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M3T-NC30WA V.5.45 Assembler User`s Manual

1. Operator Content Represents a positive number Represents a negative number Negates every bit NOT Increments a single term Decrements a single term Binary Operators The table below lists the binary operators that can be written in structured description statements Operator Content C D CD Adds two terms C D CD Subtracts two terms ant Multiplies two terms LIS Divides two terms 8 SE Divides two terms with residue amp ANDs every bit AND A ORs every bit OR Exclusive ORs every bit EOR gt gt C Bit rotates the left side value to the right by the right side value with a carry lt lt C Bit rotates the left side value to the left by the right side value with a carry lt gt R Bit rotates the left side value by the right side value without a carry Rotated left if the right side value is positive rotated right if the right side value is negative lt gt A Arithmetically shifts the left side value for a number of bits indicated by the right side value Shifted left if the right side value is positive shifted right if the right side value is negative lt gt L Logically shifts the left side value for a number of bits indicated by the right side value Shifted left if the right side value is positive shifted right if the right side value is negative amp amp Logically ANDs
2. Enter a blank character between the instruction and operand Not enough memory Memory is insufficient Divide the file and re run Or increase the memory capacity Operand expression is not completed The operand description is not complete Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Operand number is not enough The number of operands is insufficient Check the syntax for these operands and rewrite them correctly Operand size is not appropriate The operand size is incorrect Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Operand type is not appropriate The operand type is incorrect Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Operand value is not defined An undefined operand value is entered Write a valid value for operands Option xx is not appropriate Command option xx is written incorrectly Specify the command option correctly again Questionable syntax The structured description command is written incorrectly Check the syntax and write the command correctly again REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 76 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Quote is missing Quotes for a character string are not entered Enclose a character string with quotes as you write it Reserved word is missing No reserved word is entered Write a reserved word SB FB A1
3. Interrupt enable flag U Stack pointer specifying flag Register Bit Variables The table below lists the register bit variables available for the M16C family The as30 assembler does not discriminate register bit variable names between uppercase and lowercase letters Consequently BITRO_1 and bitr0_1 refer to the same register bit variable Register Bit Variable Name Content BITRO_n Bit n of data register RO n 0 to 15 BITR1_n Bit n of data register R1 n 0 to 15 BITR2_n Bit n of data register R2 n 0 to 15 BITR3_n Bit n of data register R3 n 0 to 15 BITAO_n Bit n of data register AO n 0 to 15 BITA1_n Bit n of data register A1 n 0 to 15 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 217 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Register bit variable description example The following shows a description example for register bit variables BITRO_O 0 Substitutes 0 for the Oth bit of register RO BITR1_1 0 Substitutes 0 for the 1st bit of register R1 BITR2_2 0 _ Substitutes 0 for the 2nd bit of register R2 BITR3_3 0 Substitutes 0 for the 3rd bit of register R3 BITAO_4 0 _ Substitutes 0 for the 4th bit of register AO BITA1_5 0 _ Substitutes 0 for the 5th bit of register A1 IF BITRO_1 Evaluates the 1st bit of register RO ELSE ENDIF IF BITRO_2 Evaluates the 2nd bit of register RO
4. A0 SP or A1 AO Reserved word is used as label or symbol Reserved word is used as a label or symbol Rewrite the label or symbol name correctly Right quote is missing A right quote is not entered Enter the right quote Same items are multiple specified Multiple same items of operand are specified Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Same kind items are multiple specified Multiple operand items of the same kind are specified Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Section attribute is not defined Section attribute is not defined Directive command ALIGN cannot be written in this section Make sure that directive command ALIGN is written in an absolute attribute section or a relative attribute section where ALIGN is specified Section has already determined as attribute The attribute of this section has already been defined as relative Directive command ORG cannot be written here Check the attribute of the section Section name is missing No section name is entered Write a section name in the operand Section name is not appropriate Section name is not appropriate Change the section name Section type is multiple specified Section type is specified two or more times in the section definition line Only one section type CODE DATA or ROMDATA can be specified in a section definition line Section type is not
5. Description example gt lb30 cmdfile REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 120 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Error Messages of Ib30 filename is not library file The file filename is not a library file Check the filename Check to see that the file is one that was generated by 1b30 filename is not relocatable file The file filename is not a relocatable file Check the file name Check to see that the file is one that was generated by as30 module already registered in filename The module module has already been registered in the library filename Check the library file name and the relocatable file name module does not match with filename The module name module and the relocatable file name filename do not match The module name has been modified Check the relocatable file name module is multiple specified Multiple modules of the same name module are specified Specify the module name correctly again module is not registered in filename The module module is not registered in the library file filename Specified processing to delete or update module cannot be performed Check the module name symbol is multiple defined at module1 and module2 in filename Externally defined symbols of the same name symbol are defined in two places of the library f
6. Function This command assigns a provisional SB register value When assembling the source program the assembler assumes that the SB register value is one that is defined by this directive command as it generates code for the subsequent source lines SB relative addressing mode can be specified in the subsequent lines The assembler generates code in SB relative addressing mode for the mnemonics that use labels defined by directive command SBSYM Description format SB numeric value Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Always make sure that this command is written in the assembly source file Always be sure to write this command before you use the SB relative addressing mode AN integer in the range of 0 to OFFFFH can be written in the operand Precautions This directive command only directs the assembler to take on a provisional SB register value and cannot be used to set a value to the actual SB register To set an SB register value actually write the following instruction immediately before or after this directive command Example LDC 80H SB Asymbol can be written in the operand Description example SB 80H LDC 80 SB REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 201 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Selects SB relative displacement addressing mode for bit symbol Fun
7. GLB Specifies global label BTGLB Specifies global bit symbol VER Transfers specified information to map file List control LIST Controls outputting of line data to list file PAGE Breaks page at specified position of list file FORM Specifies number of columns and lines in 1 page of list file Branch instruction optimization control OPTJ Controls optimization of branch instruction and subroutine call instruction Conditional Assemble Control AF Indicates the beginning of a conditional assemble block Conditions are resolved REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 145 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands ELIF Resolves the second and the following conditions ELSE Indicates the beginning of a block to be assembled ENDIF ndicates the end of a conditional assemble block Extended Function Directive Commands ASSERT Outputs a character string written in the operand to a standard error output device or file Specifies defining and referencing a temporary label PILE Indicates the assembly source file name being processed by as380 Concatenates character strings entered before and after into a single character string ID Transfers specified information to map file and ID file ANITSCT Provisionally defines a section name OFSREG Transfers specified information to map file PROTECT Transfers specified information to map file
8. REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 169 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates the end of a conditional assemble block Function This command indicates the end of the conditional assemble block Description format AF conditional expression body ENDIF Rules for writing command Always make sure that there is at least one instance of this directive command in a conditional assemble block This directive command does not have an operand Description example AF TYPE 0 byte Proto Type Mode ELIF TYPE gt 0 byte Mass Production Mode ELESE byte Debug Mode ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 170 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates end of macro body Function This command indicates that the body of one macro definition is terminated here Rules for writing command Always make sure that this command corresponds to directive command MACRO as you write it Description format macro name MAGRO body ENDM Description example Ida MACRO value MOV W_ value A0 ENDM ida 0 MOV W 0 A0 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 171 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates end of repeat macro body Function This command indicates the end of a repeat macro Description format la
9. The environment variable contains invalid command option xx Set the environment variable correctly back again The options that can be set in environment variables are L N S and T Invalid reserved word exist in operand The operand contains a reserved word Reserved words cannot be written in an operand Rewrite the operand correctly Invalid symbol definition An invalid symbol is entered Rewrite the symbol definition Invalid option xx is used An invalid command option xx is used The specified option is nonexistent Re input the command correctly Location counter exceed xxx The location counter exceeded xxx Check the operand value of ORG Rewrite the source correctly NEXT not associates with FOR No corresponding FOR is found for NEXT Check the source description No ENDIF statement No corresponding ENDIF is found for the IF statement in the source file Check the source description No ENDS statement No corresponding ENDS is found for the SWITCH statement in the source file Check the source description No NEXT statement No corresponding NEXT is found for the FOR statement in the source file Check the source description No WHILE statement No corresponding WHILE is found for the DO statement in the source file Check the source description No END statement END is not entered Be sure to enter END in the last line of the source program RE
10. WHILE not associates with DO No corresponding DO is found for WHILE Check the source description Warning Messages of as30 JOPT and OPTJ are specified JOPT option and the directive command OPTJ are specified The directive command OPTJ is ignored ALIGN with not ALIGN specified relocatable section Directive command ALIGN is written in a section that does not have an ALIGN specification Check the position where directive command ALIGN is written Write an ALIGN specification in the section definition line of a section in which directive command ALIGN is written CASE definition is after DEFAULT CASE is preceded by a DEFAULT description Make sure all DEFAULT commands are written after the CASE statement CASE not exist in SWITCH statement No CASE description is found in the SWITCH statement Make sure the SWITCH statement contains at least one CASE statement END statement is in include file The include file contains an END statement END cannot be written in include files Delete this statement The software will ignore END as it executes Actual macro parameters are not enough The number of actual macro parameters is smaller than that of formal macro parameters The formal macro parameters that do not have corresponding actual macro parameters are ignored Addressing is described by the numerical value Addressing is specified with a numeric valu
11. M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating abs30 Indicates Version Number Function The software indicates the version number of the absolute lister Precaution If this option is specified all other parameters on the command line are ignored Description rule Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt abs30 V REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 129 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating abs30 Error Messages of abs30 Can t create file filename The file filename cannot be created Check the directory information Can t open file filename The file filename cannot be opened Check the file name Can t write in file filename Data cannot be written to the file filename Check the permission of the file Command line is too long The command line contain too many characters Re input the command correctly Error information is in filename The file filename contains error information Regenerate the assembler list file Illegal file format filename The file format of filename is illegal Check the file name Input files number exceed 80 The number of input files exceeds 80 Re input the command Not enough disk space Disk capacity is insufficient Check the disk information Not enough memory Memory capacity is insuffici
12. Mnemonic in ROMDATA section Found mnemonic in the section type is ROMDATA Specify CODE type to the section written mnemonic Moved between address registers as byte size Transfers between address registers are performed in bytes Rewrite the mnemonic correctly Statement has not effect The statement does not have any effect as a command line Check the correct method for writing the command Too many actual macro parameters There are too many actual macro parameters Extra macro parameters will be ignored Too many structured label definition There are too many labels to be generated Divide the file into smaller files before assembling Unnecessary BREAK is found Found two or over BREAK statement in a SWITCH block Check the source program REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 80 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 This section describes how to use the functions of 1n30 The basic function of 1n30 is to generate one absolute module file from two or more relocatable module files Command Parameters The table below lists the command parameters available for 1n80 Parameter name Function File name Relocatable module filename to be processed by In30 Disable message output to screen E Specifies start address of absolute module G
13. The global symbol used here is a symbol that is defined by external reference data Check symbol definition and symbol name Symbol definition is not appropriate The symbol is defined incorrectly Check the method for defining this symbol and rewrite it correctly Symbol has already defined as another type The symbol has already been defined in a different directive command with the same name You cannot define the same symbol name in directive commands EQU and BTEQU Change the symbol name Symbol has already defined as the same type The symbol has already been defined as a bit symbol Bit symbols cannot be redefined Change the symbol name Symbol is missing Symbol is not entered Write a symbol name Symbol is multiple defined The symbol is defined twice or more The macro name and some other name are duplicates Change the name Symbol is undefined The symbol is not defined yet Undefined symbols cannot be used Forward referenced symbol names cannot be entered Check the symbol name Syntax error in expression The expression is written incorrectly Check the syntax for this expression and rewrite it correctly Temporary label is undefined The temporary label is not defined yet Define the temporary label The value is not constant The value is indeterminate when assembled Write an expression symbol name or label name that will have a determinate value when ass
14. CENESAS 7 D TA T lt D D M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler User s Manual Renesas Bones Rev 2 00 2010 04 www renesas co 10 11 12 Notice All information included in this document is current as of the date this document is issued Such information however is subject to change without any prior notice Before purchasing or using any Renesas Electronics products listed herein please confirm the latest product information with a Renesas Electronics sales office Also please pay regular and careful attention to additional and different information to be disclosed by Renesas Electronics such as that disclosed through our website Renesas Electronics does not assume any liability for infringement of patents copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of Renesas Electronics products or technical information described in this document No license express implied or otherwise is granted hereby under any patents copyrights or other intellectual property rights of Renesas Electronics or others You should not alter modify copy or otherwise misappropriate any Renesas Electronics product whether in whole or in part Descriptions of circuits software and other related information in this document are provided only to illustrate the operation of semiconductor products and application examples You are fully responsible for the incorpor
15. Description example LIST ON LIST OFF Example of source file Example of assembler list file output MOV B 0 ROL MOV B 0 ROL MOV B 0 ROL MOV B 0 ROL LIST OFF LIST OFF MOV B 0 RO Line in error gt Error message REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 188 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Declares local label in macro Function This command declares that the label written in the operand is a macro local label Macro local labels are allowed to be written for multiple instances with the same name providing that they differently macro defined or they are written outside macro definition Precautions If macro definitions are nested macro local labels in the macro that is defined within macro definition are not allowed to be used in the same name again Description format LOCAL label name label name Rules for writing command Always make sure that this directive command is written within the macro body Always be sure to insert space or tab between this directive command and the operand Make sure that macro local label declaration by this directive command is entered before you define the label name To write a macro local label name follow the rules for writing name in Section 1 Rules for Writing Program Multiple labels can be written in the operand of this directive command providing that they are s
16. Indicates Version Number Function The software outputs the version number of Ib30 to the screen Precaution If this option is specified all other parameters on the command line are ignored Description rule Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt Ib30 V Extracts Module Function The software extracts a relocatable module from the library file as a relocatable module file The library file is not modified by this operation The created date of the relocatable module file thus extracted is the date when it was extracted from the library file Ifa file of the same name as the extracted relocatable module file already exists the existing file is overwritten Description rule Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name Description example gt lb30 X new sample3 Module sample3 is extracted from the new lib library file to generate a relocatable module file named sample3 r30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 119 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Specifies Command File Function The software uses the contents of a specified file as command parameters as it invokes Ib30 Description rule Input this option using a form like file name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the file name No other parameters can be entered on the command line
17. Special page number 254 sub3 WORD _label_2 amp OFFFFH Special page number 253 ORG OFFFDAH sub238 WORD label_237 amp OFFFFH Referencing Special Page Vector Table There are two methods to reference the special page vector table as described below Specify your desired special page number Specify the address of your desired special page vector table Rules for writing command o a specifying a special page number always be sure to write at the beginning of the number When specifying the address of a special page vector table always be sure to write at the beginning of the address REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 35 Description example SECTION p main JSRS sub1 JSRS sub2 JSRS sub3 SECTION special ORG OF0000H label_0 MOV B 0 ROH RTS label_1 MOV B 0 ROL RTS label_2 JMP main END The content of SECTION p in the above example can be written differently like the one shown below SECTION p main JSRS 255 JSRS 254 JMPS 253 Macro Function This section describes the macro functions that can be used with AS30 The following lists the macro functions available for AS30 Macro function To use a macro function define it with directive commands MACRO and ENDM and call up the defined macro Repeat macro function To use a repeat macro function use directive commands MREPEAT and ENDR to define it Each macro function is desc
18. The following explains expressions that can be written using operators Types of expressions There are following types of expressions Monomial expression An expression consisting of a single term and an expression consisting of a combination of a single term and unary operator Binomial expression An expression consisting of two terms and an operator Compound expression An expression consisting of a combination of a monomial or binomial expression and a logical operator Terms in expression The following can be written in terms of an expression Variable This includes a register flag variable register bit variable memory variable and a memory bit variable Constant For multiplication and residue calculations the constants shown below can be operated on Precautions Except for binary divide and residue calculations you cannot write an expression using variables of different types REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 223 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Compound expression The following shows rules for writing a compound expression Up to two logical operators can be written in one expression Operation on a compound expression is performed sequentially from left to right A structured description command and a compound expression must be written in one line not exceeding 255 characters No compound expression can be written in two o
19. There are multiple instances of DEFAULT in SWITCH Remove unnecessary DEFAULT statements JMP S operand label is not in the same section Jump address for JMP S is not specified in the same section JMP S can only branch to a jump address within the same section Rewrite the mnemonic is missing is not entered Write the right bracket corresponding to the I Addressing mode specifier is not appropriate The addressing mode specifier is written incorrectly Make sure that the addressing mode is written correctly Bit symbol is in expression A bit symbol is entered in an expression Bit symbols cannot be written in an expression Check the symbol name Can t create Temporary file Temporary file cannot be generated Specify a directory in environment variable TMP30 so that a temporary file will be created in some place other than the current directory Can t create file filename The filename file cannot be generated Check the directory capacity Can t open ASSERT message file xxxx The ASSERT output file cannot be opened Check the file name Can t open file filename The filename file cannot be opened Check the file name Can t open include file xxxx The include file cannot be opened Check the include file name Check the directory where the include file is stored Can t read file filename The filename file cannot be read Check t
20. address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 8 388 608 to 8 388 607 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 24 bits unsigned value is out of range 0 16777215 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 0 to 16 777 215 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 24 bits value is out of range 8388608 16777215 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 8 388 608 to 16 777 215 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 4 bits signed value is out of range 8 7 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 8 to 7 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 8 bits signed value is out of range 128 127 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 128 to 127 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 8 bits unsigned value is out of range 0 255 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 0 to 255 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 8 bits value is out of range 128 255 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 128 to 255 Overflow is discarded
21. assembled No values can be written in the operand data of CASEs that are the same in one SWITCH statement BREAK A BREAK statement can be written at the end of a control block SWITCH expression CASE Data Control block BREAK CASE Data Control block ENDS Function The BREAK statement causes control to branch to ENDS unconditionally Rules for writing command The BREAK command must be written at the end of a control block lf this command is written in the middle of a control block the assembler outputs a warning In this case although code for lines between the BREAK command and the next structured description command is generated no code is generated for branching to that section REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 231 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function DEFAULT A structured description command DEFAULT and a control block can be written at a position immediately preceding ENDS of a SWITCH statement SWITCH expression CASE Comparison data 1 Control block BREAK CASE Comparison data 2 Control block DEFAULT Control block ENDS Function f no matching data is found in the expression control branches to the control block that immediately follows DEFAULT A warning is output for CASE that is written between structured description command DEFAULT and ENDS In this case although object code for the control block immediately
22. fr0002 Generated for BREAK _fr0001 Generated for STEP ADD W _ 1 lab Generated for STEP JMP fr0000 Generated for STEP fr0002 Generated for NEXT REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 234 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Function This statement generates an unconditional branch instruction Rules for writing command ACONTINUE statement can be written in the control block of FOR and DO statements A CONTINUE statement can be written in the control block of an IF or SWITCH statement providing that it exists in the control block of FOR or DO No CONTINUE statement can be written in the control block of an ordinary IF or SWITCH statement Example of source description FOR lab 1 TO 10 STEP 1 CONTINUE NEXT Expansion example MOV W 1 lab Generated for FOR fr0000 Generated for FOR CMP W 10 lab Generated for FOR JEQ fr0002 Generated for FOR JMP fr0001 Generated for CONTINUE _fr0001 Generated for STEP ADD W _ 1 lab Generated for STEP JMP fr0000 Generated for STEP fr0002 Generated for NEXT REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 235 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Function This statement generates an unconditional branch instruction Rules for writing command A FOREVER statement can be written in the con
23. is written to the line where directive command END is written Precautions Sections cannot be nested by definition ram DATA Range of ram section 10 program abi Range ofo program section Range of sub1 section 0 work REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 22 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Type of Section You can set a type for a section in which units addresses are controlled by AS30 The instructions that can be written in a section vary with its type CODE program area This area is where a program is written All commands except directive commands to allocate a memory area can be written here Specify that CODE type sections be located in a ROM area in the absolute module Example SECTION program CODE DATA variable data area This area is where memory where contents can be modified is located Directive commands to allocate a memory area can be written here Specify that DATA type sections be located in a RAM area in the absolute module Example SECTION mem DATA ROMDATA fixed data area This area is where fixed data other than programs is written Directive commands to set data can be written here All commands except directive commands to allocate a memory area can be written here Specify that ROMDATA type sections be located in a ROM area in the absolute module Example SECTION const ROMDATA Sec
24. lt gt R Binary operators 8 lt gt A lt gt L Relational operators s l gt gt S lt lt S gt gt S lt lt S Coincidence comparing operators Logical operators amp amp Constants Numeric value or expression value that is fixed when assembled REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 241 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Syntax of Statements The following shows the syntax of statements Uo Unary operator Bo Binary Operator Ro Relational operator Co Coincidence comparing operator Lo Logical operator Structured Description Function Simple assignment statements and assignment statements containing unary operators Left side is Memory variable memb memb memb memb memb memw memw memw memw memw memw memw memw memw mema mema mema mema mema mema memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw memlw Precautions NNNN O NNV NNNN m n m n N lt constant gt lt Uo gt memb lt Uo gt regb STK B memb regb lt constant gt lt Uo gt memw lt Uo gt regw memb regb memb reg STK W memw regw lt constant gt mema memb memw regb regw lt constant gt meml R2R0 R3R1 A1A0 memw regw memb memw mema regb regw Only the data register variables can be written for regb and regw in S and Z REJ10J2006 0200 Rev
25. the section name svector has a memory area reserved for it from special page number 18 up to the largest special page number that is specified If as a result of automatic generation a free space is created in the special page vector table any special page number not specified by this directive command the free space is filled with FFH lf aprogram is written in the svector section while this directive command is written this directive command results in an error Do not write a program in the svector section Description format SVECTOR special page No special page name Rules for writing command Be sure to describe the space or tab between the directive command and operand Be sure to describe the comma between the special page number and special page name For special page No only the value defined in assembling can be described Special page No can be described in the range of 18 to 255 For the special page name the symbol or label can be described Description example ssvector 250 SPECIAL_250 Sets _ SPECIAL _250 to special page No 250 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 209 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Transfers specified information to map file Function This command outputs the specified character string to a relocatable module file so it will be output to a map file when it is generated by In30 All
26. 5 45 Assembler System Description example of assignment statement and its expansion example Structured Description Function Example of source description Expansion example R1 R0 MOV W RO R1 RO RO0 2 ADD W_ 2 R0 RO S ROL EXTS B ROL RO Z ROL MOV B 0 ROH ROL EL lab B LDE B lab ROL lab W ES RO STE W RO lab RO S ROL EXTS B ROL RO S ROH MOV B ROH ROL EXTS B ROL lab_w W S ROL MOV B ROL lab_w EXTS B lab_w R2R0 S RO EXTS W RO R2R0 S R1 MOV W R1 RO EXTS W RO lab_l L S RO EXTS W RO MOV W RO lab_ MOV W R2 lab_l 2 RO Z ROL MOV B 0 ROH RO Z ROH MOV B ROH ROL MOV B 0 ROH lab_w W Z ROL MOV B ROH lab_w MOV B 0 lab_w 1 lab_a A Z RO MOV W ROL lab_a MOV B 0 lab_a 2 ROL EL lab_b LDE B lab_b ROL lab_w W ES RO STE W RO lab_w REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 239 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Structure of Structured Description Commands This section shows structured description statements that can be written in AS30 programming When writing structured description please follow the syntax shown below Definition of Terms The following explains the description terms used in this section The variable name or operator indicated by each term can be written at the position where the term is written Register variab
27. BLKF symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 157 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 4 bytes Function This command allocates a specified bytes of RAM area in units of 4 bytes Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKL numeric value name BLKL numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integral value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTION area DATA work1 BLKL 1 work2 BLKL symbol BLKL symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 158 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 2 bytes Function This command allocates a specified
28. C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Error Messages of as30 is missing is not entered Write an immediate value in this operand is missing is not entered Write the right parenthesis corresponding to the is tiang 2 is not entered Insert a comma to separate between operands B or W is not specified Neither B nor W is specified Neither B nor W can be omitted Write B or W in mnemonic EINSF is missing for INSF EINSF used with INSF in a pair is missing Check where INSF is put ID is duplicated ID is specified more than once in the file ID can be written only once in a file Delete extra ID s IF is missing for ELIF IF for ELIF is not found Check the position where ELIF is written IF is missing for ELSE IF for ELSE is not found Check the position where ELSE is written IF is missing for ENDIF IF for ENDIF is not found Check the position where ENDIF is written INSF is missing for EINSF INSF used with EINSF in a pair is missing Check where EINSF is put MACRO is missing for ENDM MACRO for ENDM is not found Check the position where ENDM is written MACRO is missing for LOCAL MACRO for LOCAL is not found Check the position where LOCAL is written LOCAL can only be written in a macro block MACRO
29. Check whether the value is all right Absolute section is written after the absolute section section The absolute attribute section section is followed by an absolute attribute of the same name The source program may be allocated at noncontinued addresses Linkage will be executed Check the address specification of the source program Absolute section is written before the absolute section section The absolute attribute is concatenated before the absolute attribute section section Concatenation will be executed Check address specification in the source program Address information mismatch in file file The address information in the relocatable file file does not match the addresses information Check to see that the relocatable file is one that was generated by as30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 100 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Address is overlapped in the same DATA section section Addresses are overlapping in the DATA sections of the same name section The sections are located overlapping one another Check to see if the sections can be located at overlapping addresses Directive command ID is duplicated ID is specified more than once in the file ID can be written only once in a file Delete extra ID s Directive command PROTECT or OFSREG is duplicated PROTECT or OFSREG is specified more
30. D Specifies directory in which to search files O Specifies directory in which to output files V Indicates version of absolute lister Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below when specifying command parameters Order in which to specify command parameters Always be sure to specify command parameters in the order given below 1 Command option 2 Absolute module file name 3 Assembler list file name gt abs30 command option absolute module file name assembler list file name File name of absolute module file essential Always be sure to specify the absolute module file name A path can be specified in the absolute module file name The extension x30 can be omitted File name of assembler list file Multiple assembler list files can be specified by separating them with a space or tab Apath can be specified in the assembler list file name The file attribute can be omitted The assembler list file name can be omitted Command options Command options are not case sensitive so they can be entered in uppercase or lowercase Always be sure to enter a space or tab between the command option and its argument Command Options of abs30 This section describe the rules for specifying the command options of abs30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 127 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating abs30 Disab
31. ELESE MOV W_ 10 RO ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 192 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates beginning of repeat macro body Function This command indicates the beginning of a repeat macro The macro body is expanded repeatedly a specified number of times The maximum number of repetitions that can be specified is 65 535 Repeat macros can be nested in up to 65 535 levels The macro body is expanded into the line in which this directive command is written Description format label MREPEAT numeric value body ENDR Rules for writing command Always be sure to write the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between this directive command and the operand A label can be written at the beginning of this directive command Asymbol can be written in the operand Precautions Forward referenced symbols cannot be used here Anexpression can be written in the operand Macro definition and macro call can be written in the body Directive command EXITM can be written in the body Description example rep MACRO num MREPEAT num AF num gt 49 EXITM ENDIF NOP ENDR ENDM rep 3 NOP NOP NOP REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 193 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Set the option function select register Function Th
32. ELSE ENDIF Memory Variables In AS30 s structured description labels and symbols are processed as memory variables The as30 assembler discriminates memory variable names between uppercase and lowercase letters Types of Memory Variables The label and symbol names defined by the directive commands listed in the table below can be used in structured description statements as memory variables The variable has its variable type defined by the directive command Assembler Directive Command Variable Type BTEQU BTGLB Bit type BLKB BYTE Byte type BLKW WORD Word type BLKA ADDR Address BLKL LWORD Long word type GLB For externally referenced labels and symbols write the size every line or use a command option to determine the size The assembler generates object code according to the variable type Function of command option M f the type of variable is not indicated when as30 s command option M is specified the assembler assumes the byte type as it generates object code If this command option is not specified the assembler assumes the word type as it generates object code REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 tENESAS 218 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Memory Variable Addressing Modes The table below lists the address modes that can be specified in memory variables Address
33. IDS OQ seisceeciecvsasscessadsisecelenscedencacea ceeds endseagsiavevieeacedsgedateesdescedegeaciatads EE RERESET 116 AE NEIE O E E OTE E A A E esseeaecevaciessssesstes ee teees A S 116 a OEE ETE O A O E AEAEE N E E A Ces taaa viv 116 G EPE EEA AEE AT AEN 117 DD EE E O ET E ET E Ass vevoedele ase 117 I E E E A E A E E A A A 118 Ri A E E EE A E E E 118 Ure e E e A aeeer tyr reerrec ee ceme a etre merrareeetre rrr 119 WV edad cca Diauviaisadececdadisassessanetaciadcevessende TO OETI E ES EE TT 119 D EE E EAE E A E EE E E S 119 EEEE EIEE ES E E 120 Error Messages of 1b 80 fice eieccacecseesdaee ae ENI EE AR duces E EANA OA AE R sees 121 Warning Messages of 1630 eis ssssscdseisness eo a E dd aa 122 Method for Operating x1 f80 c cc cccesscesscesseesseesseesseeeseeseesseesseesseesseesaeessesaseeasesaseeaaesssassaeesseeeaeeeseaes 123 Command Parameters essari tea ltddiasdvasastes Mateis oetehedatatlide a Aedes 123 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters cccccssseseeesseesseesesesseseeseseeseeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 123 Commone OPtIONS OF XTISO assia E T AA E AE 124 EE E E E A E E E E 124 E E E E E S EE O E S 124 O E E N TE E E 124 E E E ge saedosadennes ade savansgoautencedeaavsinaasentseeseas aes 125 was sonra th tate sete seabed a ceeecas E AO A E A AE 125 Error Messages Gf xif 30 cocccoisccica gases cecsdeadadesssnne cessa0eeta cavenqaesunestagedennacccvecsBiegeyeennedoaibangeeuuesedstaseencas 126 Method for Opera
34. In30 outputs an error If section names are the same and information on section attribute or type is inconsistent In30 outputs a warning REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 25 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Example of section allocation by In30 The following shows an example of how sections are actually allocated Example Three relocatable module files are linked by entering the command below In this case the generated absolute module file is named sample x30 Result of section allocation gt In30 sample1 sample2 sample3 Sequence of section description in sample1 program Sequence of section description in sample2 program subroutine interrupt subroutine in sample3 sample1 sample2 subroutine sample1 vector program in lt sample2 Sequence of section description in sample3 sample3 subroutine interrupt program vector in sample1 sample2 interrupt in sample3 Alignment of sections Relative attribute sections can be adjusted for alignment so that their start addresses always fall on even addresses as addresses are determined when linked If you want sections to be aligned this way specify ALIGN in the operand of directive command SECTION Example SECTION program CODE ALIGN Label and symbol The as30 assembler determines the values of labels and symbols defined in the absolute attribute section These values are not mod
35. Logically ORs REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 222 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Relational Operators The table below lists the relational operators that can be written in structured description statements Operator Content lt lt S Holds true when the left side is smaller than the right side gt gt S Holds true when the left side is larger than the right side Holds true when the left and right sides are equal l Holds true when the left and right sides are not equal lt lt S Holds true when the left side is smaller than or equal to the right side gt gt S Holds true when the left side is larger than or equal to the right side Operator Attributes The table below lists the operator attributes specified for addition and subtraction of binary operators and in part of relational operators Attribute Meaning Cc Performs calculation with a carry or borrow D Performs decimal calculation CD Performs decimal calculation with a carry or borrow S except residue Performs calculation with a sign S residue The sign of the calculation result is made the same as that of the dividend SE The sign of the calculation result is made the same as that of the divisor Precautions No space or tab can be entered between the operator and attribute Expressions
36. MOV W 0 RO ALIGN END REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 152 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Output a character string written in the operand Function This command outputs a character string written in the operand to a standard error output device when assembling the source program fa file name is specified the character string written in the operand is output to the file With an absolute path given to the file name AS30 generates the file in the given directory With no absolute path given to the file name 1 In an instance in which no directory is designated for the file name designated in the command line at the time of starting up AS30 AS30 generates the file specified by this command in the current directory 2 In an instance in which a directory is designated for a file name designated in the command line at the time of starting up AS30 AS30 generates the file with the directory of the file designated in the command line lf FILE command is specified as a file name AS30 generates the file in same directory as the directory of the file designated in the command line at the time of starting up AS30 Description format ASSERT character string ASSERT character string gt file name ASSERT character string gt gt file name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command a
37. MS MSL 5 Global bit symbol information This information includes global bit symbol names bit positions and memory addresses This information is output only when you specify command option MS MSL 6 Local label information This information includes module names relocatable module file names local label names and addresses This information is output only when you specify command option MS MSL 7 Local symbol information This information includes module names relocatable module file names local symbol names and numeric values This information is output only when you specify command option MS MSL 8 Local bit symbol information This information includes module names relocatable module file names local bit symbol names bit positions and memory addresses This information is output only when you specify command option MS MSL REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 49 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Example of Map file FEA AE HE A A a 1 LINK INFORMATION FARE EE A In30 ms smp ID CODE DATA ID Code ROM CODE PROTECT DATA PROTECT 12H LINK FILE INFORMATION smp smp r30 Jun 27 14 58 58 1995 HHHHHHHHA HAHAHA tinitini 2 SECTION INFORMATION FBR SECTION ATR TYPE START LENGTH ALIGN MODULENAME ram REL DATA 000000 000014 smp program REL CODE 000014 000003 smp TP TORE so roe nsec ocean ce scem en samece
38. Operating Imc30 This section explains how to operate lmc30 The primary function of lmc30 is to generate a machine language file in the Motorola S format from the absolute module files generated by 1n380 Command Parameters The table below lists the command parameters available for 1mc30 Parameter name Function File name Absolute mdoule file name to be processed by Imc30 Disables message output to screen A Specifies an address range of output data E Sets the starting address F Sets data in a space area H Converts file into Intel HEX format ID Set ID code for ID check function L Selects maximum length of data record area O Specifies output file name V Indicates version of load module converter ofsregx Set the option function select register protect1 Set levet1 for ROM code protect function protectx Set the ROM code protect control address R8C Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address is OH to OFFFFH R8CE Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address is OH to OFFFFFH Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below when you specify the command parameters for lmc30 Order in which to specify command parameters Always be sure to specify command parameters in the following order 1 Command option 2 Absolute module file name essential gt Imc30 command option absolute module file na
39. Operating as30 Control code generation Function Generates a code that conforms to the R8C Family series Option Address area R8C OH to OFFFFH R8CE OH to OFFFFFH Precaution Symbol setting option D__R8C__ 1 is added M60 M61 PATCH 6N _TA and PATCH 6N _TAn option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt as30 R8C sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 68 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Control code generation Function Generates a code that avoids notes of Clock Synchronous Serial I O with Chip Select SSU or C bus Interface IIC The above register s address refers only to one that is fixed when assembled When this option is specified r8ctiny txt in environment variable LIB30 directory is referred to When the group name applicable to SSU or IIC function is specified a message R8C xx group in information file r8ctiny txt is used is outputted When this option is specified R8C option is added Precaution Refer to RENESAS TECHNICAL UPDATE about the notes In case of High performance Embedded Workshop specify this option in Options gt Renesas M16C Standard Toolchain gt CPU menu In case of
40. RVECTOR Sets the software interrupt number and software interrupt name SB_AUTO _xxx Automatic Generation of SB Relative Addressing SVECTOR Sets the special page number and special page name Control instructions for outputting inspector information The following are the directive instructions for controlling the output of inspector information INSF Defines the start of a function subroutine in inspector information EINSF Defines the end of a function subroutine in inspector information CALL Defines where to call a function subroutine in inspector information STK Defines a stack in inspector information REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 146 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Macro directive commands MACRO Defines macro name Indicates beginning of macro body EXITM Stops expansion of macro body LOCAL Declares local label in macro ENDM Indicates end of macro body MREPEAT Indicates beginning of repeat macro body ENDR Indicates end of repeat macro body Macro symbols MACPAR Indicates number of actual parameter of macro call MACREP Indicates how many times repeat macro body is expanded Character string functions LEN Indicates length of specified character string INSTR Directive Commands Indicates start position of specified character string in specified character string SUBSTR Extracts specified number of c
41. addressing mode specifiers MOV W work1 16 SB work2 8 SB Optimized Selection by AS30 The as30 assembler generates optimum selected or most suitable code for the source statements shown below When jump distance specifier is omitted Precautions The jump distance specifier cannot be omitted if the operand is indirect addressing An error is generated if this specifier is omitted When instruction format specifier is omitted When addressing mode specifier is omitted Precautions For an addressing mode with displacement be sure to specify the displacement Combination of the above The following explains optimum selection by as30 for each case listed above REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 31 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions When jump distance specifier is omitted normally omitted The as30 assembler performs optimum selection when all of the following conditions are met When the operand is written with one label When the operand is written with an expression that contains one label Label value determined when assembled Label value determined when assembled Value determined when assembled label When operand labels are defined in the same section The section where the instruction is written and the section where the operand label is defined both are absolute attribute sections and are written in the same file Precautions f conditions to pe
42. be entered as a name in up to 255 characters Determination of name Names are case sensitive so they are discriminated between uppercase and lowercase Therefore LAB and Lab are handled as different names Precautions You cannot use any name that is identical to one of AS30 s reserved words If this rule is not followed program operation cannot be guaranteed The following describes the types of names you can define in your program Label Function This is a name assigned to a specific address in the range of addresses that can be accessed by the CPU Rules for writing Alphabets numerals and the underline can be used for this name Numerals cannot be used at the beginning of this name When defining a name always be sure to add the colon at the end of the name Defining method There are two methods to define a label 1 Allocate a memory area with a directive command Example flags BLKB 1 work BLKD 1 2 Write a name at the beginning of a source line REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 132 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Example namet _name sym_name Referencing method Write a name in the operand of a mnemonic Example JMP sym_name Symbol Function This is a name assigned to a constant Rules for writing Numeric values must be a determined value when assembling the source program Alphabets
43. bitnum addr 1 1 SB bitsym 16 SB bitnum addr 16 SB FB relative bitsym 8 FB bitnum addr 8 FB The addressing mode specifier 8 16 or 20 can be omitted In the above table bitnum denotes a bit number and addr denotes a memory address Precautions Address register indirect and relative addressing cannot be written Rules for Writing Memory Bit Variable When writing a memory bit variable name in structured description statement always be sure to enclose it with brackets or as you write it A space or tab can be entered between the memory bit variable name and brackets When specifying an addressing mode always be sure to enclose it with brackets or along with the variable name as you write it Description example 1 For internally defined memory bit variable bitsym BTEQU 1 10H Defines a bit symbol IF bitsym ELSE ENDIF Description example 2 For externally referenced memory bit variable BTGLB bitsym References a bit symbol IF bitsym ELSE ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 221 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Structured Operators The following sections explain the operators that can be written in structured description statements Unary Operators The table below lists the unary operators that can be written in structured description statements
44. body its value is made 0 This command can be written in the conditional assemble operand Description format MACREP Rules for writing command This directive command can be written as a term of an expression Description example MREPEAT 3 MOV W_ RO MACREP ENDR MOV W_ RO 1 MOV W_ RO 2 MOV W_ R0O 3 GLB mem melr MACRO value name MREPEAT value MOV W 0 name MACREP ENDR ENDM melr l 3 mem MREPEAT 3 MOV W 0 mem 1 MOV W 0 mem 2 MOV W 0 mem 3 ENDR ENDM REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 150 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stores data in ROM in 3 byte length Function This command stores 3 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format ADDR numeric value name ADDR numeric value Rules for writing command Write an integral value in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand When writing multiple operands separate them with a comma A character or a string of characters can be written in the operand after enclosing it with single quotations or double quotations In this case data is stored in ASCII code representing the characters Precautions The length of a character string you can
45. bytes of RAM area in units of 2 bytes Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKW numeric value name BLKW numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integral value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTION area DATA work1 BLKW 1 work2 BLKW symbol BLKW symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 159 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines bit symbol Function This command defines a bit position and memory address The symbol defined by this directive command is called a bit symbol By defining a bit symbol with this directive command you can write a bit symbol in the operand of a 1 bit operating instruction The defined bit position is a bit who
46. changed to sample not incfile 1 INCLUDE sample inc 2 ASSERT comment gt sample 3 INCLUDE sample 4 ASSERT comment gt sample mes commnad example gt as30 F sample a30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 148 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates number of actual parameter of macro call Function This command indicates the number of macro call actual parameters This command can be written in the body of a macro definition defined by MACRO Precautions If this command is written outside the macro body defined by MACRO its value is made 0 Description format MACPARA Rules for writing command This directive command can be written as a term of an expression Description example The assembler checks the number of macro actual parameters as it executes conditional assemble GLB mem name MACRO f1 f2 AF MACPARA 2 ADD f1 f2 ELSE ADD RO f1 ENDIF ENDM name mem ELSE ADD RO mem ENDIF ENDM REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 149 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates how many times repoeat macro body is expanded Function This command indicates how many times the repeat macro is expanded This command can be written in the body of a macro definition defined by MREPEAT Precautions If this command is written outside the macro
47. directive command ORG is not found in the line immediately following description of SECTION the section is assigned relative attribute This directive command cannot be written in relative attribute sections Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand The values that can be written in the operand are a numeric value in the range of O to OFFFFFH An expression can be written in the operand However this expression must have its values determined when assembling the source program A symbol can be written in the operand However this symbol must have its values determined when assembling the source program This directive command can not be written in sections that are specified to be relative attribute This directive command can be written for multiple instances within an absolute attribute section REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 196 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Description example SECTION value ROMDATA ORG OFFOOH BYTE abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz ORG OFF80H BYTE ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ END The following statement results in an error SECTION value ROMDATA BYTE abcdefghijkimnopqrstuvwxyz ORG OFF80H BYTE ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ SECTION work BLKB Directive Commands ram DATA 3 byte area is allocated beginning with address 800H RAM work 800 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2
48. er ienr irist E ERRAN E NEE ER EN EEES EEEE E REE aaia ira 57 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters ccc cccseeseesseessesssecsseeeseesseeseeeseeeseeseeseseeeseseseeeeeeees 58 Include File Search Directory ccccccccccccsssessseceeccccceeeesueeceecececeeeeuaaeceeeeeesseeauaaeeeeeesesseegaaaeeeeeeseeeees 58 A830 COMMA OPtlONs evsccdessssusssdexacccedsssasouvenseessssswssavesesessstestossdaaxlecesscodussuedeasseesseussasavasesssbosteseowessses 59 sib Sed chd ewedawsetlavad E E vans dslvigseadoacenss davies teddccxivautas vars Babin devs 59 Aren n wee bsehaiaccoed ababads aaa deel ehadous sea aieldabeiant ati ede dade Alene dade chade de aed edad hedows tad 59 Cs ssasintenddaaa vanchenateadesssaneasauues das easepasbeicaas A EE 60 DD EEE Aagdaanace ede nedveng sdnaunddeansds sedans toasts cenccdevaresdenieddecceda van lbesandadedesevaaskaneeedd cansiuandenecedadadsraiaae 61 INN KO o oso es date coca ste IAEA E AEE ous E AEE EA AE A A S AE E T E E AE 61 E E E E E E E E 62 IED EEE E AA E EAEE cdactastaancanencesatassapeade 63 1 A EEE EEE E A E E A 63 JOP T iieri iat A A E A A EA 63 E E E E T 64 a A E O E T EE 64 IG OIG A sooo Sl os sac ees E E E E E E EAE AEE a EE 65 E E A E E E E E 65 O DEN EE EAE A AEE E T 66 I E ATER E E EA E E E E E 66 PATCH 6N _TA PATCH 6N _TAN s ssesssssessesseestssesstestestesstsstssettttstestsstestentessesestentessesstsseeseese 67 RSCFREC E sirelasi aea e ERRE Eee EEEa cdaaasencasdiuel
49. functions Generates a new library file Renewal a library file Generates a library list file Relocatable module fileA 130 Relocatable module fileB 130 Extracts modules to be entered Relocatable module file C 130 Relocatable module file D 30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 19 Outline of Function Library file lib Manages existing library files Creates new library file Updates existing library files Library file ib 2tENESAS M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of xrf30 functions Generates across reference file Controls output information of symbol Assembly source Assembler list file file a30 st Specifiy either of two Basicfunction Cross reference file Xf REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 20 Outline of Function M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of abs30 functions Generates absolute list files Absolute list file Assembler list file x30 Ast Basic function Absolute list file als REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 21 Outline of Function M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions The as30 assembler converts an assembly source file into a relocatable module file that can be read in by the linkage editor It therefore allows you to process assembly source files that include macro directive comma
50. in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTION area DATA work1 BLKD 1 work2 BLKD symbol BLKD symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 156 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 4 bytes Function This command allocates a specified bytes of RAM area in units of 4 bytes Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKF numeric value name BLKF numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integral value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTION area DATA work1 BLKF 1 work2 BLKF symbol
51. in the control block This CONTINUE statement causes control to branch to the WHILE statement A FOREVER statement can be written in the conditional expression This statement causes control to branch to the DO statement unconditionally Labels are generated for DO and WHILE Rules for writing command Always be sure to enter a space or tab between WHILE and the conditional expression Expressions described in Conditional Expressions Structured description Function can be written in the conditional expression Example of source description DO WHILE lab b 1 Expansion example DO0000 CMP B 1 lab JEQ DO0000 DO0002 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 233 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Function This statement generates an unconditional branch instruction Rules for writing command A BREAK statement can be written in the control block of FOR DO and SWITCH A BREAK statement can be written in the control block of an IF statement providing that it exists in the control block of FOR DO or SWITCH statement No BREAK statement can be written in the control block of an ordinary IF statement Example of source description FOR lab 1 TO 10 STEP 1 BREAK NEXT Expansion example MOV W _ 1 lab Generated for FOR fr0000 Generated for FOR CMP W 10 lab Generated for FOR JEQ fr0002 Generated for FOR JMP
52. lab W 0 TO 10 STEP 1 lab is initialized to 0 which is repeated up to 10 NEXT Expansion example MOV w 0 lab fr0000 CMP W_ 10 lab JEQ fr0002 fr0001 ADD W _ 1 lab JMP fr0000 fr0002 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 229 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Basic structure The basic structure of a FOR statement consists of structured description commands FOR and NEXT and a control block enclosed with these commands FOR Conditional expression Control block NEXT Function f the conditional expression is true control branches to the immediately following control block f the conditional expression is false control branches to a line that immediately follows the structured description command NEXT System labels are generated for FOR and NEXT A BREAK statement can be written in the control block This BREAK statement forcibly terminates repetition control A CONTINUE statement can be written in the control block This CONTINUE statement causes control to branch to the NEXT statement A FOREVER statement can be written in the conditional expression The function of and rules for writing this statement are the same as for the FOR STEP statement Rules for writing command Always be sure to enter a space or tab between FOR and the conditional expression A BREAK statement can be
53. macro definitions 65535 Character Set You can use the following characters when writing an assembly program to be assembled by AS30 Uppercase alphabets ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Lowercase alphabets absdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Numerals 0123456789 Special characters HEC EC A Blank Space Tab New paragraph or line Carriage return Line feed Precaution Always be sure to use en size characters when writing instructions and operands You cannot use multi byte characters e g kanji unless you are writing comments REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 10 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function AS30 is a software system that assists you at the assembly language level in developing control programs for the M16C family of single chip microcomputers It converts source programs written in assembly language into files of source level debuggable format AS30 also includes a program that converts source programs into files of M16C family ROM programmable format Furthermore AS30 can be used in combination with the C compiler NC30 Configuration AS30 consists of the following programs Assembler driver as30 This program starts up macro processor structured processor and assembler processor in succession The assembler driver can process multiple assembly source files Macro processor This program processes macro directive commands in
54. multiple operands always be sure to insert a comma between each operand A space or tab can be inserted between the operand and comma Some directive commands are not accompanied by an operand Directive commands can be written starting immediately from the top of a line A space or tab can be inserted at the beginning of a directive command When writing a comment in the directive command line insert a semicolon after the directive command and operand and write your comment in columns following the semicolon Comments are output to an assembler list file Precautions The as30 assembler processes anything written in columns after the semicolon as a comment Consequently the assembler does not generate code for the mnemonics and directive commands written in columns after the semicolon Therefore be careful with the position where you enter the semicolon If a semicolon is enclosed with double quotations or single quotation AS30 does not assume it to be the first character of a comment A space or tab can be inserted between a directive command s operand and a comment Description example SECTION area DATA ORG 00H sym EQU 0 work BLKB 1 ALIGN PAGE newpage ALIGN Comment REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 135 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Assembly source line Refer to the M16C Family Software Manual for details on how
55. name of command option O the absolute module file is generated in the directory of that path Map File Only when you specify command option M MS or MSL 1n30 outputs link information on last allocated section address and symbol information to a map file Symbol information is output only when you specify command option MS or MSL Format of map file The information below is output to a map file sequentially in a list form The output format of a typical map file is shown in Example of Map File 1 Link information This information includes command lines relocatable module file names and the dates when the relocatable module files directive command ID OFSREG PROTECT and VER were created 2 Section information This information includes the relocated section names attributes types store addresses section sizes whether or not sections are aligned and module names relocatable module file names VARIABLE VECTOR TABLE INFORMATION This information includes variable vector table SPECIAL VECTOR TABLE INFORMATION This information includes special page vector table 3 Global label information This information includes global label names and addresses This information is output only when you specify command option MS MSL 4 Global symbol information This information includes global symbol names and numeric values This information is output only when you specify command option
56. numerals and the underline can be used for this name Numerals cannot be used at the beginning of this name This name can be defined outside the range of sections Defining method To define a symbol use a directive command that is used for defining numeric values Example value1 EQU 1 value2 EQU 2 Referencing method Write a symbol in the operand of an instruction Example MOV W_ RO value1 value3 EQU value2 1 Bit symbol Function This is a name assigned to a specific bit position in specific memory lf this name is assigned to each individual bit in 8 bit long memory one byte memory can have 8 pieces of information The bit position thus specified is offset from the least significant bit of memory specified in the address part by a value specified in the bit number part Rules for writing Numeric values must be a determined value when assembling the source program Alphabets and the underline can be used for this name Numerals cannot be used at the beginning of this name This name can be defined outside the range of sections Defining method To define a bit symbol use a directive command that is used for defining bit symbols Example flag1 BTEQU 1 flags flag2 BTEQU 2 flags flag3 BTEQU 20 flags REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 133 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Referencing method Abit symbol can be
57. on the section 2 The CODE sections section 1 and section 2 are overlapping Relocate the sections so that they will not overlap ROMDATA section section 1 is overlapped on the section 2 The ROMDATA sections section 1 and section 2 are overlapping Relocate the sections so that they will not overlap section is written after the same name of relocatable section A relative attribute section is followed by an absolute attribute section of the same name section Make sure that relative attribute is located after absolute attribute symbol is multiple defined The symbol symbol is defined twice or more Check external symbol names symbol value is undefined The value of the symbol symbol is not defined yet The program will be processed assuming values 0 Check the symbol values Absolute section section is relocated Absolute section section is going to be relocated Correct the section locating specification Address is overlapped in CODE section section Addresses are overlapping in a CODE section named section Relocate the section so that its addresses will not overlap Address is overlapped in ROMDATA section section Addresses are overlapping in a ROMDATA section named section Relocate the section so that its addresses will not overlap Can t close file file The file file cannot be closed Check the directory information Can
58. operand file name Acharacter string that includes directive command FILE or can be written Nesting level of include files is within 9 Precautions Do not specify INCLUDE the file itself within the include file Description example INCLUDE _ initial a30 INCLUDE FILE inc REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 183 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Provisionally defines a section name Function Provisionally defines a section name This is a C language startup only directive command Precautions This directive command is generated by the C language startup initsct c initialization function and is usable in only a compiler Format INITSCT section name section type align INITSCT section name section type noalign Description rules Be sure to put a space or a tab between this directive instruction and the operand Separate a section name and a section type by use of a comma Separate a section type and align or noalign by use of a comma For the section type write CODE ROMDATA or DATA If align is specified the address in which to store the code for the line that immediately follows this directive command is corrected to be 2 4 or 8 byte aligned Description example initsct bss NE data align get alignment initsct bss NO data noalign snot get alignment REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tE
59. option isn t processed Description rule Always specify this command option in capital letters Add ID to the ID code To directly specify an ID code specify ID followed by a number Example 1 IDCodeNot ID code 436F64654E6F31 Address FFFDF FFFE3 FFFEB FFFEF FFFF3 FFFF7 FFFFB data 43 6F 64 65 4E 6F 31 Example 2 IDCode ID code 436F6465000000 Example 3 ID1234567 ID code 31323334353637 Example 4 ID 49562137856132 ID code 495621378561 32 Example 5 ID 1234567 ID code 12345670000000 Example 6 ID ID code FFFFFFFFFFFFFF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 107 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Selects Maximum Length of Data Record Area Function The data record length of the Motorola S format is set to 32 bytes The data record length of the Intel HEX format is set to 32 bytes Description rule Specify this option before entering a file name Description example gt Imc30 L debug Specifies Output File Name Function Specify the file name of the machine language file generated by Imc30 Apath can be specified in the file name The extension of the file name can be specified A default extension is used for the generated file mot for the Motorola S format and hex for the Intel HEX format An output file is output in the directory which is the same as the specifie
60. parent directory of the current directory gt as30 sample O tmp The relocatable module file assembler error tag file and assembler list file are generated in the work asmout directory on drive c gt as30 Oc work asmout sample L T Process Structured Description Command Function The software processes the structured description commands written in the assembly source file Description rule This option can be specified at any position of the command line When using structured description commands be sure to specify this option Description example gt as30 P LS sample The software processes the structured description commands written in the assembly source file and outputs the expanded sections to an assembly list file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 66 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Escaping precautions on the timer functions for three phase motor control Function Generates code to escape precautions on the timer functions for three phase motor control Precaution Refer to TECHNICAL NEWS for details about the precautions discussed here The escape code is generated only when a value is written to the address indicated by the Timer A1 1 Register TA11 Timer A2 1 Register TA21 or Timer A4 1 Register TA41 by using the MOV instruction word length The above address refers only to one that is fixed when assembl
61. sample2 Specifies Command File Function The software starts up In30 by using the contents of the specified file as the command parameters Description rule Input this option using a form like file name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the file name No other parameters can be written on the command line Description example gt In30 cmdfile REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 96 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Error Messages of In30 loc section section is multiple defined The section name specified by the loc option here has already been defined before Check the section name loc section section is not found The section specified by the loc option cannot be found Check the section name order section section is multiple defined The section name specified with order is defined twice or more Make sure that sections are defined only once order section section is not found The section specified with order cannot be found Check the section name and re run VECT option parameter symbol is undefined The symbol symbol specified with VECT is not defined yet Check the symbol name VECTN option parameter symbol is undefined The symbol symbol specified in VECTN is undefined Check the symbol name CODE section section 1 is overlapped
62. sections according to the linking sequence thus determined REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 29 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Management of Include File The as30 assembler can read an include file into any desired line of the source program This facility can be used to improve the legibility of your program Rules for Writing Include File To write an include file follow the same rules that you follow for writing a source program Precautions Directive command END cannot be written in an include file Reading Include File into Source Program Write the file name you want to be read in the operand of directive command INCLUDE All contents of the include file are read into the position of this line Example INCLUDE _ initial inc Example of source file sample a30 Example of include file initial inc memory DATA 10 A0 0 work A0 init AO initial loop program CODE 0 flags After source file is assembled SECTION memory DATA BLKB 10 BLKW 1 SECTION init INCLUDE initial 10 A0 MOV 0 work A0 INC JNZ MOV W SECTION program CODE Address output by as30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 30 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Code Selection by AS30 The as30 assembler is designed to choose the shortest code possible from the M16C family s addres
63. specified at the same time as this option Description example gt Imc30 ofsregx FF debug Set levet1 for ROM code protect Function Function For details on the ROM code protect function see the hardware manual of the microcomputer 3F is stored in ROM code protect control address f you filled in protect code store address with value when this option is specified the protect code is changed When this option is not specified filling value is output Precaution When assembler directive command ID OFSREG or PROTECT is described this option isn t processed Description rule Always specify this command option in small letters protectx option cannot be specified at the same time as this option R8C and ofsregx option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description example gt Imc30 protect1 sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 109 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Set the ROM code protect control address Function For details on the ROM code protect function see the hardware manual of the microcomputer A specified value is stored in ROM code protect control address f you filled in protect code store address with value when this option is specified the protect code is changed When this option is not specified filling value is output Precaution When assembler
64. t close temporary file The temporary file cannot be closed Check the remaining storage capacity of the disk Can t create file file The file file cannot be created Check the directory information Can t create temporary file A temporary file cannot be created Check to see if the directory is write protected REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 97 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Can t generate automatically the variable interrupt vector table The linker cannot automatically generate a variable vector table If a variable vector table is to be automatically generated do not write a program in the vector section Can t generate automatically the special page vector table The linker cannot automatically generate the special page vector table If the special page vector table is to be automatically generated do not write a program in the svector section Can t open file file The file file cannot be opened Check the file name Can t open temporary file The temporary file cannot be opened Check the directory information Can t remove file file The file file cannot be deleted Check the permission of the file Can t remove temporary file The temporary file cannot be deleted Check the permission of the file Can t registered symbol in the list Symbols cannot be registered in a
65. than once in the file PROTECT and OFSREG can be written only once in a file Delete extra PROTECT s or OFSREG s Global function xxx is never used The global function xxx is not used once Check to see if it is a necessary function JMP S instruction exist at end of bank address xxxxx The jump address of a short jump instruction overlaps a bank boundary Use the directive command SJMP to control code generation so that short jump instructions will not be generated at such a position Local function xxx is never used The local function xxx is not used once Check to see if it is a necessary function Object format version mismatch in file file The version information in the relocatable file or library file file does not match the version information Check to see that the relocatable file or library file is one that was generated by the AS30 program Regenerate the file as necessary If this error occurs please contact tool support personnel Section type mismatch section Sections of the same name section have different section types Check the section types in the source file The free area s address in vector table isn t specified The free area s address in vector table isn t specified Check the free area in vector table REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 101 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for
66. the absolute list file is derived by changing the extension of the assembler list file 1st to als sample lst gt sample als Directory for absolute list file generated If command option O is specified the absolute list file is generated in that directory Otherwise the file is generated in the current directory REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 54 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Starting Up Program This section explains the basic method for operating each program included with AS80 Precautions on Entering Commands Use the MS DOS prompt to input a command AS30 allows use of the period in only one place of a file name Structure of Command Line Input the following information on a command line Program Name This is the name of a program you want to use Command Parameter All information necessary to execute a program correctly is called command parameters For example command parameters include the file names to be processed by the program you are going to start up and the command options that indicate program functions using symbols Command parameters include the following information File name This means the name of a file to be processed by the program started up Command option Specify command options on the command line to use the functions of AS30 programs REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 359 M16C Series R8C Family C Compil
67. the label name Description example SECTION value ROMDATA LWORD 1 LWORD data LWORD symbol LWORD symbol 1 LWORD 1 2 3 4 5 END LWORD data REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 190 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines macro name and beginning of macro body Function This command defines a macro name This command indicates the beginning of macro definition Description format Macro definition macro name MACRO formal parameter formal parameter body ENDM Macro call macro name actual parameter actual parameter Rules for writing command Always be sure to write a macro name To write a macro name follow the rules for writing name in Section 1 Rules for Writing Program Formal parameters can be defined in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between this directive command and the macro formal parameter Space or tab can be written between this directive command and the macro name Rules for writing formal parameter To write a macro formal parameter name follow the rules for writing name in Section 1 Rules for Writing Program When defining a macro formal parameter use a name that is unique including nested macro definitions When defining multiple formal parameters separate the formal parameters with a comma as you write them Always make sure tha
68. the relocatable module file into absolute values in the following manner Addresses determined after relocating sections are made the absolute address Inthe following cases In30 outputs a warning If the determined actual address lies outside the range of branch instructions and addressing modes determined by as30 Library File Referencing Function If all of the following conditions are met 1n30 links relocatable modules entered in a library file Condition 1 Library file reference was specified on the command line Condition 2 After all specified relocatable module files have been allocated some global labels remain whose values are depending determination Precaution The In30 editor links the entire relocatable module where necessary global labels are defined REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 28 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Rules for referencing library modules The 1In30 editor determines the relocatable modules to be linked in the order described below A relocatable module that has been determined to be linked is relocated section by section Sections are relocated in the same way as sections are relocated in a relocatable module file 1 The In30 first searches the global label information of relocatable modules entered in a library file Relocatable modules are referenced in the order they are entered in the library file 2 The labels searched from the
69. this option and the numeric value or label name Always be sure to use hexadecimal notation when entering a numeric value f the numeric value begins with an alphabet a to f always be sure to add O at the beginning of the value as you enter it This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example The address value in global label num is specified for the entry address of sample1 x30 In30 sample1 sample2 E num 0000 is specified for the entry address of sample1 x30 In30 sample1 sample2 E 0f0000 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 84 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Outputs Source Debug Information Function The software outputs information on C language or macro description source lines to an absolute module file The absolute module files generated without specifying this option cannot be debugged at the source line level Precaution If the absolute module file is derived by linking the relocatable module files that were generated by specifying option N to disable line information output when executing as30 it cannot be debugged at the source line level even when you have specified this option G when executing In30 Source debug information is output to an absolute module file Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example In3
70. three phase motor control R8C Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address area is OH to OFFFFH R8CE Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address area is OH to OFFFFFH R8Cxx Generates a code that avoids notes of Clock Synchronous Serial I O with Chip Select SSU or I C bus Interface IIC S Specifies that local symbol information be output T Generates an assembler error tag file V Indicates the version of the assembler system program X Invokes an external program as a tag file argument REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 57 2tENESAS M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below to specify the command parameters of as30 Order in which to specify command parameter Command parameters can be specified in any desired order as30 assembly source file command option Assembly source file name essential Always be sure to specify one or more assembly source file names Apath can be specified for the assembly source file name Up to 80 assembly source file names can be specified Precaution If any of the multiple assembly source files thus specified contains an error that file is not processed in the subsequent processing stages Assembly source files with extension a30 can have their extensions omitted when you s
71. to be assembled Function When all conditions are false this command indicates the beginning of the lines to be assembled In this case lines are assembled up to and not including the line where directive command ENDIF is written Description format AF conditional expression body ELSE conditional expression body ENDIF AF conditional expression body ELIF conditional expression body ELSE body ENDIF Rules for writing command This directive command can be written less than once in a conditional assemble block This directive command does not have an operand Description example AF TYPE 0 byte Proto Type Mode ELIF TYPE gt 0 byte Mass Production Mode ELSE byte Debug Mode ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 168 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Declares end of assemble source Function This command declares the end of the source program The assembler only outputs the contents written in the subsequent lines after this directive command to a list file and does not perform code generation and other processing Description format END Rules for writing command There must always be at least one of this directive command in one assembly source file Precautions The as30 assembler does not detect errors in the subsequent lines after this directive command either Description example END
72. variable INC30 is set the software also searches the directory that is set in INC30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 58 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 as30 Command Options The following pages describe rules you need to follow when specifying command options Disables Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when as30 is processing This command option disables unnecessary messages such as copyright notes from being output to the screen when executing as30 in batch processing Error messages warning messages and messages deriving from the directive command ASSERT are output however Description rule This command option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt as30 sample If processing of sample resulted in generating an error the following output will be obtained gt as30 sample sample a30 2 Error as30 Section type is not appropriate Evaluate Mnemonic Operand Function The software outputs a warning if for a mnemonic where both immediate and address values can be written the symbol to indicate that the operand is an immediate is not written in it Precautions The warning is output if the operand is a numeric value except labels or a symbol whose value is fixed when assembled Description rule This option can be specified at any position
73. write in the operand is less than three characters When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example SECTION value ROMDATA ADDR 1 ADDR dat a ADDR symbol ADDR symbol 1 ADDR 1 2 3 4 5 END ADDR dat REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 151 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Corrects odd addresses to even addresses Function This command corrects the address to an even address at which code in the line immediately following description of the command is stored If the section type is CODE or ROMDATA the NOP code 04H is written into an address that has been emptied as a result of address correction lf the section type is DATA the address value is incremented by 1 Address correction is not performed if the address in which this command is written is an even address Description format ALIGN Rule for writing command This directive command can be written in a section that falls under the conditions below A relative attribute section in which address correction is directed when defining the section SECTION program CODE ALIGN An absolute atiribute section SECTION program CODE ORG 0e000H Description example SECTION program CODE ALIGN MOV W 0 RO ALIGN END SECTION program CODE ORG Of000H
74. 0 G sample1 sample2 Optimizes the branch instruction referencing the global label Function This option is used to optimize the branch instructions JMP amp JSR that are making reference to the global label Precautions When this option is specified always specify the nc30 OGJ Oglb_jmp and as30 JOPT options When this option was specified the branch information file extent jin is generated Do not edit the branch information file Also avoid using the extent jin When the directive command OPTJ is being used simultaneously with this option this option becomes effective When this option is specified execute nc30 as30 and In30 at the same directory Description rule This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt In30 JOPT sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 85 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Specifies Library File Name Function Specify the library file name to be referenced when linking files The In30 editor reads global symbol information from the specified library file as it links the necessary relocatable modules Description rule Input this option using a form like L library file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the file name This option can be specified at any position on the command line A path c
75. 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 197 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Breaks pages at specified position of list file Function This command causes pages in the assembler list file to break The character string written in the operand is output to the header section in the new page of the assembler list file Precautions The maximum number of characters that can be output to the header is value subtracted 65 from the number of columns in the list file Use directive command FORM to set the number of columns in the list file Description format PAGE character string PAGE character string Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Enclose the operand with single quotations or double quotations as you write it The operand can be omitted Description example PAGE PAGE _ strings PAGE _ strings REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 198 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Set the ROM code protect control address Function The specified value is stored in ROM code protect control address The specified value is output the map file The value set to the ROM code protection control address is output also to the absolute module file x30 Precaution For details on the ROM code protect function see the har
76. 00 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 41 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions INC30 The assembler as30 retrieves include files written in the assembly source file from the directory set in INC380 Multiple directories can be specified If multiple directories are specified as30 searches the directories sequentially from left to right in the order they are written LIB30 The 1n80 retrieves library file to link from directory that is set in thes environment variable Multiple directories can be specified If multiple directories are specified as30 searches the directories sequentially from left to right in the order they are written TMP30 Programs generate a work file necessary to process files in the directory that is set in this environment variable The work file normally is erased after as30 finishes its processing Example of setting environment variable Separate the directory names with a semicolon as you write them SET INC30 C COMMON C PROJECT REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 42 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Output messages The programs are included this products output information of process to screen Error Messages This chapter describes the error messages output by each AS30 program Types of Errors There are following two types of error messages Error message This refers to an error encounter
77. 06 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Set ID code for ID check Function Function For details on the ID code check see the hardware manual of the microcomputer The specified ID code is stored as 8 bit data in ID store addresses And FF is stored in ROM code protect control address or option function select register option Address for ID Code Stored Non FFFDF FFFE3 FFFEB FFFEF FFFF3 FFFF7 FFFFB R8C FFDF FFE3 FFEB FFEF FFF3 FFF7 FFFB When options protect1 protectx ofsregx to use ROM code protect function or option function select register is specified the following protect code is filled in protect code store address or register store address ID protect1 protectx code ofsregx Specify Specify Option setting value Specify Non FF Non Specify Option setting value Non Non Value filling in source program lf you filled in ID store addresses with value in your source program when this option is specified the data of ID store addresses are always changed Without this option the filling data are output When this option alone is specified ID code is FFFFFFFFFFFFFF e An ID file extension id is created to display ID codes set with this option The specified ID code is stored as an ASCII code Precaution When assembler directive command ID OFSREG or PROTECT is described this
78. 06 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 24 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Section Management by In30 Sections of the same names in all files are arranged in order of files specified Absolute addresses are determined sequentially beginning with the first section thus sorted Start addresses of sections are determined sequentially beginning with O unless otherwise specified Sections that differ each other are located at contiguous addresses unless otherwise specified Addresses determined by In30 if addresses are not specified as In30 starts up SECTION B Absolute module file 00000 SECTION SECTION ___ Absolute attribute section i Operand value of ORG SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION SECTION Rules for section allocation by In30 Sections of the same name are allocated in order of files specified Sections are allocated in the order they are entered in the file that is specified first If an attempt is made to allocate an absolute attribute after another absolute attribute In30 outputs a warning For section type DATA if addresses overlap in two or more sections In30 outputs a warning Sections will be allocated overlapping each other For section type CODE or ROMDATA if addresses overlap in two or more sections In30 outputs an error If an attempt is made to allocate an absolute attribute after a relative attribute in sections of the same name
79. 07A E D E A E E E T A E TEE S 163 IDIA D D E E E E E E E 164 DOUBLE ss ssssedesseeessdodeisinnecaiiaes osstbe aaveate E E Ea E esas EAEAN dans eaneantesaaawecians sia 165 EINS Ee a E A a A a e a a AE 166 ELIE ae a e a EE A 167 PUSE eea e aa EIE E A E EEN O 168 END rE EEEIEE E E E ETE EEE EA E EET EE EET 169 TEN DIB aienraniinsiia E A A O E ceca oda vetetdesstasieevese 170 ENDM crescere das toe s0ushosevsdaasesceekes Eta A EE EEA EEEE AEA EREE 171 ENDR cererea a A E AE AE EaR E a EAAS ANONSE EEEE 172 KOU e A E 173 EXIM o A E A E A E E E A AE 174 FB cs cao doc cach sets sh casasennea sas aseechsseccase se uaeeassaeeus A esas E Ras pt do etna PTS 175 FEBS YIM naiaiaee A E E aed 176 FLOAT oeni or EE EE EEE A A a e adiada 177 FORM resoneer eriin aa T n E O EAA ORE A As 178 TTB PE EE E E A eka aes 179 1 E D A A AA EA ET E A A A E AA A 180 i i AEA NAAA SE AA E SE 181 IN CLUDE pirrer ar Ea a E A a a A E aa AA TEASEE 183 INITS CT sivstsseie ecesscsns innne aenar E E EEEE ENAERE NEEESE SSE AaS 184 INSE ina AE AE EE EE A EAE A EAA R 185 INSTR eroon E EAEAN ERRORE ERARE ENE EO AEE 186 TE H EE EE E E A EE 187 TEA FA EEEE EEA A A A EE EA E A E E 188 LOCAL sosite ditaros aneen saani i AEAEE EEEO EN E OEE EEE ESEAS 189 LWORD 55 ssscsicee caecansa nnota a a EEE A AE EAE AAE ETETE E EA EASES 190 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 7 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Contents AMIRI PEAT coves cdecsinssxe
80. 16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 This section explains the method for operating as30 to utilize its functions The basic function of as30 is to generate a relocatable module file from the assembly source file Command Parameters The table below lists the command parameters of as30 Parameter name Function Source file name Source file name to be processed by as30 Disables message output to a display screen A Evaluates mnemonic operand C Indicates contents of command lines when as30 has invoked mac30 pre30 and asp30 D Sets constants to symbols finfo Generates inspector information F Fixes the file name of FILE expansion to the source file name H Header information is not output to an assembler list file l Specify an include file search directory JOPT Optimizes the branch instruction referencing the global label L Generates an assembler list file M Generates structured description command variables in byte type M60 Generates code that conforms to the M16C 60 group M61 Generates code that conforms to the M16C 61 group N Disables output of macro command line information O Specifies a directory to which the generated file is output P Processes structured description command PATCH 6N _TA PATCH 6N _TAn Generates code to escape precautions on the timer functions for
81. 2 00 2010 04 01 aENESAS 242 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Left side is Register regb lt constant gt regb lt Uo gt memb regb lt Uo gt regb regb Except for A0 B and A1 B STK B regw lt constant gt regw lt Uo gt memw regw lt Uo gt regw regw aS memb regw S regb regw Z memb regw ZZA regb regw STK W regl lt constant gt regl meml regl R2R0 regl R3R1 regl A1A0 regl aS memw regl 25S regw regl ZZ memb regl memw regl ZA mema regl ZZ regb regl ZZ regw regc lt constant gt regc memw regc regw regc STK W RO R1 R2 R3 A0 A1 SB FB STK W Multiple register can be written in left side Left side is Register or Memory variable memb regb EL memw regw EL memw regw memb regb memw regw ou i mema A0 A A1 A R2RO R3R1 A1A0 memb memw regc dsp 8 SP dsp 8 SP regpc Left side is Special Register INTB IPL dsp 8 SP dsp 8 SP STK B STK B STK B STK W STK W STK W STK W STK W STK A Left side is bit variable lt constant gt lt constant gt memb regb memw regw lt constant gt memb regb Except for AO B and A1 B lt constant gt memw regw regc RO R1 R2 R3 A0 A1 SB FB Multiple register can be written mema regmembit 1 0 regmembit Bit name is same as left side flgbit REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2t
82. 2saeedieiciessiviaancee teldiess isaeni eases a AE A BBN 216 Memory Varia bles ccoir ien E nak btisiaaciacessonanantes decease ncaabisds dod eooanaa Miavsceteadiaaneens 218 Memory Bit Varia bles isis sccdec dececsssnscceeddcsssa tbe cucseccdasetessousdeced cdavbesseceseddscaees EA EEE E AAEE ET 221 Structured Operators ccccccssescccccccecsssesesccccceesuussesccccseeesuuuesesccceseeesusaesesccccseeeasaaceeccesseeaueeasaaeeess 222 Structure of Structured Description Statement cccccccsssssesccccceeeessseeescccceeeeeseaeeeeccceseeeusaseeeecs 224 List of Structured Description Command ccccccccssssssseceecececceceeseeceecccecsseeeeseceeceeesseauasneeeeseeeaea 225 TE Statement soomes a E cd eeea ed Wane d seve isc devas hae cee PR APA aa 226 FOR STEP Statement ornice e hi sdaddbesstadaevastdaneds E cadanees eSdeevsavsdecsseesseessoes 228 FOR NEXT Statement oiss sceess2eessesaes aiess savcbo dates cacessvesgusiandesceeioaiasssveahene ieee sagaiaaigsvessexhasdasiaseaves says 230 SWITCH Staten en th serieei babes dasedenaseevsausssedesveassssndssadeantausbssasdsdviedeisvssassstbeaveeslessd vsacedaaaaals 231 POM SCA CCTMCING i555 esses scorn csc Ea Ea E EE EEEE EEA 233 BREAK Statements s 0ssseisdesssss sa besensecessashasaseltevesisaysseeusadsgecasnsivcabadessectss tsp aces Bethe SESAR ES 234 CONTINUE Statement iciseccscisyscensascectieds ss eheentcdsdsetvss venrncscesessysuvesesuesiis deveciaxauwesdecdas EEEE Eia 235 FOREVER State 6hit
83. 5004s faassieseseassadssayeiaseosasedadssseoisbassiadassvaesessssaaddayvaousegs sanddeadaasvaeses 16 Outline of ln 30 fUuNCtiONs cedcdcccsecsessaces ceecvarssnsaccesadedesensecasceadsea versace EEEE EESE EEEE SNES KERAS 17 Outline of 1mc30 functions 200 ee eee eeeeeeteeeeeese esses esssesseesseesseesseessesessessessseeseesseesseeesesseesssesaaeea 18 Outline of 1b30 functions cece eeceesteeeeesseessesssesseesseessessseessseesessseesseessesseesssesseesseeeseesssesaaeeas 19 Qutlin of xrf30 TUNCUIONS vscesdscesnsssexnacenssesasnsenenssersaccasyiearnaeeysansseveunnaseesses ysassoan seed EEEE AAEE 20 Oubline of abs30 functions wescsedssececsaciecasdedevecextdeuasacciwns AE E EN sandadacs ve Senteledadaad EA 21 AS30 F nctioN Seaia E E O E A ees 22 Relocatable Assemble dss s ssics icasssssesssehiadaaseiesssaaesa de sr e a ENEN EEP N E EIAS N EEA IARAA EEKE SESE ios 22 Unit of Address Management Section s sssesssesssesesisesesesiseseseseeseserirarirssiraressirarereseresirerererensss 22 Rules on Section Manageme nt ccccccccccccccccecceeceeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeene eee 24 Label and SyMmbol cccccccccccessceeeceesceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeEEEEEESE EEEEEEESEEEEesE aE SEE EEE EES 26 Management of Label and Symbol Addresses cccccccecccccsccesceesceeeceeeceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 27 Library File Referencing Function cccccccccccc
84. AUTO Shows that automatic generation of SB relative addressing will start SB_AUTO_S Shows the beginning of the function SB_AUTO_SBVAL Generates the instruction to save SB register PUSHC and the instruction to set register values LDC SB_AUTO_SBSYM Selects the SB relative addressing mode for the name specified in the operand SB_AUTO R Generates the instruction to restore SB register POPC SB_AUTO E Shows the end of the function Precautions These directive commands are C complier only directives so that they cannot be written in user programs Depending on condition no instructions will be generated by SB_AUTO_SBVAL and SB_AUTO_R Description format SB_AUTO SB_AUTO_S C language function name assembler function name SB_AUTO_SBVAL SB register set value SB_AUTO_SBSYM SB relative addressing target symbol SB_AUTO_R SB_AUTO_E Example of compiler output glb _func1 _ func sb_auto_s func1 func1 sb_auto_sbval _i1 sb_auto_sbsym _i1 i2 i3 sb_auto_r rts sb_auto_e REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 204 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines section name Function This command defines a section name This command defines the beginning of a section An interval from one section directive command to the next section directive command or directive command END is defined as one section This command defines a sectio
85. DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integral value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTIONarea DATA work1 BLKA 1 work2 BLKA symbol BLKA symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 154 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 1 bytes Function This command allocates a specified bytes of RAM area in units of 1 byte Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKB numeric value name BLKB numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integra
86. Directive Commands The table below lists the directive commands available with AS30 The following pages explains rules for writing directive commands for each type of directive command Address control ORG Declares address BLKB Allocates RAM area in units of 1 bytes BLKW Allocates RAM area in units of 2 bytes BLKA Allocates RAM area in units of 3 bytes BLKL Allocates RAM area in units of 4 bytes BLKF Allocates RAM area in units of 4 bytes BLKD Allocates RAM area in units of 8 bytes BYTE Stores data in ROM in 1 byte length WORD Stores data in ROM in 2 byte length ADDR Stores data in ROM in 3 byte length LWORD Stores data in ROM in 4 byte length FLOAT Stores data in ROM in 4 byte length DOUBLE Stores data in ROM in 8 byte length ALIGN Corrects odd addresses to even addresses Assemble control EQU Defines symbol BTEQU Defines bit symbol REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 144 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands END Declares end of assemble source SB Assigns temporary SB register value SBSYM Selects SB relative displacement addressing mode SBBIT Selects SB relative displacement addressing mode for bit symbol FB Assigns temporary FB register value FBSYM Selects FB relative displacement addressing mode INCLUDE Reads file into specified position Link control SECTION Defines section name
87. E T O EA 103 Va ETEN E E E E E E E aed decieeven s 103 E pieuaeiec dboned ese eace2ivbatensevesdoccee chads Meanie Meicdaestaa ibs ediedans ieee den ade ei a Addie a aeaeeen 104 P Sodas Sesiaa chai sncasestnadans bagueedisvadesavanndeacens dg saaanaduenecs cdg sv uncebben edeedaveasaeeueendgssavesseunsdbocsvagsaga yas 105 IH E denna dena snadss bedeuducnsanddaneedsdhs obaenceiadesseges E E 106 DD oss cesssbecsseed evexcessvevadaced E A lsvanssieeeedessaeitgasenaeess E A O 107 Wy deus dvesistannatenndnceddsana ar E EE E E 108 Vincasuerenstewnaatinavece stasis sbnvin cas aguvessamaveedersdewsensamantedsddalveps busnaeedsseeas sabona duce deswacsdasauadedaceaavessuamnnrcesteresess 108 SOLTEEK a E E E E E E EE Vaden aae ee eta ae 109 PrOCECT Loain E e E O A 109 ooN E i P E T A OE E 110 FRSC RSG sedesscsdeccdevasscdesscevedcaseuseheceasaducsssbluehecdaasaccsthvivaaddsadsaveesthadeedades sick leah sdeadeedeguelesaivecdasadedeixs 111 DE EEI E E NOA E E A E A eo tutuzsasasents Cereus csv 111 Error Messages of MCI O oireiksi aiaeeiiee ni a a aaaea a ai e apas 112 Warning Messages of 1M680 cccccceesseseeeeeeeseeessesceeeceseceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeseceeeeeeeeseeeneeees 113 Method for Operating IpI Orsio an E A R N E EEEE AAIEN 114 Command Parameters ciseniiirieier ina n E A A A aa 114 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters cccccssseseeesseeeeeessseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeseceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseees 114 Command Options of
88. EF3 SB JMP fr0000 56 F8018 S fr0002 Include file indication line This line is where the read in include file is indicated 65 INCLUDE sample inc 66 1 SECTION ram DATA 67 00000 000008H 1 work8 BLKD 1 68 00008 000004H 1 work_4 BLKF 1 69 1 SECTION constdata ROMDATA 70 00000 3031323334353637 1 num_val BYTE 0123456789 3839 1 e Assemble result information Outputs a total number of errors total number of warnings and a total number of list lines derived as a result of assemble processing Information List TOTAL ERROR S 00000 TOTAL WARNING S 00000 TOTAL LINE S 00181 LINES Section information Lists the section types section sizes and section names Section List Attr Size Name DATA 0000006 00006H ram CODE 0000066 00042H progi REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 47 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 File name of assembler list file The file name of the assembler list file is created by changing the extension of the assembly source file a30 by default to Ist sample a30 gt sample Ist Directory for assembler list file generated If you specified the directory with command option O the assembler list file is generated in that directory If no directory is specified the assembler list file is generated in the directory where the assembly source file resides Assembler Error Tag File Only when you specified command
89. ENESAS 243 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Assignment statements containing unary operators memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Uo memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 1 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 1 constant memb regb Uo memw regw Bo 1 constant memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 2 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 2 constant memb regb Uo memw regw Bo 2 constant memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 3 memw regw meml reg Uo memb regb Bo 3 constant memb regb Uo memw regw Bo 3 constant memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 4 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 4 constant memb regb meml reglw regad Bo 4 constant memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 5 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 5 constant memb regb Uo memw regw Bo 5 constant memw regw Assignment statements containing binary operators 6 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 6 constant Uo memw regw Bo 6 constant Assignment statements containing binary operators 7 memb regb memw regw Uo memb regb Bo 7 constant R1H Uo memw regw Bo 7 constant R1H Assignment statements containing binary operators 8 memb regb Uo memb regb Bo 8 constant R1H memw regw Uo memw regw Bo 8 constant R1H meml reglw rega
90. ENESAS 121 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Command file is include in itself An attempt is made to include the command file in itself Check to see if the command file is written correctly Command file line characters exceed The number of characters per line in the command file exceeds the limit Check the contents of the command file Command line is too long The character string on the command line is excessively long Create a command file Ilegal file format filename The file format of filename is incorrect Check the file name Invalid option option is used An invalid option option is used Specify the option correctly again No public symbol is in filename There is no public symbol in the file filename Check the contents of the relocatable file Not enough memory Memory is insufficient Increase the memory capacity Symbol name characters exceed 500 The symbol name consists of more than 500 characters Divide the library file Too many modules There are too many registered modules Divide the library file into two or more files Unknown file extension xxx is used The file extension xxx is incorrect Check the file name Warning Messages of Ib30 module is not registered in library The module module is not registered in the library Therefore no modules of the specified n
91. ESAS 111 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Error Messages of Imc30 A Option Illegal format A StartAddr EndAddr The start and end addresses are not correctly set Check the start and end addresses e option is too long The array of e option parameters is excessively long Check the syntax for this option and rewrite it correctly F Option Illegal format F Data StartAddr EndAddr The start and end addresses are not correctly set Check the start and end addresses protect or ofsreg option multiple specified The option is specified twice or more Check the syntax for this option and rewrite it correctly xxx option multiple specified The option xxx is specified twice or more Check the syntax for this option and rewrite it correctly Address specified by A option exceed output address The specified address is outside the range of data addresses registered in the absolute module file Make sure the address you specify is within the range of data addresses registered in the absolute module file Address specified by e option exceed xxx The address specified with e option exceeds xxx Rewrite the address value correctly Address specified by F option exceed output address The specified address is outside the range of data addresses registered in the absolute module file Make sure the address you spec
92. File The following shows the information output to a library list file 1 Library file information This information is output one for each library file The library file information contains the following Library file name Library file name Indicates the library file name File update date and time Last update time Indicates the date and time the library file was updated last Number of modules Number of module s Indicates the total number of modules entered in the library file Number of global symbols Number of global symbol s Indicates the total number of global labels and global symbols entered in the library file 2 Module information This information is output one for each module entered in the library file The module information contains the following Module name Module name Indicates the module names entered in the library file Version information Ver Indicates a character string that is specified by the directive command VER Entered date and time Date Indicates the date and time when each module is entered in the library file Module size Size Indicates the code and data sizes of the modules entered in the library file Precaution These sizes differ from the file sizes of the relocatable module files Global symbol name Global symbol s Indicates the global symbol and global label names defined in the modules External reference symbol name Indicates the global symbol and
93. J10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 715 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 No ENDIF statement ENDIF is not entered Check the position where ENDIF is written Write ENDIF as necessary o ENDM statement ENDM is not entered Check the position where ENDM is written Write ENDM as necessary o ENDR statement ENDR is not entered Check the position where ENDR is written Write ENDR as necessary o FB statement FB is not entered When using the 8 bit displacement FB relative addressing mode always enter FB to assume a register value No SB statement SB is not entered When using the 8 bit displacement SB relative addressing mode always enter SB to assume a register value No SECTION statement SECTION is not entered Always make sure that the source program contains at least one SECTION No s at the top of comment is not entered at the beginning of a comment Enter a semicolon at the beginning of each comment Check whether the mnemonic or operand is written correctly No input files specified No input file is specified Specify an input file No macro name No macro name is entered Write a macro name for each macro definition No space after mnemonic or directive The mnemonic or assemble directive command is not followed by a blank character H
94. NESAS 184 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines the start of a Function in inspector function Function Defines the start of a function Subroutine in inspector information Defines the extent from the start of a Function subroutine to the directive instruction EINSF as a single function subroutine Format INSF Function subroutine start label storage class frame size Description rules Be sure to put a space or a tab between this directive instruction and the operand Be sure to give a Function subroutine start label a storage class and a frame size Separate a storage class and a frame size by use of a comma As for the storage class give either G global label or S local label Use an integer to give a frame size Notes In using this directive instruction be sure to use the directive instruction EINSF This directive instruction is for exclusive use with the assembler language Using this directive instruction in the asm Function in NC30 results in an error This directive instruction turns effective when the command option finfo has been chosen Description example glbfunc INSF glbfunc G 0 EINSF locfunc INSF locfunc S 0 EINSF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 1RENESAS 185 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Detects specified character string Functio
95. Operating Imc30 Sets the Starting Address Function Set the starting address Output to a Motorola S format file beginning with the address you have set The Motorola S format file is output with the setting starting address Description rule Input this option using a form like E address value Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the value Always be sure to use hexadecimal notation when specifying an address value lf the address value begins with an alphabet a to f always be sure to add O at the beginning of the value as you enter it Precaution This option cannot be specified simultaneously with H Description example gt Imc30 E 0f0000 debug A debug mot file is generated that starting address is Of000H gt Imc30 E 8000 debug A debug mot file is generated that starting address is 8000H REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 104 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Sets data in a space area Function Outputs arbitrary data to addresses holding no data within a specified absolute module file Following three specifications are possible for this option 1 Specification of only the data value that is to be set in a free area 2 Specification of the data value that is to be set in a free area and the start address value of that area 3 Specification of the data value that is to be set in a free a
96. Outputs source debug information to absolute module file JOPT Optimizes the branch instruction referencing the global label L Specifies library file to be referenced LOC Specifies section allocation sequence LD Specifies directory of library to be referenced M Generates map file M60 Generates code that conforms to the M16C 60 group M61 Generates code that conforms to the M16C 61 group MS Generates map file that includes symbol information MSL Generates map file that includes full name of symbol more than 16 characters NOSTOP Outputs all encounters errors to screen O Specifies absolute module file name ORDER Specifies section address and allocation sequence R8C Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address is OH to OFFFFH R8CE Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Address is OH to OFFFFFH T Generates link error tag file U Outputs a warning for the unused function names V Indicates version number of linkage editor VECT Sets the value for the free area in generating the variable vector table VECTN Sets the address of a software interrupt number W On the occurrence of a warning no absolute module file is generated Specifies command file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 81 2tENESAS M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below when you s
97. Page Subroutine The M16C family assembly language allows you to call a special page subroutine using a special page vector table by writing a JSRS mnemonic REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 34 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Special Page Vector Table The following outlines the special page vector table The special page vector table is allocated in addresses OFFEOOH to OFFFDBH One vector table consists of two bytes Each vector table is assigned a special page number The special page number decreases from 255 to 254 and so on every 2 bytes beginning with address OFFEOOH Precaution For details about the special page vector table refer to the M16C Family Software Manual This manual only shows how to set and reference the special page vector table Setting Special Page Vector Table The special page vector table is used to store the 16 low order bits of an address in the special page Rules for writing command Always be sure to define a section Use the directive command ORG to define the absolute address Precautions The address you set here must be an even numbered address Use the directive command WORD to store the 16 low order bits of an address in the special page in ROM Description example SECTION sp_vect ROMDATA ORG OFFEOOH sub1 WORD _label_0 amp OFFFFH Special page number 255 sub2 WORD _label_1 amp OFFFFH
98. QU 1 flag bit2 BTEQU 2 flag 1 bit3 BTEQU one flag bit4 BTEQU one one flag REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 160 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Specifies global bit symbol Function This command declares that the bit symbols specified with it are global symbols f any bit symbols specified with this directive command are not defined within the file the assembler processes them assuming that they are defined in an external file If the bit symbols specified with this directive command are defined in the file the assembler processes them to be referencible from an external file Description format BTGLB bit symbol name BTGLB bit symbol name bit symbol name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write a bit symbol name in the operand that you want to be a global symbol Precautions No bit symbols can be specified for external reference that are defined by a symbol that is indeterminate when assembled When specifying multiple bit symbol names in the operand separate each symbol name with a comma as you write them Description example BTGLB flag1 flag2 flag3 BTGLB flag4 SECTION program BCLR flag1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 161 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Sto
99. TM specify this option in Option Browser gt CFLAGS gt General or AFLAGS gt Select target menu M60 M61 PATCH 6N _TA and PATCH 6N _TAn option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line This option must always be specified in uppercase letters Specify this option like R8C group name Precaution This option is not necessary in case of a group that does not have SSU or IIC function Description example gt as30 R8C14 sample Generates a code that avoids notes of SSU function of R8C 14 Example of source file section test mov b 10H P1 mov b 03H SSCRH end Example of list file 1 glb P1 SSCRH 2 section test 3 00000 C710E100 S mov b 10H P1 4 00004 C703B800 S mov b 03H SSCRH FEO1 Generates code to escape precautions on the SSU or IIC register 5 end REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 69 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Specifies Local Symbol Information Output Function The software outputs local symbol information to a relocatable module file System label information can also be output a relocatable module file by adding M to this option Absolute module files generated from the relocatable module file that was generated aft
100. a vad cdsancadensans ocdueanded caavabaantasdeddeeanmaategeabadceabaweeastene 90 ORDER saen ts sas os a ole sees Sc cae aes nd eee eee 91 RB CIR SC ern prae ess caved aed anes E ne avyiea face eoenias teenie E tester 92 Disdsshadoeadaaeandeaheedsssansuvehcacecsusgadunsosacsecdaesnanabacesdcadgavaveusaak eaddedns spanuk cea deccacaasbadvatadaya E A 92 Whsssssstsdsdecabencedactesdaanysiees deers saagucanelseclvead E ddaghvaueaenaueacecgessounseleveceddgssesnees 93 A ET EE ATA AEE A A ccs tactictatecc ott E AA AE A 93 VIC A EE AE 94 BAD A ENE E E A E E E 95 OW isiouciseionen on E EE AE O 96 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 5 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Contents ETE TEE E tas sgaseusedawecvex sve tnaatannceedssantsadbasdececsauedls Tentna ded dectanastanacedssstecestesadaneecensanwacesen 96 Error Messages of Lid ssssssevescestesesseuaceess essaccends EREA ES T NEIE E ARNA E ARA 97 Warning Messages of 30nn iceri a N ee N S 99 Method for Operating IMe3O ieisenp aeneis i ArT E AT E EE EAN as hoes TEESE ESTES 102 Command Parameters iiss vecececsasesssouaceccccdevnassoncadscaases i E E ENE EERE EEEE AEAEE EEAS Eaa 102 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters cccccesseseeesseesseseeseseeeeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 102 Ime30 Command Options ccccecesccceccccsesesscceeceeecsseessceeeeeessueeesscceeseeesuuaeessccesseesuaaeneneeeeseeeaaeaaans 103 EEE E E E AE
101. ace equipment submersible repeaters nuclear reactor control systems medical equipment or systems for life support e g artificial life support devices or systems surgical implantations or healthcare intervention e g excision etc and any other applications or purposes that pose a direct threat to human life You should use the Renesas Electronics products described in this document within the range specified by Renesas Electronics especially with respect to the maximum rating operating supply voltage range movement power voltage range heat radiation characteristics installation and other product characteristics Renesas Electronics shall have no liability for malfunctions or damages arising out of the use of Renesas Electronics products beyond such specified ranges Although Renesas Electronics endeavors to improve the quality and reliability of its products semiconductor products have specific characteristics such as the occurrence of failure at a certain rate and malfunctions under certain use conditions Further Renesas Electronics products are not subject to radiation resistance design Please be sure to implement safety measures to guard them against the possibility of physical injury and injury or damage caused by fire in the event of the failure of a Renesas Electronics product such as safety design for hardware and software including but not limited to redundancy fire control and malfunction prevention appropriate treatment for a
102. acter string can be written in this line Rules for writing Always be sure to insert a semicolon at the beginning of a comment A space or tab can be inserted at the beginning of a comment Any desired characters can be written in a comment Description example Comment line MOV W 0 A0 Comment can be written in other lines too Blank line Function Nothing apparently is written in this line Rules for writing Lines can be entered that do not contain any meaningful characters as may be necessary to improve the legibility of your source program No characters other than the space tab return and line feed characters can be written in a blank line Description example loop JMP loop JSR sub1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 137 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Line concatenation Ifa line is ended with the next line is concatenated to the position where the is written Acomment can be written in a line where is written However no comment is output in the result of concatenation fan error occurs in a line where is written the error is output in the last line concatenated Precautions The upper limit for the maximum number of characters in all lines that are concatenated is 512 characters However this limit does not include the spaces and tabs at the beginning of concatenated lines If a i
103. agram below schematically shows assemble processing by AS30 Output file Input file Y REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 13 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function Structure of as30 The as30 assembler consists of a program to processing macro descriptions a program to processing structured descriptions and a program to convert an assembly source file into an relocatable module file The name as30 represents a program to control these two programs Precaution AS30 uses the assembler driver to control the macro processor structured processor and assembler processor Therefore neither macro processor structured processor nor assembler processor can be invoked directly from your command line Program operation is not guaranteed if the macro processor structured processor or assembler processor is invoked directly Outline of macro processor functions This program processes macro directive commands written in the source file The processed file is available in a file format that can be processed by structured processor or assembler processor Outline of structured processor functions This program processes structured directive commands written in the source file The processed file is available in a file format that can be processed by assembler processor Outline of asp30 functions This program converts the assembly languages written in the source file and t
104. al arguments the assembler does not generate code for this formal argument part REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 191 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands lf a formal parameter written in the body is enclosed with single quotations the assembler encloses the corresponding actual parameter with single quotations as it is output lf one actual parameter contains a comma while at the same time the argument is enclosed with parentheses the assembler converts the argument along with its parentheses lf there are more actual parameters than the formal parameters the assembler does not process the actual parameters that do not have the corresponding formal parameters Precautions If the number of actual parameters does not match that of formal parameters the as30 assembler outputs a warning message Example of actual parameter expansion Example of macro definition name MACRO string BYTE string ENDM Example of macro call 1 name name address BYTE name address Example of macro call 2 name name address BYTE name address Description example mac AF ELIF ELSE ENDIF ENDM mac ENDIF ENDM MACRO p1 p2 p3 MACPARA 3 AF p1 byte MOV B p2 p3 EESE MOV W p2 p3 ENDIF MACPARA AF p1 byte MOV B p2 ROL ELSE MOV W p2 RO ENDIF MOV W_ RO R1 word 10 RO 3 3
105. ame were extracted Check the module name module is not registered in library can t output list file The module module is not registered in the library Information on this module was not output to a list file Check the module name module was created in the current directory The module module was created in the current directory Check the directory name you have specified Can t replace module is older than module in library The module module is older than the module in the library Therefore the library module was not replaced with it Check the created date of the relocatable file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 122 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method of Operating xrf30 This section explains the method for operating xrf30 to utilize its functions The basic function of xrf30 is to generate from the assembly source file or assembler list file a cross reference file that contains a list for referencing branch instructions and subroutine call instructions Command Parameters The table below lists the command parameters available for xrf30 Parameter name Function File name Source or assembler list file name to be processed by xrf30 Disables message output to screen N Specifies that system label information be output O Specifies directory in which to output a file V Indicates version of cross referen
106. an be specified in the file name Multiple library files can be specified When specifying multiple library files separate each file name with the comma as you specify file names There must be no space or tab before or after the comma Description example gt In30 sample1 sample2 L lib1 The lib1 lib file in the current directory or the directory specified in environment variable LIB30 is referenced as necessary gt In30 sample1 sample2 L work lib1 The lib1 lib file in the work directory that resides below the current directory gt In30 sample1 sample2 L lib1 lib2 The lib1 lib and lib2 lib files in the current directory or the directory specified in environment variable LIB30 are referenced as necessary REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 86 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Specifies Library File Directory Function Specify the directory name in which you want a library file to be referenced Even when you specify this option you need to specify the library file name The directory name specified by this option remains valid until another directory is specified by this option next time f you have specified a path in the library file name the directory in which library files are referenced by In30 is one that is located by linking the library file path to the directory specified by this option Description rule Input this opt
107. and parameters available for 1b30 Parameter name Function File name Relocatable module file name to be processed by b30 Disable message output to screen A Adds module to library file C Creates new library file D Deletes modules from library file L Generates library list file R Replaces modules U Updates modules V Indicates version of librarian X Extracts modules Specifies command file Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below when you specify command parameters for 1b30 Order in which to specify command parameters Always specify the command parameters for lb30 in the following order If the command parameters are specified in an incorrect order 1b30 cannot process files correctly 1 Command option 2 Library file name 3 Relocatable module file name Ib30 command option library file name relocatable module file name Library file name essential Always be sure to specify the library name Adirectory path can be specified in the file name The extension lib can be omitted on the command line Relocatable module file name relocatable module name Always be sure to specify a relocatable module file name The extension of a relocatable module file name is r30 The extension can be omitted on the command line Multiple relocatable module files can be specified In this case always be sure to inser
108. appropriate The section type is written incorrectly Rewrite the section type correctly Size or format specifier is not appropriate The size specifier or format specifier is written incorrectly Rewrite the size specifier or format specifier correctly Size specifier is missing No size specifier is entered Write a size specifier Source files number exceed 80 The number of source files exceeds 80 Execute assembling separately in two or more operations Source line is too long The source line is excessively long Check the contents written in the source line and correct it as necessary Special page number was already defined Special page number was already defined Change the special page number REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 77 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Specifies option that can t use with xx The option which can not be specified simultaneously with xx is specified Specify the command option correctly again Statement not preceded by CASE or DEFAULT CASE or DEFAULT is preceded by a command line in the SWITCH statement Always be sure to write a command line after the CASE or DEFAULT statement String value exist in expression A character string is entered in the expression Rewrite the expression correctly Symbol defined by external reference data is defined as global symbol
109. aracter string with quotations as you write it Precautions If you want a macro parameter to be expanded as a character string enclose the macro name with single quotations as you write it If enclosed with double quotations the character string length of the formal parameter written in macro definition is assumed This directive command can be written as a term of an expression Description example bufset MACRO f1 f2 buffer f1 BLKB LEN f2 ENDM bufset 1 Printout_data bufset 2 Sample buffer BLKB 13 buffer2 BLKB 6 buf MACRO fi buffer BLKB LEN f1 ENDM buf 1 data data is not expanded buffer BLKB 2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 187 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Controls outputting of line data to list file Function This command allows you to stop OFF outputting lines to the assembler list file Lines in error are output to the list file regardless of whether they are within the list output disabled range This command allows you to start ON outputting lines to the assembler list file All lines are output to the list file if you do not specify this directive command Description format LIST ON OFF Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand To stop outputting lines write OFF in the operand To start outputting lines write ON in the operand
110. ase and lowercase Consequently ABS and abs are the same reserved words Precautions The reserved words cannot be used in the names described later Types of Reserved Words Directive assemble commands All directive assemble commands explained in this manual and all character strings that begin with one period are the reserved words Mnemonic All assembly language mnemonic of M16C Family are the reserved word REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS T31 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Operators All operators and structured operators explained in this manual are the reserved word Structured directive command All structured directive commands explained in this manual are the reserved word System labels The system labels are generated by assembler AS30 handles all character strings that begin with two period as system labels Names Any desired names can be defined and used as such in your source program Names are classified into the following types each with a different range of descriptions that can be entered in the program Label This name has an address as its value Symbol This name has a constant as its value Bit symbol This name has a constant bit position and address as its values Location symbol This name has an address as its value This symbols are output by as380 Rules for Writing Names Length of name A character string can
111. ast one space between this option and the starting address Be sure to give an address in hexadecimal Specify this option ahead of specifying a file name With the starting address of the output only specified the maximum address of the data registered in the absolute module file becomes the ending address If the starting address exceeds the ending address an error occurs As for a specified address range in which no data are present the specified data will be output if the option F which is an option for setting data in a space area is chosen or nothing will be output if this option is not chosen Anerror results if the start address value is greater than the maximum address for data that is registered in the absolute module file Anerror results if the end address value is smaller than the minimum address for data that is registered in the absolute module file Anerror results if the start address and the end address values are the same Description examples gt Imc30 A 1000 11FF sample The starting address of a specified address range is set to 1000H and the ending address to 11FFH gt Imc30 A 1000 sample In the specified range of addresses 1000H is the start address value and the maximum address for data that is registered in the absolute module file sample is the end address value REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 103 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for
112. ation The In30 editor determines absolute addresses section by section as it generates an absolute module file When invoking In30 you can specify the start address of a section from the command line Use hexadecimal notation when specifying address values If an address value begins with an alphabet add 0 to the value as you specify it Example 7 ff 64 0a57 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 82 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Command File The 1n80 editor allows you to write command parameters in a file and execute the program after reading in this file Method for specifying command file name Add at the beginning of the command file name as you specify it Example In30 cmdfile Adirectory path can be specified in the command file name If no file exists in the specified directory path In30 outputs an error Rules for writing command file The following explains the rules you need to follow when writing a command file to ensure that it can be processed by 1n380 The name of the command file s own cannot be written in the command file Multiple lines of command parameters can be written in a command file The comma cannot be entered at the beginning and end of lines written in a command file f you want to write specification for section allocation in multiple lines be sure to enter the ORDER option at the beginning o
113. ation of these circuits software and information in the design of your equipment Renesas Electronics assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by you or third parties arising from the use of these circuits software or information When exporting the products or technology described in this document you should comply with the applicable export control laws and regulations and follow the procedures required by such laws and regulations You should not use Renesas Electronics products or the technology described in this document for any purpose relating to military applications or use by the military including but not limited to the development of weapons of mass destruction Renesas Electronics products and technology may not be used for or incorporated into any products or systems whose manufacture use or sale is prohibited under any applicable domestic or foreign laws or regulations Renesas Electronics has used reasonable care in preparing the information included in this document but Renesas Electronics does not warrant that such information is error free Renesas Electronics assumes no liability whatsoever for any damages incurred by you resulting from errors in or omissions from the information included herein Renesas Electronics products are classified according to the following three quality grades Standard High Quality and Specific The recommended applications for each Renesas Electronics product depends on th
114. bel MREPEAT numeric value body ENDR Rules for writing command Always make sure that this command corresponds to directive command MREPEAT as you write it Description example rep MACRO num MREPEAT num AF num gt 49 EXITM ENDIF nop ENDR ENDM rep 3 nop nop nop REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 172 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines symbol Function This command defines a value in the range of signed 32 bit integers 2147483648 to 2147483647 to a symbol Symbolic debug Function is made available for use by defining symbols with this directive command Description format name EQU numeric value Rules for writing command The value that can be defined to a symbol must be determined when assembling the source program Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Asymbol can be written in a symbol defined operand Precautions However symbol names cannot be entered that are forward referenced Anexpression can be written in a symbol defined operand Symbols can be specified as global Description example symbol EQU 1 symbol1 EQU symbol symbol symbol2 EQU 2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 173 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stop expansion of macro body Function This command sto
115. ccecceecceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ees 28 Management of Include File ccccccccessesseeeseeeseeeeceeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeceeseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 30 Code Selection by ASSO sssdsiszccssiesssacscicovessssshadiececacacksastabdassscosssaussbaeseacossessaubaGectecdsesssonabdesescededessvaeass 31 Optimized Code Selection cccccccccccsssseeeecccceecesseeeeccccceeeeusseeeeccceceeeeusaeseecccecsseuanseeececeeeeeuuaasagesesees 31 Outline of Mnemonic DeScription cccccccccccecsessseeeeccceceeesssseeeeccccceeeuusseceeccceseeeussseeeeccceseeeauaneeeeeeees 31 Optimized Selection by ASB80 cc eeeseceeccccceecessseeeeccccceeeeusseeescccceseeeussseeecccecseeuusaeeececesseeeaegeseeesses 31 SB Register Offset Description cccccccccccccceceeeceeeceeeceeeceeecececeeeceeeceeeceeeceeeceeecececeeeceeeseseseeeseseeeess 34 pecial Page Branch cvivd cecesscdea Ar E E AE se Sa E E AE E AA EEA 34 Special Page Subroutine sonerion a E E E ea se edad hee 34 Special Page Vector Table cccccccccccccccsscccceecceeceeecececeeeceeeaeeeseeeaeeseeesaceaeeeseeeseeeseeesaeeaeeeceesseeeeseseeeess 35 Macro Pun Ctlo isis 50tes0bs 0edsi tae desssedeussialsasbesaededeosannabetebiveansbangtarsoadesscdaligs babantadeesdgngsotebinsssacedsVaqetedied gt 36 Conditional Assemble Control cccccccccccccccceeceeeceeeceeeceeeceeecececeeeceeeceeeseeeceeeceeseeeaeeeseeeseeeseeeaeeeeeeess 39 St
116. cer Specifies command file Rules for Specifying Command Parameters Follow the rules described below when specifying the command parameters of xrf80 Order in which to specify command parameters The command parameters of xrf30 can be specified in any order gt xrf30 file name command option gt xrf30 command option file name Assembly source file name or assembler list file name Always be sure to specify at least one file name A path can be specified in the file name Up to 600 files can be specified Always be sure to enter the file extension Always be sure to specify assembler list file whose extension is Ist When specifying multiple files insert a space or tab to separate between file names Command options Multiple command options can be specified Command File The xrf80 referencer allows you to specify a command file name that contains input parameters Refer to the Method for Operating In30 for details on how to specify a command file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 123 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method of Operating xrf30 Command Options of xrf30 The following pages explain the rules for specifying the command options of xrf80 Disables Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when xrf30 is processing Error messages are output to screen Description rule This option can be spec
117. ces eaten see cedetame tues E A E EE A A SEA EE 132 TAT ET A E A A EE 134 JANE CONCALCATION s5 355552se50ersssaseessbeanevevdssaessaeendedyssvasdesaueaearesFisseisieendeesssianesiaueasiassusieMaeeianisiedesanT Ns 138 Operando eeen ana E T AE EN 138 O PCTALOLS aari a A E E I E A NEE EE 140 Charact r String seisine cevead cdstenabencesscedadeae need ERE OE fae can E E OR R NNR ER 142 Directive Comman dS merere a eea aE EEE ESAT ASEA AEAEE EEA AA NEEESE EEEE ISSER aT 143 List of Directive Commands cccceecesseeeeseeeceseeeeeeeesceeeceeeeee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeceeseeeeeeeeeeseeees 144 JPL A AEAEE ANEA A N AE AE EEEE E AAE tiv eseetatecesieeueee 148 IMAC PARA oinera ea iae Ea Taer AA a a a REAO E aE EAEE TAEAE ES 149 sMACREP nasennie E E A OE blah detain deaaonin 150 ya DID E EE E T E AE E EE A 151 ALIGN viieni TARE EEE O R A REE E EAE ERRES 152 ASPER DA een e E A A EE E E EE AE 153 BEKA aeea a a a e e a eaa E E 154 BLK B e NE EEE A EIA AEE EAEE EE E 155 11a D E A E E E EE A A E 156 BUKE sc csbivesseiaeiieieiaisasceicnetdsiadoa ategend Midi eana ae WH Hadees O O O 157 BRK Tig caters EE Sadiesavabe sees ca Gevvapslbedes EEA 158 BRD as si scee tc ottsah anes a a a e a cisieestaneeSuctanieha suuseeeestae ates 159 BPEQU aeee ss cduenccs E ssdevsecactetsosatesusaceodersssdvumesnseetseeasesiosacaces E EEA babes 160 BTGB ipssscsesadedessessaseastatecgvsassavssakcur lectus A E AAEE E A a Aaaa iS 161 IBY D E AE EE E E E EEA E eos 162
118. character of a comment A space or tab can be inserted between a mnemonic s operand and a comment Description example MOV W_ 0 RO RTS main MOV W_ 0 A0 RTS End of subroutine Label definition line Function Any desired name can be written in this line Rules for writing Always be sure to enter the colon immediately after a label name Do not write anything between the label name and the colon Label names can be written starting immediately from the top of a line A space or tab can be inserted at the beginning of a line When writing a comment in the label definition line insert a semicolon after the directive command and operand and write your comment in columns following the semicolon Comments are output to an assembler list file Precautions The as30 assembler does not generate code for the mnemonics or directive commands written in columns after the semicolon Therefore be careful with the position where you enter the semicolon If a semicolon is enclosed with double quotations or single quotation AS30 does not assume it to be the first character of a comment A space or tab can be inserted between a label and a comment REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 136 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Description example start label BLKB 1 main nop loop Comment Comment line Function Any desired char
119. cified at any position on the command line Description example gt In30 sample1 sample2 NOSTOP Specifies Absolute Module File Name Function This option allows you to specify any desired name for the absolute module file generated by In30 f you do not specify an absolute module file name using this option the file name of absolute module file is created by changing to x30 the extension of the relocatable module file name that is specified first on the command line Description rule Input this option using a form like O file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the file name The extension of a file name can be omitted If omitted the extension is x30 Apath can be specified in the file name Description example A abssmp x30 file is generated gt In30 sample1 sample2 O abssmp A abssmp x30 file is generated in the work absfile directory gt In30 O work absfile abssmp sample1 sample2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 90 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Specifies Section Address and Relocation Order Function Specify the order in which you want sections to be allocated and the start address of sections Precaution If the start address is specified for an absolute section In30 outputs an error lf you do not specify the start address In30 allocates addresses beginning from 0 If
120. cified when generating an Intel HEX format file Set the length of one data record to 16 bytes or 32 bytes Precaution IF the address value exceeds 1Mbytes of machine language file the file of Original HEX format for microcomputers is generated This file can not be program into EPROM File name of Intel HEX file The file name of the Intel HEX file is created by changing the extension x30 of the absolute module file into hex sample x30 gt sample hex Directory for Motorola S file generated The files are generated in the current directory REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS oL M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 ID File When you specify command option ID or the assembler directive command ID lmc30 outputs ID code to a file Format of ID file This file is output in a text format that can be output to a screen and printer By referencing thisfile confirm ID code of ID code function The ID file is output in order command option information ID code store address IDCodeNo1 FFFFDF 43 FFFFE3 6F FFFFEB 64 FFFFEF 65 FFFFF3 4E FFFFF7 6F FFFFFB 31 File name of ID file The file name of the ID file is created by changing the extension x30 of the absolute module fileinto id sample x30 gt sample id Directory for ID file generated The files are generated in the current directory Library File The 1b80 librar
121. ction The SB relative displacement addressing mode is selected for the name that is specified in the operand of this directive command If the 1 bit manipulate command takes on a short format a 11 bit SB relative displacement or 16 bit relative displacement addressing mode is selected If the 1 bit manipulate command does not have a short format an 8 bit SB relative displacement or 16 bit relative displacement addressing mode is selected Description format SBBIT name SBBIT name name Rules for writing command Always be sure to enter a space or tab between the directive command and operand A bit symbol defined by BTEQU or BTGLB can be written in the operand A forward referenced bit symbol can be written in the operand Before writing this directive command be sure to set the SB register value by directive command SB When specifying multiple names separate them with a comma Description example SB 80H LDC 80H SB SBBIT bitsym BCLR bitsym Selects a 11 bit SB relative BAND bitsym Selects a 16 bit SB relative REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 1RENESAS 202 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Selects SB relative displacement addressing mode Function The assembler selects the SB relative addressing mode for the name specified in the operand of this directive command The assembler selects the SB relative addressing m
122. ction Adds values on left and right sides of operand together Subtracts value on right side of operand from value on left side i Multiples values on left and right sides of operand together Divides value on left side of operand by value on right side Handles remainder derived by dividing value on left side of operand by value on right side gt gt Bit shifts value on left side operand to right as many times as the value on right side lt lt Bit shifts value on left side operand to left as many times as the value on right side amp Logically OR s values on left and right side of operand for each bit Logically AND s values on left and right sides of operand for each bit Exclusive OR s values on left and right sides of operand for each bit REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 140 2tENESAS M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Relational operators Operator Function gt Evaluates that value on left side of operator is greater than value on right side This operator can only be written in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF lt Evaluates that value on right side of operator is greater than value left side This operator can only be written in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF gt Evaluates that value no left side of operator is equal to or greater than value on right side This operator can only be writt
123. d meml reglw regad Bo 8 constant R1H REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 244 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Syntax of expression 1 Uo memb regb Uo memw regw Expression 2 Expression 2 Ro Immediate memb regb Expression 2 Ro Immediate memw regw Expression 2 Lo Expression 2 Expression 3 Lo Expression 3 Expression 3 regmembit flgbit Syntax of expression 2 Among syntaxes indicated on the right side of the assignment expression all syntaxes except for the following contents can be written Registers and stacks listed below FB SB SP ISP FLG INTBH INTBL INTB IPL and STK Expressions where multiplication results in 32 bits Inverted expressions of register bit and memory bit variables regmembit Syntax of expression 3 Binomial expression b Ro Constant memb regb Binomial expression w Ro Constant memw regw regmembit flgbit coincidence comparing operator 1 0 Syntax of Conditional Expression IF statement IF Expression 1 FOR STEP statement FOR variable Uo variable constant TO variable constant STEP constant FOR NEXT statement FOR Expression 1 WHILE statement WHILE Expression 1 SWITCH statement SWITCH Expression REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 tENESAS 245 M16C R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler User s Manual Publication Date Apr 1 2010 Rev 2 00 Renesas Electronics Corporation Publ
124. d one for one 0 and p2 correspond one for one Macro definition Macro call i Real parameter In this example a warning message is output because there is no real argument corresponding to p3 Macro Local Labels The labels defined with directive command LOCAL are made macro local labels Macro local labels can be used in only macro definition The label names declared to be macro local labels are allowed to be written in places outside the macro with the same name The labels you want to be used as macro local labels must first be declared to be a macro local label before you define the label REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 37 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Macro Call Macro call can be accomplished by writing a macro name that has been defined with directive command MACRO Code for the macro body is generated by macro call Macro names cannot be forward referenced i e you cannot call a macro name that is defined somewhere after the line where macro call is written Always make sure that macro definition is written in places before the macro call line Macro names cannot be externally referenced i e you cannot call a macro name that is defined in some other file If you want to call the same macro from multiple files define the macro in an include file and include it in your source file The content of the macro defined macro body
125. d absolute module file Description rule Input this option using a form like O file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the file name Specify this option before entering a file name Description example gt Imc30 O test debug A test mot file is generated gt Imc30 O tmp test debug A test mot file is generated in the tmp directory REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 108 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Set the option function select register Function For details on the option function select register see the hardware manual of the microcomputer A specified value is stored in the option function select register If you filled in the option function select register with value when this option is specified the data is changed When this option is not specified filling value is output Precaution When assembler directive command ID OFSREG or PROTECT is described this option isn t processed Description rule Always specify this command option in small letters Specify this option either in the form of ofsregx value Put at least one space between this option and the data Be sure to give an address in hexadecimal The range of 0 to FFH can be written in the operand Always specify this option combining R8C option protect1 and protectx option cannot be
126. d declared and a symbol denoting its classification as follows d Definition line j Reference line for branch instruction S Reference line for subroutine call instruction Example of Cross Reference File btsym0 sample a30 00023 d btsym1 sample a30 00024 d btsym2 sample a30 00025 d btsym20 sample a30 00033 d File name of cross reference file The file name of the cross reference file is created by changing the extension of the assembler list file 1st or assembly source file a30 to xrf sample lst gt sample xrf sample a30 gt sample xrf However if multiple file names are specified the cross reference file name is derived from the first specified file name by changing its extension to xrf Directory for cross reference file generated If a path is specified on the command line the cross reference file is generated in that directory If a directory is specified with command option O the cross reference file is generated in that directory If a directory is not specified in neither way the file is generated in the current directory Absolute List File The absolute list files generated by abs30 are output in a format that can be output to a screen or printer Format of absolute list file The absolute list file is the same format as that of the assembler list file except that location information is converted into absolute address information File name of absolute list file The file name of
127. d sample2 gt as30 Dname 1 sample1 sample2 Generates inspector information Function Outputs either each item of information generated by the finfo option in NC30 or inspector information described in assembler directives to a relocatable module file Note With a TM in use this option is chosen by default Description rules You can put this option anywhere in a command line Use lowercase letters only since uppercase letters and lowercase letters are discriminated Description example gt as30 L S finfo sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 61 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Controls FILE Expansion Function This option fixes the file name to be expanded by the directive command FILE to the assembly source file name that is specified from the command line Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt as30 F sample The file name to be expanded by the directive command FILE described in the include inc file that is included by the sample a30 assembly source file is fixed to sample If this option is not specified the file name to be expanded by FILE becomes include REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 62 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Disable header output to an assemb
128. definition line This line is where macros are defined 46 mac5 MACRO pi 47 D MREPEAT LEN p1 48 D BYTE SUBSTRY p1 MACREP 1 49 D ENDR 50 D ENDM Label definition line This line is where only label name are described 70 00000 samp_start Mnemonic statement line This line is where mnemonics of the M16C Family are described 71 00000 4100 S BCLR flagi 72 00002 4200 S BCLR flag2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 46 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Condition assemble information line Indicates the line that was condition assembled This information is output only when you specified command option LI LMI or LMSI 74 AF MODE 75 X MOV B sym1 ROL 76 ELIF MODE 77 X MOV B sym2 ROL 78 ELSE 79 00004 B4 Z MOV B 0 ROL 80 ENDIF Macro call line This line is where a macro is called If you specified command option LM this line outputs assembly source lines derived as a result of macro expansion 173 mac5 ABCD Structured description line This line is where program are described in structured directive command 42 for AO lt A1 43 F800A S fr0000 44 F800A C154 S CMP W A1 A0 45 F800C 680B S JC fr0002 46 WORK_W A0 47 F800E 736F0104 S MOV W A0 WORK_W 48 A0 A1 49 F8012 7376 S MOV W _ A1 A0 50 AO A0 51 F8014 B2 S INC W AO 52 A1 A1 53 F8015 FA S DEC W Al 54 next 55 F8016 F
129. desesasstesbane adagasabieexvseivi adues sees 68 RG CER T EE E EEA E E E AA TEA TA 69 EAE E E E AE O EO TASTI IA I E PE T 70 a EE E A E A E E A AE tor taaeeivaes 70 AA E EA EA E E E cesses ubasdddecdeg ssvamasnetedsteveds stat 71 E E EE E EEE E dele beesvebeas 71 Error Messages of as30 ucesnici e ia en E A EEA AE REDONA 72 Warning Messages Of ASSO 3iscicsssssveseses5s cancesavessaseadadessigsebndesas ganeeassssasedapseiessebs4indaasvaassessineasaveeseaeses 79 Method for Operating 1180 20 sccsdcivsensdsscscessdevadesssaddeasdessaeads E ARAE EORR E SARANANE ARRASAR RERNA 81 Command Parameters cccsssssssssssnsssnssenssesssnsssnssssssnssssssssssssssssssssssesssesssesssssssssenssesssesaeseees 81 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters ccscccseeseeessesseesssseseesseeeseesesesseesssesseeseeeseeesseeeeeees 82 Command PIG sses eee E A E OA a a A AATAS EEEa EEEE ERSS 83 command Ophons OF INS Ohuessa rr A NE N Ueiabiasessdvelesussivastas tetas 84 E EE E E E E A 84 E E cdgenssaces 84 Oar E T E E E E arene ere ree eee 85 ALD A E AEE A E TEE EEE N A A O 85 E E E E E T E E E E vacnsavsosabataceddectsssieae 86 a A D EEE E E E E E E E A 87 TE O O E E E E EENE E EIE EE E iin 88 IM E E T E E EN 89 KELO N LS EEE T A EE E E 89 MSMS a a o a ar erent vert Treen yer ore 89 INOSTOP AA sanucere vonstennetnadeces cesses saulenbececeeevnsannad AIEA A 90 O sasnnsnchacsthesnpadedcnasctna Nehnevessageadeaandbad scuba agua dhahwdebs
130. directive command ID OFSREG or PROTECT is described this option isn t processed Description rule Always specify this command option in small letters protect option cannot be specified at the same time as this option ofsregx option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Specify this option either in the form of protectx protect code Put at least one space between this option and the data Be sure to give an address in hexadecimal The range of 0 to FFH can be written in the operand Precaution When R8C option is specified it is processed as ofsregx Description example gt Imc30 protectx FF debug REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 110 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Generates code that conforms to the R8C Family Function Generates a code that conforms to the R8C Family Option Address area R8C OH to OFFFFH R8CE OH to OFFFFFH Description rule Specify this option before entering a file name Description example gt Imc30 R8C debug Indicates Version Number Function The software indicates the version number of Imc30 Precaution If this option is specified all other parameters on the command line are ignored Description rule Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt Imc30 V REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tEN
131. ditional expression of FOR and DO WHILE statement A conditional expression consisting of FOREVER is always true FOR FOREVER WHILE FOREVER Example of source description FOR FOREVER NEXT Expansion example fr0000 JMP sfr0000 fr0002 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 236 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Basic structure An assignment statement consists of a substitute command and the left and right sides of the statement Function An assignment statement substitutes the calculation result of the expression on the right side of the statement for a variable on the left side There are following types of assignment statements Operations content Substitutes an unsigned value for the left side aS Substitutes a sign extended value on the right side for the left side Z Substitutes a zero extended value on the right side for the left side EL Generates a LDE command ES Generates a STE command Rules for writing assignment statement No expressions that contain unary or binary operators can be written on the right side of assignment statement S Z EL or ES Variables listed below can be written on the left and right sides of assignment statements S and Z Memory variables except for SP relative Data register and address register indirect among register variabl
132. dules in the library file Ifa library list file of the same name already exists this existing file is overwritten by a new library list file Description rule Input this option using a form like L library file name relocatable module name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between the library file name and the relocatable module file name Multiple relocatable module names can be specified In this case always be sure to insert a space between each module name Description example gt lb30 L new Information on all modules entered in a library file named new lib are output to a library list file named new lls gt lb30 L new sample1 Information on module sample1 entered in the new lib library file is output to a new lls list file gt lb30 L new lib sample1 sample3 Information on modules samplel and sample3 entered in the new lib library file are output to a new lls list file Replaces Modules Function The software updates a relocatable module in the library file by replacing it with the content of a specified relocatable module file The module that is updated in this way is one that has the same name as the specified relocatable module file name Description rule Input this option using a form like R library file name relocatable module file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between th
133. dware manual of the microcomputer Description format PROTECT numeric value Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand AN integer in the range of 0 to OFFH can be written in the operand Asymbol can be written in the operand This directive command can be described in the assembly sauce file only in 1 degree Precautions When this directive command is described in more than one assembly sauce file it becomes warning with the linkage editor Description example fixed vector section org OFFFCh RESET lword start protect OFFH Sets protect code OFFH REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 199 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Set the software interrupt Function The software interrupt number and software interrupt name are set The contents set to this directive command are allocated to the variable vector table The content set in this directive command is output to a map file generated by the linker as variable vector table information Precaution If this directive command is written a variable vector table is automatically generated by the linker If as a result of automatic generation a free space is created in the variable page vector table any software interrupt not specified by this directive command a value for the free space is set in order of the prior
134. e Be sure to write in numeric values Destination address may be changed The jump address can be a position that differs from an anticipated destination When writing an address in a branch instruction operand using a location symbol for offset be sure to write the addressing mode jump distance and instruction format specifiers for all mnemonics at locations from that instruction to the jump address Fixed data in CODE section Found directive command BYTE WORD ADDR LWORD in the section type is CODE Specify ROMDATA type the section written any directive command BYTE WORD ADDR LWORD REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 79 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Floating point value is out of range The floating point number is out of range Check whether the floating point number is written correctly Values out of range will be ignored Invalid FBSYM declaration it s declared by SBSYM The symbol is already declared in SBSYM The FBSYM declaration will be ignored Rewrite the symbol declaration correctly Invalid SBSYM declaration it s declared by FBSYM The symbol is already declared in FBSYM The SSBSYM declaration will be ignored Rewrite the symbol declaration correctly Location counter exceed xxx The location counter exceeded xxx Check the operand value of ORG Rewrite the source correctly
135. e library file name and the relocatable module file name Multiple relocatable module file names can be specified In this case always be sure to insert a space between each module file name Description example gt lb30 R new sample1 The content of module samplel in the new lib library file is replaced with the content of the samplel r30 file of the same name REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 118 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Updates Modules Function The software compares the created date of a relocatable module in the library file with that of a relocatable module file with which you want to be updated Then if the date of the relocatable module file is newer than that of the module the software updates it Description rule Input this option using a form like U library file name relocatable module file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between the library file name and the relocatable module file name Multiple relocatable module names can be specified In this case always be sure to insert a space between each module name Description example gt lb30 U new sample1 Only when the created date of module samplel in the new lib file is older than that of the samplel r30 file of the same name the content of samplel is updated with the content of the samplel r30 file
136. e the assembler processes them to be referencible from an external file Description format GLB name GLB name name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write a label name in the operand that you want to be a global label Write a symbol name in the operand that you want to be a global symbol When specifying multiple symbol names in the operand separate each symbol name with a comma as you write them Description example GLB name1 name2 name3 GLB name4 SECTION program MOV W 0 name1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 179 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Set ID code for ID check Function Function The specified ID code is stored as 8 bit data in ID store addresses And FF is stored in ROM code protect control address or option function select register The specified value is output the map file and ID file The value set to ID code is output also to the absolute module file x30 Precaution For details on the ID code check see the hardware manual of the microcomputer Description format ID ID code character string ID ID code numeric value Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand The specified ID code is stored as an ASCII code Specify ID code character str
137. e Disable Word Enable Disable Disable Disable Address Disable Disable Disable Disable Long word Disable Enable Disable Disable Precautions If for a word type S byte type assignment expression R2 or R3 is specified for the left side of the expression the assembler uses the RO register If for a long word type S word type assignment expression memory variable or R3R1 is specified for the left side of the expression the assembler uses the R2RO register pair Combination of variable types that can be written in zero extended assignment statement Z Right side Type Left side Type Byte Word Address Long word Byte Disable Disable Disable Disable Word Enable Disable Disable Disable Address Enable Enable Disable Disable Long word Enable Enable Enable Disable Precautions If for a word type Z byte type assignment expression R2 R3 is specified for the right side of the expression the assembler uses the RO register Combination of variable types that can be written in special assignment statements EL ES Right side Type Left side Type Byte Word Address Long word Byte Enable Disable Disable Disable Word Disable Enable Disable Disable Address Disable Disable Disable Disable Long word Disable Disable Disable Disable REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 238 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V
138. e M16C family mnemonics in the source programs that can be assembled by AS30 There are following types of directive commands available Address control directive commands These commands allow you to specify address determination when assembling the source program Assemble control directive commands These commands allow you to specify how operation is executed by as30 Link control directive commands These commands allow you to define information necessary to control address relocation List control directive commands These commands allow you to control the format of list files generated by as30 Branch optimization control directive commands These commands allow you to specify that as30 selects the most suitable branch instruction Conditional assemble control directive commands These commands allow you to select blocks for which code is generated according to conditions set when assembling the source program Extended function directive commands These commands allow you to control the operations that are not listed above Directive commands output by M16C family tool software These directive commands and operands all are output by the M16C family tool software Precautions The directive commands output by the M16C family tool software cannot be written in a source program by the user REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 143 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands List of
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140. e specified value is stored in option function select register The specified value is output the map file The value set to the option function select register is output also to the absolute module file x80 Precaution For details on the option function select register see the hardware manual of the microcomputer Description format OFSREG numeric value Rules for writing command Use this option in combination with R8C option Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand AN integer in the range of 0 to OFFH can be written in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand This directive command can be described in the assembly sauce file only in 1 degree Precautions When this directive command is described in more than one assembly sauce file it becomes warning with the linkage editor When R8C option is not specified it is processed as PROTECT Description example fixed vector section org OFFFCh RESET lword start ofsreg OFFH Sets the option function select register OFFH REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 194 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Controls optimization Function This command controls optimization of unconditional branch instructions A jump distance can be specified for unconditional branch instructions or subroutine call instructions where the jump distanc
141. e specifier is omitted and the operand is not subject to optimization processing The specified contents become effective beginning with the line following one in which this directive command is written Optimization specification by this directive command can be entered for multiple instances in one assembly source file Precaution When the nc30 OGJ Oglb_jmp or as30 JOPT option was specified this directive command is disregarded Description format OPTJ OFF ON JMPW JMPA JSRW JSRA Rules for writing command The following three parameters can be written in the operand of this directive command 1 Optimization control of branch instruction 2 Selection of unconditional branch instruction excluded from optimization processing 3 Selection of subroutine call instruction excluded from optimization processing The following contents can be written in each parameter Kind of parameter Parameter Function 1 OFF Branch instructions are not optimized ON Branch instructions are optimized Default 2 JMPW Unconditional branch instructions not subject to optimization processing are generated with JMP W JMPA Unconditional branch instructions not subject to optimization processing are generated with JMP A Default 3 JSRW Subroutine call instructions not subject to optimization processing are generated with JSR W JSRA Subroutine call instructions not subject to optimization proc
142. ed Option specifier Object address PATCH_TA PATCH_TAn TA11 is 302H address TA21 is 304H address TA41 is 306H address PATCH6N_TA PATCH6N_TAn TA11 is 1C2H address TA21 is 1C4H address TA41 is 1C6H address Precaution R8C option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description rule This command option can be specified at any position in the command line Any decimal number from 0 to 99 can be specified for n in PATCH_TAn This option must always be specified in uppercase letters Description example 1 source file description example section prg code MOV W_ 7E TA11 end PATCH_TA specification the list file output example 1 section prg code 200000 75CF42037E00 MOV W_ 7E TA11 75CF42037E00 This is a line which AS30 output 3 end The same MOV mnemonic written here is generated as escape code Description example2 source file description example section prg code MOV W_ 7E TA11 end PATCH_TA2 specification the list file output example 1 section prg code 200000 75CF42037E00 MOV W_ 7E TA11 0404 This is a line which AS30 output 75CF42037E00 This is a line which AS30 output 3 end 669d Two or more of the NOP mnemonic specified by n and the same MOV mnemonic written here are generated as escape code REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 67 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for
143. ed out normally File name of branch information file The file name of the branch information file is created by changing the extension of the assembly source file a30 by default to jin sample a30 gt sample jin Directory for branch information file generated The branch information file is generated in the same directory as the relocatable module file Absolute Module File The 1n30 editor generates one absolute module file from multiple relocatable module files Format of absolute module file This file is output in the format based on IEEE 695 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 48 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Precaution Since this file comes in a binary format it cannot be output to a screen or printer nor can it be edited Note that if you open or edit this file with an editor file processing in the subsequent stages will not be performed normally File name of absolute module file The file name of the absolute module file normally is created by changing the extension r30 of the relocatable module file that is entered first from the command line into x30 sample r30 gt sample x30 If you specify a file name using command option O the file is generated in specified name Directory for absolute module file generated The absolute module file normally is generated in the current directory If you specify a path in the file
144. ed during program execution that renders the program unable to perform its basic function Warning message This refers to an error encountered during program execution that presents some problem even though it is possible to perform the basic function of the program Precaution Please try to solve all problems that have caused generation of a warning message Some warnings may result in a fault when operating your system on the actual chip although no problem might have been encountered during debugging Return Values for Errors When terminating execution each AS30 program returns a numeric value to the OS indicating its status at termination The table below lists the values that are returned when an error is encountered Return value Content 0 Program terminated normaly 1 Program was forcibly terminated by input of control C 2 Error relating to the OS s file system or memory system occured 3 Error attributable to the file being processed occured 4 Error in input form the command line occured REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 43 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 The table below lists the types of files input for AS30 and those output by AS30 Any desired file names can be assigned However if the extension of a file name is omitted AS30 adds the extension shown in _ in the table below by default as30 In
145. ed file name by changing its extension to Itg Error information in the link error tag file is output with the number of assembly source lines Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example A sample1 ltg file is generated if an error occurs gt In30 sample1 sample2 T REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 92 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Outputs a warning for the unused function names Function Outputs a warning for the unused function names that are written in the C language source file Precaution 1 Before deleting the unused functions check to see that they really are unnecessary functions 2 This option is effective when the finfo option of NC30 and AS30 is specified 3 When calling any assembler function from a C language program always be sure to write the assembler directive INSF and EINSF for the assembler function 4 If any interrupt function is written with an assembler function it will be alerted as an unused function by outputting a warning This applies when the assembler directive INSF and EINSF is written 5 The names listed below are outside the scope of search for unused functions Assembler function name start C language function name main Run time and standard library functions Description rule This command option ca
146. ed to follow when writing an operand Numeric value A numeric value includes an integral and a floating point number Integer An integer can be written in decimal hexadecimal binary or octal notation The table below shows how to write each type of integer Binary Write a number using numerals 0 to 1 and add B or b at the end of the number Example 10010001B 10010001b Octal Write a number using numerals 0 to 7 and add O or o at the end of the number Example 607020 607020 Decimal Write a number using numerals 0 to 9 Example 9423 Hexadecimal Write a number using numerals 0 to 9 and alphabets A to F and add H or h at the end of the number However if the number begins with an alphabet be sure to add a zero 0 at the beginning of the number Example OA5FH 5FH Oadfh 5fh Floating point number The following range of values can be entered that are represented by a floating point number FLOAT 32 bits long 1 17549435 x 10 38 to 3 40282347 x 1038 DOUBLE 64 bits long 2 2250738585072014 x 10 308 to 1 7976931348623157 x 10308 Precautions Floating point numbers can only be entered for the operands of directive commands DOUBLE and FLOAT Example 3 4E35 3 4 10 3 4e 35 3 410 5E20 0 5 107 5e 20 5 0 107 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 139 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Expression Rules for Writing Program An expression consisti
147. eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 51 Motorola S FORM at sureness a a E senda Deddensscssaedssaasadasencsasessasdsesssanedaveaeecieed 51 Tritel HEX Format esien r E ses eeundelavectssesSancddets E E EE aE 51 ID r epee ee eee 52 Library Eilersen enre eea EEEE E NEE isa iinet oe eed Be eee eos 52 Library List Files ccacsessapesasdeaisaasavssadeseadesstebigonsdseadasyavesyssddeadsa viavieessn endanssbigeyssssediageiaassaveeasisavteaneaaes 52 Cross Reference Pile ss sssccciscdscadexss pass eacsdcsegs seas sss RARESA ANE KANAE NEA EEN AAAA EA AERA AANEEN AARRE ESG 53 Absolute List File cccccccccccccesccssssseseeeceeeccesenseaeeeeceeceecessesseeeeesceeeesenseseeeeeeecessesseaseeeeecesesssaseeeeeeees 54 Starting Up Program ccccccccccccccccccceceee cece cece eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeaeeeseeeseeseeeaaeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 55 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 4 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Contents Precautions on Entering Commands cccccccccsscssseesssesseeesessseeeseesseesseesseeessesseeeseesseesseesseeeseeeseeees 55 Structure of Command LANG seess inr a E E A E EA E E anatdaadssedssenntaee 55 Rules for Entering Command Line cccccccccccccccscceecceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 56 Method for Operating asg Osenar an aa aa aaa aaa a aa e An 57 Command Parameters sy ose oseaan
148. egal format file it s not relocatable file The format of the file file is illegal That is not a relocatable file Check to see that the relocatable file is one that was created by as30 Interrupt number X is multiple defined The software interrupt number X is multiple defined Check the software interrupt number REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 98 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Interrupt number X is multiple defined by VECTN and rvector The software interrupt number X is multiple defined by VECTN and rvector Check the software interrupt number Invalid option option is used An invalid option option is used Specify a correct option MCU information mismatch in file file The MCU information in the file file does not match the actual chip Check to see that the relocatable file is one that was created by as30 No input files specified No input file is specified Specify a file name Not enough memory Memory capacity is insufficient Increase the memory capacity Option option is not appropriate The option option is used incorrectly Check the syntax for this option and rewrite it correctly Option parameter address exceed xxx The address specified with an option exceeds xxx Re input the command correctly Special page number X is multip
149. el Precautions SP refers to the stack pointer user stack pointer or interrupt stack pointer indicated by the U flag For details about the stack pointer and U flag functions refer to the M16C Family Software Manual REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 216 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Stack Variables The table below lists the stack variables available for the M16C family The as30 assembler does not discriminate variable names between uppercase and lowercase letters Consequently STK and stk refer to the same variable Stack Variable Name Content STK Memory indicated by stack pointer Stack variables can be written for saving or restoring to or from the stack area Precautions The stack area is indicated by the interrupt stack pointer when the U flag 0 or the user stack pointer when the U flag 1 Flag Variables The table below lists the flag variables available for the M16C family The as30 assembler does not discriminate flag variable names between uppercase and lowercase letters Consequently C and c refer to the same flag variable For details about the functions of flag variables refer to the M16C Family Software Manual Flag Variable Name Flag Name Carry flag Debug flag Zero flag Sign flag Register bank specifying flag OIWIHNINI DIO Overflow flag
150. embled Too many formal parameter There are too many formal parameters defined for the macro Make sure that the number of formal parameters defined for the macro is 80 or less Too many nesting level of condition assemble Condition assembling is nested too many levels Check the syntax for this condition assemble statement and rewrite it correctly Too many macro local label definition Too many macro local labels are defined Make sure that the number of macro local labels defined in one file are 65 535 or less Too many macro nesting The macro is nested too many levels Make sure that the macro is nested no more than 65 535 levels Check the syntax for this source statement and rewrite it correctly REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 78 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Too many operand There are extra operands Check the syntax for these operands and rewrite them correctly Too many operand data There are too many operand data The data entered in the operand exceeds the size that can be written in one line Divide the instruction Too many temporary label There are too many temporary labels Replace the temporary labels with label names Undefined symbol exist An undefined symbol is used Define the symbol Value is out of range The value is out of range Write a value that matches the register bit length
151. en in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF lt Evaluates that value no right side of operator is equal to or greater than value on left side This operator can only be written in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF Evaluates that value on left side and right side of operator are equal This operator can only be written in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF Evaluates that value on left side and right side of operator are not equal This operator can only be written in operand of directive commands IF and ELIF Operators to priorities operation Operator Function Operation enclosed with is performed first befor any other operation If oneexpression contains multiple parentheses leftmost pair is giben priority Parenthesezed operations can be nested Operation Priority in Expression The as30 assembler follows the order of priority shown below as it performs arithmetic operation on the expression written in an operand and handles the value resulting from this operation as an operand 1 value Operation is performed in order of operator priorities highest priority first Operator priorities are listed in the table below The smaller the value shown in this table the greater the priority 2 Operators of the same priority are operated on sequentially beginning from the left side 3 The priority of operation can be changed by enclosin
152. ent Increase the memory capacity Section information is not appropriate in filename The section information in filename is incorrect Check the file name Warning Messages of abs30 Address area exceed OFFFFFH The address range exceeds OF FFFFh Check the absolute module file name File l filename is missing corresponding to module in a filename The file l filename corresponding to the module in a filename cannot be found The absolute list file for this module was not created Regenerate the assembler list file Check the directory where the assembler list file resides Lines num num are relocatable address in filename The lines num num in filename not converted to absolute addresses Check to see if the directive command LIST OFF is written in the assembly source file No information of l filename in a filename The file a filename does not contain information on l filename Check the file name No section information of l name in x name x name doesn t have the section information of l name Absolute list file can t be generated from l name Overwrite in filename The file filename will be overwritten The contents of the old file are not saved anywhere REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 130 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program This section describes the basic rules you need to fol
153. eparated with a comma In this case up to 100 labels can be entered Precautions The maximum number of macro local labels that can be written in one assembly source file including the contents of include files is 65 535 Description example name MACRO LOCAL m1 m1 is the macro local label m1 NOP JMP m1 ENDM REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 189 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stores data in ROM in 4 byte length Function This command stores 4 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format LWORD numeric value name LWORD numeric value Rules for writing command Write an integral value in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand When writing multiple operands separate them with a comma A character or a string of characters can be written in the operand after enclosing it with single quotations or double quotations In this case data is stored in ASCII code representing the characters Precautions The length of a character string you can write in the operand is less than four characters When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after
154. er specifying this option can be symbolic debugged even for local symbols Precaution The map file map output by In30 provides information on symbolic debuggable symbols and labels so you can confirm Description rule f you want system label information and local label information to be output simultaneously be sure to input this option as SM This option can be specified at any position on the command line This option can be set in environment variable AS30COM Refer to Example for using AS30COM for details on how to set Description example Local symbol information in sample a30 is output to sample r30 gt as30 S sample Local symbol information and system label information in sample a30 is output to sample r30 gt as30 SM sample Generates Assembler Error Tag File Function The software generates an assembler error tag file when an assembler error is found The file is output in a format where you can use an editor s tag jump Function Even when you have specified this option no file will be generated if there is no error The software does not generate a relocatable module file if an error is encountered However it does generate a relocatable module file in cases when only a warning has occurred The error tag file name is created from the assembly source file name by changing its extension to atg Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command l
155. er Package V 5 45 Assembler System Starting Up Program Rules for Entering Command Line When starting up each AS30 program observe the rules for entering a command line described below Number of Characters on Command Line The number of characters that can be entered on a command line is 2048 characters bytes Precaution The number of characters may be limited below the above specification depending on the operating environment type of OS of AS30 Method for Entering Command Line Always be sure to enter space between the startup program name and the file name Always be sure to enter space between the file name and each command option File Name The maximum length of a file name is 512 characters bytes including directory specification However the number of characters on a command line must not exceed the above mentioned size including the startup program name and all command options Descriptions of file names are subject to the naming conventions of OS in addition to the above rules Refer to the user s manual of your OS for details Precaution AS30 allows use of the period in only one place of a file name Furthermore some AS30 programs restrict file name extensions characters following the period also Refer to the method for starting up each AS30 program for details Command Options Always be sure to add a hyphen when entering a command option REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 56 M
156. erates labels indicating the jump address for the generated branch instruction The assembler outputs the assembly languages generated from the structure description commands to an assembler list file When a command option is specified A structured description command allows you to select a control block that is made to branch by a structured description statement and its conditional expression A control block refers to a program section from some structured description statement to the next structured description statement except for assignment statements Source Line Information Output The as30 assembler outputs to a relocatable module file the information that is necessary to implement source debugging of NC30 and Macro description of AS30 Symbol Definition The as30 assembler allows you to define symbols by entering command option D when starting up the program This function can be used in combination with a condition assemble function etc REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 40 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Environment Variables of as30 The as30 assembler references the environment variables listed below Environment Variables Program AS30COM as30 BIN30 as30 INC30 as30 LIB30 In30 TMP30 as30 In30 lb30 AS30COM The as30 assembler adds the command options set in the environment variables as it processes a file The com
157. es The variables that can be written on the left and right sides of assignment statement EL are those whose contents can be written in the operands dest and src of mnemonic LDE The variables that can be written on the left and right sides of assignment statement ES are those whose contents can be written in the operands dest and src of mnemonic STE Precautions For details about mnemonics refer to the M16C Family Software Manual A warning is output if an entirely same variable is written on the left and right sides of an assignment statement f a different type of variable is substituted for no expressions can be written on the right side of the assignment statement that contains unary or binary operators Combination of variable types that can be written in assignment statement Right side Type Left side Type Byte Word Address Long word Byte Enable Disable Disable Disable Word Disable Enable Disable Disable Address Disable Disable Enable Disable Long word Disable Disable Disable Enable REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 237 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Combination of variable types that can be written in sign extended assignment statement S i Right side Type Left side Type Byte Word Address Long word Byte Disable Disable Disabl
158. es Line Information Output Function The software does not output C language source line information to a relocatable module file The size of the relocatable module file can be reduced Precaution Absolute module files generated from the relocatable module file that was generated after specifying this option cannot be debugged at the source line level Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line This option can be set in environment variable AS30COM Refer to Example for using AS30COM for details on how to set Description example as30 N sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 65 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Specifies Generated File Output Directory Function This option specifies the directory to which the relocatable module file assembler list file and assembler error tag file that are generated by the assembler are output The directory name can be specified including a drive name It can also be specified by a relative path Description rule Write this option in the form of O directory name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the directory name Description example The relocatable module file is generated in the work asmout directory on drive c gt as30 Oc work asmout sample The relocatable module file is generated in the tmp directory that is the
159. essing are generated with JSR W Default Each parameter can be specified in any desired order Each parameter can be omitted If any parameter is omitted the jump distance does not change beginning with the default value or previously specified content Description example A combination of operands shown below can be entered OPTJ OFF OPTJ ON OPTJ ON JMPW OPTJ ONJMPW JSRW OPTJ ONJMPW JSRA OPTJ ON JMPA OPTJ ONJMPAJSRW OPTJ ON JMPAJSRA OPTJ ON JSRW OPTJ ONJSRA REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 195 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Specifies address value Function Sections in which this directive command is written are assigned absolute attribute Precautions Absolute attribute sections cannot have their addresses relocated when linking programs The addresses of a section in which this directive command is written take on absolute values The addresses where code is stored for mnemonics that are written in the lines immediately following this directive command are determined The memory addresses to be allocated by an area allocating directive command that is written in the lines immediately following this directive command are determined Description format ORG numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written immediately after a section directive command Precautions If
160. ession in which it will be determined when assembling the source program When the symbol declared by directive command SBSYM is written in the op code When the following expression that includes a symbol defined by directive command SBSYM is written in the op code symbol value determined when assembled symbol value determined when assembled Value determined when assembled symbol For 1 bit operation instructions the addressing mode is selected in the following manner When the mnemonic has a short format in its instruction format Short format SB relative is selected When the mnemonic does not have a short format in its instruction format A 16 bit SB relative addressing mode is selected Selection of FB relative FB relative is selected when the following conditions are met Precautions The FB register value must always be set using directive command FB before FB relative addressing can be used When an operand value is determined when assembling the source program and the determined value is in an addressing range in which FB relative can be selected This address range is a range in the 64 Kbyte address space and range in the result added 128 to 127 to value of the 16 bit register FB When the symbol declared by directive command FBSYM is written in the op code When the following expression that includes a symbol defined by directive command FBSYM is written in the op code s
161. expression in the operand of this directive command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Function of conditional expression Conditional assemble is performed based on the result of the conditional expression Rules for writing conditional expression Only one conditional expression can be written in the operand of the directive command Always be sure to write a relational operator in the conditional expression The operators listed below can be used Relational operators Contents gt True if value on left side of operator is greater than value on right side lt True if value on right side of operator is greater than value on left side gt True if value on left side of operator is equal to or greater than value on right side lt True if value on right side of operator is equal to or greater than value on left side True if values on left and right sides of operator are equal l True if values on left and right sides of operator are not equal Arithmetic operation of a conditional expression is performed in signed 32 bits Precautions The assembler does not care whether the operation has resulted in overflow or underflow Asymbol can be written in the left and right sides of the relational operator Precautions Symbols cannot be forward referenced only the symbols that are defined after this directive command are referenced Forward referenced s
162. f each new line The maximum number of characters that can be written on one line in the file is 2047 characters If this limit is exceeded In30 outputs an error Comments can be written in a command file When writing comments be sure to enter the symbol at the beginning of each comment Characters from to Carriage Return or Line Feed are handled as comments Example of command file description sample1 sample2 sample3 ORDER ram 80 ORDER prog sub datasub and data M REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 83 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Command Options of In30 This section explain how to specify command options when using 1n380 Disables Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when In30 is processing Error messages are output to screen Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example In30 sample1 sample2 Specifies Start Address of Program Function This option sets the entry address of an absolute object module This address is used to indicate the start address to the debugger Numeric values or label names can be used to specify an address value However local label names cannot be specified Description rule Input this option using a form like E numeric value or label name Always be sure to insert a space between
163. fied Specify a file name Not enough memory Memory is insufficient Increase the memory capacity Option xxx is not appropriate The command option is specified incorrectly Check the syntax for this command option and specify it correctly again REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 126 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating abs30 This section explains the method for operating abs30 to utilize its functions The primary function of abs30 is to generate an absolute list file from a specified assembler list file Precautions using abs30 f two or more same section declarations exist and the section is not output to the assembler list file by the directive command LSIT OFF in one assembly sourcefile a correct actual address might not be generated Specify command option LM when the assembler as30 processed the source file that contains macro directive com mand Specify command option LS when the assembler as30 processed the source file that contains structured directive command for AS30 Itis needed that header lines are output to assembler list file Operate as30 without command option H Command Parameters The table below lists the command parameters available for abs30 Parameter name Function File name Assembler list or absolute modulefile name to be processed by abs30 Disables message output to screen
164. fied in any order Description example gt lb30 A new sample2 Adds Modules to Library File Function The software adds a relocatable module to an existing library file If the specified library file is nonexistent Ib30 creates a new library file Ifa relocatable module bearing the same name as one you are going to add is already entered in the library file lb30 outputs an error If the relocatable module file you are going to add contains a definition of the same global symbol name as in the module that is already entered in the library file Ib30 outputs an error Description rule Input this option using a form like A library file name relocatable module file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between the library file name and the relocatable module file name Description example gt lb30 A new lib sample3 r30 A sample3 module is added to the new lib file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 116 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Creates New Library File Function The software creates a new library file Precaution If a library file of the same name as one you have specified in this command option already exists the contents of the old library file are replaced with those of the new library file Description rule Input this option using a form like C library fi
165. file An editor s tag jump function can be used The link error tag file is output in order of the assembly source file name error line number and error message as shown below smp inc 2 Warning In30 smp2 r30 Absolute section is written after the absolute section ppp smp inc 2 Error In30 smp2 r30 Address is overlapped in CODE section ppp File name of link error tag file The file name of the link error tag file is created by changing the extension x30 of the absolute module file into tg sample x30 gt sample ltg Directory for link error tag file generated The link error tag file is generated in the directory where the absolute module file resides Motorola S Format The lmc30 generates a Motorola S format file that can be programmed into EPROM Format of Motorola S file The following can be specified when generating a Motorola S format file Set the length of one data record to 16 bytes or 32 bytes Set the start address of a program File name of Motorola S file The file name of the Motorola S file is created by changing the extension x30 of the absolute module file into mot sample x30 gt sample mot Directory for Motorola S file generated The files are generated in the current directory Intel HEX Format Only when you specify command option H Imc30 generates an Intel HEX format file that can be programmed into EPROM Format of Intel HEX file The following can be spe
166. following this instance of CASE is generated no code is generated for branching to that block Rules for writing command Only once instance of structured description command DEFAULT can be written in one SWITCH statement Example of source description SWITCH work CASE 1 BREAK CASE 2 DEFAULT ENDS Expansion example CMP B 1 work Generated for CASE JNE Sw0004 Generated for CASE JMP sw0000 Generated for BREAK sw0004 Generated for CASE CMP B 2 work Generated for CASE JNE sw0006 Generated for CASE _ sw0006 Generated for DEFAULT _sw0000 Generated for ENDS REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 232 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Basic structure The basic structure of a DO statement consists of structured description commands DO and WHILE and a control block enclosed with these commands DO Control block WHILE Conditional expression Function After executing the control block the assembler checks the conditional expression written in the operand of WHILE to see if it is true or false If the conditional expression is true control branches to DO If the conditional expression is false control branches to the next line A BREAK statement can be written in the control block This BREAK statement causes control to branch to the line next to WHILE A CONTINUE statement can be written
167. g Conditional Assemble The following shows examples of how conditional assemble is executed after selecting from three messages Here the assembly source file name is sample a30 Conditional assemble execution examples are shown below Assebly Source File SECTION outdata ZROMDATA ALIGN AF TYPE 0 BYTE PROTO TYPE ELIF TYPE gt 0 BYTE MASS PRODUCTION TYPE ELSE BYTE DEBUG MODE ENDIF END Command Input 1 gt as30 sample Dtype 0 Assembled Result 1 SECTION outdata ZROMDATA ALIGN BYTE PROTO TYPE END Command Input 2 gt as30 sample Dtype 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 39 Assembled Result 2 SECTION outdata ZROMDATA ALIGN BYTE MASS PRODUCTION TYPE END Command Input 3 gt as30 sample Dtype 1 Assembled Result 3 SECTION outdata ZROMDATA ALIGN BYTE DEBUG MODE END Next the following shows an example of how to set a value to TYPE in the assembly source file TYPE EQU 0 SECTION outdata ROMDATA ALIGN IF TYPE 0 BYTE PROTOTYPE ELIF TYPE gt 0 BYTE MASS PRODUCTION TYPE ELSE BYTE DEBUG MODE ENDIF END Structured Description Function Programming with AS30 allows you to enter structured descriptions using structured description commands The following lists the functions of AS30 s structured description The assembler generates assembly language branch instructions corresponding to the structured description commands The assembler gen
168. g a given operator with parentheses Priority Type Operator Operator 1 Operator to change priority 2 Unary operator SIZEOF TOPOF 3 Binary operator 1 L 4 Binary operator 2 5 Binary operator 3 gt gt lt lt 6 Binary operator 4 amp 7 Binary operator 5 8 Rlational operator gt lt gt lt REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 141 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Expression and lts Value Rules for Writing Program The following shows a description example of an expression and the value that results from operations performed by as380 Expression Result of operation 2 6 2 5 2 6 2 4 1 lt lt 3 1 16 1 lt lt 3 1 9 3 2 4 2 1 3 2 4 2 0 8 4 2 10 8 4 2 6 8 amp 8 2 8 amp 8 2 4 6 3 18 6 3 18 6 3 18 Character String A character string can be entered in the operand of some directive commands This character string can be comprised of 7 bit ASCII code characters When writing a character string in the operand of a directive command be sure to enclose it with single or double quotations unless otherwise specified Example string string REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 142 2tENESAS M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands AS30 allows you to write directive commands in addition to th
169. ging degradation or any other appropriate measures Because the evaluation of microcomputer software alone is very difficult please evaluate the safety of the final products or system manufactured by you Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office for details as to environmental matters such as the environmental compatibility of each Renesas Electronics product Please use Renesas Electronics products in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations that regulate the inclusion or use of controlled substances including without limitation the EU RoHS Directive Renesas Electronics assumes no liability for damages or losses occurring as a result of your noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations This document may not be reproduced or duplicated in any form in whole or in part without prior written consent of Renesas Electronics Please contact a Renesas Electronics sales office if you have any questions regarding the information contained in this document or Renesas Electronics products or if you have any other inquiries Note 1 Renesas Electronics as used in this document means Renesas Electronics Corporation and also includes its majority owned subsidiaries Note 2 Renesas Electronics product s means any product developed or manufactured by or for Renesas Electronics M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Preface Microsoft MS DOS Windows and Windows NT are eit
170. global label names externally referenced by the module Example of Library List file Librarian lb30 for M16C Family Version 1 00 00 Library file name libsmp lib Last update time 1995 Jul 7 15 44 Number of module s 1 Number of global symbol s 12 Module name sample Ver VER sample program file Date 1995 Jul 7 15 43 Size 00894H Global symbol s btsym5 btsym6 btsym7 btsym8 btsym9 subi sub2 sym5 sym6 sym7 sym8 sym9 Cross Reference File The xrf30 generates from the assembly source file a file that contains summary information on lines where symbols and labels are defined and referenced Format of cross reference file This file is output in a text format that can be output to a screen and printer Therefore you can print this file to a printer during debugging and check positions in the assembly source file where symbols are defined The format of a typical cross reference file is shown in Example of Cross Reference File REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 53 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Information in cross reference file The following explains the information that is output to a cross reference file 1 Label name This indicates a label name 2 File name This indicates a file name in which the above label is written 3 Reference line number and classification symbol This indicates a line number in which the label is defined an
171. h SUMP OFF is written Short jump instructions are generated in lines after one in which SUMP ON is written Description format SJMP ON SSJMP OFF Description rules Be sure to insert a space or tab between this directive command and ON or OFF Description example SUMP ON Generation of short jump is enabled JMP lab NOP SUMP OFF JMP lab Generation of short jump is disabled NOP lab REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 1RENESAS 206 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines a stack in inspector information Function Defines a stack in inspector information Format STK stack size Description rules Be sure to put a space or a tab between this directive instruction and the operand Be sure to give a stack size Use an integer to give a stack size Notes Use this directive instruction within a range from the start of a function in inspector information to its end This directive instruction turns effective when the command option finfo has been chosen Description example INSF glbfunc G 0 STK 2 2 byte push jsr glbsub STK 2 2 byte pop EINSF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 207 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Extracts specified number of characters Function This command extracts a specified number of characters from the specified pos
172. haracters from specified character string beginning with specified position REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 147 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates the assembly source file name being processed by as30 Function This command expands a file name into the one that is being processed by as30 i e assembly source file or include file Precautions The file name that can be read in by this directive command is a file name with its extension and path excluded If command option F is specified FILE is fixed to an assembly source file name that is specified in the command line If this option is not specified the command denotes the file name where FILE is written Description format FILE Rules for writing command This command can be written in the operands of directive commands ASSERT and INCLUDE Description example lt sample a30 gt INCLUDE _incfile inc INCLUDE FILE inc a 1 ASSERT comment gt FILE 2 lt incfile inc gt INCLUDE FILE 2 2 2 nn 3 ASSERT comment gt FILE mes __ 4 In the case of above example they are expanded as follows 1 INCLUDE sample inc 2 ASSERT comment gt sample 3 INCLUDE incfile 4 ASSERT comment gt incfile mes In the case of above example if command option F is specified the character strings of FILE of 3 and 4 are
173. he permission of the file Can t write ASSERT message file xxxx Data cannot be written to the ASSERT output file Check the permission of the file Can t write in file filename Data cannot be written to the filename file Check the permission of the file CASE not inside SWITCH CASE is written outside a SWITCH statement Make sure the CASE statement is written within a SWITCH statement Characters exist in expression Extra characters are written in an instruction or expression Check the rules to be followed when writing an expression REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 73 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Command line is too long The command line has too many characters Re input the command DEFAULT not inside SWITCH DEFAULT is written outside a SWITCH statement Make sure the DEFAULT statement is written within a SWITCH statement Directive command RVECTOR can t be described The directive command RVECTOR cannot be written here If a variable vector table is to be automatically generated do not write a program in the vector section Directive command SVECTOR can t be described The directive command SVECTOR cannot be written here If a special page vector table is to be automatically generated do not write a program in the svector section Division by zero A divide by 0 operat
174. her registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation Intel and Pentium are registered trademarks of Intel Corporation Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated Netscape and Netscape Navigator are registered trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation in the U S and other countries All other brand and product names are trademarks registered trademarks or service marks of their respective holders REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 3 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Contents ASSO Contents mesener nna enna aS EE AN A E AAEN EE E E A EEES ANSES R 4 Manual Writing Conyentioh Sessera a A E E R A E 9 SpecihcaHons OF ASSO senusien e esseni aT NL E NT TETA T 10 Character Setiis s csaecesss coke ssccadestaxakands EREE E RREO EEREN EEEE A EAEE ERENER EEI ESEE 10 Outline of FUNCTION cccccccccccceeeceeceeeneeeceeeceeeceeeceeeceeeceeeaeeeceeeceeeceeeaeeeceeseeeseeeaaeeseeeaseeseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeess 11 GOMMPUTA TIONS 25256256 sac0ee e E EE AE NR E E EEE EE EES 11 FUNCIONS scccsssxsncsacsssesesetnnvatessesyeapuwed gece E EREE ANSE E A EE ESE AES PEENES EEEa 12 Outline Processing by ASIO iere Air E E E EIEE A I E ove NEN 13 Structure OF ASI Usainen a E E E T SST ENSS 14 Outline of as80 funiCti Onis 432i 2ssssoss0
175. hose that derive from processing by macro processor or structured processor into a relocatable module file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 14 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 15 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline Processing by as30 Outline of Function After interpreting the input command lines as30 activates each program of macroprocessor as30 controls the command options added when each program starts up and the file names to e structured processor and assembler processor e be processed Each program is started up sequentially in the following order 1 Macro processor 2 Structured processor 3 Assembler processor The chart below shows a flow of processing performed by as30 Multiple files can be specified simultaneously Assembly souce file A a30 Assembler list file A Ast Assembler list file B Ast When error i occurs ssembler error tag file T is specified atg 2ENESAS Assembly source file B a30 Basic function Relocatable module file A 130 Relocatable module file B 30 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function Outline of as30 functions Generates relocatable module files Generates assembler list files Assembly source file a30 f Internal processing Assembler driver While controlling macro processor structured processor and assembler processor it ge
176. ian generates one library file from the relocatable module files generated by as30 by integrating them as modules into a single file Format of library file The library file is based on the IEEE 695 format Precaution Since this file comes in a binary format it cannot be output to a screen or printer nor can it be edited If you open or edit this file with an editor file processing in the subsequent stages will not be performed normally File name of library file The library file is generated using the file name specified on the command line The extension is lib A library file name cannot be omitted on the command line Directory for library file generated If a path is specified on the command line the library file is generated in that directory If no path is specified the library file is generated in the current directory Library List File The 1b30 librarian generates a list file indicating library files and the relocatable modules entered in each library file Format of library list file This file is output in a text format that can be output to a screen and printer By referencing this file it is possible to get approximate information about the relocatable modules entered in the library file The format of a typical library list file is shown in Example of Library List REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 52 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30
177. ic value If the numeric value begins with an alphabet a to f always be sure to add O at the beginning of the value as you enter it Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt In30 VECT stop sample1 sample2 __ 1 gt In30 sample1 sample2 T2 1 Sets the address of stop for the free area in generating the variable vector table 2 Sets the address of __dummy_int for the free area in generating the variable vector table REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 94 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Set the address value of a specified software interrupt number Function Set the address value of a specified software interrupt number Precautions When this option is specified a variable vector table is automatically generated For details about automatic setting of a variable vector table refer to the assembler directive RVECTOR f the software interrupt number specified in the assembler directive RVECTOR is specified in this option an error is assumed This option has priority over the VECT option Description rule Make sure this option is entered in the form like VECTN value or symbol name software interrupt number To specify multiple software interrupt numbers specify them in the form like value or symbol name software interrupt number value or symbol name software
178. ied file extension xxx is incorrect Check the file name Value is out of range The value is out of range Write a value that matches the register bit length Warning Messages of Imc30 ID option isn t processed ID option isn t processed Assembler directive command ID or PROTECT is described ofsreg option isn t processed ofsreg option isn t processed Assembler directive command ID or PROTECT is described protect or ofsreg option isn t processed protect or ofsreg option isn t processed Assembler directive command ID OFSREG or PROTECT is described filename does not contain object data The specified file does not contain object data Check the file name Address exceed xxx The address exceeded xxx Check the written contents of the source program Check to see how sections are located Original HEX format for microcomputers is generated Microcomputers exclusive use file was generated Confirm that microcomputers exclusive use file is not in the problem REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 113 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 This section explains the method for operating 1b30 to utilize its functions The primary function of lb30 is to manage multiple relocatable module files as a single library file Command Parameters The table below lists the comm
179. iers that can be written in memory variables Size Specifier Variable Type B Byte type W Word type A Address type L Long word type Precautions The type of memory variable on a line where a size specifier is set has priority over the type determined by a directive command Rules for Writing Size Specifier Write a size specifier immediately after the memory variable that is enclosed with brackets A space or tab can be entered between the size specifier and brackets Description example SECTION ram DATA lab_b BLKB 1 lab_w BLKW 1 SECTION rom CODE 3 Example of Expansion lab_b ROL MOV B ROL lab_b lab_b W RO MOV W_ RO lab_b lab_w RO MOV W RO lab_w lab_w B ROL MOV B ROL lab_w REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 220 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Memory Bit Variables The bit symbol names defined by the directive commands listed below can be used in structured description statements as a memory bit variable Assembler Directive Command Variable Type BTEQU BTGLB Bit type Memory Bit Variable Addressing Modes The table below lists the address modes that can be specified in memory bit variables Addressing Mode Addressing Mode Description Format Absolute bitsym 16 bitnum addr 16 SB relative bitsym 8 SB bitnum addr 8 SB bitsym 11 SB
180. ified at any position on the command line Description example gt xrf30 sample a30 Specifies Output of System Label Information Function Information on system labels output by as30 also is output to a cross reference file System labels are one that begins with two periods Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt xrf30 N sample st A sample xrf file is generated from a sample I st file gt xrf30 N sample a30 A sample xrf file is generated from a sample a30 file Specifies File Output Directory Function Specify a directory in which you want the cross reference file to be output Description rule Input this option using a form like O directory name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the directory name This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt xrf30 O work list sample a30 A sample xrf file is generated in a work list directory gt xrf30 O work list sample st REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 124 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method of Operating xrf30 Indicates Version Number Function The software indicates the version number of the cross referencer Precaution If this option is specified all other parameters on the command line are ignored Description rule Specify this option o
181. ified even when linking Furthermore the label and symbol information of the following conditions are output as relocatable information Global label and global symbol Information on global labels and global symbols are output to relocatable information Local label and local symbol Information on local labels and local symbols are output to relocatable information providing that they are defined in the relative attribute section However if command options S and SM are specified when assembling information on all local labels and local symbols are output to a relocatable file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 26 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Management of Label and Symbol Addresses This section describes how the label symbol and bit symbol values are managed by AS30 AS80 divides the label symbol and bit symbol values into global local relocatable and absolute as it handles them The following explains the definition of each type Global The labels and symbols specified with directive command GLB are made the global labels and global symbols respectively The bit symbols specified with directive command BTGLB are made the global bit symbols The names defined in a file if specified to be global are made referencible from an external file The names not defined in a file if specified to be global are made the external reference labels sy
182. ify is within the range of data addresses registered in the absolute module file Can t close file filename The file filename cannot be closed Check the directory information Can t create file filename The file filename cannot be created Check the directory information Can t open file filename The file filename cannot be opened Check the file name Command line is too long The character string on the command line is excessively long Re input the command correctly Illegal file format filename is used The file format of filename is incorrect Check the filename Regenerate the file Invalid option option is used An invalid option option is specified Specify the option correctly again Not enough memory Memory is insufficient Increase the memory capacity perce option that can t use in M16C An invalid option option is specified d Specify the option correctly again Specifies option that can t use with R8C R8C option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Specify the option correctly again REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 112 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Option option is not appropriate The option is used incorrectly Check the syntax for this option and rewrite it correctly Unknown file extension xxx is specified The specif
183. ilename one in module1 and another in module2 Check the relocatable file name symbol is multiple defined in filename The symbol symbol is defined twice in the file filename If this error occurs please contact tool support personnel symbol is multiple defined in modulel and module2 Externally defined symbol symbol is defined in two places of the library filename one in modulel and another in module2 Check the relocatable file name xxx and xxx are used The option xxx and the option xxx are used simultaneously Options cannot be specified simultaneously Re input the command correctly Can t close file filename The file filename cannot be closed Check the directory information Can t close temporary file The temporary file cannot be closed Check the directory information Can t create file filename The file filename cannot be created Check the directory name Can t create temporary file The temporary file cannot be created Check the directory information Can t open file filename The file filename cannot be opened Check the file name Can t open temporary file The temporary file cannot be opened Check the directory information Can t write in file filename Data cannot be written to the file filename Memory is insufficient Increase the memory capacity REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7t
184. in a binary format it cannot be output to a display screen or printer nor can it be edited Note that if you open or edit this file with an editor file processing in the subsequent stages will not be performed normally File name of relocatable module file The file name of the relocatable module file is created by changing the extension of the assembly source file a30 by default to r30 sample a30 gt sample r30 Directory for relocatable module file generated If you specified the directory with command option O the relocatable module file is generated in that directory If no directory is specified the relocatable module file is generated in the directory where the assembly source file resides Assembler List File Only when you specified command option L or LM as30 generates source line information and relocatable information as a file in text format that can be output to a display screen or printer Format of assembler list file The information listed below is output to an assembler list file The output format of this assembler list file is shown in Example of Assembler List File 1 1 List line information SEQ Outputs the line numbers of the assembler list 2 Location information LOC Outputs the location addresses of a range of object code that can be determined when assembling 3 Object code information OBJ Outputs the object code corresponding to mnemonics 4 Line information OXMSDA Output
185. ine This option can be set in environment variable AS30COM Refer to Example for using AS30COM for details on how to set Description example The software generates a sample atg file if an error occurs gt as30 T sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 70 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Indicates Version Number Function When this option is specified the software indicates the version numbers of all programs included with AS30 and terminates processing Precaution All other parameters on the command line are ignored when this option is specified Description rule Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt as30 V Invokes External Program Function After generating an assembler error tag file the software invokes an execution program specified following the option X f this option is specified the software generates an assembler error tag file when an error occurs regardless of whether or not you specified the option T Description rule Input this option using a form like X program name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the program name This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example The edit is name of editor program gt as30 Xedit sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 71 M16C Series R8C Family
186. ing Mode Addressing Mode Description Format Absolute label 1 6 label 20 Address register relative label 8 A0 label 1 6 AO label 8 A1 label 16 A1 label 20 A0 SB relative label 8 SB label 1 6 SB FB relative label 8 FB The addressing mode specifier 8 16 or 20 can be omitted Rules for Writing Memory Variables When writing a memory variable name in structured description statement always be sure to enclose it with brackets or as you write it A space or tab can be entered between the memory variable name and brackets When specifying an addressing mode always be sure to enclose it with brackets or along with the variable name as you write it Description example 1 GLB work SECTION memory DATA mem BLKB 1 SECTION program CODE mem 0 work B 0 END Description example 2 label 10 Description example 3 IF label SB ELSE ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 219 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Size Specifier The size specifier can be set for memory variables and address register indirect addressing AO or A1 For memory variables where a size specifier is written the assembler temporarily generates code in the specified size irrespective of the type of variable that is determined when defining a memory variable The table below lists the size specif
187. ing within 7 letter Specify after the ID code value adds to the head ID code value is stored as the numerical value Specify ID code value by the integer value within 14 digits This directive command can be described in the assembly sauce file only in 1 degree Precautions When this directive command is described in more than one assembly sauce file it becomes warning with the linkage editor Description example ID code character string fixed vector section org OFFFCh RESET lword start id Code Sets ID code Code Description example ID code numeric value fixed vector section org OFFFCh RESET lword start id 20030401 Sets ID code 20030401 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 180 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Conditional assemble control Function This command indicates the beginning of a conditional assemble block The assembler resolves the condition written in the operand and if it is true assembles the body that follows If condition is true lines are assembled up to and not including the line where directive command ELIF ELSE or ENDIF is written Any instructions that can be written in a as30 source program can be written in the conditional assemble block Description format AF conditional expression body ENDIF Rules for writing command Always be sure to write a conditional
188. interrupt number Always be sure to enter a space between this option and the value or label name Always be to specify values in hexadecimal If the value begins with an English alphabet a b c d e f be sure to write O at the beginning Be sure to separate a value and a software interrupt number with a comma No spaces or tabs can be entered before and after a comma Always make sure software interrupt numbers are entered in decimal This option can be written at any position in the command line Description example gt In30 VECTN stop 20 sample1 sample2 __ 1 gt In30 VECTN stop0 20 stop1 21 sample1 sample2 2 1 The address value of stop is set for software interrupt number 20 2 The address values of stop0 and stop1 are set for software interrupt numbers 20 and 21 respectively REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 95 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 On the occurrence of a warning no absolute module file is generated Function On the occurrence of a warning no absolute module file is generated On the occurrence of a warning 10 is returned to the return value of OS Precaution When this option is not specified O is returned to the OS return value Description rule This command option can be specified at any position in the command line Description example gt In30 W sample1
189. ion is attempted Rewrite the expression correctly ELSE not associates with IF No corresponding IF is found for ELSE Check the source description ELIF not associates with IF No corresponding IF is found for ELIF Check the source description ENDIF not associates with IF No corresponding IF is found for ENDIF Check the source description ENDS not associates with SWITCH No corresponding SWITCH is found for ENDS Check the source description Error occurred in executing xxx An error occurred when executing xxx Rerun xxx Format specifier is not appropriate The format specifier is written incorrectly Make sure that the format specifier is written correctly Function information is not defined Function information which is inspector information has not been defined Define the function information as required Illegal directive command is used An illegal instruction is entered Rewrite the instruction correctly Illegal file name The file name is illegal Specify a file name that conforms to file name description rules Illegal macro parameter The macro parameter contains some incorrect description Check the written contents of the macro parameter Illegal operand is used The operand is incorrect Check the syntax for this operand and rewrite it correctly Include nesting over Include is nested too many levels Rewrite include so that it is
190. ion using a form like LD directory name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the directory name This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example The work lib lib1 file is referenced gt In30 sample1 sample2 LD work lib L lib1 The work lib lib1 and work tmp lib2 files are referenced gt In30 sample1 sample2 LD work lib L lib1 LD work tmp L lib2 The work lib lio1 file is referenced gt In30 sample LD work L lib lib1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 87 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Specify the assignment of section Function Specifies the address in which the specified section is written Value of symbols in specified section are generated from the address specified by directive command ORG or specified by command option ORDER This option is for applications that run a program on the RAM Precaution 1 It is possible that the program relocated by specification of ALIGN will not operate normally Therefor when using the LOC option relocate a section whose beginning address is even to an even address and one whose beginning address is odd to an odd address 2 The only function of the LOC option is to register the defined program to the specified address It does not send the program to the address area during execution of the application Description
191. is expanded into the line from which the macro is called Actual parameters corresponding to macro defined formal parameters can be written Example of source program After expansion Macro definition SECTION program SECTION rogram main S prog main hama L2E __ 4 Macro call Expanded macro END END position Repeat Macro Function The macro body enclosed between directive commands MREPEAT and ENDR is expanded repeatedly into places after the specified line a specified number of times Repeat macros are expanded into the defined line Labels can be written in repeat macro definition lines Precautions This label is nota macro name There is no macro call available for repeat macros REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 38 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Conditional Assemble Control The as30 assembler allows you to specify whether or not you want a specified range of lines to be assembled by using conditional assemble directive commands Configuration of Conditional Assemble Block The diagram below shows the configuration of a conditional assemble block Conditional assemble block can be written Conditional assemble block can be written Conditional Can be omitted assemble block Can be written for multiple instances Conditional assemble block can be written Can be omitted CE Conditional expression Executin
192. iseossicccicisesloscwcceddvcesssvdeveadgaceate stab satecces AE CE A N E 236 Assignment Statement anran e n dees ai aa edecees a daewe hone A A RREN 237 Structure of Structured Description Command cccccccssssesccccceeeesseeeeccccceeeeuaneeesceceseeeaaaaeeeeees 240 Syntax of Statements ccccccccescccccccessssesssccccceeesuuusescccesseeaususesccecseeessuseececeseeeuasaeesceceeeeeeeauaneness 242 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 tENESAS 8 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Manual Writing Conventions The following explains the conventions used in writing AS30 User s Manuals and the discrimination between uppercase capital and lowercase small letters used in these manuals Uppercase English letters A to Z Indicate the character strings such as mnemonics directive commands and reserved words you may write in source programs and command lines without modifying the written character strings Lowercase English letters Indicate the character strings you can replace with your desired character string For example these indicate label names you can enter as you want However the AS30 program names and file extensions cannot be replaced with other character strings Indicates separation between directories The AS30 manuals use the MS DOS notation to show command input examples unless otherwise noted Indicates that descriptions in can be omitted a B Indicates that you ca
193. ished by 1753 Shimonumabe Nakahara ku Kawasaki shi Kanagawa 211 8668 Japan Edited by Renesas Solutions Corp 2010 Renesas Electronics Corporation All rights reserved Printed in Japan M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler User s Manual 2rCENESAS Renesas Electronics Corporation 1753 Shimonumabe Nakahara ku Kawasaki shi Kanagawa 211 8668 Japan RE10J2006 0200
194. ition of a character string Precautions The value is rendered 0 if the extract start position is assigned a value greater than the length of the character string itself The value is rendered O if the number of characters to be extracted is greater than the length of the character string itself The value is rendered 0 if you specify 0 for the number of characters to be extracted Description format SUBSTR CS ES NC SUBSTR CS ES NC CS character string ES extract start position NC number of characters to be extract Rules for writing command Always be sure to enclose the operand with Always be sure to write the character string extract start position and the number of characters to be extracted Separate the character string extract start position and the number of characters to be extracted with commas as you write them A symbol can be written in the extract start position and the number of characters to be extracted f you specify 1 for the extract start position it means the beginning of the character string The 7 bit ASCII code characters including a space and tab can be used to write a character string Precautions Kanji and other 8 bit code are not processed correctly However the as30 assembler does not output errors Always be sure to enclose the character string with quotations as you write it Precautions If you want a macro argument to be expanded as a character st
195. ity given below 1 Value set by the link option VECT 2 Value of a global label __ dummy_int 3 Value of a global label dummy_ int Note that if any one of the values in 1 to 3 is not set no values are set in the free space If this directive command is written 1 024 bytes of area is reserved for use as the section name vector lf a program is written in the vector section while this directive command is written this directive command results in an error Do not write a program in the vector section The software interrupt numbers specified by this directive command cannot be specified in the link option VECTN Description format RVECTOR software interrupt No software interrupt name Rules for writing command Be sure to describe the space or tab between the directive command and operand Be sure to describe the comma between the software interrupt number and software interrupt name For software interrupt No only the value defined in assembling can be described Software interrupt No can be described in the range of 0 to 63 For the software interrupt name the symbol or label can be described Description example vector 21 timerAO Sets timerA0O to software interrupt No 21 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 200 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Assigns temporary SB register value
196. kage V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function Functions Relocatable programming function This function allows you to write a program separately in multiple files A separately written program can be assembled file by file By allocating absolute addresses to a single file you can debug that part of program independently of all other parts You can also combine multiple source program files into a single debug file Optimized code generation function AS380 has a function to select the addressing mode and branch instruction that are most efficient in generating code for the source program Macro function AS30 has a macro function to improve a program s readability Source level debug information output in high level language AS30 outputs source level debuggable high level language information for programs developed in M16C family s high level languages File generation Each program in AS80 generates a relocatable module file absolute module file error tag file list file and others IEEE 695 format file generating function The binary files generated by AS30 are output in IEEE 695 format Therefore AS30 can be shared with other M16C family development tools using formats based on the IEEE 695 format IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers USA REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 12 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function Outline Processing by AS30 The di
197. l value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name in the allocated area be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example symbol EQU 1 SECTION area DATA work1 BLKB 1 work2 BLKB symbol BLKB symbol 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 155 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 8 bytes Function This command allocates a specified bytes of RAM area in units of 8 bytes Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKD numeric value name BLKD numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a DATA type section Section types can be made the DATA type simply by writing DATA following the section name when you define a section Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write an integral value in the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand The expression in the operand must have its values determined when assembling the source program When defining a label name
198. le Term Contents regb ROL ROH R1L R1H A0 B A1 B A0 B A1 B regw RO R1 R2 R3 A0 A1 A0 A1 regc FB SB SP ISP FLG INTBH INTBL reglw R2R0 R3R1 regad A1A0 Precautions SP refers to the stack pointer user stack pointer or interrupt stack pointer indicated by the U flag For details about the stack pointer and U flag functions refer to the M16C Family Software Manual Special register variable Term Contents dsp 8 SP Special Page addressing variable INTB INTB IPL IPL STK STK Precautions Memory variable except for bit variable can be written for dsp Memory variable Term Contents memb Byte type memory variable except for description of SP memw Word type memory variable except for description of SP mema Address type memory variable meml Long word type memory variable regmembit Register bit variable memory bit variable flgbit Flag variable REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 240 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Operators Term Contents Unary operators Binary operators 1 C C Binary operators 2 C CD C CD Binary operators 3 Ss Binary operators 4 1 L S S SE Binary operators 5 amp Binary operators 6 gt gt C lt lt C Binary operators 7
199. le defined Special page number X is multiple defined Check the special page number Special page number X is multiple defined Special page number X is multiple defined Check the special page number Specified an option that can t be used with option The option that cannot be used with option at the same time is specified Check the option symbol type of floating point is not supported Floating point representation of the symbol type is not supported If this error occurs please contact tool support personnel Wrong value is specified by option loc There is a wrong in the address which was specified by loc Confirm the precaution of loc Zero division exists in the expression Expression for relocation data calculations contain a divide by 0 operation Rewrite the expression correctly Warning Messages of In30 e option parameter symbol is undefined The symbol symbol specified with e is not defined yet Define symbol in the source program The program will be processed assuming values 0 CODE section section 1 is overlapped on the section 2 The CODE section section 1 overlaps section 2 The sections have been allocated overlapping each other Check to see if these sections are allowed to overlap DATA section section 1 is overlapped on the section 2 The DATA sections section 1 and section 2 are overlapping Sections are l
200. le name relocatable module file name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between the library file name and the relocatable module file name Description example gt lb30 C new sample1 sample2 A new library file named new lib is created that contains samplel and sample2 Deletes Modules from Library File Function The software deletes a specified relocatable module from the library file Once deleted the module is nonexistent anywhere Description rule Input this option using a form like D library name relocatable module name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the library file name and between the library file name and the relocatable module name Multiple relocatable modules you want to be deleted can be specified In this case always be sure to insert a space between each module name Description example gt lb30 D new sample2 A relocatable module sample2 is deleted from the new lib library file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 117 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Generates Library List File Function The software generates a library list file that contains information on a specified library file The extension of generated library list file is Ils e A library list file can also be generated that contains information on only the necessary mo
201. ler System Directive Commands Reads file into specified position Function This command reads the content of a specified file into a line of the source program With either an absolute path given to the name of a file to include AS30 searches the given directory for the file If the file is not found an error occurs With either an absolute path or a relative path given to the name of a file to include AS30 searches the given directory for the file If the file is not found an error occurs With no path included in the name of a file to include AS30 searches for the file in the sequence given below In an instance in which no directory is designated for the file name designated in the command line at the time of starting up AS30 AS30 searches for a file name designated by the inclusion directing instruction In an instance in which a directory is designated for a file name designated in the command line at the time of starting up AS30 AS30 searches for a file name resulting from adding a directory name specified in the command line to a file name specified by the inclusion directing instruction 2 AS80 searches the directory designated by the command option I 3 AS30 searches the directory set in the environment variable INC30 Description format INCLUDE file name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Always be sure to write a file extension in the
202. ler list file Function Header information is not output to an assembler list file Precautions When generating an assembler list file to be processed by abs30 do not specify this option Description rule This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Specify this option simultaneously with the command option L Description example Header information is not output to the sample st file gt as30 L H sample Specify an include file search directory Function The include file specified by INCLUDE that is written in the source file is searched from a specified directory Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Specify a directory path immediately after I No space or tab can be inserted between this option and a directory path name Description example The include file written in the operand of a directive command INCLUDE is searched from the work include directory gt as30 l work include Optimizes the branch instruction referencing the global label Function This option is used to optimize the branch instructions JMP amp JSR that are making reference to the global label Precautions When this option is specified always specify the nc30 OGJ Oglb_jmp and In30 JOPT options When this option was specified the branch information file extent jin is generated Do not edit the branch info
203. les Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when xrf30 is processing Error messages are output to screen Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt abs30 sample a30 Specifies File Search Directory Function Specify the directory in which you want assembler list files to be searched lf this directory is not specified abs30 searches assembler list files from the current directory Description rule Input this option using a form like D directory name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the directory name Description example gt abs30 sample Ddir Assembler list files in dir under the current directory are searched gt abs30 sample Ddir list1 File list1 lst is searched in dir under the current directory is searched Specifies File Output Directory Function Specify the directory in which you want the absolute list file to be generated If this directory is not specified the absolute list file is generated in the current directory Description rule Input this option using a form like O directory name No space or tab can be entered between this option and the directory name Description example gt abs30 sample Oabslist The absolute list file is generated in the abslist directory under the current directory REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 128
204. library file are compared with the labels whose values are pending If any labels match In30 links this relocatable module in the library file to the absolute module file 3 After going over the relocatable modules in the library file if there remains any global label whose value is pending i e a relocatable module in the library file contains an external reference label In30 again searches modules in the library file in the order they are entered Example of referencing library modules The following shows an example of how modules in a library file are referenced Example Two relocatable files are linked by entering the command below In this case library file lib1 lib is referenced as necessary gt In30 sample1 sample2 L lib1 lib sample1 r30 sym1 External reference sym2 External reference Specified relocatable module files are linked in sample2 r30 the order they are specified sym3 External reference Undefined symbols are searched from the library file in the following order Procedure for determining library module linking sequence 1 Global symbol 1 is searched 2 Global symbol 2 is searched lib lib 3 Global symbol 3 is searched 4 Global symbol 4 is searched moduleA sym4 definition moduleE J sym1 definition sym4 External reference a Determined linking sequence moduleC sample1 r30 sym2 definition sample2 r30 moduleB moduleD moduleC sym3 definition moduleD moduleA Caution In30 allocates
205. list If this error occurs please contact tool support personnel Command file line characters exceed The number of characters per line in the command file exceeds the limit Check the contents of the command file Command line is too long The command line contains too many characters Create a command file DEBUG information mismatch in file Some file whose format version of relocatable module file does not match that of other file is included Redo assembling using the latest assembler Error occurred in executing xxx Error occurred in executing xxx Check the error message of xxx Illegal file extension xxx is used The file extension xxx is illegal Specify a correct file extension Illegal format file The format of the file file is illegal Check to see that the relocatable file is one that was created by as30 Ilegal format file expression error occurred The format of the file file is illegal Check to see that the relocatable file is one that was created by as30 Illegal format file it s not jin file The format of the file file is illegal That is not a branch information file jin Check to see that the branch information file is one that was created by as30 Illegal format file it s not library file The format of the file file is illegal That is not a library file Check to see that the library file is one that was created by 1b30 Ill
206. low when writing a source program that can be assembled by AS30 Precautions on Writing Program Pay attention to the following when writing a program to be assembled by AS30 Do not use the reserved words of AS30 for names in your source program The character strings consisting of AS30 directive commands which have had the periods removed can be used for names without causing an error However avoid using these character strings because some of them affect processing performed by AS30 System labels the character strings that begin with written in your source program may not result in generating an error However avoid using system labels because some of them may be used for AS30 extension in the future Character Set You can use the following characters when writing an assembly program to be assembled by AS80 Uppercase alphabets ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Lowercase alphabets abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Numerals 0123456789 Special characters wo GOP eS LIN A T Blank Space Tab New parabraph or line Carriage retrn Line feed Precautions Always be sure to use en size characters when writing instructions and operands You cannot use multi byte characters e g kanji unless you are writing comments Reserved Words AS30 handles the same character strings as directive assemble commands and mnemonics as reserved words These reserved words are not case sensitive so they are not discriminated between upperc
207. ly C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Basic structure The basic structure of a FOR statement consists of structured description commands FOR and NEXT and a control block enclosed with these commands FOR Loop counter Initial value TO final value STEP increment Control block NEXT Function The loop counter value specified in the operand of structured description command FOR is updated for a specified amount of increment When the value becomes equal to the final value the control block is executed f the loop counter value equals the final value control branches to the line immediately following structured description command NEXT Ifthe specified increment is a negative value the loop counter is counted down Precautions The control block is always repeated until the loop counter value becomes equal to the final value Ifthe increment is omitted the assembler assumes 1 as it generates object code System labels are generated for FOR and NEXT statement A BREAK statement can be written in the control block This BREAK statement forcibly terminates repetition control A CONTINUE statement can be written in the control block This CONTINUE statement causes control to branch to the NEXT statement Rules for writing command Aregister variable and memory variable can be written in the loop counter Precautions If the register variable or memor
208. mand options set in this environment variable can be nullified by using two consecutive hyphens The command options listed below can be set to this environment variable How to set up AS30COM SET AS30COM L N S T How to clear the settings on AS30COM SET AS30COM Example for using AS30COM When environment variable AS80COM is set as30 sets the command options in the following order 1 as30 first sets the command options set in AS3O0COM 2 as30 sets the command options entered from a command line The following shows an example for setting an option to AS80COM an example for entering a command option from a command line and an example of a valid command option Example for setting up AS30COM SET OPT30 L N S L Command input example 1 as30 Dsym 0 N Option that becomes valid when executing as30 1 as30 Dsym 0 L S T Command input example 2 as30 O tmp T SM LM Option that becomes valid when executing as30 2 as30 O tmp N SM LM BIN3O The assembler driver as30 invokes the macro processor the structured processor and assembler processor residing in the directory you have set If this variable is set always make sure that macroprocessor structured processor and assembler processor are placed in the directory you have set Multiple directories can be specified If multiple directories are specified as30 searches the directories sequentially from left to right in the order they are written REJ10J2006 02
209. mbler list file M Even macro description expansion sections are output to the assembler list file 5 Even structured description expansion sections are output to the assembler list file Description example gt as30 LIM sample gt as30 CDLSMI sample Generate Structured Description Command Variables in Byte Type Function The software processes variables in structured description commands whose types are indeterminate as the byte type Description rule This option can be specified at any position of the command line Make sure this option is specified along with a command option P Description example gt as30 P M sample gt as30 M P sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 64 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Control code generation Function The software processes the following description Option content M60 The mnemonic NOP is added after the line witch is written mnemonics SHL SHA and ROT The mnemonic JMP B is added before the line witch is written the mnemonic JMP A and JSR A M61 The as30 does not process Refer to the In30 s processing Precaution R8C option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt as30 M61 sample Disabl
210. mbols or bit symbols that reference the names defined in an external file All names specified with neither directive command GLB nor BTGLB are made the local names Local names can be referenced within the file in which they are defined Local names can have the same label name used in other files Relocatable The values of local labels symbols and bit symbols in a relative attribute section are made the relocatable values The values of the externally referencible global labels symbols and bit symbols become relocatable values REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 27 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Absolute The values of the local labels symbols and bit symbols defined in an absolute attribute section become absolute values The diagram below shows the relationship of labels explained above file1 a30 ver sub1 port Global declaration of label essential device 40H Absolute label in file1 port SECTION program main RG 8000H Relocatable label in file2 R subl ver SECTION str ROMDATA sub1 BYTE program version 1 END ver subl port Global declaration of label essential SECTION program ao 0CO00H Absolute label in file2 sub1 0 0 loop_s1 ver A0 port Relocatable label in file2 AO ver ver AO 0 port loop sl Converting Relocatable Values The 1n30 editor converts the relocatable values in
211. me Absolute module file name essential Specify the absolute module file generated by In30 Specify only one absolute module file name The file extension x30 can be omitted No file names can be specified unless their extension is x30 Command options Specify command options as necessary Multiple command options can be specified When specifying multiple command options the command options can be entered in any order REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 102 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Imc30 Command Options This section explains how to specify the command options of lmc30 Disables Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when Imc30 is processing Error messages are output to screen Description rule Always be sure to specify this option before the file name Description example gt Imc30 debug Specifies an address range of output data Function Specifies an address range for machine language data to be output to a file generated You can use one of two ways given below to choose this option 1 You specify the starting address and the ending address of the output 2 You specify the starting address of the output only Description rules Specify this option either in the form of A starting address ending address or A starting address Put at le
212. n This command indicates a position in the character string specified in the operand at which a search character string begins A position can be specified at which you want the assembler to start searching a character string Precautions The value is rendered 0 if a search character string is longer than the character string itself The value is rendered 0 if a search character string is not included in the character string The value is rendered 0 if the search start position is assigned a value greater than the length of the character string Description format INSTR CS SC SP INSTR CS SC SP CS character string SC search character string SP search start position Rules for writing command Always be sure to enclose the operand with Always be sure to write the character string search character string and search start position Separate the character string search character string and search start position with commas as you write them No space or tab can be inserted before and after the comma A symbol can be written in the search start position If you specify 1 for the search start position it means the beginning of the character string The 7 bit ASCII code characters including a space and tab can be used to write a character string Precautions Kanji and other 8 bit code are not processed correctly However the as30 assembler does not output errors Always be sure to encl
213. n be specified at any position in the command line Description example gt In30 U sample Indicates Version Number Function The software indicates the version number of In30 Precaution All other parameters on the command line are ignored when this option is specified Description rule Specify this option only and nothing else Description example gt In30 V REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 93 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Sets a value for the free area in generating the variable vector table Function Set a value for the free area left after a variable vector table was automatically generated software interrupts not set by the assembler directive RVECTOR A value or a global label name can be specified for the value to be set for the free area Note that the set value is handled as 4 byte data Precautions 1 When this option is specified a variable vector table is automatically generated For details about automatic setting of a variable vector table refer to the assembler directive RVECTOR 2 Ifthe VECTN option is specified the VECTN option has priority Description rule Input this option using a form like VECT numeric value or label name Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the numeric value or label name Always be sure to use hexadecimal notation when entering a numer
214. n is allocated from address Of000H dat section is allocated from address Of2000H 5 main section is allocated from address OfOOOH dat section is allocated from address Of38000H REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 91 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Control code generation Function Generates a code that conforms to the R8C Family Option Address area R8C OH to OFFFFH R8CE OH to OFFFFFH Precaution M60 and M61 option cannot be specified at the same time as this option The value set to the option function select register is outputted by message The Value of option function select register is xxH Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt In30 R8C sample Generates Link Error Tag File Function The software generates a link error tag file when a link error occurs This file is output in a format that allows you to use an editor s tag jump Function Even when you specify this option this error file will not be generated if no error is encountered The error tag file name is created from the relocatable module file that is specified at the beginning of the command line by changing its extension to ltg If an absolute module file name is specified with command option O the tag file name is derived from the specifi
215. n select one of two items separated by in as you write a program Terms Used in Manuals The following explains the terms used in AS30 User s Manuals AS30 Collectively refers to the programs included in the AS30 system or denotes the AS30 software package for the M16C family as30 mac30 pre30 asp30 In30 Imc30 Ib30 xrf30 abs30 Refer to the executable program names included with AS30 Program names are written in lowercase letters unless otherwise noted AS30 EXE MAC30 EXE PRE30 EXE ASP30 EXE LN30 EXE LMC30 EXE LB30 EXE XRF30 EXE ABS30 EXE Refer to the execution program names on MS DOS Mnemonic Refers to assembly language instructions for the M16C family Instructions Collectively refer to the mnemonics and AS30 directive commands Source program Refers to program descriptions that can be processed by AS80 Assembly source file Refers to files that contain a source program REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 9 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Specifications of AS30 AS30 has been designed based on the following specifications Make sure AS30 in your system is used within the range of this specification Item Specification Number of files opened simultaneously Maximum 9 files Number of characters that can be set in environment 2048 bytes characters variables Number of characters per line of source file 512 bytes characters Number of
216. n type If ALIGN is specified In30 allocates the beginning of a section to an even address Directive command ALIGN can be written in a ALIGN specified section or an absolute attribute section Description format SECTION section name SECTION section name section type SECTION section name section type ALIGN SECTION section name ALIGN Rules for writing command Always be sure to write a section name when you define a section When you write an assembly directive command to allocate a memory area or store data in memory or you write a mnemonic always use this directive command to define a section Write the section type and ALIGN after the section name When specifying a section type and ALIGN separate them with a comma as you write Section type and ALIGN can be specified in any desired order Section type can be selected from CODE ROMDATA and DATA The section type can be omitted In this case as30 assumes section type CODE as it processes assembling Description example SECTION program CODE NOP SECTION ram DATA BLKB 10 SECTION dname ROMDATA BYTE abcd END REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 205 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Controls generation of a short jump instruction Function This command controls generation of a short jump instruction No short jump instruction is generated in lines after one in whic
217. ncehsteseatuatetanneesseansessteusessceedassuneasendsasioseimekasceasesenetaievueessetasaameicsneseehaesvast 193 OFSREG soan ropena een A e SRO EAS iia fasta EAA E A OESE AOR aah abba ESEE 194 OPTI a E E O a O E S 195 DRG E EE E bs sabaasesaaniass saviadaasvaseaseenavaauaaaaaes 196 PAG RE EE E E sdsdeasd auvsawassasansdeaadensine 198 PROTEO eee E EEE E EEEE E EEEE 199 RVECTOR scp ee e aa E E a E E Covteeteess 200 WDD AES E TE EEES ESS EE A E A E 201 SBB iA E EARE E Seat ean EE E E N EE AA TE at tad tach a 202 OBS N reaa E E IA E ce tesseaeenecdaene 203 SB AUD O E E E A E aannsensgncasaawaousseaneee adaaahaaes 204 SECTION veies conesis ieoi eiin ERAN IRE EE ERER RER E ON EER 205 Sa A D PE EE E E AS E E EE EE E E E E EEA A 206 Dl e A E E E E E T 207 DU BST Ricsiiesesvecsssesxenennesseeadecs vevawntsedssaccsassiertencsseesssteaeseueadeey AAEE STE AASTON 208 SVECTOR vssesteasvescasnsstueisedssiscnedeadaadvastisahed vebnsaviiashi alee ieeas sais Sica ase es 209 VER cess ec hecocteteeor cee E A E E A coca ceeasates E 210 LODA D EPE E cadens E E R T 211 E E E E E E N E TA dae aviasanssaastanians 212 EE E ENE EEA EEE E EE EEA EEE 213 Structured Description Function ccccccccccccccccccccecccecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeens 214 UGG sess coon E E AEAEE 214 Structured Description Statement ccccccccccssssssesccccceeecssueescccecseesuuaesesccccceeeussaeeececesseensaaeeeecens 214 Reserved Varia D168 i05 5si
218. nd the operand Always be sure to enclose the character string in the operand with double quotations If you want the character string to be output to a file specify the file name after gt or gt gt The symbol gt directs the assembler to create a new file and output a message to that file If there is an existing file of the same name that file is overwritten The symbol gt gt directs the message is added to the contents of the specified file If the specified file cannot be found the assembler creates a new file in that name Space or tab can be inserted before and after gt or gt gt Directive command FILE can be written in the file name Description example ASSERT string gt sample dat Message is output to file sample dat ASSERT string gt gt sample dat Message is added to file sample dat ASSERT string gt FILE Message is output to a file bearing the same name as the currently processed file except the extension REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 153 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Allocates RAM area in units of 3 bytes Function This command allocates a specified bytes of RAM area in units of 3 bytes Label name can be defined at the allocated RAM address Description format BLKA numeric value name BLKA numeric value Rules for writing command This directive command must always be written in a
219. nds Relocatable Assemble The as30 assembler is capable of relocatable assembling necessary to develop a program in separated multiple files It generates a relocatable module file from assembly source files that contains the relocatable information necessary to link multiple files The In30 editor references section information and global symbol information in the relocatable module file generated by as30 while it determines the addresses for the absolute module file section by section Precautions Regarding hardware conditions consider the actually used system as you write source statements and perform link processing Hardware conditions refer to 1 RAM size and its address range and 2 ROM size and its address range Programs as30 and In30 have no concern for the physical address locations in the actual ROM and RAM of each microcomputer in the M16C family Therefore sections of the DATA type may happen to be allocated in the chip s ROM area depending of how files are linked When linking files be sure to check the addresses in the actual chip to ensure that sections are allocated correctly Unit of Address Management Section AS30 manages addresses in units of sections Separation of sections are defined as follows Aninterval from the line in which directive command SECTION is written to a line preceding the line where the next SECTION is written An interval from the line in which directive command SECTION
220. ne This line is where a mnemonic is written Comments can be written in the assembly source line A label name can be written at the beginning of the assembly source line Precautions You cannot write two or more mnemonics in one line You cannot write a directive command and a mnemonic in the same line Label definition line This line is where only a label is written Comment line This line is where only a comment is written Blank line This line contains only space tab or line feed code REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 134 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Rules for Writing Lines Separation of lines Lines are separated by the line feed character and an interval from a character immediately after a line feed character to the next line feed character is assumed to be one line Length of line Up to 255 characters can be written in one line The as30 assembler does not process the characters in any line exceeding this limit Precautions When writing lines of statements make sure that your description is entered within each line The following describes rules on each type of line you need to follow when writing statements Directive command line Function Directive command of assembler can be written in this line Rules for writing Always be sure to insert a space or tab between the directive command and its operand When writing
221. nerates a machine language file Macro processor Macro directive command prossesing File include Condition assemble v Structured processor Processing structured directive command M Relocatable Assembler processor Processing for conversion into ne machine language code REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 16 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of In30 functions Generates an absolute module file Generates an map file e Assigns sections Utilizes relocatable modules in library file Relocatable module file A 30 Relocatable module file B r30 Address can be specified A ection Option M is specified Map file map N When error Link error tag file occurs ltg T is specified NI REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 17 2tENESAS Outline of Function Library file lib Relocatable modules quoted in global symbols are searched Basic function Absolute module file x30 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Function Outline of Imc30 functions Generates Motorola S format file Generates Intel HEX format file Absolute module file X30 Basic function H is specified Motorola S format file Intel HEX format file mot hex REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 18 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Outline of Ib30
222. nested within the valid levels Including the include file in itself An attempt is made to include the include file in itself Check the include file name and rewrite correctly REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 74 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Initialization function definition of the section is not appropriate The section initialization function that involves use of C language startup is defined incorrectly Check how the section initialization function is defined Interrupt number was already defined The software interrupt number was already defined Change the software interrupt number Invalid bit symbol exist An invalid bit symbol is entered Rewrite the bit symbol definition Invalid directive command which isn t supported in R8C A directive command that cannot be specified simultaneously with the R8C option is written Check the content of the directive command written Invalid label definition An invalid label is entered Rewrite the label definition Invalid mnemonic which isn t supported in R8C The mnemonic which isn t supported in R8C Family is described Specify the mnemonic correctly again Invalid operand s exist in instruction The instruction contains an invalid operand Check the syntax for this instruction and rewrite it correctly Invalid option xx is in environment data
223. ng of a combination of numeric value name and operator can be entered A space or tab can be inserted between the operator and numeric value Multiple operators can be used in combination When writing an expression as a symbol value make sure that the value of the expression will be a valid value when your program is assembled The range of values that derive from an expression as a result of operation is 2147483648 to 2147483648 Precautions Even if the operation results in exceeding the range of 2147483648 to 2147483648 the assembler does not care whether it is an overflow or underflow Floating point numbers cannot be written in an expression Character constants cannot be used in any terms of an expression Operators The table below lists the operators that can be written in as30 s source programs Precautions When writing operators SIZEOF and TOPOF always be sure to insert a space or tab between the operator and operand Relational operators can only be written in the operand of directive commands IF and ELIF Unary operators Operator Function Handles value that follows as a positive value Handles value that follows as a negative value 2 Logically NOT s value that follows SIZEOF Handles section size bytes specified in operand as value TOPOF Handles start address of section specified in operand as a value Binary operators Operator Fun
224. nly and nothing else Description example gt xrf30 V Specifies Command File Function The software uses the contents of a specified file as command parameters as it invokes xrf30 Description rule No space or tab can be entered between this option and the file name No other parameters can be entered on the command line Description example gt xrf30 cmdfile REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 125 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating xrf30 Error Messages of xrf30 Can t create temporary file The temporary file cannot be created Check the directory information Can t open file xxxx The xxxx file cannot be opened Check the file name Command file is included in itself An attempt is made to include the command file in itself Check the written contents of the command file Command file line characters exceed The number of characters per line in the command file exceeds the limit Check the contents of the command file Command line is too long The character string on the command line is excessively long Create a command file Input files exceed 80 The number of input files exceeds 80 Re input the command Divide the contents of the command file Invalid option xxx is used An invalid option option is specified Specify the command option correctly again No input files specified No input file is speci
225. nly directs the assembler to take on a provisional FB register value and cannot be used to set a value to the actual FB register To set an FB register value actually write the following instruction immediately before or after this directive command Example LDC 80H FB Asymbol can be written in the operand Description example FB 80H LDC 80H FB REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 175 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Selects FB relative displacement addressing mode Function The assembler selects the FB relative addressing mode for the name specified in the operand of this directive command The assembler selects the FB relative addressing mode for the operand in absolute 16 bit addressing mode that includes the name specified in the operand of this directive command Description format FBSYM name FBSYM name name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Always be sure to set the FB register value with directive command FB before you write this directive command When specifying multiple names be sure to separate the names with a comma as you write them Be careful that the symbol you specify with this directive command is not a duplicate of the symbol specified by SBSYM Description example FB 80H LDC 80 FB FBSYM sym1 sym2 REJ10J2006 0200 Re
226. ocated overlapping each other Check to see if the sections can be located at overlapping addresses REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 99 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 ROMDATA section section 1 is overlapped on the section 2 The ROMDATA section section 1 overlaps section 2 The sections have been allocated overlapping each other Check to see if these sections are allowed to overlap label value exceed xxx The value of the label label exceeds xxx Check the allocated addresses of sections section data exceed xxx The section data exceeds address xxx Check the allocated addresses of sections 16 bits signed value is out of range 32768 32767 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 32 768 to 32 767 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 16 bits unsigned value is out of range 0 65535 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 0 to 65 535 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 16 bits value is out of range 32768 65535 address address Relocation data calculation resulted in the address exceeding the range of 32 768 to 65 535 Overflow is discarded Check whether the value is all right 24 bits signed value is out of range 8388608 8388607 address
227. ocessed as reserved variable names Therefore you cannot use a memory variable name or symbol name for the names used in these variables For details about the register and flag functions refer to the M16C Family Software Manual Register Variables The table below lists the register variables available for the M16C family The as30 assembler does not discriminate register variable names between uppercase and lowercase letters Consequently ROL and r0l refer to the same register variable Variable Name Register Name Variable Type Name ROL ROH R1L R1H Data register Byte type RO R1 R2 R3 Data register Word type A0 B A1B Address register Byte type AO A0 W A1 A1 W Address register Word type A0 B A1 B Address register indirect Byte type A0 A0 W A1 A1 W Address register indirect Byte type A0 A A1 A Address register indirect Address type AO L A1L Address register indirect Long word type FB Frame base register Word type PC Program counter Address type INTBH INTBL Interrupt table register Word type INTB Interrupt table register Address type SP ISP Stack pointer Word type SB Static base register Word type FLG Flag register R2R0 R3R1 32 bit data register Long word type A1A0 32 bit address register Long word type A1A0 B 32 bit address register indirect Byte type A1A0 A1A0 W 32 bit address register indirect Word type IPL Processor interrupt priority lev
228. ode for the expression in absolute 16 bit addressing mode that includes the name specified in the operand of this directive command The SB relative addressing mode can be selected for the operand that contains a relocatable value Precautions The SB relative addressing mode is not selected for the symbols that are defined by using the label name specified by this directive command Description format SBSYM name SBSYM name name Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand A label and symbol can be written in the operand Always be sure to set the SB register value with directive command SB before you write this directive command When specifying multiple names be sure to separate the names with a comma as you write them Description example SB 80H LDC 80H SB SBSYM sym1 sym2 In the following case the SB relative addressing mode is not selected for sym2 SBSYM sym1 sym2 EQU sym1 1 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 203 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands SB_AUTO SB_AUTO_S SB_AUTO_SBVAL SB_AUTO_SBSYM SB_AUTO_R SB_AUTO_E Automatic Generation of SB Relative Addressing Function The assembler selects the SB relative addressing mode Generates the instructions to save restore SB register and to set register values SB_
229. of the command line Description example gt as30 A sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 59 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Indicates Command Invocation Line Function In cases when a command option is specified in environment variable ASS3OCOM if this option is specified you can confirm the command options set when invoking macroprocessor structured processor and assembler processor from as30 as the software indicates them on the screen Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example f L T is set in AS30COM the following output will be obtained gt as30 C N sample This information is displayed beginning with the next line following All Rights Reserved that is output when AS30 starts up normally gt as30 C N sample sample a30 mac30 L T sample a30 macro processing now asp30 L T sample a30 assembler processing now TOTAL ERROR S 00000 gt as30 C N sample If this command option is combined with an option to disable message output to a screen the following output will be obtained gt as30 C sample mac30 L T sample a30 asp30 L T sample m30 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 60 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Sets Symbol Constant Function The software sets
230. of the specified character strings are output to a map file The user specified information can be output to a map file for each relocatable module file Description format VER character string VER character string Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Write the character string in the operand that you want to be output to a map file after enclosing it with single quotations or double quotations Make sure that the operand is written within the range of one line This command can be written only once in one assembly source file This command can be written in any desired line providing that it is entered before directive command END Description example VER strings VER strings REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 210 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stores data in ROM in 2 byte length Function This command stores 2 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format WORD numeric value name WORD numeric value Rules for writing command Write an integral value in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand When writing multiple ope
231. on make sure that they are written in one line within 255 characters No conditional expression can be written in two or more lines Description format Expression Expression Relational operator Expression Bit variable Bit variable Relational operator 1 Bit variable Relational operator 0 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 224 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Description example The following shows a description example of a conditional expression In this example mem and work denote memory variable names bit denotes a memory bit variable name IF mem ENDIF FOR mem NEXT IF mem gt 0 ENDIF FOR work mem lt 0 NEXT IF bit ENDIF IF bit 1 ENDIF IF bit 0 ENDIF Nesting of Structured Description Statements Structured description statements can be nested in up to a total of 65 535 levels However no intertwined nesting of statements like the example shown below are accepted Furthermore no intertwined nesting of statements including macro directive commands or assembler directive commands JF ELIF ELSE or ENDIF are accepted Example of incorrect intertwined nesting FOR RO 1 TO 10 STEP 1 IF R1 3 The if statement begins in a for statement NEXT ENDIF _ The if statement ends outside the for statement List of Structured Description Commands The following pages show r
232. options T and X as30 outputs to a file the errors that were encountered when assembling the assembly source file Format of assembler error tag file The assembler error tag file is output in a format that allows you to use an editor s tag jump function This file is output in order of the assembly source file name error line number and error message as shown below sample err 21 Error asp30 Operand value is not defined sample err 72 Error asp30 Undefined symbol exist work2 File name of assembler error tag file The file name of the assembler error tag file is created by changing the extension of the assembly source file a30 by default to atg sample a30 gt sample atg Directory for assembler error tag file generated If you specified the directory with command option O the assembler error tag file is generated in that directory If no directory is specified the assembler error tag file is generated in the directory where the assembly source file resides Branch Information File The as30 generates a branch information file required to optimize the external branch for the a30 file in which the branch instruction referencing the global label exists when JOPT option was specified Format of branch information file The branch information file is only for internal processing of as30 and 1n30 Precaution Do not edit this file It should be noted that if it is edited no subsequent processing is carri
233. or MREPEAT is missing for EXITM MACRO or MREPEAT for EXITM is not found Check the position where EXITM is written MREPEAT is missing for ENDR MREPEAT for ENDR is not found Check the position where ENDR is written PROTECT or OFSREG is duplicated PROTECT or OFSREG is specified more than once in the file PROTECT and OFSREG can be written only once in a file Delete extra PROTECT s or OFSREG s VER is duplicated VER is specified more than once in the file VER can be written only once in a file Delete extra VER s ALIGN is multiple specified in SECTION Two or more ALIGN s are specified in the SECTION definition line Delete extra ALIGN specifications REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 72 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 BREAK is missing for FOR DO or SWITCH BREAK is used in an inappropriate location Make sure the BREAK command is written within the FOR DO or SWITCH statement CASE has already defined as same value The same value is written in the operands of multiple CASE statements Make sure the values written in the operands of CASE are unique and not the same CONTINUE is missing for FOR or DO CONTINUE is used in an inappropriate location Make sure the CONTINUE command is written within the FOR or DO statement DEFAULT has already defined
234. ose the character string with quotations as you write it Precautions If you want a macro argument to be expanded as a character string enclose the parameter name with single quotations as you write it Note that if you enclose a character string with double quotations the character string itself is expanded This directive command can be written as a term of an expression Description example top EQU 1 point_set MACRO source dest top point EQU INSTR source dest top ENDM point_set japanese se 1 point EQU m This example extracts the position 7 of the character string se from the beginning top of the specified character string japanese REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 186 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates length of specified character string Function This command indicates the length of the character string that is written in the operand Description format LEN character string LEN character string Rules for writing command Always be sure to enclose the operand with Space or tab can be written between this directive command and the operand The 7 bit ASCII code characters including a space and tab can used to write a character string Precautions Kanji and other 8 bit code are not processed correctly However the as30 assembler does not output errors Always be sure to enclose the ch
235. pecified address range starting from 1000H and ending with 11FFH gt Imc30 A 1000 11FF F 00 1000 10FF sample Data OOH is output to a free area from address 1000H to address 10FFH within the specified address range starting from 1000H and ending with 11FFH gt Imc30 F 00 1000 11FF sample Data OOH is output to a free area from address 1000H to address 11FFH If the data area registered in the absolute module file sample does not exist within addresses 1000H through 11FFH the data registered in sample and data OOH are output to addresses 1000H through 11FFH gt Imc30 F 00 1000 sample Data OOH is output to a free area in an address range starting from 1000H and ending with the last data address registered in the absolute module file sample An error results if the last data address registered in the absolute module file sample is smaller than 1000H REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 105 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Imc30 Converts File into Intel HEX Format Function The Imc30 generates an Intel HEX format file The Imc30 generates an Original HEX format for microcomputers if the address value exceeds 1Mbytes Description rule Specify this option before entering a file name This option cannot be specified simultaneously with option E Description example gt Imc30 H debug REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 1
236. pecify command parameters for 1n380 Order in which to specify command parameters Relocatable module file names and command options can be specified in any desired order gt In30 command options relocatable module file gt In30 relocatable module file command options Relocatable module file name essential Always be sure to specify at least one relocatable module file name Apath can be specified in the file name When specifying multiple relocatable module files always be sure to insert a space or tab between each file name Absolute module file name Normally In30 creates the file name of an absolute module file from the relocatable module file that is specified first as it generates the absolute module file Use command option O to specify an absolute module file name Library file name Use command option L to specify the library file to be referenced A path can be specified in the file name Library files are searched from the directory that is set in environment variable LIB30 If the relevant file cannot be found In30 searches the current directory Or if a directory is specified by command option LD In30 searches it and if no relevant file is found in this directory In30 searches the current directory Command option When you specify a command option always be sure to insert a space or tab between the command option and other specifications on the command line Address specific
237. pecify them Command options Command options can be omitted Multiple command options can be specified Some command options allow you to specify a character string or a numeric value Precaution Do not enter a space or tab between the command option and the character string or numeric value If you want a subsequent command option to be nullified add two consecutive hyphens when entering that command option Precaution Command options can only be nullified in as30 Therefore this function cannot be used when starting up any other program Example Option L only is valid gt as30 sample L Option S only is valid gt as30 sample S OptionS only are valid gt as30 sample L S L Options L only are valid gt as30 sample S L S Method for specifying numeric value Always be sure to use hexadecimal notation when entering a numeric value If a numeric value begins with an alphabet always be sure to add 0 to the numeric value when you enter it Example 55 5A 0A5 Include File Search Directory Include files do not need to be specified from the command line If a path is described in the operand of the directive command INCLUDE the software searches that directory to find the include file If the directive command operand does not have a path specification the software searches the current directory In this case if the specified file cannot be found in the current directory and environment
238. piler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stores data in ROM in 8 byte length Function This command stores 8 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format DOUBLE numeric value name DOUBLE numeric value Rules for writing command Write a floating point number in the operand Refer to Rules for writing operand for details on how to write a floating point number in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example DOUBLE 5E2 constant DOUBLE 5e2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 165 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines the end of a Function in inspector information Function Defines the end of a Function subroutine in inspector information Defines the extent from INSF to the end of a Function subroutine as a single function subroutine Format EINSF Description rules In using this directive instruction be sure to use the directive instruction INSF This directive instruction is for exclusive use with the assembly language Using this directive instruction in the asm Function in NC30 results in an error This directi
239. ps expanding the macro body and transfers control to the nearest ENDM Description format macro name MACRO body EXITM body ENDM Rules for writing command Make sure that the command is written within the body of a macro definition Description example data1 MACRO value AF value EXITM ELSE BLKB value ENDIF ENDM data1 0 AF 0 EXITM ENDIF ENDM REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 174 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Assigns temporary FB register value Function This command assigns a provisional FB register value When assembling the source program the assembler assumes that the FB register value is one that is defined by this directive command as it generates code for the subsequent source lines FB relative addressing mode can be specified in the subsequent lines The assembler generates code in FB relative addressing mode for the mnemonics that use labels defined by directive command FBSYM Description format FB numeric value Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Always make sure that this command is written in the assembly source file Always be sure to write this command before you use the FB relative addressing mode An integer in the range of 0 to OFFFFFH can be written in the operand Precautions This directive command o
240. put Files Output Files Source file a30 Include file inc Relocatable module file r30 Assembler list file Ist Assembler error tag file atg Branch Information file jin In30 Input Files Output Files Relocatable module file r30 Library file lib Branch Information file jin Absolute module file x30 Map file map Linkage error tag file ltg Imc30 Input Files Output Files Absolute module file x30 Motorola S format file mot Intel HEX format file hex ID file id lb30 Input Files Output Files Relocatable module file r30 Library file lib Relocatable module file r30 Library list file Ils xrf30 Input Files Output Files Source file a30 Assembler list file Ist Cross reference file xrf abs30 Input Files Output Files Absolute module file x30 Assembler list file Ist Absolute list file als Relocatable Module File A relocatable module file is one of the files generated by as30 This file is linked by 1n30 to generate an absolute module file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 44 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Format of relocatable module file The relocatable module file generated by as30 is based on the IKEE 695 format Precaution Since this file comes
241. quotation strings before and after are concatenated This command can be written for multiple instances in one line Precautions If you want a concatenated character string to be a name do not insert spaces and tabs before and after this directive command Description example If the currently processed file name is samplel a30 a message is output to the sample dat file ASSERT sample gt FILE dat A macro definition like the one shown below can be entered mov_nibble MACRO p1 src p2 dest MOV p1 p2 src dest ENDM mov_nibble L ROL H A0 MOVLH ROL A0 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 213 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Outline Programming with AS30 allows you to enter structured descriptions using structured description commands The following lists the functions of AS30 s structured description The assembler generates assembly language branch instructions corresponding to the structured description commands The assembler generates labels indicating the jump address for the generated branch instruction The assembler outputs the assembly languages generated from the structure description commands to an assembler list file When a command option is specified A structured description command allows you to select a control block that is made to branch by a structured description statement and its conditional exp
242. r more lines Example of compound expression IF work1 work2 amp amp work3 ENDIF Example of expression The following shows examples for each type of expression In these examples mem and work denote memory variable names Monomial expression mem mem mem Binomial expression mem 1 mem 1 Compound expression mem work mem amp amp work Structure of Structured Description Statement A structured description statement consists of a structured description command and a conditional expression that is written in the operand of the command Not all structured description commands are accompanied by a conditional expression Conditional Expression Function of conditional expression A conditional expression indicates a condition to be given to a structured command statement Depending on whether the operation result of a conditional expression is true or false the assembler generates object code that causes control to branch to different control blocks Rules for writing conditional expression A conditional expression can be written in the operand of a structured description command IF ELIF FOR FOR NEXT or WHILE Expressions can be written in the operand of a conditional expression Always be sure to enter a space or tab between a conditional expression and a structured description command When writing a structured description command and an expressi
243. rands separate them with a comma A character or a string of characters can be written in the operand after enclosing it with single quotations or double quotations In this case data is stored in ASCII code representing the characters Precautions The length of a character string you can write in the operand is less than two characters When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example SECTION value ROMDATA 1 WORD WORD da ta WORD symbol WORD symbol 1 WORD 1 2 3 4 5 END WORD 1 WORD da REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 RENESAS 211 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Temporary label Function This command defines a temporary label The assembler references a temporary label that is defined immediately before or after an instruction Precautions The labels that can be referenced are only the label defined before or after an instruction Atemporary file can be defined and referenced within the same file Up to 65 535 temporary files can be defined in a file In this case if INCLUDE is written in the file the maximum number of temporary files you can enter 65 535 includes those in the include file The temporary labels generated by the assembler are output to a list file The temporary label
244. rea and the start address and end address values of that area Description rules This option must be specified in the form like F free area set data value F free area set data value start address value or F free area set data value start address value end address value Put at least one space between this option and the data Be sure to give an address in hexadecimal Specify this option before of specifying a file name An error results if the start address value is greater than the end address value When using this option in combination with the A option an error will result unless the output range of the free area set data is within the address range specified by the A option It is only when the start address value is greater than the maximum address for data that is registered in the absolute module file and the start address and end address values both are specified that the free area set data is additionally output to the specified address range An error results if the start address value only is specified Ifthe end address value is smaller than the minimum address for data that is registered in the absolute module file the free area set data is additionally output to the specified address range Anerror results if the start address and the end address values are the same Description example gt Imc30 F FF sample Data OOH is output to a free area within the s
245. res data in ROM in 1 byte length Function This command stores 1 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format BYTE numeric value name BYTE numeric value Rules for writing command Write an integral value in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand A symbol can be written in the operand An expression can be written in the operand When writing multiple operands separate them with a comma A character or a string of characters can be written in the operand after enclosing it with single quotations or double quotations In this case data is stored in ASCII code representing the characters When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example SECTION value ROMDATA BYTE 1 BYTE data BYTE symbol BYTE symbol 1 BYTE 1 2 3 4 5 END BYTE 1 BYTE data REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 162 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines where to call a Function in inspector information Function Defines where to call a Function subroutine in inspector information Format CALL called Function subroutine name storage class Description rules Be sure to put a space or a tab bet
246. ression A control block refers to a program section from some structured description statement to the next structured description statement except for assignment statements Structured Description Statement The following outlines a structured description statement Types of Structured Description Statements AS30 allows you to write the following nine types of statements Assignment statement The left side is substituted for by the right side IF ELIF ELSE ENDIF statement hereafter called the IF statement The IF statement changes the flow of control to two directions The direction in which control branches is determined by a conditional expression FOR NEXT statement hereafter called the FOR NEXT statement The FOR NEXT statement controls repetition of operation The statement is executed repeatedly as long as the specified conditional expression is true FOR TO STEP NEXT statement hereafter called the FOR STEP statement The FOR STEP statement controls the number of repetitions by specifying the initial value an increment and the final value DO WHILE statement hereafter called the DO statement The DO statement executes the statement repeatedly as long as the conditional expression is met true SWITCH CASE DEFAULT ENDS statement hereafter called the SWITCH statement The SWITCH statement causes control to branch to one of the CASE blocks depending on the value of the conditional expression BREAK statement Thi
247. rform optimum selection are not met as30 generates code as directed by directive command OPTJ When the branch instruction that is making reference to the global label is optimized specify OGJ Oglb_jmp of nc30 JOPT of as30 and JOPT options of In30 However the directive command OPTJ is ignored where these options were designated The following shows instructions selected by as30 Unconditional branch instruction The shortest instruction possible to branch is selected from jump distances A W B and aoe Precautions Size S is selected only when the branch instruction and the jump address label are present in the same section Subroutine call instruction The shortest instruction possible to branch is selected from jump distances A and W Conditional branch instruction Jump distance B or alternative instruction is generated Precautions The source line information in a list file is output directly as written in the source lines Code of alternative instruction is output to the code information section The ADJNZ and SBJNZ instruction are equally to the conditional branch instruction optimized When instruction format specifier is omitted normally omitted The instruction format specifier normally is omitted The as30 assembler performs optimum selection for mnemonics where instruction format specifiers are omitted If instruction format specifiers are omitted as30 fir
248. ribed below Macro Function A macro function can be used by defining a macro name macro definition and calling up the macro macro call A macro function cannot be made available for use by macro definition alone Macro definition and macro call have the following relationship REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 36 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Macro Definition Macro definition means defining a collection of more than one line of instructions to a single macro name by using directive command MACRO Macro names and macro arguments are case sensitive so that lowercase and uppercase letters are handled differently End of macro definition is indicated by directive command ENDM Lines enclosed with directive commands MACRO and ENDM are called the macro body Macro definition can have formal parameters defined Recursive definition is allowed for macro definition Macros can be nested in up to 65 535 levels including both macro definition and macro call Macros of the same name can be redefined Macro definition can be entered outside the range of a section Any instructions you can write in source programs can be written in the macro body Macro formal parameters up to 80 arguments can be written Macro local labels can be written for up to a total of 65 535 labels in one assembly source file p1 p2 p3 Formal parameter p1 and work correspon
249. ring enclose the parameter name with single quotations as you write it Note that if you enclose a character string with double quotations the character string itself is expanded Description example name MACRO data MREPEAT LEN data BYTE SUBSTR data MACREP 1 ENDR ENDM name ABCD BYTE A BYTE B BYTE Cc BYTE D The length of the character string that is given as actual parameter of the macro is given to the operand of MREPEAT MACREP is incremented 1 gt 2 gt 3 gt 4 each time the BYTE line is executed Consequently the character string that is given as actual parameter of the macro is given successively to the operand of BYTE one character at a time beginning with the first character in that character string REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 208 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Sets the special page Function The special page number and special page name are set The contents set to this directive command are allocated to the special page vector table The content set in this directive command is output to a map file generated by the linker as special page vector table information Precaution f this directive command is written a special page vector table is automatically generated by the linker If this directive command is written a section name svector is defined When linked
250. rmation file Also avoid using the extent jin When the directive command OPTJ is being used simultaneously with this option this option becomes effective Description rule This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt as30 JOPT sample REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 63 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating as30 Generates Assembler List File Function The software generates an assembler list file in addition to a relocatable module file The generated list files are identified by the extension Ist f a directory is specified by command option O the assembler list file is generated in the specified directory Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line This option allows you to specify the l M and S file format specifiers No space or tab can be entered between the file format specifier and L Multiple file format specifiers can be specified simultaneously File format specifiers can be entered in any desired order This option can be set in environment variable AS30COM Format specifier Function C Line concatenation is output directly as is to a list file D Information before DEFINE is replaced is output to a list file Even program sections in which condition assemble resulted in false conditions are output to the asse
251. ructured Description FUNCtion cccccccccccscesssseeeeccccccceeueseeeeccccceeeuuesseeeccceceeeeasaeesececeseeegaaaeeeeeeeees 40 source Line Information Output asssccecsccssccasnasececsadeveacsnatecedsassacacneastecesasssencnnets cedecssaanatasneceesasessaaveass 40 Symbol Denni Oneec an E A A TEE A NENTOR 40 Environment Variables of as 3 Oneri E A A R R RRRS 41 Output Messages cerier enpera Ene e n EES E EA E SENEE EENS EEE EN EESE REE ES EEEO EOE ES EN ARARE 43 Input Output Files of AS30 cc ccccscccccccccceessseceeccceceseeseseeeeceessseeasseeeeceeessseeeaseeeeeeeeseegaagenseeeeeeeeaes 44 Relocatable Module File ccccccccccccccccccecceeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeees 44 Assembler List Filess s55s05s5err 5sse05scessteddavsiays Seas ois leis chug as an ev E RON Sea E Sis AN ins ea 45 Assembler Error Tag File cscsccscssccessveveccsceeasepssvnscecsscsaseesaveasesstiassunasedeccaceevascasaudanesccesavevacerececacevssev sos 48 Branch Intorm ation File ac ssieciies secsverseaesacson ne Se liedaac E EEE A Lina od da aa ahaa tee 48 Absolute Mod le Piles ss3333 hcsassssvesaaddsdescdssaveasdsssceadess savses sdssaasiasvavigadasdsacdasatavssseeaiess eas iaonstoessaviatevaded 48 Map Piles e sets webehasdscaderes ienbiaasde lease neebeladeaecaeees neuaaasdscedeues naaadiessha fees sondeaanseaccanassonneabdasseaseasoanaad 49 Link Error Tag File cccccccccccssseescessceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
252. rule This command option can be specified at any position in the command line A space is required between the option name and parameter No space is allowed before and after the The address cannot be omitted When writing multiple section names and location addresses separate each entry with a comma Description example This example shows a case where as depicted in the diagram below the section name PROG1 stored in the ROM at the address FEOOOh is transferred to the RAM at the address 00400h before being executed in the RAM address 00400h In this case specification for In30 is written as shown below gt In30 ORDER PROG1 00400 LOC PROG1 0FE000 00400h PROG1 section is executed after moved it address OFE000h REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 88 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Generates Map File Function The software generates a map file that contains address mapping information The file name of the map file is created by changing the extension of the absolute module file to map Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example Files sample1 x30 and sample1 map are generated gt In30 M sample1 sample2 Control code generation Function The spftware processes the following description Option content M60 If UMP S ins
253. s are changed into tl0001 tI0002 and tIFFFF Description format 2 mnemonic 2 mnemonic Rules for writing command Write in the line where you want it to be defined as a temporary label f you want to reference a temporary label that is defined immediately before an instruction write in the instruction operand f you want to reference a temporary label that is defined immediately after an instruction write 2 in the instruction operand Description example 9 JMP 4 JMP 2 Ge JMP Denotes a temporary label indicated by the arrow Dey JMP J me 2 KA gmp REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 212 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Concatenates character strings Function This command concatenates macro arguments macro variables reserved symbols expanded file name of directive command FILE and specified character strings Description format character string character string character string character string character string Rules for writing command Spaces and tabs entered before and after this directive command are concatenated as a character string Acharacter string can be written before and after this directive command When you use for character data 40H be sure to enclose with double quotations When a string including is enclosed with single
254. s information on the results of source line processing performed by as30 Specifically this information contains the following 0 XIMI S D A Contents 0 9 Indicates the include file s nest rebel x Indicates that this line was not assembled in condition assemble Indicates that this is a macro and structured statement expansion line D Indicates that this is a macro definition line S Indicates that this is a macro expansion line when pre30 does not execute Indicates that jump distance specifier S was selected Indicates that jump distance specifier B was selected Indicates that jump distance specifier W was selected Indicates that jump distance specifier A was selected Indicates that zero form Z was selected for the instruction format Indicates that short form S was selected for the instruction format OIaINI gt IZ wlo Indicates that quick form Q was selected for the instruction format Indicates that 8 bit displacement SB relative addressing mode was selected 5 Source line information SOURCE STATEMENT Outputs the assembly source line REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 45 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Information in assembler list file The following information is output to an assembler list file Header information The informa
255. s statement causes the relevant FOR DO or SWITCH statement to stop executing transferring control to the statement to be executed next CONTINUE statement This statement transfers control to a statement in the least repeated FOR or DO statement that determines repetition REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 214 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function FOREVER statement This statement executes the control block repeatedly assuming that the conditional expression of the relevant FOR and DO statements are always true Types of Variables In AS30 s structured description the microcomputer registers and memories are referred to as variables There are following types of variables Register variable This refers to the registers in the M16C family microcomputers Flag variable This refers to the function flags of the M16C family Register bit variable This refers to each bit position of a register variable Memory variable This refers to an arbitrary label or symbol Memory bit variable This refers to an arbitrary bit symbol Details on how to write each variable are explained in other sections of this manual REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 215 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Reserved Variables In AS80 s structured description the register flag and register bit variables are pr
256. s tae neers Sega a SSS SESS DATA 000014 0000020 Byte s ROMDATA 000000 0000000 Byte s CODE 000003 0000003 Byte s FBR 3 GLOBAL LABEL INFORMATION FBR work 000000 HHHHHHHHA HAHAHAHA A 4 GLOBAL EQU SYMBOL INFORMATION HHHHHHHHA HAHAHAHA AA A sym2 00000000 HEEREE AEE AEA EA AEA A A RHRHRHHH 5 GLOBAL EQU BIT SYMBOL INFORMATION HEARERS EA A A E sym1 1 000001 EEE A AE EH HE EE RRRA AA AHHHRHHH 6 LOCAL LABEL INFORMATION EERE EE AE EA A HH smp smp r30 main 000014 tmp 00000a FETE EE EE A A AR AAAA AHHHHHHH 7 LOCAL EQU SYMBOL INFORMATION FEAR AH AAAHHH RRRA AAAH H HHHH smp smp r30 sym3 00000003 FBR 8 LOCAL EQU BIT SYMBOL INFORMATION FBR smp smp r30 sym4 1 000000 File name of map file The file name of the map file is created by changing the extension x30 of the absolute module file into map sample x30 gt sample map Directory for map file generated The map file is generated in the directory where the absolute module file resides REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 50 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Input Output Files of AS30 Link Error Tag File Only when you specify command option T 1n30 outputs link error information to a file In this case locations in error are output with the assembly source lines Format of link error tag file This file is output in the same format as an assembler error tag
257. s written immediately after a 2 byte code character it may be mistaken for So be careful Description examples for line concatenation and concatenation results are shown below Example 1 BYTE 1 4 2 3 4 Concatenation result BYTE 1 2 3 4 Example 2 BYTE 1 comment 2 comment 3 comment Concatenation result BYTE i2 comment 3 comment Example 3 BYTE 1 2 3 4 Concatenation result BYTE 1 2 3 4 Operands Operands can be written in a mnemonic or directive command to indicate the object to be operated on by that instruction There are following types of operands Precautions Some instructions do not have an operand If you want to know whether or not the instruction has an operand please refer to the rules for writing each command Numeric value A numeric value includes an integral and a floating point number Name A label name and symbol name can be used Expression An expression with its terms containing a numeric value and a name can be entered Character string Characters or a character string can be handled as ASCII code REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 138 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Rules for Writing Program Rules for Writing Operands Position to write an operand Always be sure to insert a space or tab between the operand and the instruction that has the operand The following describes rules on each type of operand you ne
258. se position is offset from the LSB of a specified address value of memory by a value that indicates the bit position Bit symbols can be used in symbolic debug Bit symbols can be specified as global Description format name BTEQU bit position address value Rules for writing command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand Separate between the bit position and the bit s memory address with a comma as you enter them Always be sure to write the bit position first and then the address value An integer in the range of 0 to 65535 can be written to indicate the bit position Always make sure that the value you specify for the bit position is determined when assembling the source program Asymbol can be written to specify the address value of an operand A label or symbol that is indeterminate when assembled can be written to specify the address value of an operand Precautions No bit symbols can be externally referenced written in the operand of directive command BTGLB that are defined by a symbol that is indeterminate when assembled Abit symbol can be written in the operand Precautions However a bit symbol name in the operand cannot be forward referenced Also for the operand bit symbol be sure to write a bit symbol name whose value is fixed when assembled Anexpression can be written in the operand Description example bitO BTEQU 0 0 bit1 BTE
259. sections of the same name exist in the specified relocatable files sections are allocated in the order the files are specified In this case if a section with absolute attribute is arranged after a section with relative attribute an error results When the name of the section not existing is specified the section name is disregarded Description rule Input this option using a form like ORDER section name section name or ORDER section name start address Always be sure to insert a space between this option and the section name Separate between two section names or between an address value and a section name with a comma as you specify them There must be no space or tab before or after the comma This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt In30 sample1 sample2 ORDER main sub dat 1 gt In30 sample1 sample2 ORDER main 0f0000 sub dat 2 1 Sections are allocated in order of main sub and dat beginning from address OH 2 Sections are allocated in order of main sub and dat beginning from address OfOOOH If the name of the section not existing noprog is specified gt In30 sample1 sample2 ORDER main 0f000 noprog dat 3 gt In30 sample1 sample2 ORDER main 0f000 noprog 0f2000 dat 4 gt In30 sample1 sample2 ORDER main 0f000 noprog 0f2000 dat 0f38000 5 3 Sections are allocated in order of main dat beginning from address OfO00H 4 main sectio
260. sing modes This section outlines the M16C family s addressing modes and explains how to write mnemonics in the source program Optimized Code Selection The as30 assembler optimizes code selection when one of the following conditions applies Operands that have a valid value when assembling in which however no addressing mode is specified Operands in which symbols declared in SBSYM or FBSYM are used Outline of Mnemonic Description The M16C family allows you to write the specifiers listed below and an addressing mode in its mnemonics and operands The specifiers and addressing modes you can specify differ with each mnemonic Refer to the M16C Family Software Manual for details on how to write mnemonics Size specifier Specify the size of the data to be operated on by the mnemonic You cannot omit this specifier it must always be entered Jump distance specifier Specify the distance to the jump address of a branch instruction or subroutine call instruction You normally do not need to specify this Instruction format specifier Specify the format of op code The code lengths of op code and operand differ with each op code format You normally do not need to specify this Addressing mode Specify the addressing mode of operand data You can omit this specification The section to specify the address range of relative addressing in AS30 is referred to as an addressing mode specifier Here 16 and 8 are the
261. ssembly source file the specified contents become effective beginning with the first page If this directive command is not specified the assembler list file is output with the number of lines 66 and the number of columns 140 Description format FORM number of lines number of columns FORM number of lines FORM number of columns Rules for writing command This command can be written for multiple instances in one assembly source file Asymbol can be used to describe the number of lines and the number of columns Precautions Symbols cannot be used that are forward referenced An expression can be used to describe the number of lines and the number of columns If you specify only the number of columns in the operand be sure to enter a comma immediately before the numeric value you write for the number of columns Description example FORM 20 80 FORM 60 FORM _ 100 FORM _ line culmn REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 178 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Specifies global label Function This command declares that the labels and symbols specified with it are global f any labels or symbols specified with this directive command are not defined within the file the assembler processes them assuming that they are defined in an external file f the labels or symbols specified with this directive command are defined in the fil
262. st determines the addressing mode before it selects the instruction format REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 32 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions When addressing mode specifier is omitted If addre manner ssing mode specifiers are omitted as30 selects the most suitable code in the following In cases of addressing with displacement if the displacement value is determined when assembled the most suitable addressing mode is selected If directive command SB or FB is defined an 8 bit SB relative addressing mode hereafter called SB relative or 8 bit FB relative addressing mode hereafter called FB relative is selected depending on condition The following shows the condition under which one of the two addressing modes above is selected Selection of SB relative SB relative is selected when the following conditions are met Precautions The SB register value must always be set using directive command SB before SB relative addressing can be used When an operand value is determined when assembling the source program and the determined value is in an addressing range in which SB relative can be selected The SB relative selectable address range is a range in the 64 Kbyte address space and range in the result added 0 to 255 to value of the 16 bit register SB Precautions Optimization is not performed unless the SB register value is defined by an expr
263. t a space between each file name Adirectory path can be specified in the file name If no directory is specified the files residing in the current directory are processed REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 114 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Command options Command options are not case sensitive They can be entered in uppercase or lowercase At least one of the command options A C D L R U or X must always be specified when executing the librarian If none of these options is specified on the command line or two or more of them are specified simultaneously lb30 outputs an error Command File The librarian allows you to specify a command file name that contains description of input parameters Refer to the Method for Operating In30 for details on how to specify a command file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 115 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating Ib30 Command Options of Ib30 The following pages explain the rules for specifying the command options of 1b30 Disables Message Output to Screen Function The software does not output messages when Ib30 is processing Error messages are output to screen Description rule This option alone can be specified in combination with some other options This option and other options can be speci
264. t the formal parameters written in the operand of directive command MACRO are written within the macro body Precautions All character strings enclosed with double quotations indicate the character strings themselves and nothing else Therefore do not enclose the formal parameters with double quotations Up to 80 formal parameters can be entered Precautions This means that you can enter up to 80 formal parameters within the range of the number of characters that can be written in one line Rules for writing actual parameter Always be sure to insert space or tab between the macro name and the actual parameter Make sure that the actual parameters you write are corresponded one for one to the formal parameters when the macro is called When using a special character to write a actual parameter be sure to enclose the character with double quotations as you write it Labels global labels and symbols can be used to write actual parameters An expression can be entered in a actual parameter Expanding actual parameter Formal parameters are replaced with actual parameters sequentially from left to right in the order they are written f no actual parameter is written in macro call that corresponds to a defined formal parameter the assembler does not generate code for this formal parameter part If there are more formal arguments than the actual arguments and some formal arguments do not have the corresponding actu
265. the assembly source and performs preprocessing for the assembler processor to generate an assembly source file Precaution The assembly source files generated by macro processor are erased after assembler processor finishes its processing This does not modify the assembly source files written by the user Structured processor This program processes structured directive commands in the assembly source and generates an assembly source file Assembler processor This program converts the assembly source file preprocessed by the macro processor into a relocatable module file Linkage editor In30 This program links the relocatable module files generated by the assembler processor to generate an absolute module file Librarian Ib30 This program reads in a relocatable module file and generates a library file and manages it Load module converter Imc30 This program converts the absolute module file generated by the linkage editor into a machine language file that can be programmed into ROM Cross referencer xrf30 This program generates a cross reference file that contains definitions of various symbols and labels in the assembly source files created by the user Absolute lister abs30 This program generates an absolute list file that can be output to a printer This file is generated based on the address information in the absolute module file REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 11 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Pac
266. ting abs380 cc esscsscecscesseesseeeeeesseeseeaseeassesseeaseesseesseesseessesasesasesssessaeesseasseeeeeeea 127 Precautions UsineAbssO xivceccsevesiss leesseeesssssasenncesddeedsasseennennsacansetsntasendacedeessenueendsewssbantescnesaceaassiae 127 Command Parameters siisvvasecdecusssavevessisens oiai aE i EEEE KAE ceva ealeieiar A EATE 127 Rules for Specifying Command Parameters cccccssseseseesseseeeesseseeeeeseseeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseees 127 Commend Options Of abad Oeren a icesceiatiedes EEEE OEE 127 A TEE O E E E E A A EA E AE EAE E hia tates 128 D E N A Soaleecezsas stees 128 OD E E E E EE E AT 128 IN E E E E A E E A E A 0s cad adadeys ieenede deceuseaet 129 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 aENESAS 6 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Contents Error M ssages of abs 3O 2 scccscecrssedecesendscdesssndnansacdaccdssnwusaeueseucnssvendanceaees save EEEE EAEE IESS 130 Warning Messages of abs3 Ohren e an EE TEE EEES O TER ToS eaS 130 Rules f r Writing Program seseina e a E E O N E EEES 131 Precautions on Writing Program sssenecseeiriieneoire e A R NE Eo A E NEEE NEEN act 131 Character Se ti scsisZecaceveivesacsssedadsevienancdssacdensinedehads ARESTATE EAR R E AAN ER ENRE 131 Reserved WOES occ 3 5 ecscsescncsdlshascsdeessnesssasoecsdiusacstes9sieladsesacioss4ancsjaessesvdaasssusoiessastetiielosazscsnsasesaeteeiss 131 INT SS ce ada sissies ees beset ett cscs fe
267. tion Attributes Attribute is assigned to a section in which units addresses are controlled by AS30 when assembling the source program Relative Addresses in the section become relocatable values when assembled The values of labels defined in a relative attribute section are relocatable Absolute Addresses in the section become absolute values when assembled The values of labels defined in an absolute attribute section are absolute f you want to assign a section an absolute attribute specify its address with directive command ORG in a line following the line where directive command SECTION is written Example SECTION program CODE ORG 1000H REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 23 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Rules on Section Management This section describes how AS80 converts the source program written in multiple files into a single executable file Section Management by as30 Absolute attribute section have their absolute addresses determined sequentially beginning with the specified address Relative attribute section have their relocatable addresses determined sequentially beginning with 0 section by section All start addresses relocatable of relative attribute sections are 0 Address value determined by as30 00000 SECTION A Operand value of ORG SECTION B WE 0000 0 L Absolute attribute section REJ10J20
268. tion listed below is output at the beginning of each page of the assembler list file R8C Tiny M16C FAMILY ASSEMBLER SOURCE LIST Tue Nov 18 12 02 53 1997 PAGE 002 SEQ LOC OBJ OXMSDA SOURCE STATEMENT 7 8 Address definition line Indicates the line in which location addresses are defined using the directive command ORG 11 SECTION RAM DATA 12 00400 ORG 000400h Area definition line Indicates the line in which areas are defined using the directive commands BLKB BLKW BLKA BLKL BLKF and BLKD 55 SECTION ram1 data 56 00000 000001H worki BLKB 1 57 00001 000001H work2 BLKB 1 58 00002 000002H work3 BLKW 1 59 00004 000002H work4 BLKW 1 Comment line This line is where only comment are described 12 pa 13 Macro define Symbol definition line Indicates the line in which symbols are defined using the directive command EQU 65 00000001h sym1 EQU 1 66 00000002h sym2 EQU 2 67 00000003h sym3 EQU sym1 sym2 Bit symbol definition line Indicates the line in which bit symbols are defined using the directive command BTEQU 62 1 00000000h flagi BTEQU 1 0 63 2 00000000h flag2 BTEQU 2 0 Constant data definition line Indicates the line in which data are set in the ROM area using the directive commands BYTE WORD ADDR DWORD FLOAT and DOUBLE 175 0003E 41 M BYTE A 176 0003F 42 M BYTE B 177 00040 43 M BYTE C 178 00041 44 M BYTE D Macro
269. to write mnemonics Here the following explains rules you need to follow to write the assembly source lines that can be processed by as30 Function Mnemonics available for the M16C family can be written in this line Rules for writing Always be sure to insert a space or tab between the mnemonic and its operand When writing multiple operands always be sure to insert a comma between each operand A space or tab can be inserted between the operand and comma Some mnemonics are not accompanied by an operand Mnemonics can be written starting immediately from the top of a line A space or tab can be inserted at the beginning of an assembly source line When defining a label in the assembly source line always be sure to write the label name in columns preceding the mnemonic Be sure to enter a colon before and after the label name A space or tab can be inserted between the label name and the mnemonic When writing a comment in the assembly source line insert a semicolon after the mnemonic and operand and write your comment in columns following the semicolon Comments are output to an assembler list file Precautions The as30 assembler does not generate code for the mnemonics or directive commands written in columns after the semicolon Therefore be careful with the position where you enter the semicolon If a semicolon is enclosed with double quotations or single quotation AS30 does not assume it to be the first
270. truction exist at end of bank when linking warning message is output In this case cope with the warning by directive command SJUMP M61 If UMP S instruction exist at end of bank when linking warning message is output In this case cope with the warning by directive command SJMP Precaution R8C option cannot be specified at the same time as this option Description rules This option can be written at any desired position in a command line Description example gt In30 M60 sample Outputs Symbol Information to Map File Function The fullname of symbolmore than 16 characters are output to mapfile when MSL is specified The software generates a map file that contains address mapping information and symbol information The file name of the map file is created by changing the extension of the absolute module file to map Description rule This option can be specified at any position on the command line Description example gt In30 sample1 sample2 MS A sample1 x30 and sample1 map files are generated REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 89 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Method for Operating In30 Outputs All Errors Function The software outputs all encountered link errors to the screen If this operation is not specified the software outputs up to 20 errors to the screen Description rule This option can be spe
271. ules for writing structured description commands REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 225 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function The following shows the structure of an IF statement IF ENDIF Basic structure The basic structure of an IF statement consists of structured description commands IF and ENDIF and a control block enclosed with these commands IF Conditional expression Control block ENDIF Function Control branches to ENDIF if the condition of IF is false Asystem label is generated for ENDIF Rules for writing command Always be sure to enter a space or tab between IF and the conditional expression Conditional Expression can be used the conditional expression ELSE Function Structured description command ELSE can be written in the IF statement f the conditional expression of IF is false control branches to the control block that follows ELSE lf there are two or more control blocks branching to ENDIF occurs at the end of each control block Asystem label is generated for ELSE Rules for writing command Only one instance of ELSE can be written between IF and ENDIF IF Conditional expression Control block ELSE Control block ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 226 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function ELIF F
272. unction Structured description command ELIF can be written in the IF statement If the conditional expression of IF is false the assembler checks the conditional expression of ELIF to see if it is true or false Asystem label is generated for ELIF If the conditional expression of ELIF is true control branches to the beginning of the immediately following control block f the conditional expression of ELIF is false control branches to the immediately following structured description command ELIF ELSE or ENDIF lf there are two or more control blocks branching to ENDIF occurs at the end of each control block Rules for writing command Always be sure to enter a space or tab between ELIF and the conditional expression More than one instance of ELIF can be written between IF and ELSE or between IF and ENDIF IF Conditional expression Control block ELIF Conditional expression Control block EESE Control block ENDIF Example of source description IF sym1 10 _ If equal this line is processed ELIF sym2 10 Is the value of byte type sym2 not equal to 10 If not equal this line is processed ELSE If neither holds true this line is processed ENDIF Expansion example CMP B 10 sym1 JNE _ IF0002 JMP _ _ IF0003 1F0002 CMP B 10 sym2 JEQ _ IFO004 JMP 1F0003 1F0004 1F0003 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 227 M16C Series R8C Fami
273. v 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 176 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Stores data in ROM in 4 byte length Function This command stores 4 byte long fixed data in ROM Label can be defined at the address where data is stored Description format FLOAT numeric value name FLOAT numeric value Rules for writing command Write a floating point number in the operand Refer to Rules for writing operand for details on how to write a floating point number in the operand Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand When defining a label be sure to write the label name before the directive command Always be sure to insert a colon after the label name Description example FLOAT 5E2 constant FLOAT 5e2 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 177 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Specifies number of columns and lines in 1 page of list file Function This command specifies the number of lines per page of the assembler list file in the range of 20 to 255 This command specifies the number of columns per page of the assembler list file in the range of 80 to 295 The contents specified by this directive command become effective beginning with the page next to one where the command is written However if this directive command is written in the first line of the a
274. values to symbols The value is handled as an absolute value Precaution The symbols defined by this option are processed in the same way as those symbols that are defined in the start positions of the source program However these symbols are not output to an assembler list file The symbols defined by this option are handled in the same way as the symbol definitions described in the assembly source file Namely if a symbol definition of the same name is described in the assembly source file it means that the symbol is redefined at that description position f multiple files are specified on the command line the symbols defined by this option are handled as being defined in all of these files Description rule Specify this option in the form of D symbol name numeric value This option can be specified at any position on the command line Do not enter a space or tab between the command option and the symbol name Values can be defined to multiple symbols When defining values to multiple symbols separate each symbol with the colon while you enter them in a form like D symbol name value symbol name value and so on No space or tab can be entered in front or after the colon Description example This example sets 1 to symbol name gt as30 Dname 1 sample This example sets 1 to symbols name and symbol gt as30 Dname 1 symbol 1 sample This example defines a symbol named name for files sample1 an
275. ve instruction turns effective when the command option finfo has been chosen Description example INSF glbfunc G 0 EINSE REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 166 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Rexolves the second and the following conditions Function Use this command to write a condition in combination with IF if you want to specify multiple conditions for conditional assemble to be performed The assembler resolves the condition written in the operand and if it is true assembles the body that follows If condition is true lines are assembled up to and not including the line where directive command ELIF ELSE or ENDIF is written Description format AF conditional expression body ELIF conditional expression body ENDIF Rules for writing command Always be sure to write a conditional expression in the operand of this directive command Always be sure to insert space or tab between the directive command and the operand This directive command can be written for multiple instances in one conditional assemble block Description example AF TYPE 0 byte Proto Type Mode ELIF TYPE gt 0 byte Mass Production Mode ELSE byte Debug Mode ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 167 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Indicates the biginnig of ablock
276. ween this directive instruction and the operand Be sure to give a called Function subroutine name and a storage class Separate a storage class by use of a comma As for the storage class give either G global label or S local label Notes Give this directive instruction within a range from the start of a Function in inspector information to its end This directive instruction turns effective when the command option finfo has been chosen Description example INSF glbfunc G 0 isr glbsub CALL glbsub G isr locsub CALL locsub S EINSE REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 163 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Defines string symbol Function This command defines a character string to a symbol Asymbol can be redefined Precautions The symbols defined by this directive command cannot be specified for external reference Description format symbol name DEFINE character string symbol name DEFINE character string symbol name DEFINE character string Description rules When defining a character string that includes a space or tab be sure to enclose the string with single or double quotations as you write it Description example SECTION ram DATA data1 BLKB 1 flag DEFINE 01H data1 SECTION program CLB flag REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 164 M16C Series R8C Family C Com
277. written in any desired line in the control block A CONTINUE statement can be written in any desired line in the control block Example of source description FOR RO lt S 10 Repeated as long as RO is smaller than 10 NEXT Expansion example fr0000 CMP W_ 10 RO JGE fr0002 JMP fr0000 fr0002 REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 tENESAS 230 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function Basic structure The basic structure of a SWITCH statement consists of structured description commands SWITCH ENDS and CASE and a control block enclosed with CASE statement SWITCH expression CASE Data Control block CASE Data Control block ENDS Function System labels are generated for CASE and ENDS Control branches to a control block immediately following the CASE command that holds data that matches the content of the expression written in the operand of the SWITCH statement Evaluation is made on all CASE command data Rules for writing command Monomial and binomial expressions described in 6 4 Expressions can be written in the operand expression of SWITCH Be sure to write more than one instance of CASE statement If no CASE is found between SWITCH and ENDS the assembler outputs a warning lt Aconstant can be written in the operand data of CASE No value can be written in the operand data of CASE unless the value is fixed when
278. written in the operand of a 1 bit operation instruction Example BCLR flag BCLR flag2 BCLR flag3 Location symbol Function This symbol indicates the address of a line you wrote By writing the dollar mark in the operand you can indicate the address of the first byte of op code in the line you wrote Rules for writing Write this symbol in the operand of a mnemonic The dollar mark cannot be written at the beginning of a name or reserved word A location symbol can be written in a term of an expression Precautions When writing a location symbol make sure that the value of the expression is a valid value when your program is assembled Description example JMP B 5 Precautions When writing an address in a branch instruction operand using a location symbol for offset be sure to write the addressing mode jump distance and instruction format specifiers for all mnemonics at locations from that instruction to the jump address Lines The as30 assembler processes the source program one line at a time Lines in the source program are classified into the following types depending on the contents in that line Directive command line This line is where as30 s directive command is written Only one directive command can be written in one line Comments can be written in the directive command line Precautions You cannot write a directive command and a mnemonic in the same line Assembly source li
279. y variable used in the loop counter has its content modified in the control block the FOR statement will not be executed correctly A BREAK statement can be written in any desired line in the control block A CONTINUE statement can be written in any desired line in the control block Variables or constant values can be used in the initial and final values A constant value can be used in the increment A local symbol name can be written as a constant value REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 2tENESAS 228 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Structured Description Function FOREVER The FOREVER command means that there is no condition to terminate repetition FOR FOREVER Control block NEXT Function This command continues executing the control block repeatedly A BREAKk statement can be written in the control block This BREAK statement forcibly terminates repetition control A CONTINUE statement can be written in the control block This CONTINUE statement causes control to branch to a statement that determines whether or not to repeat Rules for writing command A BREAK statement can be written in any desired line in the control block A CONTINUE statement can be written in any desired line in the control block Variables or constant values can be used in the initial and final values Aconstant value can be used in the increment Example of source description FOR
280. ymbol value determined when assembled symbol value determined when assembled Value determined when assembled symbol REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 33 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System AS30 Functions Example of Optimization Selection by as30 The examples below show the addressing modes optimum selected by as30 and how they are written in the source file Address register relative with 8 bit displacement Example sym1 EQU 11H ABS B sym1 1 A0 SB relative Example 1 sym2 EQU 2 sym3 EQU 3 SB 0 SBSYM sym3 ABS B sym3 sym2 Example 2 SB 100H sym4 EQU 108H ABS B sym4 SB Register Offset Description Programming with AS380 allows you to enter a description to specify an offset address from the SB register value Function Operation is performed on the address value specified by the directive command SB plus a specified offset value Code is generated in SB relative addressing mode Rules for writing command This description can be entered for an operand where the SB relative addressing mode can be written A label symbol or numeric value can be used to write the offset Description example sym1 EQU 1200H SECTION P SB 1000H MOV B 0 sym1 SB MOV B 0 sym1 SB END Special Page Branch The M16C family assembly language allows you to branch at a special page using a special page vector table by writing a JMPS mnemonic Special
281. ymbols or undefined symbols written here are assumed to be 0 in value as the assembler resolves the conditional expression An expression can be written on the left and right sides of the relational operator To write an expression follow the rules for writing expression in Section 1 Rules for Writing Program A character string can be written on the left and right sides of the relational operator Always be sure to enclose the character string with single quotations or double quotations as you write it Which character string is larger or smaller than the other is resolved by the value of character code ABC lt CBA gt 414243 lt 434241 therefore condition is true C lt A gt 43 lt 41 therefore condition is false REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 181 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assembler System Directive Commands Space or tab can be written before or after the relational operator lt A conditional expression can be written in the operands of directive commands IF and ELIF Description example of conditional expression sym lt 1 sym lt 1 sym 2 lt datal sym 2 lt datal 2 smp1 name Description example AF TYPE 0 byte Proto Type Mode ELIF TYPE gt 0 byte Mass Production Mode ELSE byte Debug Mode ENDIF REJ10J2006 0200 Rev 2 00 2010 04 01 7tENESAS 182 M16C Series R8C Family C Compiler Package V 5 45 Assemb

M3T-NC30WA V.5.45 Assembler User`s Manual

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