RADTRAD - the US NRC RAMP Website
Contents
1. racion Natural Deposition ra Compartment Features Sprays Sprays Aerosol Model Recirculating Filters Natural Deposition User defined coefficients SOURCE tE HHI S Powers Aerosol Elemental and Print Detailed Output model organic lodine C Yes The frame labeled Compartment Features is a checklist of possible features sprays recirculating filters natural deposition or overlying pool When a feature is checked the corresponding tabbed folder is brought to the front The user then selects the appropriate model with the radio buttons enters its required data and enters any remaining user defined coefficients The appropriate command buttons for each model are enabled when it is chosen Clicking these command buttons will bring up a data form somewhat like a spreadsheet for data entry The data forms are described in subsequent subsections Some of the buttons on the front tabbed folder here Sprays are enabled even though oprays is not checked The user could enter data under the Sprays tabbed folder but it would not be saved unless the user checks the Sprays checkbox The Source Term Fraction entry designates the fraction of the overall source term that should be placed in the current compartment For example this value should be 1 if the current volume is to receive the entire source term it should be O for all other NUREG CR 6604 8 compartments2. 1x a25 number_of_compartments 12 valid range 0 to 10 inclusive The following input format is used for each compartment Compartment N 1 a12 i3 a1 This line is not used compartment name N CO a40 printable ASCII characters compartment type N CO 1x i1 1 control room 2 environment 3 other 31 NUREG CR 6604 compartment volume N JCO 1x e12 4 units meter valid range gt 0 0 compartment sprays N CO 1x 11 0 no sprays 1 sprays present compartment sump N 1x i1 0 sump not present compartment filters N CO 1x il 0 7 no recirculating filters 1 7 recirculating filters present compartment deposition N CO 1x il 0 no natural deposition 1 natural deposition compartment opool n CO 1X 11 0 7 no overlying pool 1 overlying pool Repeat the above section of input for each compartment used Pathways 1x a9 number of pathways i2 valid range 0 to 25 inclusive The following input format is used for each compartment to compartment pathway Pathway N 1x 9 12 4 pathway name N TP a40 printable ASCII characters pathway from N TP 12 valid range 1 to number of compartments inclusive pathway to N TP i2 valid range 1 to number of compartments inclusive pathway type N TP i1 1 piping 2 filtered pathway 3 suppression pool 4 air leakage Repeat the above section of input for each pathway used NUREG CR 6604 32 The Scenario Description Section of the RADTRAD Input File Form
3. Valid range 1 to 10 convection norm flow N 1 M TP 1x e12 4 units per second water leakage model 1 1x i3 0 no water leakage Not used Placeholder value is required Dose Locations 1x a15 number of locations 1x i3 valid range 0 to 10 Location L 1x a11 location name L DL 1x a40 valid range printable ASCII char 32 to char 126 inclusive compartment number L DL 1x i3 valid range 1 to n inclusive the number of the compartment that the location is in Chi Q format location model L 1x i3 0 X Q is a constant 1 0 1 user specified X Q Valid only for compartments other than control room The next two lines are included only if location model L 1 location count L 1x i3 Number of times for which input is provided Valid range 1 10 M count Location xq time L 1 M DL 1x i3 units hours Location xq L 1 M DL 1x e12 4 units seconds cu m These two variable are on one line for M lines Breathing rate format Location breathing rate model DL 1x i3 0 7 no breathing rate input 1 breathing rate input The next two lines are included only if location breathing rate model L 1 43 NUREG CR 6604 location br count L 1x i3 Location br time L 1 M DL 1x i3 units hours Location breathing rate L 1 M DL 1x e12 4 Occupancy factor format Location occupancy model DL 1x i3 Number of times for which input is provided Valid range 1 10 M count
4. no decay chain processing 1 decay chain processing units cubic meters valid range gt 0 0 0 no aerosol removal 1 user specified decontamination factors 2 decontamination factors calculated using the Powers model NUREG CR 6604 Overlying Pool Aerosol User defined decontamination factors The next two lines are included only if the user specified decontamination factors are used op aerosol model 1 op aerosol count 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 inclusive M count op aerosol time 1 M CO 2 1x units hours op aerosol df 1 M CO e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two are on one line with M lines End of user specified decontamination factors Overlying Pool Aerosol Powers model The next three lines are included only if the Powers model for calculating the decontamination factors is used op aerosol model 2 op aerosol percentile CO 1x e12 4 10 0 10th percentile model 50 0 50th percentile model 90 0 goth percentile model op_aerosol_count 1x 13 valid range 1 to 10 inclusive M count op_aerosol_time 1 M CO units hours op_aerosol_height 1 M CO units meters op_aerosol_cooling 1 M CO 3 1x e12 4 units K These three are on one line with M lines End of Powers model calculated decontamination factors Overlying Pool Elemental lodine User defined decontamination factors op elemental model CO 1x i3 0 no elemental iodine removal 1 user specified decontamination fac
5. List of Tables BLE 4 1 PWR CONTROL ROOM AND NATURAL DEPOSITION TESTS ABLE 4 2 BWR CONTROL ROOM AND PIPE DEPOSITION TESTS ABLE 4 3 PWR NATURAL DEPOSITION AND SPRAYS TESTS ABLE 4 4 PWR AND BWR DECAY AND DAUGHTERING TESTS ABLE 4 5 ANALYTIC SOLUTION TESTS NUREG CR 6604 vi Acknowledgments Most of the modeling capabilities embedded in the RADTRAD code were developed by the original authors of RADTRAD Steve Humphreys Terry Heames LeAnn Miller and Dave Monroe Without their efforts version 3 01 would not be possible In addition Dana Powers has made valuable contributions by formulating simplified models to describe aerosol removal mechanisms The authors also wish to acknowledge those at the NRC who have supported and guided the recent code development most notably Mark Blumberg and Chester Gingrich vii NUREG CR 6604 Introduction The potential radiological consequences of a postulated nuclear power reactor accident depend on the timing quantity physical form i e vapor or aerosol and chemical speciation of the radioactive material released into the environment The RADionuclide Transport Removal And Dose RADTRAD code is designed to estimate doses at offsite locations e g the exclusion area boundary EAB and low population zone LPZ and in the control room of a nuclear power plant RADTRAD is designed to model two types of releases from the reactor coolant system into the containment Instantaneous releases
6. Pathway Dose Location and Source Term forms the user should save a RADTRAD input file There are several ways to perform the save Each of the actions in this table saves input or leads to saving input From the File menu select Save Radtrad input Click the diskette icon on the toolbar Check any Done checkbox to be prompted to save input Right click in the main form margin and select the Save inputs menu item Click the Compute button to be prompted to save input Click File gt Exit to exit the program to be prompted to save input Saving input is a critical step When the user clicks Calculate to run RADTRAD the data that are visible on the forms are not used Instead the RADTRAD calculation reads the contents of the filename shown on the main form upper status bar near the bottom of the frame The lower status bar shows the name of the file to which RADTRAD output will be written The RADTRAD input file name is filename psf Long filenames may be used The maximum length of any filename in RADTRAD including drive letter path filename is 256 characters Use of a remote file on a mapped network drive should work as long as the full path is specified This applies to input output or reference files such as nuclide inventory and dose conversion files 2 2 Commenting the Input File Comments may be added on lines designated plain text or after numerically formatted data items Adding comments on lines that contain filenames wil
7. RFT and INP files RADTRAD can be uninstalled by using Control Panel gt Add Remove Programs 1 1 2 Contents of the RADTRAD Installation Folder After installing RADTRAD a main installation folder should have been generated By default the main folder will be named Program Files Radtrad but may be given different name during installation as described above The following table describes the structure of the installation folder and each of the files that it contains Some restrictions on the locations of files are also described in the table 3 NUREG CR 6604 Folders Files Accept Accept Defaults Accept SaveAccept Bitmaps Accept zip Defaults zip Radtrad dll Radtrad ini Radtrad301 pdf otounst log Vbradtrad DEP Vbradtrad exe Acceptance cases psf extension These files are simple concatenations of older pmf and sdf acceptance case files which are retained in the Accept SaveAccept folder Three defaults files are needed to run RADTRAD the nuclide inventory file nif extension the release fraction and timing file rft extension and the dose conversion factors file inp extension These files are in the Defaults folder The acceptance case input files in the older format with extensions of pmf and sdf Graphical files necessary for vbradtrad exe This folder must not be moved or deleted A zip file that contains the same files that are in the Accept folder but with read only permissio
8. Time values must be entered in ascending order Fall height and particle density must be non negative Access On the Compartments form check the Natural Deposition feature Choose Henry on the Natural Deposition tabbed folder Click the enabled Henry Aerosol Model button to pop up this form 19 NUREG CR 6604 Elemental lodine Removal Coefficients Acceptance case Test5 is illustrated here Values are removal rate for elemental iodine in units of fraction per hour Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Removal Coefficients must be non negative Access On the Compartments form check the Natural Deposition feature On the Natural Deposition tabbed folder choose the Henry Aerosol Model option Click the enabled Elemental lodine button to pop up this form m Compartment Features Natural Deposition Compartment 1 Containment Removal Coefficients 1 hour Time h Elemental 0 000 00 1 2 3 4 5 5 Fi 8 9 NUREG CR 6604 20 Powers Aerosol Model Acceptance case Test10 is illustrated here The values reflect the percentile in terms of probability Selecting 10 gives a reasonable lower bound estimate for aerosol removal 50 gives a mean value and 90 gives a reasonable upper bound estimate A reactor and accident type must also be selected Note that this model was developed to model aerosol deposition in containment volumes where the surface to volume ratio is relatively small Applyi
9. aerosol model N CO 1x i3 0 no aerosol removal 1 user specified aerosol removal coefficients 2 aerosol removal coefficients calculated using the Powers model Sprays Aerosol User defined removal coefficients The next three lines are included if the user specified removal coefficients are used sprays aerosol model N 1 Fresh water fraction e12 4 Not used Placeholder required sprays aerosol count N 1x i3 1 10 number of aerosol removal coefficients 35 NUREG CR 6604 M this count N this compartment number sprays aerosol time N 1 M CO units hours sprays aerosol N 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 units per second These two are on one line with M lines Sprays Aerosol Powers model The next five lines are included if the Powers model is used sprays aerosol model N 2 Fresh water fraction 1 12 4 Not used Placeholder required Sprays aerosol alpha CO 1 12 4 Fraction sprayed sprays aerosol percentile N CO 1x e12 4 10 0 10th percentile model 50 0 50th percentile model 90 0 goth percentile model sprays aerosol count N 1x i3 1 10 number of times for which flux and height provided M this count N this compartment number sprays aerosol time N 1 M CO units hours sprays aerosol flux N 1 M CO units cubic meters of water per square meter per second sprays aerosol height N 1 M CO 3 1x e12 4 units meters These three are on one line with M lines End of Powers
10. are specified in Calculation of Distance Factors for Power and Test Reactor Sites DiNunno et al 1962 and in Regulatory Guides 1 3 and 1 4 USNRC 1974a 1974b More protracted and realistic source terms are specified for boiling water reactors BWRs and pressurized water reactors PWRs in Accident Source Terms for Light Water Nuclear Power Plants Soffer et al 1995 These instantaneous and protracted releases are represented through input files that are included with RADTRAD Other source terms can be modeled by modifying one of the standard input files RADTRAD includes models for a variety of processes that can attenuate and or transport radionuclides It can model sprays and natural deposition that reduce the quantity of radionuclides suspended in the containment or other compartments It can model the flow of radionuclides between compartments within a building from buildings into the environment and from the environment into a control room These flows can be through filters piping or simply due to air leakage The models for flow through piping can optionally account for aerosol deposition and iodine chemisorption RADTRAD can also model radioactive decay and in growth of daughters The code contains over 25 model and table options It is anticipated that RADTRAD will be used to estimate the effect of facility modifications and alternative accident management strategies on release of predicted source terms to the environment These
11. estimates may be used to support probabilistic risk assessment PRA and licensing studies This document is a supplement to the original RADTRAD user s manual Humphreys et al 1998 It describes recent modifications to the code that have resulted in version 3 01 These include a replacement of the graphical user interface GUI a replacement of the numerical engine used to solve systems of linear ordinary differential equations ODEs and the capability to model multiple source term compartments The new computational engine is both faster and more accurate than the original one which employed the Laplace transform method This document is organized into four chapters The first chapter is a user s guide that describes the process of installing version 3 01 and the new GUI The second chapter describes the main RADTRAD input file which contains the plant and scenario information needed to specify an accident sequence The third chapter briefly describes the new computational engine Finally the fourth chapter describes an additional test case that has been added to the standard RADTRAD test suite It also includes 1 NUREG CR 6604 updated results for the entire test suite Some of the results have changed slightly because of the increased accuracy of the new numerical engine NUREG CR 6604 2 1 RADTRAD User s Guide The RADTRAD users guide consists of two sections The first section provides instructions for installing RADTRAD and ru
12. in Chapter 2 6 Click the button labeled Calculate to launch a RADTRAD calculation with the current input file named on the status bar Save input in 3 01 format if prompted This also saves the default file paths if they were updated as recommended in step 3 If the file is not successfully saved in 3 01 format before a calculation is launched the following error message will be displayed Calculation was cancelled probably due to file format Save in current format and try again The output will be displayed in a simple text editor a few seconds after the calculation is done 1 1 4 Differences in RADTRAD 3 0 1 and Previous Versions RADTRAD input was formerly contained in two files the plant model file with extension pmf and the scenario description file with extension sdf These two files are now merged into one RADTRAD input file with a psf extension The acceptance cases are in PSF format in the Accept directory files with the old format are retained in the Accept SaveAccept folder A PSF file can be constructed by concatenating a PMF and an SDF file However a file created in this fashion must be saved in 3 01 format before a calculation can launched as explained in the following paragraph RADTRAD 3 01 allows multiple source term compartments Any compartment of type Other i e not Control Room or Environment may be assigned a source term fraction There is a change in input format to handle this capability The RADTRAD inter
13. n s 2 Draft 1465 4 releases Analytic 4 releases t Oe pee sepe No Decay Draft 1465 4 releases Analytic 4 releases 4 3 Acceptance Test Case 1a Problem Description PWR design see Figure 2 Instantaneous modified TID 14844 only release into containment Release begins at reactor shutdown No explicit calculation of removal mechanisms in the containment but 50 of the released iodine is deposited in accordance with TID 14844 Containment leak to the environment Control Room Control Un Filtered In Flow Room Containment Leak zs eakage Containment Control Room Exhaust Source Term Release fractions and timing TID 14844 Table IV with modifications per NRC Regulatory Guides 1 3 and 1 4 removes mixed fission products and details iodine fractions and further modified as described below Start of release 0 0000 hr lodine fractions Fraction of released iodine chemical form Elemental 1 0000 Organic 0 0000 Aerosol 0 0000 Inventory TID 14844 example normalized core inventory modified as follows ed only Reactor power 1 MWth Plant Model Containment volume 1 0000E 05 ft Environment Containment leakage Airleakage from Containment to Environment 53 NUREG CR 6604 Scenario Description Containment leak rate 0 1000 day Dose Parameters Control room values Time hr X Q s m 0 0000 0 3053 01 720 00 0 0000 00 Success Criteria
14. os zr oso ee 21 22 7 5070 670 59 8 1 44E 03 0 988 wir ao es ioo _ 22 RADTRAD 424 21 1 1840 179 438 49 9 9 42E 04 0 987 wer es za oso v9 e So 23 RADTRAD 61 7 4 16 58 1 106 14 1 36 2 2 83E 05 0 987 ae 7099 2 09 Table 4 4 PWR and BWR decay and daughtering tests Exclusion Low Population Area Boundary Zone Containment Activity oa 1 RADTRAD 444 13 6 2990 91 9 1 14 07 2 RADTRAD 653 28 8 4400 220 1 14 07 9 37 07 4 64 05 ww G 288 00 220 RADTRAD 641 26 3 1620 53 0 8 61E 05 8 08E 04 fer s s LRADTRAD 64i 263 1620 530 86105 808E 05 r es RADTRAD 10 8 4905 151 1 89 07 UU s 518 25 3 7200 1 89 07 1 88 07 506 23 5 2680 157 1 43E 06 1 07 06 n4 05 378 20 2 5530 327 1 44E 07 2 40 07 1 18 06 C Tue M M ow 370 18 8 2060 147 1 09 06 1 18 06 mer 91 4 LRADTRAD J 7099 2 Table 4 5 Analytic solution tests EXCLUSION AREA BOUNDARY LOW POPULATION ZONE Control Room Thyroid Dose TEDE Dose Thyroid Dose TEDE Dose 131 Activity 1
15. units cu m second These two variable are on one line for M lines 0 no occupancy factor input 1 occupancy factor input Valid only for control room compartment type 1 The next two lines are included only if location occupancy model L 1 location occupancy count L 1x i3 Location occupy time L 1 M DL 1x i3 Location occupy factor L 1 M DL 1x e12 4 Repeat from Location L for all dose locations Effective Volume Location 1x a26 Eff vol xq model DL 1x i3 Number of times for which input is provided Valid range 1 10 M count units hours unitless These two variables are one line for M lines 0 no effective volume input 1 7 effective volume input Control room X Q is input here The next two lines are included only if eff vol model 1 Eff vol xq count L 1x i3 Eff vol time L 1 M DL 1x i3 Eff vol xq L 1 M DL 1x e12 4 Simulation Parameters 1x a22 Dt max count The next line is present only if M is greater than zero Dt max time 1 M CL 2 1x e12 4 NUREG CR 6604 44 Number of times for which input is provided Valid range 1 10 M count units hours unitless These two variables are one line for M lines Plain text line is not used 1x 3 Number of times for which supplemental time steps are provided Valid range 0 to 10 M count Units hours Dt max Output Filename Output filename Show plant Show scenar
16. volume N TP 1x e12 4 units cu ft Brock_angle N TP 1x e12 4 units degrees brock time N 1 M TP 4 1x e12 4 units hours brock flow N 1 M TP units cubic meters per second brock_pressure N 1 M TP units atmospheres brock temp N 1 M TP units degrees F These four are on one line for M lines End of Brockmann Bixler model Piping Elemental l User defined decontamination factors piping elemental model 1 1x i3 0 no elemental iodine removal 1 user specified elemental iodine decontamination factors The next two lines are included only if the user specified decontamination factors are used piping elemental model 1 piping elemental count N TP 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 inclusive M this count N this pathway NUREG CR 6604 40 piping elemental time N 1 M TP 3 1x e12 4 units hours piping elemental df N 1 M TP units per second piping_elemental flow N 1 M TP units cubic meters per second These three are on one line for M lines End of Elemental user specified decontamination factors Piping Organic l User defined decontamination factors piping organic model N TP 1x i3 0 no aerosol removal 1 user specified aerosol decontamination factors These lines will be included if and only if the user specified decontamination factors are used piping organic model 1 piping organic count N 1x i3 valid range 1 to 25 inclusive piping organic time N 1 M TP 3 1x e12
17. 00 180 787E08 75 _ 10 8 4905 151 Jj RADTRAD 518 25 3 7200 382 s Z ae _ 518 25 3 7200 382 481 25 7 7 31 04 0 15 sm Z 49 ase OP 23 4 54 4 179 12 7 2 52E 04 pe ee a o 249 629 64 129 252604 015 81 s 7 ee 7099 2 8t Table 4 2 BWR Control room and pipe deposition tests Exclusion Low Population Control Room Area Boundary Zone Control Room Activity Doses rem Doses rem Doses rem curie CODE TID 14844 only Thyroid TEDE Thyroid TEDE Thyroid TEDE 11 RADTRAD 6 25 0 192 2050 63 1 12 RADTRAD 6 25 0 192 2050 63 1 219 8 49 3 40E 03 13 RADTRAD 0 284 0 0087 147 4 52 376 11 5 4 92E 03 1 03 NUREG 1465 BWR 13B Xe only RADTRAD 0 0175 5 35 04 2 67 213 6 48 2 99 03 HABIT 0 0151 4 60E 04 2 60 211 6 44 RADTRAD 0 0040 1 22 04 0 141 4 66 0 142 5 72 05 14B 15 RADTRAD HABIT 16 RADTRAD 44 7 1 36 1 54E 04 mM HABIT 1 35 1 56E 04 VO99 YO OAYNN Table 4 3 PWR Natural deposition and sprays tests Exclusion Low Population Control Room NUREGA46SPWR Thyoi TEDE TEDE Xe 314 9 62 3485 107 D C TITEISIMISI T 459 22 7 5070
18. 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 Volume ft 9 8600 05 0 0000 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 0 0000 00 1 0000 00 0 0000 00 Inner surface 0 0000 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 area sqft 5 0000 05 0 0000 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 1 0000 00 0 0000 0 0000 00 1 0000 00 0 0000 00 Total pipe bend 0 0000 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 0 0000 00 angle deg 0 0000 00 C wm a ww M NUREG CR 6604 26 1 2 13 Data Entry for Transfer Mechanisms Filter Filter Efficiencies Acceptance case Test24a is illustrated here Input values are flow rates in cubic feet per minute and filter efficiencies in percent Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Efficiencies must be non negative and no greater than 100 Access On the Pathways form choose the Filter mechanism On the Filter tabbed folder click Edit Efficiencies to pop up this form Pathway Transfer Mechanisms Filters Pathway 8 Filter 3 Environment to CR Reset Filter Efficiencies percent Time h Flow Hate cfm Aerosol Elemental Organic uma C wm um a 1 2 14 27 NUREG CR 6604 Data Entry for Transfer Mechanisms Air Leakage Air Leakage Rates Acceptance case Test21 is illustrated here Input values are leakage rates in units of percent of volume from which air leaks per day Edits Time value
19. 4 units hours piping organic df N 1 M TP units per second piping organic flow N 1 M units cubic meters second These three are on one line for M lines Filter format p filter eff model N TP 1x i3 0 no filter action 1 filter action The next three lines are included only if p filter eff model N 1 p filter eff count N 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 inclusive 1 10 number of filter efficiencies M this count N this pathway p filler norm time N 1 M TP o 1x e12 4 units hours p filler norm flow rate N TP units per second p filler aerosol eff N 1 M TP for all efficiencies units percent and valid range 0 0 to 100 0 p filler elemental eff N 1 M TP p filter organic eff N 1 M TP These five variables are on one line for M lines Suppression pool format Aerosol Decontamination factors sp aerosol model N TP 1x i3 0 no aerosol removal 1 user specified decontamination factors The next three lines are included only if the user specified decontamination factors are used sp aerosol model N 1 41 NUREG CR 6604 sp initial volume N TP 1x e12 4 units cubic meters valid range gt 0 0 0 0 no suppression pool sp aerosol count N 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 sp aerosol time N 1 M TP units hours sp aerosol df N 1 M TP 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two variables are on one line for M lines Suppression pool format Elemental I Decontaminat
20. All of the RADTRAD calculated 711 activities must equal the analytical results within 0 190 Acceptance Criteria All of the success criteria must be met or exceeded in order for the RADTRAD software to be acceptable to the NRC Results Test Case 1 RADTRAD Analytic Solution Ci 11903 11903 Control Room Ci 0 01191 0 01190 NUREG CR 6604 54 5 References Birchall A and A C James 1989 A Microcomputer Algorithm for Solving First Order Compartmental Models Involving Recycling Health Physics 56 6 857 868 DiNunno J J R E Baker F D Anderson and R L Waterfield 1962 Calculation of Distance Factors for Power and Test Reactor Sites TID 14844 U S Atomic Energy Commission Washington D C Humphreys 5 L T J Heames L A Miller and D K Monroe 1998 RADTRAD A Simplified Model for RADionuclide Transport and Removal And Dose Estimation NUREG CR 6604 SAND98 0272 Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque N M Soffer L S B Burson C M Ferrell R Y Lee and J N Ridgely 1995 Accident Source Terms for Light Water Nuclear Power Plants NUREG 1465 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C USNRC 1974a Assumptions Used for Evaluating the Potential Radiological Consequences of a Loss of Coolant Accident for Boiling Water Reactors Regulatory Guide 1 3 Revision 2 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C USNRC 1974b Assumptions Used for Evaluating the Potential Ra
21. F file then a launched RADTRAD calculation will abruptly terminate with no error message because it cannot find the specified file Clicking either TID or 1465 selects the appropriate iodine chemical fractions documented in the original RADTRAD manual The user may modify the iodine chemical fractions manually but they must always sum to unity 1 2 6 The Calculation Control Options Form There is no required input for this form The optional Case Title allows the user to insert a short description of the calculation in the input file PSF file that is written This description is also echoed to the output file generated when a RADTRAD calculation is launched A unique Output File name is chosen as the default when an input file is opened but it can be modified on this form The default nomenclature for the output file name is to use an extension of Ox where x is the smallest nonnegative integer that does not lead to a conflict with an existing file Hadtrad Calculation Control Options Radtrad 3 01 3 22 1999 Reset Case I OK Output File Supplemental ime Steps Time Time Step show Results 0 0000 For every simulation event For every supplemental time step Include runtime model information Include plant model Include scenario description 13 NUREG CR 6604 The Show Results options allow the user to customize the level of RADTRAD output Five options can be selected each ad
22. File dose conversion factor file Decay and Daughter Products option and lodine Chemical Fractions Plant Power must also be set in order to perform a nontrivial calculation Source Term i ICT X Source erm and Dose Reset Conversion Factors Dose Conversion Factors Nuclide Inventory Release Fractions and Timing C Default C Default TID C Default BYR C User Inventory Browse NIF Plant Power 000 0000 NIF File DEFAULTS PWR_DEF NIF Edit NIE Decay and Daughter Products lodine Chemical Fractions No Decay Aerosol 0 9500 C TID Decay No Daughter Products Elemental 0 0485 1465 Decay And Daughter Products 0 0015 Clicking the Default PWR Default BWR or Default TID buttons will place an entry into the NIF File box The default file names will work correctly when a Defaults folder is in the same directory as the input PSF file If it is not the user should select the User Inventory option and then use the browse function to locate the appropriate file The process is similar for each of the tabbed folders i e Release Fraction and Timing and Dose Conversion Factors While not necessary it is recommended that the user verify the full path of the NIF RFT and INP files by using the Browse button to locate each of these files Doing so will cause a full valid path beginning with a drive letter to be appear If an invalid path NUREG CR 6604 12 is saved to the PS
23. If the source term is to be split evenly between two compartments then the Source Term Fraction should be set to 0 5 for those two compartments and to O for all others The Overlying Pool feature becomes available if Compartment 3 Other is selected The Overlying Pool feature is effective only during the ex vessel phase of severe accidents The OK and Reset Commands Most forms in the RADTRAD 3 01 interface have a pair of buttons in the upper right corner OK and Reset Clicking OK saves the data currently on the form The word save as it is used here does not imply that the data will be saved to a file only that it will be retained in memory so that if the user later returns to the form the same data will reappear Saving data to a file is discussed in Subsection 1 2 1 Before data are saved they are edited i e checked to see if they pass certain requirements such as being a non negative number If they pass the edits they will be saved for that compartment pathway or dose location until modified and saved again or until a new input file is loaded If there are errors they will be pointed out to the user during the editing process Clicking Reset restores the previously saved data This action bypasses the edit process on the assumption that the previously saved data had already passed the edits The OK command closes the form but Reset does not After clicking Reset click OK to close the form or use the Previous or Nex
24. NUREG CR 6604 SAND98 0272 1 Supplement 1 RADTRAD A Simplified Model for RADionuclide Transport and Removal And Dose Estimation Date June 8 1999 Prepared by N E Bixler C M Erickson Sandia National Laboratories P O Box 5800 Albuquerque NM 87185 0739 C G Gingrich NRC Project Manager Prepared for Division of Systems Analysis amp Regulatory Effectiveness Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington DC 20555 0001 NRC Job Code Y6062 Abstract This report is a supplement to the original RADTRAD user s manual It describes modifications that have been made to the graphical user interface GUI and to the numerical engine used to solve coupled ordinary differential equations Other improvements to the code are also described A major portion of this report is a replacement to the original user s guide which describes how to install and use the current version 3 01 The GUI is now based on Visual Basic and operates quite differently than the GUI used in earlier code versions The original numerical engine which was based on the Laplace transform technique has also been replaced with a new method that is both faster and more accurate One new test case has been added to the standard test suite Updated results for the entire suite of test problems are presented Finally a description of the new input format is provided li NUREG CR 6604 Contents V NUREG CR 6604
25. SPEER ESSERE File information THERE IEEHERHHERHEHERHEREIHEREREHEREIEREIERHEREIHEREHIHEREIHERREHEEHEHERHEHEIRHEIEIHERERHERERHERREHEEHEHEREHEHEEEHEHEERERE Plant file name C Program FilesxBRADTRADMAcceptkTestil pst DEFAULTZ C Program FilessRADTRADMAcceptkTesti pstf DEFAULTS EWE DBA RPT DEFAULTS FGR60 INP Inventory file name Sceenaria file name Release file name Dose conversion file name TEIERERERETEETERETERETER TERETERETERERERERERERERERETER TEREEEREEERERERERERERERERETER TEREEERERETEHREREREEERETER TERETEREEERERERERERERETEEEERERE Plant Description THERIERIHEIHEIHEIHETHERRIERHERETHEREREIRHETEETHERHIERIEREIHEREREIEEIRETRHEREIERIBERREIBEIREIHERHERHIEREIHERHEIHERER Number of Nuclides 40 Inventory Power 1 0000 00 Milth Plant Power Level 1 9320 03 Math Number of compartments 3 Testl1 al Test 1 pst Compartment information Test 2 o0 Testle pst Compartment number 1 Source term compartment Test 3 Mame Containment Testl3 psf Compartment volume 1 7300 06 Cubic feet Test 3b all Removal devices within compartment 3b psf Deposition Pathways into and out of compartment 1 oections may be cut from the file and the shortened file saved or selected blocks of text may be copied to the system clipboard for use with other applications From the NUREG CR 6604 14 Edit menu the user may comma or tab separate a selected block of text This is c
26. ad exe brings up the main form titled RADTRAD 3 01 or other current version number shown on the bottom of the preceding page On it are three combination boxes one with a dropdown menu of compartment names the next with a dropdown menu of transfer pathway names and the third with a dropdown menu of dose locations If an input file has not been opened all the names will appear as Unused as shown here Selecting any of these names will open the appropriate form for entering plant and scenario data The combination boxes are arranged in the order in which data are normally entered The Menu File gt Open Radtrad input opens a PSF file and places all data contained in the on the current forms This action makes the input data available for modification or for launching a calculation File gt Save Radtrad input saves a PSF file from the data on the current forms This must be done before launching a RADTRAD calculation in order for any modifications to take effect This is because the launched calculation reads input data from the file on the disk not from the data displayed on the forms File gt Read or Print Radtrad output starts a simple text editor Output files or other files can be viewed edited and printed from this editor File gt Exit is the formal RADTRAD exit It releases all memory used by RADTRAD Another way to exit from RADTRAD is to click the X button at the upper right corner of the control bar Edit gt Clear a
27. ast and extremely robust Provided that there are no active models that effectively cause the coefficients in the ODEs to be nonconstant such as radioactive decay and daughter in growth or the Powers model for containment sprays the computed results are nearly independent of the number of time steps taken Automatic time step selection has been implemented in the routines NECSTEP and AUTODT to ensure that the effects of nonconstant coefficients are captured Automatic time step selection is most important when the Powers models for aerosol removal by sprays or in suppression pools are active Daughter in growth also requires control over time step size to achieve accurate results The user can also supply supplemental time steps on the Control Options screen which allows the user to verify that results are insensitive to further decreases in time step size 47 NUREG CR 6604 4 RADTRAD Acceptance Test Cases 4 1 Introduction Some of the acceptance test results have changed slightly since the original publication of the RADTRAD user s manual Humphreys et al 1998 The changes are mainly due to the replacement of the original numerical algorithm used to solve the system of ordinary differential equations In other words differences in results obtained with RADTRAD versions 2 2x and 3 01 are mainly numerical in nature and reflect improvements in the underlying numerical programming While these differences are slight it is useful to update th
28. cients Acceptance case Test23 is illustrated here Input values are removal coefficients in units of fraction per hour Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Removal coefficients must be nonnegative Access On the Pathways form choose the Piping transfer mechanism On the Piping tabbed folder choose User Specified Coefficients Then click Edit Removal Coefficients to pop up this form m Compartment Features Sprays Compartment 1 Sprayed Region Reset Removal Coefficients 1 hour OK Time h Aerosol Elemental Organic 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 8 9 25 NUREG CR 6604 Brockmann Bixler Model Acceptance case Test14b is illustrated here Input values are flow rates in cubic feet per minute gas pressure in the atmosphere and gas temperature in degrees Fahrenheit Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Flow rate gas pressure volume inner surface area and total pipe bend angle must be non negative Gas temperatures must be at least 32 F Access On the Pathways form choose the Piping mechanism On the Piping tabbed folder choose Brockmann Bixler Click Edit Removal Coefficients to pop up this form m ransfer Pathways Piping Pathway 2 Leakage to Environment Brackmann Bixler Model OK Flow Rate Gas Pressure Gas Temp deg Time h cfm atm F poo 1 0000E 00 5 4800E 02 720 0000 7 1 0000 00 5 4800 02 0 0000 D DODDE 00 0
29. ding a level of detail to the output file If nonzero Supplemental Time Steps are entered the time steps will be no larger than the specified value until the next value of time is reached Ordinarily the internal time step controls in RADTRAD are adequate to obtain a high level of accuracy so supplemental time steps need not be specified However this option is available so that the user can check the sensitivity of results to time step size 1 2 The Text Editor The editor that pops up automatically at the end of a RADTRAD calculation is shown here for one of the acceptance test cases Test10 psf The end of the file can be reached by pressing Control End The vertical scroll bar can also be used to move up or down within the displayed file C Program Files RADTRAD Accept 0 00 File Edit Format a Ul S TEHEREREEIEEHERHIHERHIHERHBREIHEERHEHEIHHEIBREIHEREIHERRHHGHEHHHRIHHGGIHHHHGHHAGEREHEREHAEE Page l Plant file name Program FilesxRADTRADXAcceptkTestll pst Scenario file name Program FilesxRADTRADMAcceptkTestll pst A AAAA PR AAAA NAARAAN AARAA RRRA AARRE rogram PPPRP PPRP PRRP THERE THERE THERE EHEREIE THER PPAR ESSERE RES CXRADTRAD RADTRAD Version 3 00 03 19 1999 123459 0920 THERE IEIHERHIHERHEHERHBREIHEREREHERERERIERHEREIHEREIHEREIHEREREHEEHEHERHEHEIEHEHIEIHERERHERERHERREHEEHEHEEHEHEEEHEEERERE Defaults SaveAccent TETHESETRETHERERE THERE THERE THERE THERE EHEREIE THER
30. diological Consequences of a Loss of Coolant Accident for Pressurized Water Reactors Regulatory Guide 1 4 Revision 2 Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D C 55 NUREG CR 6604
31. e data are found during the edit process they are highlighted and must be corrected before proceeding 1 2 3 The Pathway Form Required inputs for each active pathway are From Compartment To Compartment Pathway Name and Transfer Mechanism Pathways that do not have Yes selected under Active Pathway will not be saved to a file Active Pathway is set to Yes by default when a Transfer Mechanism is selected Only one Transfer Mechanism can be selected for a transfer pathway When the user indicates a transfer mechanism the corresponding tabbed folder is brought to the front where user defined coefficients are entered or a model is chosen and its requirements are entered Requirements for Transfer Mechanism data are described later in this chapter Transfer Pathways From Compartment TAIS ys Pathway Beset To Compartment Previous sl H Next OK Pathway Name 89 Transfer Mechanism Suppression Pool Air Leakage C Piping C Filter Model Selection Edit C fur leakage Aerosols Suppression pool Active Pathway Yes Elemental Edit Selected a Models Organic NUREG CR 6604 10 1 2 4 The Dose Location Form Required dose location inputs are Name other than Unused In Compartment y Q and Breathing Rate BR A control room compartment also requires Occupancy Factors to be specified The user may select appropriate defaults in BR Defaults by clicking on EAB or LPZ
32. e tables given in the previous manual with the ones that are now obtained with version 3 01 One new test case has been added to the set of cases included in the previous document This is named Test1a This case was added in order to check the accuracy of results for modeling a control room compartment which is unique in that it is the only compartment type that can have an inflow from the environment RADTRAD version 2 2x did not correctly model control room concentrations and doses in some cases so it was decided to add this case as an additional check on the new version 4 2 Summary of Test Case Results Results for the standard suite of test problems are summarized in Tables 4 1 through 4 5 These tables are replacements for Tables 3 3 1 2 1 through 3 3 1 2 5 in the original RADTRAD user s manual Tables 4 1 through 4 5 are updated to be consistent with the results predicted by version 3 01 They also include results for the new test case Testa NUREG CR 6604 48 7099 2 Table 4 1 PWR Control room and natural deposition tests Exclusion Low Population Control Room ase TEBE Tod TEBE TEE gt 1 RADTRAD 13 6 2990 91 9 me ee 2 653 28 8 4400 oem o o oo RADTRAD 28 8 4400 2660 95 5 3 95E 03 gee 1130 47 5 66 9 4950 169 7 32 03 s omw 1800 392 83
33. econtamination Factors dimensionless DK Time h Aerosol Elemental Organic vos C M 23 NUREG CR 6604 Powers Aerosol Model No acceptance cases use the overlying pool feature Input values are percentile in terms of probability pool depth in feet and pool temperature in degrees Fahrenheit Selecting 10 gives a reasonable lower bound estimate for aerosol removal 50 gives a mean value and 90 gives a reasonable upper bound estimate Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Pool Depth must be non negative Pool temperatures must at least 36 F Recommended ranges are pool depths of 1 to 6 feet and pool temperatures of 86 to 212 F Access On the Compartments form check the Overlying Pool feature On the Overlying Pool tabbed folder choose the Powers option Click on the enabled Powers Aerosol Model button to pop up this form The form for entering Elemental and Organic lodine decontamination factors is analogous to the one for User Defined Decontamination Factors except that the aerosol column is omitted w Compartment Features Overlying Pool Compartment 1 Containment Reset Powers Aerosol Decontamination Factor Model OK Percentile HIER 10 C 50 C 90 Ponl Depth Pool Temp Time h ft deg F D vu m M NUREG CR 6604 24 1 2 12 Data Entry for Transfer Mechanisms Piping User Specified Removal Coeffi
34. erly this section was a second input file It is now concatenated with the plant file with no changes to the line format except for the version 3 01 multiple source input Plain text or variable name Scenario Description Name scenario name Plant Model File Name plant filename Source Term Number of sources Compartment number sourceterm fraction 1 M dose conversion filename release filename delay time calculate daughters i fraction aerosol i fraction elemental i fraction organic i fraction radioactive Overlying Pool op decay op initial volume op aerosol model Form CL CO CO SI SI SI SI ST ST ST CO CO Format 1x a26 1x a40 1x a21 1x a40 1x a12 1x i3 1x i3 1x e12 4 1x a256 1x a256 1x e12 4 1x i3 4 1 12 4 1 15 1x i3 1x e12 4 1x i3 33 Comments printable ASCII characters not used carriage return needed Number of data lines to follow M count These two are on one line with M lines Filename extension must be INP Use of full path is recommended Filename extension must be RFT Use of full path is recommended valid range gt 0 0 hours 0 no daughters are calculated 1 all daughters are calculated valid range 0 0 to 1 0 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These three variables must total 1 0 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These four variables are on one line 0
35. face will read either a single source term format concatenations of PMF and SDF files or a multiple source term format It will always write files in multiple source term format RADTRAD version 3 01 and future versions writes a version stamp at the top of the PSF file This stamp allows RADTRAD to automatically recognize and read multiple formats Thus future modifications to the format of PSF files should be transparent to the user The intention of the RADTRAD developers is to maintain a backward compatibility with previous versions 5 NUREG CR 6604 1 2 The Graphical User Interface GUI The GUI used in version 3 01 and subsequent versions is entirely different than the one used in previous versions 2 xx The most basic difference is that the GUI in 3 01 uses a Visual Basic interface that runs under Windows 95 98 or Windows NT while the GUI used in versions 2 xx was developed using High Screen Pro and ran under DOS The user should find the new interface much more flexible and easier to navigate Basic instructions for using the new GUI are included in the following subsections Radtrad 3 01 __ File Edit Help 218 Compartments 1 Unused Done Transfer Pathways 1 Unused Done Dose Locations Done Source Term Source Term and OCF Radtrad Calculation Control Head Lotions Print Output NUREG CR 6604 6 The Main Form Starting vbradtr
36. fficiencies must be non negative and no larger than 100 17 NUREG CR 6604 Access On the Compartments form check the Recirculating Filters feature On the Recirculating Filters tabbed folder click the enabled Edit Efficiencies button to pop up this form 1 2 10 Data Entry for Compartment Features Natural Deposition User Defined Coefficients Acceptance case Test23 is illustrated here Values are removal coefficients in units of fraction per hour m Compartment Features Natural Deposition Compartment 2 Unsprayed Region Reset Removal Coefficients 1 hour OK Time h Aerosol Elemental C M m Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Removal coefficients must be non negative Access On the Compartments form check the Natural Deposition feature Choose the User Defined Coefficients option Click the enabled User Defined Coefficients button to pop up this form NUREG CR 6604 18 Henry Aerosol Model Acceptance case Test5 is illustrated here Input values are the spray fall height i e the vertical distance between the spray nozzles and the floor of the containment in meters and the aerosol particle density in grams per cubic centimeter w Compartment Features Natural Deposition Compartment 1 Containment Reset Henry Aerosol Deposition Model OK Fall Height Particle Density Time h m g em 3 1 2 3 4 gt 5 Fi 8 9 Edits
37. g 10 gives a reasonable lower bound estimate for aerosol removal 50 gives a mean value and 90 gives a reasonable upper bound w Compartment Features Sprays Compartment 1 Sprayed Region Reset Powers Model for Aerosol Removal Coefficients OK Fraction Sprayed 1 000E 00 C 10 50 90 Time Flux cfm sqft Height m 000 Percentile 0 0000 000 00 D BOUE 00 wm G Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Flux height and fraction sprayed must be non negative NUREG CR 6604 16 Access On the Compartments form check the Sprays feature to bring forward the sprays tabbed folder Choose the Powers option Click the enabled Powers Aerosol Model button to pop up this form Removal coefficients for elemental and organic iodine can also be entered in the same way as illustrated above for the User Defined Coefficients option 1 2 9 Data Entry for Compartment Features Recirculating Filters Filter Efficiencies Acceptance case Test10 is illustrated here The data on this form specify filter efficiencies in units of percent for aerosols elemental iodine and organic iodine m Compartment Features Recirculating Filters Compartment 3 Control Room Reset Filter Efficiencies percent OK Time h Aerosol Elemental Organic vo mm C e M m Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Filter e
38. io Show event Show_ step Show_model End of Scenario File CL CL CL CL CL CL 1x a16 1x a256 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1x i3 1x a32 45 CL Units hours Maximum time step These two are on one line for M lines Plain text line is not used Name of output file Use of full path is recommended Include plant model Include scenario description Show results for every simulation event Show results for every supplemental time step Include runtime model information NUREG CR 6604 3 Numerical Algorithms Used in Version 3 01 This section addresses the mathematical solution method used to ultimately calculate the doses at various locations The overall numerical solution technique is discussed in Section 3 1 The numerical engine used to solve coupled sets of linear ordinary differential equations is discussed in Section 3 2 3 1 Numerical Solution Technique It is possible to define a single system of coupled ordinary differential equations that simultaneously represents all of the phenomena considered by the code However the size of this equation set and the computational cost of its numerical solution would make such an implementation impractical on a PC Significant economies of calculation time and computer memory size in RADTRAD are achieved by dividing the calculations into two parts 1 radioactive decay and daughter in growth and 2 radionuclide transport The fundamenta
39. iodine volatilization Not used Placeholder required no filter action 1 filter action The next three lines are included only if the recirculating filter feature is used C_filter_eff_model N 1 c_filter_norm_flow_rate N CO 1x e12 4 c filter eff count N 1x i3 c filtrer aerosol eff N 1 M CO c filter elemental eff N 1 M CO 37 units per second 1 10 number of filter efficiencies M this count N this compartment number units percent valid range 0 0 to 100 0 inclusive units percent valid range 0 0 to 100 0 inclusive NUREG CR 6604 c filter organic eff N 1 M CO 3 1x e12 4 units percent valid range 0 0 to 100 0 inclusive These three are on one line with M lines Compartments Natural deposition format deposit aerosol model N CO 1x i3 0 model is not used 1 user specified aerosol removal coefficients 2 aerosol removal coefficients calculated using the Henry model 3 coefficients calculated using the Powers deposition model Natural Deposition Aerosol User specified decontamination factors The next two lines are included if the user specified decontamination factors are used deposit aerosol model N 1 deposit aerosol count N CO 1x i3 1 10 number of aerosol removal coefficients supplied or calculated M this count N this compartment number deposit aerosol time N 1 M CO units hours deposit aerosol N 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 units per
40. ion factors sp elemental model N TP 1x i3 0 no elemental iodine removal 1 user specified decontamination factors The next two lines are present only if user specified decontamination factors are used sp elemental model N 1 sp elemental count N 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 M this count N this pathway sp elemental time N 1 M TP units hours sp elemental df N 1 M TP 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two variables are on one line for M lines Suppression pool format Organic I Decontamination factors sp organic model N 1x 13 0 lt no organic iodine removal 1 user specified decontamination factors The next two lines are included only if user specified decontamination factors are used sp organic model N 1 sp organic count N 1x i3 1 10 number of decontamination factors M this count N this pathway sp organic time N 1 M TP units hours sp organic df N 1 M TP 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two variables are on one line for M lines sp volatilization model N 1x i3 0 no iodine volatilization Not used Placeholder value required NUREG CR 6604 42 Air leakage format convection model N TP 1x i3 0 no natural convection 1 user specified normalized flow rates The next two lines are included only if the user specified decontamination factors are used convection model N 1 convection count N 1x i3 M this count N this pathway
41. l cause RADTRAD to crash The text editor accessed from the Read Output and Print button or File menu item can be used to put comments on existing lines of an input file Other text editors such as Notepad or Wordpad can also be used There is no provision for adding more comment lines to the file than can be accommodated by these inline methods Adding additional lines to the input file will cause RADTRAD to crash NUREG CR 6604 30 2 3 Input File Format In the table of variables below the second column lists an abbreviation of the relevant form name for each user specified variable The key to the abbreviations follows here Key to Form Column Compartments form Transfer Pathways form DL Dose Locations form ST Source Term form Calculation Control Options form If a form abbreviation is not noted next to a variable name or heading the user is not responsible for the input For CO and TP tabular input the popup data forms shown above are created as needed DL ST and CL forms do not use popup forms The Plant Model Section of the RADTRAD Input File Plain text or variable name Form Format Comments Plant Model Name 1x a19 plant model name CL a40 printable ASCII characters Nuclide Inventory File 1x a21 inventory filename ST a256 file name extension must be nif use of full path is recommended Plant Power Level 1x a20 plant power level ST f11 4 units megawatts thermal valid range gt 0 0 Compartments
42. l premise behind this approach is that during a time step of small enough duration the interdependence of the two components of a calculation can be neglected That is the transport equations defining transfer of material between compartments during a time step can be solved numerically without taking account of the radioactive decay and in growth occurring over that period Likewise the radioactive decay and in growth equations can be solved during a time step without considering the simultaneous phenomenon of transport between compartments The user can test the sensitivity of the calculated results by running the code with 0 25 hr 1 0 hr 4 0 hr and the default time steps to verify that the predicted results converge as time step size diminishes In calculations where radioactive decay is not enabled there is no approximation associated with decoupling of the two physical processes The two types of calculations are performed alternately That is the code begins its integration over a time step by analyzing the effect of radioactive decay and daughter in growth on the inventory of all compartments After this the code calculates the effect of radionuclide transport between compartments during that same time step This process of alternating between radioactive decay and daughter in growth and radionuclide transport continues until the specified end time is reached In calculations where radioactive decay is not modeled the solution algorithm i
43. lemental time N 1 M CO units hours deposit elemental N 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 units per second These two are on one line for M lines Pathways 1x a9 number of pathways 1x i3 valid range the number of pathways specified in the plant section of the file Pathway n 1x a10 1x i2 N this pathway number pathway detail N 1x i3 Not used Placeholder required pathway decay N 1x i3 Not used Placeholder required Piping Format piping aerosol model N TP 1x i3 valid range 7 O to 1 inclusive no aerosol removal 39 NUREG CR 6604 1 user specified decontamination factors 2 Brockmann Bixler model Piping User defined decontamination factors The next two lines are included only if the user specified decontamination factors are used piping aerosol model 1 piping aerosol count N 1x i3 valid range 1 to 10 inclusive M this count N this pathway piping aerosol 1 TP units hours piping aerosol df N 1 M TP its per second piping_aerosol flow N 1 M TP 3 1x e12 4 units cubic meters per second These three are on one line for M lines End of user defined decontamination factors Piping Brockmann Bixler model The next five lines are included only if the Brockmann Bixler model is used piping_aerosol_ model 2 piping aerosol count N 1x i3 Valid range 1 10 times for which model data is provided M this count N this pathway Brock surface N TP 1x e12 4 units sq ft Brock
44. ll input reinitializes all compartment pathway dose location filename and model data This same function is automatically performed just before a PSF file is opened The Toolbar The toolbar has already been described in Subsection 1 1 3 The amp icon is equivalent to File gt Open Radtrad input The icon is equivalent to File gt Save Radtrad input The icon starts the text editor The Done Checkboxes Use of these checkboxes is entirely optional Clicking on a Done checkbox brings up a prompt to save input but input can also be saved from the menu the toolbar or at the prompt just before a RADTRAD calculation is launched The purpose of these boxes is to help the user keep track of what portions of data entry have been completed A checked Done box is not preserved when a saved PSF file is always starts with these boxes unchecked 7 NUREG CR 6604 1 2 2 The Compartment Form Required input data in the Compartments form are Compartment Name other than Unused Compartment Type and Volume unless Type is 3 Environment Select the Compartment Type from the dropdown list and enter the other items Any data entered onto the form for a compartment of type 0 Unused will not be saved to a file Compartments Compartment Unused 7 5 fs Compartiment 7 Reset Compartment Type Previous gt Next OK Volume ft 0 000 00 PONES Hooe
45. n The files can be extracted with Winzip or Pkzip A zip file containing the same files that are in the Defaults folder but with read only permission The files can be extracted with Winzip or Pkzip The code called to launch a calculation This file must remain in the same folder as vbradtrad exe Text file used to initialize the visual interface to the current RADTRAD version It must remain in the same folder as vbradtrad exe An electronic copy in Acrobat format of this document A file required to uninstall RADTRAD using Add Remove Programs If it is deleted uninstall by simply deleting the installation folder However doing this will leave the name Radtrad in the Programs menu To avoid this reinstall RADTRAD to restore otounst log and then remove RADTRAD with Add Remove Programs Utility file The starting point of the application Double click on this filename to run the GUI for developing RADTRAD input psf files and to launch a calculation 1 1 3 Running the RADTRAD Acceptance Cases To run the acceptance test cases use the following procedure 1 Start RADTRAD either from the Programs menu by double clicking vbradtrad exe in C Program Files Radtrad or other installation path 2 Click Open Radtrad input in the File menu or click the amp icon on the toolbar In the resulting dialog form locate the Accept directory and click Open Choose an input file from the PSF files displayed Test1 psf Test10 p
46. ng this model to other types of compartments i e where surface to volume or aspect ratios are substantially different than those of a containment is likely to lead to significant errors Edits None Access On the Compartments form check the Natural Deposition feature to bring forward the Natural Deposition tabbed folder Choose the Powers Containment option Click the enabled Powers Aerosol Model button to pop up this form w Compartment Features Natural Deposition Compartment 1 Containment Powers Aerosol Decontamination Model Percentile C 10 5095 C 90 Reactor and Accident PWH Design Basis Accident C PWR Severe Accident C BWR Design Basis Accident C BWR Severe Accident C APWH Design Basis Accident This model applies only to containment compartments 21 NUREG CR 6604 Data Entry for Compartment Features Overlying Pool User Defined Decontamination Factors No acceptance cases use the overlying pool feature Values are decontamination factors which are dimensionless Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Decontamination factors must be 1 or greater Access On the Compartments form check the Overlying Pool feature On the Overlying Pool tabbed folder choose the User Defined Coefficients option Click the enabled User Defined Coefficients button to pop up this form Compartment Features Overlying Pool Compartment 1 Containment Reset D
47. nning the standard test suite The second section describes the graphical user interface GUI This chapter should be useful for both novice and experienced RADTRAD users 1 1 Getting Started This section covers the installation of the RADTRAD 3 01 code on your computer The code is supplied on a CD Installation is automated and should be straightforward 1 1 1 Installation RADTRAD 3 01 and subsequent versions are intended to run under Windows 95 98 and Windows NT 4 0 Installation requires about 20 MB of disk space and a CD ROM drive RADTRAD 3 01 works best with a 17 inch or larger monitor set to a resolution of at least 1024x768 pixels To install RADTRAD open the folder corresponding to your CD ROM drive then double click on setup exe Other applications should be closed The default installation path is C Program Files Radtrad but the user can choose any path RADTRAD may also be installed using Control Panel gt Add Remove Programs Once installation is complete the acceptance cases and the default files are available in two forms The Accept folder contains the acceptance test files with write permission The Accept Defaults folder contains nuclide inventory NIF release fraction and timing RFT and dose conversion factor files INP with write permission The Accept zip file contains read only copies of the acceptance cases and defaults files The Defaults zip file contains read only copies of the defaults files i e NIF
48. onvenient for pasting into a spreadsheet from the system clipboard The user can also undo the tab and comma operations From the text editor any ASCII text file can be located and edited by using the drive folder and file windows at the right of the text The text editor can be opened at any time during a RADTRAD session To open it click the button labeled Read Output or Print or click the L amp icon on the toolbar 1 2 8 Data Entry for Compartment Features Sprays Removal Coefficients Acceptance case Test23 is illustrated here The tabular values are removal coefficients for aerosol elemental iodine and organic iodine in units of fraction per hour m Compartment Features Sprays x Compartment 1 Sprayed Region Reset Removal Coefficients 1 hour OK Time h Aerosol Elemental Organic poo EE poco poene _ C eu wm 0 a M Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Removal coefficients must be non negative numbers 15 NUREG CR 6604 Access On the Compartments form check the Sprays feature to bring forward the sprays tabbed folder Then click the enabled User Defined Coefficients button to pop up this form Powers Aerosol Model Acceptance case Test24a is illustrated here This form contains spray flux in cubic feet per minute per square foot and height of the spray in meters Other required parameters are the fraction of the volume that is sprayed and the percentile Selectin
49. or Control Room Dose Locations with Unused as part of their name case insensitive will not be saved to a file Dose Location Name hyis Dose focation Z In Compartment Previnus Mext Heset BR Defaults OK C EAB or LPZ gontrol Boom AU Breathing Occupancy Time h s cu m Time h rate cu m s Time h Factar CR 000 00 000 00 00 000 00 00 00 00 e C a M 000 D 000 00 Tables with a time value in hours followed by one or more values are used throughout the RADTRAD interface The rules for these tables are consistent The first time value is always 0 0000 and cannot be modified Tabulated values are treated as piecewise constants Thus the value to the right of 0 0000 is in effect until the second value of time is reached At that time the value to the right of this time takes effect There is no interpolation of the tabular values If only one value is entered at time zero it remains in effect throughout the calculation If the second time in the table is the final time of the calculation often 720 hours then the value to the right of this time is inconsequential 11 NUREG CR 6604 1 2 5 The Source Term and Dose Conversion Factors Form Required inputs on this form are NIF File nuclide inventory file RFT File release fraction and timing file and DCF
50. s must be entered in ascending order Leakage rates must be non negative Access On the Pathways form choose the Air Leakage mechanism On the Air Leakage tabbed folder click Edit Rates to pop up this form Pathway Transfer Mechanisms Air Leakage Pathway 3 Sprayed to Environment Reset Air Leakage Rates percent day OK Time h eakage Rate 1 2 4 5 5 Fi 8 9 1 2 15 NUREG CR 6604 28 Data Entry for Transfer Mechanisms Suppression Pool Edit Selected Models There are no acceptance cases that use this model Input values are flow rate in cubic feet per minute and decontamination factors which are dimensionless Edits Time values must be entered in ascending order Decontamination Factors must be greater than or equal to 1 Access On the Pathways form choose the Suppression Pool mechanism On the suppression Pool tabbed folder check the models for which you want to enter data Click Edit Selected Models to pop up this form In this case the user selected all three models i e Aerosol Elemental 1 and Organic m Pathway Transfer Mechanisms Suppression Pool Pathway 1 Sprayed to Unsprayed Reset Decontamination Factors dimensionless m Time h Flow Hate cfm Aerosol Elemental Organic So C C M 29 NUREG CR 6604 2 RADTRAD Input File 2 1 Saving the Input File After the input to the main form has been entered via the Compartment
51. s simplified to the single step of calculating radionuclide transport During the course of its numerical integration the code keeps track of the quantity of each nuclide at each location Locations include not only compartment volumes but surfaces pools and filters as well By tracking the radionuclides in this manner conservation of mass can be verified NUREG CR 6604 46 3 2 Transport Calculations The present application is known as an initial value problem for the solution of ODEs Because of the assumptions used in RADTRAD the ODEs are coupled but linear with constant coefficients Numerical solution of the transport equations is accomplished with an algorithm taken from the ASH code which was developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory This algorithm is essentially identical to the one described by Birchall and James 1989 The solution is constructed as a Taylor series expansion the series is truncated when the estimated relative error is less than 10 One advantage of this approach is its capacity to treat large time intervals The key assumption is that there is no change in any phenomenon during a time step i e that the coefficients in the ODEs are constant Without this assumption the ASH method would not apply In order to accommodate this assumption the code synchronizes time steps with the user supplied phenomena in order to capture changes in the coefficients Other advantages of this approach are that it is very f
52. second These two are on one line for M lines End of user specified aerosol decontamination factors Natural Deposition Aerosol Henry model The next two lines is present only if the Henry model is used deposit aerosol model N 2 deposit aerosol count N CO 1x i3 1 10 number of time for which height partial density provided M this count N this compartment number deposit aerosol time N 1 M CO units hours deposit height N 1 M CO 3 1x e12 4 units meters deposit part density N 1 M CO units grams cc These three are on one line for M lines NUREG CR 6604 38 End of the Henry deposition model Natural Deposition Aerosol Powers model The next two lines is present only if the Powers deposition model is used deposit aerosol model N 3 deposit aerosol reactor CO 1x i3 1 PWR DBA 2 PWR SA 3 BWR DBA 4 BWR SA 5 APWR DBA deposit aerosol percentile CO 1x e12 4 10 0 10th percentile model 50 0 50th percentile model 90 0 goth percentile model End of Powers deposition model Natural Deposition Elemental I Removal coefficients deposit_elemental_model N CO 1x 13 0 no elemental iodine removal 1 elemental iodine removal The next two lines are present only if there is elemental iodine removal deposit_elemental_model N 1 deposit elemental count N CO 1x i3 1 10 number of elemental iodine removal coefficients M this count N this compartment number deposit e
53. sf etc After the file is read and closed its name and a derived unique filename for RADTRAD output are displayed in the status bars at the bottom of the main RADTRAD form Recommended Set full paths for the defaults files as follows Open the Source Term form by clicking on the button labeled Source Term and DCF For each of the NUREG CR 6604 4 required defaults files Nuclide Inventory Release Fractions and Timing and Dose Conversion Factors click on the appropriate folder tab and then on the Browse button to select the same reference file named in the textbox This will change the name in the textbox which was read from the acceptance case test file to a full path with drive letter When the user clicks Calculate step 5 there is a prompt to save input Changing these paths will only take effect if the file is saved 4 To save input click Save RADTRAD Input in the File menu or click the icon in the toolbar If the file is read only the user will have to rename the file to be saved Existing files with write permission will generate a warning and a choice to replace the existing file or to rename the file about to be saved It is important to realize that the RADTRAD calculation will use input from the file on disk not from the data on the forms 5 Optional Click the button labeled Control Calc Options to add a title or change the output filename This button also allows supplemental time steps to be entered as described
54. sprays model Sprays Elemental lodine Removal coefficients sprays elemental model N 1x i3 0 no elemental iodine removal 1 elemental iodine removal The next three lines are present only if elemental removal coefficients are used sprays elemental model N 1 Fresh water fraction 1 12 4 Not used Placeholder required sprays elemental count N 1x i3 1 10 number of removal coefficients M this count N this compartment number sprays elemental time N 1 M CO units hours NUREG CR 6604 36 sprays elemental N 1 M CO End of elemental iodine removal coefficients Sprays Organic lodine Removal coefficients sprays organic model N CO 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two are on one line for M lines 1x i3 0 no organic iodine removal 1 organic iodine removal The next three lines are present only if organic iodine removal coefficients are used sprays organic model N 1 Fresh water fraction 1 12 4 sprays organic count N 1x i3 sprays organic time N 1 M CO sprays organic N 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 End of organic iodine removal coefficients sump volatilization count N 1x i3 Compartments Recirculating filter format C filter eff model N CO 1x i3 Not used Placeholder required 1 10 number of removal coefficients M this count N this compartment number units hours valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two are on one line with M lines 0 no
55. t commands described below On the pathway and dose location forms clicking Reset also updates the dropdown menus of compartment names in case new compartments have been created since the form was first displayed Be aware however that the data on the form that were last saved will also be restored and any unsaved changes will be lost The Previous and Next Commands Most data entry is controlled from the three forms labeled Compartments Transfer Pathways and Dose Locations These forms have under their titles a horizontal scrollbar and the words Previous and Next at either end as shown for the Compartments form Click Previous to go to the previous compartment pathway or dose location The Previous command is ignored when the current entry is the first one Click Next to go to the next compartment pathway or dose location The Next command is ignored at the maximum values of 10 compartments 25 pathways or 10 dose locations Another way to move among compartments pathways and dose locations is to drag the horizontal scrollbar using the left button of the mouse Any data that have been entered on a form are automatically saved when another compartment is entered Thus the user must click Reset before moving to another compartment if he does not wish to save the data that he just entered As with the OK button edits are performed on the current data before moving to the next compartment 9 NUREG CR 6604 If any errors in th
56. tors These lines are included only if user specified decontamination factors are used op elemental model 1 op elemental count 1x i3 1 10 number of decontamination factors M count op elemental time 1 M CO units hours op elemental df 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two are on one line with M lines End of user specified decontamination factors NUREG CR 6604 34 Overlying Pool Organic lodine User defined decontamination factors op organic model CO 1x i3 0 no organic iodine removal 1 user specified decontamination factors These lines are included only if user specified decontamination factors are used op organic model 1 op organic count 1x i3 1 10 number of decontamination factors M count op organic time 1 M CO units hours op organic df 1 M CO 2 1x e12 4 valid range 0 0 to 1 0 These two are on one line with M lines End of user specified decontamination factors op volatilization model 1x i3 0 no iodine volatilization Not used Placeholder zero is always present Compartments 1x a13 number of compartments 1x i3 The number of compartments specified in the plant section of the file Compartment n 1 12 3 1 This line is not used compartment detail N CO 1x i3 0 7 no detail output printed 1 7 detail output printed compartment decay N ST 1x i3 0 no decay chain processing 1 decay chain processing Compartments Sprays format sprays
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