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1. 4 99 TAB sinput OULDUE tite ott to un tere tu ve E e at tU tet ee e terere 4 100 TAN Mathematical 4 101 TIMES interupi xeric ce ete tetur tere tu ve E e tu et e fe A tU e Te E Rees 4 102 TIMES String Operator ter erepti ERE 4 103 ul FAC S Deblgist co unco uero uer ue TUE c ue Ee E DUE DUE Ue TE eS 4 104 IJGASES sString Operator seem rein eg e I EI 4 106 USING Ces ose ens Totti ute e e PU PU EIU EISE 4 107 Formatting Numbers 0 0000 cece eee 4 108 Formatting Exponential Numbers 4 108 Formatting Stings iia ridge ei ei ea eee ee ee 4 109 VALE String Operator oil eg te ee RI ie ed Ve ee e ed Ve ee S 4 110 WORD Advanced Operator 4 111 line column Input Output 4 112 CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS 5 1 Table of Dyadic Mathematical Operators 5 1 CHAPTER 6 LOGICAL AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS 6 1 EQOGIGAE OPERATORS Ubi cx Pie she Sloe ota alee winters oan eae eee ee 6 1 Table of Logical Operators 6 1 Logical Operators Truth Tables
2. reden a 4 75 REM Miscellaneous maaa a a a eit fele thee a 4 76 RESTORE Input Output o on nunana ees 4 77 Interr pt ene EA Terre eee reeves 4 78 RETURN Flow Control ono peRPRCHPPRCHPPCHPPCEPECHPPPUPEPI OPE PPP 4 79 REVERSE String Operator l l 4 80 RIGHTS String Op erator 4 81 RND Mathematical 4 82 SETINPUT Input Output essence e eer eee 4 83 SETPORT Input Output E pE E EAE PO EPE AE EREEREER MEE 4 85 Software Handshaking 000 cece eee 4 87 Hardware Bi directional CTS RTS Handshaking 4 87 Uni directional CTS Hardware Flow Control 4 87 NoiHandshakings s 25 35 RR RETE eee 4 87 SGN Mathematical Operator 1 0 0 0 tee 4 91 SIN Mathematical Operator 4 92 SPG Input OUtDUE C et ie s e e Sie ie See Re Ne Sie Re Bie es 4 93 SQR Mathematical 4 94 SILOB e Elow Gohtrol s Bees Seles e eee tet 4 95 STOREQ or 5 Advanced 4 96 SERS Sting Operator ete ee 4 97 STRING Memory 4 98 SYSTEM Miscellaneous
3. If MTOP is used in a program it should be the first statement in the program because BASIC stores strings and non dimensional variables from MTOP down gt PRINT MTOP 32767 default value gt MTOP 16383 assign new value gt PRINT MTOP 16383 REM Store new MTOP value for next power up gt AUTOSTART mode program baud 16383 STATEMENTS OCTHEX String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Related Advanced Converts an octal base 8 number into its ASCII hex string equivalent string variable OCTHEX expression 1 HEX PHO PH1 expression can range from 0 to 177777 The 1 is optional and if included causes OCTHEX to suppress leading zeros PRINT1 OCTHEX 10 0008 PRINT1 OCTHEX 177777 FFFF OCTHEX 7777 1 REM LAST USER V MEMORY LOCATION 1000 OCTHEX with leading zeros suppressed OCTHEX 700 1 1C0 P OCTHEX 10 1 8 To convert an ASCII hex string into a decimal number add a 0 at the beginning of the string and a H to the end of the string and use VAL P VAL 0 OCTHEX 7777 1 H 4096 Use this command to convert a known V Memory octal address into it s hexadecimal equivalent This statement is useful for look up tables and other types of calculated PLC memory accesses Assume an operator provides the starting V Memory address of a look up table This value is 1400 The equivalent hexadecimal address is STRADDR VAL 0 OCTHEX 1400 1 H The
4. READY gt STRING 4456 44 STATEMENTS SYSTEM Miscellaneous Function Read and set system information Syntax SYSTEM code expr var SYSTEM code Usage The SYSTEM command is used to access various system data which can be accessed using a BASIC Statement or Command The system codes below are supported in all modules Refer to the module specific user s manual for additional system codes unique to that module CODE DESCRIPTION 0 Address of start of user 0 1 Re Print last error message in command mode Return line number of last error in run mode 2 If true then add CRC 16 error check characters to PRINT statements and check CRC 16 on strings INPUT COMERRn is true if the INPUT error check fails 3 If true output CRC 16 LSB first If false output CRC 16 MSB first 4 TIMEr millisecond value was DBY 71 5 ERRCHK value 6 Address of first free memory location in bank 1 This is the location of the first byte after the end of the saved programs 7 Selects Port 1 for the programming port if expr evaluates to O If expr is 1 then Port 2 becomes the programming port This is the run time equivalent to COMMAND 8 Returns the next line number in the BASIC program If SYSTEM 8 is on the last line of the program it returns 0 See the GO PROGRAM statement STATEMENTS 4 99 TAB Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Special 4 100 Used in PRINT statement to specify print position
5. RESTORE instruction was not executed the message ERROR NO DATA IN LINE XXX will be generated ERROR MESSAGES 7 3 NOT ENOUGH FREE SPACE The NOT ENOUGH FREE SPACE message is generated after a SAVE COMMAND when the length of the currently selected program usually program 0 in the edit buffer exceeds the number of bytes remaining in the stored program memory space The number of stored programs and the number of bytes remaining is displayed following reset when AUTOSTART is in edit mode mode 0 or 3 The free program storage space available can also be determined by entering a DELPRM command for a program which does not exist To determine length of the program being saved use LOF Example gt DELPRM 5 4 stored programs 6381 bytes free gt P LOF 7673 PROGRAM ACCESS Attempting to select a stored program which does not exist will generate the PROGRAM ACCESS error message The number of the last stored program is displayed following a reset when AUTOSTART is in edit mode mode 0 or 3 STRING TOO LONG The STRING TOO LONG message is generated when an attempt is made to create a string longer than the maximum string length defined by the STRING statement Use STRING to allocate memory for longer strings or break the string up into segments UNABLE TO VERIFY If an error occurs while a program is being SAVEd an UNABLE TO VERIFY error will be generated 7 4 ERROR MESSAGES CHAPTER 8 ADVANCED FLOATING POINT STORAGE FORMA
6. ener eren t ion a 7 4 GHAPTER 8 ADVANCED oce RR ERR MEE ER ERERRREREREERERERERMEREREEEEXI 8 1 FLOATING POINT STORAGE FORMAT 00 00 eee rr 8 1 NON DIMENSIONED VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT 8 2 DIMENSIONED VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT 8 3 STRING VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT 8 4 COMMUNICATIONS WITH AUTOMATIC CRC 16 8 5 CRE Operatlony x ced ede ek ee t RR RE ee sn ee en She I RM M EE 8 5 Transmitting WIth i ORG e RR SSG eS ee 8 5 Receiving Witt GARG n sa t e ee RS 8 5 ien e io e E re inte N 8 5 Examining the CRC 16 8 6 CROCG De mo Program 432 os ee ee ee 8 6 APPENDIX A STACKING THE DECK hrs 9 1 PLACING THE BASIC MODULE INTO 9 1 APPENDIX B RESERVED WORDS a e a tees 10 1 Reserved Words E 10 1 Reserved Symbols tt m eR ey ER 10 1 APPENDIX CEASGILTABEES ws ES eee 11 1 CONTROL CHARACTER TABLE 11 1 ASCII CONVERSION TABLE 2
7. Code to send to the PLC CPU 2300 ERROR BAD ARGUMENT IN LINE 30 30 DUMMY TRANSFER CODE raand auae X READY Code to send to the PLC CPU 255 STATEMENTS LOF Memory Management Function Syntax Usage Example Returns the size of the currently selected program LOF LOF tells the user how many bytes of memory the currently selected program occupies LOF can be used in both the RUN and COMMAND modes LOF can be used to compare the size of the program being edited with the available free space in the program storage file LOF can be used to determine the number of bytes of RAM memory that is available for string and numerical variable storage LOF does not account for the number of bytes of memory currently used for strings and numerical storage gt PRM 0 gt 32767 LOF 1279 28345 READY gt 32767 Top of data memory 1279 Data memory used by the interpreter STATEMENTS 4 59 LOG Mathematical Operator Function Returns the natural logarithm of expression Syntax LOG expression Usage Returns the natural logarithm of expression expression must be greater than 0 This calculation is carried out to 7 significant digits Example PRINT LOG 12 PRINT LOG EXP 1 2 484906 1 4 60 STATEMENTS MID String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example MID returns an m character string beginning with the nth character string variable MID string expression n m LE
8. FACTS Extended BASIC Reference Manual Order Number FA BASIC M TRADEMARKS TMAutomationdirect com is a Trademark of Automationdirect com TMCoProcessor is a Trademark of FACTS Engineering Inc COPYRIGHT Copyright 1994 FACTS Engineering Inc 8049 Photonics Dr New Port Richey Florida 34655 World rights reserved No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system transmitted or reproduced in any way including but not limited to photocopy photograph magnetic or other recording media without the prior agreement and written permission of FACTS Engineering Inc Last Issued Date August 1995 Current Issued Date August 1999 WARNING Thank you for purchasing automation equipment from FACTS Engineering We want your new FACTS Engineering automation equipment to operate safely Anyone who installs or uses this equipment should read this publication and any other relevant publications before installing or operating the equipment To minimize the risk of potential safety problems you should follow all applicable local and national codes that regulate the installation and operation of your equipment These codes vary from area to area and usually change with time It is your responsibility to determine which codes should be followed and to verify that the equipment installation and operation is in compliance with the latest revision of these codes At a minimum you should follow al
9. INPLEN INPUT port number identifies the serial communication port either 1 or 2 character count is a variable which contains the number of characters in the specified communication port type a head input buffer If the 255 character type a head buffer is filled all additional characters except for Control C and XON XOFF Control Q Control S are ignored and character count will continue to return 255 Setting INLEN port number to zero clears the input buffer 10 REM Wait for 10 characters in the input 11 REM buffer 20 IF INLEN lt 10 THEN GOTO 20 30 INPUT2 0 40 IF INSTR 0 RA1 1 THEN GOTO 100 50 REM Transmission not for this remote address 60 INLEN2 0 REM Flush input buffer 70 GOTO 20 100 REM Process rest of input buffer STATEMENTS INPLEN Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Returns the number of characters INPUT character count INPLEN INLEN INPUT INPLEN returns the number of characters received by the last INPUT statement executed INPLEN is only slightly faster then LEN 1 msec INPLEN is useful when INPUTing strings of 8 bit ASCII characters or binary data which may include an ASCII 13 LEN will stop counting characters when it encounters a carriage return character ASCII 13 10 STRING 2551 254 REM 10 254 char strings 20 INPUT 0 30 IF INPLEN 2 THEN PRINT1 INPLEN gt RUN STRING LENGTH 17 10 INPUTA 20 PRINT1 INPLEN REM Print length of last INPU
10. Message for all stations GOTO 1030 REM Loop REM Wait for response from slaves SETINPUT 1 1 0 254 200 11 9 600 INPUT1 0 IF INPLEN 0 THEN PRINT2 No Answer station STA RETURN IF ASC 0 2 6 THEN GOTO 1162 ELSE GOTO 1170 PRINT2 FROM SLAVE ASC 0 3 RETURN Advanced Using mask to define groups of slave station addresses Automatic Address Recognition AAR reduces the CPU time required to service serial communications Since the CPU is only interrupted when it receives its own address the software overhead to compare addresses is eliminated Once AAR is enabled by the SETPORT statement the 9th bit of the first byte of each PRINT statement is set This byte is the address of the target slave The 9th bit is cleared for the remaining characters in the PRINT statement When target slave receives a matching address byte that byte and all subsequent bytes are loaded into the type a head input buffer Upon completion of an INPUT statement the slave automatically returns to the hardware AAR mode Execution of an INLEN1 0 statement will also clear the input buffer and block further data reception until another matching address byte is received The master can communicate with all slaves by using the Broadcast Address 255 The master can selectively communicate with groups of slaves using a Group Address A slaves individual address is specified by remote address The optional mask byte defines don t care bit pos
11. PICK SYSTEM 5 L 325 PRINT1 Character gt CHR PICK SYSTEM 5 L 330 PRINT1 PRINTI 340 RETURN 8 6 ADVANCED APPENDIX A STACKING THE DECK PLACING THE BASIC MODULE INTO SERVICE After the programming and fine tuning cycle has been completed some call this debug the module is ready to be put into long term service The following steps are recommended to provide the maximum reliability as required in most industrial applications These steps will help prevent undesirable operation due to an error not trapped in the program uncontrollable outside forces such as electrostatic discharge or due to an extremely out of tolerance operating environment 1 2 3 4 Make a back up copy of the program s Disable Ctrl C break by adding a BREAK 0 statement to the program s Force program execution by adding a LOCKOUT NOT 0 statement to the program Enter the appropriate AUTOSTART command To stop program execution for further editing see the BREAK statement Also LOCKOUT can be disabled and BREAK can be enabled under software control See the END statement description for an example 9 1 9 2 STACKING THE DECK APPENDIX B RESERVED WORDS The following is an alphabetical list of all of the words reserved for use by the FACTS Extended BASIC interpreter Although not all of the key words listed are used in the ASCII BASIC module instruction set variables may not CONTAIN any of the words show
12. 305 BASIC modules Power cycle occurs User types the RESET command at the command prompt 305 CPU goes to run mode Note The 305 64K User Memory BASIC Module cannot be accessed until the 305 CPU is in RUN mode The 305 128K User Memory modules can be selected by jumper placement to reset when the 305 CPU goes to program mode 305 CPU BASIC modules 405 CoProcessor modules and 205 CoProcessor modules Power cycle occurs User types the RESET command at the command prompt In rare instances a reset may also be generated by the on board watch dog timer When a reset occurs the interpreter checks the current autostart mode The autostart mode determines what the interpreter will do See AUTOSTART for a detailed description Based on the current autostart parameters the interpreter will wait for a space bar character on the command port run a specified program or print the power up message out of the command port and give a command prompt GENERAL MEMORY USAGE All FACTS BASIC modules 305 BASIC 305 CPU BASIC 405 CoProcessor 205 CoProcessor have the same general memory layout The memory layout consists of data memory and program memory Typically programs are debugged in data memory and then backed up to and run out of program memory Programs can also be backed up to disk using the included ABM Commander Plus programming and documentation software on an IBM compatible PC Data memory and program memory are both battery backed
13. SETPORT 2 9600 N 8 1 STRING 2551 254 DIM WT 100 SETINPUT 1 1 0 0 100 10 Y 1 REM Write a 1 to every register FOR l 1 TO 50 WT I Y NEXT REM Send an Enquire message to the 335 CPU PRINT2 CHR 78 CHR 21H CHR 5 INPUT2 1 REM Get Enquire Ack 0 CHR 1 01810041003200 CHR 17H REM Build header ERRCHK 0 2 14 1 REM Calculate header LRC ASC 0 17 DBY 25 REM Add LRC to the header string PRINT2 USING 17 0 REM Send the header out port 2 INPUT2 1 IF ASC 1 1 lt gt 6 THEN GOTO 190 REM Build the Write data string 0 CHR 2 FOR POS 2 TO 51 ASC 0 POS WT POS 1 NEXT POS ASC 0 POS 3 ERRCHK 0 2 K 50 1 REM Calculate LRC for write data ASC 0 POS 1 DBY 25 PRINT2 USING 53 0 INPUT2 1 IF ASC 1 1 6 THEN Y Y 1 REM Bump reg if resp is ack GOTO 220 STATEMENTS 4 31 Advanced Cyclic Redundancy Check is the most reliable of the three error checking methods Normally the built in CRC 16 capabilities are used for communications This is described in the ADVANCED Chapter of the FACTS Extended BASIC Reference Manual ERRCHK type CRC is useful for verifying program and data memory integrity ERRCHK is also used to perform a CRC 16 calculation on a portion of a string after it has been INPUT Example The following example searches a string for a start of message character ERRCHK is 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 43
14. from the routine If this is not done then BASIC will IDLE until reset If necessary IDLE can be used to decrease interrupt response time STATEMENTS 4 41 IF THEN ELSE Flow Control Function Syntax Usage Example 4 42 Conditional execution of statements IF relational expression THEN statement s ELSE statement s If relational expression does not equal zero TRUE the statement s following THEN are executed If relational expression is zero FALSE then the statement s following ELSE are executed If ELSE is omitted execution continues with the next program line Multiple statement s separated by a colon may be executed after the THEN IF TRUE or after ELSE IF FALSE gt 10 INPUT1 A gt 20 IF A lt 2 PRINT1 FIN GOTO 30 ELSE GOTO 22 gt 22 PRINT1 A 2 SPC 2 A A 2 GOTO 20 gt 30 END gt RUN 28 4 2 FIN The GOTO keyword is optional when used immediately after THEN or ELSE gt 10 IF B B gt C THEN GOTO 50 ELSE GOTO 100 gt 10 IF gt THEN 50 ELSE 100 The THEN keyword can be replaced by any valid BASIC statement The following examples yield the same result gt 10 IF 1 2 THEN 50 ELSE gt 10 IF l 2 GOTO 50 ELSE PRINT1 gt 10 IF 1 2 THEN GOTO 50 ELSE PRINT1 STATEMENTS INKEYS String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Inputs a single character without echoing from the port input buffer string variable INKEY port INPUT
15. ine number where execution will continue If expression evaluates to zero then execution continues at the program line specified by the first line number in the list If the value of expression is greater than or equal to the number of ine numbers in the list then the BAD SYNTAX error message will be generated 05 REM Display messages on single line display 10 FORI 1TO4 15 PRINT2 0 REM Clear display and scroll 20 ONI 0 GOTO 100 110 120 130 30 NEXTI 40 END 100 PRINT2 Caution 105 DELAY 2 GOTO 30 110 PRINT2 Machine Automatic Cycle Starting Now 115 DELAY 4 GOTO 30 120 PRINT2 Processing beginning on Model 1 125 DELAY 3 LEN 1 10 GOTO 30 130 PRINT2 Depress RESET push button to cancel 140 DELAY 3 5 GOTO 30 STATEMENTS 4 65 ONERR Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 66 Specify program line to go to if an arithmetic error occurs ONERR ine number SYSTEM If an arithmetic error occurs after the ONERR statement is executed BASIC will pass control to the program ine number specified in the last ONERR statement The ONERR statement only traps arithmetic errors The user may examine data memory location BYTE 257 101H in an error handling routine to determine which error condition occurred ONERR Code Table Error Condition DIVIDE BY ZERO ARITH OVERFLOW ARITH UNDERFLOW BAD ARGUMENT gt 10 ONERR 100 1 4 gt 20 PRINT1 10071 gt 30 1 1 2
16. 1 gt 60 RETURN gt RUN 112439416525 STATEMENTS 4 79 REVERSE String Operator Function REVERSES returns a n character string beginning with the last character Syntax string variable REVERSE string expression n See Also LEFT MID RIGHT Usage nis an expression and specifies the number of characters of string expression to be assigned to string variable n must be in the range 0 to 254 REVERSEG returns a string consisting of the last through the nth character of its string expression f n is greater than or equal to the length of string expression then all of string expression is returned If nis 0 then REVERSES returns the null string REVERSE allows you to reverse the order of all or part of a string in a single statement Example gt PRINT1 REVERSE SDRAWKCAB 20 BACKWARDS gt PRINT1 REVERSE N20G45 2 54 4 80 STATEMENTS RIGHTS String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example RIGHTS returns a string starting with the nth character from the last character string variable RIGHT string expression n LEFT MID REVERSE nis an expression and specifies the number of characters of string expression to be assigned to string variable n must be in the range 0 to 254 RIGHT returns a string consisting of the nth through last character of its string expression f n is greater than or equal to the length of string expression then all of string expression is returned If nis 0 th
17. 1 pin 5 is connected to a hardware handshaking output line of an external device For instance this could be the RTS or DTR output of a DTE device Prevent over flowing the external devices input buffer 1000 IF NOT DSR2 THEN RETURN 1010 REM Device at port 2 is ready for more data 1020 PRINT2 STATEMENTS Miscellaneous Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Control output of hardware handshaking line DTRn expr var DTRn DSR SETPORT n specifies the serial port either 1 or 2 expr when equal to zero turns the RTS line for the specified port OFF otherwise it is turned ON var returns the current state of the RTS line either TRUE all ones or FALSE zero DTR2 is used with the on board modem to force it immediately into the command state even if it was on line User program control of this pin permits changing ports without hanging up the phone or losing communication DTR2 must be true to enable the modem DTR2 1 When hardware handshaking is enabled by the SETPORT statement modem RTS CTS protocol automatically controls the PRINT statement With hardware handshaking disabled custom handshaking can be implemented with DTR Modem at port 2 gt Turn OFF for PORT 2 to force modem off line gt DTR2 0 gt REM Turn ON DTR for PORT 2 to enable modem gt DTR2 1 The RTS output line at port 1 is connected to a hardware handshaking input line of an ex
18. 6 1 REEATIONAL OPERATORS lt i a See ee e ees 6 2 Table of Relational 5 6 2 CHAPTER 7 ERROR MESSAGES 7 1 ARGUMENT STACK OVERFLOW 7 1 ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW 0 000 hh 7 1 ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW hrs 7 1 ARRAY SIZE SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE 7 2 BAD ARGUMENT ios erehHOREEFREPDEERRPSEDBEBDDSODSERRBSEDSEPESFEDMORODPS 7 2 BAD SYNTAX 4 ecenesebenesnibf be CeervpSpSODEEYSP PSCEYER SPETER SYEEPeDPS 7 2 CAN T CONT NUE Serie ti bi ect E RE EFE ops A REPE NS 7 2 CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW sssseeee rh 7 2 CORRUPTED PROGRAM ENCOUNTERED 7 3 DIVID ENB Y ZERO et TUUS oS ur e 7 8 EXPRESSION TOO COMPLEX RD RR RE RR MERERI RR E ERERS 7 3 INVALID EINE NUMBER 5 i i 7 8 MEMORY ALEOGATIGB ettet tt RUE RE ERE REFERRE 7 3 Ssmo uut te ee ede ete ede ee ede eMe ede Te 7 8 NOT ENOUGEHIEREE SPACES re ettet Eee 7 4 PROGRAM ACCES Soi ese eget tat hee e rtt 7 4 SE ING TOO REO IN Coes 7 4 ens eene oerte
19. BASIC commands without line numbers at the beginning of the text file to download As the file is downloaded the module will execute the commands See the example below Example NEW REM Clear Program 0 DELPRM1 REM Delete Program 1 AUTOSTART 2 1 REM Set the AUTOSTART Mode STRING 8001 79 REM Allocate String Storage DIM REG 128 REM Dimension an Array 10 REM Program Start Strings Since mode 2 does not clear the variable tables strings should be allocated explicitly with the command mode statement STRING To allocate memory for strings simply enter a STRING command as shown in the examples below or include the STRING command without a line number at the beginning of the text file containing the program to download If the variable tables are subsequently cleared then a STRING command must be entered again The variable tables will be cleared by Executing a RUN or NEW command or executing the CLEAR MTOP or STRING statements Example gt STRING 2551 254 Allocate memory for 10 strings each with a maximum length of 254 characters gt STRING 8001 79 Allocate memory for 100 strings 79 characters maximum each string Arrays Since mode 2 does not clear the variable tables arrays should be DIMensioned explicitly with the command mode statement Using a DIM statement in a program with mode 2 selected will generate an error If the variable tables are subsequently cleared then a DIM command must be entered again The variable tables
20. INKEY removes the first character in the input buffer specified by port and assigns it to string variable INKEY returns a carriage return ASCII 13 if the input buffer is empty INLENport 0 To distinguish between an empty buffer and an actual carriage return character simply assure that there are characters waiting in the input buffer before executing INKEY INLENport can be used to check for characters waiting in the buffer 1000 REM INKEY example 1010 REM Port 1 TXD looped back to RXD 1015 REM 1020 SETPORT 1 9600 N 8 1 S M 1022 REM 1025 REM Adda comma at end of PRINT statement to 1026 REM suppress CR LF 1027 REM CRLF not suppressed in this example 1028 REM 1030 PRINT1 CHR 0 CHR 13 a CHR 13 CHR 0 b 1040 PRINT2 INLEN1 characters in input buffer 1050 FOR l 1 TO INLEN1 1060 I INKEY 1 1070 IF ASC I 1 20 THEN PRINT2 Null 1 GOTO 1090 1080 IF ASC I 1 13 THEN PRINT2 CRz I GOTO 1090 1082 IF ASC I 1 210 THEN PRINT2 LFz I GOTO 1090 1085 PRINT2 1 l 1090 NEXT PRM 0 READY gt RUN 8 characters in input buffer Null 1 CR 2 a 3 CR 4 Null 5 b 6 CR 7 LF 8 PRM 0 READY gt STATEMENTS 4 43 INLEN Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 44 INLEN function returns number of characters waiting in an input buffer INLEN statement clears the specified type a head input buffer character count INLEN port number INLEN port number 0
21. If wait for first is 0 then the INPUT statement will wait indefinitely for a character This is the default wait for last is an integer expression 0 to 65535 which specifies the maximum time in milliseconds that the INPUT statement will wait for receipt of each character subsequent to receiving the first If another character is not received within the specified time then BASIC will resume execution with the statement following the INPUT statement If wait for last is 0 then the INPUT statement will not time out This is the default STATEMENTS 4 83 1 2 3 4 4 84 REM _ Don t echo characters INPUT SETINPUT 1 REM Always INPUT 3 characters SETINPUT 0 0 0 3 TERM 61 REM _ Set the INPUT terminating REM character to WAIT1 3000 REM Time out if no INPUT in 3 secs WAIT2 100 REM Time out if no more INPUT in REM 1 seconds SETINPUT 1 0 TERM 79 WAIT1 WAIT2 REM INPUT one char without echoing within 60 secs SETINPUT 1 0 0 1 60000 INPUT2 Press any key to continue 0 STATEMENTS SETPORT Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Configure a communications port SETPORT port baud parity data bits stop bits handshake multidrop INPUT SETINPUT SETPORT specifies the baud rate framing and flow control for a serial port When SETPORT is entered with no arguments a message reminding the user of the SETPORT syntax and optio
22. Numbers 1 2 2 6 Integer numbers range from 0 to 65535 OFFFFH Integer numbers may be input and output using two different notations A Decimal Integer 127 B Hexadecimal Integer 0A53H Integers which are represented in hexadecimal format must begin with a valid digit so that they can be distinguished from variables is entered OAOH When BASIC logical operators such as OR require an integer BASIC will truncate the fractional part of the number leaving the integer portion for the operation Integers require six bytes of memory for storage GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC Operators 1 Operators perform a pre defined function Operators such as RND and LOF return a number and do not require an argument Operators such as SIN and ABS require an argument on which the operation is performed Some operators which require two arguments in order to perform the operation are AND add Subtract and equal 2 Operators are distinguished by their type The two general types of operators are A Mathematical B Logical and Relational Variables L A variable must start with a letter and may contain up to 79 characters or numbers including the underline character Valid variables are SOL 1 RELAY10 INP103 REG410 NOTE Only the number of characters in the variable name and the first and last characters are significant in uniquely identifying the variable TMRACCUMM1 TMRPRESET1 since both vari
23. PRINT TAB expression PRINT CR SPC USING Line Column TAB specifies which position to begin printing the next item in the PRINT statement list The value of expression should be less than 256 If the cursor current print position is beyond the specified TAB position TAB is ignored and printing begins at the cursor gt 10 PRINT TAB 4 TEMPERATURE TAB 19 PRESSURE gt RUN TEMPERATURE PRESSURE READY gt 10 STRING 8001 79 gt 20 FOR 1 1 TO 3 gt 30 INPUT 1 gt 40 NEXT gt 50 FOR 1 1 TO 3 gt 60 PRINT1 TAB I 3 I 3 1 gt 70 NEXT gt RUN A CDE GHIJK 3A 6CDE9GHIJK third TAB ignored denotes TAB position not printed The current cursor position for purposes of TAB is determined by counting the number of characters PRINTed since the last carriage return When sending escape sequences to an operator interface terminal problems can be avoided by using SPC instead of TAB to position output TAB can be used with the built in ANSI screen cursor positioning function line column The current cursor position is not port specific To prevent TAB problems PRINT a carriage return to reset the current cursor position to zero before beginning to PRINT TABed output at a different port STATEMENTS Mathematical Operator Function Returns the tangent of expression Syntax TAN expression Usage Returns the tangent of expression expression is in radians Calculations are carried out to
24. PRINT statement is included in the calculation By default BASIC then adds the two CRC 16 characters most significant byte MSB first and least significant byte LSB last to the end of the transmission The order in which the CRC 16 characters are added at the end of the transmission can be selected by the user s program as shown below 10 SYSTEM 3 0 REM Tx MSB first LSB last 10 SYSTEM 3 ENOT 0 REM Tx LSB first MSB last Receiving with CRC When the CRC function is enabled BASIC calculates two CRC 16 characters for each INPUT statement Every character received by any one INPUT statement is included in the calculation By default BASIC then looks at the last two characters INPUT for the two CRC 16 characters MSB first and LSB last BASIC looks for the CRC 16 characters is the same order in which BASIC would transmit the characters If the characters don t match a communication error has occurred BASIC sets the communication error flag COMERR to all 1s following a CRC error If the correct CRC 16 characters are received BASIC sets COMERR to 0 Initial Remainder The initial remainder starting CRC characters is all 1s after a reset The initial remainder may be changed by the user s program as shown below 10 WORD 132H 0 REM Change initial remainder to all Os 10 WORD 132H OFFFFH REM Change initial remainder to all 1s ADVANCED 8 5 Examining the CRC 16 Characters For debugging purposes the last two CRC 16 chara
25. e e cete e Me a cete tere aes 2 9 CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMMANDS sss 3 1 AU TOEN T o sss edocet E ee 3 2 AUTOSTART x 3 3 AUTOSTART Reset Mode Table 3 3 Retaining Variables in the Absence of Power 3 5 LE CLE 3 6 CONT oe nee me uo code c MeL ete rere toe ct 3 7 DEIR RM I E 3 8 EDD zone nette nete ede ete tete eee re dee te eee 3 9 arces ee RE E Du Ie DUE UE ce mU Ie EL TUER UE e is 3 10 IE Seas Shee ete cte dee ie ite tede tete ete ete ete ee e 3 11 NEW rue Ele Due E e mE Ie TUE Ie EE DR UE Ie EUER UEM TUE De ieee 3 12 PROGRAM etree ete sedie iere eMe rete rete te ete ee eMe 3 13 PRM Ken ce e E e Ee Du Ie Due DUE Re Ri TUE e UE De E EDT 3 13 Meroe Meroe eee rete ee ree tete ete er Nee eMe ers 3 14 RESET ue Ee E Du Ie a UE Ie mU Ie ED TUE De UE De arm 3 15 DEIN ate atte eMe ete ee 3 16 SAVE meom utter macer c Me c Me Me oe e ce iore itor Teg te eA 3 17 CHAPTER 4 STATEMENTS uere MERE 4 1 ABS Mathematical Operator 4 2 Operators mao eve tee tue tese ecu 4 3 Mathematical Operator 4 4 Biivand Bi
26. eee eee eene 4 53 LEN String Operator eue eue res Bain eit Bain ret Bette e e See ney 4 54 EET Miscelaneos Cisco Mrs esha ce teur tele tefie ele 4 55 LOADQ or LD Advanced 4 56 LOCKOUT Flow Controls Pe REPE Pee 4 58 LOF Memory Management 4 59 LOG Mathematical 4 60 MID String Operator ceste eie ei eR EPIRI DERE IER YYS 4 61 MTOP Advanced 4 62 OG TEEXS 5 ke ie a et ie ie 4 63 ON GOSUB Flow Control c fas ov ee ee eS ee 4 64 ON GOTO Flow Controll sy trei ais Se e Ee es ee 4 65 ONERR low Control 1s rs Eon fete eRe Stet Re ul see Rated hate ute terere 4 66 ONPOBTs Interrupt 45565 hee tet rr rete te tetti eiue 4 67 ONTIME interrupt ce ah artus et te 4 68 Interrupt Priority ONPORT ONTIME 4 69 PHO and PH1 Input Output e e ien a a a a nh 4 70 i A E ete ee Et ete Ire e ett tete Tee Moreen 4 71 POP Advanced Operator IV IRI RIDERE ee et 4 72 PRINT Input GUILDE tithe Sate Eo ete Yee fete eie ee eie tee EE 4 73 PUSH Advanced Operator 4 74 READ M t OUIDUT t Este ee ete ete rette eue
27. gt 40 20 gt 100 IF BYTE gt 110 IF BYTE gt 120 IF BYTE gt 130 IF BYTE gt 140 END gt RUN 25 50 DIVIDE BY ZERO ERROR 10 THEN PRINT1 DIVIDE BY ZERO ERROR 20 THEN PRINT1 ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW 30 THEN PRINT1 ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW 40 THEN PRINT1 BAD ARGUMENT ERROR 257 257 257 257 am aren Geis YS Vw STATEMENTS ONPORT Interrupt Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Specifies the beginning line number for serial port event handling ONPORT1 line number IDLE RETI ONPORT enables interruption of normal BASIC program flow following reception of a character at the serial port specified by n line number is the beginning program line for the ONPORT interrupt handling subroutine The ONPORT statement will enable only a single BASIC program interrupt to occur Future events on the specified serial port are not trapped interrupt enabled until another ONPORT statement is executed Therefore another ONPORT statement would normally be included in the interrupt subroutine if serial port event trapping is to continue A line number of to will disable the specified ONPORT interrupt An ONPORT enabled interrupt causes program execution to continue at ine number following completion of the current statement NOTE ONPORT does not wait for the completion of the DELAY or IDLE statements before passing control to the ONPORT interrupt routine After a RETI statement is executed in the inter
28. is ignored on received characters and 0 on transmitted characters A Enables the Automatic Address Recognition AAR function remote address is an expression ranging from 0 to 255 which specifies the remote or slave station address of the module mask is optional If mask is not specified then the module will only receive data following receipt of the remote address byte or the Broadcast Address byte 255 Zeros in the mask byte define don t care bit positions in the remote address byte to enable the module to receive data for a group of addresses Enabling the AAR function forces an 11 bit data frame with an 8 bit word and 1 stop bit The 9th parity bit is used to distinguish between address and data bytes The hardware on the ASCII BASIC Module checks the 9th parity bit If itis a 1 then the address byte received is compared to remote address optionally modified with mask Note that this address comparison occurs in hardware not software If there is a match then the address byte and subsequent data bytes are loaded into the type a head input buffer data bits specifies the number of data bits and must be 7 or 8 Receive parity is ignored at Port 2 and Port 3 for 8 bit words stop bits specifies the number of stop bits and must be 1 or 2 Note that 7 data bits and 2 stop bits is the same as 7 data bits mark parity and 1 stop bit Likewise 8 data bits and 2 stop bits is the same as 8 data bits mark parity and 1 stop bit handshake is a si
29. not all variables are created equal A It takes BASIC somewhat longer to process dimensional variables than it does to process variables that involve only characters See APPENDIX D BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION SPEED B It takes BASIC longer to process variables with many characters than it does to process variables that involve only a single character See APPENDIX D BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION SPEED Although not typical of many BASIC s variable names may not contain any of the key words which constitute the BASIC instruction set The variables BEND and LETOFF could not be used since they contain the key words END and LET APPENDIX B RESERVED WORDS lists all the reserved words which may not be used as part of a variable name As a general rule variable names without vowels will be ok since most key words contain at least one vowel Exceptions to this are the key words CHR CR DTR RND SGN and SQR GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC Expressions 1 Mathematical Expressions A mathematical expression is a formula which evaluates to a number An expression may involve operators numbers and variables An expression may simply be a number or a variable or it may be complex such as B SQR B 2 4 A C 2 A Relational Expressions A relational expression is a logical expression which tests the relationship between two operands Relational expressions involve the use of equal lt gt not equal gt greater than less tha
30. of string variables which are stored at the top of data storage bank 1 COPY is used to store and retrieve the string variable tables This is useful when more that 254 string variables are required or when the amount of memory allocated for strings needs to be reduced SWAPPING STRING VARIABLES USED TO EXTEND THE NUMBER OF STRING VARIABLES TO SAVE MEMORY STRINGS MAY BE DEFINED LITERALLY DURING THE PROGRAM DOWNLOAD PROCESS AND SAVED IN NON VOLATILE MEMORY USING COPY STATEMENTS 4 15 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1265 1270 1280 1290 1300 1310 1320 1330 1340 1350 1360 1365 1370 1380 1390 1400 1410 1415 1420 1430 1440 4 16 REM Allocate memory for 10 254 character strings STRING 2551 254 REM Number of bytes in a bank of memory BANK 65535 REM Total number of bytes of string storage space SIZE MTOP WORD 104H REM Start of string storage space TBL 0 WORD 104H REM Starting location of string table 1 at end of bank 1 TBL 1 BANK 2 1 SIZE REM Starting location of string table 2 at end of bank 1 TBL 2 BANK 2 1 SIZE 2 REM BUILD TEST STRING ARRAY TABLE 1 FOR l 0 TO 9 FOR J 1 TO 254 ASC I J 21 48 NEXT J PRINT2 1 NEXT I REM SAVE STRING TABLE 1 COPY TBL 0 K SIZE TBL 1 REM BUILD TEST STRING ARRAY TABLE 2 FOR l 0 TO 9 FOR J 1 TO 254 ASC 1 J 14 65 NEXT J PRINT2 1 NEXT REM SAVE STRIN
31. plus 26 times the number of characters in the variable name greater than 2 67 4 26 4 2 119 80H Floating point exponent 0 Sign bit 0 Least Significant Two BCD digits 50H Next Least Significant Two BCD digits 34H Next Most Significant Two BCD digits 12H Most Significant Two BCD digits ADVANCED DIMENSIONED VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT Dimensioned variables require 8 bytes of memory for storage The following example shows how the variable ARRAY 2 would be stored Example Location 32766 32765 32764 32763 32762 gt STRING 0 0 gt ARRAY 2 12 8 gt P WORD 104H 32767 Value Description 217 ASCII value for the last character used to define array variable name plus 128 In this example the ASCII value for the character Y 89 128 217 143 ASCII value for the first character used to define a variable plus 26 times the number of characters in the variable name greater than 2 65 26 5 2 143 11 Maximum number of elements in the dimensioned variable By default this is 11 ARRAY 0 through ARRAY 10 6 Least significant byte of the base address for ARRAY 4 Most significant byte of the base address for ARRAY ADVANCED 8 3 STRING VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT The STRING statement defines the maximum string length and the memory allocated for string storage STRING 2551 254 allocates memory for 10 254 character strings 10 2544 1 1 2551 String variables are stored from WORD 104H
32. points to the numbers gt 120 LD MEM gt 130 POP NUM gt 140 PRINT1 NUM gt 150 NEXT MEM gt RUN 907 701 3256 3 925 E 10 STATEMENTS 4 57 LOCKOUT Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 58 Force program execution LOCKOUT true or false BREAK true or false is an expression which when equal to 0 disables LOCKOUT If true or false is non zero then BASIC will not return to the command mode If a Ctrl C is entered an END or STOP statement is executed or an error is generated then BASIC will restart the module based on the currently stored AUTOSTART parameters LOCKOUT is used to provide program and variable data security by preventing access to unauthorized personnel If LOCKOUT is enabled then command mode can only be returned to by removing the module and moving the CLR ALL AUTO jumper on the board to the position that disables the AUTOSTART function and clears all data memory after a reset See the module specific user s manual LOCKOUT could also be enabled and disabled in the program with a password as shown in the example for the END statement LOCKOUT is also used to safely recover from BASIC program anomalies and unexpected input conditions or external events 05 REM Recover from an un trapped error condition 10 LOCKOUT NOT 0 REM Force program execution 20 INPUT1 Code to send to the PLC CPU CODE 30 DUMMY TRANSFER CODE 40 LOCKOUT 20 REM Disable LOCKOUT gt RUN
33. then the single step trace prompt To trace the next line and stop press the Space Bar To display the single step trace control keys press H The single step trace control keys are SPACE BAR Single Step same as TRACE 2 CONT 0 STOP same as TRACE 0 1 Non Stop same as TRACE 1 CONT 2 CONT same as TRACE 0 CONT Before entering a line number at the trace prompt turn trace OFF by pressing 0 ABM Commander Plus Versions 4 11 and higher automatically turn off the single step trace mode whenever you edit a listing Any BASIC statement or COMMAND may be entered at the single step trace prompt Typical usage is to PRINT or assign new values to variables Optionally you may specify the program line number to begin tracing If line number is omitted then tracing begins at the current line Specifying a line number to begin single step tracing eliminates the need to edit the program to insert STOP statements Use the TRACE 2 ine number statement at the single step trace prompt to resume full speed execution until line number is reached STATEMENTS Example Enter a TRACE command or place TRACE statements in the program to turn the debugging feature ON and OFF as required 10 FOR l 1 TO 10 12 IF I24 AND Ix7 THEN TRACE 1 ELSE TRACE 0 15 J4l 2 20 NEXT 25 TRACE 1 30 GOTO 100 40 PRINTI THIS LINE NEVER IS EXECUTED 100 GOSUB 1000 120 END 1000 A 9999 PRINT1 PRINT STATEMENT A 3 1010 R
34. will be cleared by Executing a RUN or NEW command or executing the CLEAR MTOP or STRING statements Example DIM REG 254 INP 64 OUT 32 SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 5 COMMAND Function Syntax Usage Example Advanced 3 6 Selects the programming port COMMAND port port is either 1 or 2 and specifies the programming command port BASIC sends all messages to and accepts only COMMANDS from the specified port The default programming command port is typically Port 1 see the module specific user s manual to verify AUTOSTART specifies the initial baud rate for Port 1 SETPORT may be used to change the Port 1 baud rate however after a reset the AUTOSTART value is used The default baud rate for Port 2 is 9600 After a reset the baud rate specified by the last SETPORT statement will be used Port 2 does not support AUTOSTART mode 3 mode will be used if 3 is selected Use COMMAND to debug communications with an external device connected to the opposite port COMMAND can be used to get complete utilization of both ports while minimizing the need for cable swapping or the use of switch boxes Assume the program for a diagnostic shift report printer connected to Port 2 has been completed Now it is desired to operate a stepper motor controller using Port 1 To begin programming the stepper gt SETPORT 2 9600 Sets the baud rate for Port 2 gt COMMAND 2 Programming port is now Port 2 Move the programming device cable from
35. 0 4 32 then used to calculate the CRC 16 characters of the remainder of the string REM Build sample string with Start of Text char STX REM 0 0123456789 CHR 2 0 123456789 REM REM Find where the STX character is located REM POS INSTR 0 CHR 2 1 REM REM Calculate CRC 16 error code of string 0 starting REM with the number after the STX character REM ERRCHK 0 POS K 10 2 PRINT1 STRING WITH CRC gt MID 0 POS 10 PRINT1 CHR DBY 25 CHR DBY 26 STATEMENTS EXP Mathematical Operator Function Raises the number e 2 7182818 to the power of the expression Syntax EXP expression Usage Raises the number 2 7182818 to the power of the expression Example PRINT EXP 1 PRINT EXP LOG 2 2 7182818 2 STATEMENTS 4 33 FOR TO STEP NEXT Flow Control Function Syntax Usage Example 4 34 Loop with automatic up or down incrementing index FOR index starting index TO end index STEP index increment NEXT index Unlike many BASIC s the FOR TO STEP NEXT statements may be executed in both the RUN and COMMAND mode These statements permit the user to execute the program lines between the FOR and NEXT statements for a specified number of times When the FOR statement is executed the starting index value is assigned to the index variable When the NEXT statement is executed the index increment value is added to index index is then compared to the ending index value If in
36. 1 THAT S RIGHT gt 130 NEXT gt 140 PRINT1 PRINT1 THAT S ALL OF THEM gt 150 END gt 200 CLEAR S gt 210 PRINT1 YOU TOOK TOO LONG gt 220 GOTO 20 STATEMENTS 4 13 COMERR Advanced Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 14 CRC 16 error flag true or false COMERR port number If CRC 16 error checking is enabled COMERR will be true when a CRC 16 error has been detected following an INPUT1 INPUT2 or INPUTS statement COMERR is false when the calculated CRC 16 matches the two CRC 16 characters received If a parity error is encountered the character is ignored causing a CRC 16 error COMERR is turned off set to false at the start of an INPUT statement NOTE true zero false non zero See CHAPTER 8 ADVANCED STATEMENTS COPY Memory Management Function Syntax Usage Example Copy a block of ABM memory COPY starting address ending address destination address COPY starting address K number bytes destination address COPY block of ABM memory beginning at source starting address up through and including source ending address to the ABM memory beginning at destination adaress Optionally the number of bytes of memory to COPY may be specified as an expression in parenthesis following K The maximum block size which can be copied is 65535 bytes NOTE See the module specific user s manual for the memory map of the module that you are using This example creates tables
37. 11 2 APPENDIX D BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION 12 1 TIPS FOR SPEEDING UP YOUR PROGRAMS 12 2 APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF STATEMENTS AND OPERATORS 13 1 Commands Rer beret rer dr b EHE ERE RH ETE E RE 13 1 13 1 Input OUtput oensespesenscssROSPDPOBEEROSPERPEEROSPDPBEROSERPEERDUPEPBPRES 13 2 Interrupts c scewvvsvpPPPPROSPEPER ECSPPPEROSSSPRSSUDSPSPES PCPSPESSEPSPNSTPPBS 13 2 Mathematical Operators 13 2 Memory Management 13 3 13 3 xeoxeccheeeseie e Ae e 13 3 Advanced ee ee eee 13 3 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT This document describes the FACTS Extended BASIC interpreter that is used in FACTS Engineering BASIC module products This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the user s manual specific to the module that has been purchased This manual describes the commands statements and general information about the interpreter Information that is specific to a particular module such as module specifications port pinouts and module specific instructions are documented in that module s user s manual This manual contains numerous programming and application examples
38. 7 significant digits expression must be between or 200000 Example PRINT TAN 3 14 4 PRINT TAN 0 1 0 STATEMENTS 4 101 TIME Interrupt Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 102 TIME sets and retrieves the software timer value TIME expression variable TIME ONTIME SYSTEM TIME is used to retrieve or assign a value to the software timer this is different than the Real Time Battery Backed Calendar Clock TIME After a reset the software timer is enabled and the TIME operator will increment once every 5 milliseconds TIME is expressed in seconds When TIME reaches a count of 65535 995 seconds TIME returns back to a count of zero When TIME is assigned a value only the integer portion of TIME is changed If desired the fraction portion of TIME can be changed as shown below The fractional portion of TIME is separated from the integer value so that periodic ONTIME interrupts can be made without any loss in accuracy gt TIME 0 gt PRINT1 TIME 725 gt SYSTEM 4 0 gt PRINT1 TIME 0 gt SYSTEM 4 500 gt PRINT1 TIME 5 STATEMENTS TIMES String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example TIMES sets and retrieves the battery backed calendar clock time TIMES string expression string variable TIMES DATE When correctly formatted string expression sets the optional battery backed calendar clock hours in military form 0 23 minutes and seconds string express
39. 83 Store the new value for MTOP gt 30 STRING 100 10 REM Allocate memory for strings gt 40 INPUT WHAT IS YOUR NAME 1 REM Input string gt 50 l 0 DO l l1 1 gt 60 16385 1 5 1 1 REM Store ASCII codes gt 70 UNTIL ASC 1 I 13 REM End of input gt 80 BYTE 16384 1 1 gt 90 REM Store length of string to point to next free gt 91 REM memory location STATEMENTS 4 7 CALL Advanced Operator Function Syntax Usage 4 8 CALL invokes an assembly or machine language subprogram CALL adaress The CALL statement is used to call an assembly language program address is the starting memory location of the assembly language routine Assembly language routines must be located in program memory Those users that have an understanding of the architecture and assembly language of the Intel MCS 51 Micro controller family and wish to add a custom function should consult the factory for additional information and application assistance Generally all system resources and interrupts are used by BASIC Called routines should PUSH POP all internal memory locations used Most products support loading assembly or C language programs in battery backed RAM This enables adding custom functions without burning an EPROM STATEMENTS Advanced Operator Function Syntax Usage Read contents of memory address in program storage memory variable CBY address The CBY operator can be used to assign t
40. ASCII control characters lt Ctrl gt NULL ASCII 0 and lt Ctrl M gt CR ASCII 13 must be manipulated within strings These characters are used as delimiters by all of the string handling statements except ASC Therefore only the ASC function can by used to process strings with the NULL and CR characters within the string BASIC adds a carriage return character ASCII 13 to identify the end of a string gt 0 123 gt ASC 0 2 65 REM ASCII code for gt 0 1A3 gt ASC 0 3 SPC 2 CHR ASC 0 3 51 3 STATEMENTS 4 3 Mathematical Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 4 Returns the arctangent of expression ATN expression Returns the arctangent of expression The result is in radians Calculations are carried out to 7 significant digits The ATN operator returns a result between 2 3 1415926 2 and 2 PRINT ATN 3 1415926 PRINT ATN 1 1 2626272 78539804 STATEMENTS BIT and BITS Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Decode and Encode a 16 bit variable var BIT subscript BIT subscript expr var BITS BITS expr PICK BIT will normally be used to decode PLC CPU input status points or to encode PLC outputs subscript references a particular bit position 0 to 15 or S for all 16 bits PRM 0 READY gt LIST 10 REM 20 WRD 65534 REM WRD is a variable that contains a 30 BITS WRD REM 16 bit value o
41. ATE Monday 02 29 88 gt DATE 1 1 90 4 gt DATE 01 01 90 gt PRINT1 The year is 19 MID DATE LEN DATE 1 The year is 1990 gt MON_POS INSTR DATE 41 gt DAY_POS INSTR DATE 1 gt We are in month VAL MID DATE MON_POS 2 We are in month 1 STATEMENTS DBY Advanced Operator Function Write to special memory locations 8052 CPU internal memory Syntax variable DBY adaress DBY address data byte See Also SYSTEM Usage DBY is used to retrieve or assign a data byte to one of the 256 bytes of special memory within the BASIC module address must be between 0 and 255 OFFH inclusive NOTE The memory locations addressed by the DBY operator are reserved for use by the BASIC interpreter and may change with firmware revisions Where possible the equivalent SYSTEM statement should be used Summary of DBY usage MEMORY LOCATION DBY 21 DBY 23 DBY 24 DBY 25 DBY 26 DBY 27 USAGE BY BASIC Null character count set by NULL command Format of PRINT statement set by USING Destination program memory address minus one for PGM statement low byte Also DELAY time base Source information address for PGM statement low byte Also CRC 16 low byte Destination program memory address minus one for PGM statement high byte Also CRC 16 high byte Source information address for PGM statement high byte Also RTS Off Delay character count for Hardware handshaking N
42. AUTOSTART NEW LIST SAVE and DELPRM Also review the statements SETPORT SETINPUT and the user s manual specific to the module that will be used FIRST TIME USERS It is recommended that first time users begin by entering and executing the examples in the QUICK START section in Appendix A of the module specific user s manual F4 CP M F3 AB M F3 RTU M F2 CP M This section takes the user through the various steps of BASIC program development FACTS Extended BASIC is based on the MCS BASIC 52 interpreter with many feature enhancements and control oriented instructions added FACTS Extended BASIC reads interprets and executes a list of instructions that are stored in module memory This list of instructions is the user s program The program is written and loaded into memory by the user The functionality of the program is determined by the instructions contained in the program OPERATING MODES The FACTS Extended BASIC interpreter operates in two modes the direct or COMMAND mode and the interpreter or RUN mode Commands can only be entered when the module is in the COMMAND mode The BASIC Interpreter takes immediate action after a command has been entered Entering editing listing and moving programs is done in the COMMAND mode The module can be programmed to enter either mode after a reset or on power up with the AUTOSTART command 2 1 RESET A module reset occurs under the following conditions for the following module types
43. DIM statement allocates memory for numerical array variables STRING specifies the total number of bytes of data memory which will be allocated for string storage and the maximum ength of each string ength must be in the range 2 to 254 Each string requires a byte of memory for each character in the string and one additional byte overall The following formula can be used to determine the total memory needed to store a given number of strings with a particular maximum string length total length 1 number 1 Considering the amount of data memory available to the user for variable storage one way to allocate memory for string storage is to just make sure it s enough If STRING is used in the program it must be after MTOP but before the DIM statement This is because STRING first CLEARs memory up to MTOP prior to allocating the string storage space The only way to de allocate memory for string storage is with a STRING 0 0 statement NEW CLEAR and RUN erase the string variables but don t free up the memory allocated by STRING Allocate memory for 100 strings with up to 79 characters in each string gt 79 1 100 1 8001 gt 10 STRING 8001 79 If program variables and data are to be retained during loss of power AUTOSTART mode 2 RUN with no CLEAR then the STRING statement should be entered once as a command prior to running the program REM Explicitly allocate memory for 99 44 character strings gt 44 1 99 1 4456
44. E LCASEG returns a string equal to string expression except that all uppercase alphabetic characters in string expression are converted to lowercase gt 10 PRINT1 Print out year to date summary report gt 11 INPUT1 y n 0 gt 20 IF LCASE 0 y THEN GOTO 100 gt 30 PRINT1 LCASE PRINT OUT CANCELED gt 40 END gt 100 REM Print out year to date summary report gt RUN Print out year to date summary report y n N print out canceled READY gt STATEMENTS LEFT String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example LEFT returns an n character string beginning with the first character string variable LEFT string expression n MID REVERSE RIGHT nis an expression and specifies the number of characters of string expression to be assigned to string variable n must be in the range 0 to 254 LEFT returns a string consisting of the first through the nth character of string expression f nis greater than or equal to the length of string expression then all of string expression is assigned to string variable If nis 0 then LEFT returns the null string gt PRINT1 LEFT CAN T DO 3 DO CAN DO READY gt STATEMENTS 4 53 LEN String Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 54 LEN returns the number of characters in a string LEN string expression LEN returns the number of characters in string expression to 254 10 STRING 2551 254 REM Allocate 10 ma
45. ETURN gt RUN LN10 1 LN12 Trace OFF Trace ON LN15 10 LN20 6 LN12 LN15 12 LN20 7 LN12 Trace OFF Trace ON LN30 LN100 LN1000 9999 LN1000 PRINT STATEMENT 3333 LN1010 LN120 READY gt TRACE 2 15 gt RUN Step ON Press H for help LN15 10 press Space Bar LN20 2 JP 1 STATEMENTS 4 105 UCASES String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 106 UCASE returns a string consisting of uppercase characters only string variable UCASES string expression LCASE UCASEG returns a string equal to string expression except that all lowercase alphabetic characters in string expression are converted to uppercase gt 10 INPUT1 Print year to date summary y n 0 gt 20 IF UCASE 0 Y THEN GOTO 100 gt 30 PRINT1 UCASES print out canceled gt 40 END gt 100 REM Print out year to date summary report gt RUN Print out year to date summary report y n n PRINT OUT CANCELED READY gt STATEMENTS USING Input Output Function Syntax See Also Shorthand Usage Formats PRINTed values and strings PRINT USING format expr expr PRINT CR SPC TAB Line Column U format specifies how the list of expressions will be PRINTed Three different formats may be specified Fixed decimal point format PRINTing may be specified for either exponential or decimal notation and is used to PRINT a column of numbers with all the decimal points aligne
46. ETURN RUN Enter lt Ctrl G gt Back space 1234 1234 Length of string input 6 First character of string is terminal beeps due to BELL character Enter lt Ctrl G gt Back space 1234 1234 Length of string input 4 First character of string is 1 4 48 STATEMENTS Special Case of Control Character Input A special case of control character input exists when the ASCII control characters lt Ctrl gt NULL ASCII 0 and lt Citrl M gt CR ASCII 13 represent data These characters are used as delimiters by all of the string handling statements except ASC Therefore only the ASC function can by used to process strings containing the NULL and CR characters as data Example 10 NO ED 21 11 REM Enable no edit input control characters 20 SETINPUT 0 NO ED 0 5 10000 2000 30 PRINT1 Enter CHR 34 12 Ctrl M lt Ctrl gt 31 PRINT1 3 CHR 34 40 PRINT1 You have 5 seconds to enter the first 41 PRINT1 character 50 INPUT 1 0 60 PRINT1 Length of input INPLEN 70 PRINT1 LEN statement says length of string 71 PRINT1 LEN 0 75 PRINT1 ASCII values for all characters INPUT 80 FOR POS 1 TO INPLEN 90 PRINT ASC 0 POS SPC 2 100 NEXT POS gt RUN Enter 12 lt Ctrl M gt lt Ctrl gt 3 You have 5 seconds to enter the first character 3 Length of input 5 Length of string 2 ASCII values for all characters INPUT 49 50 13 0 51 STATEMENTS 4 49 INSTR String Operator
47. EXPRESSION TOO COMPLEX error occurs when BASIC does not have enough stack space to evaluate an expression too many parenthesis We have never seen this error in the real world however if you manage to generate this message then the expression must be simplified by obtaining intermediate results INVALID LINE NUMBER This error normally occurs when the program attempts to branch to a line number which does not exist The error could be caused by any of the statements which reference line numbers such as GOTO GOSUB ONPORT and others The error may also occur when the program in the edit buffer PROGRAMS0 is corrupted To check program zero enter the following gt PRM 0 select program zero gt P LOF PRINT length of program If LOF returns the byte count of the length of the program then program zero is not corrupted If LOF generates the INVALID LINE NUMBER message then something has changed the contents of program zero To correct the error issue a NEW command and reload a back up of the program MEMORY ALLOCATION MEMORY ALLOCATION errors are generated when the user attempts to access strings that are outside the defined string limits or when there is insufficient memory for variable storage Additionally if the top of memory value MTOP is assigned a value that does not contain any data memory a memory allocation error will occur NO DATA If a READ statement is executed and no DATA statement exists or all data has been read and a
48. FT REVERSE RIGHT MID returns a string beginning with the nth character of string expression mis expression and specifies the number of characters of string expression to be assigned to string variable Both n and m must be in the range 0 to 254 If m is omitted or there are fewer than m characters to the right of the nth character of string expression then all of the remaining characters of string expression are assigned to string variable If nis O or greater than the length of string expression then MID returns the null string gt 10 STRING 2551 254 REM Allocate 10 max length gt 20 0 1JAN2FEB3MAR4APR5MAY6JUN7JUL8AUG9SEP100CT11 gt 21 0 0 NOV12DEC13 gt 30 MONTH 10 gt 40 START INSTR 0 STR MONTH 1 gt 50 STP INSTR 0 STR MONTH 1 gt 60 PRINT1 The month is gt 61 PRINT1 MID 0 START STP START gt RUN The month is OCT READY gt STATEMENTS 4 61 MTOP Advanced Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 62 Limit memory available to the BASIC interpreter variable MTOP MTOP adaress After reset BASIC normally assigns a value to MTOP by reading the value stored at the beginning of program memory by AUTOSTART See the module specific user s manual for the MTOP default BASIC will not use any variable memory beyond the address assigned to MTOP If address is greater than the last valid memory address then a MEMORY ALLOCATION error will be generated
49. Function Syntax Usage Example 4 50 INSTR searches a string for a pattern string position INSTR search string expression pattern string expression INSTR returns the position of pattern string in search string f pattern string isn t found in search string then position will be O If either string has a length of 0 then INSTR returns a 0 Both strings may be string expressions 10 STRING 2551 254 20 INPUT Enter string to search 0 30 1 PassWord 40 POS INSTR 0 1 50 IF POS 0 THEN PRINT1 ACCESS DENIED END 60 PRINT1 Password is correct gt RUN Enter string to search PASSWORD ACCESS DENIED READY gt RUN Enter string to search PassWord Password is correct 10 STRING 2551 254 20 0 MONTUEWEDTHURFRISATSUN 30 INPUT Please enter the day of the week 1 40 IF INSTR 0 1 0 THEN GOTO 30 50 PRINT1 This day is position INSTR 0 1 gt RUN Please enter the day of the week WED This day is position 7 READY gt INSTR 0 TUE 4 STATEMENTS INT Mathematical Operator Function Returns the integer portion of expression Syntax INT expression Usage Returns the integer portion of expression Example ee INT 3 7 PRINT INT 100 876 STATEMENTS 4 5 LCASE String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 52 LCASE returns a string consisting of lowercase characters only string variable LCASE string expression UCAS
50. G NOT 0 20 IF NOT DEBUG THEN GOTO 100 30 PRINT1 Debug enabled type CONT to resume 40 STOP 100 STATEMENTS 4 39 String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Related 4 40 Converts an integer number into its ASCII hex string equivalent string variable HEX expression 1 OCTHEX PHO PH1 STR expression can range from 0 to 65 535 The 1 is optional and if included causes HEX to suppress leading zeros gt PRINT1 HEX 10 A gt PRINT1 HEX 65535 FFFF gt HEX 800 0320 gt P HEX 10 000A HEX with leading zeros suppressed gt P HEX 800 1 320 gt P HEX 10 1 A To convert an ASCII hex string into an integer number add a 0 at the beginning of the string and a H to the end of the string and use VAL Decimal equivalent of a hexadecimal string P VAL 0 FFFF H 65535 STATEMENTS IDLE Interrupts Function Syntax See Also Usage Suspend program execution until interrupt IDLE ONPORT ONTIME RETI The IDLE statements forces BASIC to halt program execution until either an ONTIME or ONPORT specified interrupt is generated Once the interrupt occurs the interrupt routine is executed and program execution continues with the statement immediately following IDLE Note that if BASIC enters an interrupt routine from IDLE and the user executes a CLEAR statement in the interrupt routine the user must re enable the interrupt before exiting
51. G TABLE 2 COPY TBL 0 K SIZE TBL 2 REM GET STRING TABLE 1 COPY TBL 1 K SIZE TBL 0 REM PRINT STRING TABLE 1 FOR l 0 TO 9 PRINT2 1 NEXT REM GET STRING TABLE 2 COPY TBL 2 K SIZE TBL 0 REM PRINT STRING TABLE 2 FOR l 0 TO 9 PRINT2 1 NEXT I STATEMENTS COS Mathematical Operator Function Syntax Usage Example Returns the cosine of expression COS expression Returns the cosine of expression expression is in radians Calculations are carried out to 7 significant digits expression must be between or 200000 PRINT COS 3 14 4 PRINT COS 0 7071067 1 STATEMENTS 4 17 CR Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 18 Used in PRINT statement to output a carriage return PRINT CR PRINT SPC TAB USING 2 The CR function is short hand notation for CHR 13 CR will cause a carriage return character ASCII 13 to be sent to the serial port when encountered in the PRINT statement No line feed character will be sent The CR function will appear to not work properly with printers and terminals which automatically add a line feed when the carriage return character is received The CR function can be used to repeatedly update the same line on a CRT gt 10 FOR J 1 TO 100 gt 20 PRINT1 USING J CR gt 30 NEXT J Equivalent program using CHR gt 10 FOR J 1 TO 100 gt 20 PRINT1 USING J CHR 13 gt 30 NEXT J STATEMENTS DATA Input Output Fu
52. GUMENT STACK OVERFLOW ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW ARRAY SIZE SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE BAD ARGUMENT BAD SYNTAX CAN T CONTINUE CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW CORRUPTED PROGRAM ENCOUNTERED DIVIDE BY ZERO EXPRESSION TOO COMPLEX INVALID LINE NUMBER MEMORY ALLOCATION NO DATA NOT ENOUGH FREE SPACE PROGRAM ACCESS STRING TOO LONG UNABLE TO VERIFY When errors occur in the COMMAND mode an error message will be generated and printed out the command port When an error occurs during program execution the program is terminated an error message is generated and printed out the command port Then the program line number which caused the error printed out the command port with an approximately where in the line the error occurred Example ERROR BAD SYNTAX IN LINE 110 110 PRINT 14 12 ARGUMENT STACK OVERFLOW An ARGUMENT STACK OVERFLOW error normally occurs when an attempt is made to POP data off the stack when no data is present The error will also occur if the user overflows the argument stack by PUSHing too many expressions onto the stack ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW If the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the upper limit of a BASIC floating point number an ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW ERROR will occur The largest floating point number in BASIC is or 99999999E 127 For instance 1E 70 1E 70 would cause an ARITHMETIC OVERFLOW error ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW If the result of an arithmetic operation exceeds the lower limit of a BASIC floating po
53. IGH 90 PRINT Two least significant BCD digits are LOW 120 DATA INT WRD 100 WRD INT WRD 100 100 gt RUN Register pair 413 412 is 45 98 Two most significant BCD digits are 2 Two least significant BCD digits are 48 STATEMENTS 4 77 RETI Interrupt Function Syntax See Also Usage 4 78 Mark the end of an interrupt handling subroutine RETI IDLE ONPORT ONTIME RETI is used to exit from interrupt routines specified by the ONTIME or ONPORT statements The RETI performs a function similar to the RETURN statement plus identifies the end of the interrupt routine so that interrupts can again be acknowledged If the user fails to execute the RETI statement in the interrupt subroutine all future interrupts will be ignored see also CLEAR 1 STATEMENTS RETURN Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Mark the end of a subroutine RETURN GOSUB RETURN is used to mark the end of a subroutine and cause program flow to resume with the statement following the most recently executed GOSUB statement The GOSUB RETURN sequence can be nested In other words subroutines can call other subroutines subject to the size limitation of the control stack gt 10 FOR 1 1 TO 5 gt 20 GOSUB 50 gt 30 NEXT I gt 40 END gt 50 PRINT1 I SPC 1 gt 60 RETURN gt RUN 12345 gt 10 FOR l 1 TO 5 GOSUB 50 gt 20 NEXT 1 END gt 30 A I l gt 40 RETURN gt 50 GOSUB 30 PRINT1 I SPC 1 A SPC
54. NwWuxZE c ua400023Z3 u ooocnm OV WAS m r 11 2 ASCII TABLES APPENDIX D BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION SPEED This appendix is intended to provide the user with the feel for the execution speed of FACTS Extended BASIC Due to the vast number of programming possibilities it would be impractical to provide a list of BASIC statements and execution times however typical speeds for executing common tasks will be shown Finally some programming tips will be presented for those applications were maximum execution speed is important FACTS Extended BASIC is a highly efficient interpretive full featured BASIC The efficiency of the implementation is exemplified by the fact that the interrupt driven timer feature only consumes about 496 of the total CPU time Timing the execution speed of a section of a BASIC program is easily done using the modules timer 5000 TIME 0 REM Reset current time in seconds 5020 SYSTEM 4 0 REM Reset current time in milliseconds 5030 REM Start timing loop 5040 FOR 1 1 TO 1000 5050 GOSUB 100 REM Time the subroutine at line 100 5060 NEXT 1 REM End timing loop 5070 T TIME REM Save time required for 1000 executions 5080 PRINT Time required to execute the subroutine is T 1 655 5090 PRINT milliseconds Example gt 50 GOTO 5000 gt 100 A 127 2 gt 110 RETURN gt RUN Time required to execute the subroutine is 1 655 milliseconds Below are some typical execution times The time
55. Port 1 to Port 2 To go back to programming at Port 1 enter COMMAND 1 The programming port can be selected in the program for making remote programming changes through the optional built in Port 2 phone modem SYSTEM 7 0 REM Select Port 1 for programming SYSTEM 7 NOT 0 REM Select Port 2 for programming See the TELESERV ABM application example in the ABM Commander Plus ABM ABM TM directory SYSTEM COMMANDS CONT Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Resume program execution CONT TRACE STOP Continue is typically used during program debugging If program execution is halted by typing a Ctrl C or by the STOP statement then CONT will cause program execution to resume where it was stopped Before resuming program execution values of variables can be displayed or changed If the program is changed it cannot be continued gt 10 DO gt 20 l l 1 PRINT1 gt 30 WHILE I gt 0 Ctrl C typed STOP IN LINE 30 READY gt l 1 gt CONT 0 READY SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 DELPRM Function Syntax Usage Example 3 8 Delete a stored program DELPRM program number program number is the number of the stored program to be deleted Program numbers are assigned by the SAVE command The numbers correspond to the order in which the programs were SAVEd After the delete program operation has been successfully verified the number of stored programs and the number of program storage bytes remaining is di
56. RC 16 error check characters on a string or block of memory LET Assign a value to a variable REM Identifies non executable comments SYSTEM Read and set various system parameters TRACE Trace program execution String Operators ASC Changes or returns the ASCII code of a character in a string CHR Converts an ASCII code into a single character string DATE Sets and retrieves the battery backed calendar clock date INSTR Searches a string for a pattern string LCASE Returns a string consisting of lowercase characters only LEFT Returns character string beginning with the first character LEN Returns the number of characters in a string character MID Returns an m character string beginning with the nth character RIGHT Returns an n character string beginning with the last character STR Returns the string equivalent of a mathematical expression TIMES Sets and retrieves the battery backed calendar clock time UCASE Returns a string consisting of uppercase characters only VAL Returns the numeric equivalent of a string expression OCTHEX Convert an octal number into its ASCII hex string equivalent Advanced BYTE Read or write a byte value in variable storage memory CALL Invokes an assembly or machine language subprogram CBY Read contents of memory address in program storage memory COMERR CRC 16 error flag DBY Write to special memory locations 8052 CPU internal memory LOAD Retrieves a six byte floating point number from memory M
57. T gt RUN 2135 6 5 STATEMENTS 4 45 INPUT Input Output Function Syntax See also Usage Example 4 46 Loads variables with data from Port 1 or 2 INPUTn prompt string variable variable SETINPUT SETPORT n specifies the port number containing the data or characters for the variable list If more than one numeric variable is prompted for in a single INPUT statement then each number must be separated by a comma By default a carriage return character signals the end of a list of numeric and string data entry prompt string is an optional string constant If prompt string is omitted a question mark will be sent to prompt for data If a comma is placed before the first variable following INPUT then the question mark prompt will not be sent INPUT operation is controlled by the SETINPUT statement INPUT and SETINPUT can perform more functions than the statements INPUT INPUT and LINE INPUT found in other BASICs Unique to FACTS Extended BASIC is the ability to input without echoing the capability to redefine the INPUT termination character eg instead of cr and to control the time which INPUT will wait for data see SETINPUT A string variable list functions the same as multiple INPUT statements however INPLEN will only return the number of characters INPUT in the last string variable If a numeric variable list is used then each number entered must be separated by a comma A carr
58. T The STORE and LOAD statements can be used in a BASIC program to save and retrieve floating point numbers in absolute memory locations Each floating point number requires six bytes of memory for storage All non dimensioned variables are stored as floating point numbers in a normalized packed BCD format as shown in the following example Example Location 30000 29999 29998 29997 29996 29995 gt PUSH 1 2345678 gt STORE 30000 Value 81H 00H 78H 56H 34H 12H Description Exponent 7FH 10 1 80H 10 0 81H 10 1 82H 10 2 Number zero zero exponent Sign bit OOH Positive 01H Negative Least Significant Two BCD digits Next Least Significant Two BCD digits Next Most Significant Two BCD digits Most Significant Two BCD digits 8 1 NON DIMENSIONED VARIABLE STORAGE FORMAT Variables require 8 bytes of memory for storage Two bytes are used to describe the variable name while the remaining 6 bytes are used to store the floating point number as described previously The following example shows how the variable CHAR would be stored Example Location 32766 32765 32764 32763 32762 32761 32760 32759 8 2 gt STRING 0 0 gt CHAR 12345 gt WORD 104H 32767 Value Description 52H ASCII value for the last character used to define a variable In this example the ASCII value for the character R 119 ASCII value for the first character used to define a variable
59. TOP Limit memory available to the BASIC interpreter STORE Stores a six byte floating point number at specified memory address WORD Reads from or writes to a specific memory location two bytes SUMMARY OF STATEMENTS AND OPERATORS 13 3
60. Two encapsulated lithium batteries contained in the RAM socket are used to back the RAM memory s These batteries are non replaceable and can be expected to maintain the data and programs in RAM for over 10 years 2 2 GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC Data Memory Data Memory is the segment of memory which is used for program editing and development All programs store variables in this memory This memory is also referred to as bank 0 or PROGRAM The control environment oriented interpretative FACTS Extended BASIC language is contained in 32K or 64K see the module specific user s manual non addressable bytes of ROM portion of data memory is reserved for use by the BASIC interpreter The amount of memory reserved depends on the specific module type PROGRAM 0 is the program stored in data memory It may be executed automatically by the AUTOSTART command or by another program eg 1000 GO PROGRAM 0 PROGRAM 0 may be copy protected by use of the LOCKOUT statement Program Memory All modules provide the user with a portion of memory referred to as program memory This segment of memory is used to SAVE or file programs Programs SAVEd in a program memory file can be moved back to data memory see the EDIT command for further editing debugging trial execution and then re SAVEd in the program memory file Multiple programs can be SAVEd in program memory to create a file of application and utility programs Programs can
61. UNTIL l 3 gt 50 PRINT1 gt RUN gt RUN 112233 12345 122436 132639 STATEMENTS DO WHILE Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Loop while test at bottom of loop is TRUE DO WHILE relational expr DO UNTIL The DO WHILE statements allow the user to repeatedly execute the program lines between the DO and WHILE statements relational expr when equal to zero represents FALSE and the loop ends otherwise the loop continues The maximum number of nested DO WHILE loops which BASIC can handle is 52 Attempting to execute the DO WHILE statements in the COMMAND mode will generate a BAD SYNTAX error message DO WHILE loop Nested DO WHILE and DO UNTIL loop gt 10 DO gt 10 DO l l 1 DO C C 1 gt 20 l l 1 gt 20 PRINT1 C SPC 1 I C 230 PRINT1 1 gt 30 UNTIL C23 C20 PRINTI gt 40 WHILE 1 lt 5 gt 40 WHILE 1 lt 3 gt 50 PRINT1 gt RUN gt RUN 112233 12345 122436 132639 STATEMENTS 4 25 DSR Miscellaneous Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 26 Get status of hardware handshaking input line var DSRn DTR SETPORT n specifies the serial port either 1 or 2 var returns the current state of the CTS line either TRUE all ones or FALSE zero When hardware handshaking is enabled by the SETPORT statement modem RTS CTS protocol automatically controls the PRINT statement With hardware handshaking disabled custom handshaking can be implemented with DSR The CTS input line at port
62. UTOSTART mode See the module specific user s manual for the location of the CLR ALL AUTOSTART jumper which bypasses the stored AUTOSTART parameters gt REM Enable program interruption gt 10 BREAK 1 gt REM Disable program interruption gt 10 BREAK 0 gt REM If lt Ctrl C gt is enabled then disable it gt 10 IF BREAK THEN BREAK 0 gt REM If lt Ctrl C gt is disabled then enable it gt 10 IF NOT BREAK THEN BREAK 1 STATEMENTS BYTE Advanced Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Read or write a byte value in variable storage memory variable BYTE address BYTE adaress data byte LOAD STORE WORD BYTE is used to retrieve or assign a data byte from 0 to 255 to an address in the battery backed variable storage memory The range of valid addresses is module specific The range of memory reserved for use by the BASIC interpreter should not be written to by the user An alternative to using AUTOSTART mode 2 to retain data in the absence of power is to store a value in data memory To do this the user must allocate some free memory memory not used by BASIC for the data to store The MTOP operator described later in this chapter is used to provide the user with free memory for the storage of data Store a string above MTOP gt 16383 Allocate 16K of data memory This is equivalent to 16 384 eight bit PLC CPU retentive data registers gt AUTOSTART mode program baud 163
63. YS 1 25 HR VAL 0 30 IF HR gt 0 AND HR lt 23 THEN GOTO 50 35 PRINT Hour must be lt 23 40 IF TRYS THEN GOTO 100 REM Skip if operator is a clod 45 GOTO 15 50 MIN POS INSTR 0 1 55 1 MID 0 MIN_POS 60 MIN VAL 1 70 SEC_POS INSTR 1 1 80 SEC VAL MID 0 SEC_POS 90 PRINT1 Current time is HR MIN SEC 95 TIME STR HR STR MIN STR SEC STATEMENTS 4 47 Special When more numeric data is present than there are variables in the INPUT list then the message EXTRA IGNORED is generated and all the data up to the next INPUT terminating character usually a carriage return is ignored Example 10 INPUT A B gt RUN 2234 42 10 EXTRA IGNORED Non Standard ASCII Character Input Control characters ASCII 0 31 are by default echoed but not loaded into variables To INPUT control characters use SETINPUT to set no edit ON To INPUT special 8 bit codes which are not a part of the standard ASCII character set ASCII 128 to 255 use SETPORT to select 8 data bits Example REM Turn echo ON and control character input ON 10 NO ED 1 20 NO ECHO 0 30 SETINPUT NO ECHO NO ED 40 GOSUB 100 45 REM Disable ctrl char input enable input edit 50 SETINPUT NO ECHO 0 60 PRINT1 GOSUB 100 70 END 100 INPUT Enter lt Ctrl G gt Back space 1234 0 110 PRINT1 Length of string input INPLEN 120 PRINT1 First character of string is 121 PRINT1 LEFT 0 1 130 R
64. ables are the same length both start with T and both end with 1 Instead of using variable names like REGO REG1 REG10 and REG20 use a dimensioned array like REG 2 Array variables include a one dimensional expression or subscript ranging from 0 to 254 enclosed in parentheses Valid array variable are K 9 ARRAYVAR PRESSURE OUT INT A K FACTS Extended BASIC does not include double subscript arrays such as A X Y BASIC can represent a two dimensional array as an unraveled one dimensional array To convert the two dimensional array A ROW COLUMN into one dimensional array start with the dimension statement DIM A ROW COLUMN Then instead of using the double subscript notation B A I J use the equivalent single subscript expression B A COLUMN I J COLUMN The BASIC program STATS ABM in the LIBRARY subdirectory contains an example statistics program which uses the concept of a double subscript array GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC 2 7 2 8 String variables are a special form of array variables and are represented by the dollar sign character and an expression enclosed in parentheses The dimension of the string variables ranges from 0 to 254 Use the STRING statement to allocate memory for string variables Valid string variables are 1000 0 First string variable 1010 122 1020 I Third string variable 1030 K24 1 1040 K24 Second string variable Where execution speed is a prime concern
65. as maintaining a PID control can be accomplished To prevent an ONTIME interrupt from occurring during an ONPORT interrupt subroutine temporarily stop the software timer Example Holding off ONTIME interrupts 10 TIME 0 DBY 71 0 REM Zero the timer 100 ONPORT1 1000 REM Handle operator input 110 ONTIME 2 2000 REM Display TIME DATE 200 REM Main program loop 500 GOTO 200 REM End Main program loop 1000 ONTIME 0 REM Disable the ONTIME Interrupt 1010 REM Process operator input 1400 IF INLEN1 gt 0 THEN GOTO 1010 REM Loop if more 1410 ONPORT1 1000 REM Enable next ONPORT int 1510 ONTIME 2 2000 REM Reenable the ONTIME int 1520 RETI REM End of operator input subroutine 2000 PRINT 1 50 DATE SPC 2 TIME 2010 TIME 0 DBY 71 0 REM Zero the timer 2020 ONTIME 2 2000 REM Enable next ONTIME 2030 RETI REM of ONTIME interrupt subroutine STATEMENTS 4 69 PHO and 1 Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 70 Prints 2 and 4 digit hexadecimal numbers PHO expr expr HEX OCTHEX PHO and PH1 statements operate the same as the PRINT statement except that values are output in hexadecimal format The PH1 statement always prints out four hexadecimal digits whereas the PHO statement suppresses the two leading zeros if the number to be printed is less than 256 0100H The character H is printed after the number to identify the number as a hexadecimal Values prin
66. ation where the number is stored Execution of the LD statement places the number on the argument stack from which BASIC can assign it to a variable with the POP statement Since a floating point number requires six bytes of storage the statement ST 32767 would save the last number PUSHed onto the stack in locations 32767 32766 32765 32764 32763 and 32762 Because BASIC stores strings and non dimensional variables in memory from MTOP down the user must set up a portion of free memory to be used by the ST and LD statements STATEMENTS Allocate a protected region of memory for variable storage gt MTOP 28000 REM Set and store the new MTOP value gt AUTOSTART mode program baud 28000 PUSH 1234 56 Place number to be stored on stack gt ST 28000 7 Store the number in data memory above MTOP gt LD 28007 Retrieve load the stored number gt POP NUM Assign the retrieved number to a variable gt PRINT NUM 1234 56 gt 05 REM Store floating point numbers in data memory gt 10 DIM D 3 D 1 907 701 gt 20 D 2 3256 gt 30 D 3 39 25E 9 gt 40 INDEX 1 gt 50 FOR MEM 28007 TO 28007 2 6 STEP 6 gt 51 REM MEM points to the value gt 60 PUSH D INDEX gt 70 ST REM Store the value gt 80 INDEX INDEX 1 gt 90 NEXT MEM gt RUN _ The three values are now stored in memory gt 105 REM Re load the numbers stored above gt 110 FOR MEM 28007 TO 28007 2 6 STEP 6 gt 115 REM MEM
67. be executed directly out of program memory by the AUTOSTART command or by other programs with the GO PROGRAM statement Programs can also be CHAINED together using AUTOSTART mode 2 GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC 2 3 DEFINITION OF TERMS Commands 1 2 4 The gt prompt character is sent by BASIC to inform the user that it is in the COMMAND mode and ready to receive characters Commands can only be entered when the module is in the COMMAND mode BASIC takes immediate action after a command has been entered Commands which begin with a number from 0 to 65535 are interpreted as program lines and are terminated with a carriage return Many of the instructions and all of the operators can be entered without line numbers and executed immediately This a powerful debugging tool gt PRINT1 21 196 3 4122 3 gt FOR 1 0 to 12 P 2 NEXT I 1 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 gt 10 gt CONT gt 97 61H gt 0 gt P ASC 0 1 gt 63 Commands which can not be included in program lines will be presented in CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMMANDS Some typical system commands are RUN LIST SAVE and NEW GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC Statements A statement consists of an instruction eg PRINT INPUT LET GOTO and may include numbers variables operators and line numbers Application programs are constructed with statements Program Lines 1 Each program line con
68. cters generated either for a transmission or a reception can be examined by BASIC as shown below 10 PRINT1 The ASCII value of the last CRC 16 MSB 15 PRINT1 PICK SYSTEM 5 H 20 PRINT The ASCII value of the last CRC 16 LSB 25 PRINT1 PICK SYSTEM 5 L CRC Demo Program The following program demonstrates the use of the built in CRC function The program allows you to simulate data reception using the keyboard In practice data received in a string by the INPUT statement would be examined using the ASC operator The ASC operator can be used to pick off characters in a string 100 REM CRC 16 Error Checking Demo for FACTS Extended BASIC 110 CLEAR STRING 8001 79 120 PRINT1 Default initial CRC 16 remainder WORD 132H 130 SETINPUT 0 1 0 6 65535 5000 140 PRINT1 CRC 16 with MSB first 150 PRINT1 Please enter the following 160 SYSTEM 2 1 SYSTEM 3 0 REM Enable CRC 16 MSB First 170 GOSUB 240 180 PRINT1 CRC 16 with LSB first 190 PRINT1 Please enter the following 200 SYSTEM 2 1 SYSTEM 3 1 REM Turn ON CRC 16 LSB first 210 SETINPUT 0 1 0 6 65535 5000 220 GOSUB 240 230 END 240 PRINT1 KJHS 250 INPUT1 1 260 SYSTEM 2 0 REM Disable CRC 16 error checking 270 IF COMERR THEN GOSUB 290 ELSE GOSUB 300 280 RETURN 290 PRINT1 CRC 16 ERROR 300 PRINT1 PRINT1 310 PRINT1 CRC 16 MSB gt PICK SYSTEM 5 H 315 PRINT1 Character gt CHR PICK SYSTEM 5 H 320 PRINT1 CRC 16 LSB gt
69. d String format PRINTing is used to print a fixed length string including the string delimiter characters null and carriage return Once a print format is specified it will be used in all subsequent PRINT statements or until a PRINT USING 0 statement is encountered PRINT USING 0 causes numbers in the range 2 to 99999999 to be displayed in decimal notation Numbers out of this range will be displayed in exponential notation Multiple USING statements may appear in a single PRINT statement Use a comma after the USING statement to prevent the BAD SYNTAX error message STATEMENTS 4 107 Formatting Numbers Syntax Usage Example PRINT USING numeric expression PRINT USING will cause the value of all subsequent numeric expressions to be printed with a fixed number of digits before and after the decimal point The number of pound sign characters 7 before and after the decimal point determine the number of significant digits that will be printed The decimal point may be omitted if it is desired to output only an integer The maximum number of characters is eight total If the value to be output does not fit into the currently specified format then BASIC will output a question mark character followed by the value in USING 0 format gt 10 PRINT1 USING 220 FOR l 0 TO 30 STEP 5 gt 30 PRINT1 SQR I 3 gt 40 NEXT I gt RUN 0 11 180 31 622 58 094 89 442 2125 164 31677 Formattin
70. dex increment is positive and index is less than or equal to ending index then control will be transferred back to the statement following the FOR statement index will also continue to increment if index increment is negative and index is greater than or equal to ending index The STEP statement is optional and if omitted the index increment value will default to 1 The index variable in the NEXT statement is optional and if omitted it is assumed to be the index variable used in the last FOR statement A maximum of 9 nested FOR NEXT lops may be executed gt 10 FOR l 3 TO 3 gt 20 PRINT1 1 NEXT PRINT1 gt RUN 3 2 10123 READY gt gt 10 FOR l 3 TO 3 STEP 2 gt 20 PRINT1 1 NEXT PRINTI gt RUN Display a region of memory from the COMMAND mode gt FOR 1232768 32768 5 PHO NEXT 30H FFH FFH EEH 7FH FFH Display the decimal number represented by the 9th through 12th bit positions of a binary number gt FOR l 9 TO 12 P 2 1 NEXT 512 1024 2048 4096 STATEMENTS GO PROGRAM or GOPRM Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Begin execution of a specified program GO PROGRAM program number line number GOSUB GOTO program number identifies the stored program to begin executing and should be in the range 0 255 GOPRM 0 specifies the program in data memory and GOPRM 1 specifies the first program in the program memory file If GOPRM program number specifie
71. e numbering begins with starting line number Successive program lines will be increased by the specified increment increment is optional The default value of increment is 10 Enter Control C to stop automatic line numbering Enter Control D to skip the currently displayed line number gt LIST 1000 REM Begin welder control 1010 PRINT1 0 1020 IF DEBUG THEN PRINT2 0 1030 gt AUTOLN 1002 2 1002 REM Quickly add additional documentation 1004 REM 0 address command 1006 REM Welder ack will be in 1 upon RETURN 1008 REM No welder response 1 1010 Enter Ctrl D to skip this line number gt 1012 REM DEBUG NOT 0 to monitor Port 1 activity 1014 lt Enter Ctrl C to exit automatic line numbering gt 1000 REM Begin welder control 1002 REM Quickly add additional documentation 1004 REM 0 address command 1006 REM Welder ack will be in 1 upon RETURN 1008 REM No welder response 1 1010 PRINT1 0 1012 REM DEBUG NOT 0 to monitor Port 1 activity 1020 IF DEBUG THEN PRINT2 0 SYSTEM COMMANDS AUTOSTART Function Selects the modules operating mode after a reset Syntax AUTOSTART mode program baud MTOP Usage AUTOSTART when entered with no arguments will generate a message reminding the user of the AUTOSTART syntax mode is a number 0 1 2 or 3 which selects a particular reset procedure as shown in the following table AUTOSTART Reset Mode Table Description and Procedure Puts the
72. e CONT command However if the user edits the program after halting execution and then enters the CONT command a CAN T CONTINUE Error will be generated A lt Ctrl C gt must be typed during program execution or a STOP statement must be executed before the CONT command will work CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW errors will normally occur if a RETURN is executed before a GOSUB a WHILE or UNTIL before a DO or a NEXT before a FOR A CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW error will also occur if the control stack pointer is forced out of bounds 158 bytes of memory are allocated for the control stack FOR NEXT loops require 17 bytes of control stack DO UNTIL DO WHILE and GOSUB require 3 bytes of control stack This means that 9 nested FOR NEXT loops is the maximum BASIC can handle because 9 times 17 equals 153 If the user attempts to use more control stack than is available a CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW error will be generated 7 2 ERROR MESSAGES CORRUPTED PROGRAM ENCOUNTERED When corrupted program is encountered in the stored program memory space then the end of file marker is moved to the first valid program line before the corruption This truncates the rest of the program and deletes all programs following it Program memory could conceivably be changed due to electrical noise such as static electricity DIVIDE BY ZERO If a division by ZERO is attempted e g 12 0 a DIVIDE BY ZERO error will occur EXPRESSION TOO COMPLEX An
73. e PRINT USING n var to PRINT the first n characters of string var when the ASCII string delimiter characters null ASCII 0 and carriage return ASCII 13 are contained within the string as data values or use CHR to PRINT them explicitly STATEMENTS 4 73 PUSH Advanced Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 74 Places a value on the stack PUSH expression POP PUSH places the value of expression onto the argument stack The value of the last expression in the PUSH statement list of expressions will be the last value placed on the stack PUSH and POP are convenient for passing values to and from general purpose subroutines Example uses PUSH and POP to pass data to a general purpose subroutine which performs the repetitive task of separating four BCD digits gt 10 PUSH 700 53 gt 20 GOSUB 100 gt 30 TRANSFER 128 TRANSFER LSB gt 31 REM Send 4 BCD digits to PLC gt 40 TRANSFER 129 TRANSFER MSB gt 50 INPUT VALUE FOR REGISTER PAIR 400 401 0 gt 60 PUSH VAL 0 gt 70 GOSUB 100 gt 80 PRINT1 Register 400 LSB gt 85 PRINT Register 401 MSB gt 90 END gt 100 POP D MSB INT D 100 gt 101 REM Most significant two digits gt 110 LSB D INT D 100 gt 111 REM Least significant two digits gt 120 RETURN gt RUN VALUE FOR REGISTER PAIR 400 401 9642 Register 400 42 Register 401 96 STATEMENTS READ Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usa
74. e using AUTOSTART mode 2 then do not use the RUN command to start the program To begin execution without clearing variables or at some point in the program other than the beginning use GOTO gt 10 For J 1 to 3 PRINT1 J NEXT J 220 PRINT1 GO gt RUN 1 2 3 GO READY SYSTEM COMMANDS SAVE Function Syntax Usage Example Store selected program in the program file SAVE The SAVE command is used to store the currently selected program either in data memory PROGRAM 0 or in the program file into the next free space in the program file Programs are stored sequentially in the program file Each time the SAVE command is executed the number of programs filed will be increased by one The number of programs stored is only limited by the size of the programs and the amount of program file memory available When the SAVE command is entered BASIC will return the program s file number This number is used by PROGRAM and GO PROGRAM to retrieve or execute a program in the file gt PRM 0 gt LIST 10 PRINT1 TEST PROGRAM gt SAVE Saving program 7 7 Stored programs 51154 program storage bytes free gt GOPRM 7 TEST PROGRAM gt NEW Erase program 0 gt PRM 0 gt LIST Yep it s gone gt PRM 7 Select PROGRAM 7 again gt EDIT Move it back to PROGRAM 0 gt PRM 0 READY gt LIST 10 PRINT1 TEST PROGRAM PROGRAM 0 was stored in the program memory file as PROGRAM 7 Then the stored program was retrieved for furt
75. echoed When no echo is 0 INPUT will echo all characters received The default is 0 echo no edit is a single character either a 0 or a 1 If no editis 1 then Back Space ASCII 8 Control D ASCII 4 and Delete ASCII 127 editing will be disabled and all control characters ASCII 0 to 31 will be INPUT XON XOFF characters are ignored when software handshaking is on If no editis 0 INPUT editing is enabled and all other control characters will be ignored This permits deletion of the previous character input The default is 0 enable BS DEL terminator is any ASCII character 0 to 255 INPUT stops when the terminator character is received If terminator is 0 then end of input character checking is disabled The default terminator is a carriage return ASCII 13 length is an expression which specifies the maximum number of characters per string which INPUT will receive INPUT stops if the number of character received is equal to length The range of length is 0 to 255 If length is 0 or 255 then 255 characters will be INPUT and a BEL character ASCII 7 will be echoed if more than 255 characters are transmitted ength defaults to 0 wait for first is an integer expression 0 to 65535 which specifies the maximum time in milliseconds that the INPUT statement will wait for receipt of the first character If a character is not received within the specified time then BASIC will resume execution with the statement following the INPUT statement
76. ecify one of four nibbles where n 0 3 Use H to PICK the High byte or use L to PICK the low byte Use B to specify a word hexadecimal to BCD conversion Pick apart a 16 bit value 10 REG 1120H 20 PH1 REG REG in hexadecimal 30 PRINT1 1st nibble PICK REG N 0 SPC 5 40 PRINT1 3rd nibble PICK REG N 2 50 PRINT1 Value in binary FOR BT 0 TO 15 60 IF PICK REG B BT THEN GOTO 62 ELSE GOTO 64 62 P NOT P PRINT1 1 GOTO 70 64 PRINT1 0 70 NEXT BT 80 IF P THEN 0 ODD ELSE 0 EVEN 90 PRINT1 Word contains a 0 number of 1 bits 95 PH1 REG or treated as BCD 96 PRINT1 PICK REG B decimal 100 HB PICK REG H REM Swap the bytes 110 PICK REG H PICK REG L PICK REG L HB 120 PRINT REG with bytes swapped REG gt RUN REG 1120H in hexadecimal istnibble 20 3rd nibble 1 Value in binary 0000010010001000 Word contains an ODD number of 1 bits 1120H or 4384 treated as BCD 1120 decimal REG with bytes swapped 2011 STATEMENTS 4 71 POP Advanced Operator Function Retrieves a value off the stack Syntax POP variable variable See Also PUSH Usage The POP statement retrieves a value off the top of the argument stack and assigns it variable The last variable in the POP statement variable list will be assigned the last value off of the argument stack Example See the PUSH Example 4 72 STATEMENTS PRINT Input Output Function Sy
77. en Pate 4 26 DT Re Miscellaneous xu sen etr tn ett e et et e 4 27 END SIEIGWIGODIOLI Cn ioo 4 28 ERRCHK Miscellaneous lesser hh 4 29 EXP Mathematical Operator 4 33 FOR TO STEP NEXT Flow Control eh 4 34 GO PROGRAM or GOPRM Flow Control 4 35 GOSUB Flow CONTON e ru ERR eere s 4 37 GOTO EloWwCOnttol eum EE ERITEEIYERIY IY ISI IIT EP 4 39 String Operator iscoveso ei ee ee tete tete tere tet ttu fes 4 40 IDEE SITS RUDUS 4 41 IESTHEN EESE Flow Gontrol stre eR dee et et ats ee ER EV 4 42 INKEYS String Operators tnd oe Se eee eee eed ee ee ee vee ees 4 43 INEEN InpUt OUtpUt i cum buie e Tae Tait Tet Tete Tete Sete eae ee ees 4 44 Input OUIDUL sent a yeti tied ee We ee ees ees 4 45 INPUT Input OUIDUE 4 46 Input Error Elandling e etes te rete d tete Shinto hte ete ete 4 47 Non Standard ASCII Character Input 4 48 Special Case of Control Character 4 49 INST Re String Operator 4 cries ERR REMISE Tele Y 4 50 INT Mathematical 4 51 bGASES String Operator soie eie eie ei eI RETE 4 52 LERTIS Sting Operators Maat ote tee tee es ee wee ere
78. en RIGHTS returns the null string RIGHTS allows you to pick off the end of a string gt PRINT1 RIGHT FACTS EXTENDED BASIC 5 BASIC Using MID and LEN to achieve same result as RIGHT gt 0 END SEGMENT gt PRINT1 MID 0 LEN 0 6 SEGMENT STATEMENTS 4 81 RND Mathematical Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 82 Returns a pseudo random number in the range between 0 and 1 inclusive RND Returns a pseudo random number in the range between 0 and 1 inclusive The RND operator uses a 16 bit binary seed and generates 65536 pseudo random numbers before repeating the sequence The numbers generated are specifically between 0 65535 and 65535 65535 inclusive Unlike most BASICs the RND operator in this BASIC does not require an argament or a dummy argument In fact if an argument is placed after the RND operator a BAD SYNTAX error will occur PRINT RND 30278477 STATEMENTS SETINPUT Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Configure the INPUT statement SETINPUT no echo no edit terminator length wait for first wait for last INPUT SETPORT SETINPUT establishes operational parameters for subsequent INPUT statements When entered with no arguments a message reminding the user of the SETINPUT syntax will be generated no echo is the only SETINPUT parameter which is not optional and must be either a 0 or a 1 If no echo is 1 then characters received by the INPUT statement will not be
79. erator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example WORD reads from or writes to a specific memory location two bytes var WORD adaress WORD address expr BYTE LOAD STORE address is an expression from 0 to 65535 representing a two byte memory location WORD retrieves or assigns an integer value 0 to 65535 WORD can be used to store integer values in a region of memory protected from BASIC from MTOP to 32767 WORD can also be used to retrieve integer values any where in memory Store values in non volatile memory after SAVEd programs in bank 1 1000 FRE_ADDR SYSTEM 6 REM tst free location 1010 FOR IDX 1 TO 100 1020 WORD FRE ADDR I REG I 1030 NEXT IDX Retrieves values stored in non volatile memory after SAVEd programs in bank 1 1000 FRE ADDR SYSTEM 6 REM 1st free location 1010 FOR IDX 1 TO 100 1020 REG I WORD FRE ADDR I 1030 NEXT IDX STATEMENTS 4 111 line column Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example1 Example 2 4 112 Cursor positioning using ANSI escape sequence line column PRINT CR SPC TAB USING This operator is used in PRINT statements to generate the required escape sequence to position the cursor on an ANSI or DEC VT100 compatible terminal line specifies the vertical position and column specifies the horizontal position on the screen The cursor positioning operator is often used to easily place text on an operator interface ter
80. es with ERASE since there is no UNERASE command gt LIST 10 REM ERASE example 20 IF DEBUG THEN GOSUB 200 30 INLEN2 0 40 INLEN1 0 50 REM Start of main program gt ERASE 10 40 gt LIST 50 REM Start of main program SYSTEM COMMANDS LIST Function Syntax Usage Example Display the currently selected program LIST start line num finish line num The LIST command is used to display the currently selected program LIST inserts spaces in the program after line numbers and before and after instructions to improve the appearance and readability of the program LIST can be used in three ways LIST Displays the entire program LIST num Displays the program from line num to the end LIST line num line num Displays only a single program line num LIST start line finish line Displays line numbers beginning with start line and ending with finish line gt LIST 10 REM LIST EXAMPLE 20 A B C22 30 END READY gt LIST 20 20 A B C 2 30 END READY gt LIST 10 20 10 REM LIST EXAMPLE 20 A B C22 READY gt LIST 20 20 A B C 2 A listing can be terminated by entering lt Ctrl C gt LIST can also be stopped by entering XOFF Ctrl S and then restarted by entering XON Ctrl Q Note that the only serial port input that BASIC will accept after XOFF is or Ctrl C2 See SETPORT for more information on XON and XOFF flow control SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 11 NEW Function Erase PROGRAM 0 and CLEAR va
81. f an I O Register 30 FOR BT 0 TO 15 40 PRINT BIT BT gt 50 IF BIT BT THEN PRINT1 ON ELSE PRINT1 OFF 60 NEXT PRM 0 READY gt RUN BIT 0 gt OFF BIT 1 gt ON BIT 2 gt ON BIT 3 gt ON BIT 4 gt ON BIT 5 gt ON BIT 6 gt ON BIT 7 gt ON BIT 8 gt ON BIT 9 gt ON BIT 10 gt ON BIT 11 gt ON BIT 12 gt ON BIT 13 gt ON BIT 14 gt ON BIT 15 gt ON STATEMENTS 4 5 BREAK Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 6 Enable and disable lt Ctrl C gt program stop BREAK true or false LOCKOUT CONT true or false is an expression which when equal to 0 disables program termination by a lt Ctrl C gt If true or false is not 0 then BASIC checks during INPUT and after executing each program line to see if a Ctrl C has been entered A program interrupted with lt Ctrl C gt can be resumed at the point of interruption with CONT NOTE true zero false non zero Normally BREAK is enabled during program development only BREAK should be disabled for most industrial applications If BREAK is disabled by BASIC then program execution will continue until reaching an END or STOP statement or until an error is generated AUTOSTART mode 1 or 2 executes a program after a reset If the program has BREAK disable and never executes an END statement then the program cannot be accessed normally To access the program you must change the A
82. g Exponential Numbers Syntax Usage Example 4 108 PRINT USING Fx numeric expression This PRINT formatting function will cause subsequent numeric expressions to be output to be in a fixed floating point exponential notation format The value of x determines how many significant digits will be printed The minimum value for x is 3 while the maximum value is 8 10 PRINT1 USING F3 gt 15 FOR J 1 TO 2 20 FOR K 1 TO 5 gt 30 PRINT1 J K SPC 2 gt 40 NEXT K gt 45 PRINT1 gt 50 NEXT J 1 00 EO 2 00 EO 3 00 EO 4 00 EO 5 00 EO 2 00 EO 4 00 EO 6 00 EO 8 00 EO 1 00 E1 gt P 7 SPC 2 U F4 4 SPC 2 U F3 5 SPC 2 USING F8 0 7 00 EO 4 000 EO 5 00 EO 0 0000000 EO STATEMENTS Formatting Strings Syntax Usage Example PRINT USING string expression The value of expr is the number of characters in string expression which will be PRINTed PRINTing always starts at the beginning of the string This function can be used to PRINT strings containing null characters ASCII 0 and carriage returns ASCII 13 10 REM Allocate space for 10 strings 20 REM 254 characters each string maximum 30 REM STRING 254 1 10 1 254 40 STRING 2551 254 50 0 0123456789 60 PRINT1 0 65 PRINT1 PRINT a portion of a string 70 PRINT1 USING 5 0 75 0 10 77 PRINT1 BASIC marks string end with a 78 PRINT1 ASC 0 LEN 0 1 80 PRINT1 0 83 PRINT1 PRINT pas
83. g the last battery backed memory location which Extended BASIC can use for variable storage The default value for MTOP is defined in the module specific user s manuals Memory addresses above MTOP are available to the user MTOP is included for downward compatibility with Intel MCS 51 programs New applications will normally not change this value SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 3 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 3 4 Change the baud rate gt AUTOSTART 0 0 9600 Mode 0 Edit Program 0 Baud 9600 Run program 0 after a reset without clearing the variable tables gt AUTOSTART 2 0 Mode 2 RUN no CLEAR Program 0 Baud 9600 Run program 1 after a reset and initialize all variables to zero Set the baud rate for both ports initially to 1200 Allocate 200 bytes of memory for use by the user gt AUTOSTART 1 1 1200 65535 200 Mode 1 RUN CLEAR Program 1 Baud 1200 SYSTEM COMMANDS Retaining Variables in the Absence of Power Mode 2 retains all variables including string and dimensional variables during loss of power however the BASIC statements CLEAR MTOP STRING and the BASIC commands RUN and NEW will erase the variable tables Therefore these statements should not be included in a program when using mode 2 NOTE When debugging a program that uses AUTOSTART mode 2 use GOTO line number GOPRM program number line number or the RESET command to start the program Module startup can be simplified by adding
84. ge Example Assigns DATA statement constant values to variables READ variable variable DATA RESTORE READ assigns the value of a numeric expression specified in a DATA statement to variable Multiple variables in the READ list are separated by commas The first variable in the first READ statement in the program is assigned the value of the first expression in the first DATA statement in the program Each additional variable encountered in a READ statement is assigned the value of the next expression in a DATA statement DATA statements appear to READ statements as one long list of expressions If the last expression in the last DATA statement has been read and another READ statement is executed BASIC will halt program execution with error NO DATA IN LINE xx gt STRING 8001 79 REM Allocate space for 100 79 strings gt 10 REM Load error codes gt 20 FOR CODE 1 TO 4 gt 30 READ ERR CODE gt 40 NEXT CODE gt 50 DATA 2 4 7 22 gt 60 2 Out of paper gt 70 4 Parts feeder low gt 80 7 Supply pressure too low gt 90 22 Cannot proceed without final payment on gt 91 22 22 this machine STATEMENTS 4 75 REM Miscellaneous Function Syntax Usage Example 4 76 Identifies non executable comments REM comment The REM statement is used to add comments to a program Everything on a line following the REM instruction is ignored by BASIC The fact that the REM statement is e
85. he contents of individual memory locations in program memory to a variable Since program memory cannot be written directly the CBY operator cannot be assigned a value STATEMENTS 4 9 CHR String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Special Example 4 10 Converts an ASCII code into a single character string string variable CHR code ASC CHR returns a single character string corresponding to an ASCII code CHR is useful for creating strings containing non printable characters and characters which cannot be entered from the keyboard code must be in the range 0 to 255 ANSI escape sequence using CHR gt 0 CHR 27 2JU Clear the screen The string delimiter characters carriage return ASCII code 13 and null ASCII code 0 can be PRINTed with CHR CHR returns a zero length string for these codes Use the ASC operator to embed null and carriage return characters within a string Use PRINT USING count to print strings with embedded carriage return and null characters gt PRINT Display a line repeatedly CHR 13 PRINT PRINT a line repeatedly gt 0 CHR 13 gt PRINT LEN 0 0 STATEMENTS CLEAR Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage CLEAR erases the variable tables CLEAR CLEAR 1 CLEAR S The CLEAR statement is used to set all variables including strings and dimensioned arrays to zero to disable interrupts to reset control stacks and to cance
86. he serial transmissions are all 7 bit ASCII Hardware Bi directional CTS RTS Handshaking Hardware bi directional CTS RTS handshaking operates on a character by character basis and is typically used with external modems or when there is 8 bit data in the serial transmissions In this case software flow control cannot be used because the software flow control characters XON ASCII 17 and XOFF ASCII 19 may appear as data in the communication stream The RTS signal is an output from the BASIC module which becomes active at the beginning of a PRINT statement It is requesting clearance from the external device for a transmission says ABM is ready to PRINT The CTS signal is an input to the BASIC module which when on indicates that the module may begin transmitting to the external device says ok to PRINT At the end of the PRINT statement the RTS signal is deactivated after approximately two character times for baud rates less than 9600 If the baud rate is 9600 or higher then the RTS signal is deactivated immediately after the last character in the PRINT statement is transmitted If the BASIC module does not see the CTS signal within 1 second of asserting the RTS signal then the RTS signal is dropped and the handshaking mode is changed to none N Uni directional CTS Hardware Flow Control Uni directional CTS hardware flow control operates on a character by character basis and is typically used with external modems The CTS signal is an in
87. her editing See DELPRM to delete a program stored in the program file SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 17 SYSTEM COMMANDS CHAPTER 4 STATEMENTS This chapter contains an alphabetical listing of the FACTS extended BASIC statements and operators that are featured in all BASIC module types The module specific user s manual describes any differences from these statements as well as any fetures specific to a particular module The statements are desribed in the following format STATEMENT Statement Type Function Function Description Syntax Syntax Description See Also Related statements Usage Additional Information Examples 41 ABS Mathematical Operator Function Returns the absolute value of expression Syntax ABS expression Usage Returns the absolute value of expression Example ae PRINT ABS 5 42 STATEMENTS ASC String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Changes or returns the ASCII code of a character in a string code ASC string variable position ASC string variable position code CHR The ASC operator returns the ASCII code 0 255 for the character at any specific position in string variable The ASC statement assigns the ASCII code 0 255 to the character at any specific position in string variable The valid range for position is 1 to 255 Normally the string handling functions MID INSTR LEFT and RIGHT would be used to manipulate strings A special case exists when the
88. however it is assumed that the user has some BASIC or other higher level language programming experience This is not a How to Write BASIC Ladder Logic Program manual FACTS BASIC MODULE TYPES There are three categories of FACTS Engineering BASIC modules they are 905 BASIC Modules 305 CPU BASIC Modules 405 CoProcessor Modules 305 BASIC Modules are placed in an I O slot of a 01305 base These modules communicate with the DL305 PLC CPU via the TRANSFER instruction in the BASIC module and ladder logic in the CPU Hardware and software features unique to these modules are described in the 305 BASIC Modules manual F3 AB M 305 CPU BASIC Modules are placed in the CPU slot of a DL305 base These modules have special instructions to read and write the I O modules in the DL305 base such as STATUSIO ACTIVATE and DEACTIVATE Hardware and software features unique to these modules are described in the 305 Programmable CPU manual F3 RTU 405 BASIC CoProcessor Modules are placed in an I O slot of a 01405 CPU base These modules communicate with the CPU via the S405 BMOVE and DPORT instructions No PLC ladder logic is required Hardware and software features unique to these modules are described in the 405 BASIC CoProcessors manual F4 CP M 1 1 INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC MINIMUM READING REQUIREMENT First time users already familiar with BASIC programming should at least review the commands
89. iage return must be entered to signal the end of the numeric variable list This method of data entry is not recommended for most applications gt 10 INPUT NUM D1 REM Enter a return after each gt 20 INPUT D REM Comma suppressed prompt gt 30 SETINPUT 1 REM Enable no echo gt 40 INPUT 0 gt 30 PRINT NUM SPC 1 D1 SPC 1 D SPC 2 0 gt RUN 210 30 5 10 305 READY gt STATEMENTS Input Error Handling If data is not INPUT for every numeric variable of an input list then the variables in the list are not changed If an alphanumeric character is entered for a numeric variable then the message TRY AGAIN is generated When more numeric data is entered than there are variables in the INPUT list the message EXTRA IGNORED is generated and all the data up to the next INPUT terminating character usually a carriage return is ignored Because of the above limitations it is nearly always best to input numeric data into a string and then convert the string into a number Example REM Could get stuck in endless loop if data not input correctly 10 INPUT1 ENTER TIME HR MIN SEC HR MIN SEC 20 PRINT1 CURRENT TIME IS HR MIN SEC RUN ENTER TIME HR MIN SEC 10 30 47 INPUT must be a number TRY AGAIN ENTER TIME HR MIN SEC 10 30 47 CURRENT TIME IS 10 30 47 REM Better method is to always input data into a string 10 TRYS 0 15 INPUT 1 Enter time Hour Minutes Seconds 0 20 TRYS TR
90. int number an ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW error will occur The smallest floating point number in BASIC is or 1E 127 For instance 1E 80 1E 80 would cause an ARITHMETIC UNDERFLOW error 7 1 ARRAY SIZE SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE If an array is dimensioned by a DIM statement and then you attempt to access a variable that is outside of the dimensioned bounds an ARRAY SIZE error will be generated This error will also occur if you attempt to re dimension an array Example gt DIM A 10 gt PRINT A 11 ERROR ARRAY SIZE SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE READY gt BAD ARGUMENT When the argument of an operator is not within the limits of the operator a BAD ARGUMENT error will be generated For instance A TRANSFER 257 would generate a BAD ARGUMENT error because the argument for the TRANSFER is limited to the range 0 to 255 PRINT ASC 2 1 will generate an error if string storage space has not been allocated by STRING BAD SYNTAX A BAD SYNTAX error means that either an invalid BASIC command statement or operator was entered and BASIC cannot interpret the entry The user should check and make sure that everything was typed in correctly A BAD SYNTAX error may also be generated if a reserved key word is used as part of a variable see Appendix C CAN T CONTINUE Program execution can be halted by either entering a Ctrl C through the command port or by executing a stop statement Normally program execution can be resumed by typing in th
91. ion must be in the following form hh mm ss eg TIME 1 4 32 string variable contains the battery backed calendar clock time returned by TIMES TIMES returns a fixed length string in the form hh mm ss ss The battery backed calendar clock is accurate to 1 minute per month at 24 degrees C gt TIME 14 02 00 Set clock to 2 02 P M gt TIME 13 Set clock back one hour gt TIMES 13 02 33 21 gt TIME 0 7 Set clock to 7 minutes after midnight gt 10 REM Routine to set the clock up or back one hour gt 20 PRINT1 Set clock forward or backward one hour gt 21 INPUT1 F B 0 gt 30 0 UCASE 0 REM Assure upper case gt 40 IF 0 F THEN FWD 1 GOTO 100 gt 50 IF 0 B THEN FWD 0 GOTO 100 gt 60 END gt 100 HOUR VAL TIME gt 110 IF FWD THEN HOUR HOUR 1 ELSE HOUR HOUR 1 gt 120 IF HOUR lt 0 THEN HOUR 23 gt 130 IF HOUR gt 23 THEN HOUR 0 gt 140 TIME STR HOUR MID TIME 3 STATEMENTS 4 103 TRACE Debug Function Syntax Usage 4 104 Display program execution flow and variable assignments TRACE mode line number The TRACE operating mode expression must be equal to 0 1 or 2 mode 0 turns the TRACE function OFF mode 1 displays line numbers and variable assignments during program execution To cancel mode 1 enter Ctrl C TRACE 0 CONT or place a TRACE 0 statement in the program mode 2 displays the next line number any variable assignments and
92. itions in the remote address thus providing the flexibility to address one or more slaves at a time If the number of zeros in the mask byte is equal to N then the maximum number of slaves in the group is 2 N STATEMENTS 4 89 4 90 Slave Station 1 remote address 1111 0001 OF1H mask 1111 1010 OFAH Group Address 1111 OxOx OFOH OF1H OF4H OF5H Slave Station 2 remote address 1111 0011 0F3H mask 1111 1001 0F9H Group Address 1111 Oxx1 OF1H OF3H OF5H OF7H Slave Station 3 remote address 1111 0000 OFOH mask 1111 1100 0FCH Group Address 1111 00 O0FOH OF1H OF2H OF3H The unique address for slave 1 is OF4H The unique address for slave 2 is OF7H The unique address for slave station 3 is OF2H The Group Address for all 3 slaves is OF1H The Group Address for stations 1 and 2 is OF5H The Group Adaress for stations 2 and 3 is OF3H and the Group Adaress for stations 1 and 3 is OFOH STATEMENTS SGN Mathematical Operator Function Return the sign of expression Syntax SGN expression Usage Will return a value of 1 if expression is greater than zero zero if expression is equal to zero and 1 if expression is less than zero Example PRINT SGN 52 PRINT SGN 0 PRINT SGN 8 1 0 1 STATEMENTS 4 91 SIN Mathematical Operator Function Returns the sine of expression Syntax SIN expression Usage Returns the sine of expression expression is in radians Calculations are carried o
93. ize of the main program REM Maintenance of both programs is simplified REM REM Initialize the program names to the program location REM HELP_PROG 3 MAIN_PROG 0 REM REM Initialize the help subroutine line numbers REM SETUP_HELP 2000 DEBUG_HELP 4000 CAL_HELP 6000 REM REM Main Program Starts Here REM RESUME SYSTEM 8 GO PROGRAM HELP PROG SETUP HELP PRINT2 Setup Help Completed RESUME SYSTEM 8 GO PROGRAM HELP PROG DEBUG HELP PRINT2 Debug Help Completed RESUME SYSTEM 8 GO PROGRAM HELP PROG CAL HELP PRINT2 Calibration Help Completed END READY gt list 2000 3999 4000 5999 6000 7999 PRM 0 PRINT2 Begin Setup Help GO_PROGRAM MAIN_PROG RESUME PRINT2 Begin Debug Help GO_PROGRAM MAIN_PROG RESUME PRINT2 Begin Calibration Help GO_PROGRAM MAIN_PROG RESUME READY gt run Begin Setup Help Setup Help Completed Begin Debug Help Debug Help Completed Begin Calibration Help Calibration Help Completed 4 36 STATEMENTS GOSUB Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 1 Example 2 Execute a subroutine GOSUB ine number GO PROGRAM GOTO RETURN GOSUB causes BASIC to transfer control directly to the program line specified by ine number When the RETURN statement is encountered in the subroutine BASIC returns program control to the statement immediately following GOSUB SUBROUTINE gt 10 FOR l 1 TO 5 gt 20 GOSUB 50 gt 30 NEXT gt 40 END g
94. l applicable sections of the National Fire Code National Electrical Code and the codes of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA There may be local regulatory or government offices that can help determine which codes and standards are necessary for safe installation and operation Equipment damage or serious injury to personnel can result from the failure to follow all applicable codes and standards We do not guarantee the products described in this publication are suitable for your particular application nor do we assume any responsibility for your product design installation or operation If you have any questions concerning the installation or operation of this equipment or if you need additional information please call us at 1 800 783 3225 This document is based on information available at the time of its publication While efforts have been made to be accurate the information contained herein does not purport to cover all details or variations in hardware and software nor to provide for every possible contingency in connection with installation operation and maintenance Features may be described herein which are not present in all hardware and software systems FACTS Engineering assumes no obligation of notice to holders of this document with respect to changes subsequently made FACTS Engineering retains the right to make changes to hardware and software at any time without notice FACTS Engineering makes no rep
95. l the ONERR statement CLEAR does not effect the software timer the battery backed calendar clock or reset the memory allocated by the STRING statement STATEMENTS 4 11 CLEAR I Interrupts Function Syntax See Also Usage 4 12 Disable program interrupts CLEAR I CLEAR CLEAR S The CLEAR I statement resets the BASIC interrupt flag and disables program interrupts enabled by the ONTIME and ONPORT statements This statement can be used to prevent interrupts during certain sections of a BASIC program ONTIME and ONPORT must be executed again before the respective interrupts will be enabled STATEMENTS CLEAR S Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Reset control and argument stacks CLEAR S CLEAR CLEAR I The CLEAR S statement is used to reset BASIC s control and argument stacks This statement can be used to exit prematurely from a subroutine GOSUB RETURN or from a FOR NEXT DO UNTIL or DO WHILE control loop After executing a CLEAR S statement the user will normally use a GOTO statement to jump back to the main body of the program CLEAR S cancels all GOSUB routines and control loops gt 10 PRINT1 Multiplication Test gt 30 INPUT How many seconds do you want S gt 40 ONTIME S 200 gt 50 FOR l 2 TO 9 gt 60 N INT RND 10 gt 70 PRINT1N 1 gt 80 TIME 0 gt 90 INPUT 0 gt 95 R VAL 0 gt 100 IF R lt gt N I THEN PRINT1 WRONG GOTO 60 gt 110 PRINT
96. les 1 0 6 1 RELATIONAL OPERATORS The relational operators are used to test whether the specified relationship between two expressions is TRUE or FALSE If the relationship is TRUE then all ones are returned 65535 OFFFFH If the relationship is FALSE then a 0 is returned Table of Relational Operators OPERATOR DESCRIPTION GENERALIZED FORM EXAMPLE 0 lt gt NOT EQUAL TO expr expr PRINT 2 lt gt 3 65535 0 lt LESS THAN expr lt expr PRINT 2 lt 3 65535 GREATER THAN OR expr gt expr PRINT 2 gt 3 EQUAL TO 0 LESS THAN OR expr lt expr PRINT 2 lt 3 EQUAL TO 65535 Since relational operators return a valid integer specifically either a 0 or 65535 then the logical operators can use the results of relational operations to form complex relational expressions Examples gt 10 IF X lt Y AND X gt Z OR X O THEN gt 10 IF NOT A OR B AND C THEN In the first example above the parentheses were used to cause the result of the logical OR operation to be used as one of the arguments in the logical AND operation Often times complex expressions can be written with few parentheses if the user understands the precedence of operators See CHAPTER 2 to review the precedence of operators in expressions When in doubt about operator precedence it is recommended that parentheses be used 6 2 LOGICAL AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS CHAPTER 7 ERROR MESSAGES The error messages described in this chapter are AR
97. mber is the first line number of the renumbered program In this case the starting and ending parameters are ignored but must be included in the RENUMBER command gt LIST 10 STRING 8001 79 REM STRING does a CLEAR 20 DEBUG 0 30 LOCKOUT 0 40 BREAK 1 50 IF NOT DEBUG THEN GOTO 101 100 INLEN1 0 101 20 102 1 TO 20 103 REG I 1 104 200 gt RENUMBER 100 104 5 gt LIST 10 STRING 8001 79 REM STRING does a CLEAR 20 DEBUG 0 30 LOCKOUT 0 40 BREAK 1 50 IF NOT DEBUG THEN GOTO 105 100 INLEN1 0 105 20 110 1 20 115 REG I 1 120 200 SYSTEM COMMANDS RESET Function Syntax Usage Execute a software reset RESET RESET executes the same software initialization routines executed after a hardware reset has occurred RESET can be executed in the COMMAND mode to verify AUTOSTART operation SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 15 RUN Function Syntax Usage Example 3 16 CLEAR the variable tables and execute the selected program RUN Entering RUN causes BASIC to set all variables to zero clear interrupts reset stacks and begin execution of the currently selected program at the first line number Program execution may be halted by sending the module a Ctrl C character To disable the lt Ctrl C gt feature see the BREAK statement RUN always begins execution with the lowest number program line NOTE If you ar
98. me may require 2096 more time to interpret than a single character variable Likewise a dimensioned variable may require 3596 more time to process Time for a single character variable is typically less than 1 msec Often a faster method of solving the problem will provide the most significant speed increase For example exponential calculations could be used to decode the status of PLC CPU I O points However the BIT statement will typically perform the same task 10 times faster 12 2 BASIC PROGRAM EXECUTION SPEED Commands AUTOSTART CONT DELPRM EDIT LIST NEW NULL PROGRAM RESET RUN SAVE Flow Control BREAK CLEAR S DO UNTIL DO WHILE END FOR GO PRM GOSUB GOTO IF LOCKOUT ON GOSUB ON GOTO ONERR RETURN STOP APPENDIX E SUMMARY OF STATEMENTS AND OPERATORS Selects the modules operating mode after a reset Resume program execution Delete a stored program Move a SAVEd program to PROGRAM for editing Display the currently selected program Erase PROGRAM 0 and CLEAR variables Add null characters after each carriage return Select a SAVEd program Execute a software reset CLEAR the variable tables and execute the selected program Store selected program in the program file Enable and disable Ctrl C program stop Reset control and argument stacks Loop until test at bottom of loop is TRUE Loop while test at bottom of loop is TRUE Halt program execution Loop with automatic up or down incrementing index Begin e
99. memory ERRCHK expr n K number of characters type ERRCHK starting address ending address type ERRCHK starting address K number of bytes type SYSTEM ERRCHK speeds building and receiving messages for most ASCII communication protocols Error checking begins with the nth character of the specified string variable expr If the optional expression n is not specified then ERRCHK begins with the first character in the string The number of characters in the string to ERRCHK must be specified Error check ABM memory by specifying the starting address and either an ending address or the number of bytes to error check The maximum block size which can be error checked is 65535 bytes Type specifies the error checking method either 1 2 or 3 1 LRC Longitudinal Redundancy Check XOR of specified bytes 2 CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check Polynomial 16 15 2 1 3 Check Sum Sum specified bytes Divide by 256 Integer remainder is the Checksum The error check characters are stored in SYSTEM 5 MSB PICK SYSTEM 5 H LSB PICK SYSTEM 5 L STATEMENTS 4 29 Check sum is a simple error checking method which is used by many devices ERRCHK 100 110 112 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 210 220 230 240 250 2000 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2110 2120 4 30 type Check Sum is compatible with the OPTOMUX protocol REM This example turns ON and OFF all 16 channels of a 16 REM p
100. minal The following two PRINT statements are equivalent LINE 5 COL 50 PRINT1 LINE COL UPPER RIGHT PRINT1 CHR 27 LINE COL H UPPER RIGHT The following cursor control PRINT statements gives the user more control over the ABM Commander screen Version 6 0 and greater PRINT1 1 1 REM Position Cursor at coordinates 1 1 PRINT1 CHR 27 2J REM Clear Screen PRINT1 CHR 27 2L REM Turn Cursor OFF PRINT1 CHR 27 2K REM Turn Cursor ON STATEMENTS CHAPTER 5 MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS The mathematical operators described in this chapter are Table of Dyadic Mathematical Operators OPERATOR DESCRIPTION GENERALIZED FORM FORM EXAMPLE E Division expr expr PRINT 2 3 66666667 8 6 5 1 5 2 MATHEMATICAL OPERATORS CHAPTER 6 LOGICAL AND RELATIONAL OPERATORS The operators described in this chapter are LOGICAL RELATIONAL AND OR gt gt XOR NOT lt gt lt lt LOGICAL OPERATORS The logical operators perform their functions on valid integers on a bit by bit basis 16 bits Non integer arguments in the range 0 to 65535 OFFFFH inclusive are truncated Numbers outside of this range will generate the message ERROR BAD ARGUMENT Table of Logical Operators OPERATOR DESCRIPTION GENERALIZED FORM EXAMPLE 2 3 EXCLUSIVE OR expr XOR expr PRINT 2 XOR 3 1 NOT NOT NOT expr PRINT NOT 2 65533 Logical Operators Truth Tab
101. module in command mode after a module reset and is used throughout program development Use the stored baud rate and enter COMMAND mode Variable tables are not CLEARed Run a specified program after module reset CLEAR the variable tables and execute the program specified by program Run a specified program after module reset This mode also retains Do Not Clear variables in the absence of power and after the execution of a GO PROGRAM statement Do not CLEAR the variable tables and execute the program specified by program Edit After a reset the module expects the user to send a space bar Space Bar character to the command port The module will set the command port baud rate to the baud rate of the device that sent the space bar character Note that port 2 does not support AUTOSTART mode 3 if port 2 is the command port mode 0 will be used if 3 is selected Interpret first character received as a space character to determine baud Enter COMMAND mode without CLEARing variables The module is shipped in mode 3 for easy baud rate selection baud is an expression specifying the communications rate AUTOSTART does not verify that the baud rate specified is valid Typical baud rates are 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 and 19200 The baud rate stored by AUTOSTART will be the default rate used for both ports The baud rate for either port can be changed in the program using the SETPORT statement MTOP is an expression specifyin
102. n Reserved Words ATN REM AUTOSTART RENUMBER BIT RESET BYTE RESTORE LOCKOUT LOF SETINPUT LOG SETPORT MTOP SGN NEW SIN SPC SQR STEP PROGRAM POP PUSH GO PROGRAM RAM GOSUB READ GOTO Reserved Symbols 10 1 RESERVED WORDS APPENDIX C ASCII TABLES CONTROL CHARACTER TABLE Control ASCII Decimal Abbreviation Code Character Value Definition Ctrl gt null Ctrl gt start of heading Ctrl B gt start of text Ctrl gt end of text Ctrl D gt end of transmission Ctrl E enquiry Ctrl F gt acknowledge Ctrl gt bell Ctrl H gt backspace Ctrl gt horizontal tabulation Ctrl J gt line feed Ctrl gt vertical tabulation Ctrl L gt form feed Ctrl M gt carriage return Ctrl N gt shift out Ctrl gt shift in Ctrl P gt data link escape Ctrl Q gt device control 1 Ctrl R gt device control 2 Ctrl S gt device control 3 Ctrl gt device control 4 Ctrl gt negative acknowledge Ctrl V gt synchronous idle Ctrl W gt end of transmission block Ctrl X gt cancel Ctrl Y gt end of medium Ctrl Z gt substitute Ctrl gt escape Ctrl gt file separator Ctrl gt group separator Ctrl gt record separator lt Ctrl_ gt unit separator SP space DEL delete ASCII CONVERSION TABLE 0 100 e B C D E H L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Q
103. n gt greater than or equal too and lt less than or equal too A relational expression may be as simple as IF B gt 20 THEN or as complex as COS B 2 gt SQR SIN C AND NOT B gt C Precedence of Operators in Expressions The rules for evaluating an expression are simple When an expression is scanned from left to right an operation is not performed until an operator of lower or equal precedence is encountered The precedence of operators from the highest to the lowest in BASIC are A operators enclosed in parentheses B exponentiation C negation D multiplication and division E addition and subtraction F relational expressions lt gt gt lt gt lt G logical and AND H logical or OR logical exclusive or XOR GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC 2 9 2 10 GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM COMMANDS All system commands must be entered while the ASCII BASIC module is in the COMMAND mode Any attempt to include a system command in a program will generate a BAD SYNTAX error message The system commands described in this chapter are AUTOLN AUTOSTART COMMAND CONT DELPRM PROGRAM RENUMBER RESET RUN SAVE 3 1 AUTOLN Function Syntax Usage Example 3 2 Automatic program line number entry AUTOLN starting line number increment Use AUTOLN to automatically enter line numbers during program entry Automatic lin
104. nction Syntax See Also Usage Example DATA specifies expressions for READ statements DATA expr expr READ RESTORE expr is a numeric expression or constant DATA declares the expressions which can be assigned to variables following the READ statement Multiple expressions specified in a DATA statement are separated by commas DATA statements may be placed anywhere in the program since they are not executed DATA statements are linked together in the order that they appear in the program 10 REM Load array REG with constants 20 FOR D 1 to 5 30 READ REG D 40 NEXTD 50 DATA 35 1 10E3 OFFEH REG 2 2 D STATEMENTS 4 19 DATES String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 20 DATE sets and retrieves the battery backed calendar clock date DATES string expression string variable DATE TIME When correctly formatted string expression sets the battery backed calendar clock month day of month year and day of the week string expression must be in one of the following forms mm dd yy w DATES 9 25 88 7 mm dd yy w integer is a string variable which contains the battery backed calendar clock date returned by DATE DATE returns a variable length string in the form dayofweek mm dd yy The battery backed calendar clock is accurate to 1 minute per month at 24 degrees C gt DATE 10 10 88 1 gt PRINT1 DATE Monday 10 10 88 gt DATE 2 29 gt PRINT1 D
105. ngle character specifying the communication flow control as shown below SorT Software handshaking XON XOFF on a per char basis H Hardware bi directional CTS RTS handshaking U Uni directional CTS hardware flow control N No handshaking If none of the above handshaking options are appropriate for your application then consider BASIC flow control using the DTR and DSR operators The RS 232 output RTS is controlled with the BASIC DTR operator The status of the RS 232 input CTS is returned by the BASIC DSR operator see DSR and DTR beginning on page 63 Specify a M for multidrop to enable the RS 422 485 transmitters only when PRINTing Specify a P for point to point to leave the RS 422 485 transmitters ON even when not PRINTing See the User s Manual for wiring examples STATEMENTS Software Handshaking The Software flow control character lt Ctrl S gt XOFF ASCII 19 is used by an external device to tell the module to stop PRINTing When the receive buffer on the external device is sufficiently unloaded it transmits a lt Ctrl Q gt ASCII 17 signal back to the module telling it to continue transmitting Software handshaking operates on a per character basis not on a line by line basis like Intel s MCS 51 BASIC That is FACTS Extended BASIC checks to see if XOFF was received before PRINTing the next character Software handshaking is often used with terminals ABM Commander uses it printers and external modems when t
106. ns will be generated Since each serial port has an independent 255 character type a head input buffer data can be received from external serial devices at the same time the BASIC module is performing another task such as a PID loop calculation or inputting PLC CPU register values In some communication intensive applications the number of characters in each input buffer should be examined by the main program periodically so that data can be INPUT before a buffer is filled see INLEN statement port indicates which serial port is being configured portis the only SETPORT argument which is not optional and must be 1 2 or 3 depending on which module you have Each of the ports can be configured differently and retain their configuration until another SETPORT statement is executed If SETPORT is not used then the serial ports default to no parity 7 data bits 1 stop bit and no handshaking The default baud rate is established by AUTOSTART baud is an expression specifying the communications rate SETPORT does not verify that the baud rate specified is valid Typical baud rates are 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 115 200 See your module specific user s manual to determine what baud rates your module supports STATEMENTS 4 85 parity is a single character or A remote address mask specifying the status of the parity bit as shown below parity Even parity N No parity bit If 7 data bits then parity bit
107. nsion an array or to access an array element that is outside the scope of the dimensioned variable will generate the message ERROR ARRAY SIZE SUBSCRIPT OUT OF RANGE IN LINE XX Since AUTOSTART mode 2 retains data in DIMensioned arrays the DIM statement must be executed in COMMAND mode Do not re dimension arrays in the program when using AUTOSTART mode 2 If an arrayed variable is used that has not been dimensioned by the DIM statement then BASIC will automatically dimension the array to 10 elements It is good practice to explicitly dimension all arrays 10 DIM A 20 B 20 20 C 2 9 REM ARRAY ASSIGNED DEFAULT SIZE OF 10 30 DIM D C 2 2 40 REM EXPRESSION C 2 2 MUST ALWAYS BE lt 254 STATEMENTS 4 23 DO UNTIL Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 24 Loop until test at bottom of loop is TRUE DO UNTIL relational expr DO WHILE The DO UNTIL statements allow the user to repeatedly execute the program lines between the DO and UNTIL statements relational expr when equal to zero represents FALSE and the loop continues otherwise the loop ends The maximum number of nested DO UNTIL loops which BASIC can handle is 52 Attempting to execute the DO UNTIL statements in the COMMAND mode will generate a BAD SYNTAX error message DO UNTIL Loop NESTED DO UNTIL Loops gt 10 DO gt 10 DO lzl 1 DO C2C 1 gt 20 I 1 1 gt 20 PRINT1 C I C gt 30 PRINT1 I gt 30 UNTIL C 3 C 0 PRINT1 gt 40 UNTIL 1 5 gt 40
108. ntax Shorthand See Also Usage Example Special Transmits data out of the specified serial port PRINTn expr expr P P1 P2 TAB Absolute cursor positioning on current line SPC Relative cursor positioning on current line CR Return cursor to position 1 on current line no LF y x Absolute cursor positioning on ANSI screen USING To align decimal points of PRINTed numbers and to PRINT a specified number of characters of a string variable PRINT transmits data out the serial port specified by n expr may be either a string or numeric expression or constant Multiple values can be output in a single PRINT statement if separated by commas A carriage return and line feed character are normally sent at the end of each PRINT This function can be suppressed by adding a comma at the end of the PRINT statement Program PRINT statements can be started and stopped from external devices with XOFF lt Cirl S gt and XON lt Cirl Q gt or with the Hardware Handshaking input CTS See SETPORT page for more information on serial port flow control gt 10 FOR l 1 PRINT1 NEXT PRINT1 5 gt RUN 123 5 READY gt PRINT1 2 16 1 BYTES OF MEMORY 65 535E3 65535 BYTES OF MEMORY 65535 READY gt Use the CHR operator to PRINT special 8 bit codes which are not a part of the standard ASCII character set shown in Appendix D For example PRINT CHR 219 will PRINT a solid box on an IBM PC Us
109. pts will not occur until another ONTIME statement is executed Therefore another ONTIME statement would normally be included in the interrupt subroutine A line number of to will disable the ONTIME interrupt An ONTIME enabled interrupt causes program execution to continue at the specified ine number following completion of the current statement After a RETI statement is executed in the interrupt handling subroutine execution resumes with the statement following the last statement executed before the interrupt occurred gt 10 TIME 0 220 ONTIME 2 100 gt 30 INPUT A NUMBER X gt 40 PRINT1 X TIME gt 50 END 2100 PRINT1 INTERRUPT 2110 RETI gt RUN A NUMBER 10 WAIT AT LEAST 2 SECONDS INTERRUPT 10 3 945 gt 10 TIME 0 DBY 71 20 REM Zero timer gt 20 CLOCK 1 REM Start the timer gt 15 ONTIME 1 100 REM Enable interrupt to line 100 gt 20 DO gt 30 REM nothing in this example gt 40 UNTIL DOOMSDAY gt 50 END gt 100 PRINT1 PROGRAM INTERRUPTED PERIODICALLY gt 110 REM Next interrupt to occur 3 seconds later gt 115 IF TIME gt 65000 THEN TIME TIME 65000 gt 120 ONTIME TIME 3 100 gt 130 RETI STATEMENTS Interrupt Priority ONPORT and ONTIME FACTS Extended BASIC establishes a higher priority for the ONTIME interrupt than it does for the ONPORT interrupts In other words an ONTIME interrupt can interrupt an ONPORT interrupt This priority was established so that critical time based tasks such
110. put to the BASIC module which the modem turns off to instruct the module to stop sending data The modem turns on the CTS signal to instruct the BASIC module to resume sending data Uni directional CTS hardware flow control is exactly like Bi directional RTS CTS hardware flow control except that the RTS signal from the module is always asserted No Handshaking When interfacing to devices which do not support any type of handshaking the user must be careful that characters are not lost in a transmission Printers for example can easily be interfaced to the BASIC module by selecting a baud rate sufficiently slow to allow the printer time to keep up STATEMENTS 4 87 Example 05 REM Configure Port 1 for comm with a terminal 10 SETPORT 1 9600 N 7 1 S 14 REM Configure Port 2 for comm with a binary 16 REM transmitter 20 SETPORT 2 1200 O 8 1 N Example Configure Port 1 for 9600 baud no parity 8 bit word 1 stop bit software XON XOFF handshaking and multi drop RS 422 485 mode SETPORT 1 9600 8 1 5 M Example The following example demonstrates using the built in hardware Automatic Address 1000 1010 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1220 1230 1240 1250 1260 1270 4 88 Recognition feature Slave Station STRING 2551 254 REM 10 254 char strings RA 2 REM Enable AAR and define our remote address SETPORT 1 9600 A RA 8 1 N M REM In
111. required to execute the FOR NEXT timing loop in lines 5000 to 5090 shown above was subtracted from the values below In all cases a RETURN was executed at line 110 Typical Execution Times Operation Time 100 A 16 2 3 17 100 PRINT Test String REM at 1200 baud 90 1 100 PRINT Test String REM at 2400 baud 44 4 100 PRINT Test String REM at 4800 baud 21 5 100 PRINT Test String REM at 9600 baud 10 7 100 PRINT Test String REM at 19 200 baud 5 65 100 PRINT Test String REM at 38 400 baud 3 25 100 A 2 7 18 48 100 BITS A REM Decode an 8 bit I O register 57 12 1 TIPS FOR SPEEDING UP YOUR PROGRAMS During program execution when FACTS Extended BASIC encounters a new line reference such as GOSUB 6000 it scans the entire program starting at the lowest line number Therefore frequently referenced lines should be placed as early in the program as possible For example a GOSUB to a RETURN statement at the end of a long program could require 8 msec to execute A GOSUB to a RETURN statement early in the same program 1 RETURN might require only 1 5 msec to execute Variables which are encountered first during the execution of a BASIC program are allocated at the start of the variable table Defining Z as the 10th variable in a program caused the statement IF Z 2 THEN END to execute in 1 30 msec Defining Z first in the program caused the same statement to execute in 1 11 msec 15 An eight character na
112. resentation or warranty expressed implied or statutory with respect to and assumes no responsibility for the accuracy completeness sufficiency or usefulness of the information contained herein No warranties of merchantability of fitness for purpose shall apply TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ssssssse hh hr 1 1 PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT ssssees hr 1 1 FACTS BASIC MODULE TYPES sssssees 1 1 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED 2 1 MINIMUM READING REQUIREMENT ssssese e 2 1 EIRST EIME SERS e eetentestebsvesbopspeporiepeseDEseDCseDcseDcseBenpee 2 1 ORFERA NNG MODES hr tees ese ese ee a ee eT N 2 1 RESEN ibo rhe tnc a ere a ear ee tier pe grat nb edi o tes 2 2 GENERAL MEMORY USAGE x ere e et ttt c ets 2 2 uot decore eMe mee ete ete A ede T eres s 2 3 Program Memor 3 etes tc etti dett ete etc nct Rta ag a 2 3 35927956 en eee eee ie hee oa 2 4 COIBITIADIdS mic mem ea 2 4 Statemelillss eoo eMe efe eMe ee ens 2 5 Piogram fee at R COO RUD E C ECL EC RI ER ete 2 5 Floating Point Numbers 2 6 Integer NUMD OTS kt act E EC RIDE E 2 6 OBO AlOISs 4o usce tete ee ete eae tete ee ee ee ee ee es 2 7 MEET E E ME RM E 2 7 EXPIOSSIONS sco esee ue Me ce e e Me eie
113. riables Syntax NEW Usage The NEW command is used to erase PROGRAM 0 in data memory NEW also deletes all variables There is no UNDO NEW command so use NEW with caution Executing NEW has the same effect as DELPRM 0 3 12 SYSTEM COMMANDS PROGRAM or Function Syntax Usage Select a SAVEd program PROGRAM number The PROGRAM command is used to select a program for LISTing or RUNning number specifies which program the user wishes to access see SAVE If an attempt is made to select a program number which is greater than the number of stored programs in the program file or less than 0 then the message ERROR PROGRAM ACCESS will be generated This error message will also be generated if an attempt is made to make changes to a program still in program memory SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 13 RENUMBER Function Syntax Usage Example 3 14 Renumber a range of program lines RENUMBER starting ending increment new starting RENUMBER will allow you to add program lines to a section of the program where previously there was no room All program lines from starting program line to ending program line and all references to these lines anywhere in the program will be renumbered increment is optional and specifies the difference between consecutive line numbers increment defaults to a value of 10 If a new starting line number is specified then the entire program is renumbered by the increment amount The new starting line nu
114. rupt handling subroutine execution resumes with the statement following the last statement executed before the interrupt occurred 10 REM Main program loop 20 REM Here we get PLC CPU Logic status 30 REM If Logic status indicates a cycle fault then 40 REM we get the I O status to determine the cause 50 REM and display it at Port 1 Otherwise display 60 REM process parameters 70 ONPORT2 1000 REM Trap input from Bar Code 500 GOTO 10 REM End of main program loop 1000 REM Process Bar Code data string 1400 ONPORT2 1000 REM Monitoring the bar code reader 1410 RETI The ONPORT statement may be used for both speed and convenience Application less sensitive to response time could also regularly check to see if there are any characters waiting in the input buffer using the INLEN statement IF INLEN2 gt 0 THEN GOSUB STATEMENTS 4 67 ONTIME Interrupt Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 68 Time based interrupt of normal program flow ONTIME set time line number IDLE RETI SYSTEM TIME ONTIME enables interruption of normal BASIC program flow when the value of TIME is greater than or equal to the value of set time set time may be any value from 005 to 65535 995 seconds line number is the beginning program line for the ONTIME interrupt handling subroutine RETI signals the end of the subroutine The ONTIME statement will enable only a single BASIC program interrupt to occur Future TIME based interru
115. s Input Output ss a6 Seve ee eae eee a ee eee 4 5 BREAK Flow Control eiit 4 6 BYTE Advanced Operator ere Steves Pee vee eae Ta EMIT RRYX 4 7 CALL Advanced 4 8 GBY Advanced Operator crei RIP RITE eRIY P eRIYEWITe Y 4 9 String Operator c ver E IRI Ett 4 10 GEEABSSEIOWIGORIEO etus tuse Eun tu Ce TS ee mu eere Le ee Se 4 11 GEEAEb S Interrupts 2 es ote ettet ete tete rete mee ee Mere eMe ers 4 12 rom Fenton een dul ue Tour Tul se Te ee ate Ee ee 4 13 COMERR Advanced Operator 4 14 COPY Memory Management 4 15 COS Mathematical 4 17 OPEP OPEP EE EHE 4 18 DATA ANE EAE R 4 19 5 Operator ics csi ie tee p p oE O ee hee bie diet aia 4 20 DBY Advanced Operator 4 21 DELAY Miscellaneous 4 22 DIM Memory Management 4 23 DO UNTIL Flow Control 4 24 OOO etn n ie ay et eT T ee 4 25 DS MISCelIaneoUls irren ente ene irre rne ion ce eat
116. s a number greater than the number of programs stored in program memory then the statement is ignored If the AUTOSTART reset mode is 2 or if the optional ine number is specified then all variables and strings are retained after a GOPRM statement GOPRM could be used to break a large programming task up into separate smaller programs Advantages to this programming approach are Smaller programs will execute quicker less lines to scan Smaller programs will up load and down load faster fast edits Smaller programs are easier to document and maintain Program variables can be local or shared global Some of the smaller programs could be used in several applications SI COT 02 REM Main program in data memory PROGRAM 0 04 REM REG program will input presets and set registers 10 REG 3 20 ALRM 5 REM ALRM program will display alarms 22 REM PRO program will display process parameters and 24 REM current presets 30 PRO 2 1000 IF SETUP THEN GO PROGRAM REG 2000 IF ALARM THEN PROGRAM ALRM 3000 IF DISPLAY THEN GO PROGRAM PRO STATEMENTS 4 35 GO PROGRAM accesses subroutines in other programs PRM 0 READY gt list 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 1220 1230 1240 1250 PRM 3 REM Demonstrate GO PROGRAM subroutines REM REM User help screens are stored in a SAVEd program REM This reduces the s
117. splayed The number of stored programs does not include program 0 DELPRM can be used to remove any of the stored programs Typing DELPRM 0 has the same effect as typing NEW READY gt DELPRM 4 7 stored programs 28381 bytes free gt SYSTEM COMMANDS EDIT Function Syntax Usage Example Move a SAVEd program to PROGRAM 0 for editing EDIT The EDIT command is used to copy the currently selected program in the program file to PROGRAM 0 for editing EDIT executes a NEW command before copying the program Select a program from the program file with the PROGRAM command The original program will still be stored in the program file To delete the original program use DELPRM gt PRM1 PRM1 READY gt LIST 10 REM EDIT Command Example 20 FOR X 1TO5 30 PRINT1 HELLO 40 NEXT X PRM1 READY gt EDIT PRMO READY gt LIST 10 REM EDIT Command Example 20 FOR X 1TO5 30 PRINT1 HELLO 40 NEXT X PRMO READY gt 20 FOR X 1 TO 10 gt LIST 10 REM EDIT Command Example 20 FOR X 1 TO 10 30 PRINT1 HELLO 40 NEXT X SYSTEM COMMANDS 3 9 ERASE Function Syntax Usage Example 3 10 Delete a range of line numbers in the program ERASE starting line number ending line number The ERASE command is used to remove the program lines from starting line number to ending line number We recommend backing up the program to disk or saving a copy in the program file prior to making major program chang
118. t output module in slot 1 First module slot REM 0 This program is compatible with the REM 305 OPTO or 305 CPU SETPORT 1 9600 N 8 1 SETPORT 2 9600 N 8 1 N M STRING 2551 254 SETINPUT 1 1 0 0 100 10 REM Build and send power up reset command to Bridge CPU 1 01A GOSUB 2000 REM Build and send the command to turn ON 16 outputs 0 01K GOSUB 2000 REM Build and send the string to turn OFF 16 outputs 0 01L GOSUB 2000 END REM Send OPTOMUX command 1 and get response 2 REM REM Calculate checksum for command string ERRCHK 1 1 K LEN 1 3 REM Add the checksum to the command string 1 1 HEX DBY 25 1 PRINT1 COMMAND gt 0 PRINT2 gt 0 INPUT2 2 PRINT1 RECEIVED gt 2 IF 2 lt gt A THEN ERR NOT 0 ELSE ERR 0 RETURN STATEMENTS Longitudinal Redundancy Check is used in a large number of protocols because it is both 110 120 130 140 150 160 175 190 200 220 230 240 250 290 310 330 350 360 380 390 400 420 460 480 490 500 550 560 more reliable than a simple check sum and easy to implement ERRCHK type LRC is compatible with Tl s HOSTLINK GE s CCM2 and TI s DYNAMIC RTU protocols REM The following example is used to calculate the LRC for REM a HOSTLINK message that will write to registers REM 400 461 The program requires a cable from Port 2 REM of the ASCII BASIC module to the 335 CPU REM SETPORT 1 9600 N 8 1
119. t 50 PRINT1 1 5 1 gt 60 RETURN gt RUN 12345 READY gt NESTED SUBROUTINE gt 10 FOR l 1 5 GOSUB 50 gt 20 NEXT 1 END gt 30 A I l gt 40 RETURN gt 50 GOSUB 30 PRINT1 I SPC 1 A SPC 1 gt 60 RETURN gt RUN 112439416525 READY gt STATEMENTS 4 37 3 4 4 38 Premature exit from a subroutine without CLEAR S gt 10 GOSUB 20 gt 20 1 1 1 IF 1 100 THEN END gt 30 GOTO 10 gt RUN ERROR CONTROL STACK OVERFLOW IN LINE 20 READY P I 52 Premature exit from a subroutine using CLEAR S gt 10 GOSUB 20 gt 20 1 1 1 IF 1 100 THEN END gt 30 CLEAR S GOTO 10 gt RUN READY P I 100 STATEMENTS GOTO Flow Control Function Transfers execution to the specified program line number Syntax GOTO ine number See Also GO PROGRAM GOSUB Usage The GOTO statement will cause BASIC to transfer control directly to the program line specified by line number If the line number does not exist the message ERROR INVALID LINE NUMBER will be generated If the GOTO statement is executed in the COMMAND mode BASIC does not perform the equivalent to the CLEAR statement Instead control is transferred to the specified program line with the values of all variables and the status of interrupts unchanged If GOTO is executed in the COMMAND mode after a line has been edited all variables are set to zero and all interrupts are disabled Example 10 DEBU
120. t the end of string marker 85 L LEN 0 4 90 PRINT1 USING L 0 100 ASC 0 1 0 105 PRINT1 Normal PRINT won t print a null character 110 PRINT1 0 120 PRINT1 Formatted String PRINTing will 121 PRINT1 USING 3 0 gt RUN 0123456789 PRINT a portion of a string 01234 BASIC marks string end with a 13 ABC PRINT past the end of string marker ABC 56789 Normal PRINT statement won t print a null character Formatted String PRINTing will BC STATEMENTS 4 109 VAL String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 1 Example 2 4 110 VAL returns the numeric equivalent of a string expression string variable VAL string expression STR VAL converts string expression into an equivalent number If string expression contains nonnumeric characters then VAL returns the number up to the point of the nonnumeric character If string expression begins with a nonnumeric character then VAL returns O 10 INPUT1 Please enter SETPOINT 1 0 20 IF VAL 0 gt 0 AND VAL 0 lt 4096 GOTO 50 30 PRINT Setpoint must be in the range 0 to 4095 40 GOTO 10 50 SP1 VAL 0 10 0 M1 X23 4Y6 8Z1 2 20 XPOS INSTR 0 X 1 30 YPOS INSTR 0 Y 4 1 40 ZPOS INSTR 0 Z 1 50 X VAL MID 0 XPOS 60 Y VAL MID 0 YPOS 70 Z VAL MID 0 ZPOS 80 PRINT1 X Y Z 23 4 6 8 1 2 READY gt RUN 160 23 160 23 READY gt STATEMENTS WORD Advanced Op
121. tains a statement Multiple statements may be entered on a single line if separated by a colon Execution of program lines is deferred until the module is instructed to run a program See AUTOSTART RUN GOTO GO PROGRAM A program line may contain no more than 79 characters Program lines need not be entered in numerical order because BASIC will use the line numbers to order the program lines sequentially A program line number can only be used once in a program and only one line number is permitted on each program line NOTE If the same line number is entered multiple times then the last one entered will overwrite the previous one Spaces blanks entered in program lines between instructions operators variables expressions and numbers are ignored by BASIC however BASIC automatically inserts spaces during a LIST in order to improve the appearance and readability of the program Program lines begin with a number in the range of 0 to 65535 and are terminated with a carriage return GETTING STARTED WITH FACTS EXTENDED BASIC 2 5 Floating Point Numbers 1 2 Floating point numbers range from E 127 to 99999999E 127 Floating point numbers may be input and output using two different notations A Fractional Floating Point 93 65 B Exponential Floating Point 39 6537E 6 BASIC rounds floating point numbers to eight significant digits Each floating point number requires six bytes of memory for storage Integer
122. ted by the PHO and PH1 statements are truncated to an integer If the number to be printed is not within the range of a valid integer 0 65535 inclusive then BASIC will default to the PRINT statement format of output gt 5 FOR l 1 TO 2 gt 10 INPUT HEXADECIMAL NUMBER H gt 20 PRINT1 H gt 30 INPUT DECIMAL NUMBER D gt 40 PHO D PH1 D 245 PRINT gt 50 NEXT I gt RUN HEXADECIMAL NUMBER 0A5H 165 DECIMAL NUMBER 250 FAH OOFAH HEXADECIMAL NUMBER 32H 50 DECIMAL NUMBER 257 101H 0101H STATEMENTS PICK Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Operates on 16 bit integers on a byte nibble or bit basis PICK variable portion expression variable PICK expression portion BITS The PICK instruction assigns the value of expression to the specified portion of a numeric variable Only the specified portion of the variable is affected by PICK All other bits remain unchanged If the value of expression will not fit into the specified portion of the variable then a BAD ARGUMENT error will occur The PICK operator returns the specified portion of expression and assigns it to a numeric variable PICK returns true OFFFFH and false 0 bit values for use in relational expressions portion may specify a bit position a nibble group of 4 bits a byte group of 8 bits or a word all 16 bits Use B n to specify one of 16 bit positions where n 0 15 Use N n to sp
123. ternal device For instance this could be the CTS or DSR input of a DTE device gt REM Stop the external device from transmitting gt DTR1 0 gt Enable the device to transmit gt DTR1 1 Prevent over flow of the type a head buffer gt IF INLEN1 gt 127 THEN DTR1 0 ELSE DTR1 1 STATEMENTS 4 27 END Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 28 Halt program execution END STOP The END statement is used to halt execution of a BASIC program The continue command CONT will not function if the END statement is used to terminate program execution BASIC will automatically terminate the program after executing the last program line REM Run the program in data memory on power up AUTOSTART 1 0 9600 Mode 1 RUN CLEAR Program 0 Baud 9600 READY gt gt 05 REM Prevent access to program and data by gt 06 REM unauthorized personnel gt 10 LOCKOUT 1 gt 15 0 For my eyes only REM Password gt 17 REM Set INPUT time outs to 2 seconds gt 20 SETINPUT 1 1 0 LEN 0 2000 2000 gt 30 INPUT 1 gt 40 CHAR 0 gt 50 DO gt 60 CHAR CHAR 1 gt 70 IF LEN 0 CHAR 1 THEN LOCKOUT 0 END gt 80 WHILE MID 0 CHAR 1 UCASE MID 1 CHAR 1 gt 90 REM Stop program if INPUT matches password else gt 100 REM continue main program begins here STATEMENTS ERRCHK Miscellaneous Function Syntax See Also Usage Error check a string or a block of ABM
124. terrupt main program to INPUT data for our RA INLEN120 ONPORT 1 1070 GOTO 1240 REM Execute main program REM Turn OFF echo INPUT all ASCII no term character REM Maximum data block size 254 bytes REM Wait forever for first character REM INPUT data until space between chars gt 1 char time SETINPUT 1 1 0 0 0 11 9 600 REM Input the data block from the Master Station INPUT1 0 GOSUB 1230 REM Process the data from the Master REM If broadcast address then do not respond IF ASC 0 1 255 THEN GOTO 1190 REM Send response to Master Station here PRINT1 CHR 1 CHR 6 CHR RA REM An REM Interrupt main program to INPUT data for our RA ONPORT 1 1070 RETI REM Return to main program RETURN REM Nothing to process in this example REM Begin Main Program Loop DO REM Nothing UNTIL 120 STATEMENTS 1000 1020 1030 1040 1050 1052 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160 1162 1170 Master Station RA 1 REM Enable AAR and establish our remote address SETPORT 1 9600 A RA 8 1 N M SETPORT 2 9600 N 8 1 REM With AAR enabled the first byte of a PRINT REM statement will have the 9th bit set This is slave REM station address The data block may be printable REM ASCII or hexadecimal ASCII PRINT1 CHR 2 Message for station 2 only STA 2 GOSUB 1120 REM Get ACK from slave 2 PRINT1 CHR 3 Message for station 3 only STA 3 GOSUB 1120 REM Get ACK from slave 3 PRINT1 CHR 255
125. umber of bytes to write in the PGM statement Low Byte Number of bytes to write in the PGM statement High Byte Turn ON or OFF CRC 16 Error Checking DBY 41 NOT 0 COMMAND 2 DBY 41 0 COMMAND 1 Fractional portion of TIME STATEMENTS 4 21 DELAY Miscellaneous Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 22 Insert a pause DELAY msec ONTIME TIME msec is an expression indicating the number of milliseconds Extended BASIC should pause before executing the next statement Using DELAY rather than software do nothing loops results in programs that run appropriately on future hardware which will have clock speeds greater than currently possible 10 PRINT Are you awake 20 DELAY 10 REM Pause 10 msec for a response 30 IF INLEN2 0 THEN GOTO 60 40 PRINT1 The device on port 2 is alive 50 END 60 PRINT1 The device on port 2 is asleep 70 END STATEMENTS DIM Memory Management Function Syntax Usage Example Allocates memory for numeric arrays DIM var expr var expr DIM declares non string array variables and allocates space in data memory for their storage expr specifies the number of elements or subscripts in the array and must be less than 255 BASIC arrays must be one dimensional To implement a two dimensional array see DOUBLE SUBSCRIPT ARRAYS in the the GETTING STARTED chapter The DIM statement can appear anywhere in the program except before a STRING statement Attempting to re dime
126. up to MTOP as shown in the following example Example gt STRING 21 9 Allocate memory for two nine character strings gt 0 ONE gt 1 TWO gt PRINT CHR BYTE WORD 104H gt PRINT CHR BYTE 1 WORD 104H 9 1 T 8 4 ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS WITH AUTOMATIC CRC 16 Cyclic redundancy check CRC is a reliable means of checking for communication errors A CRC algorithm is much more effective than parity and sum checking algorithms FACTS Extended BASIC uses a 16 bit CRC and is thus referred to as CRC 16 This CRC implementation may be configured to communicate with other devices which implement a 16 bit CRC such as Modbus RTU protocol CRC Operation The transmitting device generates two CRC 16 characters for each transmission and adds those characters to the end of the transmission The receiving device then calculates the CRC 16 on the incoming data and verifies that the result is the same as the actual CRC 16 characters received The CRC 16 function requires that both the transmitting and receiving devices use the same CRC algorithm use the same initial remainder and transmit the CRC characters in the same order The CRC function is enabled and disabled as shown below 10 SYSTEM 2 NOT 0 REM Enable the CRC function 10 SYSTEM 2 0 REM Disable the CRC function Transmitting with CRC When the CRC function is enabled BASIC calculates two CRC 16 characters for each PRINT statement Every character transmitted by any one
127. ut to 7 significant digits expression must be between 20000 and 200000 Example PRINT SIN O PRINT SIN 60 3 14 180 0 8657599 4 92 STATEMENTS SPC Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Used in PRINT statement to output a number of spaces PRINT SPC number PRINT CR TAB USING Line Column number is an expression which specifies the number of space characters to print 0 255 SPC is used to place additional spaces between values output by the PRINT statement 10 0 TEMPERATURE 15 1 PRESSURE 20 PRINT1 0 SPC 4 1 30 T POS LEN 0 2 3 40 P_POS LEN 0 4 LEN 1 2 3 50 PRINT1 USING SPC T_POS A SPC P_POS B TEMPERATURE PRESSURE 0 0 STATEMENTS 4 93 SQR Mathematical Operator Function Syntax Usage Example 4 94 Return the square root of expression SQR expression Returns the square root of expression expression may not be less than zero The result returned will be accurate to within or a value of 5 on the least significant digit PRINT SQR 9 PRINT SQR 45 PRINT SQR 100 3 6 7082035 10 STATEMENTS STOP Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Suspend program execution STOP END CONT STOP is used to halt program execution After program execution has been stopped variables can be displayed and modified Program execution may be resumed where it has stopped with the CONT command The STOP statement allo
128. value of the 10th element in the specified look up table is TBL 9 S405 _ STRADDR 9 The 10th element in the table is at V Memory octal address V1411 STATEMENTS 4 63 ON GOSUB Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example 4 64 Call subroutine beginning at one of several possible line numbers ON expression GOSUB ine number line number ON GOTO expression selects the beginning ine number for a subroutine call If expression evaluates to zero then execution continues at the program line specified by the first ine number in the list After a RETURN statement is executed in the subroutine execution resumes with the statement following the ON GOSUB If the value of expression is greater than or equal to the number of ine numbers in the list then the BAD SYNTAX error message will be generated 10 IF MODEL lt 0 OR MODEL gt 3 THEN GOSUB 100 20 ON MODEL GOSUB 1000 2000 3000 4000 100 REM Subroutine to enter model number 150 RETURN 1000 REM Build array tables for manufacturing MODEL 0 1999 RETURN 2000 REM Build array tables for testing MODEL 1 2999 RETURN 3000 REM Build array tables for monitoring MODEL 2 3999 RETURN 4000 REM Build array tables for building MODEL 3 4999 RETURN STATEMENTS ON GOTO Flow Control Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Jump to one of several possible line numbers ON expression GOTO line number line number ON GOSUB expression selects the program
129. ws for easy program debugging gt 10 FOR I 0 TO 9 D I I NEXT 15 STOP gt 20 FOR I 0 TO 9 PRINT1 D I SPC 1 NEXT gt RUN STOP IN LINE 20 READY I 5 TO 9 P D I NEXT 56789 gt D 9 0 gt CONT 0123456780 READY gt STATEMENTS 4 95 STOREQ or ST Advanced Operator Function Stores a six byte floating point number at specified memory address Syntax STOREQ adaress See Also BYTE WORD LOAD Usage STORE allows the user to store floating point numbers anywhere in data memory address is the highest memory location where the number is to be stored The number to be stored must first be put on the argument stack with the PUSH statement Example See CHAPTER 9 ADVANCED 4 96 STATEMENTS STR String Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage Example STR returns the string equivalent of a mathematical expression string variable STR mathematical expression VAL STR converts mathematical expression into an equivalent decimal string which is assigned to string variable P STR 123 4 123 4 P STR 002 002 STR 3 1415926 10 6 0000031415926 P STR 80H 128 P STR 12 E10 120000000000 STATEMENTS 4 97 STRING Memory Management Function Syntax Usage Example Special 4 98 Allocate memory for string storage STRING total length STRING allocates memory for alphanumeric string variables much the same way as the
130. x length 20 INPUT Please enter a string 0 30 PRINT1 The length of the string is _LEN 0 gt RUN Please enter a string OK ASTRING The length of the string is 12 READY gt 0 ABCDEFGHIJK gt LEN LEFT 0 INSTR 0 E 5 READY gt STATEMENTS LET Miscellaneous Function LET assigns the value of an expression to a variable Syntax LET variable expression Usage expression is a numeric or string expression whose value is assigned to variable The key word LET is optional Example 10 STRING 2551 254 15 123 4 10 20 0 30 1 TWO 40 2 0 1 THREE 50 3 CHR 38 FOUR 60 PRINT CHR 34 2 3 CHR 34 A gt RUN ONETWOTHREE amp FOUR 1234 The following statement is also valid 60 PRINT1 CHR 34 2 3 CHR 34 A 10 STRING 2551 254 20 FOR COUNT 1 TO 50 30 0 0 40 NEXT COUNT 50 PRINT1 0 60 PRINT1 PRINT1 SPC 21 HEADER 70 PRINT1 PRINT1 0 gt RUN kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk HEADER kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk STATEMENTS 4 55 LOAD or LD Advanced Operator Function Syntax See Also Usage 4 56 Retrieves a six byte floating point number from memory LOAD address BYTE STORE WORD LOAD allows the user to retrieve floating point numbers stored in data memory with the STORE statement address is the highest memory loc
131. xecutable in the COMMAND mode maybe useful in certain applications If a computer is used to load programs into the ASCII BASIC module REM statements without line numbers could be included in the computers version of the program yet would not appear in the BASIC module s program This would permit the master program to be self documenting without consuming memory space in the target system ABM Commander Plus carries this concept a step further by optionally down loading programs with all remarks in the program removed Program lines which begin with a remark are reduced to just the line number and REM so that these line numbers can still be used in GOTO and GOSUB statements gt 10 REM Output the code 220 PRINT1 CD gt 30 IF INLEN2 0 THEN GOTO 30 REM Wait for input STATEMENTS RESTORE Input Output Function Syntax See Also Usage Example Allows DATA statement constant values to be READ again RESTORE DATA READ RESTORE positions the pointer used by READ back to the beginning of DATA Following RESTORE the next READ variable will be assigned the value of the first expression in the first DATA statement in the program 10 REM Use DATA READ RESTORE 11 REM to define a pseudo function 20 REM Function s arg is passed to function in WRD 30 WRD 4598 40 RESTORE READ MSB LSB 50 PRINT Register pair 413 412 is MSB LSB 60 WRD 248 70 RESTORE READ HIGH LOW 80 PRINT Two most significant BCD digits are H
132. xecution of a specified program Execute a subroutine Transfers execution to the specified program line number Conditional execution of statements Force program execution Call subroutine beginning at one of several possible line numbers Jump to one of several possible line numbers Specify program line to go to if an arithmetic error occurs Mark the end of a subroutine Suspend program execution 13 1 Input Output BIT S CR DATA INLEN INPLEN INPUT PHO PH1 PICK PRINT POP PUSH READ RESTORE SETINPUT SETPORT SPC TAB USING Interrupts CLEAR I IDLE ONPORT ONTIME RETI TIME Decode PLC inputs and encode PLC outputs Used in PRINT statement to output a carriage return Specifies expressions for READ statements Returns number of characters waiting in an input buffer or Clears the specified type a head input buffer Returns the number of characters INPUT Loads variables with data from Port 1 2 or 3 Prints 2 and 4 digit hexadecimal numbers Operate on 16 Bit integers on a byte nibble or bit basis Transmits data out of the specified serial port Retrieves a value off the stack Places a value on the stack Assigns DATA statement constant values to variables Allows DATA statement constant values to be READ again Configure the INPUT statement INPUT LINE INPUT INPUT amp more Configure a communications port Used in PRINT statement to output a number of spaces Used in PRINT statement to specif
133. y print position Formats PRINTed values and strings Cursor positioning using ANSI escape sequence Disable program interrupts Suspend program execution until interrupt Specifies the beginning line number for serial port event handling Time based interrupt of normal program flow Mark the end of an interrupt handling subroutine Sets and retrieves the software timer value controlled by CLOCK Mathematical Operators ABS INT SGN SQR LOG EXP SIN COS TAN ATN RND 13 2 Returns the absolute value of an expression Returns the integer portion of an expression Returns 1 if an expression is greater than zero zero if an expression is equal to zero and 1 if an expression is less than zero Returns the square root of an expression Returns the natural logarithm of an expression Raises the number e 2 7182818 to the power of an expression Returns the sine of an expression Returns the cosine of an expression Returns the tangent of an expression Returns the arctangent of an expression Returns a pseudo random number in between 0 and 1 inclusive SUMMARY OF STATEMENTS AND OPERATORS Memory Management CLEAR Erase variable memory COPY Copy a block of ABM memory DIM Allocates memory for numeric arrays LOF Returns the size of the currently selected program STRING Allocate memory for string storage Miscellaneous DELAY Insert a pause DTR Control output of hardware handshaking line ERRCHK Generate Checksum LRC or C

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