Home

User Manual - GEOSYSTEM Software

Contents

1. 49 5 3 1 Saturated M Sture s casi db ic os ied 49 5 3 2 Saturated Density cassette diea vga a i vl dece rt 49 5 3 3 Sat rated Satu Gilory sen roiv d iori Fo RP REOR RE Bar 50 5 3 4 Consolidated M oisture Content 50 5 3 5 Consolidated Dry Density sustituto dirette nah adr turns 51 5 3 6 Consolidated Dac 51 AC TERI 51 5 4 ASTM 4767 METHOD CALCULATIONS 52 5 4 1 Saturated M orstureC Onten 52 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 6 5 4 7 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 7 5 6 CALCULATION 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 6 3 5 6 4 5 6 5 5 6 6 5 6 7 5 7 M EASUREMEN 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 7 4 5 7 5 5 7 6 5 7 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 qood eei eed a as ul Consolidated M oisture Content Consolidated Dry Density Consolidated Saturatl ae Opa tpa dep Consolidat 202 nig dor dedito does ASTM D 4767 METHOD B CALCULATIONS een Saturated M eisture teo t tdi cab Saturated Dry DSI wet racio buie tu Saturated mises terme d tb Consolidated M oi stur
2. Figure 2 2 2 Specimen Measurements Moist weight This is the total moist weight of the specimen Note that the measurement units used are selectable between grams and pounds to change the units select Options gt SHEAR Setup click on the Units tab and change the Specimen weights setting See 1 2 2 Specific gravity This is the mineral solids specific gravity The value entered must be a number greater than 1 If you are assuming a specific gravity value for the samples make sure to check the Specific gravity value is assumed box on the Sample Info window 20 SHEAR User s Guide Diameter and Height Sample dimensions may be entered in inches centimeters or millimeters depending on the current data entry units setting 1 2 2 Compression side length This is the length of the square or rectangular shear box side against which a direct shear sample is compressed See 1 2 2 for information on changing the length measurement units Side 2 length This is the length of the non compression side of a square or rectangular shear box See the Use square or rectangular shear box Sample Info setting 2 1 2 for information on choosing between a rectangular or circular direct shear test sample Net decrease in height For direct shear and consolidated triaxial tests the change in height during consolidation is used to determine the sample volume at the start of the shear test Triaxial tests also r
3. These examples include extensive annotations documenting our manual verification of the program s results Reading to lead converter direct reading correspond exactly to leads units 16 Ded Lead Sirain Miner Major Pore Det Sess Presa 0 0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 1008 0 1008 0 fron inipur ho input dim oen dal daidai oerte delibere conr olde Fgh aan Soir 1 4 35 dress a adeno area B ares rece omwei kee cere ore modulis 124106 bole Tecknessa ore Ron 4 modules members thickest riran diemneler mar d reodalus recht consermson factor i Consoidabed ora Garrat Correction st 4 0 05 2090698 ea 4117 20882 5 224 pil w 640 SST gian i not appie if resuie ins difference of less fan penceni ur pacer apples 226 coreerege 40 pos Correction co thiokent kein decimal percent initial diseneber orm ansa oni 2 pet coiii coverage decimal percent perimeter perimeter In cm creanga comesrion tector ansa
4. Note that these settings affect every test entered into the current project file 1 2 1 General Emsa ts T m She bimckas conden ue 1 Ales tad chats De pid hoes Earn bres Dry hean iab lec T arr haipad the men mea Fes bation fhe aoe Figure 1 2 1 Setup Dialog General Settings Tab Moisture content uses SHEAR can be set up to keep a list of container IDs and associated weights when entering moisture content data instead of entering the container weight you can enter the container ID and the program will look up the associated weight To do this select Tare ID in this box then enter your list of container IDs and weights into the program s container database Options gt Container List Allow single specimen test charts P Q Mohr s peak residual to have tangent lines When this option is turned off P Q Mohr s and peak residual stress charts for a single specimen do not show a tangent line Prompt text color Sets the color of the data entry prompts shown on the Sample Info and Specimen tabs Click Set to select a color or Reset to restore the program s default color 1 2 2 Introduction Installation and Setup Navigation tab placement Navigation tabs allow you to change from one window to another for example between the
5. This button forces the left end of the line to pass through the lower left corner of the chart i e through 0 0 Two toolbar buttons determine how the chart appears on the chart report Points on Chart When this button is in the up position the peak and ultimate stress points are omitted from the report s chart Best fit Lines on Chart When this button is in the up position the lines connecting the peak and ultimate stress points are omitted from the report s chart Check the effect of selecting or deselecting these options by selecting Window Report Preview 33 Reporting Your Data 4 Reporting Your Data SHEAR features three main report styles discussed in the following sections 4 1 XML Files SHEAR s XML files are small files that list all of your raw SHEAR testing data along with the program s calculated values e g stress strain etc XML files are saved on disk and may be viewed by a web browser or by versions of Microsoft Excel newer than Excel2000 This is an ideal format for e mailing testing data and results to your clients in a format that incorporates both a means of presentation through a web browser as well as a means of manipulating the raw data through a spreadsheet XML files are generated by selecting SHEAR gt Export XML File Once exported a SHEAR XML file may be saved to a web site or e mailed directly to your clients A portion of a SHEAR XML file as viewed with Intern
6. This selection also applies to the pore pressure graphs shown on the second page of the triaxial test report Do not summarize ASTM Method B saturated params If selected calculated saturated values diameter density void ratio and saturation will be omitted from the program s data summary report for ASTM D 4767 Method B tests 1 2 6 Direct Shear Bassal Uis Reprsie Magn Tam Dieci Labwi ilu am ET Label in Figure 1 2 6 Setup Dialog Direct Shear Tab Label failure stress as Label ultimate stress as The terms used on reports to label the stress at failure peak and ultimate stress may be changed gt The labels typically used are Failure Stress and Ultimate Stress respectively 10 SHEAR User s Guide 1 3 Container Weight Database The program may be set up to keep a list of container IDs and weights this list is shared with other GEOSYSTEM programs such as the Moisture Density and Atterberg Limits modules After setting up the list you can enter your moisture content test data with a container ID in place of the tare weight Selecting Options gt Container List displays the container weight editor Figure 1 3 1 Container List Dialog Container IDs are what you use when entering moisture content data they re convenient unique identifiers assigned to the containers holding the moisture content samples Ds may be any combinat
7. height and area as when the previous stage completed If this non standard procedure was used check the Single specimen staged test box Staged tests require initial specimen data initial moist weight moisture content change in saturated consolidated water volume height etc only for the first stage subsequent stages require only the change in height during consolidation 16 Data Entry SHEAR User s Guide When testing staged samples do not reset the deformation dial between stages The program does not add in the deformation produced by previous stages so the dial cannot change between changes SHEAR does not currently support staged consolidated drained tests Membrane correction Selecting this option applies the ASTM D 4767 Section 10 7 correction for rubber membranes Note that the correction requires the membrane thickness and the membrane modulus Membrane modulus See ASTM D 4767 Section 10 7 1 ASTM D 4767 Section 10 7 1 notes that a typical value for latex membranes is about 0 137895 Membrane thickness Enter the thickness of the rubber membrane in cms Filter paper correction Selecting this option applies the ASTM D 4767 Section 10 6 correction for filter paper strips Filter paper coefficient Enter the coefficient for the load carried by the filter paper per unit length of perimeter covered by filter paper ASTM D 4767 Section 10 6 notes that a typical value is about 0 0019 kN cm Filt
8. 69 W water volume 14 16 18 21 22 50 51 52 55 56 57 59 60 61 69 word processor 1 42 X XML 34
9. 1 Figure 4 3 2 Figure 4 3 3 Figure 4 3 4 Figure 4 3 5 and Figure 4 3 6 You can change both report type s margins the whitespace between the sides of the page and the borders around the report by clicking on the Margins tab of the Setup dialog Uas Tam Dieci Shea raapi fue cres Fist 4 Figure 1 2 4 Setup Dialog Margins Tab Select margins for This drop down box selects for which of the two report types summary or chart the margin changes will apply Prior to entering new margins make sure that this box shows the appropriate report style Top Left Right and Bottom The measurement units that are used for the report margins inches or centimeters are determined by the Regional Options in your Windows Control Panel 1 2 5 SHEAR User s Guide Triax Uss eect haa fewer hen cae 0 2 EI fa 2 Labeli shao am F EL Label urate min in bus oo chart ssi E Hsi pori on 54 chaa sah cras peste ie papi Figure 1 2 5 Setup Dialog Triax Tab Minimum strain scale range 0 2 100 This setting can be used to ensure that all stress strain charts produced with the program share the same strain scale specify the minimum strain scale as the desired strain scale maximum for all the charts As long as all of the str
10. 25 7 where saturated dry density saturated volume 5 Saturated volume H 2x AH H AH x A x s s where saturated volume AH change in height during saturation A initial area Minimum allowable saturated volume Vstmin Vms Vwi where V saturated volume Ving volume of mineral solids Vwi initial volume of water change in water volume during saturation Initial volume of water W Vwi UW where Wy initial weight of water as documented in 5 3 1 UW unit weight of water 1gm cc 5 7 3 Saturated Saturation The saturated saturation will either be 100 if the minimum volume criteria was used or be calculated as documented in 5 4 3 60 SHEAR User s Guide 5 7 4 Consolidated Moisture Content X UW MC MC where MC saturated moisture content decimal MC consolidated moisture content decimal Wy weight of pore water consolidated 5 7 5 Consolidated Dry Density Wins V where consolidated dry density V consolidated volume Consolidated volume H 2x AH AH H 1 V H AH AH x A x where V consolidated volume C AH change in height during consolidation C Minimum consolidated volume where V ctmin minimum consolidated volume V stmin minimum saturated volume change in water volume du
11. 39 42 data summary and export tool 42 71 Date sampled 15 Def Dial 26 deformation 1 17 18 26 27 63 66 67 vertical 1 18 27 35 Deformation dial divisor 26 deleting data 29 density 1 14 16 44 45 46 47 48 50 51 52 53 55 56 57 58 60 61 62 di ameter 6 45 65 66 68 Dimensions 4 27 direct shear 1 6 14 15 16 18 20 21 25 26 30 32 39 66 69 72 Do not summarize ASTM Method B saturated params 10 DOS 29 drained 1 17 27 63 64 Drop Checked by from reports if a nameis not entered 7 Drop Tested by from reports if not entered 7 E English Seeunits Enter vertical deformation 18 27 excess See pore pressure Export XML File 34 F Fabric on fabric no soil test 18 failure See peak figure number 16 filter paper coefficient 17 correction 17 percent coverage 17 Fluid pressure 4 5 25 27 G GDM 1 2 13 15 28 29 35 39 71 Get Tan from M ohr s 32 height16 18 21 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 56 59 60 61 62 63 65 69 Import DOS SHEAR File 29 Include disclaimer on chart reports 7 Include specimen number on stress strain charts 6 initial sample area 18 45 47 48 height 45 48 installation 2 3 L ab number Seespecimen number Label failure stress as 9 10 Label ultimate stress as 9 10 Layer name 42 LD4 1 2 3 13 29 35 42 43 71 Liquid limit 15 Load reading and load precision 6 Load ring constant 23 24 23 LRC See Load ring consta
12. Additional decimal precision for all testing results Strengths cohesions and failure pore pressures are all reported using a commonly accepted number of decimal places for the measurement units being used To add an extra decimal place to these values check the Additional decimal box Additional decimal precision for reporting dimensions Diameters and heights are reported using a commonly accepted number of decimal places for the measurement units being used checking the Additional decimal precision box adds one more decimal place SHEAR User s Guide Staged tests Determines how the stress and strain values calculated for staged tests are reported e Restart stress amp strain at 0 for each stage Each stage s stress and strain values begin with 0 at the start of the stage e Stress amp strain accumulates from first stage Each stage s stress and strain values begin with the previous stage s final stress and strain e Strains accumulate stress restarts at 0 Each stage s strain values begin with the last stage s final strain but the stress values restart at O with the start of each new stage Include disclaimer on chart reports If selected a disclaimer is printed down the left margin of chart reports The disclaimer is listed in the Disclaimer field directly below the checkbox and may be modified after checking the Include disclaimer box Drop Tested by from reports if a name is not entered The Sample Info window i
13. definition the saturated saturation in an ASTM Method B test is 100 5 5 4 Consolidated Moisture Content ASTM Method B uses the final moisture content as the consolidated moisture content 55 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 5 5 Consolidated Dry Density Wins WS where yq consolidated dry density V consolidated volume C Consolidated volume Ve Vins V where V consolidated volume Ving volume of mineral solids Vyf final pore water volume 5 5 6 Consolidated Saturation By definition the consolidated saturation in an ASTM Method B test is 100 5 5 7 Consolidated Area V Awa H where A consolidated area consolidated volume consolidated sample height Consolidated volume Ve Vut Vins where final volume water wf mis volume of mineral solids Consolidated height H H AH AH where Hj initial height AH change in height during saturation AH change in height during consolidation 56 SHEAR User s Guide 5 6 ASTM D 4767 Method B with Saturation Estimate Calculations A variation of ASTM Method B allows the user to employ an estimate of the consolidated specimen saturation rather than assuming 100 It is available only for CU tests This section explains methods of calculating the saturated and consolidated parameters using this variation of ASTM Method B 5 6 1 Saturated Moisture Content This calculation is identical to
14. determining volume changes area changes and volumetric strain Deviator stress Ao c Of Om Where Ao deviator stress applied load An area at reading n strength contribution of the filter paper TX only Om strength contribution of the rubber membrane TX only If using proving rings the load P is P LDR LDR x LRG for single stage rings and 2 stage rings up to the crossover reading P LDCR LDR x LRC LDR LDCR for double stage rings past the crossover P Ax LDR B for Ax B type rings where LRC primary load ring constant LRC secondary load ring constant LRCR load ring crossover reading A reading coefficient with Ax B rings B ordinal intercept with Ax B rings Area at reading n UCC and undrained TX A Au 1 21 where A consolidated area of the sample strain decimal at reading n Area at reading n drained TX 64 where where where where where Vn specimen volume at reading n H specimen height at reading n AV consolidated specimen volume change volume from effluent measurements at reading n H AH consolidated specimen height change in height at reading n Of at reading n lt 0 02 xP f f O5 50x x Of at reading n gt 0 02 S Kg X Pip A theoretical strength contribution o
15. installed when you install SHEAR after installing might want to check the GEOSYSTEM web site www geosystemsoftware com for any available updates Installing SHEAR is simple place the program s CD into a CD drive If the installation program doesn t automatically start double click on your My Computer desktop icon navigate to your CD drive and double click on the SETUP program If you have already licensed the GEOSYSTEM Drilling Log program or any other GEOSYSTEM Windows programs you must install SHEAR into the same hard disk or network subdirectory If you are installing the software onto a network server please refer to the Networks section in the LD4 manual or the Network Installation section in the Data Manager manual before proceeding with the installation gt you re adding SHEAR to an existing GEOSYSTEM for Windows installation you can make sure that SHEAR was installed correctly by starting the GEOSYSTEM for Windows package SHEAR should be listed next to the Installed modules title on the right side of the opening screen SHEAR User s Guide 1 2 Configuring SHEAR SHEAR includes support for a few different testing and recording procedures before typing in your first test set you should make sure that the package is correctly configured To do this start up your GEOSYSTEM for Windows package refer to either the GDM or LD4 manuals for instructions then select Options SHEAR Setup
16. only be something like grades to slightly silty with the full stratigraphy description taken at some depth above the SHEAR sample If this is the case you can either override the default description or click on the link that reads Click here to select from a list of material descriptions this drops down a box listing all of the material descriptions entered into the current source folder Double click on one of the descriptions to select it Date sampled Use any date format desired e g mm dd yy or dd mm yyyy or November 20 2004 Liquid limit Plasticity index These values are automatically retrieved from the GEOSYSTEM Atterberg Limits program if it has been licensed and if Atterberg testing data are entered prior to entering the SHEAR test data Ifa valid liquid limit and plasticity index are entered SHEAR will automatically calculate and report the plastic limit on chart reports Testing remarks Use this field to note any deviations from normal sample preparation and testing procedures testing personnel etc 15 data Chart report figure number This value is printed at the bottom right corner of the chart reports Typically the value will be shown as Figure No xxxxxxx to change the title from Figure No to e g Plate No exit SHEAR SHEAR gt Save and Exit then select Options gt Setup General Options click on the Lab Modules tab and enter the new title into the On reports Figure No is titled f
17. specimen data entry window and the report preview window The tabs look like this Sample Info Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specime The tabs may be placed at either the top of the bottom of the screen by selecting one of the Navigation tab placement options Units Bassa Uss Dieci Spanar ghi t Fld pee p d 4 hee aul H Fimi jempe 4 Diresaiora che 8 _ te Figure 1 2 2 Setup Dialog Units Tab Data entry Specimen weight Selects the units used to measure the initial specimen weight grams or 165 Fluid pressure Specifies the units used to measure pore pressures Dimensions Determines the units used for dial readings specimen heights etc SHEAR User s Guide Reports When listing your data on one of the program s chart reports SHEAR can convert your measurements into different units This capability allows you to for example take all of your data in Imperial units and report in SI units The conversion does not change the data that you ve entered it merely reports your measurements in different units The Reports section selects the chart report units if you do not want to convert your data make sure that the Reports selections match those in the Data entry section Density Selects the units used to reporting unit weights Stress Selects the units used for reporting calculated stress
18. the one covered in 5 4 1 5 6 2 Saturated Dry Density Wins V where yg saturated dry density V saturated volume S Saturated volume Vms t AV where V volume of mineral solids ms Vut final volume voids change in water volume during consolidation Volume of mineral solids W 1 Mis a 1 MCj xG where Wi initial sample weight MC initial moisture content G specific gravity of mineral solids Final volume of voids _ Vyf S UW 57 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where Wmns MC final moisture content 90 weight of mineral solids Sc estimated consolidated final saturation UW unit weight of water 1 gm cc 5 6 3 Saturated Saturation This calculation is identical to the ASTM Method A saturated saturation calculation covered in 5 4 3 5 6 4 Consolidated Moisture Content ASTM Method B Sat Est uses the final moisture content as the consolidated moisture content 5 6 5 Consolidated Dry Density Wins ETE where consolidated dry density V consolidated volume C Consolidated volume Ve Ving where V consolidated volume Ving volume of mineral solids Vut final volume of voids 5 6 6 Consolidated Saturation The consolidated saturation is the value entered as the estimated consolidated saturation 5 6 7 Consolidated Area 58 SHEAR User s Guide wh
19. two sets of p q values representing the total and effective stresses The total stress p q values are shown in red and the effective stress values are shown in blue The chart also displays one or two lines that should ideally connect all the same colored failure stress points I e the blue line connects the failure points on the blue p q chart SHEAR attempts to automatically adjust these lines for a best fit The lines may also be manually adjusted 1 If pore pressures were taken begin by clicking on the Effective or Total buttons 31 2 Drag with the left mouse button down the end of the line to be adjusted There are also several toolbar buttons designed to help with the adjustment Best Fit This button returns the tangent line to the program s automatically selected alignment Through 0 0 This button forces the left end of the tangent line to pass through the lower left corner of the chart 1 through 0 0 Get Tan from Mohr s This forces the best fit line to correlate with orientation of the Mohr s circles tangent line The correlation is useful because the intersection of the Mohr s circles tangent with a specimen s Mohr s circle represents the specimen s peak stress point Several toolbar buttons determine how the chart appears on the chart report Points on Chart When this button is in the up position the p q stress paths are omitted from the report s chart Best fit lines on Chart When this button i
20. ultimate stress DIDTX DIDTX DIDDS and DIDUCC are initialized to Y for any samples for DIDDS which a triaxial direct shear or unconfined test was performed DIDUCC respectively can be used to count the number of tests performed for a given project 72 DXF PDF WMF A term Acrobat A ctual loads A dd sample number location A dditional decimal precision See CAD See metafile crobat See metafile 24 1 39 42 40 25 41 6 area 7 15 16 18 19 45 47 48 52 53 54 56 59 60 63 64 65 67 68 69 ASTM D 2850 ASTM D 4767 Atterberg AutoCAD B ring equation B B term Back pressure Base file name Best Fit Best fit Lines on Chart Binary buret Buret precision C CAD Cell pressure Chart Effective 14 10 15 17 22 52 54 57 11 15 24 24 25 40 41 31 32 33 33 42 See outflow buret 17 1 39 42 25 31 32 chart report 5 7 8 15 16 18 28 31 32 33 35 39 42 Chart report figure number 16 Chart T otal 31 32 Circles on Chart 31 clipboard 42 COE 1 14 16 22 46 47 48 49 50 51 53 59 Compression side length 21 configuration See setup consolidated 1 area 15 drained 1 17 63 undrained 1 15 container ID 3 11 20 container list 11 Container List 3 11 SHEAR User s Guide copy 2 28 42 Corps of Engineers SeeCOE Crossover 23 24 D Data entry requires 11 D ata M anager See GDM data summary 35
21. COPYING REPORTSTO THE WINDOWS CLIPBOARD 42 4 6 LISTING RESULTSFROM MULTIPLE SHEAR 5 42 5 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION nnne nnns 44 5 1 INITIAL SPECIMEN eser d d E bed 44 5 1 1 Initial Mostre conten sedat 44 5 12 Calaulatinglnitial M oistureContent without Initial M oisture Content Data 44 5137 al Wea 45 SrA Initial Voue cna boire t RR ER a 45 5 15 Initial Cross Sectional A rea for Round 45 5 1 6 Initial Cross Sectional Area for Square DS Specimen 45 5 18 Initial BOE SUD Go auct curte ettet ct tees Deed trenta 45 5 9 m bet 46 5 1 10 Initial Void a ct 46 5 2 CORPSOF ENGINEERS UNIFORM STRAIN CALCULATIONS enn 46 5 2 1 Saturated Moisture C ONCE rta 46 5 2 2 Saturated Dry rU ptr mem pd uem 47 5 2 3 Saturated scire 47 5 2 4 Consolidated M orsture Content uot ai i a cuo 47 5 2 5 Consolidated Dry Density rete o Meteo end en ce oer ee tcd 48 5 2 6 Consolidated Saturation dati edad tfe ipai 48 52 7 A TOS 48 5 3 CORPSOF ENGINEERS SATURATION ASSUMED CALCULATIONS
22. DOS SHEAR File Navigate to the hard disk subdirectory where your DOS SHEAR program was installed typically this will be CASHEAR Locate the data file that you re trying to import DOS SHEAR data file names end in SDT and double click on it 29 Curve Display 3 Curve Display The Charts tab Window gt Charts displays charts of triaxial Mohr s circles and p q stress paths direct shear peak vs normal stress and unconfined compression stress vs strain curves The Mohr s circles P Q and direct shear charts feature adjustable tangent line constructions 3 1 Mohr s Circles Chart Display To display a chart of a triaxial test s Mohr s circles select Window gt Charts then click on the Mohr s toolbar button Fee ie main inti Char Fg Iib F PEO ida o Bime pipan 12 a Me ee l Ci aeiee Figure 3 1 1 Mohr s Circles Chart Display If pore pressure measurements were taken SHEAR will display two sets of Mohr s cicles representing the total and effective stresss The total stress Mohr s circles are shown in red and the effective stress circles are shown in blue The chart also displays one or two lines that should ideally be tangent to all the Mohr s circles of the same color I e the blue line should be tangent to all the blue Mohr s circles SHEAR attempts to automatically adjust these lines for a best fit The line
23. GEOSYSTEM SHEAR Axial and Direct Shear Module for GEOSYSTEM for Windows Copyright 2004 Von Gunten Engineering Software Inc 363 West Drake 10 Fort Collins CO 80526 www geosystemsoftware com Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Von Gunten Engineering Software Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and the software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that agreement The licensee may make copies of the software for backup purposes only No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form for purposes other than the licensee s personal use without the written consent of Von Gunten Engineering Software Inc Copyright Von Gunten Engineering Software Inc 2004 All rights reserved Published in the United States of America is a registered trademark of VES Inc Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Terms of License Agreement 1 The Licensee agrees not to sell or otherwise distribute the program or the program documentation Each copy of the program is licensed only for use at a single address 2 The Licensee agrees not to hold Von Gunten Engineering Software Inc VES Inc liable for any harm damages claims losses or expenses arising out of any act or occurrence related in any way to the use of the program 3 The program i
24. PDF files from a certain project you may not need to include the project number as part of each PDF file name instead of being called for example P92321 Sample S 4 Boring B 3 PDF P92321 being the project number by leaving the Base file name field blank you can get export files with names like Sample 5 4 Boring B 3 PDF Place files in Gives the directory where your exported PDF DXF or EMF file will be placed Report is scaled in Reports exported as DXF EMF or PDF measure either 10 units vertically when scaled in inches or 25 4 units vertically when scaled in centimeters This selection does not affect the report s appearance rather it affects the coordinates given to each line and piece of text on the report As such the selection is only important when the exported report is to be edited by an illustration or CAD program 41 Reporting Your Data Binary DXF files only Binary DXF files are smaller by 25 to 50 percent and are read by AutoCAD faster however reports will appear the same when viewed in a CAD program no matter if this option is selected or not Note that few illustration programs will read binary DXF report files TrueType DXF files only If this option is unselected DXF report files use a monospaced font similar to this for everything on the form meaning that DXF reports are less attractive than their printed counterparts The TrueType option allows you to generate DXF files that look e
25. ain data fit within your selected minimum scale the program will use your selected strain scale range leave the strain scale selection up to the program enter 0 2 into the field Label failure stress as Label ultimate stress as The terms used on reports to label the deviator stress at failure and ultimate deviator stress may be changed gt The labels typically used are Failure Stress and Ultimate Stress respectively Mark failure point on P Q charts with a circle Since P Q charts show the stress path through to the end of the test the failure point may be indistinct checking the Mark failure point box causes the program to place a circle at the specimen failure point on P Q charts Introduction Installation and Setup Mark ultimate point on P Q charts with a cross Since P Q charts show the stress path through to the end of the test the ultimate point may be indistinct checking the Mark ultimate point box causes the program to place a cross at the specimen ultimate point on P Q charts Note that the ultimate stress point must be manually selected for each specimen refer to 2 2 4 for details Report pore pressures as excess The pore pressures reported with consolidated undrained tests can either be absolute or excess Selecting Report pore pressures as excess causes the program to subtract the initial pore pressure from all subsequent readings so the values reported are the excess pressure from the initial
26. ample number location to the file name Without this option the names of the DXF PDF or EMF files created for exporting a report will be whatever you have selected as the Base file name plus something like page 1 at the end For example if the Base file name is P92321 if the Add sample number location to the file name option was not checked the first PDF report file created would be named P92321 page 1 PDF the second report would be named P92321 page 2 PDF client looking at a list of submitted PDF files would have no way of telling which file corresponds to which tested sample Checking the Add sample number location to the file name box alters how the program names the report files the sample number and or sampling location is added to the Base file name Using our previous example with the box checked the program would create for example PDF files named P92321 Sample S 4 Boring B 3 PDF P92321 Sample S 1 Test Pit TP 2 PDF etc With Base file name and Add sample number location to the file name you can come up with some useful file naming variations For example you could leave Add sample number location to the file name unchecked and enter the sample number location as part of the Base file name of course this means that when you export the next report you d have to change the Base file name to reflect the new sample number As another example if you have created a hard disk subdirectory just to hold
27. apter 4 of the GDM manual and Appendix C of the LD4 User s Guide may be used to summarize the results of multiple SHEAR tests The configuration file called TXSMRY1 LFG can be used by selection Tools gt Data Summary and Export from the GDM or LD4 menu then selecting File Recall Existing Configuration and double clicking on TXSMRY1 LFG 42 SHEAR User s Guide gt If you ve purchased LD4 you can use TXSMRY1 LFG to view an on screen list of the triaxial tests performed for a project From the LD4 screen select Project gt Browse and choose TXSMRY1 See 5 17 for a list of calculated shear testing values that may be summarized exported 43 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION The calculations used in the program are presented in the following sections For purposes of simplification the units are omitted 5 1 5 1 1 where 5 1 2 Initial Specimen Parameters The initial specimen parameters are the following MC moisture content percent wet density dry density Si saturation percent e void ratio These initial parameters are calculated using the formulas presented in the following sections Initial Moisture Content Ww Wat Wa 2 W MC initial moisture content decimal Wut wet weight and tare Wat dry weight and tare Wi tare weight Calculating Initial Moisture Content without Initial Moisture Content Data If
28. area conser ion pesinester pi india 7 SCHO CLERC amidin pst 0 001928 0 4 T El TE EET 254 ERE ee a Se 5588 B Coreection pel 137 ED E rken iz 7 hen ha comechon multipla by and by the dariusi rran Corsection nor in a difference of han 5 penceni minor call pr amp sssuns pora prema 8a F r 77 pre pressure 1 44 a ming cleans devinipr giras Vnd 00 0030 dei 0 brain ie 65 0 005 nee 4 538 701 2000000 4 538 sirep a FOr 0 reernbracs correction 2 Since x PE ber pape corsection Correction ET decine filer paper comertion D efectos creas 77 144 1009 aor prees 1000 DODODO DUO 1200 Figure 5 16 1 Sample SHEAR Test Set with Annotations 70 SHEAR User s Guide 5 17 Values Available for Data Summaries For each entered test SHEAR calculates several different values that may be used on data summaries created by the GDM Data Summary and Export tool see Chapter 4 in the Data Manager manual or Appendix C in the LD4 User s Guide The following table lists the names and a short description of all the calculated values provided by SHEAR Peak stress encountered by each of the four SHEAR test
29. ata entry window covers basic information about the SHEAR test and the sample tested This window can also be reached by clicking on the Sample Info tab at the bottom of your screen 13 Except for Test method and Specimen values calculation method any data entry field in this window may be left blank gt Entering symbols to enter a symbol which is not a part of your keyboard such as the degree symbol press function key F9 The following data are requested Type of sample Use this field to indicate whether the tested sample was Undisturbed or Disturbed Test method SHEAR supports a number of test variants e Unconfined Compression Direct Shear e Unconsolidated Undrained Consolidated Undrained e Consolidated Undrained with Pore Pressures e Consolidated Drained SHEAR may be licensed with support for unconfined compression direct shear and or triaxial shear test methods if a particular test method is not licensed then that method will not be available for selection in the Test method list For example if SHEAR is licensed without support for triaxial tests then the Unconsolidated Undrained Consolidated Undrained and Consolidated Drained testing methods will not be available Specimen values calculation method The specimen calculations moisture content density saturation etc for triaxial tests can be performed using several different methods including ASTM D 2850 is the standard ASTM procedure fo
30. e Content essere tantas Consolidated Dry Density snot pa Consolidated Saturation teas ASTM D 4767 METHOD WITH SATURATION ESTIMATE t Ld eu LLL Deis Saturated Saturation Consolidated M oisture Contant ass Consolidated Density Consolidated Saturation ue hide eost C ns lidat AY ed uice chem bt eee tides CORPS OF ENGINEERS UNIFORM STRAIN WITH WATER VOLUME PEPPER EP Saturated Dry con coit asd ted alode ina AEN sa Paes Lodo depre Due aa Pure pee Consolidated orsture Content ie Le Consolidated Density au tese Red eed die er Rode Consolidated Satur atio eds dae Consolidat etl AT ate a b dde SATURITEBA OS BIDS CONSOLIDATED VOID RATIO nda Cu VIG OR OIN OC ERES FINAL MOISTURE STRESS AND STRAIN CALCULATIONS T X AND 5 11 1 Strain Calculations T X and 63 5 112 D eviator Stress Calculations Triaxial and U nconfi ned Compressi on 64 5113 Unconfined Compressio
31. e of readings SHEAR supports both load ring equipped compression frames as well as digital dial gauge equipped frames Before you begin entering load readings you ll need to let SHEAR know how to convert your readings into loads by selecting from the Type of readings box Load ring constant Select this option for load ring equipped compression frames Note that SHEAR supports both single and double staged ring style proving rings Load ring constant frames require the following data Load ring 1 constant Load ring equipped loading frames require a Load Ring Constant LRC to convert readings into loads these conversion factors are specified in terms of pounds per load dial division or per load dial division LRCs be visualized as being the slope of the load vs dial reading line on a ring calibration chart When converting a load dial reading to a load SHEAR subtracts the initial load dial then multiplies the result by the LRC Crossover Staged load rings utilize a secondary LRC which is employed after the second ring makes contact and begins compressing The Crossover field should be filled in with the load dial reading at which the secondary load ring makes contact Ifa single load ring is used leave the Crossover field blank or enter 0 Load ring 2 constant This field is the LRC of the secondary proving ring If a single load ring is used leave this field blank or enter 0 23 Sample LRC calcula
32. equent load dial reading of 0 1000 was taken The load would be 0 1 0 0025 15000 50 1512 5 pounds 24 Data Entry 2 2 4 SHEAR User s Guide Optionally to allow load dial readings to be entered as integers assuming that the dial is accurate to 0001 A could be entered as 1 5 and B as 0 0050 This makes the initial dial reading for the example 25 and the second reading 1000 Generically if your term is given as X 165 per inch and your dial is readable to 0001 entering your A and terms as X 0001 allows you to enter your dial readings as whole numbers Actual loads This option should be selected when working with data taken from a digital dial gauge because the gauge reads directly in loads and does not require a conversion factor Readings units Selects the force units represented by the load dial readings Currently pounds and KN kilo Newtons are supported Cell pressure Back pressure These two fields are only present when entering triaxial testing data Cell pressure is the total fluid pressure around the sample Back pressure is the pore pressure applied to the sample before the start of the test typically used to compress air voids and to increase saturation To change the units used for entering the cell and back pressures see the Fluid pressure field on the program s configuration dialog Options SHEAR Setup then click on the Units tab Normal stress This field is only p
33. equire the change in height during saturation Change in height should be entered as a positive measurement if the height of the sample decreased if the sample swelled the change in height measurement should be a negative number Net decrease in water volume In triaxial tests the change in the volume of pore water may be measured during saturation and for consolidated tests during consolidation The change is entered as a positive number in cubic centimeters if the outflow from the sample was greater than the inflow or as a negative number if the specimen took on water 21 Data Entry The table below lists which specimen values calculation methods require a water volume change measurement during the test saturation and consolidation phases Saturated Consolidated Calculation method Water Volume Water Volume Change Change COE uniform strain amp water i ee pe ASTM D 4767 Method B with saturation NE Saturation ASTM D 4767 Method B w saturation est specimen values calculation method requires an estimation of the consolidated sample s saturation This value should be entered as a percentage e g 95 should be entered as 95 not 0 95 Staged tests require an estimate of the final saturation instead of the consolidated sample s saturation 22 SHEAR User s Guide 2 2 3 Test Parameters Below the Specimen Measurements panel is the Test Parameters panel Figure 2 2 3 Test Parameters Typ
34. er paper percent coverage Enter the percent of perimeter covered by filter paper This value should be entered as a percentage e g fifty percent coverage should be entered as 50 instead of 0 5 Consolidated Drained Tests Only Test uses outflow buret Select this option when outflow buret readings have been taken Buret precision Select the precision used when reading the outflow buret normally divisions as small as 0 1 cc may be read but large scale testing may involve the use of burets with 1 cc as the minimum readable division Reverse buret convention Selecting this option indicates use of a buret graduated in increasing values as the fluid level is increased 17 2 1 2 test data Additional Sample Information Required for Direct Shear Tests Several additional fields are included on the Sample Info window when entering direct shear Enter vertical deformation If vertical deformation readings are taken then they may be entered and shown graphically on the program s chart report if this box is checked Use square or rectangular shear box Select this option if a square or rectangular shear box was used for the test Leave the option unselected if a circular sample was tested Fabric on fabric no soil test Select this option if a geotextile was tested without soil SHEAR only supports fabric on fabric tests when performed in a square or rectangular shear box Report deformation as Deformations can be reported a
35. ere consolidated area consolidated volume consolidated sample height Consolidated volume Ving where volume of mineral solids ms Vut final volume of voids Consolidated height H H AH AH where Hj initial height AH change in height during saturation change in height during consolidation 5 7 Corps of Engineers Uniform Strain with Water Volume Measurements This method is a variant of the Corps of Engineers uniform strain method The uniform strain method is the first method presented in 7 c 2 of the Corps of Engineers lab manual EM 110 2 1906 Appendix X This variant does not assume 100 saturation but rather calculates saturations based on water volume changes Specimen volume changes are based on the uniform strain equations like the COE Uniform Strain method However if the resulting saturation is greater than 100 the calculations revert to the COE Saturation Assumed method 100 saturation assumed 5 7 1 Saturated Moisture Content MC Mc s where MC saturated moisture content decimal MC initial moisture content decimal change in volume of water during saturation Wms weight of mineral solids UW unit weight of water 1 gm cc Weight of mineral solids 59 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION W 1 Wins 1 MC where Wi initial sample weight 5 7 2 Saturated Dry Density Wins Yas
36. es Fluid pressure Pore pressure units may be different from the Fluid pressure units selected in the Data entry box in order to report pore pressures in different units than the ones with which they were taken Dimension Determines the length units in which dial readings specimen diameters and heights etc are reported May be different from the Dimension setting in the Data entry box in order to report length measurements in different units than the ones with which they were taken 1 2 3 Reporting Uss Dieci Sho Fais cir repaid ig Stee ee Headley ans M ia piace 4 numbers ikinni doriad pam ioma panan include permen numer an harr thar aged iene Shar accorde rest 0 on card E F 8 d dees ended FF Diop Checked lei Mene das Figure 1 2 3 Setup Dialog Reporting Tab Introduction Installation and Setup Rate of strain reported as Three choices for this selection Strain rate in min Time to failure min and Strain rate min merely determine how the user entered rate of strain measurement is labeled on reports The fourth choice Strain at
37. et Explorer is shown below Te ee CENTES ETE isansa lam pii gt Goa hamin m basin m Bel dien d nimm ii hrii im Bed mini velim cr si Samen s vj icai son warier s lasd rar ecrini LIC Eu Cat Xn Del ee A z Figure 4 1 1 SHEAR XML File Viewed in Internet Explorer 34 SHEAR User s Guide 4 2 Data Summary Reports Data summary reports list the raw data taken from a SHEAR test e g specimen weights and dimensions test readings etc the reports may be sent to a printer or saved on disk Data summary reports are generated by selecting SHEAR gt Output Data Summary Report CO TEN E mis Pii Paki ES Figure 4 2 1 First Page of a Sample Summary Report To preview the testing data summary right click on the SHEAR link at the bottom of your sample s data entry card from the Data Manager or LD4 screens see Section 2 7 in the GDM manual or Chapter 6 in the LD4 manual and select Summary Preview 4 3 Chart Reports Chart reports show SHEAR s interpretation of your testing data depending upon the test method you used a SHEAR chart report can include graphs of s
38. f the filter paper Kg load carried by the filter paper strip per unit length of perimeter Pip length of perimeter covered by filter paper consolidated area of specimen mx Dj x P 100 T mathematical pi 3 14159 D initial specimen diameter Chp percent of the perimeter covered by filter paper Om at reading n _4XEmXtmXEn 65 SHEAR User s Guide TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where theoretical strength contribution of the rubber membrane Em modulus of elasticity of the rubber membrane tim thickness of the rubber membrane En strain at reading n decimal consolidated diameter of specimen If oq Ao is less than 5 the effect of the membrane is ignored 5 11 3 Unconfined Compression Undrained Shear Strength The undrained shear strength of a soil as determined in an unconfined compression test is defined as where 5 undrained shear strength qu unconfined compressive strength 5 11 4 Triaxial Principal Stresses and Stress Paths For triaxial tests the major and minor principal stresses 0 and are determined as follows U where cell pressure U pore pressure 0 7 03 Ao where Ao deviator stress For strengths based on total stresses U is 0 5 12 Direct Shear Stress and Deformation Calculations The stress and deformation values for direct shear tests are calculated using the formulas in the follow
39. ftware should display the contents of the DEMO project On the left side of the screen is a yellow box listing the material sources from which DEMO s testing samples were taken double click on B 4 On the right side of the screen you should see a list of samples taken from B 4 find the data entry card for sample S 4 and click on the SHEAR link for that card You should see the SHEAR data entry screen Select Help gt Tutorial the program will display a series of yellow tutorial cards at the bottom of the data entry window 12 SHEAR User s Guide 2 Data Entry Begin data entry for a SHEAR test by filling in a data entry card on the LD4 or Data Manager screen 1 Create or open a project file see Sections 2 1 and 2 2 in the GDM manual if you ve licensed LD4 Sections 2 3 and 2 4 in the LD4 User s Guide 2 Create or open a material source folder see Sections 2 5 and 2 9 in the GDM manual or Sections 2 7 1 and 2 7 2 in the LD4 User s Guide 3 Locate a data entry card for the sample and fill in the sample s identifying information see Section 2 6 in the GDM manual or Section 2 9 in the LD4 User s Guide Click on the SHEAR link at the bottom of the sample s data entry card see Section 2 7 in the GDM manual or Section 6 1 in the User s Guide You should see a display similar to the one shown below nare cide after 2 1 Sample Info SHEAR s initial d
40. ght of mineral solids Weight of pore water Wws Wyi AV ys x UW where AV W ws change in volume of water during saturation Wi initial weight of water Initial weight of water W Wa i 1 where W initial sample weight Weight of mineral solids Wins Wi Wy 5 3 2 Saturated Dry Density ms Yas V 49 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where yg saturated dry density saturated volume 5 Saturated volume Ving Vwi where saturated volume Ving volume of mineral solids Vwi initial volume of water change water volume during saturation Volume of mineral solids Was Vins where UW unit weight of mineral solids Initial volume of water where UW unit weight of water 5 3 3 Saturated Saturation By definition the saturated saturation in a Corps of Engineers saturation assumed method test is 100 5 3 4 Consolidated Moisture Content WC lt ms where MC consolidated moisture content decimal W weight of pore water consolidated WC Weight of pore water Wwe Wws x 50 SHEAR User s Guide where AV W we change in volume of water during consolidation Wi initial weight of water 5 3 5 Consolidated Dry Density ms V where Yq consolidated dry density V consolidated volume C Consolidated volume V
41. ick the left mouse button in the column titled Ultimate you should see an X appear You can remove your peak or ultimate stress selection by clicking on the X in the Peak or Ultimate columns clicking in the X should make it disappear Removing your peak stress selection causes the program to automatically determine the specimen s peak stress while removing the ultimate stress selection prevents any ultimate stress data from appearing on the chart reports 2 3 Copying and Pasting SHEAR Data If you have two SHEAR tests with similar testing data you may want to copy the first test entered piecemeal To do this 1 Open the test and select Edit gt Copy Test 2 Start the next test from the Data Manager screen enter the test s sample data then click on the SHEAR link then select Edit Paste Test 28 SHEAR User s Guide 2 4 Deleting a SHEAR Test To remove all of the data that you ve entered for a test refer to Section 2 8 in the GDM manual Section 6 2 in the LD4 User s Guide 2 5 Importing Data Files Created with the DOS SHEAR Program SHEAR can import individual data files entered with GEOSYSTEM s original DOS version of the program To do this 1 From the Data Manager screen find a blank sample card and enter the sample number depth etc of the sample that you want to import Click on the underlined SHEAR shown at the bottom of the data entry card Select SHEAR gt Import
42. ield Page 2 figure no if applicable This field only applies to triaxial tests the Corps of Engineers and alternate triaxial test report forms are two page forms see this page for a sample of the second page if desired the second page s figure number may be entered into the Page 2 figure no field Skip initial moisture data As an alternative to taking moisture content data both before and after the test the entire test specimen can be used post test to determine the post test moisture content the dry weight from the post test moisture content test and the initial moist weight are used to calculate all specimen values initial moisture content density etc without requiring an initial moisture content determination Specific gravity is assumed Check this box if a test was not performed to determine the specific gravity of the sample SHEAR s chart reports will label the specific gravity value that you enter as Assumed Additional Sample Information Required for Triaxial Tests Several additional fields are included on the Sample Info window when entering triaxial test Single specimen staged test SHEAR supports a triaxial and direct shear test variant where a single soil specimen is used to develop failure data for several different minor effective principal stresses in other words a single specimen is subjected to up to 4 different stresses stages 2 and beyond are assumed to start at exactly the same sample state 1
43. ing sections 5 12 1 Deformation Calculations 5 DD DD x DDC 66 SHEAR User s Guide where horizontal deformation DD deformation dial reading user units initial reading user units DDC dial constant units per input unit 5 12 2 Direct Shear Stress Calculations where shear stress T shear force A area When using proving rings the shear force T is T LDR LDR x for single stage rings and 2 stage rings up to the crossover reading T LDCR LDR x LRC LDR LDCR x for double stage rings past the crossover T LDR B for Ax type rings where LRC primary load ring constant LRC secondary load ring constant LRCR load ring crossover reading A reading coefficient with Ax B rings B ordinal intercept with Ax B rings For normal calculations using constant area An A When using the area adjustment formulas with square cross sectional areas A A Sx8 Where A area of a square specimen at reading n adjusted for strain Ai initial sample area 5 side length horizontal deformation When using the area adjustment formulas with circular cross sectional areas 2 apse x CO sin O 40 T 67 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where A area of a round specimen adjusted for strain initial diameter 0 2x apos D 1 5 13 Triaxial Mohr s Circles and Tangent Envelope Calculatio
44. ion of alphabetic and numeric characters e g ACD or 123 IDs that differ only by case e g 3A and 3a are considered identical add a new container to the list Click on the first blank row in the list and enter the container ID and container weight To remove a container from the list Click in either the Container ID or Weight columns of the row you want to delete then click on the Delete button Note that this list is optional if you run a moisture content test with a container which is not on your container list you can skip entering a container ID and instead enter the container s weight If you want to use the container list make sure to select Tare ID in the Data entry requires Setup field see 1 2 1 11 Introduction Installation and Setup 1 4 Walkthrough Before continuing consider taking the program s 30 minute tutorial 1 Start the GEOSYSTEM for Windows package If you have GEOSYSTEM shortcut on your desktop double click on it you can also click on your Start button and select Programs GEOSYSTEM GEOSYSTEM for Windows On the left side of the program s screen is a directory box navigate to the directory where the GEOSYSTEM software is installed If you ve installed the software onto your own hard disk this will probably be either C GEOSYS or C NPROGRAM FILES GEOSYS In the program directory you ll find a file called DEMO double click on it The so
45. l Direct shear tests only Is the vertical deformation dial reading adjusted for the chosen vertical deformation dial divisor To enter vertical deformation data the Enter vertical deformation test settings box must be checked The measurement units used inches cms or mms must match the Dimensions units chosen for data entry on the Units tab of the program s Setup dialog 1 2 2 27 Data Entry Peak and Ultimate An X in the Peak column indicates the readings row that holds the specimen s peak stress while an X in the Ultimate column indicates the readings row that holds the specimen s ultimate stress SHEAR s chart reports show the maximum deviator stress 1 peak or failure stress encountered by each specimen SHEAR automatically determines this value however you can override the program s selection 1 On the grid holding the test readings values locate the row containing your maximum deviator stress value 2 On the maximum deviator stress row click the left mouse button in the column titled Peak you should see X appear Chart reports also show the ultimate stress reached by each specimen Unlike the peak stress this value is not automatically determined the ultimate stress point must be manually selected for each specimen To specify the ultimate stress point 1 On the grid holding the test readings values locate the row containing your ultimate stress value 2 On the ultimate stress row cl
46. l divisor is irrelevant 1950 entered with a dial divisor of 10000 is the same deformation as 0 195 entered with a dial divisor of 1 Selecting a different dial divisor has no effect on deformations that you ve already entered SHEAR supplies a second dial divisor for direct shear tests the Vertical def dial divisor converts values entered into the Vertical Def Dial column Test readings data 26 SHEAR User s Guide Def Dial or Horiz Def Dial Is the deformation undergone by the sample adjusted for the chosen deformation dial divisor The measurement units used inches cms or mms must match the Dimensions units chosen for data entry on the Units tab of the program s Setup dialog 1 2 2 Load Dial Is the load dial reading Be sure to make the correct Type of readings selection 2 2 3 before entering load dial readings Pore Press Is the pore pressure measurement The measurement units used psi tsf etc must match the Fluid pressure units chosen for data entry on the Units tab of the program s Setup dialog 1 2 2 Pore pressures are entered only if Consolidated Undrained with Pore Pressures is the selected test method 2 1 Buret Read Is the reading in CCs on the outflow buret used for drained triaxial tests Outflow buret readings are entered only if Consolidated Drained is the selected test method 2 1 and Test uses outflow buret box is checked 2 1 2 Vertical Def Dia
47. lients To do this begin by selecting either SHEAR Output Data Summary Report or SHEAR gt Output Chart Report You should see the dialog shown in the previous section Output to allows you to choose between sending your report to the printer and sending your report to a disk file in one of several formats Adobe Acrobat PDF PDF is a near universal format for Internet document distribution Viewing requires the Adobe Reader program that may be downloaded at no charge from Adobe s web site AutoCAD DXF DXF is designed for interchange among CAD programs Windows Metafile EMF EMF files may be inserted as a picture into a word processing document or manipulated with a vector drawing program such as Adobe Illustrator 39 Reporting Your Data SSS SSS Drop down the Output to box and select either Adobe Acrobat PDF File Windows Metafile or AutoCAD DXF File If you select one of the first two options you ll see the following dialog Figure 4 4 1 PDF Export Dialog DXF files are somewhat more complicated and have more options available Figure 4 4 2 DXF Export Dialog There are a number of different options available for selecting where and how the reports are exported Base file name When the program creates DXF PDF or EMF file of your report the file s name will start with whatever is entered into this field 40 SHEAR User s Guide Add s
48. margins for 8 setup 3 10 SI Seeunits Side 2 length 21 Single speci men staged test 16 18 Skip initial moisture data 16 19 44 specific gravity 16 20 46 53 54 55 57 specimen number 6 Specimen values calculation method 14 15 Specimen weight 4 20 square 18 21 67 Square M agnifier 39 staged tests 7 16 18 63 69 strain 1 6 7 8 9 14 18 19 22 25 30 34 35 46 47 48 59 62 63 64 66 67 68 71 Strain rate 6 25 stress 1 3 6 7 8 9 10 19 25 28 30 31 32 33 34 35 64 66 67 68 69 71 summary report 8 T tangent angle 6 tangent line adjusting 30 31 33 Tangent on Chart 31 tare weight 11 20 44 45 Seealso Container ID Test method 14 Through 0 0 31 32 33 Time to failure 6 25 triaxial1 10 14 15 16 18 20 21 25 27 30 31 37 39 46 49 52 54 62 63 64 66 69 72 TrueType 42 Type of readings 23 27 Type of sample 14 U ultimate 9 10 28 33 71 SHEAR User s Guide unconfined compression 1 14 15 30 63 66 unconsolidated undrained 1 14 undrained 1 10 14 15 64 66 uniform strain 14 22 46 47 48 59 62 unit weight See density units 1 4 5 6 8 20 21 25 27 41 44 63 67 Use square or rectangular shear box 18 21 V Vertical D ef Dial 26 Vertical def dial divisor 26 vertical deformation See deformation vertical void ratio 1 44 46 62 volume 14 16 18 21 22 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 64 65
49. n equired for T riaxial T ests 16 2 1 2 Additional Samplelnformation equired for Direct Shear T ests 18 2 2 SHEAR TESTING DATA rre nnn 19 2 2 1 MoistureContent Data onim coser eee leere reus 19 2 2 2 M used ridicu 20 2 2 3 TesEP aralmeteres steel tede pea inns 23 2224 CA NGS be Ea bor uve Maul coisa et 25 2 3 COPYING AND PASTING SHEAR 7 0 0 2 2 00 28 2 4 DELETING A SH EAR EST rti er he ee e e E 29 2 5 IMPORTING DATA FILES CREATED WITH THE DOS SHEAR PROGRAM 29 CURVE DISPLAY aA anaana aadaki 30 3 1 M OHR S CIRCLES CHART DISPLAY 30 3 2 P O CHART DISPLAY ete a edere rede 31 3 3 DIRECT SHEAR CHART DISPLAY 32 4 REPORTING YOUR 34 4 1 XM E retuned 34 4 2 DATA SUMMARY 5 3 35 4 3 CHART REPORTS ette evt eei ee sem 35 4 3 1 015 2 tenore rented des eda note 39 4 4 EXPORTING REPORTS TO FILES 39 4 5
50. n Undrained Shear Strength 66 5 114 Triaxial Principal Stresses and Stress 66 5 12 DIRECT SHEAR STRESSAND DEFORMATION CALCULATIONS 66 5 12 1 JDeftormatomcalculstionS 66 5 122 Direct Shear Stress Calculations 67 5 13 TRIAXIAL MOHR SCIRCLESAND TANGENT ENVELOPE CALCULATIONS 68 5 14 DIRECT SHEAR TANGENT LINE 5 69 5 15 CALCULATION DIFFERENCESFOR STAGED 5 69 5 16 ONLINE TESTING 70 5 17 VALUESAVAILABLE FOR DATA 5 Hee 71 1 Introduction Installation and Setup The GEOSYSTEM Axial amp Direct Shear module SHEAR is designed to reduce laboratory data from triaxial direct shear and unconfined compression tests Following is a list of supported features y U uuy y Triaxial pore pressures Drained test outflow buret readings Direct shear vertical deformation measurements Both English and SI metric units with automatic unit conversion Utilizes the GEOSYSTEM Data Manager program GDM for file handling project information such as the project name and number is entered only once per project GDM can be used to create printed lists of all of the SHEAR tests performed for a given project Support
51. ncludes a data entry field titled Tested by This field along with the Drop Tested by from reports if a name is not entered checkbox on the program s setup dialog affects the appearance of chart reports e Ifthe Tested by data entry field is left blank and Drop Tested by from reports if a name is not entered is not checked Tested by will appear below chart report s bottom margin along with an area for a signature If the Tested by data entry field is left blank and Drop Tested by from reports if a name is not entered is checked Tested by will NOT appear below chart report s bottom margin Ifthe Tested by data entry field is filled in Tested by will appear below chart report s bottom margin followed by the name entered into the Tested by field Drop Checked by from reports if a name is not entered Is similar to Drop tested by discussed above Leaving this box unchecked and leaving the Checked data entry field blank provides an area below chart reports bottom border for the report s reviewer to sign the page Introduction Installation and Setup 1 2 4 Margins SHEAR features two printed reports one that summarizes your raw testing data in a tabular format the summary report shown in Figure 4 2 1 and a second that reports the program s calculated results and includes charts of stress vs strain Mohr s circles etc the chart report shown in Figure 4 3
52. ns Mohr s circle based on stresses at failure is plotted on a graph of shear stress versus normal stress The circle starts at for the left side of the circle and ends at for the right side of the circle In terms of the parameters p and q associated with stress paths the center of the circle is at p and the radius is length q where 91 03 2 and _ 0703 2 The program s placement of the tangent envelope is based linear regression fit of the p and q values resulting in an equation of the form p a axq A tangent line is then drawn on the Mohr s circle plots using the equation x tan o Where shear stress normal stress friction angle cohesion shear stress intercept a arcsin tan 0 a 68 SHEAR User s Guide 5 14 Direct Shear Tangent Line Calculations The direct shear tangent line is determined using a linear least squares correlation routine The failure shear stress points for each of the test s normal loads are fit with a line of the form x tan o t shear stress normal stress friction angle cohesion shear stress intercept where 5 15 Calculation Differences for Staged Tests A staged test one where a single specimen is used for multiple shear runs at different normal or confining stresses has its constitutive parameters handled differently Since only one specimen is tested there i
53. nt M margins 8 M ark failure point on P Q charts with a circle 9 M ark ultimate point on P Q charts with a cross 10 Material description 15 membrane correction 17 modulus 17 thickness 17 metafile 1 39 42 metric Seeunits Minimum strain scale 9 Mohr s circle 8 30 35 Moist weight 20 moisture content 11 final 52 53 55 58 63 initial 16 19 44 52 55 57 59 N Navigation tab placement 4 Net decrease in height 21 decrease in water volume 21 network 2 Normal stress 25 options See setup TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION outflow buret 1 17 27 Output Chart 35 39 Output Data Summary R eport 35 39 P Page 2 figure no 16 paste 42 peak 3 6 9 10 16 18 25 28 30 31 32 33 68 69 71 Phi See tangent angle Place files in 41 plastic limit 15 Plasticity index 15 Points on Chart 32 33 pore pressure 1 4 5 6 10 25 27 30 31 32 66 p q 6 30 31 32 35 preview 35 39 PROCTOR 11 Prompt text color 3 R rate of strain 6 Readings units 25 Report deformation as 18 Report is scaled in 41 Report Phi to 6 Report pore pressures as excess 10 Report Preview 31 32 33 39 residual See ultimate Reverse buret convention 17 S Sample Info 3 7 13 16 18 19 20 21 sample number Seespecimen number saturated 1 16 18 20 46 47 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 57 58 59 60 61 62 saturation 1 10 14 15 21 22 25 44 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 69 Select
54. nt decimal weight of pore water consolidated Weight of pore water Vms x where consolidated volume C Consolidated volume H 2x DH H 1 V H DH DH X A where consolidated volume C AH change in height during consolidation 5 2 5 Consolidated Dry Density W ms V where yq consolidated dry density 5 2 6 Consolidated Saturation By definition the consolidated saturation in a Corps of Engineers uniform strain method test is 100 5 2 7 Consolidated Area H 2x AH AH A A H where initial area H initial height AH change in height during saturation AH change in height during consolidation 48 SHEAR User s Guide 5 3 Corps of Engineers Saturation Assumed Calculations Saturated and consolidated specimen parameters in triaxial tests may change during the saturation or consolidation phase due to changes in height or in volume of pore fluids This section explains methods of calculating the saturated and consolidated parameters using the Corps of Engineers saturation assumed methods The saturation assumed method is the second method presented in 7 c 2 of the Corps of Engineers lab manual EM 110 2 1906 Appendix X 5 3 1 Saturated Moisture Content W ms where MC saturated moisture content decimal Wis weight of pore water saturated Wins wei
55. peak 5 causes the program to report the strain calculated at peak stress instead of rate of strain Load reading and load precision The program automatically selects the precision to be used for reporting load dial readings and calculated load values In cases where the dial readings and loads are larger than normal such as when testing 6 inch diameter and larger specimens it may be necessary to reduce the precision to avoid having the dial readings and loads overrun their boundaries on the hardcopy printouts If printed reports show that load dial readings or loads are overprinting adjacent data change the Load reading and load precision selection to nearest whole number for lighter loads selectnearest 0 1 Report Phi to Selects the precision used for reporting p q Mohr s circles and direct shear tangent angles Label specimen numbers Changes how specimen numbers are labeled on reports this may be e g Sample No or Specimen No or Lab No Include specimen number on stress strain charts Checking this option causes the program to label individual curves on stress strain charts with the number of the specimen used to produce the curve Specimens are numbered 1 4 in the order in which they are entered Because stress strain charts include curves from all the specimen entered into the current file it can be difficult to determine which specimen produced a given curve if the Include specimen number option is not selected
56. r unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests COE uniform strain is the first method described in Section 7c2 of EM 1110 2 1906 Appendix X COE saturation assumed is the second method described in Section 7c2 of EM 1110 2 1906 Appendix X COE uniform strain amp water volume is a variant method which combines the COE uniform strain and COE saturation assumed methods 14 Data Entry SHEAR User s Guide ASTM D 4767 Method A and ASTM D 4767 Method B D 4767 is the standard ASTM procedure for consolidated undrained triaxial tests SHEAR supports both methods A and B of the after consolidation cross sectional area calculation ASTM D 4767 Method B w saturation est is a non standard variant of the ASTM D 4767 Method B procedure that allows the user employ an estimate of the consolidated specimen saturation rather than assuming 100 saturation This calculation method is only available for consolidated undrained tests The Specimen values calculation method selection is not changeable for direct shear and unconfined compression tests because SHEAR only supports a single calculation method for these tests Material description By default SHEAR uses the material description that you entered into the Material Description field on the Data Manager screen that s the screen where you click on the SHEAR link However if you re entering drilling log data the material description at the depth where you took the SHEAR sample may
57. resent when entering direct shear data and should be filled in with the total normal stress applied to the specimen before and during shear testing Strain rate Time to failure SHEAR does not use these fields for any calculations it s included documentation purposes only These fields are shown if you select either Strain rate in min Strain rate min or Time to failure min from the Rate of strain reported as box on the program s configuration dialog 8 1 2 3 Test Readings The last panel on the test data entry screen is the Test Readings panel 25 Data Entry Figure 2 2 4 Test Readings Deformation dial divisor Vertical def dial divisor This selection allows entry of deformation dial readings as whole numbers such as 1950 instead of decimal values like 0 1950 During data entry SHEAR accepts your deformation values and divides them by the deformation dial divisor before entering them into the Def Dial column on the test readings grid To avoid entering the 0 for each deformation value that you enter select the dial divisor representing the value that will produce a whole number when multiplied by the smallest deformation readable on your dial For example if your smallest readable deformation is 0001 select 10000 as your deformation dial divisor If you prefer to enter actual deformations select 1 as your deformation dial divisor Once your deformation dial reading is entered into the program the dia
58. riaxial tests may change during the saturation or consolidation phase This is due to changes in height or in volume of pore fluids This section explains methods of calculating the saturated and consolidated parameters using the Corps of Engineers uniform strain methods The uniform strain method is the first method presented in 7 c 2 of the Corps of Engineers lab manual EM 110 2 1906 Appendix X 5 2 1 where Saturated Moisture Content W us W ms MC saturated moisture content decimal Wws weight of pore water saturated Wins weight of mineral solids Weight of pore water Wus Vg 46 SHEAR User s Guide where saturated volume Ving volume of mineral solids UW unit weight of water Saturated volume 2xDH H AH x A X s s where saturated volume AH change in height during saturation A initial area Weight of mineral solids W Wis 1 MC Volume of mineral solids Wis Ving x where unit weight of mineral solids 5 2 2 Saturated Dry Density W ms lt ms where yg saturated dry density 5 2 3 Saturated Saturation By definition the saturated saturation in a Corps of Engineers uniform strain method test is 100 5 2 4 Consolidated Moisture Content MC ms 47 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where MC consolidated moisture conte
59. ring consolidation gt Will always be used if was used min 5 7 6 Consolidated Saturation The consolidated saturation will either be 100 if the minimum volume criteria was used or calculated as documented in 5 4 6 61 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 7 7 Consolidated Area where consolidated volume from either the uniform strain calculation or the 100 saturation calculation consolidated sample height Consolidated height H H AH AH where H consolidated height H initial height AH change in height during saturation AH change in height during consolidation 5 8 Saturated Void Ratio The saturated void ratio calculation is identical for all triaxial methods xG e Yas where e saturated void ratio saturated dry density 5 9 Consolidated Void Ratio The consolidated void ratio calculation is identical for all triaxial methods UW XG where consolidated void ratio consolidated dry density 62 SHEAR User s Guide 5 10 Final Moisture Content The final moisture content is calculated using the same method as the initial Refer to 5 1 1 for details 5 11 Stress and Strain Calculations TX and UCC Stress and strain calculations for triaxial and unconfined compression tests are very similar Triaxial tests differ in that they may include correc
60. ring saturation AV 3x Vix AH where AH change in height during saturation H initial height Consolidated height H H AH AH where H consolidated height H initial height AH change in height during saturation AH change in height during consolidation 5 5 ASTM D 4767 Method B Calculations Saturated and consolidated specimen parameters in triaxial tests may change during the saturation or consolidation phase due to changes in height or in volume of pore fluids This section explains methods of calculating the saturated and consolidated parameters using the ASTM Method B methods 5 5 1 Saturated Moisture Content The ASTM Method B saturated moisture content calculation is identical to the Method A calculation documented in 5 4 1 54 SHEAR User s Guide 5 5 2 Saturated Dry Density Wins Yas EU where saturated dry density saturated volume Saturated volume Vatt Vms where final volume water wf Ving volume of mineral solids change in water volume during consolidation Volume of mineral solids W 1 1 MC xG where W initial sample weight MC initial moisture content G specific gravity of mineral solids Final volume of water Wins X MC ms f UW where Wmns weight of mineral solids MC final moisture content UW unit weight of water 1 gm cc 5 5 3 Saturated Saturation By
61. s AV uc where V consolidated volume saturated volume change in water volume during consolidation 5 3 6 Consolidated Saturation By definition the consolidated saturation in a Corps of Engineers saturation assumed method test is 100 5 3 7 Consolidated Area V A H where consolidated volume consolidated sample height Consolidated sample height H H AH AH where H consolidated height initial height AH change in height during saturation AH change in height during consolidation 51 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 4 ASTM D 4767 Method A Calculations Saturated and consolidated specimen parameters in triaxial tests may change during the saturation or consolidation phase due to changes in height or in volume of pore fluids This section explains methods of calculating the saturated and consolidated parameters using the ASTM Method A 5 4 1 Saturated Moisture Content Saturated moisture content based on final moisture adjusted for change in pore water volume during consolidation X UW MC ms where MC saturated moisture content decimal MC final moisture content change in volume of water during consolidation Wms weight of mineral solids UW unit weight of water Weight of mineral solids W Wins 1 MC where Wi initial sample weight initial moisture content 5 4 2 Saturated Dr
62. s either displacements or strains Single specimen staged test SHEAR supports a triaxial and direct shear test variant where a single soil specimen is used to develop failure data for several different minor effective principal stresses in other words a single specimen is subjected to up to 4 different stresses stages 2 and beyond are assumed to start at exactly the same sample state 1 height and area as when the previous stage completed If this non standard procedure was used check the Single specimen staged test box gt Staged tests require initial specimen data initial moist weight moisture content change in saturated consolidated water volume height etc only for the first stage subsequent stages require only the change in height during consolidation When testing staged samples do not reset the deformation dial between stages The program does not add in the deformation produced by previous stages so the dial cannot change between changes EXPERIMENTAL Correct sample areas based upon strain The ASTM direct shear test standard D 3080 specifies that shear stresses are to be calculated by dividing the shear force over the initial sample area This ignores the effect of shearing on the sample area as the test proceeds the area of the sample decreases 18 Data Entry SHEAR User s Guide Selecting the Correct sample areas based upon strain option causes the program to approximate the sample area at each tes
63. s in the up position the lines connecting the p q peak stress points are not shown on the report s chart gt Check the effect of selecting or deselecting these options by selecting Window gt Report Preview Chart Effective CU with pore pressures only When this button is in the up position the effective p q paths are omitted from the report s chart Chart Total CU with pore pressures only When this button is in the up position the total stress p q paths are omitted from the report s chart Curve Display 3 3 Direct Shear Chart Display For direct shear tests selecting Window gt Charts displays a plot of Peak vs normal stress 32 SHEAR User s Guide If ultimate stress points have been selected the chart also plots ultimate vs normal stress The blue line should connect markers representing the peak stress points while the red line if shown should connect X markers SHEAR attempts to automatically adjust these lines for a best fit The lines may also be manually adjusted 1 Click on the Peak button to adjust the line connecting the peak stress points or click on the Ultimate button to adjust the ultimate stress points line 2 Drag with the left mouse button down the end of the line to be adjusted There are also several toolbar buttons designed to help with the adjustment Best Fit This button returns the line to the program s automatically selected alignment Through 0 0
64. s may also be manually adjusted 1 If pore pressures were taken begin by clicking on the Effective or Total buttons 2 Drag with the left mouse button down the end of the line to be adjusted There are also several toolbar buttons designed to help with the adjustment 30 SHEAR User s Guide Best Fit This button returns the tangent line to the program s automatically selected alignment Through 0 0 This button forces the left end of the tangent line to pass through the lower left corner of the chart 1 through 0 0 Two toolbar buttons determine how the chart appears on the chart report Circles on Chart When this button is in the up position the Mohr s circles are omitted from the report s chart Tangent on Chart When this button is in the up position Mohr s circles tangent lines are omitted from the report s chart Check the effect of selecting or deselecting these options by selecting Window gt Report Preview Chart Effective CU with pore pressures only When this button is in the up position the effective p q paths are omitted from the report s chart Chart Total CU with pore pressures only When this button is in the up position the total stress p q paths are omitted from the report s chart 3 2 P Q Chart Display To display a chart of a triaxial test s p q values select Window gt Charts then click on the P Q toolbar button If pore pressure measurements were taken SHEAR will display
65. s only one set of initial specimen parameters Likewise since the sample need only be subjected to a single saturation cycle those constitutive values need only be determined once In triaxial tests stages subsequent to the first begin at the state where the last state ended At that point the volume is assumed to be the same as when the previous consolidation cycle ended but the height and area have changed The specimen is then subjected to another consolidation cycle at a higher normal or confining stress When there are measurements taken of pore water volume changes these values are used to determine the constitutive parameters For example if ASTM Method B is used the consolidated volume at the end of the first stage can be calculated by working back from the final stage Vins Vut 3 AV ww where volume of mineral solids Vut final volume of voids change in water volume during 3rd stage consolidation change in water volume during 2rd stage consolidation Other methods similarly adapt to staged tests Contact GEOSYSTEM Software for additional techincal documentation if desired 69 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 16 Online Testing Sets If you have Internet Explorer version 6 0 or later or Mozilla 1 0 or later or Netscape 7 0 or later you can view examples of the test sets used to verify the program s calculations at http www geosystemsoftware com products shearv4 testing
66. s unconsolidated undrained consolidated undrained consolidated undrained with pore pressures and consolidated drained triaxial tests 3 triaxial test report formats Interactively adjust the strength tangent envelope Plot pore pressure versus strain and the stress path diagram for triaxial tests Compatible with Corps of Engineers and ASTM procedures Calculates moisture density saturation and void ratio for initial saturated and consolidated phases Staged load ring constants are permitted as well as separate constants for each specimen Test reports may list up to four specimens Printed summary lists all testing data and results Report export to EMF word processor picture DXF CAD and PDF Acrobat Reader files Since SHEAR utilizes the GEOSYTEM Data Manager program GDM or LD4 package for all file handling the user should review the GDM or LD4 manuals before proceeding Introduction Installation and Setup 1 1 Installation By itself SHEAR is not a complete system the program must be installed into a hard disk or network subdirectory that already contains a copy of the Data Manager or LD4 Drilling Log packages To enter anew SHEAR test you must first use the Data Manager or LD4 package to open or create a project file gt If you haven t licensed the Drilling Log package LD4 SHEAR requires the GEOSYSTEM for Windows Data Manager GDM software version 2 or later A compatible version is automatically
67. s warranted to fully perform the tasks described in the program documentation All results of the operation of the program are subject to the further engineering judgment prudence and study of the user 4 If the program does not perform as described VES Inc will replace the program or refund the fee paid in the licensing agreement at its option In no event will VES Inc be liable for any amount greater than the total of the license fee or fees paid by the licensee 5 One year of free consultation and updates is included with the program In subsequent years updates will be available for a fee at the user s option 1 INTRODUCTION INSTALLATION AND 1 1 1 INSTA AT TON HR 2 1 2 CONFIGURING SH EA coe ee roe oer eee detras 3 1 2 a vd abend 3 252 D 4 12 3 ROM TL ae Di ID 5 12 4 8 9 E26 10 1 3 CONTAINER WEIGHT 11 1 4 WACBICEHRIQU GEH 12 2 ENTRY issussa vuv RREUXSEFENRERUERN RERKEENEEEENUNENAEENRENMAPRUREERARUNARURRR 13 2 1 PII MC M 13 21 1 Additional Samplelnformatio
68. specimens SHSMPIPEAKSTRESS SHSMP2PEAKSTRESS SHSMP3PEAKSTRESS SHSMP4PEAKSTRESS SHSMPIPEAKSTRAIN SHSMP2PEAKSTRAIN SHSMP3PEAKSTRAIN SHSMP4PEAKSTRAIN Strain at peak stress encountered SHSMPIULTSTRESS SHSMP2ULTSTRESS SHSMP3ULTSTRESS Ultimate stress encountered by each of the four SHEAR test specimens Not an automatic selection see the ultimate stress selection discussion in 2 2 4 SHSMP4ULTSTRESS SHSMPIULTSTRAIN Strain at ultimate stress encountered SHSMP2ULTSTRAIN SHSMP3ULTSTRAIN SHSMP4ULTSTRAIN SHSMP1CELLPRESS SHSMP2CELLPRESS SHSMP3CELLPRESS SHSMP4CELLPRESS Triaxial tests only chamber cell pressure SHSMPIBACKPRESS SHSMP2BACKPRESS SHSMP3BACKPRESS SHSMP4BACKPRESS Triaxial tests only back pressure SHSMPINORMLSTRESS SHSMP2NORMLSTRESS SHSMP3NORMLSTRESS SHSMP4NORMLSTRESS SHSMPISTRAINRATE Rate of strain used during the test SHSMP2STRAINRATE 71 Direct shear tests only is the normal stress for each of the four samples TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION SHSMP3STRAINRATE SHSMP4STRAINRATE COHESION Resistance at 0 normal stress and friction angle FRICTION_ANGLE EFF_COHESION Resistance at 0 normal effective stress and effective stress friction EFF FRICTION ANGLE angle PQ A P q stress path tangent q intercept and tangent angle PQ ALPHA EFF PQ A P q effective stress path tangent q intercept and tangent angle EFF PQ ALPHA ULT COHESION Direct shear resistance 0 normal
69. t Preview then changing the report format selection Figure 4 3 6 Triaxial Report Format Selection 38 SHEAR User s Guide To preview the testing chart report you can either right click on the SHEAR link at the bottom of your sample s data entry card from the Data Manager Screen and select Report Preview or you can click on the Report tab at the bottom of the SHEAR data entry screen or select Window gt Report To print the chart report select SHEAR gt Output Chart Report then click on the Output button 4 3 1 Report Preview Display Selecting Window gt Report Preview displays a preview of the current test s chart report as shown in Figure 4 3 6 gt The display may be magnified by either moving the mouse over the report which magnifies a portion of the report or by adjusting the left toolbar slider control which looks like this 5 Note On slower computers and or higher resolution displays the circular magnifier may be unusably slow Select Preview Square Magnifier for a faster magnifier On very slow computers SHEAR automatically disables the circular magnifier button There are several selections on the triaxial chart preview and direct shear chart preview screens that control the appearance of the report display 4 4 Exporting Reports to Files SHEAR s testing data summary and chart reports may be exported to files that may be posted to a web server or e mailed to c
70. t reading and to use the approximated area when calculating the stress at that reading While this calculation differs from the D 3080 standard it is roughly allowed for by Note 19 which states Factors which incorporate assumptions regarding the actual specimen surface area over which the shear and normal forces act can be applied to the calculated values of shear or normal stress or both 2 2 SHEAR Testing Data Clicking on the Specimen 1 Specimen 2 Specimen 3 or Specimen 4 tabs at the bottom of the screen displays the testing data entry screen shown below Figure 2 2 1 Testing Data Window Movement through the entry fields is by the Tab and Shift Tab keys Enter may also be used to jump from one field to the next 2 2 1 Moisture Content Data Initial moisture content An initial moisture content test is required unless the Skip initial moisture data option is selected see the Sample Info window 19 Data Entry Final moisture content A post test moisture content is required for triaxial tests and optional for direct shear tests If you ve added a list of container IDs and weights to the program s container weight database you can enter a Container ID instead of a tare weight see 1 3 2 2 2 Specimen Measurements Following the moisture content test data you ll be asked for data on the initial sample and for some test methods saturated and or consolidated data
71. the Skip initial moisture data selection is chosen 2 1 SHEAR calculates the initial moisture content as follows where MC Wi Wa Wi Wa 2d W MC initial moisture content decimal 44 5 1 3 where 5 1 4 where 5 1 5 where where Wi Wat Wt V H Aj 5 initial specimen weight final moisture content test dry weight and tare final moisture content test tare weight Initial Wet Density Wi initial wet density initial specimen weight initial volume Initial Volume initial volume initial cross sectional area initial height Initial Cross Sectional Area for Round Specimen 2 A 4 initial cross sectional area diameter Initial Cross Sectional Area for Square DS Specimen SxS initial cross sectional area side length Initial Dry Density Y wi 1 45 SHEAR User s Guide where 5 1 9 where 5 1 10 where TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION initial dry density Initial Saturation S MC x100 1l G ms Si initial sample saturation UW unit weight of water 62 428 pcf Gns specific gravity of mineral solids Initial Void Ratio UW X Gis 1 Vai initial void ratio 5 2 Corps of Engineers Uniform Strain Calculations Saturated and consolidated specimen parameters in t
72. tion given The frame s LRC is 27030 Ibs inch up to 0 15 inches and 39490 Ibs inch beyond that e The initial load dial reading was 0 0025 e subsequent load dial reading of 0 3000 was taken The load would be 0 15 0 0025 27030 1995 15 39490 5941 68 pounds Some notes on using LRCs In the above example 27030 would be entered into the Load ring 1 constant field 39490 would be entered into the Load ring 2 constant field and 15 would be entered into the Crossover field Optionally to allow load dial readings to be entered as integers assuming that the dial is accurate to 0001 LRC 1 could be entered as 2 7030 LRC2 as 3 9490 and the Crossover as 1500 This makes the initial dial reading for the example 25 and the second reading 1995 Generically if your is given as X 15 per inch and your dial is readable to 0001 entering your load ring constant as X 0001 allows you to enter your dial readings as whole numbers ring equation This style of reading to load conversion is used with load rings that utilize an Ax B linear calibration This equation requires the following data A term The A term is specified in either pounds per load dial division or kN per load dial division B term B term is given in either pounds or kN Sample calculation given A term is 15000 Ibs inch e term is 50 165 e The initial load dial reading was 0 0025 e subs
73. tions for filter paper and rubber membrane strengths Additionally consolidated drained CD tests may have volumetric change readings that enter into the calculation of the cross sectional area The following sections explain the methods used in these calculations 5 11 1 Strain Calculations TX and UCC The sample strain at any given reading is the ratio of the change in sample height to the initial sample height It is usually expressed as a percentage Note When entering deformation data for a staged test the initial dial reading should not be entered as 0 unless the dial gauge digital display is actually reset It is necessary that the strain at the initial reading for all specimens is 0 when entering readings for staged tests Strain AH H where strain decimal change in height at reading n consolidated TX or initial specimen height AH DD DD x DDC where DD deformation dial reading in user units at dial reading n DD initial reading user units DDC dial constant converting input units to actual units of length 63 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION 5 11 2 Deviator Stress Calculations Triaxial and Unconfined Compression Deviator stresses are calculated from the axial load and the specimen area Triaxial deviator stresses may optionally be adjusted for filter paper and or rubber membrane strengths Drained triaxial tests may alternatively use effluent volume measurements for
74. tress vs strain Mohr s circles p q stress paths vertical deformation etc Most often these are the reports that are submitted to testing clients Chart reports are generated by selecting SHEAR gt Output Chart Report and clicking on the Output button 35 bi 5 eo WI Hi Bak DITEO 8 B ETT i 1 G BD guis MES aT je Jan amg i Dee o eed im ete ps 105 i orders Peke Forera au Figure Figure 4 3 2 Unconfined Compression Sample Report 36 Parere enm Roath Erime Semele 15 UNC OMPINED COREE TEST WERE GER Reporting Your Data SHEAR User s Guide SHEAR features three different reporting formats for triaxial data shown in the following three figures orcas im E Cerea ber io i ee mom deut TEAT ALY ENGINEERS Figure 4 3 4 Alternate Report Format Sample 37 Reporting Your Data UAH PORE PRESSURES TEST ea aL INR I Pail Hei i i Figure 4 3 5 UCC Report Format used with Triaxial Test Data You can select between the three formats by selecting Window gt Repor
75. xactly like the printed versions however TrueType DXF files are only supported on AutoCAD versions 14 and newer additionally many other drawing and CAD programs do not support TrueType files Layer name DXF files only Specifies the name of the CAD drawing layer on which your report will be drawn Layer names may be any combination of alphabetic and numeric characters however many CAD programs cannot handle layer names that include spaces MYLAYER is OK MY LAYER is not Since your chosen layer name will be repeated throughout the DXF report files the shorter you make the name the smaller in size your DXF files will become After selecting the desired export options click on the Output button to create the file s data summary reports will be exported as two files if you ve chosen the DXF or EMF file format 4 5 Copying Reports to the Windows Clipboard If you re creating a word processing document which incorporates your SHEAR reports you can skip the process of exporting the report to a file then inserting the file as a picture into your word processing document instead open the SHEAR test and select Edit Copy Data This places a copy of the SHEAR chart report on the Windows clipboard To paste the report into your word processing document start the word processor open the document and select Edit gt Paste 4 6 Listing Results from Multiple SHEAR Tests The Data Summary and Export tool discussed in Ch
76. y Density Wins Yas where saturated dry density saturated volume Saturated volume V x H where A saturated area H saturated height 52 where where 5 4 3 where 5 4 4 5 4 5 SHEAR User s Guide Saturated area H 2x AH A Aj Ai initial area H saturated height AH change in height during saturation Saturated height H H AH H saturated height initial height AH change in height during saturation Saturated Saturation MC 5 Uw 1 100 Yas G ms S saturated sample saturation UW weight of water 62 428 pcf Gns specific gravity of mineral solids Consolidated Moisture Content ASTM Method A uses the final moisture content as the consolidated moisture content Consolidated Dry Density The ASTM Method A consolidated dry density calculation is identical to the COE saturation assumed dry density calculation covered in 5 3 5 5 4 6 Consolidated Saturation MC Se UW 1 HR G ms 53 TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION where S consolidated sample saturation 96 UW unit weight of water 62 428 pcf Gns specific gravity of mineral solids 5 4 7 Consolidated Area A E V DV DV H where A consolidated area Vi initial volume change volume during saturation change in volume during consolidation consolidated sample height Change in volume du

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

    Instructions for Institutions  WEVPMS 253.2  IW16157 User Manual 3-09 V2.indb  TC-780 Owner`s Manual V01  Philips 201E1SB Monitor User Guide Manual Operating Instructions  Guia de usuario Juno 5B Español  Preparación de la Máquina  Stoves S5-E600MF  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file