sigmadue microPAC MP
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1. n Quick Guide Cosa Q G MicroPAC MP 01 1 09 12 Cod J30 478 1AQGMP E Copyright 2008 ASCON spa All rights reserved No part of this document may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form electronic or mechanical without prior written permission of ASCON Spa ASCON has exercised care in preparing this book and believes the information contained within to be accurate The ASCON Products are subjected to continuous improvement in the pursuit the technological leadership These improvements could require changes to the information contained within this book ASCON reserves the right to change such information without notice ASCON makes no warranty of any kind expressed or implied with regard to the documentation contained in this book ASCON shall not be liable for any incidental and consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of this book sigmadue gammadue and deltadue are trademarks of ASCON spa All the other tradenames or product name are trademark or registered trademarks ASCON spa Via Falzarego 9 11 20021 Baranzate Milano Italy Fax 39 02 3504243 http www ascon it support ascon it Prerequisites Using this manual Current Documentation on the Internet Chapter 1 Hardware Installation Mechanical installation sio su s ss Werk as ern 1 1 1 Installing and Removing modules Electrical2. and the location where the file will be stored As you can see there are plenty of programming languages that can be chosen but we will only use ST in this introduction Enter blinker_st as the name and ST as language and press OK Do not change the file location Now you are asked if you want to link the new program to the active resource Click Yes and a new task named blinker_st will appear in the resource pane under the active resource The Editor Pane will open displaying two different windows At the top is the declaration window for your first program at the bottom is the instruction window of your program Enter the sample program like shown below VAR button AT 10 0 BOOL input blinker AT 00 0 BOOL output timer TON timer function block END_VAR In be call 2s timer timer in button pt T 2s if 2s are over if timer q then f toggle blinker blinker not blinker and reset timer timer in FALSE end_if blinker blinker AND button x ST binker_st S Chapter 6 Getting started the first project Press File gt CheckSyntax to invoke a syntax check In the diagnostic output window you should read 0 errors 0 warnings If not carefully check what you have entered 6 3 Executing Code Note To execute your small application we need to compile it and transfer the code to the co
3. Select the Resource Properties item in the PLC menu select Ascon in the Hardware Module field then select the newly created TCP connection in the Network Connection field Edit Resource Specifications Ascon mPAC 4 0 1 0 x Name Resource Options Hardware Module I Enable Upload Ascon mPAC 4 0 1 0 v TT Include Library Blocks TT Download Symbol Table Network Connection TCP_Ascon_Default v Optimization size ony y ces Figure 5 3 OpenPCS resource Specifications The code Optimization menu allows for three choices of compilation Normal and Speed only refers to the NCC Native Code Compilation while Size only refers to the standard code Please note that the use of NCC does not permit the user to insert break points in debugging projects There are several conditions that could make it necessary to set the Ethernet Port communication timeout to a value higher than the default value This timeout checks the dialogue between OpenPCS and the target CPU When dealing with large programs it may be necessary to set a longer driver timeout The default value of 20000ms can be increased by using the following register key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SOFTWARE infoteam Software GmbH OpenPCS 6 x x Online TcpDriverTimeout_ms Value 20000 means a timeout of 20 seconds Chapter 6 Getting started the first project To introduce you to OpenPCS we will use a simple example sho
4. dbus Serial ports RS232 485 Configuration Connector X1 configuration Port Connector X0 microswitches Ethernet 10 Base T port LAN 2 LAN status LEDs LAN x1 xo CPU reset button 2 sigmadue g Serial ports FA seen oa iia X0 X1 activity igh O tl ial Dae BROT LEDs green CE ETE EI Ce imicroPAC eoi ESA e Expansion bus connector 11213141112131 4 8 digital input lala LEDs yellow 8 digital output LEDs red Diagnostics LEDs e ERR e RUN e BAT e PWR 112131415161 7 8 DEBEEEEAMERNEEIEIEI TEIEIEIEIER E TBE seele EEEE ETRE IBS 2 3 AAA RE cn E E A EEA A CDP x N Power Supply Terminals 24 Vac dc A10 A11 A Ground B10 Ma OV B1 B11 1121314 L lL s161718 LE x 2 Analogue Analogue Analogue Run Stop Digital input Digital output input input output terminal A1 terminals terminals terminals terminals terminals and RS status A2 A4 A6 A9 E1 E6 E7 E10 E11 E14 LED B2 B4 B6 B9 F1 F6 F6 F10 F11 F14 Figure 1 1 Basic Unit I O and Communication Ports WARNING The RESET button does not restart the CPU or the 1131 application The RESET button resets all the stored setup parameters and restores the defaut parameters as well as those set by the user Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide Ethernet 10 Base T port LAN 2 LAN status LEDS Serial ports configuration microswitches Expansio
5. ed to restart it The following Stepps need to be done in order to run Online Edit The program must be compiled and running on the PLC The source is opened in an editor window The Editor can be switched from Monitor Mode green colored symbol to Edit Mode red colored symbol and back via PLC gt Online Edit or the corresponding button of the toolbar Implement the desired changes and close the Edit Mode via PLC gt Online Edit again OpenPCS prints a dialogue to accept and download the changes infoteam OpenPCS The file was changed Do you want to apply the changes to the PLC es eo If the changes are accepted OpenPCS recompiles the necessary unit and downloads them to the PLC without stoppig the running cycle The changes have bearing on the next cycle OpenPCS prompts a message in the output window if the update is finished Persistency file creation disabled due to online linking Executing Post Build Steps Total O error s O warning s The PLC reports the following loaded resource Project MYFIRST Resource RESOURCE Build date 11 11 2008 11 11 12 Load date 11 11 2008 11 11 13 Online changes successfully applied Output lt m 621 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Appendix A Reference documents Infoteam OpenPCS programming system user manual version 6 0 English IEC 61131 3 Programming Industrial Automation Sys
6. gle click the mouse Now press F9 to set a breakpoint to that line You will see a red dot immediately marking the breakpoint Shortly after that you will notice a yellow arrow identifying the current instruction pointer OpenPCS will display Breakpoint reached in the output window button AT 10 0 BOOL input blinker AT 00 0 BOOL output timer TON timer function block END_VAR aa gt call 2s timer timer in button pt T 2s if 2s are over if timer q then toggle blinker blinker not blinker and reset timer timer in FALSE end_if blinker blinker AND button E gt lt El startup htm ST blinker_ stS You may still move the mouse cursor around to examine variable values while the controller is stopped at the breakpoint Press F10 to single step through your code or press F5 to continue execution Within a line that contains a breakpoint press F9 again to delete the breakpoint OpenPCS supports Online Edit for further information see Online Edit in the user manual If SmartSIM does not stop when you set a breakpoint you probably did not set optimisation settings properly Be sure your resource is configured for size only 15 Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide 6 5 Online Edit Online Edit or Online Change is a feature whereby program changes are applied to the PLC without the ne
7. he Files Pane shows all files of the project 2 The Resource Pane displays the current configuration with all defined Resources and their tasks 3 The Library Pane contains all installed libraries 4 The Help Pane shows the help topics Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide OpenPCS has already created one empty file to contain your type definitions named usertype typ and a default resource named resource Typically the default resource will need to be configured properly for your controller We are not using any controller here so the resource is quite ok but to demonstrate breakpoints later we will need to set optimisation low enough to allow that Find the resource entry in the Resource Pane right click it with your mouse to show the context menu and select Properties Edit Resource Specifications infoteam SmartSIM ES Name Resource GE Hardware Module T Enable Upload infoteam SmartSIM y TT Include Library Blocks en Download Symbol Table Simulation Optimization aa cms Under Optimization Size only should be selected by default If you use a sample project from your PLC manufacturer other optimization settings can be set WARNING For using breakpoints optimization must be set to Size only 6 2 Writing Code To create a new program choose File gt New A dialog box will appear where you must choose the programming language a filename
8. icate markings found in the Configuration Tools Warnings Cautions and Notes are used to emphasize critical instructions DANGER Indicates an imminently hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or serious injury WARNING Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury Caution Indicates a potentially hazardous situation which if not avoided may result in minor or moderate injury or property damage Note Highlights important information about an operating procedure or the equipment Current Documentation on the Internet Make sure you are always working with the latest version of this document ASCON spa reserves the right to make changes to its products in the name of technological advancement New manual revisions when published and can be found online at http www ascon it vi 1 1 1 1 1 Chapter 1 Hardware Installation Mechanical installation The sigmadue microPAC and the expansion modules are installed on standard DIN rail In a normal cabinet layout the first slot on the left must be reserved for the Basic Unit because the connector for the expansion modules is on the right end Up to two I O modules can be connected to each Basic Unit Installing and Removing modules A complete description on how the modules can be mounted on or removed from a DIN Rail can be found in the MP 01 Installation Manual 9 RS485 Mo
9. installation ail seat head ee aa 1 2 1 Connect the communication cables 1 2 2 Connector A connections 1 2 3 Connector B connections 1 2 4 Connector E connections Issue riesi owas du LR 1 2 5 Connector F connections 1 1 1 2 Chapter 2 OpenPCS Programming Suite Installation InstalingiOpenPGS dado ES Ed ee eis 2 1 1 Hardware and Software Requirements 2 1 2 Installation Zur era er aed ty ee ee 2 1 3 Starting OpenPCS net 2 1 Chapter 3 ASCON target cab file Installation Configuring OpenPCS nn Suor herria sie dre 3 1 Chapter 4 PC Ethernet port configuration Chapter 5 OpenPCS Set up 5 1 OpenPCS Setup vi vi PPROODD O1 O1 O1 A o 0 Chapter 6 6 2 Writing Code 6 3 Executing Code 6 4 Monitoring Code 6 5 Online Edit Appendix A Getting started the first project 6 1 Creating a New project Reference documents Index continued Prerequisites The products described in this manual should be installed operated and maintained only by qualified application programmers and software engineers who are familiar with EN 61131 3 concepts of PLC programming automation safety topics and applicable national standards This quick guide gives the first principle
10. ith a call of a functionblock As you will notice most instructions are assignments and function block calls Chapter 6 Getting started the first project In this sample program we have a functionblock TON output is true after expiration of time control strucure IF code of this block is only executed if its expression is satisfied assignments result of the right is assigned to variable on the left and the operator AND and connect operand to current result Please note which hardware addresses are valid is strongly dependent on the PLC you are using 6 1 Creating a New project For our first OpenPCS code we will set up a new project Start OpenPCS and select File gt Project gt New A dialog box will prompt for the name and location of the new project Create a new file File Type Template 92 Ascon spa na infoteam Software Gmb 32 SmartSim Project Project for target SmartSIM Name Location C Projects as Enter a name of your choice e g MyFirst Note The name of an OpenPCS project should not contain blank space characters or special characters Plus for easy updates it is recommended that you store your application separate from OpenPCS To give an example C PROJECTS is a good location to store your projects Now the Browser contains the new project Project ax Project MYFIRST E USERTYPE TYP A Lib Help There are different views on your project 1 T
11. n bus connector RS485 Modbus Connector X1 RS232 485 Configuration Port Connector X0 Figure 1 2 Communications and expansion bus connectors For pin outs and electrical characteristics see MP 01 Installation Manual 9 1 2 Electrical installation Referring to Figure 1 1 Basic Unit I O and Communication Ports and Figure 1 2 Communications and expansion bus connectors 1 2 1 Connectthe communication cables RS232 485 X0 connector Serial Service The connector XO on the MP 01 unit is an RJ45 type with the following pinout ModBus Port D D GND GND RX RS485 RS485 RS485 RS232 RS232 RS232 RS485 X1 connector Modbus Port The connector X1 on the MP 01 unit is an RJ45 type with the following pinout Pin 1 2 3 Terne Signal D RS485 D RS485 GND RS485 NC INC NC NC NC LAN Ethernet LAN connector 10baseT The connector on the CPU module is an RJ45 type with the following pinout Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Signal TX TX RX NC NC RX NC NC Chapter I Hardware Installation 1 2 2 Connector A connections The A terminal block allows the connection of the 24V Power Supply Run Stop 4 Digital Inputs and 4 Digital Outputs Signals The terminals are positioned as follows Label Function Run Stop DI1 DI2 DI3 DI4 DO1 DO2 DO3 DO4 POWER Signal INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT INPUT OUT OUT OUT OUT 24V 24V SE A A GS Run Stop Digital Inp
12. nalogue output minus poles Chapter 2 OpenPCS Programming Suite Installation The OpenPCS programming suite from Infoteam is provided on CD ROM It is also available online at www infoteam de 2 1 Installing OpenPCS 2 1 1 2 1 2 Note 2 1 3 Hardware and Software Requirements OpenPCS requires a PC with at least Pentium Il 1GHz 512 MB RAM 16 GB of free disk space CD ROM and 1024 768 resolution Windows 2003 Server Windows XP SPII or Windows Vista 32bit Installation OpenPCS is provided on CD ROM The CD auto starts a screen where you can select the software you want to install If auto start is not activated or does not work please start the lastdistributed OenPCS programming tool version e g OpenPCS_Ver_631e exe file available in x SETUP folder X is the letter assigned to the CD ROM drive in your PC At the end of the installation you will be asked if you want to install hardware drivers If drivers were provided with your PLC enter the path to the hardware driver otherwise click Exit If drivers were received for your PLC a license key for OpenPCS was also included See Licence Editor for how to insert a licence key If you did not receive a hardware driver nor a licence key OpenPCS is still fully functional but restricted to SIMULATION Installations to substitute drives are not supported by Windows XP Starting OpenPCS With Windows started choose Start gt P
13. ntroller first To build the code for the controller select PLC gt Build Active Resource from the menu bar In the output window you will see the compilation proceed The end of the output should look similar to the following x code size in bytes 5004 A Number of segments 23 O error s O warning s C PROTECTS MYFIRST GEN Resource Resource PCD Persistency file creation disabled due to online linking Executing Post Build Steps Total 2 9 error s O warning s v al lt il gt m After compilation finished successfully your code needs to be transferred to your controller Now select PLC gt Online to Connect to the resource OpenPCS will detetct that your application needs to be downloaded and will prompt your permission to do so E OpenPCS Online Server 32 The Resource on the PLC is not up to date Would you like to download the current Resource BE Accept that with yes You will see a progress bar while the code is being transferred but for this small example it should be finished very quickly When download has finished you will see that OpenPCS automatically opened another of its tools the Test and Commissioning This is proof that OpenPCS is online Instancepath Name Value Type Address Force Comment or amp OPC Variables Watchlist Resource WL In this introduction we are not using a real hardware controller Instead we are using the Windows Simulation to
14. o that comes with OpenPCS named SmartSIM Use PLC gt Coldstart or z press the red arrow in the toolbar i D gt i gt E A m 6 z t to start execution of your code Go to SmartSIM and activate the first input button This should activate the first output blinker After an expiration of three seconds it should go inactive switching back after another three seconds De activate the first input button and the first output blinker should be inactive Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide RESOURCE SmartSIM32 infoteam infoteam infoteam if i infoteam input fl power supply ff processing unit power off 4 run 2 stop SmartSIM Monitoring Code Now that your application is running go back to the Browser and find the Resource in your project Click all the small plus signs to open the entire tree under the resource entry This will reveal the instance tree showing all instances of programs and function blocks and all variables that you used in your program Project ax Configuration E Resource 6 BLINKER_ST 2 BLINKER e BUTTON Af TIMER TON e er IONI e PT Ja Double click some of the variable entries grey boxes with 0 1 shown and see the corresponding variables added to the watch list in the Test amp Commissioning Persistency file creation disabled due to online linking Executing Post Build Steps Total O erro
15. r s O warning s The PLC reports the following loaded resource Project MYFIRST Resource RESOURCE Build date 11 11 2008 11 11 12 Load date 11 11 2008 11 11 13 3 Online changes successfully applied ul J a Output Go back to SmartSIM and modify the inputs to see the effect in the watch list The ST Editor will also be in monitor mode You should see a different cursor once you move the mouse onto the ST Editor Note Chapter 6 Getting started the first project Move the mouse cursor to a variable in your code and after a short period you will see a tooltip like display of online value display button AT I0 0 BOOL input blinker AT 00 0 BOOL output timer TON timer function block END_VAR v lt i ll call 2s timer timer in button pt T 2s if 2s are over if timer q then toggle blinker 3 blinker not blinker and reset timer timer in FALSE BOOL AT Q0 0 blinker FALSE end_if blinker blinker AND button M lt 5 gt startuphtm ST blinker_stS Move the mouse around and point at different variables to examine their values If the variables are modified by the application the display will be automatically refreshed If you need to analyse the logic of your code value display alone may not be enough Move the cursor to a line of your program that contains code and sin
16. rograms gt infoteam OpenPCS 2008 gt infoteam OpenPCS 2008 this will open the Framework Chapter 3 ASCON target cab file Installation 3 1 Configuring OpenPCS In order to work with the Ascon CPU target you must install in OpenPCS a cab file The file Ascon_sigmadue_Lxx_Hyy_zzzz cab contains all the files describing Ascon sigmadue Hardware drivers examples and utilities xx yy and zzzz are digits to identify the software version In the OpenPCS Extras menu select tools Driver install Select the desired cabinet e g Ascon_sigmadue_L13_H7_2009 cab then InstalP OpenPCS Add Driver Utility Show target drivers from directory C Programmilinfoteam Software OpenPC52006 Openpcs 520 0EMCAB zs Available target drivers MM Show details OEM Name Description Version _ Filepath ASCON Sigma2 Driver for Ascon PAC 5 2 ICHPROGRAMMININFC s Info Please select a driver cabinet file you wish to install Figure 3 1 OpenPCS OEM Driver Installation Chapter 4 PC Ethernet port configuration In order to communicate with the ASCON MP 01 you must set the IP address and subnet mask of your PC To do this go to the Start gt Control Panel gt Network Connection gt LAN right click it with your mouse to show the context menu and select Properties In the General sheet select Internet Protocol and chose Properties In the General sheet now you can
17. s follows Function Al1 Al2 AI3 Al4 AI5 AI6 Univ Ali Univ Al2 AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 Signal IN IN IN IN IN IN IN IN OUT OUT OUT OUT ee e Analogue input mA V Analogue input mA V Analogue ouput mA V 1 6 6 configurable analogue linear input plus poles These inputs can be configured as mA or V The minus poles are on connector F 7 10 A B 2 optional universal high level analogue linear inputs No 7 8 see the MP 01 Installation Manuaf for details The number 0 2 and type of input can be identified with the order code The other terminals of these 2 inputs are on connector F 11 14 4 optional analogue output plus poles The number of output 0 4 is specified in the order code the type of output is set during the CPU setup phase see the MP 01 Installation Manual for details The minus poles are on connector F 1 2 5 Connector F connections The connector labelled F has 14 terminals Function Univ AI Univ Al2 Signal Analogue input mA V 1 6 IN IN Analogue input mA V Analogue ouput mA V 6 configurable analogue linear input minus poles 7 10 P b 2 optional universal high level analogue linear inputs No 7 8 see the MP 01 Installation Manuaf for details 11 14 4 optional a
18. s of use for the ASCON microPAC system To start programming you need this guide a PC the OpenPCS programming suite and at least the microPAC Basic Unit There are three possibilities regarding the hardware and software in use 1 Use the microPAC demo box In this case you have all the things you need Just install OpenPCS on your PC and connect it to the demo box 2 Use microPAC Basic Unit alone In this case you should provide An adequate power supply An Ethernet CAT 5 cross cable e g ASCON part AP S2 CABLECUPROG When requested the serial ports are optional the service port serial cable e g ASCON part AP S2 CANBLECUCONF 3 Use microPAC Basic Unit with some I O modules In this case you should provide An adequate power supply An Ethernet CAT 5 cross cable e g ASCON part AP S2 CABLECUPROG When requested the serial ports are optional the service port serial cable e g ASCON part AP S2 CANBLECUCONF When the external I O modules are specific to the microPAC series it is only necessary to connect the modules and the I Os as the modules are ready to be installed Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide Using this manual Specifications within the text of this manual are given in the International System of Units SI with non SI equivalents in parentheses Fully Capitalized words within the text indicate markings found on the equipment Words in bold style within the text ind
19. set IP address 192 168 5 xx xx all except 11 Chapter 5 OpenPCS Set up 5 1 OpenPCS Setup To connect the OpenPCS development system to the Ascon target a new connection must be defined Select Connections item in the PLC menu In the window of Figure 5 1 OpenPCS Connection Setup select New Now in the window Edit connection it is possible to set the new connection In the field Name you can name the new connection By pushing the Selec button you can pick the driver that manages the communication with the target for Ascon CPU is TCP52 Connection Setup Available Connections Name Driver Settings Code Repository Path Simulation IPC SmartSim exe single CAPROGRAMMININFO Edit Connection Connection Name TCP_Ascon_Default ne frersa Select Settings Comment En Figure 5 1 OpenPCS Connection Setup By clicking the Settings button you can set set the communication parameters TCP Settings Port 1200 IP address 192 168 5 11 TT PLC uses Motorola format big endian La Bee Figure 5 2 TCP Settings The Port number and IP address must be the same as those configured at the initial CPU configuration session See the Ethernet setup menu items 7 and 2 OpenPCS environment is now ready to communicate with the Ascon target The project must be set up in order to use the CPU Setup Communication Timeout Chapter 5 OpenPCS Setup
20. tems Karl Heinz John Michael Tiegelkamp Springer Ascon Firmware Function Block Library IEC 61131 3 Function Block Library Estensioni per gestire porte di comunicazione dell ambiente OpenPCS V1 0 Maurizio Grassi Modbus Messaging on TCP IP implementation guide http www Modbus IDA org MODBUS over Serial Line Specification amp Implementation guide http www Modbus IDA org MODBUS APPLICATION PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION http www Modbus IDA org MP 01 Installation manual code J30 658 1AMP 01 E MP 01 User manua code J30 478 1AMP 01 E microPAC 1 0 modules Installation Manuals microPAC 1 0 modules User Manuals Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide Appendix A Reference documents Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide 20
21. ut Digital Output Power Supply Digital Input 1 RS Run Stop terminal connecting this terminal to a 24V source it is possible to launch or stop the execution of the 1131 program loaded in the CPU 2 5 1 4 4 Digital Inputs terminals connecting this terminal to a 24V source it is possible to change the status of the input 6 9 1 4 4 Digital Outputs terminals Each source type PNP digital output can manage a 24V 0 5A load 10 11L 24Vdc power supply terminals 1 2 3 Connector B connections The B terminal block allows the connection of the OV Power Supply 4 Digital Inputs 4 Digital Outputs Signals and the system hearth The terminals are positioned as follows 10 Label M Function POWER DI2 DI3 Ground Signal OV INPUT INPUT Ground M L Sn Power Digital Input Digital Output Frame Power supply ground supply 1 M OV power supply terminal 2 5 gt 4 Digital Inputs terminals connecting this terminal to a 24V source it is possible to change the status of the input 6 9 5 8 4 Digital Outputs terminals Each source type PNP digital output can manage a 24V 0 5A load 10 A Frame ground 11 M OV power supply terminal Sigmadue microPAC MP 01 Quick Guide 1 2 4 Connector E connections The E terminal block allows the connection of 6 Analogue Inputs 2 optional Ana logue Inputs and 4 Analogue Outputs The terminals are positioned a
22. wn below The rest of this chapter will then implement the solution with OpenPCS Problem A blinker shall blink when a button button is pressed with an interval of 2 seconds If the button is released the blinker should immediately turn off Solution might look like this PROGRAM blinker_st VAR button AT 10 0 BOOL input blinker AT 00 0 BOOL output timer TON timer functionblock END_VAR call 2s timer timer in button pt T 2s if 2s are over if timer q then toggle blinker blinker not blinker and reset timer timer in false end_if blinker blinker AND button END PROGRAM The program starts with the keyword PROGRAM and ends with the other keyword END_PROGRAM When working with OpenPCS you will not type in these keywords but rather the editor will create them automatically for you OpenPCS will prompt you for the name of the program when you create a new program In contrast to traditional PLC programming languages IEC61131 requires that you declare all variables that you use This line declares a variable of name button of data type BOOL to be mapped to hard ware address l0 0 i e this variable shall denote the lowest bit of the first input byte O Almost everywhere in IEC61131 you can use comments to describe your programs The instruction part of the program starts w
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