A Process Automation Of A Conventional Manually
Contents
1. 19 List of materials and 20 Structured system operation nennen na 21 vi ABSTRACT This design project is all about liguid soap dispenser automation A conventional soap dispenser container available in the market was used for the conceptualized design which functions through interfaced electronic components such as sensors a microcontroller a motor and a switch among others This project aims to reinvent the existing manual oriented design to make a simple yet significant change in the way people wash their hands In the course of the design procedure the researchers saw the need to adjust the flow control of the device in dispensing so that there is consistency in the amount given off Consequently the researchers were able to conclude that compared to conventional manually triggered liquid soap dispensers the design prototype proved to be more ergonomic efficient and hygienic Keywords liquid thickness sensors switches PIC microcontroller vii Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION A Frame of reference With the rapid progressive change in technology work is made more convenient through innovations that provide man with a faster way of doing his task Not only this technological advancement has also given solution to strenuous activ2. Moyo W Ratum fram imanupi Raum with in W Return fram Subroutina Go Into standby moda Suttract trom Esnitusiva OF with W Haiei an register is as a Tunction isaf eg sovr 1 the value usad wil ba that valuo presant on e ping thamsotess Form pia F tha data lale is 1 for a pin conigumd as input and is driven low by ari astarral Cowon tha data wil ba writan back with a Tr 2 inetruction cescuted on the THAO register Land where d 11 tha proscaler will be cinaned assigned to e Timari Module Program Counter PC i modified er a conditional best trum She ingiruchoni requires two cycles Tha second axncuind as a T x x
3. automation is achieved at consistent rate In getting the average of a total of 10 trials in the normal operation test the basic formula was used AVERAGE Amount1 Amount2 Amount10 10 The same holds true for the period taken by the device to dispense liguid soap in one cycle AVERAGE Time1 Time2 Time10 10 Time was measured to have a view of how long it takes for the device to dispense the soap In order to get the actual volume the formula was used Voy 3 1416 2 5cm height obtained per trial in cm The volume gathered for each trial as recorded reflected the consistency in the dispensing action done by the automated system This also shows the edge of using the system as compared to the hassle presented by the conventional manually triggered liquid soap dispenser Reflected in the design project s objectives the first set of tests gave enough validation that the amount yield by 27 the device is consistent and may also be used as basis to further strengthen the claim for the other following tests The second test included the prototype operating under condition in that it is assumed that the user s hand is placed within the sensor s range just enough to block it and held there for a specific period exceeding the time of its normal operation to perform a single dispensing action The results of this test may be used to evaluate the behaviour of the device and to confirm consistency as
4. contact to the device in the dispensing of the liguid soap The manual process of doing it mostly leads to a repetitive process of activating the pump until the desired amount of liguid soap is obtained A dispenser with a low amount of liquid soap it is also rather inconsistent since high pressure applied to the pump will result to a sudden scattering of soap In other cases where the manual trigger is placed near the base the issue of whether it is hygienic or not is raised because still the device comes in contact with the user s hand The existing design is plain and lacks enough character to become more user friendly Because of its container it will be an intricate task to refill the container which is very important most especially for commercial uses C Objective of the design The general objective of the design project aims to automate the manually triggered liquid soap dispenser and improve its functionality more by adding features that the previous designs did not have Specifically what the group aims to enhance is the functionality of dispensing liquid soap without having to make contact with the device itself It is also the group s specific objective to include a level indicator which will show how much liguid soap is contained inside the device This will help in refilling the container which is one of the problems in having a dispenser more importantly for commercial uses The level indicator also adds a user friendl
5. of the amount of liquid soap dispensed was first measured in millimetres before it was converted to centimetres for substitution to the formula in getting the cylinder s volume To be able to obtain the total volume of the amount of 25 liguid soap dispensed by the device the group applied basic mathematic formulas that will make the value more comprehensive This procedure was done for all of the operation tests since the group deemed it impractical to buy a digital weighing scale for the purpose of measuring the liguid soap s weight only The first test conducted checked if the prototype will operate in its normal condition This means that it was assumed to its standard state where user will place his hand to block the transmitting range of the IR sensor to get enough liguid soap After 10 trials the prototype was able to dispense an amount of liquid soap given the specified delay within the microcontroller s program The following table represents the respective amount of liquid soap dispensed by the device for every given time Table 2 Normal Operation Trial Amount of Liquid Soap Time sec Dispensed in ml 1 3 93 ml 1 46 2 1 96 ml 0 86 3 2 95 ml 1 15 4 4 52 ml 1 68 5 3 14 ml 1 24 6 3 93 ml 1 35 26 7 1 96 0 72 8 1 96 0 83 9 2 75 1 04 10 3 34 1 43 Average 3 04 1 18 The first set of test indicates that
6. operate as an output for the proposed project while a simple infrared sensor will be implemented to serve as input Lastly the microcontroller is an important component which controls the processes occurring in the system Design Procedure DATA GATHERING MATERIALS SOURCING CIRCUIT ASSEMBLY Figure 2 Design Flow Diagram Initially the research team sourced out data from journals relating to liguid soap dispensers A draft design of the design project was made to have an idea of how the soap dispenser would look like and the materials it will reguire in assembling A manual liguid soap dispenser container with one opening will be used to contain the liguid soap and discharge it from the said container To attain automation DC motor connected to arm is used to activate the manual soap dispenser s pump button and discharge a limited amount of soap intermittently The DC motor will be activated by infrared sensor to perform its task the infrared sensor s transmitter determines a blocking of light while the receiver is used as indication for the device to perform the discharging of liguid soap All signals and tasks will be controlled by the microcontroller crystal resonator and a relay as the major components while other components control the incoming voltage from the supply respectively The crystal resonator will determine the processing speed of the device The microcontroller is integrated circuit
7. that contains the control function of the whole device the program constructed will be giving signals to the operations of the dc motor infrared sensor and limit switch The PIC16F84A microcontroller s operating frequency is 20 MHz clock input in DC mode On the other hand the limit switch will be accessed by the DC motor lever arm the DC motor when activated will perform a clockwise rotation which will activate the limit switch to signal the relay device to reverse the rotation of the dc motor and again when the dc motor reached the other limit switch it will signal the dc motor to stop the rotation All electrical components are soldered to the PCB and a step down transformer is used to lower the voltage entering the prototype to avoid excess voltage Figures 3 and 4 show the system s block and schematic diagrams respectively to demonstrate in detail the parts and operation of the automation pictorially CRYSTAL RESONATOR PIC16F84A Microcontroller LED INDICATORS TRANSFORMER BRIDGE RECTIFIER IR SENSOR LEVEL SENSORS INPUT VOLTAGE Figure 3 System Block Diagram PHOTO NPN PIC16F84A Figure 4 Schematic Diagram nzi lt J Ee Eme C O ille Figure 5 Foil Pattern Layout Figure 6 PCB Layout Figure 5 shows the main circuit s foil pattern layout detailing the location of the circuit components vital for the system s operation The main co
8. to something more useful and operational by enhancing its main features to cope up with man s needs for technology Chapter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Conclusion After careful consideration of the results obtained from using a systematic methodology to create a working prototype the researchers were able to conclude that at the end of the comparative analysis the automated liquid soap dispenser is very helpful and reasonable to use as an efficient tool in washing our hands because of its automation Consequently the previous design for the manual dispenser proved to be lacking in terms of consistency and some of its functionality which were factors that led to the additional improvement for the 32 new automated design The group then also concludes that since the design prototype has demonstrated excellent automation it should be directed towards commercial sale so that it may help make life more convenient for people The tests conducted on the design project also prove the consistency in the amount of liquid soap dispensed and gave validation that the device in itself may not be abused With the testing results together with data gathered from the operation of conventional liquid soap dispensers the group was also able to conclude that the automated system is more convenient as compared to manually triggered dispensers since the idea of contact has already been eliminated Recommendation Since the study focuses on
9. A Process Automation Of A Conventional Manually Triggered Liguid Soap Dispenser By Mark Henrison Brent E Ordono Lerwin Chris U Tan A Design Report Submitted to the School of Electrical Engineering Electronics and Communications Engineering and Computer Engineering in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Mapua Institute of Technology January 2009 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The group would like to first and foremost express their gratitude to God for giving them enough determination and guidance to successfully carry out the objectives and meet the requirements of the design project Secondly the group would like to thank their friends and family members who helped in the conceptualization of the project as a whole most especially their parents for giving them support and guidance in this endeavor Thirdly the group would also like to thank Engr Analyn Yumang for the support and invaluable guidance she gave them to be prepared for the oral defense and for spending important time to check their project documentation until finally solid They also would like to thank the panel Engr Eliseo D Francisco Engr Carlos Hortinela IV and Engr Joyce Santos for accepting the invitation and cooperating with the changing defense schedules Lastly the group would like to express their utmost and sincerest appreciation to their beloved instructor Engr Noel B Lins
10. Level sensor probes Maximum capacity of liquid soap in mL LOW 120 MID 400 HIGH 850 The above values represent the actual amount of the remaining liquid soap available inside the container as measured through incremental putting of water until the desired level has already been reached Testing was not favourable for the design all the time though In the beginning of interface and circuit assembly the connection between the IR sensor and the PCB was not well soldered thereby causing inconsistent reactions towards the output of the device There were trials which caused no operation at all even though the sensor s range is completely interfered After checking things and polishing connections the three operational tests above mentioned were conducted to finalize that the device is already considered working 31 In addition the group later found out that the operating range for the IR sensor is about to 5 cm thatit is sensitive to light although its 5 5 are thin The testing and analysis conducted by the group on the automated system discloses its advantages over the conventional liguid soap dispenser first being its style since the additional level indicators give it more usability Another is the hands free hassle free convenient acquisition of soap which provides less work one of the aims of post modern technology Overall the automation itself reinvented the ordinary liquid soap dispenser
11. Oech where h hexadecknal digli FIGURE 7 1 GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS Byte orlented file ragistar oparatiors 18 s d Ofor dastinatinn W dz 1 dastinatian Tbk tio mgs ackirass fa registor operations 13 10 9 7 B 0 b 41 7 bf addimus fie register ackirass E Literal and control operations B T immediabe value CALL and gozo only 13 11 DP2CODE 17 58 immediate value A description each inetructibn avaliable ihe PiCmicrto Mid Hange Relenance Manual Dane 50 TABLE 7 2 PIC18CXXX INSTRUCTION SET Mroemcenik Deaeripilom 14 818 Bena ses a Notes Operands man LS5 BYTE ORIENTED FILE REGISTER OPERATIONS Add W ard AND W with Cloart W 1 Dacremant Dacremant i Sin F 1 Incremart amp Skip F inclusiva CR W witht W sn T No Oparation Fiptasa Latt through Carry Roa Right Cary Subra W bom f F Hib FiFi F4 Swap nibbles in Exvusiv CR W with T 01 01 Gibb Lb BtTastT Skip f Clear 1 01 iDbh Lb Be Tastt Skip f Bat 1 01 LITERAL AHD CONTROL OPERATIONS Add aral aret YA AND oral with Yi subroutine Cinar Walohdog Timar Go to address inclusiva CA Maral with W
12. al use WEAKNESSES May leak after operation Only limited to dispensing substances having the same thickness as liquid soap Operation is dependent on lever arm WEAKNESSES Unhygienic physical contact required Unstable for each dispensing cycle Liquid soap may be easily abused Operation is dependent on pressure 24 applied by user e May scatter soap due to inconsistent application of pressure Table 1 summarizes the comparative analysis done by the group as reflected from the results gathered from testing the behaviour of each system in different circumstances It itemizes the strengths and weaknesses of each system which provides a clearer point of view before performing the actual operational tests A total number of four major tests were conducted three of which have 10 trials each to verify if the expected output is met while the last set was made to determine the consistency of the aluminium probes in the level indicator A separate test was also conducted to see the result of the operation using a conventional liquid soap dispenser and for later comparison in the behaviour of both systems being evaluated The amount of liquid soap dispensed was measured by use of a small cup where the group measured for the total diameter of the cup and after each trial the height of the total liquid soap given off was again measured The diameter of the measuring cup is 5 cm while the height
13. angan for providing them the most important lessons that they need in life and for assisting them in this endeavor ONG Mark Henrison C ORDONO Brent E TAN Lerwin Chris U TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE Wa ama mena wwe MANE wa i APPROVAL SHEET a eoe ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTT L iii TABLE OF CONTENTS atria pb ipei tab iv LIST OF TABLES attoniti inte E Fave e Qu iia LIST OF FIGURES elabor ABSTRACT aL am u aaa eu nama amma vii Chapter 1 DESIGN BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION 1 A Frame of reference 1 B Statement of the problem 2 C Objective of the design 2 D Significance of the design 3 E Conceptual framework corri Det io Ben d eaa tura 4 F Scope and deliMitatioN eren rennen 5 G Definition of terms ex rue ee 6 Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 12 Chapter 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES 15 Chapter 4 TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA 24 Chap
14. ble clock signal for digital integrated circuits and to stabilize frequencies for radio transmitters or receivers Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Direct current DC is the unidirectional flow of electric charge Direct current is produced by such sources as batteries thermocouples solar cells and commutator type electric machines of the dynamo type It may be obtained from an alternating current supply Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Direct current motor DC motor convert electric power into mechanical work This is accomplished by forcing current through a coil and producing a magnetic field that spins the motor Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory EEPROM is a non volatile storage chip used in computers and other devices to store small amounts of volatile data like calibration tables and device configurations Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor that uses an ionic conducting liquid as one of its plates Typically with a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types they are valuable in relatively high current and low frequency electrical circuits This is especially the case in power supply filters where they store charge needed to moderate output voltage and current fluctuations in rectifier output Fundamentals of Elect
15. ce it will rely on the user s prerogative the duration of the operation per use The intervening variable is the microcontroller since it manages the operation of the whole system it is the actual processor of the independent variables to drive the dependent variables The lever arm on the other hand controls the dispensing action and allows liquid soap to flow from the container while the limit switch identifies the boundary by which the lever arm will rotate F Scope and delimitation The study covers the operation of the automated dispenser prototype in dispensing liquid soap as compared to manually triggered liquid soap dispensers This study also engages in demonstrating the ergonomics behind the design prototype s transparency in its functions and interface Automation is perceived to be done by using infrared and lever sensors DC motor and relay a lever arm with a limit switch which are all interfaced to a PIC16F84A microcontroller to effectively dispense liquid soap The proposed design project however does not include a working price for public consumption or for other commercial sale The manufacturing cost may be affected by a lot of factors hence it is not specified In addition the dispensing device may only use liquid substances with the same thickness of liquid soap Due to accumulated air in the installed tube to access 5 the liguid soap there may be cases when the dispenser will give drops of liguid soap even af
16. creating a design prototype suitable for liquid soap dispensing automation alone the group recommends further studies to re establish a circuit design which can be more cost effective so that the manufacturing cost may easily be related The group also recommends that a new design for the lever arm be made in order to give the prototype more style and presentation fit for sale in appliance stores Another way to improve the design prototype is to manufacture an original casing for the actual dispenser so that automation and interface may be made easier With a sporadic container also the maximum amount of liquid soap that may be placed can be controlled and there is more freedom in the designing concept 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY Alexander Sadiku 2008 Fundamentals of Electric Circuits August 27 2008 Fourth Edition Mc Graw Hill Bolo J Buenafe Catalan L J Reyes J B Sambaoa C J 2007 Bill Changer October 2007 Design Documentation Gettelman A 2003 There s No Soap Buildings volume 36 23 26 Lugmayr L 2006 Soap Genie Automatic Soap Dispenser I4U News volume 29 35 37 34 Neergaard L 2005 Men s hands dirtier than women s study says The Herald September 22 2005 issue 1 Painter 2007 Yes Washing Hands Works USA Today November 6 2007 issue 1 Wong H Y 2006 Washing Hands with an Automatd Soap Dispenser can Avoid Cross Contamination Ezine Articl
17. e speed of the dc motor rotation Also the mini relay is used to process the rotation of the dc motor the dc motor rotates clockwise but in reaching the limit switch the mini relay will be responsible to reverse the rotation of the lever arm and to reach another limit switch to make it stop 3 Output will be the functions of the discharging of liguid from the object In this process the dc motor takes the role of discharging the liguid through the lever arm of the dc motor which will rotate to press the pump button of the container and will stop the rotation of the lever arm once it activates 22 the limit switch which will trigger the relay to reverse the rotation of the lever arm switch to stop the rotation Chapter 4 and will activate the other limit TESTING PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA With the completion of the design prototype testing was conducted to check the validity of its output Table 1 Comparative analysis AUTOMATED LIQUID SOAP CONVENTIONAL LIQUID SOAP 23 DISPENSER DISPENSER STRENGTHS No human contact therefore hygienic to use Level indicators Show how much soap is left inside Has a stable solid base Electrically powered More convenient easier to use Liquid soap may not be abused STRENGTHS User can determine how much liquid soap he will get Transparent container easily shows the amount left inside Great for person
18. ed the importance of washing hands and even asked her readers to comment on why some people do not wash their hands after using the restroom They responded that they do not urinate on their hands or touch any dirty or unclean body parts Some said that they do not walk out with any more germs than they came in with while many others said that washing up in dirty and poorly appointed public restrooms might do more harm than good One person commented that The invention of no touch motion detecting faucets and soap dispensers is proof that conventional washing is a source of germs Lastly H Y Wong in his Enzine Article entitled Washing Hands With an Automatic Soap Dispenser Can Avoid Cross Contamination on October 2006 discussed the simple habit of washing hands with soap and water after going to the toilet He even suggested that to avoid cross contamination it is better to use liquid soap instead of a soap bar In this way germs will not be deposited and accumulated on the soap bar Therefore it is better to use an automatic liquid soap dispenser with quick and easy operation and stated that an ordinary liquid soap dispenser requires a push at the top to dispense soap which leaves the possibility that the top of the dispenser can become contaminated with germs when it is pushed Lastly he cited that According to UNICEF millions of children s lives can be saved in third world countries from diarrhea and pneumonia by the simple habit o
19. es October 2006 issue 4 6 Prescaler Input new Input prev Org 0x0000 APPENDIX Program Listing 20 equ H 21 equ H 22 equ H 23 Initialize bcf STATUS RP1 bsf STATUS RPO movlw 11000011 movwf OPTION REG 35 Main Chk_Obj movlw B 11111111 movwf TRISA movlw B 00000000 movwf TRISB bcf STATUS RPO clrf Tmr clrf Prescaler clrf PORTB movf PORTA W movwf Input New movwf Input Prev movf PORTA W movwf Input New btfss Input New 3 goto No Obj btfsc Input Prev 3 goto ObjX movf Tmr W btfss STATUS Z goto ObjX movlw D 160 movwf Tmr goto ObjX 36 Chk_ObjX Chk_Hi Chk_Mid Chk_Lo clrf Tmr clrf Prescaler nop movf Input_New W andiw 0000100 btfsc STATUS Z goto Chk_Mid bsf PORTB 2 bcf PORTB 1 bcf PORTB 0 goto Do_Tmr movf Input_New W andiw 0000010 btfsc STATUS Z bcf PORTB 2 bsf PORTB 1 bcf PORTB 0 goto Do_Tmr movf Input_New W andlw B 00000001 btfsc STATUS Z goto Empty bcf PORTB 2 37 Empty Do Tmr Do Tmrz Do TmrX bcf PORTB 1 bsf PORTB 0 goto Do Tmr bcf PORTB 2 bcf PORTB 1 bcf PORTB 0 movf Tmr W btfsc STATUS Z goto Do TmrZ bsf PORTB 3 incf Prescaler F movlw 07200 subwf Prescaler W btfss STATUS C goto Do TmrX clrf Prescaler decf Tmr F goto Do TmrX bcf PORTB 3 nop movf Input New W
20. f washing hands with soap and water after going to the toilet Chapter 3 DESIGN METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES Design Methodology The methodology used to design the proposed prototype was a constructive improvement Through developing the existing liquid soap 14 dispenser s capabilities the strengths and weaknesses of each of the conventional and desired automated system s operation are revealed and so the enhancement and issues that are needed to be addressed are identified The group therefore found it easier to gather data from automation projects that have been already documented which uses the same resources that they will be using in accordance to some articles that proved to be somehow credible enough to suggest circuit components Documented automation projects include those found the school s library of which details the process in coming up with a bill to coin converter Comparative analysis was also used to determine the improvement made from the conventional soap dispenser design Comparison will therefore be based on criteria which will evaluate the behaviour of each system in circumstances which it can encounter in its actual operation Consultation with knowledgeable persons specializing in circuit assembly and analysis regarding the problem was also made to come up with a doable and simple design and estimate the components and materials needed In consulting a draft design led to an idea of making a DC motor
21. h tech fun and also has some sanitary benefits by using it which finishes by saying that there are no arguments in buying the soap genie Furthermore an article by Alan Gettelman of Buildings For Facilities Decision Makers which is entitled There s No Soap on July 2003 states that so many times people complain about washrooms running out of soaps which results in scrambling an unscheduled worker taking him away from his regular duties to refill soaps Allan Gettelman said that dispensers normally reguire regular attention to keep them full others are cheap which are not recommended for heavy use There are also cartridge soap dispensers which use expensive soap Lastly he concluded that there is still no conventional soap dispenser that will fully relieve the facility manager from constant attention to soap levels Morover Lauran Neergaard in his article in The Herald entitled Men s hands dirtier than women s study says on September 22 2005 compares men and women in washing their hands after urinating He affirms that only 25 of male washes while 90 of female washes When some males were interviewed about not washing after using comfort rooms they reason out that washing their hands doesn t guarantee that their hands are already clean because of the doors knobs and faucet they handle contain germs also In addition Kim Painter in his article entitled Yes Washing Hands Works in USA Today November 6 2007 explain
22. his test is no longer needed since a sudden interruption will make the lever arm go back to its normal state therefore prohibiting the flow of liquid soap The objective of the third test is to verify if 29 the device will refuse to give off liguid soap after it has already given its designated amount set at a programmed delay within the microcontroller s operation The separate test previously mentioned which was done using the conventional liquid soap dispenser to determine the operation of the conventional system as point of comparison to relate the own results gathered from testing the automated system The test is vital for meeting the design project s objectives because the operation of manually triggered liquid soap dispensers will either outplay or lag that of the design project s operation The test yielded the following results Table 4 Conventional liquid soap dispenser operation Applied pressure Amount of liquid soap dispensed in ml Half way 1 96 ml Full 3 63 ml 30 Some tests were also conducted for the validity of the probes in the level sensor to check the amount of liguid soap left inside the container Since it uses the substance s conductivity to view the level the researchers tried to put water inside the container and for each probe the connection and interface proved to be effective with three LED indicators to display their output Table 5 Level indicator probe test
23. interrupt Change en PORTE interrupt Timer clock ingul Table 1 1 detalls the of e device deserip ions and dalails for sach Data Momory File Hag ster PICIEFHA LX masRan 48 TABLE 1 1 PICT18F382A PINOUT DESCRIPTION SIC Burser Ha Ha m w Er 15 77 7 15 Oscillator crystal output Connocts to crystal or sasonator in Crystal osiin modo In F made CSC pin outputs CLEDUT which has 14 the trequancy of OEC and coches the instruction cycle rain E 4 a ST Marzinr clear rasa inputiprogramming voltage input This pin iz an active raset to da dence PORTA a bedinactional por Car also ba salected to be the clock input to Ihn TMRO timeriountar Qutpu is drain PORTE is a bidirectional MO port PORTE can ba Programmed for internal weak pull up on all inputs can ako ba selected as anasoma irinrnapt pin Ininmapt an change pin inept on change pin change pin Serial programming clock an E zin Serial programming data s ey E ee Fee suerte ege anco pre Legand l ingt O puput VO pa Ch put pownr Mot TTL TTL input Trigger input Note 1 This buter is a Schm Ez Triggor input when configuend as tha miamal intermupt This butter a Triggnr input
24. ities that people do every day either simple or burdensome Through this trend household fixtures have slowly been technologically improved that gave them more style and usability More particularly in the bathroom flushing the toilet is no more than a push of a button away taking a shower is more refreshing with digital control over the water s temperature quick rinse is always available by means of bidet wash Later it became evident that sharing bar of soap bathroom is just simply unhygienic therefore liguid soap was made Liguid soap dispensers operate with the use of a manually triggered pump connected to extended tube the diameter of which is the same as the base of the main pump which sucks the air out through a nozzle With liquid soap filled higher than the level of the extended tube s end the dispensing process is attained and the amount of soap that is given out relies on how much pressure is manually applied on the pump thus presenting a more reasonable way of washing hands Other designs provide an upside down approach to dispensing liquid soap where the pump is located in front of the casing s base triggering this pump will open latch simultaneously with a compartment in vacuum allowing soap to flow through B Statement of the problem Liguid soap dispensers although helpful can also be inconvenient in a longer duration The main problem therefore is based on the elimination of
25. ld This changing magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit the secondary 10 This effect is called mutual induction Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Transistor is a semiconductor device that is commonly used as an amplifier or an electrically controlled switch Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Voltage divider principle known as a voltage divider a potential divider is a simple linear circuit that produces an output voltage which is a fraction of its input voltage Un Voltage division refers to the partitioning of a voltage among the components of the divider Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level It may use an electromechanical mechanism or passive or active electronic components Depending on the design it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC voltages Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES In 140 News article entitled Soap Genie Automatic Soap Dispenser on February 14 2006 Luigi Lugmayr reviewed an automated soap dispenser named as The Soap Genie that automatically dispenses soap by just holding your hand under the dispenser with the use of IR sensors with musical chime when done He said thatit is hig
26. luded Plastic Stand Dispenser Screw Insert screw in the plastic stand and tighten Hang the dispenser to the screw that was just inserted Put liguid soap in the dispenser Avoid spilling to prevent malfunctioning of device Close the lid Plug it a 220 volt socket 46 E PIC16f84A Data Sheet 47 10 DEVICE OVERVIEW This document contains device spesilic infonmalion Tar the operation of ihe deos Addlional information may be Tourn ini te PiOmicro Mi Panes Feference Manual which may be down loaded Irom ihe Microchip webeile The Aeferenoes Manual should be considered a complementary docu men lo this dala sheet and highly recommended reading fara balier understanding of the device archi and operation of Ehe peripheral modules Th PICIOFA4A belongs bo mid range Family al thes PiCmileto miortocninolier devices A block diagram of the device is shown in Figure 1 1 FIGURE 1 1 BLOCK DIAGRAM Lyran Etark 113 103 The program memory contains TE words which irsns bo 1024 ingiruciions since each 14 01 program memory word game width as each device liec The data memory RAM contains 68 bies Dala EEPROM bytes These are also 13 VO pins Hall are useerscanfigured on pitelo pin basis Some pins are willu other device lunciions These Turscticers includa Exiernal
27. movwf Input Prev 38 goto Main APPENDIX PCB Layouts Foil Pattern Layout O APPENDIX User s Manual 1 Filling The Automated Soap Dispenser To start using the automated liguid soap dispenser lift the top cover the soap dispenser to fill the container with the liguid hand soap Replace the cover after filling the soap dispenser figure 1 A 2 Switching On the Automated Soap Dispenser The step is to switch the automated liguid soap dispenser located the middle right face part of the soap dispenser s support figure 1 B Once turned on the LED indicator will lit depending on the level of liguid soap the container figure 1 If the liquid soap dispenser is done for the day switch off the liquid soap dispenser to conserve energy 3 Operating the Automated Soap Dispenser 40 To use the automated liguid soap dispenser place hand under the nozzle within the range to 5 to operate the soap dispenser figure 2 Wait for the soap dispenser to finish dispensing Then wash hands with the soap dispensed If the amount of soap is not enough repeat step 1 Figure 1 A Figure 1 B 41 Figure 1 Figure 2 LED Indicator 42 Front View Side View 43 Back View 44 APPENDIX D Installation Manual Screw dispenser 45 Assembly Make sure all parts inc
28. mponent of the circuit is the PIC microcontroller because it controls the flow of the operation transpiring within the system The capacitors serve mainly as filters and aid the microcontroller s task to automate the liquid soap dispenser s function Figure 8 on the other hand shows the structured flow of actions that are done by the automated liquid soap dispenser itself Tt represents the procedures followed by the device in successfully dispensing liquid soap in a continuous manner This means that the flowchart shows a repetitive phase or cycle and not just for a single dispensing action The primary task as may be observed is the checking of each of the level indicator probes as to whether or not they are working or detecting the resistance produced by the liquid substance Materials and Components Quantity DC motor 1 Limit Switch 2 104 multilayer capacitor 1 LED 3 green orange red Infrared Sensor 1 set Mini Relay 1 Transformer 1 AC cord 90 inches Toggle switch 1 Soap dispenser container 1 16 pins IC socket 1 ULN2003 IC 1 IN4001 IC 1 IN4148 diode 1 PCB 1 134X2 inches Capacitor 2 100uF and 1000uF Crystal resonator 1 4Mhz Resistor 3 1K 1 470K 1 10K Figure 7 List of materials and specifications Figure 7 summarizes the list of materials that the group used in developing the design prototype as well as their respec
29. nclude the period taken by the user to acquire an amount of liquid soap which could categorized the prototype s operation as in normal maximum state The time it will take for the device to react on an input made through the IR sensor will also determine how consistent the device is in giving off the soap The effect of these factors was tested in Chapter 4 to identify the behaviour of the design prototype under conditions involving them Conceptual Framework Diagram INDEPENDENT VARIABLES INTERVENING VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES 1 Container capacity 1 Microcontroller 1 Level sensor 2 Time taken by the 2 Lever arm 2 Infrared sensor user to use the device 3 Limit switch 3 Liquid soap Figure 1 Framework Diagram Figure 1 illustrates the framework diagram of the system s correlation of variables involved in the automated system s operation The input mainly comes from the blocking object which is recognized by the infrared sensor The level sensors on the other hand depend on the number of times the liquid soap in the container depletes per use Consequently the liquid soap remaining in the casing depends on how many times the device is already used As stated depletion is constant per use The independent variables are the container s capacity because this cannot be changed but can only be refilled The time taken by the user to acguire liguid soap is also independent of any of the variables stated above sin
30. nder amp Sadiku Phototransistor is a bipolar transistor that is encased in a transparent case so that light can reach the base collector junction It works like a photodiode but with much higher responsivity to light because the electrons that generated by the photons in the base collector junction are injected into the base and this current is then amplified by the transistor operation Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe 8 Catalan Relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit this switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one many sets of contacts Bill Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Resonator is device or system that exhibits resonance resonant behavior It is naturally oscillates at some frequencies called its resonance frequencies with greater amplitude than at others Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Toggle switch is a class of electrical switches that are actuated by a mechanical lever handle or rocking mechanism Toggle switches are available in many different styles and sizes and are used in countless applications Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors A changing current in the first circuit the primary creates a changing magnetic fie
31. r material and consists mainly of semiconductor devices as well as passive components Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe 8 Catalan Leve sensor is used to detect liquid level The liquid to measured can inside a container or can be in its natural form The level measurement can be either continuous or point values Continuous level sensors measure level within a specified range and are used to know the exact amount of liquid in a certain place Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Light emitting diode LED is a semiconductor diode that emits incoherent narrow spectrum light when electrically biased in the forward direction of the p n junction as in the common LED circuit Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Limit switch are electromechanical devices that require physical contact between a target object and switch activator to make the contacts change state Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Microcontroller unit MCU is a computer on a chip or type of microprocessor emphasizing high integration low power consumption self sufficiency and cost effectiveness in contrast to a general purpose microprocessor Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Oscillator is the repetitive variation typically in time of some measure about a central value often a point of equilibrium or between two or more different states Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexa
32. ric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Electromagnetic coil is formed when a conductor usually a solid copper wire wound around core form to create inductor or electromagnet One loop of wire is usually referred to as a turn and a coil consists of one or more turns Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Freguency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time It is also referred to as temporal frequency The period is the duration of one cycle in a repeating event so the period is the reciprocal of the frequency Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Human Machine Interface HMI or User interface is the aggregate of means by which people interact with a particular machine device computer program or other complex tools or systems Bill To Coin Changer Buenafe amp Catalan Infrared sensor IR sensor contains a matched infrared transmitter and infrared receiver pair These devices work by measuring the amount of light that is reflected into the receiver Because the receiver also responds to ambient light the device works best when well shielded from ambient light and when the distance between the sensor and the reflective surface is small Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Integrated circuit IC is a miniaturized electronic circuit that has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconducto
33. stated in the design s specific objectives The following table represents the test results Table 3 Maximum Operation Trial Amount of Liquid Soap Time sec Dispensed in ml 1 4 52 ml 1 43 2 3 73 ml 1 76 3 3 34 ml 1 25 4 4 71 ml 1 89 5 3 93 ml 1 74 6 2 95 ml 1 28 28 7 2 75 1 33 8 2 55 1 07 9 4 52 1 80 10 3 34 1 36 Average 3 63 1 49 The same formula was used to get the average of the amount of liguid soap dispensed as well as the period taken to give it off In this table the time was longer than the previous table because the user was assumed to have placed his hand longer than the normal period defined Still the result reflects consistency because the average amount of liguid soap given off was somewhere near the amount gathered from the previous test The third test on the other hand involved the prototype operating under irregular conditions In this tertiary test the hand trying to interfere the sensor s range is guickly removed in less than 3 seconds to check if the device will simultaneously stop with the removal of the hand Again ten trials showed that each time the hand is removed from the sensor s range it will automatically stop from either dispensing liquid soap or if it is just starting to initiate the dispensing action it will return to its normal state and stop its operation A tabular representation of the results of t
34. ster R constant data or labal The nsnemt ar will gonerato code D E ls iha recommended form of usa for compatibility with all Microchip sa ware Ino s Desinadnn d sinn rosu in W d 1 mona result in fin eagishar f Delaut 6 d 1 me f ps The set highly cethoganal and is grouped into theese basta Eyte arlented operalione Bitorlented operalions Literal and contral operalians All instructions are eaecubed wilhin one single instruc tion cycle unless conditional leet i Irina or ihe pro gram counter ls changed as a result al an instruction this cass the acsculian takes kwa instruction cycles wilh the Second cycle execuled as NOP One inatruo tion gie consists al kur periods Thus for an asciltater Irequency of 4 MHZ hie normal ineirwotion time 5 1 If conditieenal test ls ue ce Le program counter changed as a resul of an instruc tion thee insinuclion essculioni fenes ls 3 pe Table 7 2 liebe the insiruolione recognized by ihe assembler Figure 7 1 Shows ihe general formate that ihe instruc lione hawe Note To maintain upward compalilily wilh future products do pot use the CETTON and TRIB inelructians examples use following formal lo repressal faecal murn ber
35. ter 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 33 BIBLIOGRAPHY 15 etl A 35 APPENDICES ood doe dde dst kw 36 Appendix A Program Listing 36 Appendix PCB 40 Appendix C User s 41 Appendix D Installation 46 Appendix E PIC16f84A Data 48 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Comparative 5 iwa 24 Table 2 Normal operation 27 Table 3 Maximum operation 29 Table 4 Conventional liquid soap dispenser operation 31 Table 5 Level indicator probe test iii 31 Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 LIST OF FIGURES Framework Ii lait 4 Design Flow Diagram bv usa su saa eu 16 System block diagram a rra 18 SEA MAU u SSS au 18 Foll Pattern layout uu l u aus ua arnie 19 PAV
36. ter its actual operation G Definition of terms Bridge rectifier is an arrangement of four diodes in a bridge configuration that provides the same polarity of output voltage for either polarity of input voltage When used in its most common application for conversion of alternating current AC input into direct current DC output it is known as bridge rectifier bridge rectifier provides full wave rectification from a two wire AC input resulting in lower cost and weight as compared to a center tapped transformer design but has two diode drops rather than one thus exhibiting reduced efficiency over center tapped design for the same output voltage Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Capacitor is a passive electrical component that can store energy in the electric field between a pair of conductors called plates The process of storing energy in the capacitor is known as charging and involves electric charges of equal magnitude but opposite polarity building up on each plate A capacitor s ability to store charge is measured by its capacitance in units of farads Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander amp Sadiku Crystal resonator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very precise frequency This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time to provide a sta
37. tive specifications and quantities and helped identify the total impartial cost of the design project START Is the level indicator for low amount activated 20 RED LED lit Is the level indicator for medium amount ORANGE LED is Is the level indicator for high amount activated GREEN LED is Is the IR sensor s ranae Rotate lever arm and dispense Reverse lever arm back to original Figure 8 Structured system operation B 3 Prototype Development A manual soap dispenser container was used as the container of the liquid substance which will be drilled with a hole on top to insert the four metal probes also connected to three LED s that will serve as the liquid level sensors Indicators are green for full amount of liquid 21 orange for mid amount of liguid and red for low amount of liguid The last metal probe will be used as the common ground for the liguid and the probes 1 Input for the proposed object is the infrared sensors which is made up transmitter receiver The transmitter is used as a detector to determine that the object will be used and a receiver will be used to signal the object which needs to process and perform its task 2 The processor section involves the microcontroller which will be programmed to perform task such as how object would respond Responds include the indication of the amount of liguid left th
38. whan used sanal programming moda This butter Triggnr input when configured RC oscilator mode and a CMOS input oiharsina 49 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY Each insbruction i a T bib word divided ipio an OPOODE which the instruction bye and ane mor operands which further specity the operalion ol Instruction The POCT CXX instruetien eel summary in Table 7 2 lists byte oriented bit ari anted and literal and control aperalione Table 7 1 Shows opoode descoriplione For byte orlenbed instructions T represents a rege designalor and d rengnessenis a destination desig The regisier Gesignalor specifies which register it be used by the The deslinalion designalor species where the esuli of the aperalion lo be placed If Zera Us rasuli placed in ihe Ve register iH is ona Ihe result is placed irs the regieler specified the insiruciion For bit arlanted instructions bill feld designator which selects he number ihe DA affected by the operation while T repessente the number cf the file In which Line bit For literal and control operalions represents an eight or eleven bit constant or value TABLE 7 1 OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS Fee Sessi 5 wo Working recizinr accumulatori IE Et wilt an file regi
39. y application in this way because it somehow makes the refilling part interactive D Significance of the design The design project provides a simple yet significant device that is a development of a previously accepted system It is more hygienic because no physical contact between the user and the device is reguired while the amount of liguid soap dispensed is always in agreement to the variable period applied by the user for every use and may not be abused The design has taught every member of the group to value and manage their time and able to work under pressure The previous courses which the group has taken in their lower years like Electronics Logic circuits Circuit analysis and those which had design prototypes as course requirement proved to have given them invaluable knowledge in coming up with a meaningful design prototype For the school the design prototype may be used to replace existing liquid soap dispenser to aid the school in promoting cutting edge technology and add sophistication to the school s overall operation should accreditors visit it again For the society this design will provide opportunities because the concept may still be improved while the design is in itself helpful to commercial establishments either already having liguid soap dispensers or not to upgrade their system and attract more customers whatever business they may have E Conceptual framework Variables that affect the device s operation i
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