Home

User`s manual ThermaCAM™ Researcher Professional

1. Figure 5 1 Main window 14 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 About the program There are several layout options available These are controlled by tabs in the bottom part of the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional window You can see combinations of the IR image the profile the histogram the plot and the result table windows All tabs have an IR image with a temperature scale in the top left corner You cannot reposition the windows within the tabs but you can catch and move the splitter bars that separate the windows thus increasing or decreasing the relative size of each of the windows You can copy the whole program window to the clipboard by pressing the ALT PRINTSCRN key buttons You can also save the current tab as a bitmap by the command Save Tab As in the File menu The program can only show one image at a time On the image the analysis tools are displayed The results of the analysis tools can be displayed in the histogram profile plot or result table window The main layout of the program is pretty much like any other Windows program On the top line of the program window there is a title containing a session name the image directory and the three buttons minimise maximise and close from left to right The same functions are available on the right mouse button menu of the top line Below the top line there is a set of drop down menus by which you can select fu
2. Windows should detect the camera after a while If nothing seems to happen and the ThermaCAM appears in the Device Manager category Other devices Right click on My Computer Properties Device Manager tab click on the failing ThermaCAM device name and press the Remove button Un plug and plug the camera cable back into the FireWire adapter to make the ThermaCAM re appear as an Imaging device 84 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 8 FireWire configuration When Windows starts asking you for files please follow the instructions on the screen Browse to your Windows CD for Windows files and to C Program Files Flir Systems Device drivers for the flirdcam sys file and click Next The FLIR Systems device drivers can also be found on the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM if you find that more convenient There are cameras capable of supporting other devices such as the FLIR 1394 Net work Adapter and the FLIR USB Adapter These devices belong to the ThermaCAM Connect 3 0 or ThermaCAM QuickReport product which has drivers for them You do not have to install these drivers to make ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional work 8 5 Troubleshooting the FireWire installation To work properly the FireWire configuration needs Microsoft Windows 98 sec ed ME 2000 XP or Vista Direct X 8 1 or higher A successful installation
3. Click the Connect button Select Spot from the Object list and Temperature from the Value list and click OK This will insert the address sp1 value into your ex pression Click the button labelled This will insert a minus sign into your expression Again click the Connect button This time select the Area from the Object list and Average temperature from the Value list and click OK Your expression should now read sp1 temp ar1 avg You may also specify the precision of the formula i e the number of decimals with which the result of the formula will be displayed Do this by selecting the appropriate value from the Precision list You can use 0 5 decimals To prevent the formula from presenting its result in the result table select Hidden result Once finished click the OK button This brings you back to the Formulas dialog box To add more formulas repeat the procedure Another interesting formula you could try is sp1 temp 4 5 57033e 8 3 141592 W m 2 sr which calculates the blackbody radiance when the temperature is in Kelvin 5 57033e 8 means 5 57033 x 10 8 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 57 6 Tutorials The command Change gives you the opportunity to change a defined formula Se lecting a formula is done by clicking on it Double clicking it will open the Change Formula dialog box directly The Delete button removes the selected formula NOTE
4. If you need the manual but cannot find it you can rely on that the same information is available as the help text of the program 3 7 New features in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional 2 9 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional 2 9 has a number of changes mainly regarding the following Text comments in ThermaCAM SC640 were previously ignored This behavior has been corrected Connection to ThermoVision A320 and A320G is now provided Better handling of low battery hibernate during recordings Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 3 Welcome The subtraction preview did not always display the correct images Support for Windows Vista 6 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 4 Installation 4 1 Installation instructions The ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM contains all software manufac tured by FLIR Systems AB that you need in order to run ThermaCAM Researcher Professional with a FireWire Interface a PC Card Interface an IC2 DIG16 frame grabber an IRFlashLink board a Gigabit Ethernet interface a standard Ethernet interface For the IRFlashLink board you also need a CD ROM from its manufacturer The installation procedures for these configurations differ so please follow only the instructions that are appropriate for your particular configuration The installations are two step procedures It is recommended that you install
5. 6 Tutorials XXXX_DateTime 1 5 Minute XXXX_DateTime 1 6 Second XXXX_DateTime 1 7 Millisecond typedef struct MatLab header level 1 0 long type long mRows long nCols long imagF long namLen 0 Intel type MatLabHeader 10 Matrix height 1 Matrix width 0 No imaginary part 17 Length of the matrix name 1 XXXX ObjectParam 1 1 Emissivity XXXX ObjectParam 1 2 Object distance XXXX ObjectParam 1 3 Reflected Temperature XXXX ObjectParam 1 4 Atmospheric Temperature XXXX ObjectParam 1 5 Relative Humidity XXXX ObjectParam 1 6 Computed atm transmission XXXX ObjectParam 1 7 Estimated atm Transmission XXXX ObjectParam 1 8 Reference Temperature XXXX ObjectParam 1 9 External optics temperature XXXX Objec tParam 1 10 External optics transmission typedef struct MatLab header level 1 0 0 Intel type long type long mRows long nCols long imagF long namLen MatLabHeader 9 Matrix height 1 Matrix width 0 No imaginary part 13 Length of the matrix name 1 XXXX Scaling 1 1 XXXX Scaling 1 2 XXXX Scaling 1 3 XXXX Scaling 1 4 XXXX Scaling 1 5 XXXX Scaling 1 6 XXXX Scaling 1 7 Blackbody range min Blackbody range max Type of output 0 temperature 2 difference temperature 4 object signal 5 difference object signal Camera scale min Camera scale max Calculated scale Calculated scale
6. Auoshute Oo Figure 6 7 ThermoVision A series FireWire dialog box If some button is disabled on your camera control it is because your particular camera does not support that function The selected Measurement Range should cover the expected measurement temper atures The range limits are blackbody temperatures so if your measurement target has a shiny surface with a low emissivity you will be able to make measurements above the range limits If you click the Int Image Correction button on the Camera Control panel the camera will respond by making a rather heavy clicking sound when the internal shutter is pulled and adjust its own temperature scale once to the current image It is highly recommended to use the Int Image Correction function now and then since it im proves the image quality Select the Auto shutter option if you want an automatic in ternal image correction This automated process can be disabled as it may affect the recording of images When you switch it off a warning will appear on the status field of the control This warning will become red if you leave it switched off for a long time NOTE There is a related function in the Image menu on the standard toolbar and on the scaling toolbar That function is called Auto Adjust It will continuously adjust the scale to the image locally within the PC If noise reduction is set to On it will blur the image of moving objects If the camera is connect
7. float extOptTemp Kelvin float extOptTrans 0 1 long spareLong 16 0 FPF OBJECT PAR T 6 8 18 5 The date and time data structure 92 bytes typedef struct 1 int Year int Month int Day int Hour int Minute int Second Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 67 6 Tutorials int MilliSecond long spareLong 16 0 FPF DATETIME T 6 8 18 6 The scaling data structure 88 bytes typedef struct float tMinCam Camera scale min in current output float tMaxCam Camera scale max float tMinCalc Calculated min almost true min float tMaxCalc Calculated max almost true max float tMinScale Scale min float tMaxScale Scale max long spareLong 16 0 FPF SCALING T 6 8 19 Studying parts of images If one part of the image is particularly interesting you can put any kind of area around it and save its temperatures in a text file that Microsoft amp Excel can read csv format This command is called Save area as and is available in the Image menu 6 9 How to measure many images The previous section was about measurements on single images Much of what was said there is still valid and will not be repeated here This section will deal only with questions arising when several images are involved Typical examples are how a temperature varies with time or how two or more measurements vary together Two app
8. 10 2 Software limitations The Ethernet configuration works on Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista 32 bit operating systems Full burst rate recording of the cameras is not possible in this configuration 10 3 PC recommendations Minimum requirements are A Pentium 4 computer with a clock rate of 1 4 GHz or more At least 512 MB RAM Any network interface supporting at least Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit s 10 4 Ethernet bandwidth requirements Itis important to understand that the cameras in this configuration will stream uncom pressed digital video data on the network This will consume a lot of bandwidth and can affect the normal network traffic causing congestions and slow response 94 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 10 Standard Ethernet interface configuration It is strongly recommended that you configure your network so that the digital video packet data does not affect any normal Ethernet traffic Small local area networks designated for video streaming is recommended These networks can either be Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet networks depending on the camera model see figure below Figure 10 3 Network type recommendations Camera model Merlin 60 Hz Bandwidth requirement 100 Mbit s Network recommendation Use Gigabit Ethernet Omega 30 Hz 12 Mbit s Use Fast Ethernet Phoenix 60 Hz Resolution 320 x 256 100 Mbit s Use Giga
9. 2 rette t mtem uer deine 40 6 6 2 Play IMAGES toolbar cett Rte etu 42 6 6 3 Replay Settings dialog DOX ssesseseeeeeeeeennnentetnr tnter treten 44 How to edit convert sequences sesenta rete trtntnntn ate th anna te tatnen atn tn ata 44 6 7 1 Removing Copying all selected images 45 6 7 2 Removing Copying some selected images e 45 6 7 3 AVI BMP MatLab FPF SAF files from selected images 46 6 7 4 Subtracting selected images sssssseeeeeeeennnenennnr rettet 47 How to make single image measurements sssssse eene 51 6 8 1 Isoth rim tool 3 cto fec nene Le ete diete discite d itctc Ds 52 6 8 2 Reed m 53 6 8 3 Flying spot meter 53 6 8 4 Area tool es 59 6 8 5 Line tool ees 54 6 8 6 ge n g M 55 6 8 7 Removal of analysis tooli eissor eter rhet ionni es 58 6 8 8 Analysis tool styles and object parameters sss 58 6 8 9 EmissiVity calculation 3 tette tpe ett p tee eaa dasenak iet iun 6 8 10 Result table window 6 8 10 1 Analysis tab 6 8 10 2 Position tab 6 8 10 3 Object parameter tab sssssssseeeeeneeeenrnetnenne tenete 6 8 10 4 Image TAD cor cce cedem doc iet eat 6 8 10 5 Text comments tabs igarian kearni eee tre tren 6 8 11 Interpretation of values ssssesseeeeenenenneneten trennen tnter tennis 6 8 42 Transferring sing
10. Camera name string define FPF CAMERA PARTN LEN 31 Camera part number string define FPF CAMERA SN LEN 31 Scanner serial number string define FPF LENS TYPE LEN 31 Lens name string define FPF LENS PARTN LEN 31 Lens part number string define FPF LENS SN LEN 31 Lens serial number string define FPF FILTER TYPE LEN 31 Filter name string define FPF FILTER PARTN LEN 31 Filter part number string define FPF FILTER SN LEN 31 Filter serial number string typedef struct 1 char camera name FPF CAMERA TYPE LEN 1 char camera partn FPF CAMERA PARTN LEN 1 char camera sn FPF CAMERA SN LEN 1 float camera range tmin float camera range tmax char lens name FPF LENS TYPE LEN 1 char lens partn FPF LENS PARTN LEN 1 char lens sn FPF LENS SN LEN 1 char filter name FPF FILTER TYPE LEN 1 char filter partn FPF _ FILTER PARTN LEN 1 char filter Sn FPF FILTER SN LEN 1 long spareLong 16 0 FPF_CAMDATA T 6 8 18 4 The object parameters data structure 104 bytes typedef struct float emissivity 0 1 float objectDistance Meters float ambTemp Reflected temperature in Kelvin float atmTemp Atmospheric temperature in Kelvin float relHum 0 1 float compuTao Computed atmospheric transmission float estimTao Estimated atmospheric transmission float refTemp Reference temperature in Kelvin
11. Label Value C Min Max Max Min Avg Stdev Result Expression Image 11 9 32 9 44 7 SPO1 17 4 SP02 16 2 LIO1 0 1 26 7 26 6 16 5 2 7 ARO1 15 5 26 7 11 2 16 6 0 8 Figure 6 50 Image tab of the result table 6 8 10 5 Text comments tab The text comments tab shows the text comments that are associated with the currently displayed image The text comments that are applied to the images that you record are not displayed here until you replay the images 10429803 a1 34 Analysis Position 5 Obj Par Image EF Text comment Label Value Figure 6 51 Text comments tab of the result table The concept of text comments is based on two important definitions label and value The following examples explain what the difference between the two definitions is Figure 6 52 Definitions of label and value Label examples Company Building Section Value examples FLIR Systems Workshop Room 1 Equipment Tool 1 Recommendation 6 8 11 Repair Interpretation of gt lt values Sometimes when you accidentally make measurements almost outside the calibrated range of a camera or when you enter extreme object parameters you will get s in front of or replacing the desired values You may also get gt or lt characters in front of the values In all these cases you are out of range Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 61 6 Tutorials 6 8 12 T
12. SEE ALSO For more information about OLE see the following document on the CD OLE Automation Publ No T559011 12 2 OLE caveats If ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is embedded or linked to the Microsoft Office programs e g Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel there might be some strange behaviours you didn t expect The main reason for this is that the Microsoft Office programs handle OLE in different ways and ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional cannot work perfectly in all environments This chapter describes some of the peculiarities and ways to work around them 12 2 1 Colors Problem Solution In some applications e g Microsoft Word the image can be drawn using the wrong colors In stead of using the colors in the selected palette e g Rainbow the image is drawn in randomly selected colors 102 Change the settings for your video card so it uses more than 256 colors Depending on your video card use 32000 64000 or Truecolor Refer to the documentation of your video card NOTE This may affect the performance of the live image presentation Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 12 OLE tricks amp tips 12 2 2 Incorrect aspect ratio Problem When you change the size of the IR image it can get incorrect proportions i e it becomes elongated either horizontally or vertically 12 2 3 Problem If you have more than one link from the same IR image
13. Theory of thermography some of it arrives at the other surface through which most of it escapes part of it is reflected back again Although the progressive reflections become weaker and weaker they must all be added up when the total emittance of the plate is sought When the resulting geometrical series is summed the effective emissivity of a semi transparent plate is obtained as t 0 7 10 7 A When the plate becomes opaque this formula is reduced to the single formula amp 1 p This last relation is a particularly convenient one because it is often easier to measure reflectance than to measure emissivity directly 130 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 17 The measurement formula As already mentioned when viewing an object the camera receives radiation not only from the object itself It also collects radiation from the surroundings reflected via the object surface Both these radiation contributions become attenuated to some extent by the atmosphere in the measurement path To this comes a third radiation contribution from the atmosphere itself This description of the measurement situation as illustrated in the figure below is so far a fairly true description of the real conditions What has been neglected could for instance be sun light scattering in the atmosphere or stray radiation from intense ra diation sources outside the field of view Such disturbances are difficu
14. cbiGflir com Web www corebyindigo com
15. select Striped Volume as the volume type Click Next Select the other SCSI disk and click Add Click Next Assign a drive letter to the striped volume Click Next Select the NTFS file system for the new volume Click Next Check that the information on the last dialog box is correct Click Finish The for matting of the new volume will now begin 11 2 2 2 Importing striped volumes in Windows 2000 XP To import a volume striped on one Windows 2000 XP computer into another Windows 2000 XP computer click on Start Settings Control Panel Double click on the Administrative Tools and Computer Management icons When the Computer Management window has started click on Storage and Disk Management in the left view The two SCSI disks will now appear as foreign disks each one with a separate number normally Disk 1 and Disk 2 If other numbers appear use them instead Click with the right mouse button on the text Foreign below the text Disk 1 Select Import foreign disks from the menu Mark the right two SCSI disks in the dialog box that appears Click OK On the next dialog box select an appropriate drive letter and click OK Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 99 11 Disk management INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 100 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 12 OLE tricks amp tips 12 1 OLE in brief 12 1 1 Copying information to other app
16. 0 13 4 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 145 18 Emissivity tables Magnesium 538 T 0 18 4 Magnesium polished 20 T 0 07 2 Magnesium pow T 0 86 1 der Molybdenum 600 1000 T 0 08 0 13 1 Molybdenum 1500 2200 T 0 19 0 26 1 Molybdenum filament 700 2500 T 0 1 0 3 1 Mortar 17 SW 0 87 5 Mortar dry 36 SW 0 94 7 Nextel Velvet 811 Flat black 60 150 LW gt 0 97 10 and 21 Black 11 Nichrome rolled 700 T 0 25 1 Nichrome sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Nichrome wire clean 50 T 0 65 1 Nichrome wire clean 500 1000 T 0 71 0 79 1 Nichrome wire oxidized 50 500 T 0 95 0 98 1 Nickel bright matte 122 T 0 041 4 Nickel commercially 100 T 0 045 1 pure polished Nickel commercially 200 400 T 0 07 0 09 1 pure polished Nickel electrolytic 22 T 0 04 4 Nickel electrolytic 38 y 0 06 4 Nickel electrolytic 260 iT 0 07 4 Nickel electrolytic 538 T 0 10 4 Nickel electroplated pol 20 d 0 05 2 ished Nickel electroplated on 22 T 0 045 4 iron polished Nickel electroplated on 20 T 0 11 0 40 1 iron unpolished 146 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Nickel electroplated on 22 T 0 11 iron unpolished Nickel oxidized 200 T 0 37 Nickel oxidized 227 T 0 37 Nickel oxidized 1227 T 0 85 Nickel oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 37 0 48 Nickel polished 122 T 0 045 N
17. 121 ui E eee ngae araara ae aaraa aaa STTEL fee AASER a meee UES EEEE eats 121 16 2 The electromagnetic SPectUM soip iniia kiia aiaia 121 16 3 Blackbody radiation vis 2 recte ese oe a ce ir S A 16 3 1 Planck s law 16 3 2 Wien s displacement law sssssseseeeneneneneneen enne 124 16 3 8 Stefan Boltzmann s law ssssssssssesseeeeneneneeneneenrnnenetnenntnenne nennen 126 16 3 4 Non blackbody emitters sssssssssseeeeeeeeeneeneneennenn nnne 127 16 4 Infrared semi transparent materials sssssssssssessseeeeeenneennennennnernnnns 129 The measurement form la 2 eene enn rte dec eaa 131 Emissivity tables 18 1 References p 18 2 Important note about the emissivity tables sssssssee en 137 19 3 Tables nion Mocs Renee Cerise leider Hed Mie ai Hasc ice aid LR 138 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 Typographical conventions User to user forums Additional license information Notice to user This manual uses the following typographical conventions Semibold is used for menu names menu commands and labels and buttons in dialog boxes Italic is used for important information Monospace is used for code samples UPPER CASE is used for names on keys and buttons Exchange ideas problems and infrared solutions with fellow thermographers around the world in our user to user forums To go to the f
18. 4 1 2 1 Installation of the application software sess 8 4 1 2 2 Installation of the Direct X software 8 4 1 2 3 Installation of the camera interface driver software T 4 1 2 4 Installation of the eBus Driver Suite 9 4 2 Where do the installed files go sessssssseseeeneennennnnnenneeenenemeennennnnns 9 5 sADout the progtam e eeepc BRE Pg era ei e Pd e event Rea 11 5 1 Basic principles for ThermaCAM Researcher Professional 00 eens 11 5 2 Working with ThermaCAM Researcher Professional sse 11 5 8 List of current image files iniret mere dtr deter gerere e d Pra dci erc 5 4 NIMAGESCIECIORY e Ctm 5 5 SCRI 5 6 Program screen layout Iiiyooy eii prec re en pne n Cen ende 5 6 1 Standard toolbar 5 6 2 Play imagesS toolDar n cci eti nei perg rec ee doce mrs 17 5 6 3 Recording toolDal ccce descent te iei eem di de ead 18 5 6 4 Image dir toolbar oet peer exer reote amer d dre eva 18 5 6 5 Analysis toolbar sne a eee rr e depen vod ee i nde rae aar 18 5 6 6 Scaling toolbar RD 19 bir4 Shortcut Keys SEENA EAEE EE Ea Re DA AD EEEE ANA 19 6 Tutorlals 15 ls s e e eoo UO Rote Eins 21 6 1 How to begin usirig a Calmera enm eR HP eene niaaa 21 6 2 How to connect and control the camera 22 6 2 1 ThermoVision A series Camera Control e 24 6 2 2 ThermaCAM S series
19. 70 SW 0 76 0 78 9 glosses Paper white bond 20 T 0 93 2 Paper yellow 1 0 72 1 Plaster 17 SW 0 86 5 Plaster plasterboard un 20 SW 0 90 6 treated Plaster rough coat 20 T 0 91 2 Plastic glass fibre lami 70 LW 0 91 9 nate printed circ board Plastic glass fibre lami 70 SW 0 94 9 nate printed circ board 148 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Plastic polyurethane isola 70 LW 0 55 tion board Plastic polyurethane isola 70 SW 0 29 tion board Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 LW 0 93 dull structured Plastic PVC plastic floor 70 SW 0 94 dull structured Platinum 17 T 0 016 Platinum 22 T 0 03 Platinum 100 T 0 05 Platinum 260 T 0 06 Platinum 538 T 0 10 Platinum 1000 1500 T 0 14 0 18 Platinum 1094 T 0 18 Platinum pure polished 200 600 F 0 05 0 10 Platinum ribbon 900 1100 T 0 12 0 17 Platinum wire 50 200 T 0 06 0 07 Platinum wire 500 1000 T 0 10 0 16 Platinum wire 1400 T 0 18 Porcelain glazed 20 T 0 92 Porcelain white shiny T 0 70 0 75 Rubber hard 20 T 0 95 Rubber soft gray rough 20 iT 0 95 Sand T 0 60 Sand 20 T 0 90 Sandstone polished 19 LLW 0 909 Sandstone rough 19 LLW 0 935 Silver polished 100 T 0 03 Silver pure polished 200 600 T 0 02 0 03 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 149 18 Emissivity tables Skin human 32 T 0 98 2 Slag
20. Between the years 1900 and 1920 the inventors of the world discovered the infrared Many patents were issued for devices to detect personnel artillery aircraft ships and even icebergs The first operating systems in the modern sense began to be developed during the 1914 18 war when both sides had research programs devoted to the military exploitation of the infrared These programs included experimental systems for enemy intrusion detection remote temperature sensing secure commu nications and flying torpedo guidance An infrared search system tested during this period was able to detect an approaching airplane at a distance of 1 5 km 0 94 miles or a person more than 300 meters 984 ft away The most sensitive systems up to this time were all based upon variations of the bolometer idea but the period between the two wars saw the development of two revolutionary new infrared detectors the image converter and the photon detector At first the image converter received the greatest attention by the military because it enabled an observer for the first time in history to literally see in the dark However the sensitivity of the image converter was limited to the near infrared wavelengths and the most interesting military targets i e enemy soldiers had to be illuminated by infrared search beams Since this involved the risk of giving away the observer s position to a similarly equipped enemy observer it is understand
21. IR image with OLE on page 33 7 6 8 12 Transferring single results with OLE on page 62 12 1 OLE in brief on page 101 6 6 How to play back images on page 39 7 3 View menu This menu lists all the toolbars the control panels and the status line of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Use this menu to hide and unhide them as you please SEE ALSO For more information about tools and toolbar buttons see section a 5 6 Program screen layout on page 14 7 4 Camera menu This menu contains a number of commands related to the connecting and controlling of the camera SEE ALSO For more information about connecting and controlling the camera see section 6 2 How to connect and control the camera on page 22 7 5 Image menu This menu leads to most commands related to the handling of single images Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 77 7 Menu commands SEE ALSO For more information see sections 5 4 Image directory on page 13 6 6 1 Open images dialog box on page 40 6 3 1 Obtaining a good IR image on page 30 6 8 14 Measurement output and units on page 62 6 8 16 Studying whole images on page 63 6 8 7 Removal of analysis tools on page 58 6 8 19 Studying parts of images on page 68 6 8 9 Emissivity calculation on page 59 7 6 Recording menu This menu contains commands about the recording of images and the playback of recordings SEE ALSO For more information
22. Memory Cards from ThermaCAM cameras The program can make studies on high medium slow speed thermal events depending on the hardware configuration It can show IR images record them on disk and analyse them afterwards during their replay It can provide measurement result values directly from the live stream of images too but only for the images you decide not to record The measurements are made with the following analysis tools isotherm spotmeter area and line The results produced by these tools can be displayed within the IR image in the profile window in the histogram window in the result table window or in the plot window Formulas can be applied to the results The program uses a set of predefined screen layouts one for each type of work that you could have in mind You can also extract information from ThermaCAM Researcher Professional by using OLE which is an automatic way of transferring information between programs running under Windows to bring the information into for example Microsoft amp Excel or Mi crosoft amp Word The IR image can be transferred in the same way The clipboard functions Copy and Paste are used for this purpose Several copies of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional can run at the same time but only one at a time can be connected to the same camera 5 2 Working with ThermaCAM Researcher Professional A typical user of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional would probably install it both
23. boiler 0 100 T 0 97 0 93 1 Slag boiler 200 500 T 0 89 0 78 1 Slag boiler 600 1200 T 0 76 0 70 1 Slag boiler 1400 1800 T 0 69 0 67 1 Snow See Water Soil dry 20 T 0 92 2 Soil saturated with wa 20 T 0 95 2 ter Stainless steel alloy 8 Ni 18 500 T 0 35 1 Cr Stainless steel rolled 700 T 0 45 1 Stainless steel sandblasted 700 T 0 70 1 Stainless steel sheet polished 70 LW 0 14 9 Stainless steel sheet polished 70 SW 0 18 9 Stainless steel sheet untreated 70 LW 0 28 9 somewhat scratched Stainless steel sheet untreated 70 SW 0 30 9 somewhat scratched Stainless steel type 18 8 buffed 20 T 0 16 2 Stainless steel type 18 8 oxi 60 T 0 85 2 dized at 800 C Stucco rough lime 10 90 T 0 91 1 Styrofoam insulation 37 SW 0 60 7 Tar T 0 79 0 84 1 Tar paper 20 T 0 91 0 93 1 Tile glazed 17 SW 0 94 5 Tin burnished 20 50 T 0 04 0 06 1 Tin tin plated sheet 100 T 0 07 2 iron 150 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Titanium oxidized at 540 C 200 T 0 40 1 Titanium oxidized at 540 C 500 T 0 50 1 Titanium oxidized at 540 C 1000 T 0 60 1 Titanium polished 200 T 0 15 1 Titanium polished 500 T 0 20 1 Titanium polished 1000 RD 0 36 1 Tungsten 200 T 0 05 1 Tungsten 600 1000 Jp 0 1 0 16 1 Tungsten 1500 2200 T 0 24 0 31 1 Tungsten filament 3300 P 0 39 1 Varnish flat 20 SW 0 93 6 Varnish on oak par
24. butzm FE ld ji grct pood Jro bit onF5 tt m Figure 6 19 Recording toolbar It is primarily associated with recording sequences of image files but can also be used to record single image files The leftmost field shows the name of the file that will be stored next The name consists of a base part NEW to which a sequence number is added 0002 and extension is appended IMG or SEQ The base part is atext string which you can change in the Recording Conditions dialog box hidden under the stopwatch button on the same toolbar The sequence number is controlled by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional and is increased by 1 for every image file or image sequence file A field showing the current condition for starting the recording follows the toolbar button with the start pistol A field showing the current condition for recording an image follows the toolbar button with the disk No matter what the field says the diskette button will always record one image even if the start condition is not fulfilled The next button will temporarily stop the recording Pause A field showing the current condition for stopping the recording follows the toolbar button with the chequered flag No matter what the field says the flag button will always stop the recording The second last button will bring up the Recording Conditions dialog box The very last button will start the replay of the recorded images in another copy of ThermaCAM Resear
25. is missing or whatever The images recorded by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional do not contain any analysis it has to be added on In this preparatory step the user will scan through all the images noting the interesting ones grouping them and preparing them for analysis This involves either applying a correction to each individual image actually changing the file or using a standard correction replacing some parameter of the images but not changing the images themselves The standard correction is in this program often indicated by the word lock It is possible to lock the temperature scale lock the object parameters the analysis func tions and lock the zoom factor This means for instance that you can apply your favourite temperature scale to an image by locking the scale and setting it to your favourite values The current image and the ones that follow will be presented with your favourite scale despite having another scale stored inside them When you unlock the scale the original scale of the image will reappear The actual analysis involves playing through the images once more taking values from the analysis tools of the images and comparing them to what was expected The analysis might be preceded by a conversion of some kind such as image sub traction The results of the study might become an important part of a research report a graph or a set of images supporting some vital conclusion 5 8 List of current imag
26. is reduced You can use two isotherms with different colors at the same time The temperature values of the isotherm are shown in the result table window or through OLE You can obtain the following values Temperature width interval isotherm only and temperature relative to the reference temperature The temperature value given for the interval isotherm is that of the upper limit The isotherm always uses the object parameters of the IR image 6 8 2 Spot meter tool This tool measures the temperature in one spot on the image and shows the result in the result table or beside its symbol in the IR image The results are also available through OLE You can obtain the following values Temperature temperature relative to the reference temperature emissivity object distance and the image co ordinates of the spot meter Spot meters are called SP01 SP02 SP99 You create a spot meter by first clicking on the spot meter toolbar button and then on the desired position in the image You move a spot meter by catching it with the mouse You click the left mouse button on top of the cross hair and drag it into the place you want The spot meter will then jump to that position 6 8 3 Flying spot meter This tool only measures the temperature at the mouse cursor and displays it beside the cursor in a tool tip window There is just one single flying spotmeter You can click with the left mouse button on the image to create fix spotmete
27. of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional A correct Type of camera and Type of connection setting in the Select Camera m dialog A 6 or 4 to 4 FireWire cable for ThermaCAM S series A 6 or 4 to 4 FireWire cable for ThermaCAM SC640 series A 6 or 4 to 6 FireWire cable for ThermoVision A series A IEEE 1394a 2000 FireWire adapter A successful installation of the FireWire Adapter driver A camera equipped for FireWire digital output with its digital video mode set to DCAM The Driver Signing setting of the Windows Device Manager should not block unsigned files Windows 2000 XP Vista The TCP IP protocol Automatic Metric setting should not be set A successful installation of the FLIR ThermaCAM camera driver for each camera used If two or more cameras are used they have to have the same image frame rate setting if manufactured before July 1st 2003 A 1GHz or faster PC or laptop equipped with a IEEE 1394a 2000 interface capable of serial bus speed of 400 Mb s Recent updates from Microsoft and the computer manufacturer With Windows XP Service Pack 2 S series cameras must have filekit 2 2 5 or higher and A series cameras must have filekit 1 2 12 or higher The FLIR Therma CAM driver must have version 5 20 2600 923 or higher Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 85 8 FireWire configuration Administrator rights or a change in the Local Security Policy f
28. on a laptop computer which easily can be brought along to the site where the data is to be collected and on a stationary computer connected to a network with printers and disks on it At the site the user would set up the camera connect it to the computer and start recording Some users will record images lots of images and go back home in order to study them Others will immediately make measurements and simply record a few values on paper or in a spreadsheet and forget about the images on which they are based Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 11 5 About the program Some users are satisfied with the temperature measurements as such others want mathematical functions of temperature or to correlate the measurements to something else like pressure or vibration or the incidence of some event Being careful when setting up the camera will normally improve the measurement results This could mean measuring the object parameters carefully avoiding creating images containing reflections from strong heat or cold sources in the neighbourhood using a spectral IR filter which is appropriate for the application and so on Before studying the recorded images one has to pick out and examine the really in teresting ones Then one normally finds that something has to be done to them before the actual analysis begins The emissivity factor might be wrong or the temperature scale limits or the analysis tool
29. refresh the list afterwards If you select the View Thumbnails option the layout of the right half of the dialog box will change drastically fom Images Image directory C Documents and Settings Administrator My Documents Ther Session images mage files BAET45IMG CAT IMG EXH_PIPE IMG n FANS JPG HELICOPT IMG C HOUSES IMG Lo ISDLATOR IMG BAE146 IMG Lo HELICOPT IMG LAMP_HAL IMG Deselect LAMP_SHL IMG DIL IMG M E PCB IMG T Sort INE PLASTICFILM IMG PUMP IMG CAT IMG FANS JPG HOUSES IMG SUN_CELL IMG P M View Thumbnails Show name C Show date C Show time File name img seq ana Cw til fff Files of type All image files img seq Figure 6 27 Open images dialog box View thumbnails option selected The list of files will become a list of images instead The images with a blue frame are the highlighted ones The images are always displayed with the iron palette and with their own scale object parameter analysis and zoom settings Using the three radio buttons below the images you have the option of displaying the date or time instead of the image names The buttons in the middle of the dialog box manipulate the names of the list to the left The Add button will copy all highlighted file names from the right list to the left one The Clear All button will clear the left list The Deselect button will remove highlighted items in the left list If no items are highligh
30. see sections a 6 5 How to record IR images on page 34 a 6 6 How to play back images on page 39 6 7 How to edit convert sequences on page 44 7 7 Help menu This menu provides you with access to the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional help file which happens to correspond to this manual and with version information about ThermaCAM Researcher Professional and its components the IR image control program and the camera control program 7 8 Play Images toolbar menu This menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the play images tool bar It contains some of the commands in the Recording menu SEE ALSO For more information see sections a 6 6 How to play back images on page 39 a 6 7 How to edit convert sequences on page 44 7 9 IR Image window menus These menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the IR image If you happen to click near an analysis symbol you will get a menu for that symbol If you click anywhere else on the IR image you will get a menu with some of the commands from the IR menu 78 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 7 Menu commands SEE ALSO For more information see sections 6 6 1 Open images dialog box on page 40 6 3 1 Obtaining a good IR image on page 30 6 8 14 Measurement output and units on page 62 6 8 16 Studying whole images on page 63 6 8 7 Removal of analysis tools on page 58 6 8 19 Studying parts
31. testing different samples of colored glass which gave similar reductions in brightness he was intrigued to find that some of the samples passed very little of the sun s heat while others passed so much heat that he risked eye damage after only a few seconds observation Herschel was soon convinced of the necessity of setting up a systematic experiment with the objective of finding a single material that would give the desired reduction in brightness as well as the maximum reduction in heat He began the experiment by actually repeating Newton s prism experiment but looking for the heating effect rather than the visual distribution of intensity in the spectrum He first blackened the bulb of a sensitive mercury in glass thermometer with ink and with this as his radiation de tector he proceeded to test the heating effect of the various colors of the spectrum formed on the top of a table by passing sunlight through a glass prism Other ther mometers placed outside the sun s rays served as controls As the blackened thermometer was moved slowly along the colors of the spectrum the temperature readings showed a steady increase from the violet end to the red end This was not entirely unexpected since the Italian researcher Landriani in a similar experiment in 1777 had observed much the same effect It was Herschel Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 117 15 History of infrared technology however who was th
32. them If you click again on the candle releasing it or if you click the Lock scale button the current scale limits will be locked kept for every new image If you release the right button by clicking on it again the original scale of the images is shown If you change the scale manually and forget to click the lock scale button afterwards you will be asked Do you want to use your new scale for all images The following options exist for the object parameters The original parameters of the recorded images New enforced object parameters This is also controlled from the play recording tools using this button 10425103 a2 Ea Figure 6 60 Button used to change object parameters If it is depressed the current object parameters are kept for all new images If it is released the original object parameters of the images are used If you change the object parameters manually and forget to click the Lock object parameters button afterwards you will be asked Do you want to use your new object parameters for all images The images recorded by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional do not contain any analysis tools Hence you have to add them while playing the images This is very well as long as the object of interest stands still You simply add the analysis and save it with the session file Should the object be moving we recommend going through the images one by one moving reshaping the analysis tools for each image and sa
33. without overloading the camera Fill in a new value in the Frame Rate edit box and press Change Rate to do this The current maximum recommended frame rate is shown above the button Even if the camera doesn t get overloaded your computer can still have difficulties with high frame rates If you should happen to increase the frame size without remembering to reduce the frame rate ThermaCAM Researcher Professional will reduce it to 5 Hz for you If the camera somehow was set to conditions overloading the computer use the Normalised Connection alternative on the Camera menu to reset them when you connect the camera The Camera Info button brings up a dialog window with information from the calibra tion of the camera The Device Status button shows information regarding the connection to the camera The HSDR tab will only show up if a ThermaCAM Researcher HSDR module is in stalled on the computer The High Speed Data Recorder is a unit which captures a very high speed raw pixel data stream from the camera and stores it directly on disk The recording can afterwards be converted into an image format suitable for Therma CAM Researcher The camera calibration will then be preserved You must pair the camera to the HSDR before you can begin using the HSDR Con troller software to make HSDR recording It is not a very good idea to change the Frame Size setting in ThermaCAM Re searcher Professional when you have precious data stor
34. 0 69 4 Iron and steel rusty red 20 T 0 69 1 Iron and steel shiny etched 150 T 0 16 1 Iron and steel shiny oxide layer 20 T 0 82 1 sheet Iron and steel wrought carefully 40 250 T 0 28 1 polished Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 LW 0 85 9 Iron galvanized heavily oxidized 70 SW 0 64 9 Iron galvanized sheet 92 T 0 07 4 Iron galvanized sheet burnished 30 P 0 23 1 Iron galvanized sheet oxidized 20 1h 0 28 1 144 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Iron tinned sheet 24 T 0 064 4 Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room temperature LW Ca 0 96 12 black 1602 up to 175 Krylon Ultra flat Flat black Room temperature MW Ca 0 97 12 black 1602 up to 175 Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 on Aluminum Lacquer 3 colors sprayed 70 SW 0 50 0 53 9 on Aluminum Lacquer Aluminum on 20 T 0 4 1 rough surface Lacquer bakelite 80 T 0 83 1 Lacquer black dull 40 100 T 0 96 0 98 1 Lacquer black matte 100 T 0 97 2 Lacquer black shiny 20 T 0 87 1 sprayed on iron Lacquer heat resistant 100 T 0 92 1 Lacquer white 40 100 T 0 8 0 95 1 Lacquer white 100 T 0 92 2 Lead oxidized gray 20 T 0 28 1 Lead oxidized gray 22 T 0 28 4 Lead oxidized at 200 C 200 T 0 63 1 Lead shiny 250 T 0 08 1 Lead unoxidized pol 100 T 0 05 4 ished Lead red 100 T 0 93 4 Lead red powder 100 T 0 93 1 Leather tanned T 0 75 0 80 1 Lime T 0 3 0 4 1 Magnesium 22 T 0 07 4 Magnesium 260 T
35. 03 a2 Figure 6 55 Image settings toolbar button The temperature unit is also used in the temperature scale 62 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10427803 a1 Image Scale Object Parameters Analysis Units Text Comment Distance Temperature Metre Celsius C Foot C Fahrenheit C Kelvin Preferred Output Temperature C Object Signal Figure 6 56 Settings dialog box From the same dialog box you can also set the preferred measurement output mm The Temperature value is calibrated with a set of reference blackbodies Object signal is a non calibrated value approximately proportional to the amount of radiation sensed by the detector It will change from camera to camera and be tween the measurement ranges 6 8 15 Inheriting the analysis tools of cameras Some versions of some cameras are equipped with analysis tools When such a camera is electrically connected to ThermaCAM Researcher Professional none of them are transferred to the PC only the image However if there is a PC Card hard disk in the camera you can store images on it and move the PC Card disk to the PC open the images and in some cases get the analysis tools transferred You only need to release the following button on the Play images toolbar in order to see the analysis tools stored in each image 10424803 a2 t Figure 6 57 Tool button used when inheriting analysis tools from
36. 488 E mail IRCanada flir com Web www flir com CHINA FLIR Systems Beijing Representative Office Room 509 Building C Vantone Center No A 6 Chaoyangmenwai Ave Chaoyang District Beijing 100020 PRG Phone 86 10 5979 7755 Fax 86 10 8532 2460 E mail beijing flir com cn Web www flir com CHINA FLIR Systems Shanghai Representative Office Room 6311 West Building Jin Jiang Hotel 59 Maoming Road South Shanghai 200020 PRC Phone 86 21 5466 0286 Fax 86 21 5466 0289 E mail shanghai flir com cn Web www flir com CHINA FLIR Systems Guangzhou Representative Office 1105 Main Tower Guang Dong International Hotel 339 Huanshi Dong Road Guangzhou 510098 PREG Phone 86 20 8333 7492 Fax 86 20 8331 0976 E mail guangzhou flir com cn Web www flir com FRANCE FLIR Systems 10 rue Guynemer 92130 Issy les Moulineaux Cedex FRANCE Phone 33 0 1 41 33 97 97 Fax 33 0 1 47 36 18 32 E mail info flir fr Web www flir com GERMANY FLIR Systems Berner Strasse 81 D 60437 Frankfurt am Main GERMANY Phone 49 0 69 95 00 900 Fax 49 0 69 95 00 9040 E mail info flir de Web www flir com GREAT BRITAIN FLIR Systems 2 Kings Hill Avenue Kings Hill West Malling Kent ME19 4AQ UNITED KINGDOM Phone 44 0 1732 220 011 Fax 44 0 1732 843 707 E mail sales flir uk com Web www flir com HONG KONG FLIR Systems Room 1613 15 Tower 2 Grand Central Plaza 138
37. 7 VCR style playback buttons Stop in the middle A control by which the replay rate is controlled 1 means full speed from disk a 2 means twice full disk speed i e every other image is not shown 2 means half full speed Auto rewind button Lock temperature scale button Lock object parameters button Lock analysis tools button Lock zoom factor button The Lock buttons will when pressed let you keep the same temperature scale object parameters analysis tools zoom factor for all images being replayed regardless of what is stored inside the images When you depress these buttons the information of the images will be used instead Second row Current image time frame trig count First image time frame trig count Slider Move fast within your image sequence The first image is to the left Last image time frame trig count The time frame trig count field depends on the Presentation selection in Replay Settings in the Recording menu It is either abso lute image time relative time to first frame frame number or trig count Set selection start Set selection end Start is always to the left of End The slider will highlight the selected area within the sequence with a blue color Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 17 5 About the program 5 6 3 Recording toolbar 10418203 a2 pizwonde seO gt rco bunnFe bd ioo spood n E Too buon 5 Figure 5 7 Recording toolbar Left to r
38. 7203 a1 Copy Selection Output directory C Documents and Settings mbrobera My Documents Output name Base name Same as source Output format Bmp Options OK Figure 6 35 Copy selection dialog box Set the output directory output name and options of preferred output format and click OK to start the copy Depending on the size of the selection this operation may also take several minutes SEE ALSO For more information about output formats see section a 6 8 16 Studying whole images on page 63 SAF Standard Archive Format files can only be created if all the selected images belong to the same sequence The created images will get the following file name extensions stmov inc and pod respectively if a sequence or part of a sequence is saved sfimg if one image in a sequence is saved If you click the options button when the output format is AVI you will be able to set the AVI codec to other This in turn causes the Copy Selection dialog box to show the following dialog box when you click its OK button 46 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10427303 a1 AVI Options Video compression Codec Microsoft Video 1 C Other Video image size C Small Medium C Large Frame rate 15 Cancel Figure 6 36 AVI options dialog box Here you can choose among the compressors installed in your computer and configure the
39. Any text that follows the expression will be displayed as is in the field connected to the formula For instance your expression may be sp1 value dobj meters 6 8 7 Removal of analysis tools You remove analysis tools by clicking the removal tool in the analysis tool box down i e the red X You then move the mouse to an analysis tool and click to remove it All analysis tools including line cursors and isotherms can be removed in this way If you happen to click this button by mistake click on it again to deactivate the function In the Image menu there is a command that will remove all the active analysis tools formulas excluded at once All the active formulas may be removed by a separate command in the Image menu 6 8 8 Analysis tool styles and object parameters You can affect the way in which analysis tools appear in the image You can also change some of the object parameters used Click this button to bring up the Image Settings dialog box or select Settings from the Image menu 10423803 a2 Figure 6 44 Image settings toolbar button The Analysis tab looks like this 10427603 a1 Image Scale Object Parameters Analysis Unis Text Comment y c Emme Label Own Object Parameters SP01 Emissivity Temperature Distance I Solid label fo po Transparent isotherm Cancel Figure 6 45 Analysis tab of the Image settings dialog box First use the list in the t
40. Camera Control 26 6 2 3 SC4000 SC6000 Camera Control ssssssssseeeeeneennnenenn 28 6 2 4 About connection difficulties sssssssseseeenneenennnnns 30 6 3 Flow to display an IR image RRREPEPREDEREPHUEIIP EUER 30 6 3 1 Obtaining a good IR image eseseseseseesrsrsrsrsrsrsrsnssssereresererenenenenenenesesesesesrernrnre 30 6 3 2 Transferring an IR image with OLE 33 6 4 How to trigger ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from outside 33 6 4 1 External trig using the parallel interface or IRFlashLink 33 6 4 2 External trig using FireWire Ethernet ssssseeennes 34 6 4 3 External trig using the serial port sssssssenm e 34 6 4 4 External trig using the printer port ssssse n 34 6 5 How to record IR Images ee ere e ter Spr Maaa A EERE rA 34 6 5 1 Recording toolbar 35 6 5 2 Recording Conditions dialog box 96 6 5 3 Full burst recording of images sssssseeeeennennennnnnnnnnnns 37 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 ix 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 6 5 4 HSDR recording of images serrenda eonna ariar EEan IAN trente tnn tnnt 37 6 5 5 OLE Automation recording of images 38 6 5 6 Recording with text comments 38 How to play back images 39 6 6 1 Open images dialog DOX
41. D 2 3 4 10m 100m 1km 10 nm 1mm 10mm 100mm 1m 2um 13 um Figure 16 1 The electromagnetic spectrum 1 X ray 2 UV 3 Visible 4 IR 5 Microwaves 6 Radiowaves Thermography makes use of the infrared spectral band At the short wavelength end the boundary lies at the limit of visual perception in the deep red At the long wave length end it merges with the microwave radio wavelengths in the millimeter range The infrared band is often further subdivided into four smaller bands the boundaries of which are also arbitrarily chosen They include the near infrared 0 75 3 um the middle infrared 3 6 um the far infrared 6 15 jum and the extreme infrared 15 100 Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 121 16 Theory of thermography um Although the wavelengths are given in um micrometers other units are often still used to measure wavelength in this spectral region e g nanometer nm and ngstr m A The relationships between the different wavelength measurements is 10 000 1 000 nm 1 u 1 um 16 3 Blackbody radiation A blackbody is defined as an object which absorbs all radiation that impinges on it at any wavelength The apparent misnomer black relating to an object emitting radia tion is explained by Kirchhoff s Law after Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 which states that a body capable of absorbing all radiation at any wavelength is equally
42. EE floating point number sign 23 bit mantissa 8 bit exponent Representing numbers in the range 1038 Char lt len gt Len 8 bit ASCII character string most certainly terminated with the NUL character 0 Int 32 bit 32 bit integer 2 s complement Multiple byte data types are stored with the least significant byte first 6 8 18 1 The whole header data structure size 892 bytes typedef struct FPF IMAGE DATA T imgData FPF CAMDATA T camData FPF OBJECT PAR T objPar FPF DATETIME T datetime FPF SCALING T scaling long spareLong 32 0 FPFHEADER T 6 8 18 2 The image data structure 120 bytes typedef struct char fpfID 32 FLIR Public Image Format unsigned long version 22 unsigned long pixelOffset Offset to pixel values from start of fpfID unsigned short ImageType Temperature 0 Diff Temp 2 Object Signal 4 Diff Object Signal 5 etc unsigned short pixelFormat 0 short integer 2 bytes 1 long integer 4 bytes 2 float 4 bytes 66 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 3 double 8 bytes unsigned short xSize unsigned short ySize unsigned long trig count external trig counter unsigned long frame count frame number in sequence long spareLong 16 0 FPF IMAGE DATA T 6 8 18 3 The camera data structure 360 bytes String lengths define FPF CAMERA TYPE LEN 31
43. From left to right Create a new session Open an existing session Open add images to the current session Save the current session using the current name 10417803 a2 Ba i S Figure 5 3 Standard toolbar continued From left to right Copy the session file and the current image to the clipboard Copy values such as analysis results as text to the clipboard Paste a copied session into ThermaCAM Researcher Professional The name of the session is not pasted Print the current image fe amp c eue e Figure 5 4 Standard toolbar continued From left to right Select disk images as the image source Select the live camera as the image source Move the camera focus towards infinity Autofocus the camera Move the camera focus towards the lens Switch on the function automatic adjustment of the image scale Freeze the live stream of images from the camera Bring up the image settings dialog box Bring up the palette selection dialog box 10418003 a2 Figure 5 5 Standard toolbar continued Bring help from the manual 16 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 About the program 5 6 2 Play images toolbar 10418103 a2 F fbact4e 3 eat61 Mi f fim gt Hifi Gl abl oes m 83505470 8 34 24 620 rE REN 83640788 mf A Figure 5 6 Play images toolbar Top row Show second row ON OFF Name of the current image You may type a name or number in this field
44. Image Files Source Image Reference Image C Documents and S lmages LAMP HAL IMG Pull to preview No offset Output Image Calculated Subtract00 SEQ 1 Save output Cancel Settings Figure 6 37 Subtract selected image files dialog box On the dialog box shown you can see most of the settings of the subtraction function and also preview the subtraction by slowly pulling the slider No images will be saved on disk until you click the Save output button The source images shown in the upper left corner are the ones you selected before starting the subtraction The reference image is displayed in the upper right corner and the resulting image in the bottom left Click Settings to view the Settings dialog box 48 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10422503 a1 Subtraction Reference Output Version Inverted Subtraction Reference Source Image Output scale C 2 C Calculated C D Symmetrical Apply offset C Atmospheric difference None Figure 6 38 Subtraction tab of Settings dialog box The first tab contains settings for the actual subtraction algorithm You can invert the result force a particular output scale and apply an offset in case your images were taken under very different atmospheric conditions 10422603 a1 Settings Subtraction Reference Output Version Use first selected Source image as
45. Merlin QWIP Merlin MID InSb Omega UL3 uncooled microbolometer Phoenix camera with RTIE backend electronics ThermoVision A320 10574003 a1 Digital video Parallel 308 0038 00 Serial 308 0037 00 421 0019 00 100 1000baseT Ethernet Interface N Merlin Phoenix Kit 421 0018 00 PT1000 ID Indigo camera incl Power 316 0015 01 i 100 1000baseT Lr Ethernet Interface A Omega Kit 308 0040 00 Cat 5 TPE Cable Cat 5 TPE Cable p General Figure 10 1 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp Indigo Merlin Omega Phoenix system parts Power Supply 3 PCI or LOM Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 93 10 Standard Ethernet interface configuration 10771903 a1 The Cat 6 cable is required for Power Over Ethernet usage a5 eel O ThermoVision A320 Cat 6 TPE Cable 1910 585 aan Boren bud Cat 6 TPE Cable PCI or LOM Figure 10 2 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp ThermoVision A320 system parts Necessary parts Any network interface supporting at least Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit s An iPortTM PT1000 IDG frame grabber with firmware version 3 8 or later A standard CAT5 Ethernet cable up to 100 meters without intervening hardware Cable to connect camera with the iPortTM frame grabber ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM not shown A desktop or laptop computer
46. Port T1000 IDG Cat 6 STP Cable INSIEREHOQU NIC PCI or LOM 421 0018 00 100 1000baseT Ethernet Interface Omega Kit 316 0015 01 308 0040 00 Power Supply Figure 9 2 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp Indigo Omega system parts 10570203 a4 423 0001 07 Parallel digital video 308 0038 00 Electronics 3 316 0015 01 306 0001 00 m Supply Intel Pro 1000 ni Pi LOM NIC CI o Cat 6 STP Cable 421 0019 00 100 1000baseT Ethernet Interface Merlin Phoenix Kit 308 0040 00 Power Supply 3 Figure 9 3 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp Indigo Phoenix system parts 88 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration 10772003 a1 M O ThermoVision A320 1 l Cat 6 TPE Cable 1 910 585 Power Supply 3 Cat 6 TPE Cable PCI or LOM Figure 9 4 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp ThermoVision A320G system parts Necessary parts Intel PRO 1000 compatible Network Interface Card NIC in the PC An iPort PT1000 IDG frame grabber with firmware version 3 8 or later p n 316 0015 01 A standard CAT6 STP Ethernet cable up to 100 meters without intervening hard ware Cable to connect Merlin with the iPort frame grabber p n 308 0038 00 or a cable to connect Omega with the
47. Reduction Low Auto shutter Int Image Corr Focus Connected Qo Figure 6 9 ThermaCAM S series FireWire dialog box If some button is disabled on your camera control it is because your particular camera does not support that function The selected Measurement Range should cover the expected measurement temper atures The range limits are blackbody temperatures so if your measurement target has a shiny surface with a low emissivity you will be able to make measurements above the range limits If you click the Int Image Correction button on the Camera Control panel the camera will respond by making a rather heavy clicking sound when the internal shutter is pulled and adjust its own temperature scale once to the current image It is highly 26 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials recommended to use the Int Image Correction function now and then since it im proves the image quality Select the Auto shutter option if you want an automatic in ternal image correction This automated process can be disabled as it may affect the recording of images When you switch it off a warning will appear on the status field ofthe control This warning will become red if you leave it switched off for a long time NOTE There is a related function in the Image menu on the standard toolbar and on the scaling toolbar That function is called Auto Adjust It will continuously adjus
48. Reference C Consecutive subtraction C Separate Reference image GEER EM Figure 6 39 Reference tab of Settings dialog box The second tab contains settings for the reference image You can either use the first selected source image as your reference or perform consecutive subtractions or use a separate reference image In the last case use the Open button to open your image and the slider to find it if it is inside a sequence Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 49 6 Tutorials 10422703 a1 Subtraction Reference Output Version Base name v Images in one file When finished Open and select the output images r Apply palette ig Figure 6 40 Output tab of Settings dialog box In the output tab you can set the name base for the output images A number will be appended to the base to make the name unique When the subtraction is finished you can at will open and select the output images close all previous source images and a new palette to the images There are two special purpose subtraction palettes Midgrey and Midgreen Since the O level of a difference image normally is in the middle of the scale there has to be a neutral color for that value Click OK to return to the Subtraction dialog box Now click Save Output to get the subtraction going While the images are being subtracted a progress bar is being displayed When the subtracti
49. SC6000 cameras a high speed data recording unit can be installed It is enabled by the SC4000 SC6000 camera control Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 37 6 Tutorials SEE ALSO For more information about the SC4000 SC6000 camera control see section 6 2 3 SC4000 SC6000 Camera Control on page 28 6 5 5 OLE Automation recording of images If you intend to record images at a slow or irregular rate or wish to switch off switch on a Stirling cooler or to perform an internal correction of the camera before each shot then OLE automation controlled recording will be your natural choice You need to have another program available with a Visual Basic for Applications VBA macro language capability that can give orders to ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional Here is an example for Microsoft Excel in which 20 images are recorded to disk using a 15 second time interval Sub SaveIR Dim sess As Object Dim counter As Integer Set sess GetObject C Program Files Research Ole irs Counter 0 Do While counter lt 20 counter counter 1 sess RecordOneImage Application Wait Now TimeValue 00 00 15 Loop End Sub 6 5 6 Recording with text comments 10431303 a1 ThermaCAM Firewire x Dev Bm Text F 2 Text comments for recording Label Value soon w oen Connected Qo Figure 6 22 Recording conditions dialog box You can add text comments to the imag
50. Shatin Rural Committee Rd Shatin N T HONG KONG Phone 852 27 92 89 55 Fax 852 27 92 89 52 E mail flir flir com hk Web www flir com ITALY FLIR Systems Via L Manara 2 20051 Limbiate MI ITALY Phone 39 02 99 45 10 01 Fax 39 02 99 69 24 08 E mail info flir it Web www flir com FLIR JAPAN FLIR SYSTEMS Japan KK Nishi Gotanda Access 8F 3 6 20 Nishi Gotanda Shinagawa Ku Tokyo 141 0031 JAPAN Phone 81 3 6277 5681 Fax 81 3 6277 5682 E mail info flir jp Web www flir com SWEDEN FLIR Systems Worldwide Thermography Center P O Box 3 SE 182 11 Danderyd SWEDEN Phone 46 0 8 753 25 00 Fax 46 0 8 753 23 64 E mail sales flir se Web www flir com USA FLIR Systems Corporate headquarters 27700A SW Parkway Avenue Wilsonville OR 97070 USA Phone 1 503 498 3547 Web www flir com USA Primary sales amp service contact in USA FLIR Systems USA Thermography Center 25 Esquire Road North Billerica MA 01862 USA Phone 1 978 901 8000 Fax 1 978 901 8887 E mail marketing flir com Web www flir com USA FLIR Systems Indigo Operations 70 Castilian Dr Goleta CA 93117 3027 USA Phone 1 805 964 9797 Fax 1 805 685 2711 E mail cbi flir com Web www corebyindigo com USA FLIR Systems Indigo Operations IAS Facility 701 John Sims Parkway East Suite 2B Niceville FL 32578 USA Phone 1 850 678 4503 Fax 1 850 678 4992 E mail
51. Therma CAM Researcher Professional first before the installing the camera interface device drivers but that order is only required for Windows 98 4 1 1 Requirements ThermaCAM Researcher Professional runs on Windows 2000 Windows XP 32 bit edition and Windows Vista 32 bit edition ThermaCAM Researcher Professional might also run on Windows 98 ME Windows NT 4 0 service pack 3 or higher but full functionality and performance cannot be expected The following exceptions exist The FireWire interface for image frame grabbing as well as ThermoVision A320 require Direct X 8 1 or higher Since the FireWire technology is quite new to Windows we recommend that the most recent service packs and Windows updates are installed on Windows 2000 and Windows XP Updates from the computer manufacturer web site may also be required There is no support for the FireWire interface on Windows NT 4 0 and Windows 98 first edition The IRFlashLink Frame Grabber requires Windows 2000 XP or NT 4 Maximum speed image recording burst recording is only possible if the speed of the hard disk I O is sufficient If you intend to use IDE Ultra DMA 100 disks you have to have at least Windows XP or service pack 2 of Windows 2000 to make them work Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 7 4 Installation f you install a PC Card interface on Windows NT 4 0 you will also need the CardWare softw
52. User s manual ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Professional edition Version 2 9 Publ No T559009 Revision a 1387 nglish EN Issue date August 28 2009 Notice to user Customer help Welcome Installation About the program Tutorials Menu commands FireWire configuration Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration Standard Ethernet interface configuration Disk management OLE tricks amp tips Thermographic measurement techniques About FLIR Systems History of infrared technology Theory of thermography The measurement formula Emissivity tables ThermaCAM Researcher Professional User s manual License number Publ No T559009 Rev a387 E NGLISH EN August 28 2009 Legal disclaimer All products manufactured by FLIR Systems are warranted against defective materials and workmanship for a period of one 1 year from the delivery date of the original purchase provided such products have been under normal storage use and service and in accordance with FLIR Systems instruction All products not manufactured by FLIR Systems included in systems delivered by FLIR Systems to the original purchaser carry the warranty if any of the particular supplier only and FLIR Systems has no responsibility whatsoever for such products The warranty extends only to the original purchaser and is not transferable It is not applicable to any prod
53. W products by the corresponding U according to the same equation and get Equation 3 Uo ETU gb Se Ue LU atm Solve Equation 3 for Up Equation 4 132 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 17 The measurement formula 1 1 1 Us U rg Ug U atm ET ET This is the general measurement formula used in all the FLIR Systems thermographic equipment The voltages of the formula are Figure 17 2 Voltages Calculated camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature T pj i e a voltage that can be directly converted into true requested object temperature Measured camera output voltage for the actual case Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tes according to the calibration Theoretical camera output voltage for a blackbody of temperature Tatm according to the calibration The operator has to supply a number of parameter values for the calculation the object emittance the relative humidity Tatm object distance Dopj the effective temperature of the object surroundings or the reflected ambient temperature Taf and the temperature of the atmosphere Tatm This task could sometimes be a heavy burden for the operator since there are normally no easy ways to find accurate values of emittance and atmospheric transmittance for the actual case The two temperatures are normally less of a problem provided the surroundings d
54. a single image The analysis tools will show their results in the result table plot profile or histogram window or directly inside the IR image Results are also available through the OLE functions such as Copy Value Both absolute measurements i e the result is a real temperature and relative mea surements i e the result is a difference temperature can be made The relative measurements are made relative to the reference temperature that you can enter in the dialog box Image Settings in the Image menu the Object Parameters tab Relative measurements are only available for some camera types The analysis tools work both with live images and recorded images The analysis tools are applied by activation of one toolbar button at a time These are in this toolbar amp a o a uje x Figure 6 41 Analysis toolbar buttons When you click on one of these buttons except the formula button it will stay de pressed until you have dragged the analysis tool inside the IR image or the color scale If you change your mind click on the button again and it will pop up If you hold the CRTL button of the keyboard down while placing the tool on the image the button will stay down and you will be able to continue adding another tool of the same kind The removal button works in the same way Once the symbols have been drawn you get the opportunity to bring up a menu for each symbol by hovering with the mouse cursor above the symbo
55. able that military interest in the image converter eventually faded The tactical military disadvantages of so called active i e search beam equipped thermal imaging systems provided impetus following the 1939 45 war for extensive secret military infrared research programs into the possibilities of developing passive no search beam systems around the extremely sensitive photon detector During this period military secrecy regulations completely prevented disclosure of the status of infrared imaging technology This secrecy only began to be lifted in the middle of the 1950 s and from that time adequate thermal imaging devices finally began to be available to civilian science and industry 120 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 16 Theory of thermography 16 1 Introduction The subjects of infrared radiation and the related technique of thermography are still new to many who will use an infrared camera In this section the theory behind ther mography will be given 16 2 The electromagnetic spectrum The electromagnetic spectrum is divided arbitrarily into a number of wavelength re gions called bands distinguished by the methods used to produce and detect the radiation There is no fundamental difference between radiation in the different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum They are all governed by the same laws and the only differences are those due to differences in wavelength 10067803 a1
56. able to make accurate measurements under such circumstances you have to use the right spectral filters 13 8 Units of measure Thermography really means making images of thermal surface property variations of objects The most natural property to measure is of course temperature which has the units Celsius Fahrenheit and Kelvin in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Another interesting property is the total amount of radiation emitted from the object but since the infrared camera is sensitive only to parts of the spectrum no accurate such measurement can be made Hence no standardised unit is available for radiation display Instead the non calibrated unit object signal abbreviated OS has been in vented Being approximately proportional to the amount of radiation sensed by the 110 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 13 Thermographic measurement techniques camera detector it can be used for comparative radiation measurements within the same measurement range for the same camera If you intend to use it in some other way you have to provide a calibration of your own Some measurements such as the standard deviation produce a result which best could be described as a difference temperature or difference object signal They involve a subtraction which cancels out the existing absolute level A standard devi ation of 2 5 at 25 C is the same thing as a standard deviation of 2 5 at 50 C In such ca
57. alling the FireWire camera driver software 8 4 1 General instrictioris x t en eiim d ca vede eoe dee enis 8 4 2 a IRTe ol MT TS 8 4 3 Windows 2000 XP curet aee ak ak a ee ee ts 8 4 4 WiridoWs 98SE ME oet recte ete nr ven X e e x d Ee X EE Re eee 8 5 Troubleshooting the FireWire installation sseseen n Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration sess 87 9 1 System parts Gigabit Ethernet interface ssssssssssssseeeeetn 87 9 2 Software limitations c reete err Rr ee deine sede es 89 9 8 PC recommendations 9 4 Installing driver software for the Gigabit Ethernet interface 89 9 4 1 Windows 2000 XP Vista 9 4 2 Windows 95 98 ME NT 4 0 9 5 Troubleshooting the Gigabit Ethernet interface installation ssessssss 91 Standard Ethernet interface configuration sse 93 10 1 System parts Standard Ethernet interface configuration ssssssss 93 10 25 Software limitations 21 592 2 teinte te eee eene irte rat nitri a 94 10 3 PG recommendations u c cite iore ret EEE enc d ec ro ha ned A a naa ats 94 10 4 Ethernet bandwidth requirements sess 94 10 5 Troubleshooting the standard Ethernet interface installation ssessssss 95 Disk management amidi ia cde Leia devia nh Dei mec ia e e eL Den v
58. are version 6 00 007 or higher from Unicore Software Inc www unicore com The Gigabit Ethernet interface requires a network interface compatible with the Intel 82540 network chip for optimum performance Intel 82541 and 82546 are also ac ceptable The PC Card IC2 DIG16 and IRFlashLink interfaces cannot be combined with usage of the ThermoVision SC4000 SC6000 A320 A320G cameras and cannot be installed on Windows Vista For the Gigabit Ethernet interface Windows 2000 XP or Vista is required 4 1 2 Installing ThermaCAM Researcher Professional We recommend that you first close all applications running on your computer except for antivirus and firewall software If you have Windows NT 4 0 2000 or XP please log in as the Administrator during the installations 4 1 2 1 Installation of the application software ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is installed by an installation utility program It will guide you through the installation steps and do most of the work Just insert the CD ROM and choose to start the installation of ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional from the installation window that appears During the installation you will be asked to type in the license number Your license number is unique and can be found on the first page of the manual The directory structure of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is pre set The only adaptation you can make to it is to change the name of the directory in w
59. ast unworked 900 1100 T 0 87 0 95 Iron and steel cold rolled 70 LW 0 09 Iron and steel cold rolled 70 SW 0 20 Iron and steel covered with red 20 T 0 61 0 85 rust Iron and steel electrolytic 22 T 0 05 Iron and steel electrolytic 100 T 0 05 Iron and steel electrolytic 260 T 0 07 Iron and steel electrolytic careful 175 225 T 0 05 0 06 ly polished Iron and steel freshly worked 20 T 0 24 with emery Iron and steel ground sheet 950 1100 Ji 0 55 0 61 Iron and steel heavily rusted 20 T 0 69 sheet Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 1438 18 Emissivity tables Iron and steel hot rolled 20 T 0 77 1 Iron and steel hot rolled 130 T 0 60 1 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0 74 1 Iron and steel oxidized 100 T 0 74 4 Iron and steel oxidized 125 525 T 0 78 0 82 1 Iron and steel oxidized 200 RD 0 79 2 Iron and steel oxidized 1227 T 0 89 4 Iron and steel oxidized 200 600 RD 0 80 1 Iron and steel oxidized strongly 50 T 0 88 1 Iron and steel oxidized strongly 500 P 0 98 1 Iron and steel polished 100 T 0 07 2 Iron and steel polished 400 1000 T 0 14 0 38 1 Iron and steel polished sheet 750 1050 JT 0 52 0 56 1 Iron and steel rolled freshly 20 T 0 24 1 Iron and steel rolled sheet 50 T 0 56 1 Iron and steel rough plane sur 50 T 0 95 0 98 1 face Iron and steel rusted heavily 17 SW 0 96 5 Iron and steel rusted red sheet 22 T
60. at these parameter values become correct Otherwise the scale temperatures and displayed colors will be wrong The image parts for which the object parameters are wrong will get incorrect temperatures and colors The measurement functions have object parameters of their own which are used to handle the case when there are two different targets in the same image SEE ALSO To calculate the emissivity of an object see section a 6 8 9 Emissivity calculation on page 59 If the colors of the image are inappropriate you can change them The selection Palette toolbar button will bring up a dialog box with the palettes available 10420103 a1 Figure 6 14 Palette toolbar button Contrary to what you might think the Show saturation colors option enables specific coloring of image points which are outside the current temperature scale The Show out of range colors option enables specific coloring of image points which are outside the detectable range of the camera You can change the temperature scale with this control bar Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 31 6 Tutorials 10420203 a2 as i5 L E 1 map Figure 6 15 Control bar You can use the slider to search for a good scale or to set fixed limits Remember that the maximum temperature always has to exceed the minimum temperature Click on the input fields if you want to edit them and hit the ENTER key afterwards If you sele
61. atLab matrix format The bi nary file begins with five 4 byte integers structure This is how it is described in C typedef struct MatLab file header level 1 0 long type 0 Intel type long mRows Image height long nCols Image width long imagF 0 No imaginary part long namLen Length of the matrix name 1 MatLabHeader This is followed by the name of the matrix which corresponds to the name of the mat file This name must begin with a letter and not contain any strange character for MatLab to be able to read the file In MatLab 7 this name can not have more than 7 characters The name is followed by nCols mRows 8 byte double precision float numbers each containing the current value of one point in the image column by column XXXX 1 1 Top left corner of the image The image value matrix is followed by four extra one column matrices containing data about the stored image Each matrix is preceded by a 20 byte Matlab header of the same format as the file header Example for image named XXXX MAT typedef struct MatLab header level 1 0 long type 0 Intel type long mRows 7 Matrix height long nCols 1 Matrix width long imagF 0 No imaginary part long namLen 14 Length of the matrix name 1 MatLabHeader XXXX DateTime 1 1 Year XXXX_DateTime 1 2 Month XXXX DateTime 1 3 Day XXXX DateTime 1 4 Hour 64 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009
62. ata connections have been disabled Options If you click on the options button a dialog is displayed allowing you to enable the connections Excel 2007 will start ThermaCAM Researcher Professional in advance even before you double click on the embedding This can cause problems when you connect to the camera When you double click on the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional embedding its links will still not automatically go live Choose Data Edit links from the Excel menu In the Edit links dialog press Ctrl A to select all the links of the sheet and click on Update Values Close the dialog If you want to open a workbook that contains a data connection without receiving security warnings you have to change the settings of the Trust Center To find it click the Ea button and select Excel options and Trust Center In the Trust Center External Content tab there is a Security Setting for Workbook Links that you can enable if you like Microsoft does not recommend this Another way to open a workbook that contains a data connection without receiving security warnings is to put the file in a Trusted Location listed on the Trusted Locations tab of the Trust Center Microsoft does not recommend adding the whole of My Documents to this list 104 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 13 Thermographic measurement techniques 13 1 Introduction An infrared camera measures and images the emitted infrared rad
63. ata using OLE The profile of each line or area is available in table form if you select String data for a line from the Copy Value dialog box of the Edit menu In the receiving application for example Microsoft Excel select Edit gt Paste Special You can also right click inside the profile window and select Copy When pasting choose either Text or Picture Enhanced Metafile The Text option copies the profile table contents and the Picture option copies the entire profile in graphical format 6 11 How to study temperature distributions 6 11 1 Obtaining a histogram The easiest way to assess the distribution of temperatures within an area or along a line on the image is to look at the histogram which displays how much of the area line that is occupied by a certain temperature interval You simply put the area line on the image and switch over to the histogram window Below the bar graph there is a table in which you select which analysis tool to display 10426403 a1 le f 10 20 30 4018 Label Wes Above Below a fuit 710 2657 73333 iio 67 0 65 32 3468 ARDT 65 0 9435 5 65 E lOLome Figure 6 65 A histogram example Figure 6 66 Explanations of callouts The percentage value for each class Underflow class marked by a blue line by the scale Class temperature limits Histogram table indicating the active histogram Overflow class marked by a red line by Chart area the scale Th
64. ay for instance 00 00 05 Images can be stored either At highest possible speed This means that no images will be displayed during the recording unless you select the Enable Image Presentation option That will however reduce the recording speed At HH MM SS interval Example 00 05 30 At key trig F5 This choice will disable the start or stop conditions At image interval Example Using 2 will skip two images between recordings At external trig The recordings will stop when the stop condition is reached The following possibilities exist 36 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Tool button F5 The flag button is always active during a recording After XX stored image s Fill in the number desired like this 88 After time interval HH MM SS At external trig plus a specified delay for example 00 00 05 SEE ALSO For more information about how to connect an external trig see section 6 4 How to trigger ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from outside on page 33 You might find it a bit difficult to get your recording conditions right for SC3000 cam eras At the higher speeds than 50 60 Hz the camera puts several images into every normal speed image sent to the frame grabber The frame grabber will still grab its images in the normal way throwing away the extra information sent by the camera You will only get hold of the high speed images when using At highest speed re
65. bit Ethernet Phoenix 60 Hz Resolution 640 x 512 400 Mbit s Use Gigabit Ethernet 10 5 Troubleshooting the standard Ethernet interface installation To work properly the configuration needs Windows 2000 XP Vista 32 bit Any network interface supporting at least Fast Ethernet 100 Mbit s An iPortTM PT1000 IDG frame grabber with firmware version 3 8 or later A Pentium 4 computer with a clock rate of 1 4 GHz or more At least 512 MB RAM A successful installation of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Select Ethernet as Type of connection in the Select camera dialog box NetBIOS enabled on the TCP IP connection to the camera Proper settings if you have a firewall in your computer Reliable cables and electrical connections A camera equipped and configured for digital output An IP number assigned to the interface An IP number assigned to the camera SEE ALSO For more information see the following documents on the CD a Installation Hints Publ No 1559004 System configurations Publ No 1 557 783 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 95 10 Standard Ethernet interface configuration INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 96 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 11 Disk management 11 1 About Ultra DMA and SATA disks When the IC2 DIG 16 or IRFlashLink frame grabber the FireWire interface or one of the Ethernet interfaces is used to record images a
66. camera 6 8 16 Studying whole images Users of MatLab or Microsoft Excel will find it convenient to be able to study images themselves The selection Save As in the Image menu leads to a dialog box in which the current image can be saved in various formats MatLab format with one double precision value for each element of the image FLIR Public Format file format with one single precision value for each element of the image BMP bitmap format with or without analysis Can only be used to view the images Publ No 1559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 63 6 Tutorials CSV comma separated value format The temperatures of the whole image is stored in a text format that Microsoft Excel can read The character that separates the temperatures in the file is fetched from the Windows regional settings SAF Standard Archive Format was created for flexible and extensible use in data archiving Although the data may be in ASCII or one or several binary formats the file header is plain ASCII text and therefore human readable SEE ALSO For more information see section 6 8 17 Studying whole images with MatLab on page 64 a 6 8 18 FLIR Public image format on page 65 There is also the Save Tab As command in the File menu which saves the current tab i e both the image and the adjacent graphs as a bitmap file 6 8 17 Studying whole images with MatLab ThermaCAM Researcher Professional uses a simple M
67. capable in the emission of radiation 10398803 a1 Figure 16 2 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff 1824 1887 The construction of a blackbody source is in principle very simple The radiation characteristics of an aperture in an isotherm cavity made of an opaque absorbing material represents almost exactly the properties of a blackbody A practical application of the principle to the construction of a perfect absorber of radiation consists of a box that is light tight except for an aperture in one of the sides Any radiation which then enters the hole is scattered and absorbed by repeated reflections so only an infinites imal fraction can possibly escape The blackness which is obtained at the aperture is nearly equal to a blackbody and almost perfect for all wavelengths By providing such an isothermal cavity with a suitable heater it becomes what is termed a cavity radiator An isothermal cavity heated to a uniform temperature gener ates blackbody radiation the characteristics of which are determined solely by the temperature of the cavity Such cavity radiators are commonly used as sources of radiation in temperature reference standards in the laboratory for calibrating thermo graphic instruments such as a FLIR Systems camera for example 122 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 16 Theory of thermography If the temperature of blackbody radiation increases to more than 525 C 977 F the Uum source begins to be vis
68. cher Professional To start the replay of the recorded images in the current copy of ThermaCAM Re searcher Professional just click this button in the standard toolbar 10420803 a2 4 gt m Figure 6 20 Button used to start replay of recorded images Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 35 6 Tutorials 6 5 2 Recording Conditions dialog box You can reach this dialog box from the Recording toolbar and the Conditions item of the Recording menu and the Recording tab of the camera control 10420903 a2 Recording Conditions Start Tool button F5 Record At highest speed Stop After time duration External trig source External device File format Images in one file Auto name base NEW Image directory E Images Ex Cancel Figure 6 21 Recording conditions dialog box Recordings are controlled by three conditions Start Record and Stop In this dialog box you can set these conditions as well as the base part auto name base of the file names and the directory where the recording shall be made If you select the im ages in one file option images will be recorded to a single file which will reduce the number offiles to handle and increase the recording speed The dotted button beside the current directory field leads to a directory browser Sequence recordings can start at Tool button F5 At absolute time External trig plus a specified del
69. cording and the Images in one file option If your recording will last for a very long time it might be a good idea to control it by OLE automation instead 6 5 3 Full burst recording of images SEE ALSO For information about disk management see section a 11 Disk management on page 97 Only when you are using full burst recording can you grab store and study every image captured by the camera except for the old Thermovision 1000 If you have the parallel interface configuration or FireWire configuration or Gigabit Ethernet configuration and suitable disks and software you should be able to geta full burst recording rate if you Select the Images in one file option in the Recording Conditions dialog box Do not run any program that consumes processor power at the same time for ex ample fast find Do not run any program that consumes lots of memory such as the Microsoft Office programs at the same time Do not let the local area network connection interfere Pull the plug Do not let the screen saver lock screen software interfere In short don t let the computer do anything else at the same time When you use an external trig to control the burst recordings these restrictions have to be observed even before the actual start ThermaCAM Researcher Professional will capture all images in advance in order to be able to store the trigged image s 6 5 4 HSDR recording of images For ThermoVision SC4000
70. ct Auto Adjust you will find that an attempt to find the optimum scale is made for each new image A small part of the temperature span of the image is however wasted to minimise the effect of noise in the image The measurement areas have a related auto adjustment function which adjust the scale based on the area The rightmost button will keep the distance between the slider controls fixed Sometimes when a live camera image is shown you can find it impossible to change the scale in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional This is when the camera has been set to continuously adjust the level or span of the image Switch that camera setting off Finally in the Image tab of the Settings dialog box there are a few more options you can explore Settings Analysis Units Text Comment Image Scale Object Parameters IR image When opening IR file c Get analysis v Show analysis labels Show 3D view V Update temperatures Zoom factor while moving analysis v Smooth drawing 1 00 Figure 6 16 Image tab of the Settings dialog box The Show scale option switches the display of the temperature and color scale on off The Show analysis labels option will switch the display of the label texts on off The Show 3D view option will display a pseudo 3D version of the image 32 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials The Update temperatures option has to do with the update of OLE links pro
71. cted radiation power terms 1 Emission from the object TWop where is the emittance of the object and T is the transmittance of the atmosphere The object temperature is Topj 2 Reflected emission from ambient sources 1 TW ef where 1 is the re flectance of the object The ambient sources have the temperature T efl It has here been assumed that the temperature Tr is the same for all emitting surfaces within the halfsphere seen from a point on the object surface This is of course sometimes a simplification of the true situation It is however a necessary simplification in order to derive a workable formula and T _ can at least theoretically be given a value that represents an efficient temperature of a complex surrounding Note also that we have assumed that the emittance for the surroundings 1 This is correct in accordance with Kirchhoff s law All radiation impinging on the surrounding surfaces will eventually be absorbed by the same surfaces Thus the emittance 1 Note though that the latest discussion requires the complete sphere around the object to be considered 3 Emission from the atmosphere 1 T TW atm where 1 T is the emittance of the atmosphere The temperature of the atmosphere is Tq The total received radiation power can now be written Equation 2 Wa ETW Se TW Lr W atm We multiply each term by the constant C of Equation 1 and replace the C
72. ction Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 21 6 Tutorials 6 2 How to connect and control the camera SEE ALSO For information about begin using the camera with older types of connections PC Card parallel interface IRFlashLink etc see the following documents on the CD a Installation Hints Publ No T559004 System configurations Publ No 1 557 783 Camera connections Publ No T559010 In order to be able to show a live image ThermaCAM Researcher Professional has to establish a software connection to the camera The status information of the Camera Control panel will reveal if the program is trying to connect to the camera or not If it says Disconnected you will have to order a new connection by selecting Connect from the Camera menu On the same menu there is a Normalized connection command which sets the camera in a state suitable for almost any computer during the connection process If ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is showing a disk image you will have to select Show Camera Image from the Camera menu or press CTRL L or click this toolbar button to make the program consider connecting to the camera and displaying its image Figure 6 2 Show camera image toolbar button The purpose of doing these soft connections disconnections is that it enables you to run two or more copies of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional You can disconnect the camera from one copy and conn
73. d 11 1 About Ultra DMA and SATA disks eerie seni nnne 11 2 Creating stripe sets and formatting NTFS disks in Windows 11 2 1 Windows NT 4 0 stripe sets sssssssssee nennen 11 2 1 1 Partition the burst disks in Windows NT 4 0 seeeeee 98 11 2 1 2 Format the burst disks in Windows NT 4 0 eese 98 11 2 2 Windows 2000 XP striped volumes essent 98 11 2 2 1 Creating and formatting striped volumes in Windows 2000 XP 98 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 Xi 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 xii 11 2 2 2 Importing striped volumes in Windows 2000 XP 99 OLE tricks amp tlps 5 eoe EL et Been e e ese cad beoe ied 101 12 4 OLEAN DING Beets eco rete tene cie e ete eet eb Lice Leeds 101 12 1 1 Copying information to other applications 12 1 2 Linking into other applications 12 1 38 Embedding into other applications 101 T214 AUTOMALON eee ente e ae Ae vented boda eese tnde bene uence 102 IE D b a e RE E A A A Loos Pa E Leh Mach ARCA tc Lec Ars 102 1221 COS esas pitti iaaea e aeaea etd Aaea TAAA nhl anak Mees Leesa en 102 12 2 2 Incorrect asSpectiratlo sanaaa a ee seeded dae 103 12 2 3 Multiple links do not update in Microsoft Word 103 12 2 4 Microsoft Word consumes lots of disk space for live images 103 12 2 5 Microsoft amp Exc
74. d 50 100 T 0 02 Copper polished 100 T 0 03 Copper polished commer 27 T 0 03 cial Copper polished mechan 22 T 0 015 ical Copper pure carefully 22 T 0 008 prepared surface Copper scraped 27 T 0 07 Copper dioxide powder T 0 84 Copper oxide red powder T 0 70 Ebonite T 0 89 Emery coarse 80 F 0 85 Enamel 20 T 0 9 Enamel lacquer 20 T 0 85 0 95 Fiber board hard untreated 20 SW 0 85 Fiber board masonite 70 LW 0 88 Fiber board masonite 70 SW 0 75 Fiber board particle board 70 LW 0 89 Fiber board particle board 70 SW 0 77 Fiber board porous untreated 20 SW 0 85 Gold polished 130 i 0 018 Gold polished carefully 200 600 T 0 02 0 03 Gold polished highly 100 T 0 02 Granite polished 20 LLW 0 849 Granite rough 21 LLW 0 879 Granite rough 4 different 70 LW 0 77 0 87 samples 142 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Granite rough 4 different 70 SW 0 95 0 97 samples Gypsum 20 T 0 8 0 9 Ice See Water Iron cast casting 50 T 0 81 Iron cast ingots 1000 T 0 95 Iron cast liquid 1300 T 0 28 Iron cast machined 800 1000 T 0 60 0 70 Iron cast oxidized 38 Ji 0 63 Iron cast oxidized 100 T 0 64 Iron cast oxidized 260 T 0 66 Iron cast oxidized 538 T 0 76 Iron cast oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 64 0 78 Iron cast polished 38 T 0 21 Iron cast polished 40 T 0 21 Iron cast polished 200 T 0 21 Iron c
75. device drivers for the eBus Driver Suite When you install your device drivers you can find all necessary FLIR Systems files there 4 1 2 4 Installation of the eBus Driver Suite NOTE Before you try this make sure that your computer is fully updated by Windows Update To take full advantage of an Intel 82540 Gigabit Ethernet Network Adapter you need to install and activate the eBus Driver Suite available on the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM in the eBus folder The installation just copies the drivers to your hard disk drive To activate a particular driver you have to run a program from the Start menu Select Pleora Technologies Inc eBus Driver Suite and Driver In stallation Tool Pick the right Ethernet adapter and select Configure Select the opti mum eBus driver and click Finish You may also have to click Update to update the drivers as well SEE ALSO For information about how to install the device drivers for the FireWire interface as well as other device drivers see a 8 FireWire configuration on page 81 Camera connections Publ No T559010 4 2 Where do the installed files go On all Windows systems the installation program builds a new directory tree normally at C Program Files ThermaCAM Researcher Professional containing the following files ThermaCAM Researcher Pro Executable files help file OLE type library fessional Examples Sample Microsoft Excel files with th
76. e 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 T ef 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 135 17 The measurement formula 10400703 a2 0 C 32 F 20 C 68 F 50 C 122 F 0 6 0 8 Figure 17 4 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions LW camera 1 Object temperature 2 Emittance Obj Object radiation Refl Reflected radiation Atm atmosphere radiation Fixed parameters T 0 88 T ef 20 C 68 F Tatm 20 C 68 F 136 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables This section presents a compilation of emissivity data from the infrared literature and measurements made by FLIR Systems 18 1 References Mika l A Bramson Infrared Radiation A Handbook for Applications Plenum press N Y William L Wolfe George J Zissis The Infrared Handbook Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C Madding R P Thermographic Instruments and systems Madison Wisconsin Univer sity of Wisconsin Extension Department of Engineering and Applied Science William L Wolfe Handbook of Military Infrared Technology Office of Naval Research Department of Navy Washington D C Jones Smith Probert External thermography of buildings Proc
77. e files When you store images with ThermaCAM Researcher Professional you can either store them one by one giving each image a characteristic file name or store them as a sequence thus indicating that they have something in common 12 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 About the program Such a sequence of IR images is recorded in an image directory either as separate files or in a single file This is a decision you take when you set the recording param eters When the recording is finished the sequence recording function assumes that you would like to replay and analyse the new images It creates a list of the image files concerned and keeps it until the next recording This list a group of names of image files in the same directory is what still keeps the sequence together You may change the list at will adding or removing file names but then the sequence concept is lost You can actually group any images you like into a fake sequence The only restriction is that they have to be stored in the same directory on the disk You do not have to include all the images of the directory Single file image recordings are normally quite large ThermaCAM Researcher Professional has functions that will let you edit these files Then you are supposed to first open all images and then mark the images to be removed or copied as a selection 5 4 Image directory All the images of the same recording are
78. e first to recognize that there must be a point where the heating effect reaches a maximum and that measurements confined to the visible portion of the spectrum failed to locate this point 10398903 a1 Figure 15 2 Marsilio Landriani 1746 1815 Moving the thermometer into the dark region beyond the red end of the spectrum Herschel confirmed that the heating continued to increase The maximum point when he found it lay well beyond the red end in what is known today as the infrared wavelengths When Herschel revealed his discovery he referred to this new portion of the electro magnetic spectrum as the thermometrical spectrum The radiation itself he sometimes referred to as dark heat or simply the invisible rays Ironically and contrary to popular opinion it wasn t Herschel who originated the term infrared The word only began to appear in print around 75 years later and it is still unclear who should receive credit as the originator Herschel s use of glass in the prism of his original experiment led to some early controversies with his contemporaries about the actual existence of the infrared wavelengths Different investigators in attempting to confirm his work used various types of glass indiscriminately having different transparencies in the infrared Through his later experiments Herschel was aware of the limited transparency of glass to the newly discovered thermal radiation and he was forced t
79. e g one link from the IR image and one link for a spot meter temperature it might happen that only one of links will be updated when you modify the IR image 12 2 4 Problem If you embed ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional in Microsoft Word and try to present a live image Microsoft amp Word will get busy slowly filling your hard disk Sometimes it proves impossible to do anything but restarting the computer 12 2 5 Problem Under some circumstances the Microsoft amp Excel cells will refuse to accept numeric values from ThermaCAM Researcher Professional This is due to the fact that ThermaCAM Researcher Professional will decorate the values with lt gt and signs if the temperatures are out of range Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 Solution You have to avoid doing this Different programs provide different means of resizing an embedded object with out changing the aspect ratio In some cases you should catch the corners in other cases you should press the SHIFT key while resizing the object Multiple links do not update in Microsoft Word Solution The problem is that when the links shall be updat ed Microsoft Word cannot handle more than one link The easiest solution to this problem is to select all text in Microsoft Word press CTRL A and then press F9 to update the entire document Microsoft amp Word consumes lots of disk space for
80. eWire configuration works on Windows 98 second edition Windows ME Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista operating systems SC640 only on Windows 2000 XP Vista In Windows 98 ME due to file system limitations you can not get full burst recording rate 82 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 8 FireWire configuration In Windows 2000 XP Vista full burst rate recording of the cameras is only possible when the target disk is formatted with a NT file system NTFS and is fast enough 8 3 PC recommendations To get a reasonably high performance you should have a Pentium desktop computer with a clock rate of 1 GHz or more If IDE Ultra DMA 100 is supported on your computer then there is no need for striped SCSI disks There are such disks that are so fast that you don t need to use striped volumes We now recommend 7200 RPM 30 GBUltra DMA 100 disks or better Your computer not only has to support this technology you also have to have service pack 2 of Windows 2000 or Windows XP Vista to make it work If you have a serial ATA disk SATA that is even better The FireWire adapter in the PC must conform to the 1394a 2000 specifications and must support bus speeds up to 400 Mb s DirectX 8 1 or higher is required for the FireWire configuration The amount of memory in the PC should be at least twice the Microsoft amp recommen dation Our recommendation is to set
81. ect it to another instead If you have two or more FireWire cameras you can connect each camera to a sep arate copy of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional perhaps with a slight loss of performance After the connection is established it may still take some time before the logo image disappears The camera may have to run for a while before its detector is cool enough to produce a live image SEE ALSO If you get into connection difficulties here see section 6 2 4 About connection difficulties on page 30 NOTE Do not remove the FireWire cable or switch off the camera while ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is running unless you have selected Disconnect from the Camera menu first The Camera Information dialog box and the Camera Control panel are the two main ways by which you communicate with the camera 22 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Take a quick look at the Camera Information dialog box which can be reached from the Camera menu or by clicking on the camera symbol to the right on the status line below the image It will probably show the name of the camera and that it is working Otherwise the reason of failure is displayed here or in the Device Status panel dis played if you click on the interface symbol to the lower right of the program window Let s take a quick look at the Camera Control panel We will study it in more detail in the next sub chapters Le
82. ed in the HSDR since the change will wipe out all stored data When a HSDR recording is in progress the frame size list box will become disabled Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 29 6 Tutorials 6 2 4 About connection difficulties Attimes you may run into difficulties establishing a connection with the camera Here are some suggestions on what you can do Problem The program is having problems with the camera It only works now and then Possible cause amp solution Verify that the FireWire cable is properly connected to the computer and the camera Always exit the program or select Disconnect from the camera menu before you disconnect or switch off the camera The program refuses to establish a contact with the camera The status information keeps saying Disconnected while the camera is running The camera may be connected to another copy of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Switch over to that one and disconnect the connection Now the new ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional can connect to the camera SEE ALSO For information about begin using the camera with older types of connections PC Card parallel interface IRFlashLink etc see the following documents on the CD a Installation Hints Publ No T559004 System configurations Publ No 1 557 783 Camera connections Publ No T559010 6 3 6 3 1 How to display an IR image Obtaining a go
83. ed to the PC using the ThermaCAM Connect 2 0 software and ThermaCAM Researcher at the same time the live image may seem frozen The Downsample checkbox is only available for A20 cameras This option affects how much disk space each image will occupy when stored on the hard disk If enabled disk space for each image will be significantly reduced However a performance penalty in terms of apparent image quality but not in measurement is introduced when storing and reading image files Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 25 6 Tutorials 10430703 a2 20 Firewire xj Main Cam Dev Jesi Downsample M Show graphics Framerate 60 0Hz v Camera Info Device Status Connected Qo Figure 6 8 ThermoVision A series FireWire dialog box Select the desired frame rate from the list box The frame rate specifies how many images per second will be captured of the target in question NOTE For cameras with a fixed frame rate this selection will be unavailable NOTE For some cameras frame rates higher than 25 30 Hz may not be supported NOTE For some computers frame rates higher than 25 30 Hz may not work properly 6 2 2 ThermaCAM S series Camera Control This control panel is used for ThermaCAM S60 ThermaCAM S40 ThermaCAM SC640 and similar camera models mem Firewire x Man Cam Dev eal Measurement Range 40 120 C NOF Zi Noise
84. eful when you wish to illustrate the temperature variation across or along an object in the image You just have to put the line on the image and switch to the profile window in order to be able to see the profile Below the graph there is a table in which you can get interesting information about each line 10426303 a1 C 120 b 50 Label Cuso Mn MaN Avg CuserX CusoY u0 620 371 888 X 601 32 124 LI02 46 3 90 8 76 1 d a Figure 6 63 A temperature profile example Figure 6 64 Explanations of callouts Profile Profile table Temperature scale Chart area Line cursor Plot area If you would like to change the way in which the profiles are displayed you can do this by the Settings dialog box available on the right hand mouse button when you click on top of the profile The profile scale is normally connected to the IR image scale but can be set indepen dently or automatically The line presentation can be reversed in case you happened to draw the line in the wrong direction Each line can have a cursor which is displayed both in the profile window and the IR image When you need to find the image position of a certain bump in the profile add a cursor tool to the line and move it in the IR image until it hits the bump 74 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 6 10 2 Transferring temperature profile d
85. eir session files Mmages Sample image files Palettes Palette files scale color definitions Binaries dll s and controls related to the Indigo camera Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 9 4 Installation The installation also adds some executable files into the main Windows directories and a number of device drivers to the C Program files FLIR Systems Device drivers directory On Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista which are multi user systems only administrator users may create and update files in the common Program Files directory Ordinary users are not permitted to do that Ordinary users have a place of their own where they can keep the data files of their programs It is called My Documents On Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista the Examples lmages and Palettes files are copied to a ThermaCAM Researcher Professional subdirectory of the My Documents directory of each user when he or she starts to use the software Then each user easily can modify them separately NOTE These My Document files are not removed when you remove the program 10 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 About the program 5 1 Basic principles for ThermaCAM Researcher Professional The main purpose of this program is to deal with live IR images arriving through a camera interface It can also receive IR images from other media such as SD
86. el does not accept our numerical values 108 12 2 6 Security warnings with Microsoft Excel 2007 files sss 104 Thermographic measurement techniques ssssssese eene 105 LS ME a rero lire o it eR HC 105 USANDO 105 13 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample ssssssssseenenene 106 13 2 1 1 Step 1 Determining reflected apparent temperature 106 13 2 1 2 Step 2 Determining the emissivity 0 eee eens 108 19 97 A BISIAn C8 musnane tran este eoe vetet cet dis secs eee Saved otavecaur eE Ea NEEN E USD RIO R OR ES 18 4 Reflected temperature s 13 5 Atmospheric temperature humidity and distance sss 109 19 6 External optics transmission and temperature ssssssee e 110 197 Infrared spectral ALCS esse vies ecd ert iro eee te o ere de a antes 110 13 8 Units Of TieasUre certet oett e ege adea e ve ek der dea Ve da aaa 110 About FLIR Systems DERE ode epe sed e td ne pda idee dv 113 14 1 More than just an infrared camera sse teens 114 14 2 Sharing our knowledge 55 emt tree tte emeret iua qtue nine paie 114 14 3 Supporting OUF CUSTOIlels 5 netten o te ede gr Eae en 114 14 4 A few images from our facilities 115 History of infrared technology ssssssssseenee eene nnne nnns 117 Theory of thermography neve ce eese edic era cu eie nis
87. elative number 5 means five images ahead 12 means twelve images back Hit ENTER on the keyboard to finish the editing SEE ALSO For information about associated shortcut keys see section m a 5 7 Shortcut keys on page 19 1042180922 ell 8453 8 Figure 6 31 Control buttons used when switching images These four buttons control how the program behaves when you switch from one image to another SEE ALSO For more information about these buttons see section a 6 9 1 Making measurements in playback on page 68 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 43 6 Tutorials 6 6 3 Replay Settings dialog box If you choose Replay Settings from the Recording menu the following dialog box will appear 10421903 a1 Replay Settings Auto rewind mode C Allimages Selection only Presentation Absolute time C Time relative to first image Image number C Trig count E Cancel Figure 6 32 Replay settings dialog box Auto rewind mode In rewind mode you can chose between repeating the whole sequence or just the marked part Presentation What is presented on the play images toolbar Absolute time shows the actual recording time Time relative to first image shows the time difference of the current image compared to the first image If the current image is recorded earlier than the first image HHEHHHH HF is shown instead Image number shows the image ordinal number Trig count shows
88. ely close to that of the ambient it will be very important to set and compensate for the reflected temperature correctly 13 5 Atmospheric temperature humidity and distance These parameters are used to correct for the fact that radiation is being absorbed in the atmosphere between the object and the camera and the fact that transmittance drops with distance If the humidity of the air is high the distance very long and the object temperature relatively close to that of the atmosphere it will be important to set and compensate for the atmosphere correctly The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera The transmittance is heavily dependent on the relative humidity of the air To compen sate for this set the relative humidity to the correct value For short distances of air with normal humidity the relative humidity can usually be left at a default value of 50 If you have a better estimate of the properties of the atmosphere than the built in model has you can enter your estimated transmission value instead To avoid applying this type of compensation please set the estimated transmission to 1 0 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 109 13 Thermographic measurement techniques 13 6 External optics transmission and temperature Sometimes the radiation from the object also has to pass through some optical ac cessory such as a heat shield or a macro lens be
89. er if you have Intel PRO 1000 adapter or the universal if you have another adapter Press Finish and after a while Continue 5 You may also have to update the new driver 6 Press Exit and allow the computer to reboot 90 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration If you have Windows XP Service Pack 2 you will have to let its Firewall allow Ther maCAM Researcher Professional to access the network to be able to connect to your camera If you do not use an Intel PRO 1000 network adapter or do not install the Pleora drivers the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional software will still allow you to set an IP number to the interface and try to connect to the camera using the ordinary networking functions of Windows This connection will not give full soeed performance for most cameras For more information about this please see section 4 3 If you already had a High Performance driver installed for your PT1000 Ethernet adapter you have to get rid of that by re installing the original driver from Intel in order to be able to use the new Driver Installation Tool 9 4 2 Windows 95 98 ME NT 4 0 Not supported 9 5 Troubleshooting the Gigabit Ethernet interface installation To work properly the configuration needs Windows 2000 XP Vista 32 bit A functional Network Interface Card NIC compatible with the Intel PRO 1000 family of network adapters Please
90. er Professional Session and write an Microsoft Excel macro in VBA Visual Basic for Applications It will open the right session file in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional and in a loop read the desired measurement values from each image and put them in a pair of columns of cells Then use the chart wizard of Microsoft Excel to create a graphical presentation Here is an example of such a VBA macro Sub PlaySequence Click Dim sess As Object Dim row As Integer Dim col As Integer row 1 col 10 Get a reference to the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional object Set sess Worksheets Sheetl OLEObjects Object 1 Object Move to the first image in the session sess GotoFirstImage Start a loop that iterates through all images in the session Do While True Store IR image time and spotmeter temperatures in the cells Worksheets 1 Cells row col Value sess GetNamedValue spl temp Worksheets 1 Cells row col 1 Value sess GetNamedValue sp2 temp Leave col 2 for the difference sp02 Worksheets 1 Cells row col 3 Value spol Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 73 6 Tutorials sess GetNamedValue time If sess IsLastImage Then Exit Do End If Load next image in the session and increment the row counter sess StepForward row row 1 Loop End Sub 6 10 How to study temperature profiles 6 10 1 Obtaining a profile Temperature profiles are us
91. er of the infrared and a famous astronomer in his own right Based upon the differential evaporation of a thin film of oil when exposed to a heat pattern focused upon it the thermal image could be seen by reflected light where the interference effects of the oil film made the image visible to the eye Sir John also managed to obtain a primitive record of the thermal image on paper which he called a thermograph 10399003 a2 Figure 15 4 Samuel P Langley 1834 1906 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 119 15 History of infrared technology The improvement of infrared detector sensitivity progressed slowly Another major breakthrough made by Langley in 1880 was the invention of the bolometer This consisted of a thin blackened strip of platinum connected in one arm of a Wheatstone bridge circuit upon which the infrared radiation was focused and to which a sensitive galvanometer responded This instrument is said to have been able to detect the heat from a cow at a distance of 400 meters An English scientist Sir James Dewar first introduced the use of liquefied gases as cooling agents such as liquid nitrogen with a temperature of 196 C 320 8 F in low temperature research In 1892 he invented a unique vacuum insulating container in which it is possible to store liquefied gases for entire days The common thermos bottle used for storing hot and cold drinks is based upon his invention
92. erature Difference images in Object signal FFF and FFF jpg images FPF format save only FFF and JPG with Dual ISO and Diff Ttx tgw images with AVG SEQ files with text comments Such images are received by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional on disk When ThermaCAM Researcher Professional is showing disk images the Play recording toolbar button on the standard toolbar is depressed 10421003 a2 tir th Figure 6 23 Play recording toolbar button Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 39 6 Tutorials There are several ways in which a playback of images can be initiated You can click Play recording or on the recording toolbar click the button Play in a new window 10421103 a2 Ii Figure 6 24 Play in a new window toolbar button From the file menu you can select Open Session and read a session file from disk containing information from older already stored sessions containing recordings You can also copy and paste a recording session from one ThermaCAM Researcher Professional window to another Furthermore you can drag and drop image files or a session file from the Windows Explorer onto a ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional window Finally you can use the Open Images function to put together a new selection of images or change an existing one 6 6 1 Open images dialog box You start the dialog box with this toolbar button or by pressing CTRL I keys or by the File and Image me
93. es you are recording or change or delete existing ones These text comments are applied to all future recorded images To add a text comment click Add and type the label and parameter value of the new text comment To change a value of a text comment double clicking the value and type a new text string To delete a text comment select the text comment you want to delete and then click Delete 38 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials To move a text comment up or down select the text comment and then click Up or Down If your recording is stored in one single file you can not change the number of text comments during the recording only their contents 6 6 How to play back images ThermaCAM Researcher Professional supports the following image formats ThermoVision 400 800 900 1000 AGEMA 550 570 ThermoVision Alert ThermoVision Sentry Prism DS Inframetrics 700 ThermaCAM PM 100 200 300 150 250 350 180 280 380 ThermaCAM PM 525 545 575 595 ThermaCAM SC 1000 2000 ThermaCAM PM 195 295 395 UltraCAM ThermaSNAP ThermaCAM SC 3000 Indigo Merlin img and tgw Indigo Omega img and tgw Indigo Phoenix img Thermoteknix tgw tmw tlw ThermoVision 400 800 Tdiff images ThermoVision 900 1000 Tdiff images ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Tdiff images Single Ttx tgw images from Dynamite Difference images in Temp
94. essional CD ROM or select Don t have the disk and Browse my computer to let Windows find an appropriate driver on the CD or in your C Program Files Flir Systems Device drivers directory Please allow Windows to continue installing the software despite the complaints about the FLIR drivers not being digitally signed If Windows refuses to let you do this please check that the Windows Update Driver setting Right click on My Computer gt Properties gt Hardware tab is not set to Never Some cameras will also contain a FLIR 1894 Network Adapter device You can install it in the same way if you like ThermaCAM Researcher Professional does not use it Windows 2000 XP 8 4 4 Log in as Administrator Windows should detect the camera after a while If Windows displays a New Hardware Found Wizard for the device FLIR ThemaCAM either let Windows search for the best available driver or select Install from a specific location Advanced to let Windows find an appropriate driver in your C Program Files Flir Systems Device drivers directory Allow Windows to continue installing the software despite the complaints about the FLIR drivers not being digitally signed If Windows refuses to let you do this please check that the Driver Signing setting Right click on My Computer My Computer Properties Hardware tab is not set to Block Windows 98SE ME Have your Windows TM 98 ME system CD available
95. esting process control and automation and machine vision among many others FLIR Systems has three manufacturing plants in the United States Portland OR Boston MA Santa Barbara CA and one in Sweden Stockholm Direct sales offices in Belgium Brazil China France Germany Great Britain Hong Kong Italy Japan Sweden and the USA together with a worldwide network of agents and distribu tors support our international customer base Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 113 14 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems is at the forefront of innovation in the infrared camera industry We an ticipate market demand by constantly improving our existing cameras and developing new ones The company has set milestones in product design and development such as the introduction of the first battery operated portable camera for industrial inspec tions and the first uncooled infrared camera to mention just two innovations FLIR Systems manufactures all vital mechanical and electronic components of the camera systems itself From detector design and manufacturing to lenses and system electronics to final testing and calibration all production steps are carried out and supervised by our own engineers The in depth expertise of these infrared specialists ensures the accuracy and reliability of all vital components that are assembled into your infrared camera 14 1 More than just an infrared camera At FLIR Sys
96. file his togram and result table when analysis tools are moved around in the image The Smooth drawing option makes the image appear to be less noisy without affecting the measurement results Isotherms can look less crisp The Get analysis option should not be used unless your images contain analysis tools that vary from image to image which normally isn t the case The Zoom factor makes it possible to temporarily enlarge the centre of an image 6 3 2 Transferring an IR image with OLE If you want to display your image in a program not designed for IR images you have to use OLE to make it visible Use the Copy session and image toolbar button or the same command of the Edit menu 10420503 a1 Figure 6 17 Copy session and image toolbar button 6 4 How to trigger ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from outside If your target is active only on certain occasions you might well want to tell the program when it should examine at the target Two functions in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional work under such conditions The recording functions that collect images and the plotting functions that collect measurement results They can conditionally record or plot not only at certain times but also on external trig pulses The parallel interface has a trig input connector which is the default trig source In addition a free COM port or a LPT port can be used as the external trig source The external trig increments a trig counter wh
97. for your infrared camera Program updates for your PC software User documentation Application stories Technical publications 2 Customer help INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 3 Welcome Thank you for choosing ThermaCAM Researcher Professional This is the operator s manual of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional We are convinced that this program will be a useful tool when you explore the fascinating world of infrared imaging and measurements ThermaCAM Researcher Professional supports six hardware configurations Standard Ethernet Gigabit Ethernet FireWire PC Card Parallel IRFlashLink The interfaces are used for several types of cameras The manual together with the Camera Connections manual covers all configurations and all cameras Make sure that the information you read is about the right camera with the right type of camera interface In the manual you should be able to find detailed answers to these three types of questions What kind of hardware and software is used How is it to be installed What is the software and thermography like in general How should use ThermaCAM Researcher Professional to get some particular result Since this is more like a reference manual than a tutorial there will be rather detailed answers to those questions It means that you probably only will study the manual in parts from time to time
98. fore reaching the camera Then that optics external to the camera will absorb some of the radiation To correct for this effect enter the transmittance and temperature of the optics Ambient reflections in the external optics are not taken into consideration mathemat ically so the optics either has to have a non reflective coating or have the same temperature as the ambient on the camera side to make the correction work prop erly Please avoid ambient reflections Do for instance make sure that the camera cannot see itself mirrored in the external optics To avoid applying this type of compensation please set the external optics transmis sion to 1 0 13 7 Infrared spectral filters Any object with a temperature above 0 Kelvin will emit electromagnetic radiation over a wide spectrum The hotter the object the stronger and wider the radiation and the shorter its wavelength Infrared detectors are only sensitive in parts of the infrared waveband This means that the temperature calculations in infrared cameras make assumptions about the amount of radiation present in other wavebands Infrared cameras are calibrated with a set of standard blackbodies at various temper atures Any object in air behaving like a blackbody can thus be treated properly by the camera Sometimes there are different conditions Hot gases for instance emit radiation only at discrete wavelengths stripes Cold gases absorb radiation in stripes To be
99. fractory weakly 500 1000 3H 0 65 0 75 1 radiating Brick silica 95 SiO 1230 T 0 66 1 Brick sillimanite 33 1500 T 0 29 1 SiO 64 Al O 140 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Brick waterproof 17 SW 0 87 5 Bronze phosphor bronze 70 LW 0 06 9 Bronze phosphor bronze 70 SW 0 08 9 Bronze polished 50 T 0 1 1 Bronze porous rough 50 150 F 0 55 1 Bronze powder XE 0 76 0 80 1 Carbon candle soot 20 T 0 95 2 Carbon charcoal powder T 0 96 1 Carbon graphite filed sur 20 T 0 98 2 face Carbon graphite powder T 0 97 1 Carbon lampblack 20 400 T 0 95 0 97 1 Chipboard untreated 20 SW 0 90 6 Chromium polished 50 T 0 10 1 Chromium polished 500 1000 T 0 28 0 38 1 Clay fired 70 T 0 91 1 Cloth black 20 T 0 98 1 Concrete 20 T 0 92 2 Concrete dry 36 SW 0 95 7 Concrete rough 17 SW 0 97 5 Concrete walkway 5 LLW 0 974 8 Copper commercial bur 20 T 0 07 1 nished Copper electrolytic careful 80 T 0 018 1 ly polished Copper electrolytic pol 34 T 0 006 4 ished Copper molten 1100 1300 T 0 13 0 15 1 Copper oxidized 50 T 0 6 0 7 1 Copper oxidized black 27 1 0 78 4 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 141 18 Emissivity tables Copper oxidized heavily 20 T 0 78 Copper oxidized to black T 0 88 ness Copper polishe
100. g it with the mouse You hold the left mouse button down inside the area and drag the whole area into the new position and release the button If you hold down the CTRL key while moving the area you create a copy of the area instead of moving it You reshape an area by catching the border or corner to be changed and dragging it along Catching and dragging a polygon area border results in adding a new corner You can remove a specific corner from a polygon area by using the analysis removal tool Areas can also be used to make local auto adjustments That means adjusting the scale of the whole image to the temperature span within that particular area It is very useful if you want to make detailed studies of some part of the image This function is only available on the right mouse button menu of the areas 6 8 5 Line tool This tool measures the minimum maximum average and standard deviation temper ature along a straight or bendable line within the image The temperature in one spot the line cursor can also be measured These values are presented in the result table or beside the line symbol in the image The line temperatures can also be graphically presented in the profile window The results are also available through OLE You can obtain the following values Cursor minimum maximum average and standard devi ation temperature the same relative to the reference temperature except for the de viation emissivity object distance and
101. he buttons in the dialog box When you click on any of the buttons the corresponding operator will be inserted into the expression Following are the operators that can be used Operator button Operator Plus operator Minus operator Division operator Multiplication operator Power operator Parentheses used for grouping If you want to use other mathematical operators such as sinus select the appropriate function by clicking the Math button Following are the functions that can be used Function name Function Acos Arccosine Asin Arcsine Atan Arctangent 56 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Function name Function Cosinus Natural logarithm Base 10 Logarithm Sinus Square root Tangent Typically your formula will contain references to other sources of data such as measurement functions of IR images To select a data source click the Connect button A dialog box will appear Select the Object and Value and click OK This will insert a reference address into your expression The address will be substituted with the actual value when the formula is used For the example above with the spot and area items you would do the following to add a formula that is defined as the subtraction of the spot temperature and the area s average temperature Type a suitable label for the formula in the Label field such as Spot Area
102. hich the program is installed You will be asked about which type of cameras you intend to use in order to avoid installation of too many different drivers When the installation finishes you may have to restart your computer After this installation you will be able to start ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from the Programs entry of the Start button menu 4 1 2 2 Installation of the Direct X software With the FireWire interface and with the ThermoVision A320 camera Direct X 8 1 or higher is required In that case the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional instal lation looks for Direct X checks its version and tells you to install it if needed The installation window offers you the possibility to install Direct X 8 1 from the CD ROM 8 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 4 Installation 4 1 2 3 Installation of the camera interface driver software When the application installation is finished you will be reminded about the camera interface driver software installation You will not be able to connect to the camera only to work with images stored on disk until you have installed this software The plug and play FLIR Systems camera interface drivers can be found on the Ther maCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM as well as in the directory C Program Files FLIR Systems Device Drivers to which the ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional installation program copies them except for the
103. http www w3 org XML A note on the typeface used in this publication This publication was typeset using Swiss 721 which is Bitstream s pan European version of the Helvetica typeface Helvetica was designed by Max Miedinger 1910 1980 List of effective files 20235103 xml a24 20235203 xml a21 20235303 xml a17 20236703 xml a41 20238503 xml a9 20238703 xml b8 20240803 xml a13 20240903 xml a9 20241103 xml a12 20241303 xml a5 20241403 xml a9 20241503 xml a9 20241603 xml a10 20241703 xml a7 20241803 xml a4 20241903 xml a4 20243503 xml a6 20243703 xml a11 20250403 xml a18 20254903 xml a57 20255303 xml a9 20255603 xml a7 20257003 xml a35 20287303 xml a8 R0026 rcp a12 config xml a5 154 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 AUSTRALIA FLIR Systems 10 Business Park Drive Nottinghill Victoria 3168 Australia Tel 61 3 9550 2800 Fax 61 3 9558 9853 Email infoGflir com au Web www flir com BELGIUM FLIR Systems Uitbreidingstraat 60 62 B 2600 Berchem BELGIUM Phone 32 0 3 287 87 11 Fax 32 0 3 287 87 29 E mail info flir be Web www flir com BRAZIL FLIR Systems Av Antonio Bardella 320 CEP 18085 852 Sorocaba Sao Paulo BRAZIL Phone 55 15 3238 8070 Fax 55 15 3238 8071 E mail flir flir com br Web www flir com CANADA FLIR Systems 5230 South Service Road Suite 125 Burlington ON L7L 5K2 CANADA Phone 1 800 613 0507 ext 30 Fax 905 639 5
104. iPort frame grabber P N 308 0037 00 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM not shown including PC driver software A desktop computer with a fast UDMA or SATA disk for high speed image storage 9 2 Software limitations The Gigabit Ethernet configuration works on Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows Vista 32 bit operating systems Full burst rate recording of the cameras is only possible when the target disk is formatted with a NT File System NTFS Pleora and eBus drivers are only supported on Windows XP and Windows Vista operating systems 9 3 PC recommendations Minimum requirements are A Pentium 4 computer with a clock rate of 1 4 GHz or more At least 512 MB RAM Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 89 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration Gigabit Ethernet network adapter either PCI card or LAN on the motherboard based on the Intel 82540 network chip Intel 82541 and Intel 82546 are also accept able To achieve burst recording it should have an 7200 rpm Ultra DMA 100 disk formatted with the NT file system NTFS Ultra DMA 100 requires Windows XP Vista or service pack 2 of Windows 2000 If you have a serial ATA SATA disk that is even better 9 4 Installing driver software for the Gigabit Ethernet interface 9 4 1 Windows 2000 XP Vista To take full advantage of the GigaBit interface you need the eBus optimal driver You need to instal
105. iation from an object The fact that radiation is a function of object surface temperature makes it possible for the camera to calculate and display this temperature However the radiation measured by the camera does not only depend on the tem perature of the object but is also a function of the emissivity Radiation also originates from the surroundings and is reflected in the object The radiation from the object and the reflected radiation will also be influenced by the absorption of the atmosphere To measure temperature accurately it is therefore necessary to compensate for the effects of a number of different radiation sources This is done on line automatically by the camera The following object parameters must however be supplied for the camera The emissivity of the object The reflected temperature The distance between the object and the camera The relative humidity 13 2 Emissivity The most important object parameter to set correctly is the emissivity which in short is a measure of how much radiation is emitted from the object compared to that from a perfect blackbody of the same temperature Normally object materials and surface treatments exhibit emissivity ranging from approximately 0 1 to 0 95 A highly polished mirror surface falls below 0 1 while an oxidized or painted surface has a higher emissivity Oil based paint regardless of color in the visible spectrum has an emissivity over 0 9 in the infrared Human s
106. ible so that it appears to the eye no longer black This is the incipient red heat temperature of the radiator which then becomes orange or yellow as the temperature increases further In fact the definition of the so called color temperature of an object is the temperature to which a blackbody would have to be heated to have the same appearance Now consider three expressions that describe the radiation emitted from a blackbody 16 3 1 Planck s law 10399203 a1 Figure 16 3 Max Planck 1858 1947 Max Planck 1858 1947 was able to describe the spectral distribution of the radiation from a blackbody by means of the following formula Ihe x 10 Watt m um Blackbody spectral radiant emittance at wavelength A Velocity of light 2 3 x 108 m s Planck s constant 6 6 x 1034 Joule sec Boltzmann s constant 1 4 x 10 23 Joule K Absolute temperature K of a blackbody Wavelength um Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 123 16 Theory of thermography The factor 10 is used since spectral emittance in the curves is expressed in Watt m um Planck s formula when plotted graphically for various temperatures produces a family of curves Following any particular Planck curve the spectral emittance is zero at A 0 then increases rapidly to a maximum at a wavelength max and after passing it approaches zero again at very long wavelengths The higher the temperat
107. ich is stored with each image The value of this counter can be displayed in the Play Images toolbar bar and the result table For COM or LPT trigs the counter only counts one trig pulse per image The source for the external trig is selected from the Recording Conditions dialog box in the camera control panels 6 4 1 External trig using the parallel interface or IRFlashLink SEE ALSO For more information see the following documents on the CD Camera connections Publ No T559010 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 33 6 Tutorials 6 4 2 External trig using FireWire Ethernet In ThermoVision A20 A40 and A320 cameras you can mark image frames at the instant an alarm was triggered By doing so certain trigger information is assigned to the image and the frame can be then identified in the image stream by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional You can for example use this trigger information to make ThermaCAM Researcher Professional start or stop a recording 6 4 3 External trig using the serial port This trig source option uses the CTS input line on a free COM port The COM port has an RS232 electrical interface Trig input using COM port DSUB 25 Transition Low 3 V to High gt 3 V trig Pin 5 Trig Input Close pin 4 and 5 to trig DSUB 9 Transition Low 3 V to High gt 3 V trig Pin 8 Trig Input Close pin 7 and 8 to trig SEE ALSO For a more detailed descript
108. ickel wire 200 1000 T 0 1 0 2 Nickel oxide 500 650 T 0 52 0 59 Nickel oxide 1000 1250 T 0 75 0 86 Oil lubricating 0 025 mm film 20 T 0 27 Oil lubricating 0 050 mm film 20 T 0 46 Oil lubricating 0 125 mm film 20 T 0 72 Oil lubricating film on Ni base Ni 20 T 0 05 base only Oil lubricating thick coating 20 T 0 82 Paint 8 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 and qualities Paint 8 different colors 70 SW 0 88 0 96 and qualities Paint Aluminum various 50 100 T 0 27 0 67 ages Paint cadmium yellow T 0 28 0 33 Paint chrome green T 0 65 0 70 Paint cobalt blue T 0 7 0 8 Paint oi 17 SW 0 87 Paint oil black flat 20 SW 0 94 Paint oil black gloss 20 SW 0 92 Paint oil gray flat 20 SW 0 97 Paint oil gray gloss 20 SW 0 96 Paint oil various colors 100 T 0 92 0 96 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 147 18 Emissivity tables Paint oil based average 100 T 0 94 2 of 16 colors Paint plastic black 20 SW 0 95 6 Paint plastic white 20 SW 0 84 6 Paper 4 different colors 70 LW 0 92 0 94 9 Paper 4 different colors 70 SW 0 68 0 74 9 Paper black io 0 90 1 Paper black dull T 0 94 1 Paper black dull 70 LW 0 89 9 Paper black dull 70 SW 0 86 9 Paper blue dark T 0 84 1 Paper coated with black T 0 93 1 lacquer Paper green T 0 85 1 Paper red T 0 76 1 Paper white 20 T 0 7 0 9 1 Paper white 3 different 70 LW 0 88 0 90 9 glosses Paper white 3 different
109. ident upon it The spectral transmittance T the ratio of the spectral radiant power transmitted through an object to that incident upon it The sum of these three factors must always add up to the whole at any wavelength so we have the relation a p 7 1 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 127 16 Theory of thermography For opaque materials T 0 and the relation simplifies to a py 1 Another factor called the emissivity is required to describe the fraction e of the radiant emittance of a blackbody produced by an object at a specific temperature Thus we have the definition The spectral emissivity the ratio of the spectral radiant power from an object to that from a blackbody at the same temperature and wavelength Expressed mathematically this can be written as the ratio of the spectral emittance of the object to that of a blackbody as follows Wy Wo Ey Generally speaking there are three types of radiation source distinguished by the ways in which the spectral emittance of each varies with wavelength A blackbody for which 1 A graybody for which constant less than 1 A selective radiator for which e varies with wavelength According to Kirchhoff s law for any material the spectral emissivity and spectral ab sorptance of a body are equal at any specified temperature and wavelength That is Ey Ay From this we obtain for a
110. ight Name of the next image to be recorded Start button Start condition field Record one image button Recording condition field Pause button Stop button Stop recording condition field Bring up the recording conditions dialog box Professional 5 6 4 Image dir toolbar 10418303 a1 C lmages oe Figure 5 8 Image dir toolbar The image directory You may edit this field to change it Browse existing directories 5 6 5 Analysis toolbar The following analysis tools exist left to right amp x o o a x Figure 5 9 Analysis toolbar From left to right Spot meter Flying spot meter Uses the mouse cursor Line with cursor Box area Circle area Polygon area Isotherm above below interval a a a a a a a Formulas tt fel Replay the recorded sequence in a separate copy of ThermaCAM Researcher 18 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 5 About the program Removal tool 5 6 6 Scaling toolbar 10418503 a2 sis 1025 HE r E me Figure 5 10 Scaling toolbar From left to right Scale max temperature field Editable Scale min temperature field Editable Current measurement unit indicator Slider for the scale max and min temperature Drag with mouse Min is to the left Automatic adjustment of the scale to the image ON OFF Lock span ON OFF Changes apply only to the level The highlighted region in the sliders
111. indicates the span of temperatures in the image By selecting Auto Adjust you will place the slider markers close to the ends of the highlighted area but still inside it A small part of the span is thus wasted 5 7 Shortcut keys Menu selections can be made from the keyboard Press Alt the key indicated on the menu line by an underscore This brings up the menu Then press the key indicated in the menu by an underscore to select that item In addition to the tool bars there are a number of shortcut keys on the keyboard by which important functions can be reached Key combination Explanation ALT F4 Exit CTRL A Auto adjust image CTRL C Copy session and image CTRL D Play recorded sequence CTRL F Freeze Unfreeze image CTRL F2 Step backwards CTRL F4 Step forwards CTRL Open disk images CTRL L Show live images CTRL N New session Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 19 5 About the program Key combination Explanation Open session Print PAGE UP DOWN Changes max scale temperature FR Autorewind mode on off FS Save session SHIFT F2 Set selection start within sequence SHIFT F4 Set selection end within sequence SHIFT TAB Previous main tab ET Show the camera control TAB Next main tab tV Paste session Last disk image F2 Play backwards F3 Stop playing F4 Play forwards F5 Image recording keyb
112. interface cards You cannot use the FireWire interface on Windows 95 98 first edition and NT 4 0 Do not connect other FireWire equipment to your computer when you transfer IR images Please disable any sensitive equipment especially disks that you may already have connected to your FireWire adapter before you plug in the camera SEE ALSO For more information see the following documents on the CD a Installation Hints Publ No T559004 System configurations Publ No 1 557 783 86 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration 9 1 System parts Gigabit Ethernet interface This configuration is used for the following camera models Merlin uncooled microbolometer Merlin NIR InGaAs Merlin QWIP Merlin MID InSb Omega UL3 uncooled microbolometer Phoenix with RTIE ThermoVision A320G 10570003 a3 Parallel digital video 308 0038 00 316 0015 01 iPort PT 1000 IDG Power Supply 74 Cat 6 STP Cable Intel Pro 1000 i PCI or LOM N 421 0019 00 100 1000baseT Ethernet Interface Merlin Phoenix Kit 308 0040 00 Power Supply 4 Figure 9 1 ThermaCAM Researcher Professional amp Indigo Merlin system parts Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 87 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration 10570103 a3 Serial digital video 308 0037 00 E N P i
113. ion of the electrical interface read the RS 232 specification 6 4 4 External trig using the printer port The printer port LPT option is only available on Windows 95 98 ME platforms This trig source option uses a control signal on a free LPT port The LPT port has a TTL electrical interface Trig input using LPT1 or LPT2 DSUB 25 pin printer port Pin 10 Trig Input Open circuit high 2 4 V to 5 V Transition High gt low trig Pin 22 Ground Closing 10 22 trig The LPT1 port is normally associated with the physical hexadecimal address 378 and the LPT2 port is associated with address 278 The camera control assumes that this is the case Check your parallel port configuration in the Control Panel System icon to find out the physical address associated with the parallel port 6 5 How to record IR images You can only record images that come from the camera interface The currently active measurement tools are not recorded with the images but the current scale and object parameters are You have to click the camera button in order to get live images or select Show Camera Image from the Camera menu or press CTRL L on the keyboard 34 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10420603 a2 Figure 6 18 Camera toolbar button 6 5 1 Recording toolbar When the camera becomes the image source the following toolbar is displayed 10420703 a2 JizwooesEO ro
114. k the Download check box disconnect and connect again The Name list on the NUC tab shows the NUC tables currently stored in the camera All tables are shown not only those associated with a calibration The tables contain non uniformity correction data integration time frame size and other settings If you select a NUC name from this list you will switch to that table but get a non calibrated IR image To get a calibrated image you have to use the controls on the Cal tab The Int time field shows the current integration time in milliseconds To improve the image quality you can apply an Internal or External Flatness cor rection By allowing the camera to look at an internal or external thermally flat surface with a temperature well within the current temperature range limits you can even out many image distortions Just press the Internal or External Flatness correction buttons You will not invalidate the current calibration if you do this but the name of 28 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials the current NUC table is lost The quality improvement can be considerable especially if external correction is used and the camera recently was switched on The external correction is better because it also includes the lens non uniformities The Frame Size list on the Dev tab shows a number of alternative image sizes for calibrated cameras If you reduce the frame size you can increase frame rate
115. kin exhibits an emissivity 0 97 to 0 98 Non oxidized metals represent an extreme case of perfect opacity and high reflexivity which does not vary greatly with wavelength Consequently the emissivity of metals is low only increasing with temperature For non metals emissivity tends to be high and decreases with temperature Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 105 13 Thermographic measurement techniques 13 2 1 Finding the emissivity of a sample 13 2 1 1 Step 1 Determining reflected apparent temperature Use one of the following two methods to determine reflected apparent temperature 13 2 1 1 1 Method 1 Direct method 1 Look for possible reflection sources considering that the incident angle reflection angle a b 10588903 a1 Figure 13 1 1 Reflection source 2 If the reflection source is a spot source modify the source by obstructing it using a piece if cardboard 10589103 a2 Figure 13 2 1 Reflection source 106 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 13 Thermographic measurement techniques 3 Measure the radiation intensity apparent temperature from the reflecting source using the following settings Emissivity 1 0 LI Dopj O You can measure the radiation intensity using one of the following two methods 10589003 a2 Figure 13 3 1 Reflection source Note Using a the
116. l ThermaCAM Researcher Professional before installing this driver To copy the eBus driver suite onto your hard disk run the installation program present in the Pleora eBus folder of the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD This will also make some documentation about the driver suite available from the Start Menu See Pleora Technologies Inc gt eBus Driver suite gt Documentation More detailed instructions on how to install the eBus optimal driver can be found in this Pleora documentation Note that the eBus optimal driver is only compatible with the Intel PRO 1000 family of network adapters either a PC network interface card often referred to as a NIC or a LAN on the motherboard often referred to as a LOM If you have some other kind of network adapter use the universal driver instead The ordinary driver for your network adapter has almost certainly already been installed by Windows You will have to update the previous installation with the Pleora driver You need to log in as administrator or as a user with administrator rights to do this Please follow these steps to replace your Gigabit network interface driver with the Pleora device driver 1 First make sure that your computer has been fully updated by Windows Update 2 Run the Driver Installation Tool from the Pleora Technologies Inc gt eBus Driver suite menu 3 Find your Gigabit Ethernet Adapter and select Configure 4 Select the optimal eBus Driv
117. l and clicking with the right mouse button The symbol will respond by changing its color and the mouse cursor when you can catch it Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 51 6 Tutorials Formula results are not presented in the IR Image instead they are available in the result table plot and through OLE functions Three of the toolbar buttons are equipped with menus that you can activate by moving the mouse a little before releasing the mouse button This is indicated with a small arrow facing downward on those buttons 6 8 1 Isotherm tool An isotherm is a marker in an infrared image that highlights areas where the radiation from the object is equal The name isotherm can be misleading since it implies that equal temperatures are highlighted This is only true if the emissivity of the object is the same all over the image If you bring up the menu on this button you will see that there are five types of isotherms in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional The most commonly used one is the Interval isotherm It will highlight a temperature interval with a certain selectable width There is a marker in the color scale to indicate the position of the isotherm The temperature measurement value associated with the interval isotherm is taken at the top of the isotherm regardless of how wide it is The Above isotherm will highlight all temperatures above a temperature value and the below isotherm the opposi
118. la to calculate the power radiated by the human body at a temperature of 300 K and an external surface area of approx 2 m we obtain 1 kW This power loss could not be sustained if it were not for the compensating absorption of radiation from surrounding surfaces at room temperatures which do not vary too drastically from the temperature of the body or of course the addition of clothing 16 3 4 Non blackbody emitters So far only blackbody radiators and blackbody radiation have been discussed However real objects almost never comply with these laws over an extended wave length region although they may approach the blackbody behavior in certain spectral intervals For example a certain type of white paint may appear perfectly white in the visible light spectrum but becomes distinctly gray at about 2 um and beyond 3 um it is almost black There are three processes which can occur that prevent a real object from acting like a blackbody a fraction of the incident radiation a may be absorbed a fraction p may be reflected and a fraction v may be transmitted Since all of these factors are more or less wavelength dependent the subscript A is used to imply the spectral depen dence of their definitions Thus The spectral absorptance a the ratio of the spectral radiant power absorbed by an object to that incident upon it The spectral reflectance p the ratio of the spectral radiant power reflected by an object to that inc
119. le results with OLE 6 8 48 Transferring the result table with OLE 6 8 14 Measurement output and units 6 8 15 Inheriting the analysis tools of cameras sssssseeene 63 6 8 16 Studying whole images neret rtt merge dene 63 6 8 17 Studying whole images with MatLab sssssenn 64 6 8 18 FIR Publ image format eere teen 65 6 8 18 1 The whole header data structure size 892 bytes 66 6 8 18 2 The image data structure 120 bytes 66 6 8 18 3 The camera data structure 360 bytes e 67 6 8 18 4 The object parameters data structure 104 bytes 67 6 8 18 5 The date and time data structure 92 bytes ssssss 67 6 8 18 6 The scaling data structure 88 bytes sees 68 6 8 19 Studying parts of images etre ep te tenendas 68 How to measure many images 68 6 9 1 Making measurements in playback 68 6 9 2 Plotting and logging measurement results 70 6 9 2 1 The Plot lOg file fOrmiat eee rtt denas 72 6 9 3 Transferring plot data using OLE sesenta 73 6 9 4 Transferring many image results with OLE sssseeen 73 How to study temperature profiles esses tette tenent 74 6 10 1 Obtaining a profile p 74 6 10 2 Transferring temperature profile data using OLE sa LD How to study temperature di
120. lications If you want to copy information in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional to another application you must first copy the data and put it on the clipboard There are two commands on the Edit menu you can use Copy session and image which will copy the session and the entire IR image and Copy value which will load a dialog box where you can select the information you want to be copied You can also copy data from the result table from the histogram window from the profile window and from the plot window to the clipboard Right click in the corre sponding window and select Copy To control how information is pasted use the Paste Special command on the Edit menu in the receiving application 12 1 2 Linking into other applications Creating a link Start ThermaCAM Researcher Professional as a standalone application Save the session as an irs file On the Edit menu click Copy session and image to copy the IR image to the clipboard Alternatively click Copy value and select the value to copy Inthe other application click where you want the linked ThermaCAM Researcher Professional image to be placed On the Edit menu click Paste Special To paste as a link select the Paste Link option and Picture Object Click OK 12 1 3 Embedding into other applications Creating an embedded object Start the application in which you want to embed ThermaCAM Researcher Pro fessional Click where you want t
121. live images Solution Live image presentation in Microsoft Word should be avoided The lost disk space is recovered when the computer is restarted Microsoft amp Excel does not accept our numerical values Solution We recommend that you select a better measure ment range in this case If that proves impossible there is a possibility for you to switch off these decorations altogether Then in the registry of your computer set the following parameter to 0 instead of 1 and restart ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional My computer HKEY CURRENT USER SoftwareNV FLIR Systems AB ThermaCAM Researcher Profession al XXXX Settings IllegalTempIndicator 0 103 12 OLE tricks amp tips 12 2 6 Security warnings with Microsoft Excel 2007 files Before Microsoft Office 2007 when you opened an xls file with embeddings or links Excel politely asked whether or not the content of the sheet should be updated This has now become much more complicated Microsoft Office 2007 has new feature called Trust Center The security levels that were used in earlier versions of Office are now replaced with a more streamlined se curity system When you open a file with links or embeddings Excel will display a security warning 10771703 a1 C3 d O Microsoft Excel o4 Home Insert Pagelayout Formulas Data Review B Arial w Ar i Ele Clipboard Font Alignment Number Security Warning D
122. lt to quantify however in most cases they are fortunately small enough to be neglected In case they are not negligible the measurement configuration is likely to be such that the risk for disturbance is obvious at least to a trained operator It is then his responsibil ity to modify the measurement situation to avoid the disturbance e g by changing the viewing direction shielding off intense radiation sources etc Accepting the description above we can use the figure below to derive a formula for the calculation of the object temperature from the calibrated camera output 10400503 a1 1 Wien 1 T Wien 1 1 Watm 1 Tam Tren fre 1 o Figure 17 1 A schematic representation of the general thermographic measurement situation 1 Surround ings 2 Object 3 Atmosphere 4 Camera Assume thatthe received radiation power W from a blackbody source of temperature Tsource ON short distance generates a camera output signal Us ource that is proportional to the power input power linear camera We can then write Equation 1 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 131 17 The measurement formula U CW source Tara or with simplified notation U ource CW source source where C is a constant Should the source be a graybody with emittance the received radiation would consequently be W ource We are now ready to write the three colle
123. m Note that some of them might only be able to decompress AVI files not to compress the files e You should always check that the receiver of the AVI file is able to decompress it NOTE AVI creation using 256 colors may cause problems If you experience difficulties please use a higher number of colors 6 7 4 Subtracting selected images Regarding image subtraction as an image conversion function might seem strange but that is really what this type of work is all about You select some images out of a sequence order them to be subtracted and get another sequence containing differ ence images as the result Why subtraction Well the most important usage of this function is for making com parisons You can compare images of the same or similar object s taken at different times in order to detect changes in temperature position or shape Subtraction uses a reference image taken when conditions are known to be good in some sense and subtracts the selected images with that reference The subtraction is made in the current measurement unit not in camera signal The reference image does not have to be located in the same directory as the selected images The output images are put in the same directory as the selected ones how ever To make a subtraction select Subtract Sel Images from the Recording menu Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 47 6 Tutorials 10422403 a1 Subtract Selected
124. min max XXXX Scaling 1 8 Actual scale min XXXX Scaling l1 9 Actual scale max typedef struct MatLab header level 1 0 long type 0 Intel type long mRows 2 Matrix height long nCols 1 Matrix width long imagF 0 No imaginary part long namLen 15 Length of the matrix name 1 MatLabHeader XXXX FrameInfo 1 1 XXXX_FrameInfo 1 2 6 8 18 Image number Trig count FLIR Public image format The xxxx fpf files consist of a header followed by a matrix of single precision IEEE floating point values each representing one point of the image A C style description of the header layout can be found in the header file fpfimg h available in the Examples sub directory of the installation The current version of the format is 2 in which The xSize ySize and ImageType fields are properly set Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 65 6 Tutorials The spare fields are zeroized The image point values are stored starting from the top left and row by row FPF images can only be saved by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional not read The basic data types are Often represents ASCII characters may represent an 2 s complement 8 bit integer 128 127 Unsigned char 8 bit integer number 0 255 Short 16 bit integer 2 s complement Unsigned short 16 bit integer Long 32 bit integer 2 s complement Unsigned long 32 bit integer Float IE
125. mperature Type 2 Number 1 Value 4 IROutput 0 305 558 1094482928 289 0 9 6 2004 5 02 08 289 PM 0 1 305 555 1094482928 332 0 9 6 2004 5 02 08 332 PM 0 2 305 555 1094482928 389 0 9 6 2004 5 02 08 389 PM 0 3 The following lines all have have 7 columns separated by a tab character 7 9 1 The value in this case a temperature Temperatures are always in Kelvin 2 A decimal time stamp with milliseconds 72 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 3 The validity of the value 0 OK 1 Warning 2 Underflow 3 Overflow 4 Invalid 4 The date in Windows format 5 The time in Windows format 6 The trig counter 7 The plot counter 6 9 3 Transferring plot data using OLE You can also right click inside the plot window and select Copy When pasting choose either Text or Picture Enhanced Metafile The Text option copies the plot table contents and the Picture option copies the entire plot window in graphical format 6 9 4 Transferring many image results with OLE If you want to study really intricate things like plotting the difference between two temperatures over time or correlating a temperature to some other entity such as pressure then you have to you use a spread sheet program capable of handling OLE Assuming that you have access to Microsoft Excel you should proceed like this Embed ThermaCAM Researcher Professional in a spreadsheet Insert Object ThermaCAM Research
126. n 77 K the maximum of the almost insignificant amount of radiant emittance occurs at 38 um in the extreme infrared wavelengths Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 125 16 Theory of thermography 10327203 a4 10 104 10 Figure 16 6 Planckian curves plotted on semi log scales from 100 K to 1000 K The dotted line represents the locus of maximum radiant emittance at each temperature as described by Wien s displacement law 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm um 2 Wavelength um 16 3 3 Stefan Boltzmann s law By integrating Planck s formula from 0 to A we obtain the total radiant emittance Wy of a blackbody W b oT Watt m This is the Stefan Boltzmann formula after Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 which states that the total emissive power of a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature Graphically W represents the area below the Planck curve for a particular temperature It can be shown that the radiant emittance in the interval A 0 to Amax is only 25 ofthe total which represents about the amount of the sun s radiation which lies inside the visible light spectrum 126 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 16 Theory of thermography 10399303 a1 Figure 16 7 Josef Stefan 1835 1893 and Ludwig Boltzmann 1844 1906 Using the Stefan Boltzmann formu
127. n opaque material since a p 1 amp p 1 For highly polished materials approaches zero so that for a perfectly reflecting material i e a perfect mirror we have p l For a graybody radiator the Stefan Boltzmann formula becomes W ec T Watt m This states that the total emissive power of a graybody is the same as a blackbody at the same temperature reduced in proportion to the value of from the graybody 128 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 16 Theory of thermography 10401203 a2 Figure 16 8 Spectral radiant emittance of three types of radiators 1 Spectral radiant emittance 2 Wavelength 3 Blackbody 4 Selective radiator 5 Graybody 10327303 a4 Figure 16 9 Spectral emissivity of three types of radiators 1 Spectral emissivity 2 Wavelength 3 Blackbody 4 Graybody 5 Selective radiator 16 4 Infrared semi transparent materials Consider now a non metallic semi transparent body let us say in the form of a thick flat plate of plastic material When the plate is heated radiation generated within its volume must work its way toward the surfaces through the material in which it is partially absorbed Moreover when it arrives at the surface some of it is reflected back into the interior The back reflected radiation is again partially absorbed but Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 129 16
128. nc tions related to session image filing File the clipboard Edit the screen layout View the camera Camera the display and analysis of the image Image and the recording playback of images Recording There is also a large number of toolbar buttons There are toolbar buttons for almost every function of the program Every toolbar button has a short yellow description that will pop up if you hold the mouse cursor still for a while on top of it The toolbars are normally docked to the borders of the program window but can be undocked and placed anywhere on the screen Just double click on them There is also a floating camera control panel that can not be docked to the program window Use it to change the camera settings and affect how the live image is gener ated At the bottom of the program window on the status line a more detailed description of the menu items and tool bar buttons will be shown while you sweep through menus and over the toolbar buttons by the mouse cursor Towards the right of this status line there are indicators of the Interface status and the Camera status as well as keyboard indicators for Caps Lock and Num Lock You can click on the Interface and Camera indicators and get further information about the interface and the camera Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 15 5 About the program 5 6 1 Standard toolbar 10417703 a2 als o a Figure 5 2 Standard toolbar
129. nd formatting NTFS disks in Windows This applies to Windows NT 4 2000 XP only You must have Administrator privileges to carry out disk management work A stripe set in Windows 2000 XP called striped volume makes two or more physical disks appear as one single hard disk to the user 11 2 1 Windows NT 4 0 stripe sets NOTE Information about a stripe set is kept in binary format in the Registry of your computer You cannot move the Windows NT 4 0 striped disks to any another computer and retain the data without moving this information as well Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 97 11 Disk management 11 2 1 1 Partition the burst disks in Windows NT 4 0 Click on Start Programs Administrative Tools Disk Administrator If Windows NT 4 0 asks if you want a disk signature click on the Yes button When the disk administrator has started click on SCSI Disk 1 press the CTRL button and click on SCSI Disk 2 This will mark both disk 1 and disk 2 NOTE Make sure that no other disks are marked Open the Partition menu and select Create Stripe Set On the Create Stripe Set dialog box click on the OK button Open the menu again and select Commit Changes Now On the Confirm dialog box click on the Yes button and click Yes again when asked to restart the com puter 11 2 1 2 Format the burst disks in Windows NT 4 0 Start the Disk Administrator again and click on SCSI disk 1 both di
130. note that configurations with more than one Gigabit network interface and optimum driver have not been tested An iPort PT1000 IDG frame grabber box with firmware version 3 8 or later unless it is built into the camera A successful installation of the optimum eBus device driver You need to install ThermaCAM Researcher Professional before installing the device driver A Pentium 4 computer with a clock rate of 1 4 GHz or faster At least 512 MB RAM A successful installation of ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Select Ethernet as Type of connection in the Select Camera dialog NetBIOS enabled on the TCP IP connection to the camera Reliable cables and electrical connections Gigabit Network adapters require shielded CAT6 cables A camera equipped and configured for digital output Proper settings if you have a firewall in your computer SEE ALSO For more information see the following documents on the CD a Installation Hints Publ No T559004 System configurations Publ No 1 557 783 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 91 9 Gigabit Ethernet interface configuration INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 92 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 10 Standard Ethernet interface configuration 10 1 System parts Standard Ethernet interface configuration This configuration is used for the following camera models Merlin uncooled microbolometer Merlin NIR InGaAs
131. nus 10421203 a2 Z Figure 6 25 Open images toolbar button It will bring up the following dialog box 10427003 a1 Open Images Image directory C Documents and Settings mbroberg My Documents Therma Session images Image files BAE146 IMG CAT IMG EXH PIPE IMG c Add FANS JPG HELICOPT IMG HOUSES IMG Clear all ISOLATOR IMG LAMP HALIMG Deselect LAMP SHLIMG OILIMG r OILIMG CB IMG Sort PCB IMG PLASTICFILM IMG PLASTICFILM IMG MP IMG PUMP IMG SUN CELL IMG SUN CELLIMG View Thumbnails File name jmg seq ana tw ti ffl Files of type All image files img seq v Figure 6 26 Open images dialog box The top field of this dialog box permits you to edit the name of the directory where the images are stored Click OK or the ENTER key once after editing this text in order to refresh the dialog box The dotted button leads to a directory browser 40 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials The left half of the dialog box shows the list of images currently in use by this session The right half of the dialog box shows a list of image file names in the image directory All the files in this list are highlighted by default There is a file name filter field by which you can affect the directory listing You could for instance change img to t img to list files beginning with the letter t Click OK or the ENTER key once to
132. o conclude that optics for the infrared would probably be doomed to the use of reflective elements exclusively i e plane and curved mirrors Fortunately this proved to be true only until 1830 when the Italian investigator Melloni made his great discovery that naturally occurring rock salt NaCl which was available in large enough natural crystals to be made into lenses and prisms is remarkably transparent to the infrared The result was that rock salt became the principal infrared optical material and remained so for the next hundred years until the art of synthetic crystal growing was mastered in the 1930 s 118 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 15 History of infrared technology 10399103 a1 Figure 15 3 Macedonio Melloni 1798 1854 Thermometers as radiation detectors remained unchallenged until 1829 the year Nobili invented the thermocouple Herschel s own thermometer could be read to 0 2 C 0 036 F and later models were able to be read to 0 05 C 0 09 F Then a breakthrough occurred Melloni connected a number of thermocouples in series to form the first thermopile The new device was at least 40 times as sensitive as the best thermometer of the day for detecting heat radiation capable of detecting the heat from a person standing three meters away The first so called heat picture became possible in 1840 the result of work by Sir John Herschel son of the discover
133. o embed ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Open the dialog box where you insert objects It depends on the application how this dialog box is loaded In Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word you click Object in the Insert menu n the Object Type box click ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Session Click OK Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 101 12 OLE tricks amp tips Editing an embedded object Double click the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Session object to open it for editing The menus and toolbars in the application are replaced so that you can edit the embedded object in place 12 1 4 Automation By using OLE Automation it is possible to manipulate ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from the outside You can instruct ThermaCAM Researcher Professional to load images query it about temperatures etc This interface is available from many programming languages such as Visual Basic for applications VBA used in Microsoft Excel VB script available in Windows 98 Me and 2000 and ordinary Visual Basic Some examples can be found in the Microsoft Excel samples that are installed in the Example directory a subdirectory to that ThermaCAM Researcher Professional installation directory A full Visual Basic project is included in the VBDemo directory of the CD ROM There are many books on the market that describe VBA and how to use it in e g Mi crosoft Excel
134. o not contain large and intense radiation sources A natural question in this connection is How important is it to know the right values of these parameters It could though be of interest to get a feeling for this problem already here by looking into some different measurement cases and compare the relative magnitudes of the three radiation terms This will give indications about when it is important to use correct values of which parameters The figures below illustrates the relative magnitudes of the three radiation contributions for three different object temperatures two emittances and two spectral ranges SW and LW Remaining parameters have the following fixed values T 0 88 Tron 20 C 68 F Tam 20 C 68 F Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 133 17 The measurement formula It is obvious that measurement of low object temperatures are more critical than measuring high temperatures since the disturbing radiation sources are relatively much stronger in the first case Should also the object emittance be low the situation would be still more difficult We have finally to answer a question about the importance of being allowed to use the calibration curve above the highest calibration point what we call extrapolation Imagine that we in a certain case measure Uo 4 5 volts The highest calibration point for the camera was in the order of 4 1 volts a value unknown to the operato
135. oard trig F8 Freeze Unfreeze image F9 Camera autofocus F11 F12 Camera focus HOME First disk image PAGE UP DOWN Changes min scale temperature SHIFT F2 Fast backwards SHIFT F3 Stop SHIFT F4 Fast forwards NOTE Some shortcuts do not work in OLE embedded mode 20 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 6 7 How to begin using a camera We recommend that you connect the cables and start the camera before starting the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional program The first time you run ThermaCAM Researcher Professional you will have to indicate which type of camera you have got and how it is connected physically This dialog box automatically shows up Select Camera Type of connection c 5 I Q o ti 3 E a C FireWire Interface Port selection C ThermaCAM S Series gt C PC Card Interface Ole C Thermovision Series C CPCI Frame Grabber Baud rate C Thermovision A320 and similar models C RFlashLink Grabber ThermaCAM SC 2000 and similar models TEENAA ThermaCAM SC 3000 and similar models None ThermaCAM SC 1000 Thermovision 300 Thermovision 1000 C Merlin Series C Omega Phoenix C ThermoVision SC 4000 SC 6000 Cancel iugee8eg amp oti Figure 6 1 Select camera dialog box You do have to bring up this dialog box yourself from the Camera menu if you want to change the selected camera type or conne
136. od IR image In order to get a good image from the camera you should establish a connection select an appropriate measurement range auto adjust it and focus it as described in the previous chapters No matter if you have a live image a frozen image or a disk image you should now consider the object parameters emissivity reflected temperature atmospheric tem perature relative humidity of the air the distance and the external optics transmission and temperature They describe the physical properties of the body of interest and its environment and the atmosphere between the object and the camera You can reach them via Settings in the Image menu or this button 10419903 a1 Figure 6 12 Image settings toolbar button 30 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials SEE ALSO For more information about object parameters see sections a 13 Thermographic measurement techniques on page 105 16 Theory of thermography on page 121 17 The measurement formula on page 131 10426803 a2 Settings Analysis Units l Text Comment Image Scale Object Parameters Object Atmosphere Emissivity Atmospheric g temperature 120 0 t Distance 5 iEn Relative humidity 50 Reflected temperature Computed 038 transmission Extemal optics Estimated Temperature Transmission 1 00 Refer Temp T Beset Cancel Figure 6 13 Settings dialog box It is important th
137. of images on page 68 6 8 9 Emissivity calculation on page 59 7 10 Results table window menu This menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the Results table window It contains settings for the Results table SEE ALSO For more information about the result table see section a 6 8 9 Emissivity calculation on page 59 7 11 Profile window menu This menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the profile window It contains settings for the profile window SEE ALSO For more information about the profile see section 6 10 How to study temperature profiles on page 74 7 12 Histogram window menu This menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the histogram window It contains settings for the histogram window SEE ALSO For more information about histogram see section a 6 11 How to study temperature distributions on page 75 7 13 Plot window menu This menu pops up when you click with the right mouse button on the plot window It contains settings for the plot window SEE ALSO For more information about plotting see section a 6 9 2 Plotting and logging measurement results on page 70 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 79 7 Menu commands 80 INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 8 FireWire configuration 8 1 System parts ThermaCAM S and ThermoVision A series FireWi
138. of the Society of Photo Optical Instrumentation Engineers vol 110 Industrial and Civil Applications of Infrared Technology June 1977 London Paljak Pettersson Thermography of Buildings Swedish Building Research Institute Stockholm 1972 Vicek J Determination of emissivity with imaging radiometers and some emissivities at A 5 um Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing Kern Evaluation of infrared emission of clouds and ground as measured by weather satellites Defence Documentation Center AD 617 417 hman Claes Emittansm tningar med AGEMA E Box Teknisk rapport AGEMA 1999 Emittance measurements using AGEMA E Box Technical report AGEMA 1999 Mattei S Tang Kwor E Emissivity measurements for Nextel Velvet coating 811 21 between 36 C AND 82 C Lohrengel amp Todtenhaupt 1996 ITC Technical publication 32 18 2 ITC Technical publication 29 Important note about the emissivity tables The emissivity values in the table below are recorded using a shortwave SW camera The values should be regarded as recommendations only and used by caution Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 137 18 Emissivity tables 18 3 Figure 18 1 T Total spectrum SW 2 5 um LW 8 14 um LLW 6 5 20 um 1 Material 2 Specification 3 Temperature in C 4 Spectrum 5 Emissivity 6 Reference Tables 3M type 35 Vinyl elec
139. omeone who does not speak your language 114 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 14 About FLIR Systems 14 4 A few images from our facilities 10401303 a1 Figure 14 2 LEFT Development of system electronics RIGHT Testing of an FPA detector 10401403 a1 Figure 14 3 LEFT Diamond turning machine RIGHT Lens polishing Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 115 14 About FLIR Systems 10401503 a1 Figure 14 4 LEFT Testing of infrared cameras in the climatic chamber RIGHT Robot used for camera testing and calibration 116 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 15 History of infrared technology Before the year 1800 the existence of the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum wasn t even suspected The original significance of the infrared spectrum or simply the infrared as it is often called as a form of heat radiation is perhaps less obvious today than it was at the time of its discovery by Herschel in 1800 10398703 a1 Figure 15 1 Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 The discovery was made accidentally during the search for a new optical material Sir William Herschel Royal Astronomer to King George III of England and already famous for his discovery of the planet Uranus was searching for an optical filter material to reduce the brightness of the sun s image in telescopes during solar obser vations While
140. on is over and the output images are displayed you may notice that the measurement units have changed From C to dC for instance This is because there is no longer any absolute temperatures in the real sense Just differences indi cating how much the temperature of the object has changed You may also notice that most of the object parameters have lost their meaning Only the object distance is valid for difference images You may also notice that there was overflow in the subtraction Subtraction has a limit which normally is 400 dC You can use the offset to get around that limit if it is disturbing 50 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Subtraction is an operation that can t be undone This means that if you find out that something an object parameter perhaps of the source or reference image was wrong then you have to change it and run the subtraction once again to get accurate results 6 8 How to make single image measurements Sometimes you just need to look at an IR image to measure it You can look for anomalies hot or cold areas and get an impression of their temperatures just by comparing the colors with those of the temperature scale By choosing a suitable scale and palette such things can be made to appear quite clearly This chapter will however be devoted to something else how to use the analysis tools to get numerical temperatures and statistical information out of
141. op left corner of the dialog box to select the appropriate analysis tool 58 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Then write some short descriptive name in the text field below unless you think that LIO1 will do This text will be shown beside the analysis symbol Further down the dialog box there is a list box that allows you to display one mea surement result beside the analysis symbol If you click in the Solid label box the text beside the symbol will be displayed on a black background This increases the visibility but hides more of the image You can also change the color of the analysis symbol in case it happens not to be visible enough Frequently the object emissivity or distance is varying between different parts of the IR image All analysis tools except the isotherm can be forced to use their own values on these object parameters Click in the box to the left of the parameter to enable the function and fill in the desired value to the right The value shown before was the corresponding value of the object parameters of the image SEE ALSO For more information about threshold see section a 6 11 2 Using a threshold on page 76 You may change more than one analysis function before clicking OK 6 8 9 Emissivity calculation The emissivity factor of an object can be calculated if you know its temperature and the temperature value is well above or below the ambient temperat
142. or the users that plug in out the camera on Windows 2000 XP Proper settings if you have a firewall in your computer That ThermaCAM Connect 2 0 is not connected to the camera Acrobat Reader from http www adobe com Some laptop computers are not equipped with the correct FireWire interface In such cases a proper FireWire interface can be added using a CardBus interface adapter A desktop PC needs a free PCI slot in order to install a FireWire interface card The FireWire connector of your PC may have 4 or 6 pins The IEEE 1394a 2000 adapter must be capable of a serial bus speed of 400 Mb s in order to achieve full real time recording speed 50 60Hz Even when this is the case limitations elsewhere in the computer may not allow full speed With some laptop chipsets there is a problem cause by too much latency in the C3 power state transition which cause buffer underruns This can be cured by a change in the Windows registry For more information see Publ No T559004 Installation Hints on the CD ROM Since FireWire is a fairly recent addition to the Windows world hardware and software weaknesses still plague the technology We recommend that you visit the Microsoft Windows Update website windowsupdate microsoft com to refresh your software and Windows drivers and that you visit the corresponding site of your computer manufacturer to receive its latest updates Some Windows versions don t support FireWire
143. orums visit http www infraredtraining com community boards This software is sold under a single user license This license permits the user to install and use the software on any compatible computer provided the software is used on only one computer at a time One 1 back up copy of the software may also be made for archive purposes Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 1 1 Notice to user INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 2 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 2 General Submitting a question Downloads Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 Customer help For customer help visit http flir custhelp com To submit a question to the customer help team you must be a registered user It only takes a few minutes to register online If you only want to search the knowledge base for existing questions and answers you do not need to be a registered user When you want to submit a question make sure that you have the following informa tion to hand The camera model The camera serial number The communication protocol or method between the camera and your PC for example HDMI Ethernet USB or FireWire Operating system on your PC Microsoft Office version Full name publication number and revision number of the manual On the customer help site you can also download the following Firmware updates
144. placed in the same directory on disk We call it the image directory The full path name of the image directory is displayed in the program title bar You should set it when you determine the conditions for image recording or when you create a new image list out of pre recorded images 5 5 Session files You often need to be able to recreate particular situations such as an experiment during your work ThermaCAM Researcher Professional uses session files for this purpose It stores for example the names of the currently open images in its session files They do however not contain the images themselves You will notice this if you save your session while looking at a frozen live image When the session is recreated the former live image is gone The full path name of the image directory is also stored in the session file If you move the images or try to reach them from another computer in which the image directory has another path you will have to correct this path in order to be able to see the images again Normally every recording of images would be ended with the creation of a session file It would usually be placed in the same directory as the images but that is not a requirement Later when you start analysing the images you pick up the session file Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 13 5 About the program add analysis tools or other settings to it and save it to disk again The ses
145. quet 70 LW 0 90 0 93 9 floor Varnish on oak parquet 70 SW 0 90 9 floor Wallpaper slight pattern light 20 SW 0 85 6 gray Wallpaper slight pattern red 20 SW 0 90 6 Water distilled 20 T 0 96 2 Water frost crystals 10 T 0 98 2 Water ice covered with 0 T 0 98 1 heavy frost Water ice smooth 10 T 0 96 2 Water ice smooth 0 T 0 97 1 Water layer 20 1 mm 0 100 T 0 95 0 98 1 thick Water snow T 0 8 1 Water snow 10 T 0 85 2 Wood 17 Sw 0 98 5 Wood 19 LLW 0 962 8 Wood ground T 0 5 0 7 1 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 151 18 Emissivity tables pine 4 different samples pine 4 different samples planed planed oak 70 20 20 0 81 0 89 0 67 0 75 0 8 0 9 0 90 planed oak 70 0 88 planed oak 70 0 77 plywood smooth dry 36 0 82 plywood untreat ed 20 0 83 white damp 20 0 7 0 8 oxidized at 400 C 400 0 11 152 oxidized surface polished sheet 1000 1200 200 300 50 0 50 0 60 0 04 0 05 0 20 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 153 A note on the technical production of this publication This publication was produced using XML the eXtensible Markup Language For more information about XML please visit
146. r Thus even if the object happened to be a blackbody i e Uopj Ui we are actually performing extrapolation of the calibration curve when converting 4 5 volts into tem perature Let us now assume that the object is not black it has an emittance of 0 75 and the transmittance is 0 92 We also assume that the two second terms of Equation 4 amount to 0 5 volts together Computation of Uopj by means of Equation 4 then results in Uopj 4 5 0 75 0 92 0 5 6 0 This is a rather extreme extrapolation particularly when considering that the video amplifier might limit the output to 5 volts Note though that the application of the calibration curve is a theoretical procedure where no elec tronic or other limitations exist We trust that if there had been no signal limitations in the camera and if it had been calibrated far beyond 5 volts the resulting curve would have been very much the same as our real curve extrapolated beyond 4 1 volts pro vided the calibration algorithm is based on radiation physics like the FLIR Systems algorithm Of course there must be a limit to such extrapolations 134 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 17 The measurement formula 10400603 a2 20 C 68 F 0 C 32 F 50 C 122 F At Refl 0 6 Atm Refl 0 8 Figure 17 3 Relative magnitudes of radiation sources under varying measurement conditions SW camera 1 Object temperatur
147. r image is not shown 2 means half full speed You can double click on the control to make it return to 1 speed 10421603 a2 4 Figure 6 29 Selection buttons for parts of images These two buttons let you select one part of the current images Click the left one when you are looking at the first leftmost image to be selected Click the right one when you look at the last rightmost image to be selected A blue indicator will mark your selection in the control When you have marked a selection the to end to beginning buttons will instead jump to the next mark and the autorewind button will change its behaviour Printouts can be made based to the selection and in the case of a sequence file being dis played editing of this file can take place You can remove the selection by choosing Clear Markers in the Recording menu 42 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10421703 a2 Figure 6 30 Autorewind toolbar button This button enables autorewind mode If a selection is made it will be repeated con tinuously when replayed If no selection is made or autorewind mode is set to All images the whole sequence is repeated The text field to the left shows the name of the current image in the sequence This field can be edited if you click in it You may write A file name including the extension present in the list The number of a particular image 1 signifies the first image A r
148. ransferring single results with OLE If you want to see result values not shown on the IR image or to process the values in other programs then you should use OLE First you click this toolbar button or select Copy value from the Edit menu 10429903 a1 Figure 6 53 Copy value toolbar button This will bring up the Copy Value dialog box _ Obiect Date of creation IR object parameters Time of creation Text comment File name Spot Path name Line Title Area Max temperature Isotherm Min temperature Formula Camera result label Camera result Camera result diff Camera Delta2 1 formula m Copy Cancel Figure 6 54 Copy value dialog box Then click in the left column on the appropriate type of object and fill in the ordinal number in the text box below SP01 corresponds to spot object 1 Click in the right column on the desired value Click Copy and this value can now be copied or even linked into other applications 6 8 13 Transferring the result table with OLE Click inside the result table window with the right hand mouse button and select Copy In the receiving application for example Microsoft amp Excel select Edit Paste The whole result table is transferred 6 8 14 Measurement output and units You can select the temperature unit and distance unit you want the analysis tools to work with at the Units tab of the Image Settings dialog box that you bring up from the Image menu or with this button 104246
149. re interface This configuration is used for the following camera models ThermaCAM S60 ThermaCAM S65 ThermaCAM S40 ThermaCAM S45 ThermaCAM SC640 CPA 8200 CPA 8000 ThermoVision A20 M FireWire ThermoVision A40 M FireWire 10430403 a2 Firewire built in or with PC card adapter PC card PC card FireWire adapter not supplied by FLIR 1909813 4 6 1909812 4 4 1909528 1910399 SC640 Power Supply Mains supply optional with S series Internal battery gives up to 2 hours operation Figure 8 1 ThermaCAM S series FireWire interface amp laptop computer Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 81 8 FireWire configuration 10430503 a2 PC UDMA Disk 1909813 4 6 1909812 4 4 1909528 1910399 SC640 Power Supply Figure 8 2 ThermaCAM S series FireWire interface amp desktop computer 10430603 a1 1909813 4 6 1909954 6 6 1909528 Figure 8 3 ThermoVision A series FireWire interface Necessary parts AFireWire cable 6 pole 4 pole max 4 5 m 14 8 ft A power supply the camera battery can also be used An optional FireWire hub to be able to add a 6 pole 6 pole extension cable ThermaCAM Researcher Professional CD ROM not shown including PC driver software and Direct X 8 2 Software limitations The Fir
150. re the temperature of the tape using one of the following measurement functions a Isotherm helps you to determine both the temperature and how evenly you have heated the sample Spot simpler Box Avg good for surfaces with varying emissivity Write down the temperature Move your measurement function to the sample surface Change the emissivity setting until you read the same temperature as your previous measure ment Write down the emissivity Note 108 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 13 Thermographic measurement techniques Avoid forced convection Look for a thermally stable surrounding that will not generate spot reflections Use high quality tape that you know is not transparent and has a high emissivity you are certain of This method assumes that the temperature of your tape and the sample surface are the same If they are not your emissivity measurement will be wrong 13 3 Distance The distance is the distance between the object and the front lens of the camera This parameter is used to compensate for the fact that radiation is being absorbed between the object and the camera and the fact that transmittance drops with distance 13 4 Reflected temperature This parameter is used to compensate for the radiation reflected in the object In some cameras it is also called background temperature If the emissivity is low and the object temperature relativ
151. reshold indicator Plot area If you would like to change the number of class intervals or the top bottom limit of the histogram scale this can be done by the Settings dialog box available on the right hand mouse button when you click on top of the histogram The permitted number of classes is 2 64 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 75 6 Tutorials The histogram scale is normally connected to the IR image scale but can be set dif ferently Changing this does not however change the class interval limits that always are determined by the current IR image scale Those parts of the area line that fall outside the IR scale are included in the overflow un derflow classes If you want to be able to see and compare two histograms at the same time you must switch the histogram window over to dual histogram mode Afterwards you can select two analysis tools for display at the same time 6 11 2 Using a threshold Let s suppose that you are not interested in the full temperature distribution of a line area just in getting to know how much of it that has been sufficiently heated or cooled Then the threshold function will suit your purpose You can associate a threshold with a line area from the Analysis tab of the IR image settings or the General tab of the Histogram window Settings and obtain the desired percentage from the Result Table window or the Histogram window if you switch on its presenta
152. rmocouple to measure reflected apparent temperature is not recom mended for two important reasons A thermocouple does not measure radiation intensity A thermocouple requires a very good thermal contact to the surface usually by gluing and covering the sensor by a thermal isolator 13 2 1 1 2 Method 2 Reflector method 1 Crumble up a large piece of aluminum foil 2 Uncrumble the aluminum foil and attach it to a piece of cardboard of the same size 3 Put the piece of cardboard in front of the object you want to measure Make sure that the side with aluminum foil points to the camera 4 Set the emissivity to 1 0 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 107 13 Thermographic measurement techniques 5 Measure the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil and write it down 10727003 a2 N 4 NM Figure 13 4 Measuring the apparent temperature of the aluminum foil 13 2 1 2 Step 2 Determining the emissivity Select a place to put the sample Determine and set reflected apparent temperature according to the previous procedure Put a piece of electrical tape with known high emissivity on the sample Heat the sample at least 20 K above room temperature Heating must be reasonably even Focus and auto adjust the camera and freeze the image Adjust Level and Span for best image brightness and contrast Set emissivity to that of the tape usually 0 97 Measu
153. rmulas A formula can contain all common mathematical operators and functions such as square root etc Also numeric constants such as 3 14 can be used Most importantly references to measurement results formulas and other numerical data can be inserted into formulas The formula button has a menu If you bring up the menu you will find some frequently used formulas to add in addition to entries leading to an add formula dialog box and an edit formulas dialog box The result of the formulas appears in the result table You can also plot the result Click the Formulas toolbar button The Edit formulas dialog box will appear 10427403 a1 Edit Formulas Label Expression sp1 temp arl avg Change Delete Figure 6 42 Edit formulas dialog box Click Add and another dialog box will be displayed in which you define your new formula Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 55 6 Tutorials 10427503 a1 Add Formula Formula Name Label Precision Hidden result fot fo01 2 zi L Expression Connect Figure 6 43 Add formula dialog box The formula name is generated automatically and identifies the formula uniquely In the Label field type a text describing your formula This label will appear in the result table window Now enter the expression of the formula You may either type in the expression using the keyboard or use t
154. roaches can be used in achieving these measurements Either you record images and extract the results while playing them back or you get the information directly from the live stream of images We recommend that you record images especially if the object you study is moving since it can be a tedious task to track the moving object with the analysis tools During the recording you will have to aim and mind the camera focus as well 6 9 1 Making measurements in playback While recording you often find that the conditions change It is quite natural to improve the temperature scale or the ambient temperature value while the recording is in progress This information is stored in the recorded images and can be retrieved during the playback Of course you can change the scale and the object parameters even when playing the images Then you can choose among the following temperature scales The original scale of the recorded image the source scale A calculated scale automatically adjusted to the image A fixed scale 68 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials This is controlled by one button on the Standard toolbar and one on the Play images toolbar 10424903 a2 E 11 Figure 6 58 Candle toolbar button 10425003 a2 e Figure 6 59 Lock scale toolbar button If you click on the candle it will become depressed and a new scale will automatically be calculated for every new image as you play
155. rogram without first recording the image the image is lost Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 23 6 Tutorials SEE ALSO For more information see section 6 5 How to record IR images on page 34 6 2 1 ThermoVision A series Camera Control ThermaCAM Researcher Professional allows you to connect A series cameras either through a FireWire interface or through an Ethernet interface ThermoVision model Interface to ThermaCAM Researcher Profes sional A20 M V Ethernet None A40 M V Ethernet None A20 M FireWire FireWire A40 M FireWire FireWire A20 V FireWire None A40 V FireWire None A320 Standard Ethernet A320G Gigabit Ethernet When more than one camera is detected this dialog box is displayed Select Device IRCAMB222 172 16 17 29 Cancel Figure 6 6 Select device dialog box The Ethernet cameras will not be detected unless they have been assigned an IP number like 172 16 17 56 above This can be done automatically by a DHCP server or manually by a utility program which is distributed with the camera The control panel below is used for the ThermoVision A series cameras 24 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10431203 a1 ThermaCAM Firewire Man Cam Dev eale Measurement Range 20 250 C NOF Zi Noise Reduction On v Auto Int Image Corr EX Ez ex
156. rs in that position if you like 6 8 4 Area tool This tool measures the maximum minimum average and standard deviation temper ature within a chosen part of the image and presents these values in the result table window or beside its symbol in the image Results can also be displayed graphically in the histogram window The results are also available through OLE You can obtain the following values Minimum maximum average and standard de viation temperature the same relative to the reference temperature except for the deviation emissivity object distance and the image co ordinates of the area Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 53 6 Tutorials Areas are called ARO1 ARO2 AR99 You create a box area by first clicking down the box button and then moving the mouse to one of the corners of the new box Hold the left mouse button down and drag the mouse to the opposite corner and release the button You create a circle area by first clicking on the circle button and then moving mouse to the centre of the new circle Hold the left mouse button down and drag the mouse to some place on the circle border and release the button You create a polygon area by first clicking on the polygon button and then moving mouse to the first corner of the new polygon area Click the left mouse button for each new corner and double click or hit the ESC key to finish adding corners You move an area by catchin
157. s a Cal tab a NUC tab a Dev tab and optionally a HSDR tab for calibration non uniformity correction device handling and high speed data recording 10755103 a1 SC6000 M iPort SC6000 M iPort i3 sc6000 m Port SC6000 M iPort Man Cal nuc c Main ca Nuc r ca nuc Dev r Nuc Dev Hspbh r l Lens Filter Name Frame Size Status FL13 No filter FL13 NoF 02 x W x H 320 X 256 xl Paiedtothiscamera 50F 194F xi pm us 331 Hz Change Rate Run HSDR Controller Apply Flatness correction Camera Info RUHSOR Controler Calibrated image Internal External DONESUUS Note If you change the frame size of the camera HSDR data Download calibration again Change complete will be destroyed at camera connect B Connected Qo Connected Qo B Connected Qo B Connected Qo Figure 6 11 Cumulus iPort camera control tabs If a button is disabled on your camera control it is because your particular camera does not support that function The Lens Filter list contains the calibrated lenses and filters of your camera The Temperature Range list shows the calibrated ranges for the chosen lens and filter in the first list When you have selected your lens filter and range please press the Apply button The calibration file ofthe camera is normally downloaded to your PC when you connect to the camera for the first time If you need to refresh this information mar
158. ses the units DeltaCelsius dC DeltaFahrenheit dF DeltaKelvin dK and DeltaObjectSignal dOS apply Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 111 13 Thermographic measurement techniques INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 112 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 14 About FLIR Systems FLIR Systems was established in 1978 to pioneer the development of high performance infrared imaging systems and is the world leader in the design manufacture and marketing of thermal imaging systems for a wide variety of commercial industrial and government applications Today FLIR Systems embraces four major companies with outstanding achievements in infrared technology since 1965 the Swedish AGEMA Infrared Systems formerly AGA Infrared Systems and the three United States companies Indigo Systems FSI and Inframetrics 10722703 a2 Figure 14 1 LEFT Thermovision Model 661 from 1969 The camera weighed approximately 25 kg 55 Ib the oscilloscope 20 kg 44 Ib and the tripod 15 kg 33 Ib The operator also needed a 220 VAC generator set and a 10 L 2 6 US gallon jar with liquid nitrogen To the left of the oscilloscope the Polaroid attachment 6 kg 13 Ib can be seen RIGHT FLIR i5 from 2008 Weight 0 34 kg 0 75 Ib including the battery The company has sold more than 40 000 infrared cameras worldwide for applications such as predictive maintenance R amp D non destructive t
159. sion files do not contain any images or analysis results only file names and information about the program settings You may select a session file to become the default session This means that every time you start ThermaCAM Researcher Professional or order a brand new session the default session settings and images will be fetched The Set Default Session command is in the File menu Should you wish to avoid reading the default session press SHIFT while ThermaCAM Researcher Professional starts You deselect the default session by opening the default settings dialog box and clicking the Cancel button 5 6 Program screen layout 10426603 a3 amp New session C Documents and Settings Administrator My Documents ThermaCAM Researcher Pro images ThermaCAM Res DER File Edit view Camera Image Recording Help iu es aen e S sz om e s v 284 2 c r jE ag Ir Pasncmwue s fs ET Of oll Sls Sl 07 47 08 992 07 47 08 991 07 47 08 991 76 Analysis Position z Obj Par Image EX Te gt Label value C Min Max Max Min Avg Sh Image 289 1674 138 6 L101 106 2 97 9 1076 97 104 9 im 2 p fi pail Label Cursor Min Max Avg Cursor X Cursor Y J L101 106 2 97 9 107 6 104 9 241 108 amp IR J ff Results Profile Ee Histogram le Plot E Multi
160. sk 1 and disk 2 should now be highlighted Open the Tools menu select Format On the dialog box change the File System selection to NTFS mark Quick Format and click on the Start button On the Format dialog box click on the OK button When the disks are formatted select Close Leave the Disk Administrator 11 2 2 Windows 2000 XP striped volumes NOTE In Windows 2000 and XP striped volumes can be moved to another computer 11 2 2 1 Creating and formatting striped volumes in Windows 2000 XP 1 Click on Start Settings Control Panel Double click on the Administrative Tools and Computer Management icons 2 When the Computer Management window has started click on Storage and Disk Management in the left view The two SCSI disks will now appear as basic disks each one with a separate drive letter and a separate number normally Disk 1 and Disk 2 If other numbers appear use them instead in the description below 3 Click with the right mouse button on the text Basic below the text Disk 1 Select Upgrade to dynamic disk from the menu Mark the proper two SCSI disks in the dialog box that appears Click OK 98 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 11 Disk management From the same menu for Disk 1 select Create Volume If the entry isn t active you may have to select Delete Volume first Click Next to skip the Welcome dialog box In the next dialog box that appears
161. slated or transmitted to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent in writing from FLIR Systems Names and marks appearing on the products herein are either registered trademarks or trademarks of FLIR Systems and or its subsidiaries All other trademarks trade names or company names referenced herein are used for identification only and are the property of their respective owners Quality assurance The Quality Management System under which these products are developed and manufactured has been certified in accordance with the ISO 9001 standard FLIR Systems is committed to a policy of continuous development therefore we reserve the right to make changes and improvements on any of the products described in this manual without prior notice viii Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 Table of contents T Notice to user iiianoe etra c ies e eec ede are tet ede ete de ee 1 2 Customer help ee en e e I o ete e eia ee P bea N dcs da 3 S JJ danon a Aa oee EE E Aaaa e A Ea EA A Ea a KEA aE SAE REEE A a E 5 3 1 New features in ThermaCAM Researcher Professional 2 9 sss 5 4 4nstallatlon 5 oet etos este ee HL LL LAG End 7 4 1 Installation instructions enaa eee eee cede eee bee eerte es 7 4 1 1 Regquiretrients is ueteri trie ea aeie dette Meld etre s ee Ru M 7 4 1 2 Installing ThermaCAM Researcher Professional sse 8
162. stributions ssseen ens 75 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 10 11 6 1 Obtaining a histogralm eee e sr REDE URS 75 6 11 27 Using atlhreshold etes 76 6 11 8 Transferring temperature distribution data using OLE sss 76 Menu commands sesana en ai ep eee e dette te haia td 77 7 1 File menu 77 7 2 Edit menu su XY 7 8 MUNI M 7T 7 4 Camera menu d d nee e de aed ices ee EE Eee ieee ies 77 7 5 IMAGE ma zoe CHER 7T 7 6 Recording fmenu 5 5 9 hire tee dere c diese Lu eed ses vos A a Pedro 78 7 7 Help menu 78 7 8 Play Images toolbar menu 78 7 9 IR Image window menus 78 7 10 Results table window menu sssssseeeeeneneeenennnnennn nnne 79 441 Profile window MENU eei dne er fe tine cec me ree ae en se rero cine 79 7 12 Histogram window Imenu eiee tinent nec eerta nere mre rae io nera de b edere deat 79 TAS Plot Window Thenu e die eee eie reet en de eee e reor erede ess basin dae da 79 FireWire config ratlon 4 reete tir na gene da de erige 81 8 1 System parts ThermaCAM S and ThermoVision A series FireWire interface 81 8 2 Software limitations iet ede deri vet deer co eld pe ta ep d etg qure sender dee Del s 8 3 PG recommendations cassiere recede erc dera eR e nada De ea ea dde ae Ea 8 4 Inst
163. t s examine the Measurement Range list on the second tab Select a range which covers the expected measurement temperatures The range limits are blackbody temperatures so if your measurement target has a shiny surface with a low emissivity you will be able to make measurements above the range limits An image which is probably blurry is shown on the screen Otherwise click the candle toolbar button to get a better scale in the PC Some cameras have their own ways of adjusting the image and improving its quality See the appropriate camera control description below 10418803 a2 n I Figure 6 3 Candle toolbar button Aim the camera onto the target Focus the camera either by using the focus buttons on the Camera Control panel or the three buttons below found on the standard toolbar You also have the option to use the F9 F11 F12 keys 10418903 a2 Figure 6 4 Focus toolbar buttons Click the arrow target button to autofocus the camera Hold down the other buttons in order to run the focus motor of the camera towards infinity or towards the lens Release the button when the focus is OK or rather slightly before There is a small delay before the focus motor stops If you are satisfied with your image you can freeze it by clicking this button on the standard toolbar or pressing CTRL F or F8 10419003 a2 Figure 6 5 Freeze toolbar button If it is an interesting image you had better save it on disk right now If you leave the p
164. t the maximum rate burst record ings the speed of the disk I O is crucial if you have a PC Card interface configuration you can ignore the disk management chapter completely Until recently the best solution has been to use SCSI disks and write the images concurrently on two or more physical disks that together appear as one single hard disk to the user Now using IDE Ultra DMA 100 UDMA 100 Ultra or ATA 100 technology you can take advantage of the latest low cost high performance high capacity ATA IDE hard disks There are such disks that are so fast that you don t need to use striped vol umes We recommend that you use 7200 RPM 30 GB Ultra DMA 100 disks or better If you have a serial ATA SATA disk that is even better Your computer not only has to support this technology you also have to have service pack 2 of Windows 2000 or Windows XP Vista to make it work Also the NTFS file system has to be used when you format the disk Some advice Use ATA 100 both for the system disk and the burst disk The burst disk must be strapped as an IDE slave disk Connect i to the same IDE bus as the system disk and check that no tother equip ment is connected to this cable Check the IDE ATA controller settings of the Device Manager The primary channel transfer mode has to be DMA if available and the current transfer mode has to be Ultra DMA Mode Some BIOS settings can affect the transfer mode too 11 2 Creating stripe sets a
165. t the scale to the image locally within the PC At the bottom of the Cam tab there are three focus buttons Near focus auto focus and far focus If noise reduction is set to Low or High it will blur the image of moving objects The camera control will block the camera power down function to ensure proper op eration during image recording To prevent the camera from shutting down when disconnected make sure that the power down timeout is disabled in the camera 10566703 a1 P60 Firewire Main Cam Dev E4 c v Show graphics Frame rate 50 0Hz vf Camera Info Device Status emen pus Connected Qo Figure 6 10 ThermaCAM S series FireWire dialog box Select the desired frame rate from the list box The frame rate specifies how many images per second will be captured of the target in question NOTE For cameras with a fixed frame rate this selection will be unavailable NOTE For some cameras frame rates higher than 25 30 Hz may not be supported NOTE For some computers frame rates higher than 7 Hz may not work properly NOTE Use the Normalized connection command on the ThermaCAM Researcher Professional Camera menu if connection fails due to a too high frame rate Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 27 6 Tutorials 6 2 3 SC4000 SC6000 Camera Control This control panel is used for ThermoVision SC4000 SC6000 cameras It ha
166. te Dual above and Dual below isotherms are an above below isotherm attached to an interval isotherm with a different color The dual isotherms highlight two temperature spans You activate the tool and set its level by clicking on the color scale beside the image If the scale has been switched off in the Image Settings dialog box you have to switch it on again Isotherms can be viewed in a transparent mode Select the Analysis tab from the IR objects settings dialog box and select the transparent isotherm check box Transparent isotherm is best viewed with a grey palette because the isotherm will always be presented in the image with red for above green for interval and blue for below If two isotherms of the same kind are present the latest added isotherm will be shown in yellow It is possible to change the isotherm level after it has been created You catch the level in the color scale by pressing the left mouse button precisely on the level and pull it to where you want it to be Then release the left mouse button The interval isotherm can be changed in three ways You can catch it in the upper and lower ends changing them You can also catch it in the middle and move both ends at the same time 52 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials Isotherm limits cannot exist outside the maximum or minimum temperatures of the scale Hence they will follow the scale limits if the span of the scale
167. ted nothing is removed The image files are not deleted from disk by this operation only their names in the list The Sort selection will rearrange the names in the left list They become sorted in al phabetical order and duplicate names are removed This gives you the possibility to arrange the list of names as you like Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 41 6 Tutorials You should use mouse clicks in combination with holding down the SHIFT or CTRL keys in order to manipulate the highlighting of the lists You may add both single images and image sequence files to the left list at the same time although it is probably not very common practice When clicking OK you select all the image files in the list to the left for playback by ThermaCAM Researcher Professional This action activates the Play images toolbar 6 6 2 Play images toolbar When disk images are being replayed this toolbar is displayed 10421503 a2 F fbaca seanu ala w M ET alles 02536192 33424620 OS P amp 3640762 Figure 6 28 Play images toolbar It resembles the controls found on ordinary video tape recorders quite a lot You can step forward and backward one image at a time You can play your images in any direction fast or slowly or jump to the end beginning of the images You set the replay rate in the list box 1 means full speed from disk 2 means twice full disk speed i e every othe
168. tems we recognize that our job is to go beyond just producing the best infrared camera systems We are committed to enabling all users of our infrared camera systems to work more productively by providing them with the most powerful camera software combination Especially tailored software for predictive maintenance R amp D and process monitoring is developed in house Most software is available in a wide variety of languages We support all our infrared cameras with a wide variety of accessories to adapt your equipment to the most demanding infrared applications 14 2 Sharing our knowledge Although our cameras are designed to be very user friendly there is a lot more to thermography than just knowing how to handle a camera Therefore FLIR Systems has founded the Infrared Training Center ITC a separate business unit that provides certified training courses Attending one of the ITC courses will give you a truly hands on learning experience The staff of the ITC are also there to provide you with any application support you may need in putting infrared theory into practice 14 3 Supporting our customers FLIR Systems operates a worldwide service network to keep your camera running at all times If you discover a problem with your camera local service centers have all the equipment and expertise to solve it within the shortest possible time Therefore there is no need to send your camera to the other side of the world or to talk to s
169. text format either log it while it is being plotted as described above or click with the right mouse button on the line in the plot table and choose Save from the menu The file format is described in section 6 9 2 1 The Plot log file format on page 72 If you intend to make long plottings there are a few things worth considering Eventually the plotting on the screen will slow down the computer You can avoid this by switching off the auto scrolling and have the function plot outside its window Then you won t see the whole graph until the plotting is finished The temperature drift of the camera is important during long plottings No camera will be perfectly stable but you can improve the situation by running it until it reaches a steady state If you want to make plottings from images stored on disk do like this to get the first image included in the plot 1 Open the images via the Image menu Place your analysis tools on the first image 2 Add the tools to the plot table 3 Set appropriate settings for this plot 4 Press the start button Ll 5 Open the images once again or clear the graph 6 Play the images forward backward plotting is not supported 6 9 2 1 The Plot log file format The results of plots and loggings are stored as text in irp files In this sample the area 1 average temperature has been plotted for three images On the first line Type 2 Number 1 means area 1 Value 4 means average and IROutput 0 means te
170. the color palette to 256 colors TrueColor gives a lower frame rate but better color fidelity 8 4 Installing the FireWire camera driver software 8 4 1 General instructions If needed insert a FireWire Adapter into a free PCI bus slot on your desktop PC The adapter must conform to the IEEE 1394a 2000 specification and be capable of supporting a serial bus speed of 400 Mb s Windows should automatically detect the new hardware and ask for its drivers which are supplied by the FireWire Adapter manufacturer Disable any sensitive equipment especially disks that you may already have connected to your FireWire adapter If you have Windows 98 make sure that the ThermaCAM Researcher Profes Sional software is installed first Switch on the camera and check that the camera has the Digital Video Mode setting DCAM before you plug it into your computer SC640 does not have this setting Connect the 1394 cable between the camera to the FireWire adapter of the PC when the camera is up and running Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 83 8 FireWire configuration 8 4 2 Windows Vista 8 4 3 Please log in as Administrator during this installation Windows should detect the camera after a while If Windows displays a New Hardware Found Wizard for the device FLIR ThemaCAM select Locate and install and Don t search online Either insert the ThermaCAM Researcher Prof
171. the external trig count stored in the image 6 7 How to edit convert sequences It will happen now and then that you record too many images and would like to extract the essential part of a sequence and or convert it to some other image format such as AVI or BMP To edit a sequence of images open it with the Open Images dialog box and use the Selection Start Selection End buttons on the Play Images toolbar to mark some images Step to the first image you intend to edit and click the left one of the buttons then step to the last image to edit and click the right one A blue ribbon will be shown in the image slider control 10422003 a1 Figure 6 33 Selection buttons for parts of images 44 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 6 7 1 Removing Copying all selected images Having selected some images you can choose Remove Selection from the Recording menu Then you will be asked to confirm it is the right selection You cannot undelete images that become removed Depending on the sequence size this operation may take several minutes The frame numbers of the images fol lowing the removed part will be resequenced Removing images only works if all the images are in the same sequence file seq Instead if you choose Copy Selection from the Recording menu and then choose output format Seq you may select a directory and enter a file name for the new se quence file Depending on the size of
172. the image co ordinates of the line and a string with all the temperatures of the line Lines are called LIO1 LIO2 LI99 You create a straight line by first clicking on the line button and then move the mouse to one of the ends of the new line Hold the left mouse button down and drag the mouse to the other end and release it 54 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials You create a bendable line by first clicking on the line button and then drag the mouse just a little A menu will now appear Select the Bendable line item and start clicking on the image wherever you want the corners to be placed Double click with the mouse or press the ESC key to finish the creation You create a line cursor by first pressing the left mouse button on the line toolbar button while dragging the mouse to bring up the menu Select the cursor item and move the mouse to the place on the line where you want to have the marker and click You can see the temperature of the marker now in the profile window You move a line by catching the corners with the mouse You hold the left mouse button down on the corner and drag it away You can move the whole line by catching itin the middle You move its cursor by catching it and dragging it along the line If you hold down the CTRL key while moving the line you create a copy of the line instead of moving it 6 8 6 Formula tool This tool is used for adding and editing fo
173. the reference temperature are displayed on two lines one line subtracted by the reference temperature and the other one as usual The expression and result columns present formulas and the result values 6 8 10 2 Position tab This tab shows the coordinates for spots lines and areas All coordinates are relative to the IR image top left corner For a polygon area the coordinates are those of a circumscribed rectangle 10424203 a1 V6 Analysis Position z Obj Par Image EF Text comment Label Pos X1 Pos Y1 Pos X2 Pos Y2 SPOL 120 31 SP02 206 96 LIO1 43 89 235 57 ARO1 148 116 251 158 Figure 6 48 Position tab of the result table 6 8 10 3 Object parameter tab The IR image object parameters are always displayed according to the settings dialog box Analysis symbols having their own object parameters are also shown Their labels are marked with an asterisk 10424303 a2 96 Analysis Position 5 Obj Par je Image EX Text comment Label Emis Distance Refl Temp Atm Temp Atm Trans Hum Ext Opt Temp Ext Image 1 00 0 5m 24 0 24 0 0 99 50 24 0 Figure 6 49 Object parameter tab of the result table 60 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 6 8 10 4 Image tab The image tab shows IR image data From the settings dialog box select a set of data to be shown 10430103 a1 26 Analysis de Position t Obj Par e Image Text comment
174. the selection this operation may also take sev eral minutes Copying images in this way only works if all the images are in the same sequence file seq 6 7 2 Removing Copying some selected images Having selected some images you can also choose Reduce Selection from the Recording menu This dialog box will appear 10422103 a1 Reduce size Current Destination Size 154 20Mb Size 77 10Mb Frames 2044 Frames 1022 File name C Documents and NBAC146 3 SEQ 1 801h 4 59 60 th Remove 1 in 2 frames Action Copy to new sequence file Remove from current sequence file Cancel Figure 6 34 Reduce size dialog box If you move the slider in the centre of the dialog box to the right more of the sequence file is kept If you move it to the left less is kept Select whether or not you wish to copy the sequence to a new file and click OK You cannot undelete images that become removed Depending on the sequence size this operation may take several minutes The frame numbers of the images fol lowing the removed part will be resequenced The reduction works only if all the images are in the same sequence file seq Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 45 6 Tutorials 6 7 3 AVI BMP MatLab FPF SAF files from selected images Having selected some images you can convert them to other image formats by choosing Copy Selection from the Recording menu This dialog box will appear 1042
175. tion The threshold can also be displayed in the histogram bar graph Temperatures that are equal to the threshold temperature are counted as below the threshold The threshold does not have to coincide with any class limit of the histogram window 6 11 3 Transferring temperature distribution data using OLE The histogram of each line or area is available in table form if you select Histogram from the Copy Value dialog box of the Edit menu In the receiving application for example Microsoft Excel select Edit Paste Special You can also right click inside the histogram window and select Copy When pasting choose either Text or Picture Enhanced Metafile The Text option copies the his togram table contents and the Picture option copies the entire histogram in graphical format 76 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 7 Menu commands 7 1 File menu This menu contains commands related to session files You can create new sessions open existing session files save the current session select a default session open add images to the current session print an image and leave the program You can also save the current tab as a bitmap file SEE ALSO For more information see sections a 5 5 Session files on page 13 6 6 1 Open images dialog box on page 40 7 2 Edit menu This menu contains commands related to the clipboard SEE ALSO For more information see sections 6 3 2 Transferring an
176. ton Di When the starting time arrives the plotting will start and continue until you click the stop button again unless you had set some condition that causes the plot to stop earlier To inspect the plotted results place a cursor on the graph and read the results from the cursor column of the plot table Click with the right mouse button on the graph and select Cursor from the menu You can catch and drag the cursor with the left mouse button If you have plotted many results at the same time you will find it convenient to temporarily hide some of them by clicking on this symbol on the corre sponding line of the plot table alaja To inspect the graph in more detail zoom in and out using these three but tons The A button auto zooms so the data will fill most of the graph window If a particular part of the graph is more interesting you zoom into that part by painting it with the mouse Hold the left mouse button down while you move the mouse over the interesting part of the graph Publ No 559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 71 6 Tutorials To inspect the graph while plotting still is going on click this button It will prevent the plotting window from auto scrolling to the end as soon as new results arrive The scaling of the axes and many other settings such as colors and line widths can be changed if you bring up the settings dialog box with this button To save plot data in
177. trical 80 LW Ca 0 96 13 tape several col ors 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri 105 LW Ca 0 96 13 cal tape 3M type 88 Black vinyl electri lt 105 MW lt 0 96 13 cal tape 3M type Super Black vinyl electri lt 80 LW Ca 0 96 13 33 cal tape Aluminum anodized black 70 LW 0 95 9 dull Aluminum anodized black 70 SW 0 67 9 dull Aluminum anodized light 70 LW 0 97 9 gray dull Aluminum anodized light 70 SW 0 61 9 gray dull Aluminum anodized sheet 100 T 0 55 2 Aluminum as received plate 100 T 0 09 4 Aluminum as received sheet 100 T 0 09 2 Aluminum cast blast cleaned 70 LW 0 46 9 Aluminum cast blast cleaned 70 SW 0 47 9 Aluminum dipped in HNO 100 T 0 05 4 plate Aluminum foil 27 3 um 0 09 3 Aluminum foil 27 10 um 0 04 3 Aluminum oxidized strongly 50 500 T 0 2 0 3 1 Aluminum polished 50 100 iT 0 04 0 06 1 Aluminum polished sheet 100 T 0 05 2 Aluminum polished plate 100 T 0 05 4 138 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 18 Emissivity tables Aluminum roughened 27 3 um 0 28 Aluminum roughened 27 1Oum 0 18 Aluminum rough surface 20 50 T 0 06 0 07 Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 LW 0 03 0 06 differently scratched Aluminum sheet 4 samples 70 SW 0 05 0 08 differently scratched Aluminum vacuum deposited 20 T 0 04 Aluminum weathered heavily 17 SW 0 83 0 94 Aluminum bronze 20 T 0 60 Alumin
178. tting always stops when analysis tools are added to the plot Click on ARO1 in the plot table which will highlight the line If you click with right mouse button on the line a menu appears from which you can select Conditions This is the dialog box that will appear 7O Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 6 Tutorials 10425803 a1 Plot Conditions Start Now Plot All images Pause Never T Log to file Bewe C Documents and Settings mbroberg Desktop S a Figure 6 62 Plot conditions dialog box Here you can control the way each result series is plotted Set a starting time a few minutes ahead and an interval of 20 seconds for both areas If you have connected an external trig you might use that start condition instead Click OK SEE ALSO For more information about how to connect an external trig see section 6 4 How to trigger ThermaCAM Researcher Professional from outside on page 33 If you select the Log to file check box the results will be saved in a log file irp too in text format see section 6 9 2 1 The Plot log file format on page 72 You can read such files back into the plot window for examination later if you like Use the remaining seconds until the plotting starts to clear the graph by clicking with the right mouse button on it and by selecting Clear from the menu Remember to enable the plotting by clicking the start but
179. uct which has been subjected to misuse neglect accident or abnormal conditions of operation Expendable parts are excluded from the warranty In the case of a defect in a product covered by this warranty the product must not be further used in order to prevent additional damage The purchaser shall promptly report any defect to FLIR Systems or this warranty will not apply FLIR Systems will at its option repair or replace any such defective product free of charge if upon inspection it proves to be defective in material or workmanship and provided that it is returned to FLIR Systems within the said one year period FLIR Systems has no other obligation or liability for defects than those set forth above No other warranty is expressed or implied FLIR Systems specifically disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose FLIR Systems shall not be liable for any direct indirect special incidental or consequential loss or damage whether based on contract tort or any other legal theory Copyright FLIR Systems 2009 All rights reserved worldwide No parts of the software including source code may be reproduced transmitted transcribed or translated into any language or computer language in any form or by any means electronic magnetic optical manual or otherwise without the prior written permission of FLIR Systems This manual must not in whole or part be copied photocopied reproduced tran
180. um hydrox powder T 0 28 ide Aluminum oxide activated powder T 0 46 Aluminum oxide pure powder alu 3H 0 16 mina Asbestos board 20 T 0 96 Asbestos fabric T 0 78 Asbestos floor tile 35 SW 0 94 Asbestos paper 40 400 T 0 93 0 95 Asbestos powder T 0 40 0 60 Asbestos slate 20 T 0 96 Asphalt paving 4 LLW 0 967 Brass dull tarnished 20 350 T 0 22 Brass oxidized 70 SW 0 04 0 09 Brass oxidized 70 LW 0 03 0 07 Brass oxidized 100 T 0 61 Brass oxidized at 600 C 200 600 T 0 59 0 61 Brass polished 200 T 0 03 Brass polished highly 100 T 0 03 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 139 18 Emissivity tables Brass rubbed with 80 20 T 0 20 2 grit emery Brass sheet rolled 20 1 0 06 1 Brass sheet worked with 20 T 0 2 1 emery Brick alumina 17 Sw 0 68 5 Brick common 17 Sw 0 86 0 81 5 Brick Dinas silica 1100 T 0 85 1 glazed rough Brick Dinas silica refrac 1000 T 0 66 1 tory Brick Dinas silica 1000 T 0 80 1 unglazed rough Brick firebrick 17 SW 0 68 5 Brick fireclay 20 T 0 85 1 Brick fireclay 1000 iT 0 75 1 Brick fireclay 1200 i 0 59 1 Brick masonry 35 SW 0 94 7 Brick masonry plas 20 T 0 94 1 tered Brick red common 20 T 0 93 2 Brick red rough 20 T 0 88 0 93 1 Brick refractory corun 1000 T 0 46 1 dum Brick refractory magne 1000 1300 T 0 38 1 site Brick refractory strongly 500 1000 T 0 8 0 9 1 radiating Brick re
181. ure Put for instance a box area on the object for which you know the temperature Select Emissivity Calculation from the right mouse button menu of the area Enter the known temperature and click on Calculate to view the new emissivity Click OK to accept and apply the new emissivity to the area 10427703 a1 Emissivity calculation ARO1 x Old emissivity New emissivity Shown temperature Known temperature OK Cancel Figure 6 46 Emissivity calculation dialog box 6 8 10 Result table window The result table presents measurement data from the IR image and from the analysis symbols You can switch on off the presentation of specific values from the settings dialog box reached by the right hand mouse button of the mouse Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 59 6 Tutorials 6 8 10 1 Analysis tab 10424103 a1 6 Analysis Position 4 Obj Par Image EX Text comment Label Value C Min Max Max Min Avg Stdev Result Expression Image 32 0 105 6 73 6 SP01 65 5 SP02 102 6 LIO1 36 3 100 6 64 3 73 0 17 6 ARO1 60 5 101 5 41 0 83 7 10 1 Figure 6 47 Analysis tab of the result table Analysis symbols having their own object parameters have their labels marked with an asterisk If the difference temperature option is available and selected in the settings dialog box then the reference temperature is displayed on the first line in the Temp column Results affected by
182. ure the shorter the wavelength at which maximum occurs 10327103 a4 Figure 16 4 Blackbody spectral radiant emittance according to Planck s law plotted for various absolute temperatures 1 Spectral radiant emittance W cm x 109 um 2 Wavelength um 16 3 2 Wien s displacement law By differentiating Planck s formula with respect to A and finding the maximum we have 2898 Aus 3 T um This is Wien s formula after Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 which expresses mathemati cally the common observation that colors vary from red to orange or yellow as the temperature of a thermal radiator increases The wavelength of the color is the same as the wavelength calculated for Ajax A good approximation of the value of Ajax for a given blackbody temperature is obtained by applying the rule of thumb 3 000 T 124 Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 16 Theory of thermography um Thus a very hot star such as Sirius 11 000 K emitting bluish white light radiates with the peak of spectral radiant emittance occurring within the invisible ultraviolet spectrum at wavelength 0 27 um 10399403 a1 Figure 16 5 Wilhelm Wien 1864 1928 The sun approx 6 000 K emits yellow light peaking at about 0 5 um in the middle of the visible light spectrum At room temperature 300 K the peak of radiant emittance lies at 9 7 um in the far infrared while at the temperature of liquid nitroge
183. ving them under the same name Thus forcing each image to contain its own set of analysis tools There is a Save As item in the Image menu that will do the job Publ No T559009 Rev a387 ENGLISH EN August 28 2009 69 6 Tutorials In order to make ThermaCAM Researcher Professional bother about the analysis of these images in the future you have to release the Lock analysis symbols button for this session It is also possible for you to lock the zoom factor if you like Each image can contain a different zoom factor By pressing this button you keep the same for all images If you change the zoom factor manually and forget to click the lock zoom factor button afterwards you will be asked Do you want to use your new zoom factor for all images 6 9 2 Plotting and logging measurement results Plotting is useful when you wish to illustrate temperature variation over time Just look at this graph which shows the temperature decline and increase of a hot and a cold cup of water 10425403 a1 3 4453 Te 3b gy 454 Teck ch 135 34 To get such a plot you would add two areas to the live image switch to the Plot tab and click on this button beside the plot table Use it to add the aver age result of the two areas to the plot graph Most analysis tools including results from formulas can be added Click this button to stop the plotting Click this button to enable the plotting NOTE Plo

User`s manual ThermaCAM™ Researcher Professional

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

User`s manual ThermaCAM&trade; Researcher Professional

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

User`s manual ThermaCAM™ Researcher Professional