SPARK MOD
Contents
1. ATE 6 06 03 AGE 32 of 40 A FINMECC ius Power density loaded conf New struct Dissipator Selected cell Input par 1 Laser beam par Modify PV 2 Modify uW 2 PWR warn Modify laser 2 PI altitude ser qactrieinee New struct pl ei i aser Mass top Selected conc New project Cluster Path uW beam par This VI writes in a file the Input and Output Data for the Pv laser platform configuration 27 Output Data5 Output data5 vi Dissipator Cluster New struct pl Selected cell 2 Path Input par 1 Laser beam par PWR warn Orbital parameters PI altitude Mass loaded conf New project Area New struct uW beam par Power density Modify uW 2 Modify laser gen 2 Modify cell laser 2 Stop 2 This VI writes in a file the Input and Output Data for the dierct pumped laser platform configuration N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 28 Pesi_Pv Laser Pesi_Pv Laser v1 trans area m 2 laser diss mass ton cell area m 2 cell unit mass kg m 2 conc area m Laser pwr conc unit mass kg m 2 Laser unit mass kg w cell diss mass ton struct mass DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SoE 2 PAGE 33 of 40 PV mass ton Laser massiton total mass ton This VI calculate the mass of PV and laser sections in the PV laser configuration e cell area m 2 e laser diss mass ton e trans area m 2 e struct mass e cell diss mass ton e Laser unit mass kg w e conc unit mas2. In the present manual the following convention are assumed in bold the names of input and output files in italic the titles of the dialog windows in courier the labels of the input and output fields The SPARK MODEL program has been developed with the software LABVIEW 5 1 of National Instruments with the operating system Windows NT the program has been successfully tested also with Windows 2000 and Windows 98 The program has a graphical user interface optimised following ESA request for a screen resolution of 1024x768 pixels To employ all the options of the SPARK MODEL program it is required to have installed the STK 4 3 program from AGI available freely for the research institutions AGI suggests for the installation and execution of STK a minimum disk space of 300MB and 128MB of RAM but for the present application a Pentium HI with 8300MHz clock and 256MB RAM is a minimum suggested requirement For any question and problem about STK contact support stk com or visit www stk com web page Warning the SPARK MODEL program reads the paths of the executable file of STK and of the report files folder from a text file called path txt you should edit this file writing the right paths for your system e g C Program files AGI stk 4 3 bin4 3 stk exe and C stk user1 The input data for the calculation performed by SPARK MODEL program are stored in ASCII files filename txt and reflect the present technological knowledge for the various elements e
3. diss mass Mirror mass if mirrors are used Plaser Max pwr mirror unit mass Kg m DOC SD MA AI 0013 40 Laser gen sat mass laser mass Laser diss Mass Mirror mass Struct laser mass Laser diss Mass Mirr mass cell diss mass cell Pincell Celldiss uW diss mass DC to uw PinuW uWdiss 15 Load_conf load_conf vi Old conc PV old diss par loaded conf old laser gen Old cell laser old laser trans old pwr meas unit file path dialog if empty L old pwr gen old pl alt Old struct old trans Old struct pl old cell old power Old orbit old app old uW This vi loads last saved configuration data Atmosphere New project Pwr loss table path Path Cell conc eff Loss table DC to uw Rec coll eff DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAlenia SUE 3 spazio SPARK MOD pate smem A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 27 of 40 17 Loss_table2 loss_table2 v1 Atmosphere Laser to DC eff PV array coll eff Pwr loss table New project Path Cellt conc eff loss table path DC_to_Laser This VI writes in a file the power percentage lost in every step for the PV laser configuration 18 Loss_table3 loss_table3 v1 Atmosphere PV array coll eff Sun to laser Path New project Pwr Laser to DC eff This VI writes in a file the power percentage lost in every step for the Direct pumped laser configuration loss table loss table path 19 Loss_table4 loss_table4 v1 Rec c
4. None 7 H 0000 Concentration ratio El amn Moss Bo ase enter a valid egin of life efficency value PY cell type BOL Efficency NASA radiator values Operating temperature K Mass kg m 2 Transmission m E Integrated concentrators i i o o DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAI I Atentia SPARKMOD 2 5 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 11 of 40 m is correct PY cell type m is correct Custom Custom conversion efficiency i Maximum power density W m 2 DC to pW cony NASA radiator values alla afm ddl fc E conversion efficiency T S ja mass kg kW o A transmission frequency GHz 2 45 84 EJ W beam captured at the rectenna Additional information A With Space to platform application and laser power generation m is correct nput is correct PY cell type Custom Custom X Laser type Conversion efficiency E 0 0 0000 Wavelength 840 890 nm beam percentage captured at destination aB Maximum power at transmission dish m2 1500 Unit mass kg W i i DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAI I Atentia SPARKMOD 2o PAGE 12 of 40 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY ew DC to pW cony Custom NASA radiator values a A EET mo DTT T conversion efficiency 1 oo Ja mass kg kW
5. S 2 PAGE 14 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY Fig 7 1 program routines DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SSF 2 ien PAGE 15 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY NO YES general call stk configuration pe Stctpar NO PV param a Select cell f PF ssc Uw lt u Select UW laser gparam NO YES STOP GEN PV LASER Select cell 2 cell area Teone _ Laser gen area PVW mass loss table 3 YES lt Modity gt loss table 1 NO YES YES lt Mosily gt NO Fig 7 2 a program flow direct pumped laser and PV uW configurations DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S F 2 ien PAGE 16 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY i LASER Select cell 1 PY area 2 To PV Param see first page pwr dens A To start screeen see first page out data 2 A save conf loss table 2 pei O YES N N O Fig 7 2 b program flow PV Laser configuration DO SPARK MOD oF 2 PAGE 17 of 40 a Select cell f Da O SD MA AI 0013 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY y a rg ro lt ro R i LASER laser param laser g param Select cell 1 Select cell 1 Microw Param Microw Param cell area stp Laser gen StP PV area PV area trans area trans area recten area recten area PV L mass PV 4W mass PV UW mass pwr d
6. Sun to DC eff fract PV cells efficiency cell e cell area m 2 space PV cells area e conc area m 2 concentrators area e Pant W RF power e cell dissipator mass ton PV section dissipators mass e antenna dissipator mass ton RF section dissipators mass Ptrasm Po n antenna atm conv RFtoDC Cable RF to DC 0 89 Cable 0 92 Antenna 0 98 Suptot Ptrasm cell 1350 Pant Suptot 1350 cell n Cable antenna Pinant Suptot 1350 cell Cable uWdiss 10 2 94 0 00624 uWT 2 4e 6 uWT2 Celldiss 10 2 94 0 00624 CellT 2 4e 6 CellT 2 37 Laser Cell Surface Area Superficie celle laser v1 Cell temp laser to DC conv eff fract cell area m 2 CONC cone areal m N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY Po W conc laser to DC conv eff fract Cell temp conc ratio diss mass atm trans fract DC to laser conv eff fract rectenna coll eff fract Diss capability sun to DC fract cell area m 2 conc area m 2 Pout_celle W laser pwr W laser dissipator area cell diss mass ton laser diss mass ton DOC ISSUE 2 SPARK MOD DATE 6 06 03 PAGE 38 of Power required at end user Po Use of concentrator ground laser to DC conversion efficiency lasertoDC PV cells operative temperature CellT concentrationr ratio laser dissipator mass area Atmosphere efficiency loss atm Laser efficiency n ground station geometric collection efficiency conv max laser optic
7. g photovoltaic cells This data format allows the user to keep updated these files with the new technological improvements Warning after any modification these files should be stored in the same directory they were before and with the same name and structure data fields are separated with tab 2 STARTING THE PROGRAM eK You can start the SPARK MODEL program double clicking on its icon The program displays a main window and several dialog windows used to get input parameters and output the results of calculation In the almost every window there are two round buttons clicking on the green one you proceed with the calculations with the red one you quit the program In the input windows to the right of every data filed you can see a small grey button with a question mark L clicking on it you can read a brief description of the command After a welcome screen the program asks you if you want to open an old project or to create a new one To select the files the standard Save as and Open dialog windows are used The projects are stored in ASCII files with the spark extension e g projectname spark Each time the program is executed three files are generated e the project with the spark extension by default which stores all the input data e the output file the string _output dat is added to the project name e g projectname_output dat which stores the relevant input and the output data e the loss table file the string _
8. modify several parameters 34 Select cell select_cell_laser vi Op temp 2 Band Max pwr 2 old cell BOL eff 2 selected cell Mass 2 Whit this VI the user can select a PV cell type for laser acquisition from a database and manually modify several parameters 35 Select Concentrator select conc dati file vi Conc ratio Transmission Mass conc selected concentrator old conc e Whit this VI the user can select a concentrator type from a database and manually modify several parameters 36 Cell area Superficie celle Dt output rapp_conc mod vi DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S 2 PAGE 37 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY Nasa diss cell area m 2 conc cone area m 2 Po W Pant W Sun to DC effifract Cell T rectenna coll eff fract uW gen eff fract atm trans fract uW temp conc ratio cell dissipator massiton antenna dissipator massiton This VI calculates the PV area for PV uw configuration and the dissipators mass e Po W Power required at end user Po e conc Use of concentrator e Nasa diss NASA value for RF section operative temperature e conc ratio concentration ratio e uW temp uw generator operative temperature uwwT e atm trans fract Atmosphere efficiency loss atm e uW gen eff fract uw generation efficiency n e rectenna coll eff fract rectenna geometric collection efficiency conv e Cell T PV cells operative temperature CellT e
9. of 40 the PV efficiency increases of about 2 for each decade of concentrion ratio then the overall efficiency is degraded due the concentrator efficiency 8 Ground PV area Ground PV_area vi Maxpwr cell Coll eff Laser PWR laser trans area Atm trans fr Pwr warning MAXpwr PV area Wavelength PV radius m Elevation Distance This VI calculates the area of the ground PV array for laser power transmission e Laser PWR Laser generated power DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD ScE 2 PAGE 22 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY e Coll eff geometric collection efficiency eta e Maxpwr cell max power density allowed by selected PV cell e Distance distance Dist e Elevation elevation angle E e Wavelenght wavelenght selection 0 gt 865 nm L 131 03 um L e MAXpwr Max power density allowed by laser optics e Atm trans fr atmospheric effciency loss e laser trans area laser transmitting area At e Pwr warning alert that the peak power density is greater than the maximum allowed by selected ground Pvcells the fpcos spot at receiver is then enlarged e PV area ground PV area e PV radius m ground PV area radius Rec Tau sqrt In 1 1 eta Ar tau L Dist At Dr Sqrt Ar z Rec Dist sin atan Dr Dist sin E atan Dr Dist PV area x Rec 9 GW MW kW GW_ MW kW vi meas unit multiplier This VI converts a power expressedn in W kW MW or GW into W 10 kg_t
10. on transmitti RF power density denspot e Pwr on rectenna W Power at rectenna Psurec e Trans area m 2 Transmitting area A denspot n 1 n 5 67 T 10 5 67 10 is the stefan Boltzmann constant A Pant denspot De sqrt 4 A m Psurec 0 98 atm Pant 0 98 beam forming antenna efficiency 6 recten area diametro della rectenna_mod vi coll eff fract trans diam km f GHz Distance km Elevation rect area m 2 Thi Vl calculates the rectenna area e trans diam km transmitting source diameter D e coll eff fract geometric collection efficiency eta e Elevation elevation angle E e Distance km distance D e f GHz2 frequency e rect area m 2 rectenna area tau sqrt ln 1 l eta Dr 4 L D tau 3 1416 Dt 1000 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY SPARK MOD rec D sin atan Dr D sin E atan Dr D D L wave length 3 10 f Dt spacetenna diameter Dr Rectenna Diameter 7 Cell concef eff con eff nota_mod vi wake cel eff trasm Eff fract Cone ratio Thi Vi calculates the efficency of the array formed by PY cells and concentrators e celeff cell efficiency eff e Conc ratio concentration ratio e trasm Eff fract concentrator effciency e PV eff fract cells concentrators efficiency ndec log Conc ratio PV eff eff 0 02 ndec trasm Eff DOC ISSUE DATE PAGE SD MA AI 0013 2 6 06 03 21
11. C SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD Sour 2 oo PAGE 13 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY using the little up and down arrow buttons In the right part there are the grouped output values masses and surfaces of the elements of the SSP and power density on the receiving station In all the output windows are also present some buttons for saving and printing functions for the program management Save project as allows to save the project with a user chosen file name and path Save out as allows to save the output data with a user chosen file name and path Save loss as allows to save the loss table output with a user chosen file name and path Print output allows to print the output data using notepad program Print loss same as before for the loss table View loss shows on the screen the loss table In the different windows some buttons labelled Modify allow you to recalculate output changing only the selected device e g Modify uW allows to modify the characteristics of the microwave generator Restart button allows you to restart the program with a new project Quit button has the obvious meaning 7 PROGRAM AND ROUTINES DESCRIPTION This section presents the program and main routines definition in terms of inputs outputs and their functional relationships Fig 7 1 presents the program routines while Fig 7 2 a b c contains the program logical flow DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD
12. DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD Sor 2 PAGE 1 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY DOCUMENT TYPE MANUAL TITLE SPARKMOD USER MANUAL DRL Item or D R D No SIGNATURE AND APPROVALS ON ORIGINAL PREPARED M Leccardi M Taj CHECKED D Panzieri APPROVED AUTHORIZED APPROVALS Study Manager G C Cassisa DATA MANAGEMENT All information contained in this document is property of ALENIA SPAZIO S p A All rights reserved ALENIA SPAZIO S p A A Finmeccanica Company Turin Plant Strada Antica di Collegno 253 10146 Turin Italy N Al DOC SD MA AI 0013 enla a O SPARK MOD ny i SPAZIO 3 A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 2 of 40 DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD ISSUE DATE REASON FOR CHANGE AFFECTED PARAGRAPHS First 26 03 03 2 22 05 03 Additional paragraph 7 DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S 2 ien PAGE 3 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 STARTING THE PROGRAM 3 THE MAIN WINDOW 4 USING STK 5 SELECTING THE DATA 6 THE OUTPUT WINDOW 7 PROGRAM AND ROUTINES DESCRIPTION DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S 2 PAGE 4 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 1 INTRODUCTION The SPARK MODEL program has been developed to evaluate and compute the main characteristics of a Space Solar Power system The software has been written for a user with some experience in the SSP issues
13. O DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAlenia SPARK mop a PAGE 9 of 40 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY m is correct PY cell type Custom z j BOL Efficency Mass kg m 2 ___NASA radiator values aiz Operating temperature K S Maximum power density W m 2 i Additional information When the microwave beam option is selected the following window appears f e is correct Custom X 2 DC to pW cony NASA radiator values operating temperature K 2 conversion efficiency mass kg kW GER if transmission frequency GHz W beam captured at the rectenna El j 84 2 Additional information EJ With laser power production and space to Earth or space to space application the following windows are displayed DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAI i enla SPARK MOD Sate 86 03 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 10 of 40 E ew PY cell type Custom E Custom Laser type Conversion efficiency E 0 H 0 0000 Wavelength 840 890 nm beam percentage captured at destination at Maximum power at transmission dish ts00 Unit mass kg W oa anz Operating temperature K E i a i i Additional information With Space to platform application and photovoltaic power generation rj nput is correct SELECT CONCENTRATOR 840 690 nmm v gt Oo Concentrator type l
14. PV section overall mass includes dissipators and concentrators RF section overall mass 30 Photovoltaic Parameters PV_param pop _up vi Transmission old cell Old_trans_laser old conc selected concentrator selected cell BOL Eff Eff Trasmissione Op temp 2 rapp conc Transmission beam cell mass Wavelength 2 conc mass Conc Whit this VI the user can select the power transmission system the cell and the concentrator NAlenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD Scr 2 PAGE 35 of 40 31 Photovoltaic parameters PV_Param_Stp vi old cell Old trans laser old cone selected concentrator selected cell BOL Eff Eff Trasmissione Op temp rapp conc cell mass Wavelength 2 conc mass Pres Conc With th s VI the user can select the values for PV cells Laser and concentrators in the Space to platform configuration 32 save conf save _conf vi New struct New struct pl P altitude new uw Path Gen laser Trans laser Gen conf loaded conf New project New cell new conc Orbit par New cell New diss Path amp conf This Vi saves into a file all input data N Al 5 DOC SD MA AI 0013 enla PaE SPARK MOD eens ae SPAZIO l A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 36 of 40 Mass 2 cell conc BOL eff 2 Op temp 2 old cell selected cell Whit this VI the user can selecta PV cell type for solar acquisition from a database and manually
15. R report The recorded reports are automatically renamed by the SPARK program with a progressive number that depends on the date of creation When the four values has been read the instruction window is automatically closed and you can also close STK J SELECTING THE DATA The program opens several different input windows according to the options selected in the main window With space to Earth or space to space application and photovoltaic power generation the following windows are displayed DOC SD MA AI 0013 N Alenia a SPAzIOo SPARK MOD se 6 06 03 A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 8 of 40 i select a cell type SELECT CONCENTRATOR SELECT CELL 1000 1060 nm fa In this window you can select the kind of beam used to transfer energy selecting laser you can also choose the wavelength band There are two bands matching two minima of atmospheric absorption Clicking on SELECT CELL and SELECT CONCENTRATOR the following windows are displayed lease enter a valid egin of life efficency value Concentrator type None bal 1 000 Concentration ratio 7 PY cell type BOL Efficency z NASA radiator values e Operating temperature K 2 Transmission 30 Mass kg m 2 E Integrated concentrators zl z Unit mass kg W 4 0 0000 z beam percentage captured at destination oa 2 Maximum power density at transmission dish W m 2 siso 2 PO
16. STK program e Access 2 access time days year e elevation 2 elevation angle with respetc to ground station e distance 2 max distance e Miuin distance 2 minimum distance o DOC SD MA AI 0013 N Alenia SPARK MOD S mie e DATE 6 06 03 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 30 of 40 23 Output Datal Output_datal vi Area Path DC _to_uW Orbital parameters Cell conc eff Beam par Input par 1 Mass Modify PV 2 Dissipator Modify uW 2 loaded conf Stop 2 Selected cell Selected conc New project Atmosphere New struct Rec coll eff Power density Output This VI writes in a file the Input and Output Data for the PV uw configuration 24 Output Data2 Output data2 vi Dissipator Laser to DC eff PY array coll eff Area Selected cell 2 en y DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAI I Atentia SPARKMOD SE 2 PAGE 31 of 40 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 25 Output Data3 Output data3 vi Orbital parameters Atmosphere Area Path Laser gen Sun to laser New struct Input par 1 loaded conf PWR warn New project Selected cell Dissipator Laser to DC eff Mass PV array coll eff Power density Modify laser 2 oa LI Stop 2 Ii Modify cell 2 26 Output l a l This VI writes in a file the Input and Output Data for the direct pumped laser configuration DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAlentia Orbital parameters SPAZ Selected cell 2 SSUE 2
17. a base the transmission laser type or manually input several parameter e Application type of application space to earth space to platform space to space e Old trans laser previously saved laser parameters array e Elevation elevation angle e Max pwr 2 Max power density allowed by optical system e gen laser eff Laser generation efficiency e atm trans fraz atmospheric absorption e laser mass mass per transmitted watt Kg W e collection efficiency fract ground geometric collection efficiency e Gen laser par Arrays of laser characteristics e Wavelenght2 wave length 14 N Alenia DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SS 260 A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 25 of 40 Lasergen_area_Stp Lasergen area Stp vi uW temp cell temp uW gen eff Laser mass kg w sat struct laser pwr WV Po W antenna output power sun to laser fract Sat area Diss capability Laser gen sat mass cell diss mass uW diss mass laser area laser coll eff fract laser to DCconv eff fract atm trans fract diss mass Nasa diss uW coll eff This Vi provides sizing for laser and uW sections in the space platform ground application Po W Sat Struct Laser mass kg w diss mass atm trans fract laser to DC conv eff fract Power required at end user Po Structural part percentage laser mass per generated watt thermal dissipator mass per area Kg m atmosphere efficiency loss atm Ground PV cells conver
18. ansmission section When each one of these steps has been completed the corresponding red led on the top left of the main window turns to green During the input process in the left part of the main window you can read the parameters you have already chosen 4 USING STK It this manual it is assumed you know how to use the STK program The SPARK MODEL program reads the access time the elevation angle and the distances from two output reports of STK In this chapter are listed only the tasks required to create these reports The same tasks are listed in the help window that appears when you click on the SELECT ORBIT button You have to create a scenario or to open one with one satellite and one facility The orbit of the satellite should be circular and should be computed over an year period to average the seasonal effects In the satellite lighting constraints select direct sun In the facility constraint dialog select the minimum elevation angle to avoid an excessive spreading of the beam on the receiving area Select the facility and compute access with the satellite Warning do not select the satellite and compute access with the facility because it would give a wrong value for the elevation angle Create the access report and the AER Azimuth Elevation Range report and save them in the folder written in the second line of path txt file in the data folder Warning use always the names access dat for the access report and dist dat for the AE
19. d with STK This window will be better described later The Radiator s parameters group includes three commands the Use default checkbox allows you to choose if you want to use default values for dissipator s characteristics or to manually input them The two parameters are Mass and Dissipation capability If the operating temperature of an element is known these values are ignored and the dissipation capability is calculated directly from the temperature itself The button SELECT SATELLITE S STRUCTURE opens a dialog window you can use to input the percentage in mass of the satellite due to three elements Support structure Power management and Orbital control DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD ScE 2 PAGE 7 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY i is corect Support structure a xi 5 0000 Power management 5 0000 Orbital control The button SELECT PLATFORM S STRUCTURE opens the same dialog window In this you can use it to input the percentage in mass of the platform due to the same three elements Platform altitude is the altitude over the sea level of the atmospheric platform This control together with the previous one is visible only if you select space to platform application The input process is split into three main sections 1 the general configuration that includes all the choices made within the main window 2 the power generation section 3 the power tr
20. dissipation capability PV section eficiency space PV cells area concentrators area space PV section output power Ptrasm laser emitted power Plaser PV section dissipators mass laser section dissipators mass Ptrasm Po n atm conv LasertoDC Cable Suptot Ptrasm cell 1350 Plaser Suptot 1350 cell n Cable Pinlaser Suptot 1350 cell Cable Celldiss 10 2 94 0 00624 CellT 2 4e 6 CellT 2 Cable 0 92 SD MA AI 0013 40 N o DOC SD MA AI 0013 Atenia SPARKMOD SF ce peal a ted PAGE 39 of 40 A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 38 Cell Surface Area superficie celle Stp vi cell laser temp Cell Temp DCtouW cell areafm 2 laser to DC conv eff cone area m 2 Po W cell diss massi ton Sun to DC laser diss mass ton Laser coll eff laser dissipator area m 2 DC to laser conv eff fract cell diss mass 2 ton conc uW diss mass ton cone ratio Pant Diss capability Laser PWR StP diss mass uW coll eff nasa diss uW temp This VI provides sizing for space PV in the PV laser platform configuration e Po W Power required at end user Po e laser to DC conv eff ground laser to DC conversion efficiency lasertoDC e DCtouW platform uw generation efficiency e Cell Temp PV cells operative temperature CellT e cell laser temp platform PV cells operative temperature e uW temp platform uw section operative temperature e nasa diss NASA operative temperature value e uW coll eff rectenna geometric collection efficiency e diss mas
21. ens pwr dens out data 5 out data 4 save conf save conf loss table 5 loss table 4 YES YE N P eE o NO To start screen NO see first page YES To start screen YES see first page a i i NO NO STOP Fig 7 2 c program flow space platform ground configuration DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S 2 PAGE 18 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY L Call_ STK call STK vi access Elevation max distance min distance This VI calls the external program STK that calculates the satellite orbit e access satellite access time day year e Elevation satellite elevation deg e max distance satellite max distance from ground receiving plant e min distance satellite min distance from ground receiving plant 2 Cm m km 2 cm m km 2 v1 Area Area m 2 meas unit cm m km 2 vi This VI converts an area expressed in Square meters into cm 2 orkm 2 according to the area value itself 3 freql onda da freq a lung d onda v1 f GHz E o d onda m This VI calculates the wavelength starting from the frequency e f Frequency e Lunghezza d onda Wave length 3 10 f Where 3 10 m sec C velocity of light DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD S 2 PAGE 19 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 4 pwrdens densita di potenza vi Rec area Trans eff fr wavelength Pwr W trans area m 2 Coll eff
22. fr Dist km Beam peak pwr density W m 2 PWR den This VI calculates the power density in the receiver center and the average power density at destination e Pwr W transmitted power P e Wavelength wavelenght L e Trans eff fr atmospheric efficiency loss e Rec area rectenna area e Beam in case laser is used defines the wavelenght 0 gt 865 nm 131 03 um e Dist km distance Km D e Coll eff fr geometric collection efficiency e trans area m 2 transmitting area A e peak pwr density W m 2 power density at rectenna center e PWR den vector including Average pwr density Peak pwr density 2 peak pwr density 2 peak radius Peak pwr density A P L D Trans eff Average power density Trans eff Coll eff P Rec area 2m peak pwr density peak pwr density 0 0175 2 peak radius 1 635 L D sqrt A x 5 trans area diametro ant trasm mod v1 Pant W Trans diameter km op temp K Pwr on rectenna W eff gen fraz power density on transmitti atm trans fract Trans area m This VI calculates the transmitting antenna area DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SoE 2 PAGE 20 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY e atm trans fract Atmospheric efficiency loss atm e eff gen fraz uw generation efficiency n e op temp K Operating temperature T Trans diameter km Transmitting area diameter D e power density
23. loss dat is added to the project name e g projectname_loss dat which stores the power lost in each step of the project If you create a new project the following dialog window is opened N Alenia SPAZIO DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD ScE 2 A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 5 of 40 fma Orbit Options nput is corect With the check box on the left USE STK you can choose if you want to input the orbital parameters for the solar power satellite or to use the STK program checked the parameters you can input are Access time day is the time in a year during which the satellite can deliver power to the ground station the time is expressed in days Elevation is the minimum elevation angle of the satellite seen from the ground station This angle should be greater than zero to avoid an excessive spreading of the beam on the receiving area it should not be too small Max distance km isthe maximum distance between the satellite and the ground station Min distance km is the minimum distance between the satellite and the ground station With the switch on the right labelled GEO OTHER ORBIT you can select a geostationary orbit in this case you can t modify the parameters or manually input all of them All these controls are visible only if you uncheck the USE STK checkbox The grey box on the top right displays error messages if the chosen values are not valid in this case your are not allowed to
24. o f transmission frequency GHz 2 45 2 W beam captured at the rectenna 84 Additional information In all these windows with the pop up menu you can select from different databases the device you want to use e g the cell type or if present select Custom and manually digit the data If you select a device from the database you can t modify the data If the data are not physically achievable e g efficiency greater than 100 the top right grey box displays an error message and you can t proceed in the input process until you write an allowed value In the bottom grey box you can read additional information about the device you selected or if you select Custom type you can write your own comments that will appear in the output file In some windows there is also a checkbox labelled NASA radiator values when checked the radiator specific mass from NASA Fresh Look April 4 1997 will be used in the following calculations otherwise the specific mass will be calculated from the chosen operating temperature 6 THE OUTPUT WINDOW INPUT Concent Microwave bea Orbital parameters Dissipator characterisitics S Alenia in TION WAvdsS SPAZIO A MNMECCANICA COMPANT There are five different output windows according to the chosen configuration all of them have the same structure In the left part are displayed all the input parameters grouped for device in each group you can scroll the lines and HATT DO
25. oll eff Atmosphere Pwr New project Path loss table path loss table DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SouF 2 PAGE 28 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 20 Loss_table5 loss_table5 v1 Atmosphere Pwr New project Path Laser eff PV array coll Laser to DC DC to uW Rec coll eff loss table path loss table This VI writes in a file the power percentage lost in every step for the dierct pumped laser platform configuration 2i Microwave Parameters Microwave _ param dati file vi DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SoE 2 PAGE 29 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY mass 2 rectenna collection eff fr uW par eff atm fraz transmission frequency 2 temp eff 2 Nasa diss 2 Applicazione Old uW With this VI the user can select from a database the microwave generator type or manually input parameters e Applicazione type of application e OlduW last saved uw data file e eff atm fraz atmospheric efficiency loss e transmission frequency 2 trasmission frequency e temp operative temperature e eff2 RF section efficiency e Nasa diss 2 NASA used operative temperature values e mass 2 mass power e uW par rectenna collection eff fr ground rectenna collection efficiency e uW par uw parameters array 22 Orbit Options orbit_manual vi USE STK 2 Access 2 elevation 2 distance 2 Min distance 2 USE STK This VI calls the
26. on_tons kg ton tons vi mass mass ton l meas unit This VI converts a mass expressed in tons into kg according to the mass value itself 11 lasergen_area lasegen_area vi N Alenia DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPAZIO SPARK MOD yen Snel A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 23 of a9 Laser mass kg w Struct AVAL ae P Ofw aser pwr W sun to laser fract Diss capability rectenna coll eff fract laser to DC conv eff fract atm trans fract diss mass Max pw total area m 2 laser dissipator area Laser gen mass This Vi provide laser section sizing for Direct solar pumped laser configuration Po W Struct Laser mass kg w Max pwr diss mass atm trans fract laser to DC conv eff fract rectenna coll eff fract Diss capability sun to laser fract laser pwr W total area m 2 laser dissipator area Laser gen mass Suptot Po 1350 laser cell atm coll Plaser Suptot 1350 laser Pinlaser Suptot 1350 Power required at end user Po Structural part percentage laser mass per generated watt Max power density allowed by laser optics thermal dissipator mass per area Kg m atmosphere efficiency loss atm Ground PV cells conversion efficiency cell ground geometric collection fraction coll dissipation capability for m sun to laser conversion efficiency laser Laser generated power Plaser Laser area Suptot Thermal dissipators area Array including overall mas
27. proceed with the calculations A similar box is present in all the input windows If you open an existing project all the input windows described later are automatically filled with the values of the chosen project but you can freely modify all of them DOC SD MA AI 0013 NAlenia SPARK mop ee PAGE 6 of 40 SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 3 THE MAIN WINDOW a Alenia srame esa a orientale insert a valid platform altitude AVAILABLE POWER at location 1 0 Application 4 Space to high altitude platforms Power generation SELECT ORBIT Reads parameters Macs ko n2 a 30 Dissipation Capabilty W m 2 m 2 7391 00 z SELEET SATELLITE S STRUCTURE SELECT PLATFORM S STRUCTURE Platform altitude km Ut Min IQOw WavdS The main window of the SPARK MODEL program is shown above The right part of the window contains the input controls AVAILABLE POWER at location is the total power delivered to the final application you can select the unit of measurement from watts to gigawatts Application is the kind of application you want to study there are three possible choices Space to Earth Space to space and Space to high altitude platforms Youcan select the Power generation system between photovoltaic cells and sun pumped laser The button SELECT ORBIT calls STK the SPARK MODEL program displays a window with a summary of the tasks to be performe
28. s laser section mass dissipator mass Laser dissipator area laser Pinlaser Diss capability laser mass Plaser laser mass Laser diss Mass laser dissipator area diss mass Mirror mass if mirrors are used Plaser Max pwr mirror unit mass Kg m Total mass laser mass Laser diss Mass Muirror mass Struct laser mass Laser diss Mass Mirr mass 12 Laser parameters laser _param_dati_file vi Max pwr 2 trans laser eff band atm trans fraz Old_trans_laser laser mass Applicazione collection efficency fract Elevation Trans laser par DOC SD MA AI 0013 SPARK MOD SSE 2 PAGE 24 of 40 N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY e band laser bandwith e Applicazione type of application space to earth space to platform space to space e Old trans laser previously saved laser parameters array e Elevation elevation angle e Max pwr 2 Max power density allowed by optical system e trans laser eff DC to Laser conversion efficiency e atm trans fraz atmospheric absorbtion e laser mass mass per transmitted watt Kg W e collection efficiency fract ground geometric collection fraction e Trans laser par Arrays laser characteristics 13 Laser g param Laser sun pump dati file vi Max pwr 2 Gen laser eff atm trans fraz laser mass collection efficency fract Gen laser par Wavelength 2 Old_gen_laser Application Elevation With this vi the user can select from a dat
29. s kg m 2 e Laser pwr e conc area m 2 e cell unit mass kg m 2 e PV mass ton e Laser mass ton e total mass ton PV cells area mass of laser section dissipators Laser area structural part mass percentage mass of PV section dissipators laser mass watt concentrators mass area emitted laser power concentrators area PV cells mass area PV section overall mass includes dissipators and concentrators Laser section overall mass N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY 29 Pesi Pv uW pesi PV uW v1 struct mass antenna area m 2 antenna diss mass ton cell area m 2 cell unit mass kg m 2 cone area m 2 cone unit mass kg m 2 cell diss mass ton uW gen mass ton DOC SD MA AI 0013 ISSUE 2 SPARK MOD DATE 6 06 03 PAGE 34 of 40 PV mass ton RF massi ton total mass ton This VI calculates the masses of power generation and power transmission systems e struct mass e antenna area m 2 e antenna diss mass ton e cell area m 2 e cell unit mass kg m 2 e conc area m 2 e conc unit mass kg m 2 e cell diss mass ton e Laser unit mass kg w e uW gen mass ton e PV mass ton e RF mass ton e total mass ton structural part mass percentage antenna area mass of RF section dissipators PV cells area PV cells mass area concentrators area concentrators mass area mass of PV section dissipators laser mass watt uw generator section mass
30. s laser dissipator mass area e Diss capability max laser optic dissipation capability e conc ratio concentrationr ratio e conc Use of concentrator e DC to laser conv eff fract Laser efficiency n e Laser coll eff platform PV cell efficiency e Sun to DC space PV section eficiency e cell area m 2 space PV cells area e conc area m 2 concentrators area e cell diss mass ton space PV section dissipators mass e laser diss mass ton laser section dissipators mass e laser dissipator area m 2 area of laser dissipators e cell diss mass 2 ton platform PV dissipator mass e uW diss mass ton platform RF section dissipator mass e Pant platform radiated power e Laser PWR StP laser emitted power Poutcell Po DCtoL antenna atm Lce LasertoDC Cable 2 DCtouW atm uWce uWtoDC Suptot Poutcell suntoDC 1350 Pinlaser Suptot 1350 suntoDC Cable Pincell2 Pinlaser DCtoL Lce PinuW Pincell2 LasertoDC Cable N Al DOC SD MA AI 0013 enla a O SPARK MOD ny SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY PAGE 40 of 40 Pant PinuW DCtouW antenna Plaser Suptot 1350 suntoDC DCtoL Cable uWdiss 10 2 94 0 00624 uWT 2 4e 6 uWT 2 Celldiss 10 2 94 0 00624 CellT 2 4e 6 CellT 2
31. sion efficiency cell laser coll eff fract Diss capability sun to laser fract uw gen eff uw coll eff cell temp uW temp NASA diss laser pwr W antenna output power Sat area Laser gen sat mass cell diss mass uW diss mass laser area laser collection PV efficiency laserce dissipation capability for m sun to laser conversion efficiency laser uw generation efficiency DC to uw ground geometric collection efficiency laser pwr W uwce Platform PV cell operative temperature Platform RF section operative temperature uWT NASA RF section operative temperature Laser generated power Plaser RF antenna power Pant array including laser area platform PV area Suptot array including laser section mass laser dissipator mass total satellite mass mass of platform PV cells dissipator mass of platform RF section dissipator laser area N Alenia SPAZIO A FINMECCANICA COMPANY SPARK MOD Soe 2 PAGE 26 of Suptot Po 1350 laser laserce cell cable DCtouW uWce atm uWtoDC antenna Plaser Suptot 1350 laser Pinlaser Suptot 1350 Pincell Plaser laserce PinuW Pincell cell cable Pant PinuW DCtouW antenna Celldiss 10 2 94 0 00624 CellT 2 4e 6 CellT 2 uWdiss 10 2 94 0 00624 uWT 2 4e 6 uWT 2 cable 0 92 cable efficiency loss antenna 0 98 antenna efficiency loss laser section mass Plaser Laser mass Kg W Laser diss Mass laser Pinlaser Diss capability
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