- Docket Alarm
Contents
1. 120 er A When plugged into an IBM PC the DSI 32 is a complete National Semiconductor 4 11 7 WS i 32032 microcomputer with 256K bytes of memory 2 ga T PROGRAMMING PROJECT CONTEXT FREE PARSING OF ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS puente NOSE GU 138 This program lets you parse integer arithmetic expressions into executable form THEMES INERODUCTHON ccr ro coo PEU PNE ate aor m RR ne 148 PROLOG GOES WORK by Clara Y Cuadrado and John L Cuadrado 151 What Prolog is who s using it and why LOGIC PROGRAMMING by Robert Kowalski 161 It can be implemented as either declarative programming language or a procedural programming language DECLARATIVE LANGUAGES OVERVIEW Duc Susan ande Mes Loses exui Gaia en ose de Ip s 181 Why we need another type of programming language PROGRAM TRANSFORMATION fy John Darlington 201 A researcher in functional languages explains a program development methodology FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING USING FP by Peter Harrison and 219 EN This language lets you program without objects by facilitating the manipulation m of functions i A HOPE TUTORIAL DU Roger Bailey ous eo cr rro RR 235 Learn2. VERNIGHT ELIVERY 259 BPS Graphics 289 Business Basic MS 299 Clout 2 145 SIGNMASTER 195 FORTRAN COMPILER MS 229 TimW amp 189 1 85 686 6 Compiler R Base 4000 265 Graphwriter 319 Computer Innovations 329 R Base 5000 399 Graphwriter Extension 319 DB Master 7 475 Graphwriter Combo Pak 485 LOTUS 1 2 3 While They Last 5329 d BASE 365 Microsoft Chart 175 Enable 305 Quickode lll 1 159 ENERGRAPHICS 259 Smart Series 979 d Base Il Release 7 269 de aa w plotter opt m FRAMEWORK 395 Condorilll 349 PCDlaw 295 Open Access 395 Data Base Mgr Il aipna _ 175 Electric Desk amp 1 229 Extended Report Writer 119 CONCURRENT PC D0Si 175 SYMPHONY Limited Quantity 459 Friday 169 PascalMT PCDOS 349 Supercalc 175 pfs file amp pfs report 165 PL 1 DR 1 5 489 Multiplan 129 Q REVELATION 1745 Display Manager DR 359 Solver 279 1 1 1255 Access Manager DR 269 plan 85 Easyfiler 1 1 99 LATTICE C COMPILER 1 305 HEDI 1 C Food Smorgasbord 119 MICROSOFT PROJECT 165 2 DOLLARS AND SENSE 9115 86 0 __ 479 SuperProject IUS 245 Market Mgr Plus Dow Jones 179 Pascal Compiler MS 245 HARVARD TOTAL PROJECT MGR 285 q MANAGING YOUR MONEY 119 Compiler MS New Release 305 lOCESSING 3RAPHIC Micro
3. PSEN i ALE TIMING TS Sk CONTROL p RST 2 RESIDENT IN 8052 8032 is E ONLY OSC a V L PORT 1 cA PORT3 DRIVERS L DRIVERS ttem ck RG os oy Dy Pe E XTAL1 4 2 A PIO PIJ Figure 4 Block diagram of the Intel 8052 AH BASIC chip P305P37 stack The argument stack is initialized to IFE and grows down as more values are placed on it Each floating point number placed on the argu ment stack requires 6 bytes of storage The stack pointer on the 8052AH special function register SP is ini tialized to 4D 77 decimal The 8052AH s stack pointer grows up as additional values are placed on the stack ADDRESS DECODING The three most significant address lines 13 15 are connected to a 74LS138 decoder chip which separates the addressable range into eight 8K byte memory segments each with its own chip select YO Y7 The four least significant chip selects are connected to 28 pin 64K bit 8K by 8 memory devices either 2764 EPROMs or 6264 static RAMs ICI ad dressed at 0000 must be RAM in order for BASIC 52 to function IC locations 3 2000 3FFF 11 4000 5FFF and 12 6000 7FFF can use either RAM or EPROM 6 8000 continued AUGUST 1985 BYTE COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 13 of 21 or BFFF is an EPROM program
4. 175 Tax Manager Microlab 110 EEE 80 Electric Checkbook 1 1 11 50 MacCalendar T Smartmodem 300 P 205 Smartmodem 1200 445 Macphone ___ 159 300 Baud Modem 95 Surge Supressor 1 331311 399 TOSHIBA pio cud NS P351 Tractor gt 165 1340 TR 779 CITIZEN nm ee 409 ms 619 MSP20 579 nom 789 HOUSTON INSTRUMENT PC Plotter 475 AMDEK Ct Ls ee TEN COGUU B rl 989 Goler600 ATG CORRU 207 12 Green 3006 135 camper SOU A 148 12 u TG NEC JEUDI 51509 Ue ee c d de ee PEN VS PRINCETON GRAPHICS RGBHCI2 BD ROG Othe 000 Scan Doubler Board 58 1 185 Amber Max 12E 185 QUADRAM Quadchrome 12 465 Quadscreen 17 1595 Quadchromall14 465 Amberchrome 12 1 165 TAXAN a RS ELLENS 105A 135 121 149 122 149 210 259 420 409 omm Oe ee ADDS A 2 Green _ 9 SAG Ad uo i 7 5 GENERAL HOHDWARE MacModem _ 490 ikisron Eva E 325 MacEnhancer 170 Qo 7 5 gus ALTOS Smart II 695 QUME QVT102 Greon _ SC S395 QVT 10z Amber _ 418 QVT 103 Green__ 3 X 810 VTA Amber 45 QVT108 Geen 4
5. 105 Maxell 31 2 Box of 1 0 35 Memorex 37 2 Box of 10 39 31 2 Box of 10 39 PROMETHEUS 1200 375 QUADRAM Quadmodem 1100 555 HAYES Smartmodem 300 1 31 205 Smartmodem 1200 445 Smartmodem 2400 3 719 NOVATION ACCESS 1 53 9679 Professional 2400 1 635 PRENTICE PORCO X100 9979 Pomon GIs RS RACAL VADIC Maxwelli200V 9439 o uai VEN TEL PC Modem 1200 399 1200 Plus 399 ALLOY PC Quick Tape 1719 SYSGEN Image 835 MOUSE SYSTEMS PC Mouse w paint brush __ S139 MICROSOFT Microsoft Mouse Serial x 149 Microsoft Mouse Buss 139 KENSINGTON MICROWARE Masterpiece 115 CURTIS Diamond AENEID 0 Emerald 49 IN a QN CONNECT O_o NORD 200ns 64k CG 1 50 5 256k 69 LOGICTRAK 5 4 100 Guaranteed Double side double density 10 per box 20 boxes 11 1 1 perdisk 2 35 10 19 boxes per disk 2 50 2 9 boxes per disk 2 99 per disk 3 99 1 box THE LOGICAL CHOICE A Member of The Logic Group 110 Bi County Blvd Farmingdale N Y 11735 Domestic international Telex 286905 Soft UR COMPASS 1005 Page 16 of 21 vernight Delivery A EE ONV e ONY eight jumper selectable I O blocks With COOO selected and pin 17 of
6. AUGUST 1985 ever user caled assembly language routines and EPROM programming are unsupported in data memory For that reason the BCC 52 board as I ve designed it is addressed completely as program memory RAM EPROM mode both for RAM and I O The ad dressing logic is as follows The RD and WR pins on the 8052AH chip enable RAM from 0000 to 7FFF Addresses are used to decode the chip select CS for the RAM devices and RD and WR are used to enable the OE and WE or WR pins respectively 2 PSEN is used to enable EPROM from 2000 to 7FFF Addresses are used to decode the CS for the EPROM devices and PSEN is used to enable the OE pin 3 Between 8000 and OFFFF both RD and PSEN are used to enable either EPROM or RAM RD and PSEN are applied as inputs to AND gate ICI 5 741508 The WR pin on the chip is used to write to RAM in this same ad dress space BASIC 52 reserves the first 512 bytes of external data memory to im plement two software stacks the con trol stack and the arithmetic or argu ment stack Understanding how the stacks work is necessary only if you want to link BASIC 52 and 8052 as sembly language routines The details of how to do this are covered in the assembly language linkage section of the MCS BASIC 52 User s Manual The control stack occupies locations 60 96 decimal through OFE 254 dec imal in external RAM This memory is used to store all information asso ciated with loop control
7. BYTE 109 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 11 of 21 the 8085 and Z8 When the chip is powered up it sizes consecutive ex ternal memory from 0000 to the end of memory or memory failure by al ternately writing 55 hexadecimal and OO to each location A minimum of IK bytes of RAM is required for BASIC 52 to function and any RAM E B 5555525888 ee htt Keene ss bE 1 M gt 5 LI d TIFFA d 17 f e f 2 gt e A 1 gt per Me Ls mc mx E AE 7 2 87 ty D He D CIRCUIT CELLAR must be located starting at OOOO Editor s note For the remainder of the arti cle all addresses and data values will be hexa decimal unless otherwise specified __ Three control lines RD pin 17 WR pin 16 and PSEN pin 29 partition the address space as 64K bytes each of program and data memory How LI LI 5 a A ee Photo 2 On the right is the BCC 52 prototype on the left is the Circuit Cellar BCC Term Mite smart terminal board see the January 1984 Circuit Cellar With the addition of a video monitor and keyboard the two boards constitute a complete computer system suitable for software development or installed use BYTE
8. ming socket intended for 2764 or 27128 EPROMs see figures 5b and Altogether you have 48K bytes of memory on the BCC 52 board if you use four 6264 RAMs as ICs 1 3 8 and 12 see figure 5d and a 27128 EPROM in IC16 The memory and I O can be further expanded through the expansion bus using BCC series Z8 system expansion cards A second 74LS138 decoder 4 T2 P1 0 Q 1 T2EX P1 1 E PWM OUTPUT P1 2 ALE DISABLE P1 3 PROGRAM PULSE P1 4 PROGRAM ENABLE 1 5 DMA ACKNOWLEDGE P1 6 LINE PRINTER OUTPUT P1 7 RESET CONSOLE SERIAL INPUT CONSOLE SERIAL OUTPUT INTO DMA REQUEST a Vss LJ 20 c 8052AH BASIC CIRCUIT CELLAR partitions either C800 CFFF or E800 EFFF as eight 256 byte I O blocks Rather than simply using the available 000 or 000 strobes from alone which would occupy a 2000 ad dress space for a single PIA periph eral interface adapter chip 4 allows many peripheral devices to share the remaining address space by using only a 256 byte address range This addressing convention is consis tent with other expansion boards I ve designed and it is easy to configure TOP VIEWS SHOWN a 64 channel A D analog to digital or 128 channel power I O system using this board with a number of periph eral cards PARALLEL I O The BCC 52 board contains an 8255A 5 PIA ICI7 that provides three 8 bit software configurable parallel ports The thre
9. 10 Evergreen Avenue Burlington MA 01803 617 273 1818 IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corp Lotus 123 is a trademark of Lotus Development Tektronix is a trademark of Tektronix Inc 114 BYTE AUGUST 1985 CIRCUIT CELLAR ability to execute and save programs in an EPROM The 8052AH chip actually generates all the timing signals needed to program 2764 128 EPROMSs Saving programs in EPROMs is amuch more attractive and reliable alternative to cassette tape especially in control and or noisy environments The entire EPROM programming circuitry consists of two 7407 open collector drivers and a single tran sistor circuit that switches between 5 V and 21 V CR2 connected to the collector of the transistor should be a germanium diode like 1N270 Port 1 bit 4 IC5 pin 5 is used to provide a l or 50 millisecond ms programming pulse The length of the pulse is determined by whether we are programming Intel fast program EPROMs or generic 2764s and 27128s BASIC 52 calculates the length of the pulse from the assigned crystal value The accuracy of this pulse is within 10 processor clock cycles This pin is normally in a logical high 1 state It is asserted low 0 to program the EPROMs Port 1 bit 5 IC5 pin 6 is used to enable the EPROM programming volt age This pin is normally in a logical high 1 state Prior to the EPROM pro gramming operation this pin is brought to a logical low
10. Pulse width modulation Remark Return from interrupt Break program execution Allocate memory for strings Evoke user console input routine Evoke BASIC console input routine Evoke user console output routine Evoke BASIC console output routine Function Read program memory Read assign internal data memory Read assign external data memory Read console Read assign IE register Read assign IP register Read assign port 1 P1 Read assign PCON register Read assign RCAP2 RCAP2H RCAP2L Read assign T2CON register Read assign TCON register Read assign TMOD register Read assign real time clock Read assign TIMERO THO TLO Read assign TIMER1 TH1 TL1 Read assign TIMER2 TH2 TL2 Addition Division Exponentiation Multiplication Subtraction Logical AND Logical OR Logical exclusive OR Stored Constant 31415926 Operators Single Operand lt INT SGN SQR RND LOG EXP SIN COS TAN ATN Figure 2 Detailed description of the Intel 8052AH BASIC 52 programming language Absolute value Ones complement Integer Sign Square root Random number Natural log e 2 7182818 to the X Returns the sine of argument Returns the cosine of argument Returns the tangent of argument Returns the arctangent of argument AUGUST 1985 BY TE 107 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 9 of 21 CIRCUIT CELLAR S uo0r2 2x N onrv0w0
11. more than 500 software sean ase later programs that ansolvea multitude of business problems When you team up Macintosh with the second hardest worker in The Macintosh Office our LaserWriter printer you can bring a new level of professionalism to your paperwork It produces publication quality text and graphics in letters internal documents presentations even business forms Theres no telling what it can save you in outside printing costs alone And the LaserWriter can be shared with as many as 31 Macintosh computers So it becomes more cost efficient with every Macintosh you connect to it Butcher baker candlestick maker or Nabisco for more information about The Macintosh Office call 800 446 3000 No job too big Or too small The Macintosh Office pup COMPASS EXH 1005 Page of 21 CON FEATURES INTRODUCTION dU A Es telo 80 THE AMIGA PERSONAL COMPUTER by Gregg Williams Jon Edwards and Phillip 83 It has plenty of computing power and impressive color graphics CiARCIA S CIRCUIT CELLAR BUILD THE BASIC 52 COMPUTER CONTROLLER by Steve Ciarcia 104 Steve designs a cost effective performance booster that can be used in serious applications THE DSI 32 COPROCESSOR BOARD PART I THE HARDWARE by Trevor G Marshall George Scolaro David L Rand Tom King ANIC ae eh LING oe ag ee se oe
12. the console port does automatic data transmission rate determination on power up a preset data transmission rate can alternatively be stored in EPROM as well I ve used it at 19 200 bits per second bps with no degra dation in operation BAUD expr statement is used to set the data transmission rate for the line printer port In order for this statement to properly calculate the data transmission rate the crystal special function operator XTAL must be correctly assigned e g XTAL 9000000 BASIC 52 assumes a crystal value of 11 0592 MHz if no XTAL value is assigned The main purpose of the software line printer port is to let you make a hard copy of program listings and or data The command LIST and the statement PRINT direct outputs to the software line printer port If the BAUD expr statement is not ex ecuted before a LIST or PRINT command statement is entered the output to the software line printer port will be at about bps and it will take a long time to output something It is necessary to assign a data trans mission rate to the software line printer port before using LIST or PRINT The maximum data trans mission rate that can be assigned by the BAUD expr statement depends on the crystal but 4800 bps is a rea sonable maximum rate MC1488 and 1489 level shifters ICs 6 and 7 convert the TTL levels from the console and line printer ports to RS 232C The TTL serial lines are also connecte
13. ve ravel axes ravel E Adver sing ha D arcem Entertainment 105 As you well know business involves innumerable number related tasks not the least of which is generating income 3 and expense statements like this Ste i Should you want to 4 change any of tbe entered 1 l items 10 take a look at the t effects of opening a new office or decreasing your staf spreadsheet program like Multipla will automatically recalculate the entire document Here we ve copied it into MacDraw and enhanced il for presentation purposes It not only saves hours of entering double checking E and erasing bul when teamed up with our LaserWriter printer it produces a printout impressive enough to show a bank president Fast enough Jor this aflernoons meeting Whether you re Nabisco or Ms Priss Cookie Company you worry about the bottom line Write letters Keep track of inventory Keep your overhead under control Pay taxes Retrieve files Schedule projects Which is why you can dramatically increase your business productivity with The Macintosh Office The cornerstone of The Macintosh Office is our Macintosh 512K computer All you need to know about its powerful 32 bit mouse driven technology is that it reduces the time it takes to become productive with a computer from well over a work week to just under a lunch hour But more important Macintosh runs
14. 2410P 2295 QUADRAM Quadjet 789 QUME Sprint 11 40 1299 Sprint 11 55 1595 Sprint 11 90 2199 SILVER REED MIU ES 500 349 4 449 rs 795 Due to weight restrictions Printers and Monitors are shipped UPS FREE NO SURCHARGE for VISA or MasterCard No Sales Tax on Orders Outside N Y State Purchase Orders _ Welcomed from Qualified Institutions NO SURCHARGE Please call for price verification Please add 2 for handling and insurance Int l orders add l Payment MasterCard VISA American Exp C 0 D Money Order or Check 1 800 645 3491 Customer Service 1 800 431 9037 New York State 516 249 8440 Canada 416 283 2354 National Sales Hot Line NEW Expanded Special Order Dept Davinci Commercial Int 149 Davinci Building Blocks 49 McPic 35 MIGOSOR Chart 60 Click Art Series Graphics Pub s Letters Effects 125 Basic Interpreter MS 95 MacForth Levelt _ 1 195 MacForth Level2 Tny Smoothtalker 115 Smakin SOIWOIKS OU a eG PCtoMac amp Back 85 TD Dollars amp Sense 89 FrontDesk 85 NANC E cont Home AccountantPlus 589 MacManager SG MacProject Lowest Price Management Edge 125 Market Analyzer Lowest Price Market Manager Plus Dow Jones 129 Peachtree G L 99 Sales Edge 165 Stadt Talk a 49 Financial Planning Apropos 60 Investment Planning Apropos 1 60 Communications Edge _ 1 1 1 1 110 Negotiation Edge
15. 245 149 TEM SOFTWARE Superkey 54 42 Notebook 189 123 Turbo Graph 54 42 EU TUDIN in e Footnote 99 84 Toolbox 5 Graph 595 145 ROSESOFT ie Pascal 70 52 MECA ProKey 130 69 SAMNA Advanced Lotus 1 2 3 70 45 M Money TIS cord il 550 279 CHANG LABS PC Draw 305 289 SORCIM Rags to Riches Ledger 99 79 MICROPRO SuperCalc 2 295 149 CONDOR WordStar 350 178 Super Project 395 209 Condor 3 650 259 SpellStar 9 55 Easy System 395 184 CONTINENTAL SOFTWARE CorrectStar 145 99 General Ledger 595 289 Home Accountant Plus 150 89 MailMerge 99 55 Accounts Payable 595 289 DIGITAL MARKETING infoStar 250 109 SOFTWARE PRODUCTS INT L Writers Pak 250 165 WordStar 2000 495 235 Access 695 349 Milestone PC 250 165 WordStar 2000 Plus 595 205 SOFTWARE PUBLISHING Datebook 1 150 98 MICRORIM PFS File or Write 140 85 Proofreader 50 38 R Base 4000 495 239 SSI DIGITAL RESEARCH R Base 5000 700 385 Perfect 495 249 Concurrent PC DOS 295 209 Extended Report Writer 150 109 TELOS ENERTRONICS Clout 250 128 Filevision Mac 195 119 Energraphics 350 239 MICROSOFT TYLOG Plotter Option 100 55 Multiplan 195 138 dBase Window 249 149 FOX amp GELLER Chart MAC 125 99 WARNER SOFTWARE INC DGraph 295 145 Project 250 179 Desk Organizer 195 129 dUtil 99 58 MICROSTUFF WOOLF SYSTEMS Quickcode II or IIl 295 139 Crosstalk 195 98 Move It 150 HARDWARE SECTION AMDEK MONITORS HAYES PARADISE Amber 230 138 Smartmodem 1200 599 423 Mult
16. STEVE CIARCIA JERRY POURNELLE BRUCE WEBSTER SENIOR TECHNICAL EDITORS G MICHAEL VOSE Themes GREGG WILLIAMS TECHNICAL EDITORS THOMAS R CLUNE JON R EDWARDS RICHARD GREHAN GLENN HARTWIG Reviews KEN SHELDON RICHARD S SHUFORD JANE MORRILL TAZELAAR EVA WHITE STANLEY WSZOLA MARGARET COOK GURNEY Associate ALAN EASTON Drafting WEST COAST EDITORS EZRA SHAPIRO Bureau Chief San Francisco PHILLIP ROBINSON Senior Technical Editor Palo Alto DONNA Oscoop Associate Editor San Francisco BRENDA MCLAUGHLIN Editorial Assistant San Francisco NEW YORK EDITOR RICHARD MALLOY Senior Technical Editor MANAGING EDITOR ELECTRONIC PUBLISHING AND COMMUNICATIONS GEORGE BOND USER NEWS EDITOR EAST COAST ANTHONY J LockwooD What s New USER NEWS EDITOR WEST COAST MARK WELCH Microbytes CONTRIBUTING EDITORS JONATHAN AMSTERDAM programming projects MARK DAHMKE video operating systems MARK HAAS at large RIK JADRNICEK CAD graphics spreadsheets MARK KLEIN communications ALASTAIR W MAYER software ALAN MILLER languages and engineering JOHN C NASH scientific computing Dick POUNTAIN U K WILLIAM M Japan PERRY SAIDMAN computers and law ROBERT STERNE computers and law COPY EDITORS BUD SADLER Chief DENNIS BARKER ELIZABETH COOPER ANNE L FISCHER NANCY HAYES LYNNE M NADEAU PAULA NOONAN JOAN VIGNEAU ROY WARREN WILLIAMSON ASSISTANTS PEGGY DUNHAM Office Manager MARTHA HICKS LISA
17. at your request As these comparative charts indicate all candidates tested competitively in the four areas However based on further in depth study including extensive personal interviews we highly recommend you interview candidates 4 and 5 as soon as possible Our office will be contacting you immediately to set up these interviews at your earliest con venience Ifa picture is worth thousand words business graphics like these could cut meetings and presentations in half We ve taken information on five program copied it into another program where it was used to create these com parative bar graphs Once your data is entered this particular software program gives you your choice of 42 different graph configura ES tions You can preview your material whether its candi dates costs or cookies in each configuration to decide which chart or graph most persuasively makes your point candidates stored in one software Recruit A Suit Income Statement Fiscal Year Ending 9 30 84 Commissions Total Ann Arbor x Fees 44 000 __ TotalDetrot OPERATING EXPENSES Ann Arbor Payoi 30000 a e a 1 1 2 Be mo00 8900 een mu Office Suppl ieee m Payoh I ees BERE MCI Telephone Retest Uuses Ad T T Advertising T axes
18. how to use one of the new generation of functional languages BYTE ISSN 0360 5280 is published monthly with one extra issue per year by McGraw Hill Inc Founder James H McGraw 1860 1948 Executive editorial circulation and aczertising offices 70 Main 51 Peterborough NH 03458 phone 603 924 9281 Office hours Mon Thur 8 30 AM 4 30 PM Friday 8 30 AM PM Eastern Time Address subscriptions to BYTE Subscriptions 590 Martinsville 08836 Postmaster send address changes USPS Form 3579 undeliverable copies and fulfillment questions to BYTE Subscriptions POB 596 Martinsville 08836 Second class postage paid at Peterborough NH 03458 and additional mailing offices Postage paid at Winnipeg Manitoba Registration number 9321 Subscriptions are 21 for one year 38 for two years and 55 for three years in the USA and its possessions In Canada and Mexico 23 for one year 42 for two years S61 for three years 69 for one year air delivery to Europe 17 100 yen for one year surface delivery to Japan 37 surface delivery elsewhere Air delivery to selected areas at additional rates upon request Single copy price is 3 50 in the USA and its possessions 3 95 in Canada and Mexico 54 50 in Furope and 5 elsewhere Foreign subscriptions and sales should be remitted in United States funds drawn on a US bank Please allow six to eight weeks for delivery of first issue Printed in the United States of America 2 BY
19. modulation It gener ates a user defined pulse sequence on 5 pin 3 The statement appears as PWM 50 50 100 The first expression follow ing PWM is the number of clock cycles the pulse will remain high A clock cycle is equal to 1 085 microsec onds 11 0592 MHz crystal The sec ond expression is the number of clock cycles the pulse will remain low the third expression is the total number of cycles you want to output All ex pressions in the PWM statement must be valid integers and the minimum value for the first two expressions is decimal 20 These are only a few of the 103 commands statements and opera tors in BASIC 52 The Users Manual describes them in detail IN CONCLUSION This was a hard article for me to write but not for any of the reasons you might think So much is built into this compact board that am impatient to use it and it was hard to sit down and write Unfortunately documentation is the drudge work side of engineering It won t take long to put the BCC 52 board into some serious applications It might be a single board computer but its configuration does not stop with a single board The BCC 52 is BCC series Z8 bus compatible and can be expanded using many of the COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 20 of 21 CIRCUIT CELLAR projects and boards I ve already de signed For example monitoring tem peratures controlling motors and heaters and reporting events are ade quately handled by existing
20. power I O serial and parallel expansion and A D converter boards see photo 3 This BASIC 52 project has just started Because of its power am in spired to further develop applications and peripheral support devices While a specific time has not been chosen l Il be back in a few months with the next chapter on the BCC 52 CIRCUIT CELLAR FEEDBACK This month s feedback is on page 376 NEXT MONTH Go beyond the Z80 with the Circuit Cellar 5 180 computer Diagrams and data pertinent to the 8052 AH BASIC chip are reprinted courtesy of the Intel Corporation Editor s Note Steve often refers to previous Circuit Cellar articles Most of these past ar ticles are available in book form from BYTE Books McGraw Hill Book Company POB 400 Hightstown NJ 08250 Ciarcia s Circuit Cellar Volume covers articles in BYTE from September 1977 through November 1978 Volume covers December 1978 through June 1980 Volume III covers July 1980 through December 1981 Volume IV covers January 1982 through June 1983 The following items are available from The Micromint Inc 561 Willow Ave Cedarhurst NY 11516 800 645 3479 for orders 203 871 6170 for information BCC 52 board with 8K bytes of RAM As sembled and tested with operators manual and MCS BASIC 52 Users Manual 239 2 Same as item in kit form 209 3 8052AH BASIC chip with MCS BASIC 52 sere Makiai i n xe EE S80 Please include 4 for ship
21. terminal port with automatic data transmis sion rate selection a serial printer port and is bus compatible with the BCC 11 Z8 sys tem controller and all the BCC series expan sion boards I ve already designed Figure 1 continued Steve Ciarcia pronounced see ARE see ah is an electronics engineer and computer consultant with ex perience in process control digital design nuclear in strumentation and product development He is the author of several books about electronics You can write to him at POB 582 Glastonbury CT 06033 COPYRIGHT 1985 STEVEN A CIARCIA ALL RIGHTS RESERVED AUGUST 1985 BYTE 105 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 7 of 21 is a block diagram of the hardware BASIC 52 is particularly suited for process control providing IF THEN FOR NEXT WHILE UNTIL ONTIME and CALL state ments among its broad repertoire of instructions figure 2 lists the software features Calculations are handled in integer or floating point math and are fuly supported with trigonometric and logical operators Because of its low system overhead it is extremely fast and efficient I ll get into the system configuration and the design details momentarily but I first have to mention an interest ing aspect of BASIC 52 While I con sidered using EEPROMS electrically erasable programmable ROMs and other nonvolatile storage techniques the sophisticated EPROM program ming capabilities of BASIC
22. 0 state and it is used to turn on the high voltage 21 V required to program the EPROMs on or off BASIC 52 saves several programs on a single EPROM In fact it can save as many programs as the size of the EPROM permits The programs are stored sequentially in the EPROM and any program can be retrieved and executed This sequential storage of programs is referred to as the EPROM file The following commands permit you to generate and manipulate the EPROM file RAM and ROM integer tell the BASIC 52 interpreter whether to select the current program the one that will be displayed during a LIST command and executed when RUN is typed out of RAM or EPROM The RAM address is assumed to be 200 512 decimal and the EPROM ad dress begins at 8010 32 784 decimal When RAM is entered BASIC 52 selects the current program from RAM This is usually considered the normal mode of operation and is the mode that most users employ to in teract with the command interpreter When ROM integer is entered BASIC 52 selects the current program out of EPROM If no integer is typed after the ROM command i e ROM cr BASIC 52 defaults to ROM 1 Since the programs are stored se quentially in EPROM the integer following the ROM command selects which program you want to run or list If you attempt to select a program that does not exist ie you type in ROM 8 and only six programs are stored in the EPROM the message Error Prom Mode wil
23. 12500 TON AS 8 414 alal alal alal al al al alal al al EA GI EA aS SF J4 SS EE 45V 7415138 RESET T E C 53 8 GND ZERO INPUT E Js En TIMER ONE INPUT 51 H Bs IN 1 9 15 2 C 4 _ TWO INPUT E T2IN 7415245 5V 3 TIMER TWO TRIG 2 T2 TRIG 5 REQ a2 c A P mem INTO DMAREQ 47K DMA ACKNOWLEDGE 7 DMA ACK SIP3 PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR 9 12 PWM INTERRUPT IE 13 INT 1 14 PROGRAM ENABLE PGM ENABLE 15 PROGRAM PULSE PGM PULSE A10 1 10 XTAL1 19 WR pe 11 0592MHz 39 _10 rate EUR E 7407 C10 cll xj 30pF 30pF 10 Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the BCC 52 board 108 BYTE AUGUST 1985 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 10 of 21 CIRCUIT CELLAR C M o ee zm D PGM ENABLE 23 PGM PULSE 10K J3 IC 16 2764 27128 0000H 5V cs c12 C1 C4 C6 9 C14 lou pF GND 8K RAM 17 ET eR TE ERI eae URB IR E TTL SERIAL OUT TTL SERIAL IN R 4 7K RD WR SIPl sy 36 ie 120 Se Re 6 ES 5 22 10 TAN oe u oe 4 17 42K 2 777 10 1488 6 8 AUGUST 1985
24. 45 0 108 _515 TELEVIDEO oj c DRUGS PT 800A 975 Lc o cs 910 4 555 7 I o m I s Da ME tv 925 695 925E 595 WYSE 50 485 75 560 ZENITH A 002 EMEN SS UR e ae 2 49 Lowest Price AST RESEARCH Six Pak Plus 64k 52509 IDEA IDEAmax 384 64k c SES ORCHID Blossom 0 k 235 STB Super Rio 64k 329 pb ARDS AST AST SNA 699 AST BSC 699 AST Monograph plus 425 MA SYSTEMS Peacock Color Board 245 PERSYST Monochrome Card 199 QUADRAM Quadcolo S195 Quadeolarll 488 We know there are many products that simply cannot be found mail order We ve solved that problem just ask for our AL ORDER department We ve got the suppliers still at 0 low mail order prices See Other Side for Details A b 1L AU AtA airar nanc 4 EN A innne Mic i 71 176007 cont 0 General Financi al Analysis 970 Real Estate Dev Comm or Res Jazz Lowest Price Multiplan 125 Microplanner Lowest Price m md O_o aa 2 Microsoft Word RW 149 Think Tank 128k 1 3 85 MaceSpeleRight 03 95 MacSpal d Hayden Speller ____ 45 Think Tank 512 00 135 MB 23 Mogao LS 85 MacTote e 65 Promodem1200 ____ 375 Pak _
25. 52 justified eliminating them simply on the basis of cost and board real estate Unlike most one shot EPROM programmers that fill the entire contents of an EPROM regardless of the application program s size BASIC 52 treats the EPROM as write once mass storage When a BASIC application program is saved to EPROM it is tagged with an identifying ROM number and stored only in the amount of EPROM required to fit the program plus header and EOF of file Addi tional application programs can be LINE PRINTER SERIAL PORT CONSOLE ADDR SERIAL PORT DECODER 8052 AH BASIC CIRCUIT CELLAR stored to the same EPROM and re called for execution by requesting a particular ROM number A 27128 EPROM provides 16K bytes of mass storage space When it is full a non destructive EPROM FULL error will tell you simply erase the present EPROM or insert another Finally since this pseudo mass storage exists in directly addressable memory space rather than cassettes or disks it runs at full processor speed and stored ap plication programs are instantly ac cessible BASIC 52 bridges the gap between expensive intelligent control capabil ities and hard to justify price sensitive control applications BASIC 52 s full floating point BASIC is fast and effi cient enough for the most compli cated tasks while its cost effective design lets it be considered for many new areas of implementation I m bullish on the BCC 52 board a
26. IC14 YO jumpered to pin 6 of IC17 at JP3 the range would be C800 C803 Using the XBY operator in BASIC data can be written to and read from this PIA You are probably more familiar with PEEK and POKE PEEK C802H is accomplished with XBY C802H and POKE C902H A is XBY C802H A I won t belabor the discussion on the 8255 have used it many times in Circuit Cellar projects Mode Selection goes with figure 5b CIRCUIT CELLAR and refer you to the manufacturer s data sheets The three parallel ports and ground are connected to a 26 pin flat ribbon cable connector The outputs are TTL transistor transistor logic compatible SERIAL I O Two serial ports are found on the BCC 52 board One is for the console I O terminal IC5 pins 10 and 11 the other is an auxiliary serial output IC5 pin 8 frequently referred to as the Pins CE OE PGM Outputs Mode 20 22 27 1 28 11 13 15 19 Program scr te enda s Ver Vee Din Program Verify Va Vw Ve Vee Tt Deut Program Inhibit BRENNEN 1 High 2 Mode Selection goes with figure 5c lala x amp oss Mode 20 22 27 1 28 11 13 15 19 Program Vin Vi Vpp Vec Din Program Verify Vi Vin Vpr Vec Dout Program Inhibit Vj Ve Vee High Z Mode Selection goes with figure 5d i WE CS E I O Pin E OR ox Ox High Z L L H es Din x dont care line printer port When using an 11 0592 megahertz MHz crystal
27. JO STEINER ART ROSSLYN FRICK Art Director NANCY RICE Assistant Art Director PRODUCTION DAVID R ANDERSON Production Director DENISE CHARTRAND MICHAEL LONSKY JAN MULLER SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT PUBLISHER HARRY L BROWN PUBLISHER S ASSISTANT BEVERLY JACKSON PERSONNEL CHERYL HURD Office Manager PATRICIA BURKE Personnel Coordinator ADVERTISING SALES 603 924 6137 PETER HUESTIS Sales Manager SANDRA FOSTER Administrative Assistant ADVERTISING PRODUCTION 603 924 6448 LISA WOZMAK Supervisor ROBERT D HANNINGS Senior Account Coordinator MARION CARLSON KAREN CILLEY LYDA CLARK MICHELE GILMORE DENISE PROCTOR WAI CHIU Li Quality Control Manager JULIE NELSON Advertising Production Coordinator CIRCULATION 800 258 5485 GREGORY SPITZFADEN Director ANDREW JACKSON Subscriptions Manager CATHY A RUTHERFORD Assistant Manager LAURIE SEAMANS Assistant Manager SUSAN BOYD PHIL DECHERT MARY EMERSON LOUISE MENEGUS AGNES E PERRY JENNIFER PRICE JAMES BINGHAM Single Copy Sales Manager LINDA RUTH Assistant Manager CAROL AHO CLAUDETTE CARSWELL KAREN DESROCHES MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS HORACE T HOWLAND Director 603 924 3424 VICK REYNOLDS Marketing Production Manager PRISCILLA ARNOLD Marketing Assistant STEPHANIE WARNESKY Marketing Art Director SHARON PRICE Assistant Art Director DOUG WEBSTER Director of Public Relations 603 924 9027 WILBUR S WATSON Operations Manager Exh
28. OMPASS EXH 1005 Page 15 of 21 WE WILL BEAT ANY PRICE BY ad SPEC See Othe Side for Details DATABASE DB Master 125 2 ss E 1st Base 105 Habadex 29 Helix 249 MainstreetFiler Pk 23 155 Moddr Wi MicrosollFla SAD Omnis 2 155 Omnis 3 Lowest Price DEUM o o o rcd i pis File amp Report 105 o Ll cL 200 GRAPHICS Animation Tool Kit 39 Davinci Series Buildings Interiors Landscapes 100 Daisywheel Connection 585 Turbo TOUN 85 CURTIS SURGE PROTECTOR Diamond 39 Rud x 2 a 5 2 49 Sapone c aaa NUDY et A 10 DIABLO p ETAT E r Qr GR eee 630 API 1699 630 ECS 1799 EPSON L01500 1199 Parallel Interface 79 5 DA DRAG autant cO 07 5313 5005201 Iu ilg EX LL LB BHendi 5 DEN C ITOH Prowriter 8510 BP 1 975 Starwriter A10P 3gm 529 Starwriter F10 40P 1 11 969 Printmaster F10 55P 1249 JUKI DIM _ __ u ru DEM MANNESMANN TALLY SNL 0 j 00 NEC A o c c nU METER 3530 1329 3550 1395 8850 1949 Pinwriter P2 675 Pinwriter P3 895 OKIDATA CE 2 6980 84 IBM 799 192 IBM 409 SS E
29. TE AUGUST 1985 COVER PHOTO BY AARON REZNY WITH APOLOGIES TO PABLO PICASSO COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 4 of 21 Augus VOLUME 10 NUMBER 8 1985 REVIEWS INTRODUCTION s aee toten na eui cong eee 262 REVIEWER S NOTEBOOK by Glen Hartwig sus om y m tha x RS 265 THE ANDY 1000 09 Rich ean 2 rero ONES 266 An inexpensive IBM PC compatible system PASCAL 2 00 hy Patrick 1 22 275 Improvements include better documentation and support of an 8087 coprocessor REVIEW FEEDBACK sei 283 Readers respond to previous reviews KERNEL INTRODUCTION ieia ar as etr c 290 COMPUTING AT CHAOS MANOR THE WEST COAST COMPUTER FAIRE IURE 293 drive to San Francisco lets Jerry see a multitude of new products BYTE JAPAN COMDEX IN JAPAN by William M Raike 331 Bill describes many of the new products that were featured at the first ever COMDEX show in Japan BYTE U K DECLARATIVE UPDATE by Dick Pountain 341 Dick rounds out this month s Declarative Languages theme with reviews of two books and a look at two new language systems ACCORDING TO WEBSTER GREETINGS AND AGITATIONS by Bruce Webster 355 More Macintosh products are discussed this month BYTE WEST COAST NEW MICROPROCESSOR CHIPS Phil
30. aa 0 db AUGUST 1985 VOL 10 NO 8 j B iir 3 50 IN UNITED STATES a 4 25 IN CANADA 2 10 IN U K D 3885 A McGRAW HILL PUBLICATION 0360 5280 n w AMIGA 5 s M ker VE Candidate Search Update FILE Resumes SEARCH DATE 5 20 85 CLIENT Splendora Gourmet Baby Foods FIND EXPERIENCE Marketing Manager FIELD Foods Infant SIZE 500 Employees SALARY REQ 40 50 000 Per Annum LOCATION REQ Detroit Or RELOCATABLE Yes Name Experience Salar Antosz Hank 1978 Present Pinz Pinz Baby 45 000 1976 1978 Mss Heath Baby Products Education Age Harvard 33 MBA Mktg Brown Bob 1984 p Liz for Kids 48 000 CSUN Marketing 26 1982 1984 Bonnie Babe Inc Hayden Steve 1979 Present i Heath Products 000 8s 1975 19 Nummy Tummies Harvard MBA Morrison John 1977 Present Camille Grocers Ltd 40 000 32 eorgie Porgie of London s West Nick 1961 Present Bonnie Babe Inc 47 000 UCLA MBA Mktg 42 LEER NS ARENT Using database management programs you can store retrieve and sort informa lion in an almost unlimited number of combinations As opposed to e the way you re probably doing it now Above we ve located eligible candidates by salary and work experie
31. and Publishers Laurence Altman Electronics Week Harry L Brown BYTE and Popular Computing David J McGrath Construction Publications Group Vice President Peter B McCuen Communications Information Vice President Fred O Jensen Planning and Development Officers of McGraw Hill Inc Harold W McGraw Ir Chairman Joseph L Dionne President and Chief Executive Officer Robert N Landes Executive Vice President and Secretary Ralph Webb Vice President and Treasurer Shel F Asen Vice President Manufacturing George R Elsinger Vice Presi dent Circulation Ralph R Schulz Senior Vice President Editorial Publishing Operations COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 6 of 21 CLAS CELLAR BORD FAE BASIC 52 COMPUTER CONTROLLER BY STEVE CIARCIA single board problem solver with great potential One of the most popular Circuit Cellar projects was the Z8 BASIC computer controller presented in July and August of 1981 Since then thousands of Z8 controller boards have found their way into end user and OEM ap plications specifically designed the original Z8 con troller because hate programming Gen erally speaking if the program has fewer than 100 lines I ll grin and bear it Any longer than that however and lose interest and call in a programmer To ease the pain generally use high level languages like BASIC Most people understand BASIC and it excuses me from wasting time on tedious bit manipul
32. ations merely to demonstrate a hardwafe peripheral device My favorite programming language is solder don t try to justify using BASIC just get results While others are arguing the merits of Pascal and I ve plugged in my single board computer controller and am plinking away in BASIC to solve the problem I ve learned enough about other programming languages so that I know when to nod ap preciatively at a programmer s description of a random number seed generator writ ten in some obscure programming dialect This plug and program approach has been adequately satisfied by the Z8 but I find that I purposely avoid applications in volving floating point calculations or trigonometric functions that would other Wise force me to resort to assembly lan guage programming ugh In an effort to forestall my inevitable defection from BASIC am continually on the lookout for cost effective performance boosters that can package as single board problem solvers that execute in BASIC naturally And just found another one What have found is the Circuit Cellar 5 52 computer controller BCC 52 board It uses the new Intel 8052AH BASIC microcontroller chip that contains a ROM read only memory resident 8K byte BASIC interpreter The BCC 52 board includes the 8052AH 48K bytes of RAM EPROM ran dom access read write memory erasable programmable ROM a 2764 128 EPROM programmer three parallel ports a serial
33. d to the bus to allow use of the Term Mite smart terminal board without RS 232C voltages The BCC 52 board requires only about 200 milliamperes mA at 5 volts V to function The voltage required for external RS 232C communication is 12 V that required for EPROM pro gramming is 21 V EPROM PROGRAMMER One of the more unique and power ful features of the BCC 52 board is its continued AUGUST 1985 BYTE 113 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 17 of 21 Inquiry 50 T ap do 11 5 71 i i B i 1 m mee ar z st fe an Jr rt ep 918 z SE Mn e SEN ne rre 4 M n M ial i ME x mm ri it n2 TIT aM An IEEE 488 interface for all IBM PC s and COMPATIBLES VERSATILE Easy to use commands for all IEEE 488 GP IB HP IB functions Resident firmware supports BASIC Pascal C and FORTRAN Emulates Hewlett Packard control ler functions and graphics lan guage statements Supports Tektronix Standard Codes and Formats Print listings plot graphs and use Lotus 123 with IEEE 488 peripherals FAST Direct memory transfer rates to 800K bytes second PROFESSIONAL Clear and concise documentation includes a complete tutorial prog ramming examples and applica tion programs 395 00 complete There are no additional software charges Find out why 40488 is the first choice of over 500 companies CCC CAPITAL EQUIPMENT CORP
34. d yourse hesitate to 1 dede Suit de E uie Sincerely 2 7 a 2 R Cynfi honn Cynthia Shern Senior Associate e CS dh enc 4 ASIA In business people offen meet your letterhead before they meet you Ever wondered what a typewritten page stiff wilh white out says about your business With The Macintosh Office you can even design and print your letterhead plus com bine publication quality 22 text and graphics for a lasting first impres sion More important you can send personal ized letters to as many prospects as you have ntum paper Manufacturer s suggested retail price 1985 Apple Computer Inc Apple tape logo LaserWriter AppleTalk and MacDraw are trademarks of Apple Computer Inc Macintosh is a trademark of Mcintosh Laboratory Inc and is being used with its express permission Nabisco is a registered trademark of Nabisco Inc Rolodex is registered trademark of Zephyr American Corporation a subsidiary of Insilco Multiplan is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 2 of 21 Jsiness youre in usiness Candidate Profile Analysis Candidate 1 Candidate 2 Candidate 3 Candidate 4 Candidats 5 Each graph represents seven to ten pages of test information per candidate Individual tests are available for your review
35. e ports labeled A B and C and a write only mode configuration port occupy four consecutive addresses in one of the Figure 5 Pinouts for a the 8052AH BASIC chip b the 2764 8K byte EPROM c the 27128 16K byte EPROM and d the 6264 8K byte RAM 112 BYTE AUGUST 1985 Inquiry 389 for insert COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 14 of 21 E 4 TEAR AND COMPARE VIA dibus COU UPIEP KNOWLEDGEMAN TEAR AND CO Preview Multi Display Card 279 PC Modem Half Card EVEREX Modular Graphics Card 289 Graphics Edge _ Options A amp B Lowest Price AST HERCULES 1 J AST 5251 11 Grannies Garg PROMETHEUS AST 3780 m 12008 5319 PLANTRONICS FREDERICK QUADRAM IRMA Board 98 Asher 5395 QUADRAM STB HAYES Quadlink Graphics Plus I 1 Smartmodem 1 200Bwsmarcon 385 FU TECMAR NOVATION AST RESEARCH Graphics Master 1 SmartCatPlus 1 1 355 Six Pak Plus 64k TSENG LABORATORIES RACAL VADIC Mega Plus 11 64k Ultra Pak Maxwell 1200PC 7 5395 OPlusll Prices subject to change without notice NO SURCHARGE for VISA or MasterCard No Sales Tax on Orders Outside Stale Purchase Orders Welcomed from Qualified Institutions NO SURCHARGE Please call for price verification Please add 2 Customer Service 1 800 431 9037 113 2 D COMPARE SERVICE BREAKTHROUGH SOFTWARE for IBM PC
36. ent directly to the CCC 29 Congress St Salem 01970 Specify ISSN 0360 5280 83 5 50 Copying done for other than personal or internal reference use without the permis sion of McGraw Hill Inc is prohibited Requests for special permission or bulk orders should be addressed to the publisher BYTE is available in microform from University Microfilms International 300 North Zeeb Rd Dept PR Ann Arbor MI 48106 18 Bedford Row Dept PR London WCIR 4E England Subscription questions or problems should be addressed to BYTE Subscriber Service POB 328 Hancock NH 03449 SECTION ART BY MACIEK ALBRECHT AUGUST 1985 BYTE 3 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 5 of 21 You Name Dual Drive Color PC That Runs Lotus 1 2 3 and Costs Under 1500 Hints e It comes with a 14 RGB monitor much like the 14 monitor that comes with the 2495 Leading Edge PC e It has dual 800K disk drives much like the 2495 Tandy 2000 but it also has the ability to read and write to popular 160K 320K and 360K IBM PC formats e It s an 8088 MS DOS system with 256K of RAM butit comes with a better free software bundle than the 8 bit Kaypro including MS DOS 2 11 HAGEN DOS DOS TUTOR WordStar 3 3 Easy Writer Spell Mail Track PC File III FILE BASE CalcStar games graphics utili ties and two BASIC languages e Althoughit s not PC DOS compatible it will run hundreds of the same pro grams asthe IBM including dBASE II Multiplan the PFS series Lo
37. i e WHILE DO UNTIL and FOR NEXT and BASIC subroutines GOSUB The stack is initialized to OFE and grows down The argument stack occupies loca tions 12D 301 decimal through IFE 510 decimal in external RAM This stack stores all the constants that BASIC is currently using Operations like add subtract multiply and divide always operate on the first two numbers on the argument stack and return the result to the argument COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 12 of 21 N NR al puo EN uU TMP2 n TN B REGISTER l B 1 pe y ER 1 y CIRCUIT CELLAR P2 0 P2 7 P0 0 PO 7 NT PORT O PORT 2 DRIVERS DRIVERS 3 gt STACK POINTER Reapau sour e Tur INTERRUPT SERIAL PORT AND THEIR BLOCKS vn gum e amm os umm Cum g Grm ee um mens 1 i lI lIl j i i i i i RAM ADDR REGISTER 7 M H M aS P A SS S SS P M T P SSD
38. ibits PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT MICHELE P VERVILLE Manager PATRICIA AKERLEY Research Manager CYNTHIA DAMATO SANDS Reader Service Coordinator FAITH KLUNTZ Copyrights Coordinator MANUFACTURING FINANCE SERVICES DANIEL RODRIGUES Director ACCOUNTING KENNETH A KING Assistant Controller VICK WESTON Accounting Manager LINDA SHORT D P Manager EDSON WARE Credit MARIE CAGGIANI MARILYN HAIGH DIANE HENRY VERN ROCKWELL JOANN WALTER TYPOGRAPHY SHERRY MCCARTHY Chief Typographer NAN FORNAL LEN LORETTE KATHY QUIST DONNA SWEENEY BUILDING SERVICES TRAFFIC ANTHONY BENNETT Building Services Manager BRIAN HIGGINS MARK MONKTON RECEPTIONISTS L RYAN MCCOMBS CHERYL CASTRO Assistant Editorial and Business Office 70 Main Street Peterborough New Hampshire 03458 603 924 9281 West Coast Offices McGraw Hill 425 Battery 51 San Francisco CA 94111 415 362 4600 McGraw Hill 1000 Elwell Court Palo Alto CA 94303 415 964 0624 New York Office 1221 Avenue of the Americas New York NY 10020 212 512 2000 Wh Officers of McGraw Hill Information Systems Company President Richard B Miller Executive Vice Presidents Frederick annott Con e 1 struction Information Group Russell C White Computers and Communications Information Group Thomas Ryan Marketing and Interna Hi tional Senior Vice Presidents Francis A Shinal Controller Robert C Violette Manufacturing and Technology Senior Vice Presidents
39. idisplay 459 290 Color 349 243 Smartmodem 1200B 549 375 Modular Graphics 398 289 AST Smartmodem 2400 899 695 STB Megaplus 64K 395 258 HERCULES Graph Plus 2 395 229 Six Pac Plus 64K 395 238 Graphic Card 499 318 Rio Plus 2 395 229 Color Card 245 169 TO ORDER CALL TOLL FREE 800 235 3020 USA 800 235 3021 CA manufacturers detect 415 382 9085 e Allow 3 weeks for checks to clear Prices may change Call for availability e No cash refunds Due to our low prices all sales final TERMS e Call for shipping charges and support policies e CALL FOR OUR FREE CATALOG e SAME DAY SHIPMENT ON MOST ORDERS Prompt UPS service e Authorized purchase orders accepted Dealer institutional and quantity discounts available e No surcharge for credit card purchases e VISA amp Mastercard accepted e COD BUSINESS SOFTWARE 448 IGNACIO BLVD STE 332 NOVATO CA 94947 AUGUST 1985 BYTE 117 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 21 of 21 Inquiry 114
40. l be displayed The error is nondestructive and you can retype the correct command BASIC 52 does not transfer the pro gram from EPROM to RAM when the ROM mode is selected and you can not edit a program in ROM Attempt ing to do so will result in an error message Since the ROM command does not transfer a program to RAM it is pos sible to have different programs in ROM and RAM simultaneously You can flip back and forth between the two modes at any time Another benefit of not transferring a program to RAM is that all the RAM can be used for variable storage if the pro gram is stored in EPROM The system control values MTOP and FREE always refer to RAM The XFER transfer command transfers the currently selected pro gram in EPROM to RAM and then selects the RAM mode After the XFER command is executed you can edit the program in the same manner any RAM program can be edited The PROG command programs the resident EPROM with the current pro gram this is the only time that the 21N programming voltage needs to be applied The current program can reside in either RAM or EPROM After PROG is typed BASIC 52 displays the number in the EPROM file the pro gram will occupy Normally after power is applied to COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 18 of 21 the BASIC 52 device you must type a space character to initialize the 8052AH s console port As a conve BASIC 52 contains a PROG1 command This command pr
41. l line numbers are integers A variable can be either a letter e g A X 1 a letter followed by a number e g Q1 L3 a letter followed by a one dimensioned expression e g 4 G A 6 I 1O SIN X or a letter followed by a number followed by a one dimensioned expression eg Al 8 P7 DBY 9 W8 A B Vari ables with a one dimensioned expres sion are called dimensioned or ar rayed variables Variables that involve only a letter or a letter and a number are called scalar variables BASIC 52 allocates variables in a static manner Each time a variable is used BASIC 52 allocates 8 bytes specifically for that variable This memory cannot be deallocated on a variable by variable basis If you ex ecute a statement like Q 3 later on you cannot tell BASIC 52 that the vari able Q no longer exists and free up the 8 bytes of memory that belong to Q You can clear the memory al located to variables with a CLEAR statement Relative to a dimensioned variable it takes BASIC 52 much less time to find a scalar variable That s because a scalar variable has no expression to continued AUGUST 1985 BYTE 115 COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 19 of 21 evaluate If you want to make a pro gram run as fast as possible use di mensioned variables only when you have to Use scalar variables for inter mediate variables then assign the final result to a dimensioned variable An expression is a logical mathe matical te
42. lip Robinson 369 Phil looks at Intel s iAPX 386 the 80C86 and Atron s hardware assisted debugger for the 86 family CIRCUIT CELLAR FEEDBACK conducted by Steve Ciara 2 376 Steve answers project related queries from readers BYTELINES conducted by Sol Lies PES 378 News and speculation about personal computers EDITORIAL BOOK REVIEWS arse 49 A VERY SPECIAL ISSUE 2 6 ARE EWUB 70 MICRIOBMTES C O 2 UNGLASSIFIED ABS n a e Lm 429 n 14 BYTE S ONGOING MONITOR BOX FIXES AND UPDATES os sax suaa 33 BOMB RESULTS 1 29 o as 430 t NEW a 39 380 READER SERVICE seh ose aan a 431 __ __ PD Ex aR as 290 Address all editorial correspondence to the Editor BYTE POB 372 Hancock NH 03449 Unacceptable manuscripts will be returned if accompanied by sufficient first class postage Not responsible for lost manuscripts or photos Opinions expressed by the authors are not necessarily those of BYTE Copyright 1985 by McGraw Hill Inc All rights reserved Trademark registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office Where necessary permission is granted by the copyright owner for libraries and others registered with the Copyright Clearance Center CCC to photocopy any article herein for the flat fee of 50 per copy of the article or any part thereof Correspondence and payment should be s
43. nce But database management is also handy for things like generating master mailing lists Creating invoices Sorting by zip code Checking inventory No files to lose No cross referencing your Rolodex No paperclips 2 100 Aldous Avenue Suite 7 1 May 20 1985 Detroit Michigan Mr Greg Helm Vice President Marketing Splendora Gourmet Baby Foods 2200 Michigan Place East Winnetka Illinois Dear Mr Helm 4 js As a busy executive you know that accomplishing your many professiona 5 i time job one ihe wi Mar you need is to take time out of your hectic piedi That s where wai cet i i ith our finger on more than 5 000 We re a full service recruitment firm wit dein agoros FS successor sive ambitious highly quall ie ses rnm professionals not unlike yourself s Our selective screening 75 processes help us locate Experience candidates who not only meet your specified work experience and salary requirements but who are well suited to the corporate E 4 culture of your company 55 y the highest success rate in the industry i itive in the industry main among the most competi 1 lease find more information on our client references case r ess for your reading pleasure At faced with an empty swivel chair don t 1981 One more reason we enjo histories and terms of bus And next time you fin
44. nd you can expect to see it in future Circuit Cellar projects With so much power and convenience can accom plish quite a bit in a few lines of code especially since that s all may ever write THE BCC 52 BOARD The BCC 52 is a single board con troller development system Shown as a prototype in photo and as a sche matic in figure 3 this 17 chip circuit 8K 8K RAM EPROM DE em EPROM Figure 1 Block diagram of the Circuit Cellar BASIC 52 computer controller board 106 BYTE AUGUST 1985 fits in a compact 4 by 6 inches the same size as the Term Mite smart ter minal see photo 2 if you want a two board complete system see my col umns in the January and February 1984 issues of BYTE It contains RAM EPROM an EPROM program mer three parallel ports and two serial ports The BCC 52 board has five main sections processor address decod ing and memory parallel I O input output serial and EPROM pro grammer The BCC 52 board is based on the 8052AH BASIC chip a prepro grammed version of Intel s 8052AH microcontroller see figure 4 The 8052AH is the newest of Intel s 8 bit microcontroller chip series also known as the MCS 51 family The 8052AH contains 8K bytes of on chip ROM 256 bytes of RAM three 16 bit counter timers six inter rupts and 32 I O lines In the 8052AH BASIC chip the ROM is a masked BASIC interpreter and the I O lines are redefined to address data and c
45. nformation in EPROM and execute program after reset use intelligent algorithm Function Set data transmission rate for line printer port Call assembly language program Clear variables interrupts and strings Clear stacks Clear interrupts Enable real time clock Disable real time clock Data to be read by READ statement Read data in DATA statement Restore read pointer Allocate memory for arrayed variables Set up loop for WHILE or UNTIL Test DO loop condition loop if false Test DO loop condition loop if true Terminate program execution Set up FOR NEXT loop Test FOR NEXT loop condition Execute subroutine Return from subroutine GOTO program line number Conditional GOTO Conditional GOSUB Conditional test Input a string or variable Assign a variable or string a value LET is optional ONERR or GOTO line number Generate an interrupt when time is equal to or greater than ONTIME argument line number is after comma GOSUB to line number following ONEX1 when INTI pin is pulled low Print variables strings or literals is shorthand for print Print to software serial port Print hexadecimal mode with zero suppression Print hexadecimal mode with no zero suppression PHO to line printer PH1 to line printer Push expressions on argument stack Statement POP PWM REM RETI STOP STRING Ul UIO UO1 UOO Operator CBY DBY XBY GET Function Pop argument stack to variables
46. ograms the resident EPROM with the data transmission rate information The next time the MCS BASIC 52 device is powered up i e reset the chip will read this information and initialize the serial port with the stored data trans mission rate The sign on message will be sent to the console immediately after the BASIC 52 device completes its reset sequence The space charac ter no longer needs to be typed The PROG2 command does every thing the PROG1 command does but instead of signing on and entering the command mode the BCC 52 board immediately begins executing the first program stored in the resident EPROM By using the PROG2 command it is possible to run a program from a reset condition and never connect the BCC 52 board to a console In es sence saving PROG2 information is equivalent to typing ROM 1 and RUN in sequence This is ideal for control applications where it is not always possible to have a terminal present In addition this feature lets you write a special initialization sequence in BASIC or assembly language and generate a custom sign on message for specific applications POWERING UP THE BOARD The best way to check out the BCC 52 board is to run it with the minimum hardware first With only ICs 1 2 4 7 9 11 13 and 15 installed we have an 8K byte RAM only system After apply ing power BASIC 52 clears the inter nal 8052AH memory initializes the in ternal registers and pointers and tests clear
47. ontrol lines Figure 5a illustrates the 8052AH BASIC chip pinout The 8052AH BASIC chip has a 16 bit address and an 8 bit data bus the 8 least significant address bits ADO AD7 and the data bus DO D7 are multiplexed together similar to continued 2764 8K 27128 16K EPROM PROGRAMMER COMPASS EXH 1005 Page 8 of 21 Command RUN CONT LIST LIST NEW NULL RAM ROM XFER PROG PROG PROG2 FPROG FPROG1 FPROG2 Statement BAUD CALL CLEAR CLEARS CLEAR CLOCK1 CLOCKO DATA READ RESTORE DIM DO UNTIL WHILE END FORTO STEP NEXT GOSUB RETURN GOTO ON GOTO ON GOSUB IF THEN ELSE INPUT ONEX1 PRINT PRINT PHO 1 PHO PH1 PUSH CIRCUIT CELLAR Function Execute a program Continue after a stop or Control C List program to the console device List program to serial printer Erase the program stored in RAM Set null count after carriage return line feed Evoke RAM mode current program in read write memory Evoke ROM mode current program in ROM EPROM Transfer a program from ROM EPROM to RAM Save the current program in EPROM Save data transmission rate information in EPROM Save data transmission rate information in EPROM and execute program after reset Save the current program in EPROM using the intelligent algorithm Save data transmission rate information in EPROM using the intelligent algorithm Save data transmission rate i
48. ping and handling in the continental United States 8 else where New York residents please include 8 percent sales tax Connecticut residents please include 7 5 percent sales tax To receive a complete list of Ciarcia s Cir cuit Cellar project kits circle 100 on the reader service inquiry card at the back of the magazine Hard to Find Formats rtvaiable Lower Prices Anyuhere Hidden Charges BUSINESS SOFTWARE WORD PERFECT PROPAK 238 419 AID FUNK MONOGRAM Typequick 85 69 Sideways 60 39 Dollars and Sense IBM 179 109 ALPHA SOFTWARE HARVARD SOFTWARE Dollars and Sense Mac 149 99 Data Base Manager 2 295 169 Harvard Project Mgr 395 219 MULTIMATE INTERNATIONAL ANDERSON BELL Harvard Total Project Mgr 495 275 Multimate 495 231 Abstat 395 267 HUMAN EDGE OASIS ASHTON TATE Mind Probe 50 35 Word Plus 150 105 D Base 495 CALL KOALA Punctuation and Style 150 95 D Base Ill 695 CALL Touch Tablet PC 150 95 PEACHTREE Framework 695 CALL MacVision 400 249 Peachtext 5000 425 185 Friday 295 CALL LEXISOFT Business Graphics System 295 219 ATI Spellbinder 495 239 Peachpak 4 395 199 Training Word Star 75 45 EE PETER NORTON in writer Delux iliti dBase Ill 5 45 LIVING VIDEO TEXT INC soron CE fes 3 0 100 58 General Accounting 595 348 Think Tank 195 99 Execuvision 395 289 BORLAND INTERNATIONAL adus Mac
49. rm that involves operators both unary and dyadic constants and variables Expressions can be simple or quite complex eg 12 100 H 1 55 or SIN A SIN A COS A COS A 2 A stand alone variable var or constant const is also considered an expression REAL TIME OPERATION After RUN is typed all variables are set equal to zero all BASIC evoked in terrupts are cleared and program ex ecution begins with the first line number of the selected program The RUN command and the GOTO state ment are the only ways you can ex ecute a program in the command mode Program execution can be ter minated at any time by typing a Control C on the console device Unlike some BASIC interpreters that allow a line number to follow the RUN S e Ja gt Ww ital gt PT Photo 3 The BCC 52 and Term Mite boards can be combined with other BCC series CIRCUIT CELLAR command e g RUN 100 BASIC 52 does not permit such a variation on the RUN command Execution always begins with the first line number To obtain the same functionality as the RUN In num use GOTO In num in the direct mode The statement enables the software real time clock in BASIC 52 The special function operator time is incremented once every 5 ms after the CLOCK1 statement has been ex ecuted CLOCK1 statement uses timer counter O in the 13 bit mode to generate an interrupt once every 5 ms Because of this the special f
50. s and sizes the external memory BASIC 52 then assigns the top of ex ternal RAM to the system control value MTOP and uses this number as the random number seed BASIC 52 assigns the default crystal value 11 0592 MHz to the system control value XTAL and uses this default value to calculate all time dependent functions like the EPROM program CIRCUIT CELLAR ming timer and the interrupt driven real time clock Finally BASIC 52 checks external memory location 8000 to see if the data transmission rate information is stored If the data transmission rate is stored BASIC 52 initializes the data transmission rate generator the 8052AH s special function register T2CON with this in formation and signs on If not BASIC 52 interrogates the serial port input and waits for a space character to be typed automatic data transmission rate detection If you have entered nothing on the console device BASIC 52 will appear inoperative to the uninitiated Simply type a space and the console device should display the following MCS 52 tm BASIC Vx x READY gt To see if the processor is operating correctly we type the following gt PRINT XTAL TMOD TCON T2CON BASIC 52 should respond with the control and special function values 11059200 16 244 52 gt A WORD ABOUT THE BASIC As I mentioned earlier BASIC 52 is oriented toward process control and is significantly more powerful than a tiny BASIC Since mos
51. softSot 159 Wordstar2000 5259 14 CHARTMASTER 275 Cobol Compiler MS 1 479 WORDSTAR 2000 PLUS 309 HARDWARE for IBM dnt AST PARADISE SYSTEMS VEN TEL 0n Orders Totaling Over 100 Shipped UPS FREE If Under 100 Wordstar Pro Pac Wordstar Pro Plus 345 WORD PERFECT New Release 245 Microsoft Word 245 MULTIMATE 249 Volkswriter Deluxe 165 Peachtext5000 1 199 Easywriter Il Speller Mailer 199 Edix amp Wordix 255 Finalword 225 Ill 325 Xy Write Il Plus 255 Think Tank 125 pfs write 85 PROKEY 3 0 89 Norton Utilities New Release 65 SIDEKICK unprotected 65 Crosstalk XVI New Release 115 Sideways 45 Copy II PC 39 DESK ORGANIZER 129 AST RESEARCH con Advantage 128k QUADRAM Quadboard 64k STB Rio Plus Il 64k Rio Grande Grande Byte TECMAR Captain KEYTRONIC 5150 5151 Deluxe 5152B M for handling and insurance Int l orders add l Payment MasterCard VISA American Exp 0 0 Money Order or Check Cuin 1 800 645 3491 d Ims Hot Line THE LOGICAL CHOICE a a ad Member of The Logic Group immediate Replacement on EUR Defective Product MEMBER Direct Marketing Association Inc dma 7 Jm zm OO 0 3 2D o zo o 110 Bi County Blvd Farmingdale N Y IB des New York State 516 249 8440 Canada 416 283 2354 Domestic International Telex 286905 Soft UR C
52. t of you are familiar with BASIC I will not describe individual instructions like DO WHILE and FOR NEXT Instead l d like to point out the pertinent fea tures that demonstrate the excep tional small package performance of the BCC 52 board MCS BASIC 52 contains a minimum level line editor Once a line is entered you cannot change the line without retyping it However it is pos sible to delete characters while a line is in the process of being entered This is done by inserting a rubout or delete character 7F The rubout char acter will cause the last character entered to be erased from the text in put buffer Additionally pressing Control D will cause the entire line to be erased VARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS The range of numbers that can be represented in BASIC 52 in decimal is IE 127 to 0 99999999E 127 It has eight digits of significance Numbers are internally rounded to fit this precision Numbers can be entered and displayed in four formats integer decimal hexadecimal and ex ponential for example 129 34 98 OA6EH 1 23456E 43 Integers are numbers that range from 32 768 to 432 767 decimal All integers can be entered in either decimal or hexadecimal format A hexadecimal number is indicated by placing the letter H after the number When an operator like AND requires an integer BASIC 52 will truncate the fraction portion of the number so that it will fit the inte ger format Al
53. tus 1 2 3 and even Flight Simulator e During the dog days of summer computer sales we ve lowered the prices ofboth ourcolorand monochrome systems You can receive a free booklet on these systems by calling our machine at 1 800 FOR A FOX and leaving your name and address at the beep Your time is up the answer is Selma OM sectetur c PALO T also Fox Jr 899 Silver Fox 1297 Scottsdale Systems us 617 N Scottsdale Rd D Scorrsdale Az 85257 602 941 5850 mmm The Silver Fox is sold exclusively by Scottsdale Systems Ltd 617 N Scottsdale Road B Scottsdale AZ 85257 Trademarks Silver Fox HAGEN DOS and Datemate Scottsdale Systems Ltd WordStar and CalcStar Micropro International MS DOS and Multiplan Micro soft Corporation FILEBASE EWDP Software Inc dBASE Ashton Tate IBM PC and IBM PC DOS International Business Machines Corporation Ordering Telemarketing only Silver Fox price is for cash F O B Scottsdale prices subject to change product subject to limited supply We accept purchase orders from Fortune 1000 companies and major universities with good credit add 2 Visa Mastercard add 3 AZ residents add 6 Returned merchandise subject to a 20 restocking fee Personal or company checks take up to 3 weeks to clear No COD s or APO s 4 BYTE AUGUST 1985 EDITOR IN CHIEF PHILIP LEMMONS MANAGING EDITOR GENE SMARTE CONSULTING EDITORS
54. unction operator time has a resolu tion of 5 ms BASIC 52 automatically calculates the proper reload value for timer counter O after the crystal value has been assigned XTAL value If no crystal value is assigned MCS BASIC 52 assumes a value of 11 0592 MHz The special function operator time counts from 0 to 65 535 995 sec onds After reaching a count of 65 535 995 seconds time overflows back to a count of 0 The interrupts associated with the 22 St ene gx ez peripheral devices to create control and data acquisition systems Here they are combined with four BCC 13 8 channel 8 bit A D converter boards to make a 32 channel data acquisition system 116 BYTE AUGUST 1985 CLOCK statement cause BASIC pro grams to run at about 99 6 percent of normal speed That means that the in terrupt handling for the real time clock feature consumes only about 0 4 percent of the total processor time This is small interrupt overhead The CLOCKO statement disables or turns off the real time clock feature The TIME statement is used to retrieve and or assign a value to the real time clock after the CLOCK 1 statement enables it TIME 5 pre sets the real time clock to 5 seconds while ONTIME 30 100 causes the pro gram to jump to line 100 when the real time clock reaches 30 seconds Finally PWM might be useful to literally add bells and whistles to your next control application PWM stands for pulse width
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