Home

User`s manual FLIR Cx series

1. 33 125 Generosa iii 33 12 3 2 lt T 33 13 ADOULFEIR Systems u en 35 13 1 More than just an infrared camera nenne nenn nenn nennen een 36 13 2 Sharing our knowledge i 36 13 3 Supporting our CUStoMErs i 37 13 4 A few images from our facilitieS cece cece nenn nennen nennen 37 14 GOS SONY iii tea pia 38 15 Thermographic measurement techniques es 41 15 1 luugsre Urenrere Mee rH 41 192 AE RENT 41 15 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample ees 41 15 3 Reflectedapparenttemperature eee serenas 45 154 END cu 45 15 5 Relative humidity sfrenata 45 15 6 Other parameters enses nns 45 16 History of infrared technology 1111rrrrrrrini eene 46 17 Theory OF thermography u reru umen yn a 49 17 1 INFOGUCHOH iii REAR T 49 17 2 The electromagnetic spectrum serraria 49 17 3 Blackbody TAQIANON urn een 49 12 32 PIANCRS We Tm 50 17 3 2 Wien s displacement law esee 51 17 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law seres 53 17 3 4 Non blackbody emitters serra 53 17 4 Infrared semi transparent materialS nenn nennen nennen 59 18 The measurement formula e eeeeeeeeee nennen nnn nnne nnn 57
2. Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time and area W m2 Objects and gases that emit radiation towards the object being measured A transmission value supplied by a user replacing a calculated one Extra lenses filters heat shields etc that can be put between the camera and the object being measured A material transparent only to some of the infrared wavelengths Field of view The horizontal angle that can be viewed through an IR lens Focal plane array A type of IR detector An object that emits a fixed fraction of the amount of energy of a blackbody for each wavelength 1 800 561 8187 www TUR com information itm com 14 Glossary IFOV image correc tion internal or external infrared IR isotherm isothermal cavity Laser LocatIR laser pointer level manual adjust NETD noise object parameters object signal palette pixel radiance radiant power radiation radiator range reference temperature reflection Instantaneous field of view A measure of the geometrical resolution of an IR camera A way of compensating for sensitivity differences in various parts of live images and also of stabilizing the camera Non visible radiation having a wavelength from about 2 13 um infrared A function highlighting those parts of an image that fall above below or between one or more temperature intervals A bottle shaped radiator with a uni
3. ms ow o sw ooo s Bes ossee m uu eov s Fe emesewc mom r omen Brass polished highly polished highly 100 0 0 09 03 ne rubbed with 80 ZZ 20 grit emery Brass sheet rolled rolled Ee C worked with emery e NOS r CE Brick Dinas silica E 100 0 85 glazed rough Brick Dinas s lica 1000 refractory Brick Dinas silica un 1000 glazed rough ee N L Brick masonry 094 94 LL masonry C 94 lt a Brick refractory 1000 T 0 46 1 corundum Brick refractory 1000 1300 T 0 38 1 magnesite Brick refractory strongly 500 1000 T 0 8 0 9 1 radiating Brick refractory weakly 500 1000 0 65 0 75 radiating SiO2 64 Al203 wes meses m sw e 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Er surface Canon lumiak Judo 7 99m a CR C C n mmm meme e A Jen Ceu posi sme T mom me Je pa CI Cor eek Jo p he h conse jo e fee fe mem m je sw Jos DR a a E Copper ET Ta 07 burnished Copper electrolytic care 0 018 fully polished Copper electrolytic 0 006 d lut me oxidized 06 07 6 0 7 a z blackness ap N n Lau Copper polished 27 T 0 03 4 co
4. 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not get water or salt water on the battery or permit the battery to become wet Damage to the batteries can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not make holes in the battery with objects Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not hit the battery with a hammer Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put your foot on the battery hit it or cause shocks to it Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the batteries in or near a fire or into direct sunlight When the battery becomes hot the built in safety equipment becomes energized and can stop the battery charging procedure If the battery be comes hot damage can occur to the safety equipment and this can cause more heat damage or ignition of the battery CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the battery on a fire or increase the temperature of the battery with heat Damage to the battery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not put the battery on or near fires stoves or other high temperature locations Damage to the batt
5. 6 5 Auto orientation The camera has an auto orientation feature which means that the camera automatically adjusts the measurement information on the display to the vertical or horizontal position of the camera 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 6 Description The auto orientation feature is enabled by a setting Select Settings gt Device settings gt Auto orientation gt On 6 6 Navigating the menu system The camera has a touch screen You can use your index finger or a stylus pen specially designed for capacitive touch usage to navigate the menu system Tap the camera screen to bring up the menu system 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com U Operation 7 1 Charging the battery Follow this procedure 1 Connect the FLIR power supply to a wall outlet 2 Connect the power supply cable to the USB connector on the camera 7 2 Turning on and turning off the camera e Push the On off button C D to turn on the camera e Push and hold the On off button C XD until the screen goes off for less than 5 sec onds to put the camera in standby mode The camera then automatically turns off after 2 hours e Push and hold the On off button C O for more than 5 seconds to turn off the camera 7 3 Saving an image 7 3 1 General You can save images to the internal camera memory The camera saves both a thermal image and a visual image at the same time 7 3 2 Image capacity Appro
6. Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued AR 1 I TE ronandsss sumen ur om jo eue foses panes 7 for H Iron and steel polished sheet 750 1050 LN 0 52 0 56 Iron and steel and steel rolled rolled freshly E LA don CR Ft and steel C plane 0 95 0 98 surface Ironandsteel and steel Ironandsteet rusyred mstyred Iron and steel shiny oxide layer sheet Ironandsteel and steel shiny etched etched 150 008 16 and steel LI carefully LENS que 28 polished rosie restos 0 o se G Denmenmi sie ee fem Densmenmi senten m T os petere L 4 A Ji II en fe ns LEE Dess mms quee 7 m po Uwe mes isso es Uem mens wexe E p fron cas eme m room D eem nm E ose CO fron es eme Is ro fosse CR mem eme fees qr for ron cas sweeec memo r Tossa p _ uec ited fa po fer p Uwe eee je fea je mem mm m CC mes eee mens Jr quum LN Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room tempera black 1602 ture up to 175 o 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity
7. e Emissivity e Reflected apparent temperature 1 800 561 8187 in xn x information itm com 8 Technical data Color palettes lron Rainbow Rainbow HC Gray Set up commands Local adaptation of units language date and time formats Languages Arabic Czech Danish Dutch English Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Italian Japa nese Korean Norwegian Polish Portuguese Russian Simpl Chinese Spanish Swedish Trad Chinese Turkish Lamp Field of view Camera software update Using FLIR Tools Storage of images Storage media Internal memory store at least 500 sets of images Image file format e Standard JPEG e 14 bit measurement data included Video streaming Digital camera Digital camera 640 x 480 pixels USB connector type USB Micro B Data transfer to and from PC USB standard USB 2 0 exe Doneroperton e AC adapter 90 260 VAC input e 5V output to camera Power management Automatic shut down Environmental data Operating temperature range 10 C to 50 C 14 to 122 F Storage temperature range 40 C to 70 C 40 to 158 F 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 1 800 561 8187 Technical data Environmental data Humidity operating and storage IEC 60068 2 30 24 h 95 relative humidity 25 C to 40 C 77 F to 104 F 2 cycles Relative humidity 95 relative humidity 25 C to 40 C 77 F to 104 F non condensing e WEEE 2012 19 EC e RoHs 201
8. environment estimated at mospheric transmission external optics filter FOV FPA graybody Glossary The amount of radiation absorbed by an object relative to the re ceived radiation A number between 0 and 1 The gases between the object being measured and the camera nor mally air A function making a camera perform an internal image correction The IR image is shown with an uneven spread of colors displaying cold objects as well as hot ones at the same time Totally non reflective object All its radiation is due to its own temperature An IR radiating equipment with blackbody properties used to calibrate IR cameras A transmission value computed from the temperature the relative hu midity of air and the distance to the object A bottle shaped radiator with an absorbing inside viewed through the bottleneck The temperature for which the color of a blackbody matches a specif ic color The process that makes heat diffuse into a material A function that adjusts the image The function works all the time continuously adjusting brightness and contrast according to the im age content Convection is a heat transfer mode where a fluid is brought into mo tion either by gravity or another force thereby transferring heat from one place to another An isotherm with two color bands instead of one The amount of radiation coming from an object compared to that of a blackbody A number between 0 and 1
9. 1 html tems AB This Qt library is a free software you can redistribute it and or modify The source code for the libraries Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI may be requested it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by from FLIR Systems AB the Free Software Foundation either version 2 1 of the License or at your op tion any later version This library is distributed in the hope that it will be 1 800 561 8187 www CHD com information itm com 2 Safety information Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not disassemble or do a modification to the battery The battery contains safety and protection devices which if damage occurs can cause the battery to become hot or cause an explosion or an ignition Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries If there is a leak from the battery and you get the fluid in your eyes do not rub your eyes Flush well with water and immediately get medical care The battery fluid can cause injury to your eyes if you do not do this Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not continue to charge the battery if it does not become charged in the specified charging time If you continue to charge the battery it can become hot and cause an explosion or ignition Injury to persons can occur Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Only use the correct equipment to remove the electrical power from the battery If you do not use the cor r
10. 19 EMISSIVILV TADIES T veers 61 19 1 Belle fc q Co T M 61 to T OG 61 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 Disclaimers 1 1 Legal disclaimer All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal stor age use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction Uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Systems are war ranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of two 2 years from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been registered within 60 days of original purchase Detectors for uncooled handheld infrared cameras manufactured by FLIR Sys tems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of ten 10 years from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction and provided that the camera has been regis tered within 60 days of original purchase Products w
11. DO 9 5 Quick Start G lde u une 10 9 1 POC CCUG nee ira ee 10 6 DESCIIPUON u en 11 6 1 VIEW fom tho ION ea eier 11 6 2 View from the rear ee e e K eee eee me meme nmm 11 6 3 erigere y 12 6 4 Screen elements ee 12 6 5 AUIO OFGNAMNO lues ocio a 29 K KAS RA a ee nine RATES A nose REA 12 6 6 Navigating the menu system mn 13 7 ODER ANON MM ssados 14 7 1 Charging the battery cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeneeeneenes 14 7 2 Turning on and turning off the camera K eee 14 7 3 SAVING am Image innen nee rue 14 dl Geil ian 14 7 32 mage capacity css 14 7 3 3 Naming convention nn 14 7 34 sie lt s E TT 14 7 4 Recalling an iata ian rara nse pind ete SoM sabes SOS esas 14 ECOL oriana oi lana 14 74 2 sie lt e nern 14 7 5 Deleting an image een ea 15 TS eNe E eT Se ere Te ee er ee 15 7 932 CIOCOQUIC RE Tm 15 7 6 Deleting all NAO SS rc 15 76 1 GENGA Eee lrn 15 792 PROCOQUI ERR TOTIS 15 www HEED com information itm com Table of contents 7 7 Measuring a temperature using a spotmeter 16 Cl CCN CIAL M di R 16 7 8 Hiding measurement tools seres 16 Label IPROCCOURG quinto saia teias ni ee gpa ri 16 7 9 Changing the color palette osse 16 NO Genta 16 79 2 POC
12. Expressed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration A temperature which the ordinary measured values can be compared with The amount of radiation reflected by an object relative to the received radiation A number between O and 1 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com 14 Glossary relative humidity saturation color span spectral radi ant emittance temperature difference or difference of temperature temperature range temperature scale thermogram transmission or transmit tance factor transparent isotherm visual Relative humidity represents the ratio between the current water va pour mass in the air and the maximum it may contain in saturation conditions The areas that contain temperatures outside the present level span settings are colored with the saturation colors The saturation colors contain an overflow color and an underflow color There is also a third red saturation color that marks everything saturated by the de tector indicating that the range should probably be changed The interval of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and wavelength W m um A value which is the result of a subtraction between two temperature values The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR cam era Cameras can have several ranges Expre
13. Research Department of Navy Washington D C 5 Jones Smith Probert External thermography of buildings Proc of the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers vol 110 Industrial and Civil Applications of Infrared Technology June 1977 London 6 Paljak Pettersson Thermography of Buildings Swedish Building Research Institute Stockholm 1972 7 Mlcek J Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at 5 um Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 8 Kern Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 9 Ohman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements using AGEMA E Box Technical report AGEMA 1999 10 Mattel S Tang Kwor E Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet coating 811 21 between 36 C AND 82 C 11 Lohrengel amp Todtenhaupt 1996 12 ITC Technical publication 32 13 ITC Technical publication 29 The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave SW camera The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used with caution 19 2 Tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference 3M type 35 Vinyl electrical lt 80 LW 13 tape several colors 3M type 88 Black v
14. a question about the importance of being allowed to use the cal ibration curve above the highest calibration point what we call extrapolation Imagine that we in a certain case measure Utot 4 5 volts The highest calibration point for the camera was in the order of 4 1 volts a value unknown to the operator Thus even if the object hap pened to be a blackbody i e Uopj Utot we are actually performing extrapolation of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into temperature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the trans mittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Uopj by means of Equation 4 then results in Uopj 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rather extreme extrapolation particularly when considering that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts Note though that the application of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no electronic or other limitations exist We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera and if it had been cali brated far beyond 5 volts the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4 1 volts provided the calibration algorithm is based on ra diation physics like the FLIR Systems algorithm Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com inform
15. a systematic experiment with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by actually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distri bution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensitive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation detector he proceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism Other thermometers placed outside the sun s rays served as controls As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum the temperature readings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end This was not entirely unexpected since the Italian researcher Landriani in a similar experiment in 1777 had observed much the same effect It was Herschel however who was the first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point Figure 16 2 Marsilio Landriani 1746 1815 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 16 History of infrared technology Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum Her schel confirmed that the
16. heating continued to increase The maximum point when he found it lay well beyond the red end in what is known today as the infrared wavelengths When Herschel revealed his discovery he referred to this new portion of the electromag netic spectrum as the thermometrical spectrum The radiation itself he sometimes re ferred to as dark heat or simply the invisible rays Ironically and contrary to popular Opinion it wasn t Herschel who originated the term infrared The word only began to ap pear in print around 75 years later and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator Herschel s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early controver sies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths Differ ent investigators in attempting to confirm his work used various types of glass indiscriminately having different transparencies in the infrared Through his later experi ments Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly discovered thermal radiation and he was forced to conclude that optics for the infrared would prob ably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively i e plane and curved mir rors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough nat
17. in FLIR Tools 5 Follow the on screen instructions 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com x information itm com 8 Technical data 8 1 Online field of view calculator Please visit http support flir com and click the photo of the camera series for field of view tables for all lens camera combinations 8 2 Note about technical data FLIR Systems reserves the right to change specifications at any time without prior notice Please check http support flir com for latest changes 8 3 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in English 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 8 Technical data 8 4 FLIR C2 P N 72001 0101 Rev 22841 Imaging and optical data NETD 100 mK Field of view 41 x 31 Minimum focus distance e Thermal 0 15 m 0 49 ft e MSX 1 0 m 3 3 ft Focal length 1 54 mm 0 061 in Detector data Image presentation Display color 30in e 320 x 240 pixels Touch screen Yes capacitive Image adjustment alignment calibration Yes Object temperature range 10 C to 150 C 14 to 302 F Accuracy 2 C 3 6 F or 2 whichever is greater at 25 C 77 F nominal Measurement analysis Spotmeter On off Emissivity correction Yes matt semi matt semi glossy custom value Measurements correction
18. in particular to such mechanisms whereby clectro magnetic radiation is picked up and applied thereby to radiation responsive means from which values measured by the radiation responsive means can be studied It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved scanning mechanism of the character indicated It is a further object of the present inven tion to provide improved scanning mechan ism for continuously and automatically scan ning a field of view for ascertaining the energy levels in such field It is a still further object of the present invention to provide a scanning mechanism for rapid scanning of a field A still further object of the present in vention is to provide a scanning mechanism whereby for continuous scanning the retrace time is a relatively small value According to the present invention there is provided a scanning mechanism for receiving electromagnetic radiation within the optical infra red or ultra violet regions of the clectro magnetic spectrum which includes a refracting prism adapted to be rotated about its longi tudinal axis the end faces of the prism being polygons cach of which polygon has an even number of sides of which opposite sides are parallel a collecting refractive system having an image surface within the prism the axis of which system intersects the longitudinal axis of the prism an aperture situated substanti Pr ally on the axis of the collecting refractive syst
19. not transparent and has a high emissivity you are certain of This method assumes that the temperature of your tape and the sample surface are the same If they are not your emissivity measurement will be wrong 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 15 Thermographic measurement techniques 15 3 Reflected apparent temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object If the emis sivity is low and the object temperature relatively far from that of the reflected it will be im portant to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly 15 4 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera This pa rameter is used to compensate for the following two facts e That radiation from the target is absorbed by the atmosphere between the object and the camera e That radiation from the atmosphere itself is detected by the camera 15 5 Relative humidity The camera can also compensate for the fact that the transmittance is also dependent on the relative humidity of the atmosphere To do this set the relative humidity to the correct value For short distances and normal humidity the relative humidity can normally be left at a default value of 50 15 6 Other parameters In addition some cameras and analysis programs from FLIR Systems allow you to com pensate for the following parameters e Atmospheric temperature i e the
20. said element are amplified and filtered and may be used to modulate the intensity of a moving spot on a cathode ray tube The movement of said The company has sold more than 350 000 infrared cameras worldwide for applications such as predictive maintenance R amp D non destructive testing process control and auto mation and machine vision among many others FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Boston MA Santa Barbara CA and one in Sweden Stockholm Since 2007 there is also a 1 800 561 8187 gt www TUR com information itm com 13 About FLIR Systems manufacturing plant in Tallinn Estonia Direct sales offices in Belgium Brazil China France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Italy Japan Korea Sweden and the USA together with a worldwide network of agents and distributors support our international customer base FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry We antici pate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the in troduction of the first battery operated portable camera for industrial inspections and the first uncooled infrared camera to mention just two innovations Figure 13 2 LEFT Thermovision Model 661 from 1969 The camera weighed approximately 25 kg 55 Ib the oscilloscope 20 kg 44 Ib a
21. sphere around the object to be considered 3 Emission from the atmosphere 1 T TWatm where 1 T is the emittance of the at mosphere The temperature of the atmosphere is Taim The total received radiation power can now be written Equation 2 Wi ETW i i 1 ge TW cfl En 1 T Wim We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the CW products by the corresponding U according to the same equation and get Equation 3 um ETU s F 1 o E TU en F 1 o T U atm Solve Equation 3 for Uop Equation 4 1 B lag U as 0 obj ET E ET U atm This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Table 18 1 Voltages Uobj Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tobj i e a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Ure Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tre according to the calibration Uatm Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tatm according to the calibration The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation e the object emittance e e the relative humidity e Tam e object distance Dobj e the effective temperature of the object surroundings or the reflected ambient temper ature Tret a
22. the following formula 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 17 Theory of thermography Ihe SS ee 10 Watt m um y C E 1 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength A Velocity of light 3 x 108 m s Planck s constant 6 6 x 10 34 Joule sec Boltzmann s constant 1 4 x 10 23 Joule K Absolute temperature K of a blackbody Wavelength um The factor 10 6 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt m um Planck s formula when plotted graphically for various temperatures produces a family of curves Following any particular Planck curve the spectral emittance is zero at A 0 then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength Amax and after passing it approaches zero again at very long wavelengths The higher the temperature the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs Figure 17 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm x 103 um 2 Wavelength um 17 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to A and finding the maximum we have _ 2898 m nax T H 1 800 561 8187 ww TE pn x information itm com 17 Theory of thermography This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathematically the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the temper
23. www i Im a com informationGitm com 15 Thermographic measurement techniques 15 2 1 1 1 Method 1 Direct method Follow this procedure 1 Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection an gle a b Figure 15 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard Figure 15 2 1 Reflection source 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 15 Thermographic measurement techniques 3 Measure the radiation intensity apparent temperature from the reflecting source us ing the following settings e Emissivity 1 0 Dobj O You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods N Figure 15 3 1 Reflection source Using a thermocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recommended for two important reasons e A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity e A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator 15 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method Follow this procedure 1 Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil 2 Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size 3 Put the piece of cardboard in front of the object you want to measure Make sure that the side with aluminum foil points to the camera 4 Set the emissi
24. 0 7110035 7154093 7157705 7237946 7312822 7332716 7336823 7544944 7667198 7809258 B2 7826736 8 153 971 8 823 803 8 853 631 8018649 B2 8212210 B2 8289372 8354639 B2 8384783 8520970 8565547 8595689 8599262 8654239 8680468 8803093 D540838 D549758 D579475 D584755 D599 392 D615 113 D664 580 D664 581 D665 004 D665 440 D677298 D710 424 S D718801 DI6702302 9 DI6903617 9 DI7002221 6 DI7002891 5 DI7002892 3 DI7005799 0 DM 057692 DM 061609 EP 2115696 B1 EP2315433 SE 0700240 5 US 8340414 B2 ZL 201330267619 5 ZL01823221 3 ZL01823226 4 ZL02331553 9 ZL02331554 7 ZL200480034894 0 ZL200530120994 2 ZL200610088759 5 ZL200630130114 4 ZL200730151141 4 ZL200730339504 7 ZL200820105768 8 ZL200830128581 2 ZL200880105236 4 ZL200880105769 2 ZL200930190061 9 ZL201030176127 1 ZL201030176130 3 ZL201030176157 2 ZL201030595931 3 ZL201130442354 9 ZL201230471744 3 ZL201230620731 8 1 8 EULATerms e You have acquired a device INFRARED CAMERA that includes soft ware licensed by FLIR Systems AB from Microsoft Licensing GP or its af filiates MS Those installed software products of MS origin as well as associated media printed materials and online or electronic documen tation SOFTWARE are protected by international intellectual property laws and treaties The SOFTWARE is licensed not sold All rights reserved N IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THIS END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT EULA DO N
25. 1 65 EC e C Tick e EN 61000 6 3 e EN 61000 6 2 e FCC 47 CFR Part 15 Class B Physical data Weight incl Battery 0 13 kg 0 29 Ib Size L x W x H 125 x 80 x 24 mm 4 9 x 3 1 x 0 94 in Tripod mounting Tripod mounting Housing material PC and ABS partially covered with TPE Aluminum Shipping information Packaging type Cardboard box List of contents Infrared camera Lanyard Power supply charger with EU UK US CN and Australian plugs Printed getting started guide USB memory stick with documentation USB cable Packaging weight 0 53 kg 1 17 Ib Packaging size 175 x 115 x 75 mm 6 9 x 4 5 x 3 0 in EAN 13 4743254001961 UPC 12 845188010614 WWW tran com information itm com da 6evac LL L he ep PL s XD JI J Suoisuauuiq oaiseg OL 6 WWyG SUA YI UI PJING ur e aweg C L UOISJOAIN SUONSIND AUL UUM LUO9 JILM SUONSINDLIOAX9 OL 19191 eseeld SUONEINDIM LIOAXI QN oi 10910nS SA ABW 1ONDOJA e f e e E ER www TUR com 1 800 561 8187 FLIR January 13 2015 AQ320111 CE Declaration of Conformity This is to certify that the System listed below have been designed and manufactured to meet the requirements as applicable of the following EU Directives and corresponding harmonising standards The systems consequently meet the requirements for the CE mark Directives Dir
26. 5 Draft 12 5 1 General Draft can be found under baseboards around door and window casings and above ceil ing trim This type of draft is often possible to see with an infrared camera as a cooler air stream cools down the surrounding surface When you are investigating draft in a house there should be sub atmospheric pressure in the house Close all doors windows and ventilation ducts and allow the kitchen fan to run for a while before you take the infrared images An infrared image of draft often shows a typical stream pattern You can see this stream pattern clearly in the picture below Also keep in mind that drafts can be concealed by heat from floor heating circuits 12 5 2 Figure The image below shows a ceiling hatch where faulty installation has resulted in a strong draft 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 12 Application examples 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high performance infrared imaging systems and is the world leader in the design manufacture and market ing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial industrial and govern ment applications Today FLIR Systems embraces five major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1958 the Swedish AGEMA Infrared Systems formerly AGA Infrared Systems the three United States companie
27. 6 Reference continued Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room tempera 0 97 12 black 1602 ture up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 0 50 0 53 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 0 92 0 94 on Aluminum Lacquer Aluminum on rough surface black dull 40 100 Lacquer black shiny sprayed on iron Lacquer heat resistant Lacquer 0 83 os 0 92 0 8 0 95 0 75 0 80 0 3 0 4 masa pu 8 LR EM LIO 8 Ga Magnesum polished 0 07 07 ZIE E powder ee CA CS CA E efa b blh F Nextel Velvet 811 Flat black 60 150 LW gt 0 97 10 and 21 Black 11 Lacquer white Lead unoxidized polished ter Jum _ Lime e O Co oO O O1 eo co W oO Oo N N oo 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Nickel commercially 100 T 0 045 1 pure polished Nickel commercially 200 400 T 0 07 0 09 1 pure polished wee emo je fr jom a CT L O E Nickel electroplated on 0 045 iron polished Nickel electroplated on 0 11 0 40 iron unpolished Nickel electroplated on 22 T 0 11 4 iron unpolished Nickel electroplated polished 2 es O A p _eeeC_ ee mea eme Jum Ir eos gt Nicks ue mom 7 oro 1 Pat aise ese r ose 1 meme
28. 782 2015 01 27 T505469 xml en US 23215 2015 02 19 T505013 xml en US 9229 2013 10 03 T505799 xml en US 23545 2015 02 27 T505800 xml en US 23541 2015 02 26 T505801 xml en US 23545 2015 02 27 T505816 xml en US T505470 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505012 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505007 xml en US 21877 2014 12 08 T505004 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505000 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505005 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505001 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505006 xml en US 12154 2014 03 06 T505002 xml en US 18260 2014 10 06 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com FLIR Corporate Headquarters FLIR Systems Inc 27700 SW Parkway Ave Wilsonville OR 97070 USA Telephone 1 503 498 3547 Website http www flir com Customer support http support flir com Copyright O 2015 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Disclaimer Specifications subject to change without further notice Models and accessories subject to regional market considerations License procedures may apply Products described herein may be subject to US Export Regulations Please refer to exportquestions flir com with any questions Publ No 1559918 Release AE Commit 23547 Head 23547 Language en US Modified 2015 02 27 Formatted 2015 03 03 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com
29. FLIR User s manual FLIR Cx series 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com User s manual FLIR Cx series go 9001 2005 7 NN Em E CY e Trick TM Intertek 1 800 561 8187 Tra n com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com 1 800 561 8187 Table of contents 1 DISCIAIMErS alla 1 1 1 LOG al GISCIAIMGN PR O need buses aa pai 1 1 2 Usage SIGIIGICS Fasso e Di ais tuas iii a ee 1 1 3 Changes to registry ee ee 1 1 4 U S Government Regulations esses 1 1 5 E else a ee ee 1 1 6 Quality asSsuranCg rire 1 1 7 muita c HR 1 1 8 LAG SINS cess encode IE 1 1 9 CUCA TOTIS case ce tte aah cacti inni 2 2 Safety InIOrmallon Mee 3 3 Notice TO USET e ee 6 3 1 User to user obla u san 6 3 2 ITI ee 6 3 3 PRCCUN GY ee ee ee ssi Bene ea 6 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste ee 6 3 5 MANINO rl 6 3 6 Documentation updates ccccccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeseeesaneeseneeanenens 6 3 7 Important note about this manual seres 6 3 8 Note about authoritative Versions nenn enen nenn nme ennn nenn 7 4 Customer he u a 8 4 1 0121 Al espiao ssa cias npc ain ca dor dades sd ADRs Node E Tm 8 4 2 ZT suis is a QUESTO se sense Behr 9 4 3 DOWNIOAGS DAR T
30. IR GF3xx FLIR AX FLIR Ax5 FLIR A3xx GasFindIR i Product catalog Accessories Please right click the links below and select Save Target As to save the file O gt o V US Letter 28 Mb P ac A4 27 4 Mb 8 Beg T Sy o9 Important legal disclaimer dangers warnings and cautions 4 1 General For customer help visit http support flir com 1 800 561 8187 in zen information itm com 4 Customer help 4 2 Submitting a question To submit a question to the customer help team you must be a registered user It only takes a few minutes to register online If you only want to search the knowledgebase for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following information to hand e The camera model e The camera serial number e The communication protocol or method between the camera and your device for ex ample HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire e Device type PC Mac iPhone iPad Android device etc e Version of any programs from FLIR Systems e Full name publication number and revision number of the manual 4 3 Downloads On the customer help site you can also download the following e Firmware updates for your infrared camera e Program updates for your PC Mac software e Freeware and evaluation versions of PC Mac software e User documentation for current obsolete and historical products e Mechanical dra
31. ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL MS BE LIABLE FOR ANY AMOUNT IN EX CESS OF U S TWO HUNDRED FIFTY DOLLARS U S 250 00 Limitations on Reverse Engineering Decompilation and Dis assembly You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassem ble the SOFTWARE except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation N SOFTWARE TRANSFER ALLOWED BUT WITH RESTRICTIONS You may permanently transfer rights under this EULA only as part of a permanent sale or transfer of the Device and only if the recipient agrees to this EULA If the SOFTWARE is an upgrade any transfer must also include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE N EXPORT RESTRICTIONS You acknowledge that SOFTWARE is subject to U S export jurisdiction You agree to comply with all appli cable international and national laws that apply to the SOFTWARE including the U S Export Administration Regulations as well as end user end use and destination restrictions issued by U S and other governments For additional information see http www micro soft com exporting www TUR com information itm com 1 Disclaimers 1 9 EULA Terms useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of 3 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the Qt4 Core and Qt4 GUI Copyright 2013 Nokia Corporation and FLIR Sys GNU Lesser General Public License http www gnu org licenses Igpl 2
32. OO eci 16 7 10 Changing the image mode eee e e e e ee en 16 071 General zii ilaria relati area ee 16 7 102 PROCOQUIO An eisernen 17 7 11 Changing the temperature scale mode see 18 711 1 Senecio ee 18 7 11 2 When to use Lock mode sese ene 18 7 113 PROCCOUIS c 18 7 12 Setting the emissivity crer 18 2i GENE ake PASSADO a O RES NR 18 7 122 PROCOQUIRO at 18 7 13 Changing the reflected apparent temperature 19 PAV OM COGIC iene 19 1 182 PROCOQUIO Uc 19 7 14 Changing the distance sss 19 PNG Genelalu sie tee ee 19 FOI ESAE seo TS 19 7 15 Performing a non uniformity correction nennen nen 20 7 15 1 What is a non uniformity correction nenn nennen 20 7 15 2 When to perform a non uniformity correction 20 Delas POCOO ici 20 7 16 Using the camera lampe euere 20 7 162 Gened sea ee a en ea ae 20 7 162 PIOCBQUE nenne einsehen 20 7 17 Changing the settings eee mn 20 7 121 CIC Free E 20 Tel tee seo iaia ee es ee 21 7 18 Updating the camera esses mmm menn 21 D N GONE e ee ee 21 7 182 PROCOQUIO EE 21 8 TECNNICAI GALA asas dass 23 8 1 Online field of view calcul
33. OT USE THE DEVICE OR COPY THE SOFTWARE IN STEAD PROMPTLY CONTACT FLIR Systems AB FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON RETURN OF THE UNUSED DEVICE S FOR A REFUND ANY USE OF THE SOFTWARE INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO USE ON THE DEVICE WILL CONSTITUTE YOUR AGREEMENT TO THIS EU LA OR RATIFICATION OF ANY PREVIOUS CONSENT N GRANT OF SOFTWARE LICENSE This EULA grants you the following license N You may use the SOFTWARE only on the DEVICE N NOT FAULT TOLERANT THE SOFTWARE IS NOT FAULT TOLER ANT FLIR Systems AB HAS INDEPENDENTLY DETERMINED HOW TO USE THE SOFTWARE IN THE DEVICE AND MS HAS RELIED UPON FLIR Systems AB TO CONDUCT SUFFICIENT TESTING TO DETERMINE THAT THE SOFTWARE IS SUITABLE FOR SUCH USE N NO WARRANTIES FOR THE SOFTWARE THE SOFTWARE is provided AS IS and with all faults THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO SAT ISFACTORY QUALITY PERFORMANCE ACCURACY AND EF FORT INCLUDING LACK OF NEGLIGENCE IS WITH YOU ALSO THERE IS NO WARRANTY AGAINST INTERFERENCE WITH YOUR ENJOYMENT OF THE SOFTWARE OR AGAINST IN FRINGEMENT IF YOU HAVE RECEIVED ANY WARRANTIES RE GARDING THE DEVICE OR THE SOFTWARE THOSE WARRANTIES DO NOT ORIGINATE FROM AND ARE NOT BINDING ON MS N No Liability for Certain Damages EXCEPT AS PROHIBITED BY LAW MS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY FOR ANY INDIRECT SPE CIAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORM ANCE OF THE SOFTWARE THIS LIMITATION SHALL APPLY EVEN IF ANY REMEDY FAILS OF
34. Procedure Follow this procedure 1 2 3 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar Select mages This displays an image in the image archive To display the previous or next image do one of the following e Swipe left or right x e Tap the left arrow or the right arrow When the image you want to delete is displayed tap the camera screen This displays a toolbar On the toolbar select Delete U This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Delete 7 4 To return to live mode tap the camera screen and select Camera 7 6 Deleting all images 7 6 1 General You can delete all images from the internal camera memory 7 6 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 N PP aS o I Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar Select Settings 12 This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Device settings This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Reset options This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Delete all saved images This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Delete To return to live mode tap the upper left arrow Save button once repeatedly You can also push the 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation 7 7 Measuring a temperature using a spotmeter 7 7 1 General You can measure a temperature using a spotmeter This will display the temperature at the position of
35. als 1 40 098 98 ice io with e 98 heavy frost Water eese p h pe D wa femo Jo r oss e Water layer gt 0 1 mm 0 100 T 0 95 0 98 1 thick we ew h 9 ER wa i fw ee am 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued ooo E E DE CO IN ee A Wood o Wood ground J 05 07 5 0 7 Wood pine 4 different Lo 67 0 75 samples Wood pine 4 different 0 81 0 89 samples wa pieces m ro foso eo Er Wood v planedoak oak 088 88 P smooth E 82 dry Wood plywood 8 untreated Zine o oxidized surface surface 1000 1200 c Te 0 50 0 60 Ele E NT 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com informationGitm com 1 800 561 8187 www MUI com information itm com A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML the eXtensible Markup Language For more information about XML please visit http www w3 org XML A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Linotype Helvetica World Helvetica was designed by Max Miedinger 1910 1980 LOEF List Of Effective Files T501109 xml en US AE 23547 2015 02 27 T505552 xml en US 9599 2013 11 05 T505551 xml en US 22
36. aterials Consider now a non metallic semi transparent body let us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the interior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but some of it arrives at the other sur face through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the pro gressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the ef fective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information QGitm com 17 Theory of thermography dagli E i p When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula E Lp This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easier to measure re flectance than to measure emissivity directly 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com x information itm com 18 The measurement formula As already mentioned when viewing an object the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the ob ject surface Both these radiation contributions become
37. ation itm com 18 1 800 561 8187 The measurement formula 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F 0 6 ADs Atm D gt Figure 18 2 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions SW camera 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radia tion Fixed parameters t 0 88 Tre 20 C 68 F Taim 20 C 68 F 1 1 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F 255 200 Figure 18 3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW camera 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radia tion Fixed parameters t 0 88 Tre 20 C 68 F Taim 20 C 68 F www GEE com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems 19 1 References 1 Mikael A Bramson nfrared Radiation A Handbook for Applications Plenum press N Y 2 William L Wolfe George J Zissis The Infrared Handbook Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C 3 Madding R P Thermographic Instruments and systems Madison Wisconsin Univer sity of Wisconsin Extension Department of Engineering and Applied Science 4 William L Wolfe Handbook of Military Infrared Technology Office of Naval
38. ator Rennen nnenenen en nenn nenn 23 8 2 Note about technical data nenn nenn nnnenenen nennen nenn 23 8 3 Note about authoritative versions cesses 23 8 4 gH ac 24 9 Mechanical drawings u e ca vasa e Sau DUI pu E E irao asas cap NU MEE ENSE 27 10 CE Declaration of conformity sss s sss sss sss sss s sss sss e s e eee 28 11 Cleaning the camera uruusnunnnunnnnnnanenunenunnnnnnnnnnunnnunnnunnnunnnunnunnnnn 29 11 1 Camera housing cables and other items sssuuse 29 RNP B lt 151 Em 29 lie etis n TTT 29 11 73 PROCOQUIO Zee ee 29 TAE IT m 29 KENTI Bre 6 o ee ne ee ee ee 29 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com Table of contents T22 TOD ISN se as wees aw AAC E bi ETA 29 11 23 PIOCOQUIO isolata as rue een 29 12 Application s les episc ese a TPMUU EUR EM SNP MEUM CERIS 30 12 1 Moisture amp water damage mns 30 e ta Generali aan pe Das in 30 121 2 LUI see ED nais Dada Desa ess Tac ear 30 12 2 Faulty contact In SOCKOL saca some iaia ria 30 le 2 1 GEN RAL Hcet 30 1222 WOU en een ee eee 31 1223 6 aie Tea lt e SOCK CN orice nlc cee RR eures 31 123 1 Conchal ee ee nee 31 1232 NOUN Ss 31 12 4 Insulation deficiencies iii 32 CE RC Pe T UNUM 32 ju PUES LOU EE aaa 32 TO o pr
39. attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself This description of the measurement situation as illustrated in the figure below is so fara fairly true description of the real conditions What has been neglected could for instance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense radiation sources outside the field of view Such disturbances are difficult to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negligible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibility to modify the measurement situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radia tion sources etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output 1 Wien 1 t Wrefi Trefi Erei 1 Figure 18 1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation 1 Surround ings 2 Object 3 Atmosphere 4 Camera Assume that the received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature Tsource ON short distance generates a camera output signal Usource that is proportional to the power input power lin
40. ature of a thermal radiator increases The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for Amax A good approximation of the value of Amax for a given blackbody tem perature is obtained by applying the rule of thumb 3 000 T um Thus a very hot star such as Sirius 11 000 K emitting bluish white light radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum at wavelength 0 27 um Figure 17 5 Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 um in the middle of the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 um in the far infra red while at the temperature of liquid nitrogen 77 K the maximum of the almost insignifi cant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 um in the extreme infrared wavelengths 107 900 Figure 17 6 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm um 2 Wavelength um 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 17 Theory of thermography 17 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from A O to A ee we obtain the total radiant emittance Wp of a blackbody W oT Watt m This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula af
41. come spatially noisy when the ambient temper ature changes such as from indoors to outdoors operation and vice versa 7 15 3 Procedure To perform a non uniformity correction tap and hold the 2 icon The text Calibrating appears on the screen 7 16 Using the camera lamp 7 16 1 General You can use the camera lamp as a flashlight or as a flash when taking an image 7 16 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Lamp 8 3 Tap one of the following e Flash to use the lamp as a flash when taking an image s On to turn on the lamp and use it as a flashlight e Off to turn off the lamp 7 17 Changing the settings 7 17 1 General You can change a variety of settings for the camera The Settings menu includes the following e Measurement parameters e Save options e Device settings 7 17 1 1 Measurement parameters e Emissivity e Reflected temperature e Distance 1 Definition from the imminent international adoption of DIN 54190 3 Non destructive testing Thermographic testing Part 3 Terms and definitions 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com informationGitm com 7 Operation 7 17 1 2 Save options e Photo as separate JPEG When this menu command is selected the digital photograph from the visual camera is saved at its full field of view as a separate JPEG image It may be necessary to activate this option if you are not using th
42. d repro duced translated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine read able form without prior consent in writing from FLIR Systems Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and or its subsidiaries All other trademarks trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective owners 1 6 Quality assurance The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the prod ucts without prior notice 1 7 Patents One or several of the following patents and or design patents may apply to the products and or features Additional pending patents and or pending design patents may also apply 000279476 0001 000439161 000499579 0001 000653423 000726344 000859020 001106306 0001 001707738 001707746 001707787 001776519 001954074 002021543 002058180 002249953 002531178 0600574 8 1144833 1182246 1182620 1285345 1299699 1325808 1336775 1391114 1402918 1404291 1411581 1415075 1421497 1458284 1678485 1732314 2106017 2107799 2381417 3006596 3006597 466540 483782 484155 4889913 5177595 60122153 2 60200401 1681 5 08 6707044 68657 703430
43. diation which then enters the hole is scat tered and absorbed by repeated reflections so only an infinitesimal fraction can possibly escape The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature generates blackbody radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cav ity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature refer ence standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermographic instruments such as a FLIR Systems camera for example If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 C 977 F the source begins to be visible so that it appears to the eye no longer black This is the incipi ent red heat temperature of the radiator which then becomes orange or yellow as the tem perature increases further In fact the definition of the so called color temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 17 3 1 Planck s law Figure 17 3 Max Planck 1858 1947 Max Planck 1858 1947 was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of
44. e FLIR Tools software 7 17 1 3 Device settings e Language time amp units e Language e Temperature unit e Distance unit s Date amp time e Date amp time format e Reset options e Reset default camera mode e Reset device settings to factory default e Delete all saved images e Auto power off e Auto orientation e Display intensity e Camera information This menu command displays various items of information about the camera such as the model serial number and software version 7 17 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Settings This displays a dialog box 3 Inthe dialog box tap the setting that you want to change Settings Parameters c N 4 Toreturn to live mode tap the upper left arrow Save button once repeatedly You can also push the 7 18 Updating the camera 7 18 1 General To take advantage of our latest camera firmware it is important that you keep your camera updated You update your camera using FLIR Tools 7 18 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Start FLIR Tools 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation N Start the camera Connect the camera to the computer using the USB cable FLIR Tools displays a welcome screen when the camera is identified On the welcome screen click Check for updates Dep You can also click Check for updates on the Help menu
45. e sensing Secure communications and flying torpe do guidance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 me ters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter and the photon detector At first the image con verter received the greatest attention by the military because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally see in the dark However the sensitivity of the image converter was limited to the near infrared wavelengths and the most interesting military targets i e enemy soldiers had to be illuminated by infrared search beams Since this in volved the risk of giving away the observer s position to a similarly equipped enemy ob server it is understandable that military interest in the image converter eventually faded The tactical military disadvantages of so called active i e search beam equipped ther mal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939 45 war for extensive secret military infrared research programs into the possibilities of developing passive no search beam systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector During this period military secrecy regulations completely
46. e three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody a fraction of the incident radiation a may be absorbed a fraction p may be re flected and a fraction T may be transmitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript is used to imply the spectral dependence of their definitions Thus e The spectral absorptance a the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an ob ject to that incident upon it e he spectral reflectance p the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an ob ject to that incident upon it e he spectral transmittance T the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted through an object to that incident upon it The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole at any wavelength so we have the relation hor py em d For opaque materials TX O and the relation simplifies to 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com informationGitm com 17 Theory of thermography E t p 1 Another factor called the emissivity is required to describe the fraction of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature Thus we have the definition The spectral emissivity the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength Expressed mathematically this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of the
47. ear camera We can then write Equation 1 Ume CW d ed or with simplified notation lisi CW ource where C is a constant Should the source be a graybody with emittance e the received radiation would conse quently be Whsource We are now ready to write the three collected radiation power terms 1 Emission from the object tWopj where e is the emittance of the object and T is the transmittance of the atmosphere The object temperature is Tobj 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information QGitm com 18 The measurement formula 2 Reflected emission from ambient sources 1 TWrefl where 1 is the reflec tance of the object The ambient sources have the temperature Tref It has here been assumed that the temperature Tres is the same for all emitting surfaces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface This is of course some times a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplification in order to derive a workable formula and Tre can at least theoretically be given a val ue that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings 1 This is correct in accordance with Kirchhoff s law All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces Thus the emittance 1 Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete
48. ect Settings 12 This displays a dialog box 3 In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation 4 Inthe dialog box select Emissivity This displays a dialog box 5 Inthe dialog box select one of the following e Matt e Semi matt e Semi glossy e Custom value This displays a dialog box where you can set a value 6 Toreturn to live mode tap the upper left arrow 5 Save button once repeatedly You can also push the 7 13 Changing the reflected apparent temperature 7 13 1 General This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected by the object If the emis sivity is low and the object temperature significantly different from that of the reflected tem perature it will be important to set and compensate for the reflected apparent temperature correctly For more information about the reflected apparent temperature see section 15 Thermo graphic measurement techniques page 41 7 13 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar Select Settings This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Reflected temperature This displays a dialog box where you can set a value PON N 5 To return to live mode tap the upper left arrow Save button once repeatedly You ca
49. ect equipment you can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery If you do not use the correct equipment an incorrect flow of current to the battery can occur This can cause the battery to be come hot or cause an explosion Injury to persons can occur Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on con tainers before you use a liquid The liquids can be dangerous Injury to persons can occur CAUTION Do not point the infrared camera with or without the lens cover at strong energy sources for example devices that cause laser radiation or the sun This can have an unwanted effect on the accuracy of the camera It can also cause damage to the detector in the camera CAUTION Do not use the camera in temperatures more than 50 C 122 F unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data High temperatures can cause damage to the camera CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not attach the batteries directly to a car s cigarette lighter socket unless FLIR Systems supplies a spe cific adapter to connect the batteries to a cigarette lighter socket Damage to the batteries can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not connect the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the battery to each other with a metal object such as wire Damage to the batteries can occur
50. ection a socket has an improperly connected wire can re sult in local temperature increase This temperature increase is caused by the reduced contact area between the connection point of the incoming wire and the socket and can result in an electrical fire A socket s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another For this reason differ ent faults in a socket can lead to the same typical appearance in an infrared image Local temperature increase can also result from improper contact between wire and socket or from differ ence in load 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 12 Application examples 12 2 2 Figure The image below shows a connection of a cable to a socket where improper contact in the connection has resulted in local temperature increase 12 3 Oxidized socket 12 3 1 General Depending on the type of socket and the environment in which the socket is installed ox ides may occur on the socket s contact surfaces These oxides can lead to locally in creased resistance when the socket is loaded which can be seen in an infrared image as local temperature increase A socket s construction may differ dramatically from one manufacturer to another For this reason differ ent faults in a socket can lead to the same typical appearance in an infrared image Local temperature increase can also result from improper contact between a wire and socket or from dif ference i
51. ective 2004 108 EC Electromagnetic Compatibility Standards Information technology EN 55022 Radio disturbance characteristics AC 2011 Information technology EN 55024 Immunity characteristics CISPR 24 2010 Additional standards Emission EN 61000 6 3 Electro magnetic Compatibility Generic standards Emission Immunity EN 61000 6 2 Electro magnetic Compatibility Generic standards Immunity System FLIR C2 series FLIR Systems AB San FLIR Systems AB Antennv gen 6 P O Box 7376 SE 187 15 T by Sweden Telephone 46 8 753 25 00 Telefax 46 8 753 23 64 Registered No 556256 6579 ananas flis na 1 800 561 8187 www TUR com information itm com 11 Cleaning the camera 11 1 Camera housing cables and other items 11 1 1 Liquids Use one of these liquids e Warm water e A weak detergent solution 11 1 2 Equipment A soft cloth 11 1 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cloth in the liquid 2 Twist the cloth to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the part with the cloth Do not apply solvents or similar liquids to the camera the cables or other items This can cause damage 11 2 Infrared lens 11 2 1 Liquids Use one of these liquids e Acommercial lens cleaning liquid with more than 30 isopropyl alcohol e 96 ethyl alcohol C2Hs5OH 11 2 2 Equipment Cotton wool 11 2 3 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Soak the cotton wool in the liquid 2 Twist the c
52. eem Jr oom Oil lubricating film on Ni base Ni 0 05 base only Oil lubricating Oil lubricating thick coating thick coating os 82 Paint 8 different colors sen and qualities Paint 8 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 and qualities Paint Aluminum various 50 100 T 0 27 0 67 1 ages C Sae mt 4 1 1 alalala alala 1 800 561 8187 www UM com information itm com 19 1 800 561 8187 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued C of 16 colors lacquer Paper white 3 different glosses Paper white 3 different Plaster plasterboard untreated Plastic glass fibre lami nate printed circ board glass fibre lami nate printed circ board 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 7 7 7 7 2 2 7 7 1 94 2 0 92 oa oa SW SW SW w joe 3 SW SW SW LW 3 4 o Co I k Plastic polyurethane iso 70 LW 0 55 lation board Plastic polyurethane iso 70 SW 0 29 lation board Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 SW 0 94 dull structured ean www AUI com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued EEE PVC plastic floor dul
53. em through which radiation passing the prism can pass and a radiation responsive element behind said aperture for picking up such radiation Other objects and features of the present invention will be apparent from the following description given by way of example only and with reference to the accompanying dia grammatic drawings in which Fig 1 is a side view of a scanning prism and illustrates the deflection of rays of electro magnetic radiation by the prism and the focus sing of the rays at a fixed scanning aperture Fig 2 graphically illustrates the scanning deflection as a function of the angle of rota tion for various refractive indices of the ism Fig 3 is a view showing the paraxial image surface for rays in two perpendicular planes for different indices of refraction of the prism The scanning mechanism of the present in vention is particularly applicable to receiving electromagnetic radiation within the optical ultra violet or infra red regions of the electro magnetic spectrum the incoming radiation being focused on a radiation responsive ele ment which may be of a kind well known in the art and as such is not shown in the drawings Hitherto the main difficulty in achieving high scanning speeds has been of a mech anical nature present invention uses a rotating refractive prism for fast scanning in one direction scanning perpendicular to this direction is slower and can be accomplished by other mean
54. ery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not solder directly onto the battery Damage to the battery can occur CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Do not use the battery if when you use charge or put the battery in storage there is an unusual smell from the battery the battery feels hot changes color changes shape or is in an unusual condition Speak with your sales office if one or more of these problems occurs Damage to the battery and injury to per sons Can occur 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 2 Safety information CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Only use a specified battery charger when you charge the battery Damage to the battery can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries The temperature range through which you can charge the battery is 0 C to 45 C 32 F to 113 F unless other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data If you charge the battery at temperatures out of this range it can cause the battery to become hot or to break It can also decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries The temperature range through which you can remove the electrical power from the battery is 15 C to 50 C 5 F to 122 F unle
55. form temperature viewed through the bottleneck An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser ra diation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the ob ject in front of the camera An electrically powered light source on the camera that emits laser ra diation in a thin concentrated beam to point at certain parts of the ob ject in front of the camera The center value of the temperature scale usually expressed as a signal value A way to adjust the image by manually changing certain parameters Noise equivalent temperature difference A measure of the image noise level of an IR camera Undesired small disturbance in the infrared image A set of values describing the circumstances under which the meas urement of an object was made and the object itself such as emis sivity reflected apparent temperature distance etc A non calibrated value related to the amount of radiation received by the camera from the object The set of colors used to display an IR image Stands for picture element One single spot in an image Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time area and angle W m sr Amount of energy emitted from an object per unit of time W The process by which electromagnetic energy is emitted by an object or a gas A piece of IR radiating equipment The current overall temperature measurement limitation of an IR cam era Cameras can have several ranges
56. hich are not manufactured by FLIR Systems but included in sys tems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty if any of the particular supplier only FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatso ever for such products The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable It is not applicable to any product which has been subjected to misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions of operation Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply FLIR Systems will at its option repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if upon inspection it proves to be defective in material or work manship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one year period FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above No other warranty is expressed or implied FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential loss or damage whether based on contract tort or any other le gal theory This warranty shall be governed by Swedish law An
57. hough our cameras are designed to be very user friendly there is a lot more to thermog raphy than just knowing how to handle a camera Therefore FLIR Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center ITC a separate business unit that provides certified training courses Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands on learning experience The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into practice 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 13 About FLIR Systems 13 3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equip ment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to someone who does not speak your language 13 4 A few images from our facilities Figure 13 4 LEFT Diamond turning machine RIGHT Lens polishing 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information QGitm com 14 absorption ab sorption factor atmosphere autoadjust autopalette blackbody blackbody radiator calculated at mospheric transmission cavity radiator color temperature conduction continuous adjust convection dual isotherm emissivity emissivity factor emittance
58. id prism passes the scanning aperture 6 there is a substan tially instantancous return of the scan In FIGS 1 and 4 there is shown an incoming ray of radiation having a maximum deviation from the di rection of the optical axis In FIG 1 q designates the angle of rotation of the prism and x y and z are the axes of a coordinate system x being along the optical axis and z parallel to the axis of rotation 2 A point on the image surface 5 is defined by these coordinates as in dicated in the case of a point x y in FIG 1 the z co ordinate of which is 0 since it is in the x y plane The deflection of rays is shown in FIG 2 in the y di rection as a function of the turning angle q and index of refraction of said prism n The axis y in FIG 3 refers to the same axis as in FIG 2 FIG 3 shows the necessary form 7 and 8 of the image surfaces of said optical system in order that said fied of view shall be scanned without aberrations for various values of refractive index of said prism Refer ring to FIG 3 there are for every rotating angle q and every refractive index of said prism n two values of x The larger of said two values of x corresponds to the image surface 7 that is generated by the rays in the plane of the paper i e the x y plane and forming small angles with the x axis The smaller value of x corre sponds to the image surface 8 that is generated by the rays which are parallel with the x z plane and form small ang
59. inyl electri lt 105 LW 13 cal tape 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 MW lt 0 96 13 cal tape type Super 33 Black vinyl electri cal tape dull 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Aluminum anodized black 70 LW 0 95 dull 70 SW 0 61 Aluminum anodized light gray dull Aluminum anodized light 70 LW 0 97 gray dull Aurum asveceved a Aluminum cast blast 70 SW 0 47 cleaned Aluminum cast blast 70 LW 0 46 cleaned Aluminum dipped in HNOs 100 T 0 05 4 plate mmm m qm om qwe fe 2 Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 SW 0 05 0 08 differently scratched Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 LW 0 03 0 06 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum deposited Aluminum weathered 17 heavily Aluminum bronze 20 Tolo tt Aluminum powder T 0 28 1 Aluminum oxide activated powder Do 1 Aluminum oxide alumina Asbesto me Tr os oo Dess mw fosso Asbestos se 20 Tf 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Ro E E CC E TE O BEE ew ee s
60. junction with the accompanying drawings Said drawings show the principle of the invention FIG 1 is a side view of a scanning prism showing the deflected rays in said prism and the necessary image sur face for proper focussing at the fixed scanning aperture FIG 2 is a diagram which shows the scanning deflec tion as function of the rotating angle of the prism for various indices of refraction of said prism FIG 3 is a view showing said paraxial image surface for rays in two mutually perpendicular planes for different indices of refraction of said prism FIG 4 is a side view showing the essential components of a complete scanning mechanism and FIG 5 is a perspective view of a particular form of a scanning prism Briefly stated our invention is in the following specifica tion characterized as an arrangement for scanning a field of view where the incoming radiation is focused on a radiation energy responsive element The main difficulty of scanning a field of view in a short time is of mechanical nature Our invention uses a rotating refractive prism for scanning in one direction Scanning in a direction essentially perpendicular to said direction is slower than in the first mentioned direction and is accomplished by other means as by a nodding mir ror in the collecting optics Said slower scanning can also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of said prism The resulting scanning pattern is like the pattern of common
61. l structured BT ie ee E C aan Te Ele ud E CT Wi hw biu nia Parum ribbon sconto T_ esos Fam we sso Tr ose i Earum fwe somo T_ T Parum wre s jr oo ree fe fo Ir fe CO me CR eo fa See ee em UC p e eae es pr es 1 m foe pow 7 eese p m qme fow room io o fo eem p emm ANE 1 1 r om e fp CC Soil saturated with 0 95 water Stainless steel sheet untreated 0 30 somewhat scratched 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com alaltalalalalala ud T 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued Stainless steel sheet untreated somewhat scratched Stainless steel steel Stainless steel type 18 8 buffed type 18 8 oxi dized at 800 C p roman p fr siu me ee 9 s CE memes pes farce tin plated sheet 100 0 07 iron mes mee 008 e m ERR mee mes m I fe eu oso e ro foro D Dee pee pr fae Dem fe fr fo Dum ex Ir qess LO Eu e J MENS Varnish on oak parquet 70 SW floor Varnish on oak parquet 70 LW 0 90 0 93 floor Wallpaper slight pattern light gray Wallpaper slight pattern red distilled ee Water frost frosteryst
62. les with the x y plane It is apparent from FIG 3 that the aberrations which are caused by the prism can be neutralized to a sub stantial degree by a suitable choice of image surface In this way it is possible according to our invention to achieve very high resolution in the optical scanning It is preferable if the refractive index of said prism has a value between 3 and 6 for the wave lengths used Said index of refraction having a value of about 4 is specially advantageous both for yickling a linear scan and for allowing a relatively plane image surface This is pointed out in FIG 2 and FIG 3 As is also shown in FIG 2 a larger index of refraction of said prism gives 5 a greater length of scan The material of said prism must in our invention be transparent for radiation in the energy spectrum of in terest und it is preferable if the sides of said prism are coated with suitable material in order to reduce reflec tions The entry area of the rays coming from said optical system for varying turning angles does not extend near the corners of the prism in our invention which may therefore be rounded This improves both the air resist ance and the mechanical strength of the prism When said prism rotates and the scanning in the other direction is accomplished in said collecting optics the radiation energy responsive element 12 scans said ficld of view for various energy levels in such field The out put signals from
63. line This means that this manual may contain descriptions and explanations that do not apply to your particular camera model 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 3 Notice to user 3 8 Note about authoritative versions The authoritative version of this publication is English In the event of divergences due to translation errors the English text has precedence Any late changes are first implemented in English 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com x information itm com 4 Customer help FLIR Customer Support Center Home Answers Ask a Question Product Registration Downloads My Stuff Service FLIR Customer support Get the most out of your FLIR products Get Support fof Your FLIR Products Welcome to the FLIR Customer Support Center This portal will help you as a FLIR customer to get the most out of your FLIR products The portal gives you access to The FLIR Knowledgebase amp Ask our support team requires registration e Software and documentation requires registration FLIR service contacts Find Answers We store all resolved problems in our solution database Search by product category keywords or phrases Search by Keyword Search All Answers See All Popular Answers To find a datasheet for a current product click on a picture To find a datasheet for a legacy product click here FLIR Ex FLIR Exx FLIR Kxx FLIR T4xx FLIR T6xx FLIR G3xx P 1 q d 3 ThermaCAM FL
64. llow thermographers around the world in our user to user forums To go to the forums visit http www infraredtraining com community boards 3 2 Calibration We recommend that you send in the camera for calibration once a year Contact your local sales office for instructions on where to send the camera 3 3 Accuracy For very accurate results we recommend that you wait 5 minutes after you have started the camera before measuring a temperature 3 4 Disposal of electronic waste As with most electronic products this equipment must be disposed of in an environmen tally friendly way and in accordance with existing regulations for electronic waste Please contact your FLIR Systems representative for more details 3 5 Training To read about infrared training visit e http www infraredtraining com e hitp www irtraining com e http www irtraining eu 3 6 Documentation updates Our manuals are updated several times per year and we also issue product critical notifi cations of changes on a regular basis To access the latest manuals and notifications go to the Download tab at http support flir com It only takes a few minutes to register online In the download area you will also find the lat est releases of manuals for our other products as well as manuals for our historical and obsolete products 3 7 Important note about this manual FLIR Systems issues generic manuals that cover several cameras within a model
65. mera locks the temperature span and the temperature level 7 11 2 When to use Lock mode A typical situation where you would use Lock mode is when looking for temperature anomalies in two items with a similar design or construction For example you have two cables and you suspect that one is overheated With the cam era in Auto mode direct the camera toward the cable that has a normal temperature and then activate Lock mode When you then direct the camera in Lock mode toward the sus pected overheated cable that cable will appear in a ighter color in the thermal image if its temperature is higher than the first cable If you instead use Auto mode the color for the two items might appear the same despite their temperature being different 7 11 3 Procedure To go between Auto mode and Lock mode tap the top or bottom temperature value in the temperature scale A gray padlock icon indicates that Lock mode is active 7 12 Setting the emissivity 7 12 1 General To measure temperatures accurately the camera must be aware of the type of surface you are measuring You can choose between the following surface properties e Matt e Semi matt e Semi glossy As an alternative you can set a custom emissivity value For more information about emissivity see section 15 Thermographic measurement tech niques page 41 7 12 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Sel
66. mmercial Copper polished 22 T 0 015 4 mechanical Copper pure carefully 0 008 Ea surface 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference continued e FP E qe EE e ee e Fete ememas o few ws fe rer mene pm fon es fo vo um we h meto emer m n gt Ebers mno m Jum se jo Rebus reuso m SW oss 5 Gm pues m us fosso je me feo m uw fosr so Granite rough 4 different 70 SW 0 95 0 97 samples Granite rough 4 different 0 77 0 87 eee e 2 e ia 4 Wonandstee cola rolled 70 fiw foo s_ Iron and steel covered with red s rh 0 61 0 85 rust Ironandsteel and steel Ironandsteel electrolytic 007 07 Iron and steel electrolytic care CB A VL 05 0 06 fully polished Iron and steel freshly worked 2 with emery Iron and steel ground sheet ground sheet 950 1300 1100 055 061 55 0 61 Iron and steel heavily rusted sheet de Pe raises fonza wo p ez a rnanisee fossza wo p ou ionandstee fossza m o om s rsanises oxdizes ums T foveom 1 Fon ans ne sais aw Tr To 2 1 800 561 8187 www ra n com information itm com 19 Emissivity tables Table 19 1 T
67. n also push the 7 14 Changing the distance 7 14 1 General The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera This pa rameter is used to compensate for the following two facts e That radiation from the target is absorbed by the atmosphere between the object and the camera e That radiation from the atmosphere itself is detected by the camera For more information see section 15 Thermographic measurement techniques page 41 7 14 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar Select Settings This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Measurement parameters This displays a dialog box In the dialog box select Distance This displays a dialog box where you can set a value B oN x 5 To return to live mode tap the upper left arrow Save button once repeatedly You can also push the 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation 7 15 Performing a non uniformity correction 7 15 1 What is a non uniformity correction A non uniformity correction or NUC is an image correction carried out by the camera software to compensate for different sensitivities of detector elements and other optical and geometrical disturbances 7 15 2 When to perform a non uniformity correction The non uniformity correction process should be carried out whenever the output image becomes spatially noisy The output can be
68. n load 12 3 2 Figure The image below shows a series of fuses where one fuse has a raised temperature on the contact surfaces against the fuse holder Because of the fuse holder s blank metal the temperature increase is not visible there while it is visible on the fuse s ceramic material 1 800 561 818 WWW i Im a com information itm com 12 Application examples 12 4 Insulation deficiencies 12 4 1 General Insulation deficiencies may result from insulation losing volume over the course of time and thereby not entirely filling the cavity in a frame wall An infrared camera allows you to see these insulation deficiencies because they either have a different heat conduction property than sections with correctly installed insulation and or show the area where air is penetrating the frame of the building When you are inspecting a building the temperature difference between the inside and outside should be at least 10 C 18 F Studs water pipes concrete columns and similar components may resemble an in sulation deficiency in an infrared image Minor differences may also occur naturally 12 4 2 Figure In the image below insulation in the roof framing is lacking Due to the absence of insula tion air has forced its way into the roof structure which thus takes on a different character istic appearance in the infrared image 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 12 Application examples 12
69. nd e the temperature of the atmosphere Tatm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 18 The measurement formula actual case The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provided the surround ings do not contain large and intense radiation sources A natural question in this connection is How important is it to know the right values of these parameters It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative magni tudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixed values e T 0 88 e Trefi 20 C 68 F e Tatm 20 C 68 F It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measur ing high temperatures since the disturbing radiation sources are relatively much stronger in the first case Should also the object emittance be low the situation would be still more difficult We have finally to answer
70. nd the tripod 15 kg 33 Ib The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set and a 10 L 2 6 US gallon jar with liquid nitrogen To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 Ib can be seen RIGHT FLIR One which was launched in January 2014 is a slide on attachment that gives iPhones thermal imaging capabilities Weight 90 g 3 2 oz FLIR Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the camera systems itself From detector design and manufacturing to lenses and system electronics to final testing and calibration all production steps are carried out and supervised by our own engineers The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists ensures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your infrared camera 13 1 More than just an infrared camera At FLIR Systems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infrared camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera systems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance R amp D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide variety of languages We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equip ment to the most demanding infrared applications 13 2 Sharing our knowledge Alt
71. nformation itm com 16 History of infrared technology Figure 16 4 Samuel P Langley 1834 1906 The improvement of infrared detector sensitivity progressed slowly Another major break through made by Langley in 1880 was the invention of the bolometer This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer re sponded This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a dis tance of 400 meters An English scientist Sir James Dewar first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cool ing agents such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of 196 C 320 8 F in low tem perature research In 1892 he invented a unique vacuum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days The common thermos bottle used for storing hot and cold drinks is based upon his invention Between the years 1900 and 1920 the inventors of the world discovered the infrared Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel artillery aircraft ships and even icebergs The first operating systems in the modern sense began to be developed during the 1914 18 war when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared These programs included experimental systems for enemy in trusion detection remote temperatur
72. object to that of a blackbody as follows Mo Wy E amp E Generally speaking there are three types of radiation source distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength A blackbody for which ex 1 e A graybody for which amp constant less than 1 e A selective radiator for which varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral absorp tance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is E OQ From this we obtain for an opaque material since a pa 1 E t p 1 For highly polished materials y approaches zero so that for a perfectly reflecting material i e a perfect mirror we have p 1 For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes W eoT Watt m This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of from the graybody 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com informationGitm com 17 Theory of thermography Figure 17 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wave length 3 Blackbody 4 Selective radiator 5 Graybody Figure 17 9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Black body 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 17 4 Infrared semi transparent m
73. otton wool to remove excess liquid 3 Clean the lens one time only and discard the cotton wool Make sure that you read all applicable MSDS Material Safety Data Sheets and warning labels on con tainers before you use a liquid the liquids can be dangerous e Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has a delicate anti reflective coating e Do not clean the infrared lens too vigorously This can damage the anti reflective coating 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 12 Application examples 12 1 Moisture amp water damage 12 1 1 General It is often possible to detect moisture and water damage in a house by using an infrared camera This is partly because the damaged area has a different heat conduction property and partly because it has a different thermal capacity to store heat than the surrounding material Many factors can come into play as to how moisture or water damage will appear in an infrared image For example heating and cooling of these parts takes place at different rates depending on the material and the time of day For this reason it is important that other methods are used as well to check for mois ture or water damage 12 1 2 Figure The image below shows extensive water damage on an external wall where the water has penetrated the outer facing because of an incorrectly installed window ledge 12 2 Faulty contact in socket 12 2 1 General Depending on the type of conn
74. prevented disclosure of the status of infrared imaging technology This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950 s and from that time adequate thermal imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 17 Theory of thermography 17 1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera In this section the theory behind thermography will be given 17 2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength regions called bands distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation There is no fundamental difference between radiation in the different bands of the electro magnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength LU 2 3 6 1m 10m 100m 1km 10 nm m Mim ad 10049 1mm 10mm 100mm 2 um 13 um Figure 17 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray 2 UV 3 Visible 4 IR 5 Microwaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wavelength end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further
75. s for example as by an oscil lating mirror in the collecting optics This slower scanning can also be accomplished by tilting the rotating axis of the prism This 45 55 65 70 75 1 3 253 498 SCANNING MECHANISM FOR ELECTRO MAGNETIC RADIATION Per Johan Lindberg Stockholm and Hans Gunnar Malm berg Solna Sweden assignors to AGA Aktiebolaget a corporation of Sweden Filed May 14 1962 Ser No 194 622 Claims priority application renan May 19 1961 299 6 2 Claims Cl 88 1 This invention relates to an improved optical scanning mechanism for receiving electromagnetic radiation and to radiation responsive means utilizing such optical scan ning It is an object of the invention to provide improved op tical scanning means of the character indicated It is another object of the invention to provide ii proved means for continuously and automatically scan ning of a field of view for ascertaining energy levels in such field It is a further object of the invention to provide means for optical scanning of said field of view many times per second A further specific object is to provide means for more accurate and efficient scanning of a field of view the dead or nonutilized scanning time being reduced to a small value Other objects and various further features of novelty and invention will be pointed out or will occur to those skilled in the art from a reading of the following specifica lion in con
76. s of a number of different radiation sources This is done on line automatically by the cam era The following object parameters must however be supplied for the camera e The emissivity of the object e The reflected apparent temperature e The distance between the object and the camera e The relative humidity e Temperature of the atmosphere 15 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object compared to that from a perfect blackbody of the same temperature Normally object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approxi mately 0 1 to 0 95 A highly polished mirror surface falls below 0 1 while an oxidized or painted surface has a higher emissivity Oil based paint regardless of color in the visible spectrum has an emissivity over 0 9 in the infrared Human skin exhibits an emissivity 0 97 to 0 98 Non oxidized metals represent an extreme case of perfect opacity and high reflexivity which does not vary greatly with wavelength Consequently the emissivity of metals is low only increasing with temperature For non metals emissivity tends to be high and de creases with temperature 15 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 15 2 1 1 Step 1 Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature 1 800 561 8187
77. s Indigo Systems FSI and Inframetrics and the French company Cedip Since 2007 FLIR Systems has acquired several companies with world leading expertise in sensor technologies e Extech Instruments 2007 e fara Tecnolog as 2008 e Salvador Imaging 2009 e OmniTech Partners 2009 e Directed Perception 2009 e Raymarine 2010 e Cx Technologies 2010 s TackTick Marine Digital Instruments 201 1 e Aerius Photonics 2011 e Lorex Technology 2012 e Traficon 20 12 e MARSS 2013 e DigitalOptics micro optics business 2013 PATENT SPECIFICATION DRAWINGS ATTACHED Inventors PER JOHAN LINDBERG and HANS GUNNER MALMBERG 3 253 498 Patented May 31 1966 United States Patent Office No 45167 63 Index at acceptance H4 F6H Int 10 15 25 30 35 Figure 13 1 Patent documents from the early 1960s CL H 04 n 3 06 1 057 624 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Nov 15 1963 Complete Specification Published Feb I 1967 Crown Copyright 1967 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Scanning Mechanism We AGA AKTIEBOLAG formerly Svenska Akticbolaget Gasaccumulator of Liding Sweden a Swedish Company do hereby de clare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be par ticularly described in and by the following statement This invention relates to scanning mechan isms and
78. ss other information is specified in the user documentation or technical data If you operate the battery out of this temperature range it can decrease the performance or the life cycle of the battery CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries When the battery is worn apply insulation to the terminals with adhesive tape or equivalent materials be fore you discard it Damage to the battery and injury to persons can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Applicability Cameras with one or more batteries Remove any water or moisture on the battery before you install it Damage to the battery can occur if you do not do this CAUTION Do not apply solvents or equivalent liquids to the camera the cables or other items Damage to the bat tery and injury to persons can occur CAUTION Be careful when you clean the infrared lens The lens has an anti reflective coating which is easily dam aged Damage to the infrared lens can occur CAUTION Do not use too much force to clean the infrared lens This can cause damage to the anti reflective coating The encapsulation rating is only applicable when all the openings on the camera are sealed with their cor rect covers hatches or caps This includes the compartments for data storage batteries and connectors 1 800 561 8187 www TE xn x information itm com 3 Notice to user 3 1 User to user forums Exchange ideas problems and infrared solutions with fe
79. ssed as two blackbody temperatures that limit the current calibration The way in which an IR image currently is displayed Expressed as two temperature values limiting the colors infrared image Gases and materials can be more or less transparent Transmission is the amount of IR radiation passing through them A number be tween 0 and 1 An isotherm showing a linear spread of colors instead of covering the highlighted parts of the image Refers to the video mode of a IR camera as opposed to the normal thermographic mode When a camera is in video mode it captures or dinary video images while thermographic images are captured when the camera is in IR mode 1 800 561 8187 WWW tran com information itm com 15 Thermographic measurement techniques 15 1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared radiation from an object The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature However the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the temperature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity Radiation also originates from the sur roundings and is reflected in the object The radiation from the object and the reflected ra diation will also be influenced by the absorption of the atmosphere To measure temperature accurately it is therefore necessary to compensate for the effect
80. subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 um the middle infrared 3 6 um the far infrared 6 15 um and the extreme infrared 15 100 um Although the wavelengths are given in jum micrometers other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region e g nanometer nm and ngstr m The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is 10000 1000 nm 1 u 1 pm 17 3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radiation is ex plained by Kirchhoff s Law after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 which states that a body capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally capable in the emis sion of radiation 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 17 Theory of thermography Figure 17 2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 The construction of a blackbody source is in principle very simple The radiation charac teristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material repre sents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight ex cept for an aperture in one of the sides Any ra
81. television Said prism can be rotated very rapidly according to our invention and several thousands of scans per second can be accomplished In this way our invention allows com plete scanning of said field of view many times per second exceeding the frame frequency of ordinary motion pic tures Referring to the drawings the arrangement according to our invention is characterized by an image surface gen erated inside the circumscribed circle of said prism by a collecting optics 9 in FIGURE 4 Said prism is in our invention of the form of a plane parallel refractive prism which is in one case 1 shown in FIG 1 Said 10 30 35 a a Z E 60 2 e 2 prism has in our invention an even number of sides and is rotated about an axis 2 as indicated by the arrow in FIG 4 that is perpendicular to the paper in FIG 1 The said collecting optics has an optical axis 4 that in tersects said rotating axis 2 and is perpendicular thereto The image surface 5 generated by said collecting optical system is situated inside said prism Just outside the circle 3 generated by said rotating prism and on the optical axis 4 a scanning aperture 6 is located through which a radiation passes to the radiation energy respon sive clement 12 such as a photocell bolometer or the like depending upon the energy spectrum of interest When said prism rotates the scanning aperture 6 scans a line on said image surface 5 and when a corner of sa
82. temperature of the atmosphere between the camera and the target e External optics temperature i e the temperature of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera e External optics transmittance i e the transmission of any external lenses or windows used in front of the camera 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com information itm com 16 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800 the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn t even suspected The original significance of the infrared spectrum or simply the in frared as it is often called as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800 Figure 16 1 Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material Sir Wil liam Herschel Royal Astronomer to King George III of England and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus was searching for an optical filter material to reduce the brightness of the sun s image in telescopes during solar observations While testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was in trigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun s heat while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up
83. ter Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltz mann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is propor tional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Graphically Wp represents the area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature It can be shown that the radiant emit tance in the interval A 0 to Amax is only 25 of the total which represents about the amount of the sun s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum Figure 17 7 Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 Using the Stefan Boltzmann formula to calculate the power radiated by the human body at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx 2 m2 we obtain 1 kW This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensating absorption of ra diation from surrounding surfaces at room temperatures which do not vary too drastically from the temperature of the body or of course the addition of clothing 17 3 4 Non blackbody emitters So far only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wavelength region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For ex ample a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spec trum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 um and beyond 3 um it is almost black There ar
84. the spotmeter on the screen 7 7 1 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tapthe camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Measurement This displays a submenu toolbar 3 Onthe submenu toolbar select Center spot Y The temperature at the position of the spotmeter will now be displayed in the top left corner of the screen 7 8 Hiding measurement tools 7 8 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Measurement This displays a submenu toolbar 3 Onthe submenu toolbar select No measurements 4 7 9 Changing the color palette 7 9 1 General You can change the color palette that the camera uses to display different temperatures A different palette can make it easier to analyze an image 7 9 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Color This displays a submenu toolbar 3 Onthe submenu toolbar select the type of color palette e Iron e Rainbow e Rainbow HC e Gray 7 10 Changing the image mode 7 10 1 General The camera captures both thermal and visual images at the same time By your choice of image mode you select which type of image to display on the screen The camera supports the following image modes e Thermal MSX Multi Spectral Dynamic Imaging The camera displays an infrared im age where the edges of the objects are enhanced with
85. ural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remark ably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infrared optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crys tal growing was mastered in the 1930 s Figure 16 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors remained unchallenged until 1829 the year Nobili invented the thermocouple Herschel s own thermometer could be read to 0 2 C 0 036 F and later models were able to be read to 0 05 C 0 09 F Then a breakthrough oc curred Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive as the best thermometer of the day for detecting heat radiation capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three me ters away The first so called heat picture became possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discoverer of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pattern focused upon it the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the interference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper which he called a thermograph 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com i
86. visual image details 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation Thermal MSX e Thermal The camera displays a fully infrared image 28 4 50 E Thermal e Digital camera The camera displays only the visual image captured by the digital camera To display a good fusion image Thermal MSX mode the camera must make adjustments to compensate for the small difference in position between the digital camera lens and the infrared lens To adjust the image accurately the camera requires the alignment distance i e the distance to the object 7 10 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Image mode This displays a submenu toolbar 3 On the submenu toolbar select one of the following Thermal MSX Z e Thermal m e Digital camera n 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation 4 If you have selected the Thermal MSX mode also set the distance to the object by doing the following e On the submenu toolbar select Alignment distance This displays a dialog box e Inthe dialog box select the distance to the object 7 11 Changing the temperature scale mode 7 11 1 General The camera can operate in two different temperature scale modes e Auto mode In this mode the camera is continuously auto adjusted for the best image brightness and contrast e Lock mode In this mode the ca
87. vity to 1 0 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 15 Thermographic measurement techniques 5 Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down MI l Figure 15 4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil 15 2 1 2 Step 2 Determining the emissivity Follow this procedure 1 2 OO oom 9 10 11 12 Select a place to put the sample Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure Put a piece of electrical tape with known high emissivity on the sample Heat the sample at least 20 K above room temperature Heating must be reasonably even Focus and auto adjust the camera and freeze the image Adjust Level and Span for best image brightness and contrast Set emissivity to that of the tape usually 0 97 Measure the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions e Isotherm helps you to determine both the temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample e Spot simpler e Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity Write down the temperature Move your measurement function to the sample surface Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measurement Write down the emissivity Avoid forced convection Look for a thermally stable surrounding that will not generate spot reflections Use high quality tape that you know is
88. wings in dxf and pdf format e Cad data models in stp format e Application stories e Technical datasheets e Product catalogs 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 5 Quick Start Guide 5 1 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Charge the battery for approximately 1 5 hours using the FLIR power supply 2 Push the On off button C to turn on the camera 3 Aim the camera toward your target of interest 4 Push the Save button to save an image Optional steps Install FLIR Tools on your computer Start FLIR Tools Connect the camera to your computer using the USB cable Import the images into FLIR Tools Create a PDF report in FLIR Tools O BON OUI 1 800 561 8187 WWW i Im a com x information itm com Description 6 1 View from the front 1 Camera lamp 2 Digital camera lens 3 Infrared lens 4 Attachment point 6 2 View from the rear PENA 1 On off button 2 Save button 3 Camera screen 1 800 561 8187 www GE com information itm com 6 Description 6 3 Connector The purpose of this USB Micro B connector is the following e Charging the battery using the FLIR power supply e Moving images from the camera to a computer for further analysis in FLIR Tools 28 4 C W D Thermal MSX o 8 C 1 13 Main menu toolbar Submenu toolbar Result table Status icons Temperature scale Spotmeter oie Oh
89. ximately 500 images can be saved to the internal camera memory 7 3 3 Naming convention The naming convention for images is FLIRxxxx jpg where xxxx is a unique counter 7 3 4 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 To save an image push the Save button 7 4 Recalling an image 7 4 1 General When you save an image it is stored in the internal camera memory To display the image again you can recall it from the internal camera memory 7 4 2 Procedure Follow this procedure 1 Tap the camera screen This displays the main menu toolbar 2 Select Images This displays an image in the image archive 3 Toview the previous or next image do one of the following e Swipe left or right N e Tap the left arrow or the right arrow 4 To switch between a thermal image and a visual image swipe up or down 1 800 561 8187 www i Im a com information itm com 7 Operation Tap the camera screen This displays a toolbar e Select Full screen or Exit full screen to switch between the full screen and normal views e Select Thumbnails to display the thumbnail overview To scroll between the thumbnails swipe up down To display an image tap its thumbnail Select Delete to delete the image e Select Information 9 to display information about the image my 4 a e Select Camera to return to live mode 7 5 Deleting an image 7 5 1 General You can delete an image from the internal camera Memory 7 5 2
90. y dispute controversy or claim arising out of or in connection with this war ranty shall be finally settled by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce The place of ar bitration shall be Stockholm The language to be used in the arbitral proceed ings shall be English 1 2 Usage statistics FLIR Systems reserves the right to gather anonymous usage Statistics to help maintain and improve the quality of our software and services 1 3 Changes to registry The registry entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Control Lsa LmCompatibilityLevel will be automatically changed to level 2 if the FLIR Camera Monitor service detects a FLIR camera connected to the computer with a USB cable The modification will only be executed if the cam era device implements a remote network service that supports network logons 1 4 U S Government Regulations This product may be subject to U S Export Regulations Please send any in quiries to exportquestions flir com 1 5 Copyright 2015 FLIR Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide No parts of the soft ware including source code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems The documentation must not in whole or part be copied photocopie

User`s manual FLIR Cx series

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents