON above 27 volts and not be affected by Batt1 full then program as follows P30 RelayOn 27 0V Batt 0 or disable Batt ON P30 RelayOff 24 5V Batt 0 or disable Batt OFF In either case the relay will not change when in between these voltages Example3 Relay goes ON when Batt low OFF when high If you wish the relay to go ON below 50 and OFF above 80 then program as follows for a 24 V system P30 RelayOn 10 0V Batt 50 P30 RelayOff 35 0V Batt 80 Example4 Relay goes OFF when

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