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surveys section field procedure manual

1. 1I ey CO 1 2 THE WATERSHED MONITORING PROGRAM 1 3 THE FIXED STATION MONITORING PROGRAM 1 4 THE SPECIAL PROJECTS 1 5 THE DATA ADMINISTRATION GROUP PROGRAM eeeees ee eo sesso soto osten setae seta setae stans eene seen sete 2 0 PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES 8 2 1 SAMPLING PROCEDURES sssssssssssssscssssnessesenssscenesenenenencnenenensnsesessseseseseseseseecseeseseneseneneaeaenenenseseseseseaeaeaeaeseseseees 8 ZL ADS GONG 8 2 1 2 Sampling Location es io 10 2 13 Sampline Metlods e tU EE Ru eR Eae ede E EE 10 2 1 3 1 Manual Sampling Procedures 2 1 3 1 1 Bridge Sampling Procedures 2 1 3 1 2 In Stream Sampling Procedures 2 1 4 Sample Rr e 24 1 Vials 45 uoto eb E AS 2 1 5 Delivering Samples to the Laboratory eese eene nente tenerent terne tenente nne 2 1 6 Duties to Perform Upon Return to Office 2 1 7 Chain of Custody Procedures Deeded VInttoductionsniEc ot ocak ia LAN det oak Mi em iA AE MP MES EC P 2 17 3 ceo teer E ede gesto
2. 2 11 THE HYDROLAB H20 MULTIPROBE SYSTEM 2 11 1 INTRODUCTION The Hydrolab H20 multiparameter sensor unit allows for a real time readout of dissolved oxygen pH temperature specific conductance depth total dissolved solids and turbidity The unit is compact in size and helps eliminate the need to carry multiple pieces of equipment and reagent chemicals 2 11 1 1 Components of the Hydrolab H20 System There are 6 different components that should be utilized in most deployments of the Hydrolab H20 unit 1 Nn BW The H20 Transmitter sonde The Scout 2 display unit Rechargeable battery pack Stirrer Unit Cable various lengths PVC tube Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 68 of 86 2 11 1 2 Assembly of the H20 Unit 1 At the first site take the H20 sonde out of the carrying case and remove the storage cup 2 Note The assembly might take place in the equipment room before departure Screw the stirrer unit clockwise onto the sonde until tight Note on units 4 5 8 9 10 and 11 pay special attention to the web of the sensor guard to make sure the turbidity sensor has a clear line of sight That is make sure that one of the sensor guard webs lines up just below the U shaped turbidity sensor as the sonde is held horizontally Remove pin from the V shaped metal handle from top of sonde and line up eye hook from the connector cables and reinsert pin Conn
3. Personnel of the Office of Water Quality also measure stream flow using four types of current meters These are the Price AA and the Marsh McBirney Models 201 201D and 2000 meters The proper way to measure flow in a stream and the operation of each of these meters is discussed below Please consult the appropriate flow meter manuals for an in depth discussion of meter operation 2 6 5 1 Price Current Velocity Meter This instrument consists of a cup type bucket wheel which rotates in flowing water and a device for determining the number of revolutions As the bucket wheel rotates an electrical contact is closed on either a single contact cam or a penta gear If a headset or counter is attached along with a battery series a signal is produced each time the bucket wheel completes a revolution If the headset is connected to the penta contact post a signal is produced once every five revolutions The penta contact is very useful in fast water The velocity at the point of the current meter is measured by counting the number of signals revolutions in a specified time interval Thus a standard piece of equipment accompanying the use of a current meter is a stopwatch Each meter is calibrated by the supplier and an equation for the relationship between velocity and revolutions per unit time Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 45 of 86 derived For most Price meters the meter is supplied with a rating table which s
4. HYDROLAB H20 SYSTEM CALIBRATION PROCEDURES Note Calibration procedures are listed in the order that they should be conducted 2 11 7 1 Dissolved Oxygen Air Calibration Note It easier to calibrate the D O using air calibration than a Winkler It has also been found that the calibration results are the same no matter which procedure is used Better repeatability is achieved with the air calibration method It is recommended that air calibration be used for most calibration events 1 With the transmitter oriented so that the sensors are pointed toward the ceiling pull the white D O sensor guard off of the sensor housing and gently remove any water droplets from the membrane Screw on the calibration cup and fill with tap water until the water is just level with Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 75 of 86 the small black o ring that is used to secure the membrane and making sure not to get the membrane wet Any water that gets on the membrane can be removed with the corner of a paper towel Turn the blue or black rubber calibration cover upside down concave up and lay it over the top of the calibration cup Turn on the Scout 2 display unit and wait until the D O reading stabilizes Get the current barometric pressure from a calibrated barometer or the local weather service or call the weather line at 635 5959 First you must convert this pressure reading from inches of mercury to millimeters
5. In order to use this option a primary flow measuring device which is compatible with an ISCO flow meter must be located near the sampling site It is also recommended that this set up be employed only where a power source is available If it is necessary to use battery power install a battery on both the flow meter and the sampler When using power packs the flow meter can be powered by the power pack on the sampler In addition to the flow meter and sampler the six 6 prong connector cable is required to complete the set up If it is desired to run two samplers off the same flow meter the splitter cable must be used The Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 26 of 86 splitter cable is connected to the flow meter and then the connector cables are fitted to the samplers Each of the samplers can then be programmed as desired It is not necessary to program both samplers in the same way Prior to programming the samplers a reliable estimate of the anticipated volume of flow for the survey period is required This estimate can be obtained from plant Monthly Reports of Operations MRO if the facility meter is considered reliable It is usually advantageous to estimate a little low on the flow volume This will result in a larger aliquot being taken whereas a high estimate may result in an insufficient volume of the sample 2 4 3 1 Programming Samplers with Flow Meters for Sequential Flow The object of sequential flo
6. Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 44 of 86 have the responsibility to make sure that you do Relate verbally any equipment problems you might have had to the person in charge of that equipment and notate this problem in the log 2 Check desiccant for dryness Do not forget their intakes change if necessary check bubbler rod and line to make sure they are clear check pen and paper 3 Check all bubbler rods make sure they are clear and free of cracks 2 6 4 2 Calibration of Isco Flow Meters The calibrations of the ISCO flow meters are performed in the field and in the laboratory Surveys section staff can check the calibration in the field by timing with a stop watch the totalizer counter which is measured in gallons per second Also the electronic readings can be checked for accuracy by comparing the readings to a discharge table When a discrepancy occurs the flow meter is then set up in the laboratory and run under controlled conditions The method of calibration in the laboratory is to set the flow meter in a constant amount of water with the meter set for a certain primary device The meter is allowed to run for 24 hours and then the totalizer is compared to the discharge table for the level and primary device programmed into the meter If the percent difference is greater than one or two percent the flow meter is sent back to the manufacturer 2 6 5 MEASURING STREAM FLOW USING CURRENT VELOCITY METERS
7. ccsesescccccecsesessececcececesensecececccsesessaaeeeeeceeceessaeeeeeeeeeeeas 27 TABLE 2 5 PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS FOR ISCO MODEL 2700 AUTOMATIC SAMPLER center 28 TABLE 2 6 TIME OF TRAVEL APPROXIMATION ssessccccccecsesssecececceseseseaesecececsesaaeseeeceecessausseeececeeseaaeeesececeensensaeeeeeees 52 TABLE 2 7 FLUOROMETER SETTINGS cssessscccccecsessaecececcessnseaececececsesaaececececseseaaeaecececeeseeaeceeceseseseaaeceeececsessaeeeeeeeees 53 TABLE 2 8 STREAM REACH STUDY MINIMUM DATA REQUIREMENTS 56 TABLE 2 9 MAIN SCREEN PARAMETERS OF THE SCOUT 2 DISPLAY 69 TABLE 2 10 HYDROLAB OPERATIONAL PARAMETERG cscsessscecececeesensesesececeesescaesecececseaueseeccecseseauscecececsenentaaeeeeeees 73 TABLE 3 1 ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR SURVEYS SECTION FIELD DATA QA QC CHECKS 81 TABLE 3 2 QUALITY ASSESSMENT LEVELS FOR FIELD 83 List of Figures FIGURE 2 2 STYLIZED CROSS SECTION OF STREAM DEMONSTRATING FLOW MEASUREMENT ecce 49 FIGURE 2 3 EXAMPLE OF TIME OF TRAVEL WORKSHEET 54 FIGURE 2 4 TIME OF TRAVEL FIELD 5 55 FIGURE 2 5 STREAM SAMPLING FIELD DATA SHEET 71 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 7 of 86 1 0 OVERVIEW 1 1 INTRODUCTION The Surveys Section is part of the Water Quality Assessment Branch of the Office of Water Quality Th
8. June 2002 Page 84 of 86 3 5 MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION LOG BOOKS Log books should be maintained for all field equipment used by the Surveys Section All calibration and maintenance activities should be recorded in their respective equipment logs Please be sure to initial and date each entry of the log book REFERENCES 4 1 GENERAL REFERENCES American Public Health Association American Water Works Association and the Water Environment Federation 1998 Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Twentieth Edition Washington D C Bowren Timothy and Ghiasuddin Syed 1999 Quality Assurance Project Plan for Indiana Surface Water Quality Monitoring Programs Revision 2 Indiana Department of Environmental Management IDEM 32 01 1442 1999 Butts Thomas A and Ralph L Evans 1978 Sediment Oxygen Demand Studies of Selected Northeastern Illinois Stream Circular 129 Illinois State Water Survey GhiasUddin S M Ratcliff B L and Boswell S H 2000 Determination of Trace Metals in Ambient Waters at Water Quality Criteria Levels Using Ultra Clean Techniques Proceedings of the 21 Annual Water Resources Symposium June 14 16 2000 Mitchell Indiana Indiana Water Resources Association Grant Douglas M and Dawson Brian D 1995 Fourth Edition ISCO Open Channel Flow Measurement Handbook ISCO Environmental Division Lincoln Nebraska Kilpatrick F A and Wilson J F 1989 Measurement of Ti
9. LIGHT ON DISPLAY 1 Press ON key This places the sampler 1 None 1 Depending upon mode previously programmed into the standby state rotates between four dashes and the bottle number 01 or shows the dashes only If sampling program previously completed rotates between four dashes and FULL 2 Press PROGRAM STEP PROGRAM 2 MODE 2 Previously programmed mode 3 key This places the sampler into the program state 3 Enter on the numeric keypad Mode 2 3 MODE 3 527 SEQ FLOW 4 Press ENTER VALUE key qoa 5 Press PROGRAM STEP PROGRAM key 5 INTERVAL BETWEEN SAMPLES 6 INTERVAL BETWEEN SAMPLES 6 Enter on the numeric keypad the desired interval between samples in flow pulses up to 9999 flow pulses For example assume it is desired to collect samples at 100 000 gallon intervals and each flow pulse represents 20 000 gallons enter 5 100 000 20 000 5 on the numeric keypad 7 Press ENTER VALUE key 7 INTERVAL BETWEEN SAMPLES See attached addendum sheet regarding delay to first sample 8 Press PROGRAM STEP PROGRAM 8 NOMINAL key SAMPLE VOLUME 9 Enter on the numeric keypad the desired 9 NOMINAL nominal sample volume in 10 s of milliliters to a maximum of 99 For example assume that it is desired to collect samples with a volume of 750 ml enter 75 on the numeric keypad 10 Press ENTER VALUE key SAMPLE VOLUME 10 NOMINAL 1 Previously programmed in
10. UV lamp 2 Incubators Quanti tray Sealer Thermometers CLEAN Ropes in ZIPLOCK bags 4 medium COOLERS 2 FOR BOTTLE STORAGE 1 W ICE 1 for dilution water 2 TOTES 1 To Store CLEAN Sampler 1 To Take on BRIDGES STAINLESS STEEL BUCKET PLASTIC BUCKET WITH ROPE SAMPLER AND SPARE SAMPLER INDIVIDUALS SAFETY GEAR HYDROLAB SMALL RED COOLER DO KIT pH METER Turbidity meter Date June 2002 Page 23 of 86 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 24 of 86 2 4 ISCO AUTOMATIC SAMPLER PROCEDURES 2 4 1 GENERAL Currently four types of ISCO samplers are being used by the Surveys section They are models 2700 2900 3700 and 6000 The primary difference in these models is size and sample capacity The 2700 and 3700 models are the larger samplers and each contain 24 plastic bottles of 1000 mL capacity The 2900 model is a smaller sampler with each of its 24 bottles having a 500 mL capacity The ISCO model 6000 is used for collecting volatile organic compounds VOCs and utilizes 40 mL vials for collection of samples All four of these samplers function by means of peristaltic pumps and can be operated by means of a Nickel Cadmium battery pack or by an external direct current source The samplers incorporate sealed control boxes with electronic keypads for easy programming The programming capabilities of each model allow for numerous sampling possibilities The operating instructions are listed in condensed form on the t
11. Wait 30 seconds and then push CON again to accept the buffer Press the CAL key Calibrate will be displayed above the main field After the current calibration slope is displayed will be displayed in the lower field P1 indicates the meter is ready to accept the first buffer point Make sure the electrode is in the correct buffer When the electrode is stable the meter will beep and READY will be displayed along with the temperature corrected value for the buffer Flashing Press the YES key to accept this point The display will remain fixed momentarily then P2 will be displayed in the lower field The meter is now ready for the second buffer Rinse the electrode and place it in the second buffer 10 0 Wait for a stable pH reading the meter will beep and for READY to be displayed Press the YES key to accept the second point The screen will display P3 in the lower field Press the MODE key to end the calibration 2 10 2 2 1 Operation 1 2 3 4 Connect the pH electrode to the meter Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean Press I O key to turn meter on Place the electrode in the sample and wait for a stable pH reading the meter will beep and for READY to be displayed Record the concentration directly from the upper meter display Temperature is displayed in the lower field 2 10 2 2 2 Additional Notes l Disconnect pH electrode cable from the meter before closing the c
12. flow sufficiently to flush out the respirometer when it is lifted from the bottom it may be necessary to pull the respirometer to the surface and flush it out before lowering it again to the bottom 19 The respirometer is cleaned of any mud or sediment and the DO meter turned off The probe is detached from the stirrer and the membrane inspected for bubbles or leaks Place the protective cover on the DO probe 2 10 FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES 2 10 1 TURBIDITY The Surveys section currently has the capability of analyzing turbidity either by a Hydrolab multiprobe or a separate portable turbidimeter The instructions for operating a Hydrolab multiprobe are discussed later in this document The operation of a Hach turbidimeter is discussed below 2 10 1 1 Instructions for Use of Hach Portable Turbidimeter Model 2100P Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 59 of 86 The Hach Portable Turbidimeter allows for real time reading of turbidity in Nephelometric Turbidity Units NTU 2 10 1 1 1 Turbidimeter Operation 1 Collect a well mixed and representative sample into a sample vial and fill to the line 2 Wipe the cell with a soft lint free cloth to remove water spots and fingerprints Apply a thin film of silicon oil on outside of vial if necessary 3 Press I O The instrument will turn on Place the instrument on a flat sturdy surface Do not hold the instrument while making measurements 4 Put the
13. or 4 00 for acid waters 2 10 2 3 1 Operation 1 Connect the pH electrode and the temperature probe to the meter 2 Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean and hydrated 3 Press the ON OFF key to power up the meter 4 Place the electrode and temperature probe in the sample and wait for a stable pH reading 5 Record the pH and temperature value from the meter display Pressing the MODE INC Key will toggle between the pH mV Temperature readings 2 10 2 3 2 Additional Notes 1 Disconnect the pH sensor and temperature electrode from meter after use This will prevent damage to the cables when closing the carrying case 2 Always keep sensor bulb moist with KCL After use always put the pH sensor tip back into the storage cap filled with KCL If KCL storage solution is not available use tap water or pH 4 0 buffer Do not use Distilled water 3 Unstable pH readings usually indicate that the pH electrode should be replaced 2 10 3 MEASUREMENT OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN DO Personnel of the Surveys section often make measurements of the dissolved oxygen concentration in bodies of water they are surveying or studying These measurements are made either using the Winkler iodometric titration test method or a Hydrolab multiprobe The Winkler Method is discussed in detail below The instructions for operating a Hydrolab multiprobe are discussed later in this document Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1
14. 12 until all samples have been collected Return to vehicle with tote and equipment Put on safety glasses Preserve all samples and properly dispose of preservative vials Rinse sampling equipment with deionized water including sampling device bottles and the rope if it was immersed during sample collection Place sample collection bottles into cooler with ice Detach sampling device from rope Put rope in storage bag or carrying tote Place clean sampling device into transportation container Discard gloves and close vehicle Proceed to next site At last site make sure samples are well iced to ensure proper preservation Return to station Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 12 of 86 2 1 3 1 2 In Stream Sampling Procedures 1 Put on new non talc sampling gloves 2 Obtain bottles to be used at site Label bottle if necessary with the date site number IDEM sample number AA number and parameter abbreviation G C Nx Metals Blank etc Place bottles in carrying tote 3 Put on Personal Floatation Device per Safety Manual Approach sampling site and wade into stream at a location downstream of the site in order to not stir up the stream bed sediments 5 While facing upstream remove bottle cap and insert the bottle directly into the stream just below the surface making sure to fill the bottles up to one inch below the opening 6 Re cap the sample bottle and repeat as necessary until all
15. 3 3 3 Flumes 2 6 4 Maintenance and Calibration of ISCO Flow Meter Equipment 2 04 reete nera epe RIO ORE OT ar IRE PRSETER 2 6 42 Calibration of Isco Flow Meters ttt tente teer re e eoe te He fee eR Ee paco tbe edet 2 6 5 Measuring Stream Flow Using Current Velocity Meters eese nennen 2 69 15 Price Curent Velocity Metera etr ete 2 6 5 2 Marsh McBirney Model 201 201D and 2000 Current Meters 2 6 5 2 T ODETAlon s crine esto bo thin Sets uude b nius colto ics ids 2 6 5 2 2 Maintenance and 2 6 5 3 Measuring Flow From a Bridge with a USGS Type A Crane 3 6 5 3 1 Procedures n urs Lr teet beer teres 2 6 5 3 2 Problems Affecting Flow Measurement From Bridges 2 6 5 4 Measuring Stream Flow essent ener nennen nenne teen trennen enitn 2 6 5 4 1 Gerieral 2 6 5 4 2 Selecting the Best Cross Section of a Stream for In stream Flow Measurement 2 6 5 4 3 General Operation of Current Velocity Meter with Top Setting 2 7 MEASUREMENT OF TIME OF TRAVEL T O T ecce eene eere ee esee enne eee seen aset seen estes eese tone ea 50 2 7 1 Introduction Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 5 of 86 2 7 2 Measurement Procedures cccc
16. 3 minutes but no longer than 6 minutes During this period proceed with step 8 12 8 Filla 10 mL cell to the 10 mL line with sample the blank and cap Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 67 of 86 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Remove the instrument cap Note For best results zero the instrument and read the sample under the same lighting conditions Place the blank in the cell holder making sure the diamond mark faces the front of the instrument Cover the cell with instrument cap Flat side should face the back of the instrument Be sure it fits tightly against the instrument Press ZERO The instrument will turn on and the display will show followed by 0 00 Note The instrument automatically shuts off after 1 minute If this occurs the last zero is stored in memory Press READ to turn the instrument on and complete sample analysis Remove the cell from the cell holder Within 3 minutes after the 3 minute period place the prepared sample in the cell holder Cover the cell with the instrument cap Press READ The instrument will show followed by the results in mg L total chlorine Note If the sample temporarily turns yellow after reagent addition or shows over range flashing 2 20 in display dilute a fresh sample and repeat the test A slight loss of chlorine may occur because of the dilution Multiply the result by the appropriate dilution factor
17. 4 On Site Sample Collection iiie dete rd tit Ib eere dei o d retain 33 2 5 4 1 Automatic Sampler Set Up for Compositing Samples essere 33 2 5 4 2 Collection of Volatile Organic Samples sessi enne netten rennen enne 33 2 5 4 3 Collection of Sludge and Sediment 34 2 5 4 4 Collection of Metals Mercury and Cyanide Samples essent reete 35 2 9 DAS PUL Sampling Methods eatis e a tr HEU AER 36 2 5 6 Transport and Storage of 36 PAM uT 36 2 6 1 Introd ction MH R Y 36 2 6 2 Primary Flow Devices Commonly Used for Measuring Flow in Wastewater Treatment Facilities 36 pov MER Ete 36 2 622 Weir Design Requiremehts oreet exe Oe e heri 37 2 6 2 3 Flumes 2 6 2 3 T Flume Design Requirements ree ere RR ERR bec e Ra itr ele c e P P en 39 2 0 21SCOVFlOWPMetr ien eere Ue bere ideo qu cd ota its a Us oon eons aspis 39 2 6 3 1 Instructions for ISCO Flow Rate Measurement Model 2870 sese 39 2 6 3 2 Instructions for ISCO Flow Rate Measurement Model 3230 sse 41 2 6 3 3 Programming Flow Equations With the ISCO Model 3230 Flow Meter 2 6 3 3 1 W CUTS EET 2 6 3 3 2 Example rr aaa WERE ERRARE EE URS 2 6
18. 4 Turbidity 2 11 7 Hydrolab H20 System Calibration Procedures 2 11 7 1 Dissolved Oxygen Air Calibr tion d ttr eee tre e RE HE DUE MH unen MIL ME DR c E M M AME M EM 906 2 11 7 3 Specific Conductance 2 2 11 8 Hydrolab Maintenance 77 2 12 THEHYDROLAB MINISONDE MULTIPROBE SYSTEM Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 6 of 86 2 I2 Tintroductioniczat i 78 2 12 1 1 Components of the Hydrolab Minisonde 78 2 12 1 2 Assembly of the Minisonde Unit 78 2 12 1 3 The Surveyor 4 Display Functions eregu iinn nenik E ERE TE AARAA ON EA 79 2 12 2 Hydrolab Minisonde System Calibration 79 243 THE HYDROLAB DATASONDE t casssstvessistavccscitccaustesatiseiatclotizentntbeossin ia in AA ea 79 2 13 1 Introduction dat 79 2 13 2 Procedures for Deployment of 5 4 60 3 0 QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE esseseesseseoseseossesessossesseosoesessossesossessossesoesssssessossesoes 80 RENE UPTUP 80 RPASORRUNUUDTORSUUr 80 3 3 COLLECTION OF MATRIX SPIKES
19. 86 2 1 5 DELIVERING SAMPLES TO THE LABORATORY 1 2 3 4 AYN Never assume that the laboratory personnel know anything about the samples Always wear clean gloves when handling sample bottles Set up bottles in sequential IDEM sample number Make sure all bottles are labeled properly and put laboratory labels with preservative identification on bottles Ensure field sheets laboratory sheets and chain of custody COC forms are properly filled out and signed Secure a photocopy of the chain of custody form after it is signed Return to station 1 6 DUTIES TO PERFORM UPON RETURN TO OFFICE Unload all equipment from vehicle Remove all trash from vehicle and clean the interior Wipe down the interior with a damp cloth if it is dusty or dirty Wash all equipment that will not fit into washer by hand and allow to air dry Empty and clean all used coolers immediately upon return Wash smaller equipment in the washer sampling device plastic sampling tote plastic bucket rope etc Place clean and dried sampling rope into ziplock bags and put other clean equipment back on equipment room shelf Report any equipment or vehicle problems to supervisor and to person in charge of that specific equipment See Page 9 of this manual for the equipment contact person 2 1 7 CHAIN OF CUSTODY PROCEDURES 2 1 7 1 Introduction The procedures and definitions described below shall be used to maintain data validity and
20. A battery headphone and stopwatch are used to monitor the revolutions of the meter To determine points of measurement from a bridge the same criteria as those used when wading are applied 3 6 5 3 1 Procedures 1 Inspect bridge excessive debris in the channel will lessen accuracy of measurement Clear path for crane 3 Measure and mark bridge usually on railing where vertical measurements will be made 4 Assemble crane and attach meter weight headphone and battery Make spin test When attaching meter and weight see procedure 6 to help determine distance between the two 5 Begin measurement by leaning crane against bridge railing at first vertical Zero the counter computing depth indicator on reel This is accomplished by lowering the AA meter until the horizontal tailpiece touches the water Then pull out on small crank handle on the counter and adjust to 0 starting point Push in handle to set 7 Continue to lower the meter until the C type weight touches bottom The value Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 48 of 86 on the reel counter is the actual depth not counting the distance between the bottom of the C weight and the mid point horizontal tailpiece of the meter The hanger bar on which the C weight and AA meter are suspended has various holes in order to adjust the distance between the two depending on the size of the weight The distance between the weight and mid point must be
21. Page 8 of 86 The program was developed to determine chemical physical bacteriological and biological characteristics of Indiana water under changing conditions The information has been used in determining background data for certain types of pollutants such as chlorides and phosphorous in the development of wasteload allocations and NPDES permits for wastewater treatment plants for other municipal industrial agricultural and recreational uses for future pollution abatement activities such as review of non point pollution sources and in procuring data to secure public action toward the preservation of streams for all beneficial uses The fixed station network was established in 1957 and currently samples 160 stations throughout the state on a monthly basis The Indiana State Department of Health SDH Water Quality Laboratory performs sample analyses 1 4 THE SPECIAL PROJECTS PROGRAM This group s activities include the Pesticide Monitoring Program the E coli Monitoring Program and other various specialized water quality monitoring projects These special projects include but are not limited to Wasteload Allocation WLA studies stream reach studies and site specific monitoring in support of the NPDES permitting program 1 5 THE DATA ADMINISTRATION GROUP PROGRAM The Data Administration group is responsible for the development of reports and dissemination of information collected by the Surveys section The Data Administrati
22. The time from sample collection to initiation of analysis for total coliforms and fecal coliforms in source water and heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water must not exceed six hours 2 3 1 6 Chain of Custody Sample collectors and laboratories must follow applicable Field Procedure Manual requirements pertaining to chain of custody Even if custody is never transferred a chain of custody form shall be filled out and filed as part of the data set 2 3 1 7 Laboratory Facilities Laboratory facilities should be clean temperature and humidity controlled and have adequate lighting at benches There will be provisions for disposal of microbiological waste Laboratory facilities should have sufficient bench top area for processing samples storage space for media glassware and portable equipment and floor space for stationary equipment such as incubators water baths refrigerators etc 2 3 1 8 Temperature Monitoring Devices Glass dial or electronic thermometers must be graduated in 0 5 C increments or less The fluid column in glass thermometers should not be separated Dial thermometers that cannot be calibrated should not be used Calibrations of glass and electronic thermometers should be checked annually and dial thermometers quarterly at the temperature used against a Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 20 of 86 reference National Institute of Standards and Technology formerly National Bureau of S
23. These two meters measure the liquid level in the primary device using a bubbler system and electronically converts the level into a corresponding flow rate Flow rate is permanently recorded on an integral strip chart recorder and total flow is continuously displayed on a totalizer Alternately liquid level only may be recorded 2 6 3 1 Instructions for ISCO Flow Rate Measurement Model 2870 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 40 of 86 Refer to the ISCO Instruction Manual Model 2870 for additional operating instructions 1 10 11 12 13 Turn the POWER switch off and remove the Primary Device characterization Module from the flow meter Select Device No on the module s DEVICE NO switch This corresponds to the device cell containing level flow rate information for the primary device being used a 6 inch Palmer Bowlus flume Then set a value of 5 16 1 on the module SCALING CONSTANT switches This is the scientific notation of the flow rate 0 516 cubic feet per second through a 6 inch Palmer Bowlus flume at a 0 469 ft head expressed in the desired volumetric units of cubic feet The setting establishes the volumetric units of the system as cubic feet and also establish a multiplying factor of 0 1 10 1 for the TOTAL FLOW counter and the SAMPLER INITIATION SIGNAL switch Reinstall the module in the flow meter Place the POWER switch in the ON position For highest accuracy allow the flow mete
24. average the readings To set the sensor at 0 2 depth multiply water depth by 2 and set this value as describe above To set the sensor at 0 8 depth divide the depth by 2 and set this value as described above 2 7 MEASUREMENT OF TIME OF TRAVEL T O T 2 7 1 INTRODUCTION Time of travel can be defined as the calculation of the average velocity of a flowing waterbody over a given reach or distance of its length The Surveys section conducts time of travel T O T measurements primarily in order to provide data to the Office of Water Quality Modeling Section for wasteload allocation calculations that are ultimately the basis of the NPDES permits When the streams that are being modeled vary widely in topography so as to affect the flow with pools and riffles it becomes especially beneficial to supplement the hydrologic and geometric data with T O T data using dye tracer techniques Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 51 of 86 Rhodamine WT 20 is injected as the tracer Measurements based on time are made using a fluorometer to identify concentrations at various points along the studied stream reach 2 7 2 T O T MEASUREMENT PROCEDURES In preparing and executing a T O T measurement the steps below should be followed 1 Obtain maps and facility information of the area under study Perform a reconnaissance and determine when where how and how much dye will be injected When where and how will be deter
25. be checked before use with positive and negative culture controls In addition each batch of laboratory prepared medium should include positive and negative culture controls These control organisms can be stock cultures periodically checked for purity or commercially available disks impregnated with the organism Results should be recorded These media must not be prepared from basic ingredients but rather purchased from a commercially available source The media must be protected from light Some lots of fluorogenic media have been known to autofluoresce Therefore each lot of medium should be checked before use with a 366 nm ultraviolet light with a 6 watt bulb If the media exhibit faint fluorescence the laboratory should use another lot that does not fluoresce If the samples plus a medium exhibit a color change before incubation it should be discarded and another batch of medium used For each lot of medium a quality control check must be performed by inoculating sterile water containing the medium with a MUG positive E coli strain a MUG negative coliforms and a non coliforms and analyzing them 2 3 2 2 Use of Quanti tray 2000 Laboratories may also use Quanti Tray test or Quanti Tray 2000 test for drinking water and source waters Both tests use the Colilert medium If the Quanti Tray or Quanti Tray 2000 test is used the sealer should be checked monthly by adding a dye e g bromcresol purple to the water If dye is observed o
26. collected by Surveys Section personnel 3 4 1 CONTROL LIMITS FOR FIELD DATA QUALITY ASSURANCE QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS The following table list control limits for dissolved oxygen and pH as promulgated from the Surveys Section field data QA QC checks for the years 1999 through 2001 Table 3 1 Acceptance Criteria for Surveys Section Field Data QA QC Checks Control Limit Penns Relative Percent Difference RPD Dissolved Oxygen 20 pH 11 If the Relative Percent Difference RPD calculated from any field result for the above listed parameter and its respective field QA QC check result is less than or equal to the Control Limit for the listed parameter then all the field results obtained for the indicated parameter during a given sampling event will be considered in control If the Relative Percent Difference RPD calculated from any field result for the above listed parameter and its respective field QA QC check is greater than the Control Limit for the listed parameter then all the field results obtained for the indicated parameter during a given sampling event will be considered out of control Out of control field results will be considered as estimated results and assigned the data qualifier data flag QJ Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 82 of 86 The Relative Percent Difference RPD is calculated in the following manner RPD IField Result QA QC Check Resultl
27. current sampling season Revisions will be published in the next version of this manual 2 3 1 SAMPLE COLLECTION HANDLING AND PRESERVATION 2 3 1 1 Sample Collector The sample collectors shall be trained in aseptic sampling procedures 2 3 1 2 Sampling At least 100 mL of sample must be collected allowing at least a 1 inch air space to facilitate mixing of the sample by shaking Immediately after collection a sample information form should be completed 2 3 1 3 Sample Information Form After collection the sampler should enter on a sample information form or field sheet in indelible ink the following information Name of site or identification number Sample identification Sample site location n Sample type Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 19 of 86 Date and time of collection 7 Analysis required m Disinfectant residual Name of sampler and organization Sampler s initials Person s transporting the samples to the laboratory if not the sampler Transportation condition e g lt 10 C protection from sunlight m Any remarks Source water samples must be representative of the source of supply collected not too far from the point of intake but at a reasonable distance from the bank or shore The sample volume should be sufficient to perform all the tests required 2 3 1 4 Sample Icing Water samples must be held at lt 10 C 2 3 1 5 Sample Holding Travel Time
28. discrete samples in a glass graduated cylinder in Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 36 of 86 proportion to the flow measurements The sample is composited into a two liter plastic bottle and preserved with 10 milliliters of concentrated nitric acid Samples are preserved at the end of the 24 hour collection period rather than each individual sampler bottle at the time of set up This is due to the corrosive affect of the nitric fumes on metal parts inside the sampler Automatic samplers are also used in cyanide sampling but each individual one liter sampler bottle should be preserved at the time of set up with one milliliter of 50 percent sodium hydroxide pH 12 For chlorinated samples ascorbic acid 0 6g should also be added during set up to nullify the destructive affect of chlorine on the cyanide The flow weighted cyanide sample aliquots are composited into a one liter plastic bottle at the end of the 24 hour sampling period 2 5 5 SPLIT SAMPLING METHODS Sometimes a facility will request a split sample Splitting volatile organic parameters 15 done by simply collecting additional purgeable vials during each sampling event Metals mercury and cyanide samples can be flow weighted and split by first measuring the samples in proportion to flow and then pouring them into a medium density polyethylene churn for thorough mixing Then while churning draw off individual samples Due to the cyanide sample being prese
29. flow This IP should be one half the predetermined section width from the stream bank 2 6 5 4 3 General Operation of Current Velocity Meter with Top Setting Rod 1 Turn the meter on and set it to read in feet per second 2 With flow rod facing the tape measure upstream stand 1 3 inches downstream from the tape and 18 inches or more from meter rod 3 Keep flow rod vertical and meter parallel to the direction of flow Read the depth of the cross section by viewing the flow rod from side then adjust the depth of the meter to the appropriate depth read to half tenths if possible The depth can be measured with the depth gage rod Each single mark represents 0 10 of a foot each double mark represents 0 50 of a foot and each triple mark represents 1 00 foot 5 After meter is in place allow a few moments for it to become stable in the current before the velocity measurement is recorded Allow extra time for velocities less than one foot per second 6 Ifthe depth of the vertical is less than 1 5 feet measure the velocity at 0 6 60 of the depth To set up the sensor at 0 6 of the depth line up the foot scale on the sliding rod with the tenth scale on the top of the depth gauge rod If for example the total depth is 1 3 feet line up the 1 on the foot scale with the 3 on the tenth scale If the depth of the vertical is 1 5 feet or greater use the two point method Measure the velocity at 0 2 2096 and 0 8 8096 of the depth and
30. in the vial If this is not possible water should be added to the vial to form a convex meniscus at the vial mouth and the cap carefully screwed on the vial After sealing the vial should be checked for air bubbles by inverting it If air bubbles are present the vial should be resealed by removing the cap adding more water to form the convex meniscus and replacing the cap as before If sampling of the sediment cannot be done by hand some type of mechanical sampler such as a Ponar is used The sampler is cleaned and solvent rinsed before each sample is taken Care must be taken to lower the sampler slowly to the bottom so as to minimize the disturbance of the surface layers of the sediment The sample is then brought to the surface and the sediment either collected as described above or the sediment is pushed into the sample jar using a clean solvent rinsed piece of aluminum foil If a core sampler is used the sampler is cleaned and solvent rinsed before each use Samples are placed in solvent rinsed pint glass jars with aluminum foil or Teflon lined lids If samples from different layers of the sediment core are required the core is wrapped in solvent rinsed aluminum foil Care must be taken to preserve the vertical integrity of the core sample in this case 2 5 4 4 Collection of Metals Mercury and Cyanide Samples Metals and mercury are collected together by means of an ISCO Automatic Sampler and flow weighted by measuring the individual
31. is desired enter MODE on the numeric keypad 19 Press ENTER VALUE key 19 MULTIPLEX MODE 20 Press PROGRAM STEP PROGRAM 20 NONE 20 Rotates between four dashes and the key This returns the sampler to the standby bottle number 01 of FULL if sampling state previously completed 2 Press the START PROGRAM RESET 21 None 2 Rotates between the interval in flow pulses until DISTRIBUTOR key This places the the first next sample is collected 0042 and the sampler in the RUN state If the display bottle number into which this sample will be placed previously had read FULL the distributor 01 will automatically be repositioned to the bottle number 1 position Example may be other value This completes the programming of the Model 2700 Sampler in a sequential flow mode Following the example the sampler will collect the first 750 mL sample in the first sample bottle after 5 flow pulses 100 000 gallons have been received from the external flow Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 30 of 86 meter The display will continue to rotate between the interval in flow pulses remaining until the next sample is collected for example 0004 and the bottle number into which the sample will be placed for example 02 The flow pulse interval to the next sample is reset to the programmed value of 5 when the START PROGRAM RESET DISTRIBUTOR key is pressed in step 21 As flow
32. most suitable based on the following i The stream channel is straight and the cross section is perpendicular to the direction of flow 1 The stream bed and banks are as uniform as possible iii The minimum velocity is greater than 0 5 fps iv The stream is safely wadeable 2 After selecting the best cross section stretch a tape measure across the stream with the tape measure at right angles perpendicular to the direction of the current and secure the tape Determine the proper widths of the sections to be measured by observing the total width of the stream and making sure you take at least 20 25 sections to be measured No one section is to make up more than 5 10 in very small streams of the total flow of the stream so be sure to shorten the section width if there is more flow in a particular area of the stream 3 The number of vertical cross sections varies with depth and width of the stream No fixed rules can be made for number of vertical other than they should be spaced so as to disclose the real shape of the stream bed and the true mean velocity This usually means one 1 foot or smaller spacing increments on smaller streams and Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 50 of 86 two 2 foot spacing on larger uniform streams Note Uneven spacing of verticals may be necessary when the stream bed is irregular 4 Establish the initial point IP from which you will begin to measure sections of
33. of a bucket collection of the sample must be done by hand This is accomplished by holding the D O bottle slightly under the water surface and allowing the water to run slowly down the inside of the bottle When the bottle is full submerge the bottle and replace the cap again avoiding air entrapment When dissolved oxygen sampling is required on municipal or industrial effluents it is sometimes necessary to collect the sample from an outfall where excessive turbulence or other conditions make both the above methods impractical In this situation fill a bucket with the effluent and allow several minutes for quiescence Then collect the D O sample from the bucket using the hand technique described above samples should always be collected from a point in the stream where maximum mixing has occurred Very turbulent riffles and extremely static pools should be avoided Whichever collection methods are used the water temperature must be recorded as soon as possible This is a very necessary factor in data interpretation 2 10 3 1 3 Winkler Method Sample Preparation and Analysis 1 Obtain and wear Safety Glasses 2 Remove the stopper and add 2 mL of KI and 2 mL MnSO from squeeze bottles Make sure the squeeze bottle is pointed away from all personnel 3 Place stopper in bottle drain excess water from around stopper and rinse bottle in sample water 4 Mixsample by inverting D O bottle several times Allow bottle to set until the sol
34. of mercury Look at the chart on the calibration room wall for the conversion Next you must convert this number to an un corrected atmospheric pressure For the Shadeland office you need to subtract 21 2 millimeters of mercury from the previously converted millimeters of mercury pressure Note If you are out in the field and you do not know your elevation and or your barometric pressure you can use the default setting of 760 but this might induce a little bit of error In this situation it might be best to calibrate against a Winkler providing the Winkler reagents are fresh After the reading has stabilized note the value Chose calibrate on the display unit and choose 46 D O sat by using the right or left arrow keys Now use the arrow keys to enter the millimeters of mercury value you obtained in step 5 Press the enter key and select Y to save new calibration Enter the drift value in the Hydrolab Log Book This drift value is the difference between the initial D O value in mg L before calibration and the D O value in mg L after calibration If the post calibration value was higher indicate with a before the value and if it was lower indicate with a before the value The D O air calibration is complete 2 11 7 2 pH 1 With the transmitter oriented so that the sensors are pointed toward the ceiling and with the calibration cup screwed on rinse with DI water and then with once used pH 7 Rinse Discard th
35. of the bottles are filled up 7 Return to vehicle with tote and equipment Put on safety glasses Preserve all samples and properly dispose of preservative vials 8 Rinse the outside of the sample bottles with deionized rinse water and place collection bottles into cooler 9 Make sure the samples are well iced 10 Remove gloves and proceed to next site 2 1 4 SAMPLE PRESERVATION Table 2 3 Sample Preservation Requirements General Chemistry Sample G C Ice only No other preservation required Nutrient Sample Nx Preserve with 2 ml of 50 Sulfuric Acid 8504 Metal Sample Metals Preserve with 5 ml of concentrated Nitric Acid HNO Cyanide Sample CN Preserve with Sodium Hydroxide Crystals NaOH Bacteriological Sample E coli Bug Ice only No other preservation required NOTE Always wear safety glasses and latex gloves when preserving samples 2 1 4 1 Preservative Vials Preservative vials are provided in the appropriate volumes to preserve the one liter samples typically collected by the Surveys section The preservative vials come with screw caps and are used for normal field preservation Simply unscrew the cap and poor the contents into the appropriate sample bottle When finished replace the vial cap and dispose of the vial in a sealable plastic container or ziplock bag Bring this container back to the office for proper disposal Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 13 of
36. pulses are received from the external flow meter the flow pulse interval to the next sample shown in the display will decrement to zero at which point a sample will be collected the display will be reset to the programmed value of 5 and the decrementing process will begin again as flow pulses are received The 750 mL samples will continue to be collected at 5 flow pulse 100 000 gallon intervals until the 24 and last sample bottle has been filled at which time the sampler will shut off and the display will read FULL 2 4 4 MODEL 2700 ADDENDUM The Model 2700 software has been updated resulting in operational changes to the controller These changes are present on units beginning with the serial number of 5349 001 or on all units with software revision 7 23 or greater The following controller operations will be affected While programming modes 2 4 and 6 the sampler will now accept a value for DELAY FIRST NEXT SAMPLE this will cause the sampler to delay a fixed amount of time before accepting flow pulses If it is desired that the unit start sampling immediately after the START PROGRAM RESET DISTRIBUTOR key is depressed a zero should be entered at the DELAY TO FIRST NEXT SAMPLE prompt If a time delay was entered for the DELAY TO FIRST NEXT SAMPLE when the program is started the four digit display will alternate between the time delay left and HHHH until the time expires In all modes that accept a value for DELAY
37. purposes because it does not pertain to weirs and flumes Since the part of the equation after the sign is not important to this use make this part of the equation equal zero This is done by setting the whole integer to zero and setting the power to one The display should then look like this CFS 39 96 H 1 5 0 000 H 1 00 After this equation is set up the next program step will be to select the value for the maximum head Punch in the maximum head and the flow meter will automatically adjust the previously entered equation for that given head Setting up a flow equation for a rectangular weir with end contractions is a little different This type of weir is not linear but it is not difficult to determine AII Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 43 of 86 rectangular weirs with end contractions have the following flow equation CFS 3 330 L 0 2H H1 5 WHERE L Crest Length of Weir H Maximum Head Once the flow equation is determined plug in the result and follow the same procedures as previously mentioned above making sure that the part of the equation after the sign equals zero V notch weirs have different flow equations for each particular type Once the flow equation is determined for the particular v notch weir in question just plug in the result and follow the same procedures as previously mentioned above again making sure that the part of the equation after the sign equals ze
38. rate in a given flow stream These parameters can vary considerably from one moment to the next Sampler programming may dictate frequent aliquot collection in some sampling situations to obtain an accurate representation of flow over a given period of time A flow waste stream may also be highly stratified nonhomogeneous and may present a less than ideal medium from which to take a representative sample Current assessment of sampling methods USEPA 1977 suggest that strainer placement should be at 60 of the stream depth in an area of maximum turbulence The selection of 60 depth is based on velocity and sedimentation charts from the same report Strainer intakes should definitely not rest on the bottom of the flow stream where sediments collect or against side walls of tanks where solids or bacteriological buildups might artificially enrich the sample Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 25 of 86 Sample preservation should be performed immediately upon sample collection For composite chemical samples each aliquot should be preserved at the time of collection When use of an automated sampler makes it impossible to preserve each aliquot chemical samples may be preserved by maintaining at 4 C until compositing and sample splitting is completed These samplers are cleaned after each use by rinsing appropriate parts funnels bases etc in hot water If necessary a detergent will be used A 50 solution is r
39. site or poured as a means of transferring the sample A good approach is to use a solvent rinsed glass stainless steel Teflon or silastic pump tube and by placing one end into the liquid source seal the other end with your thumb or clamp place the sampling end into the bottom of the vial slowly relieve the pressure on the other end and allow the sample to fill the vial Slowly withdraw the tube while allowing the tube to drain so that the vial is filled and a convex meniscus develops over the top The septum inside the cap is rather loose fitting and can be easily lost or contaminated by handling or dropping The Teflon side of the cap must be placed inward After the cap is secure the vial should be inverted and tapped to determine if the sample is completely free of air bubbles The collector should practice this sampling technique numerous times so that proficiency is developed in avoiding entrapment of air bubbles The ISCO sampler model 6000 can also be used in collection of VOCs When a 24 hour composite sampling survey is warranted VOCs are commonly collected once per eight hour shift Again this interval may vary depending on the collectors evaluation of survey conditions 2 5 4 3 Collection of Sludge and Sediment Samples Surveys staff are sometimes required to sample sewage and industrial sludge and bottom sediments of waterways Collection and analysis of these materials can give important information about the present and past st
40. without changing the Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter if this equipment is utilized 2 2 5 PRESERVATION PACKING REFRIGERATION AND SHIPMENT OF WATER SAMPLES All water samples must be preserved in the field or in the laboratory in accordance with sampling and analysis work plan requirements capped tightly and maintained at 4 Celsius Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 18 of 86 with ice from the time of collection until receipt by the contract laboratory The double bagged samples are bagged in a large sampling location bag which provides protection from the ice and the resultant water from melting ice A Chain of Custody sealed in a plastic bag will accompany the samples during shipment to the contract laboratory The coolers containing the samples will be thoroughly sealed with adhesive tape in order to provide protection from spillage as well as a forming a custody seal All bottle and preservative lot numbers supplied by the contract laboratory are recorded on the appropriate field sheets Samples will be shipped via overnight courier to contract laboratory at the conclusion of each sampling event 2 3 GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE COLI MOBILE LABORATORY NOTE Sampling and analysis procedures described in this section are preliminary Procedures are being refined during the
41. 2 32 T Use of Colilert 2 3 2 2 Use of Quanti tray 2000 2 4 ISCO AUTOMATIC SAMPLER PROCEDURES Generale eti Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 4 of 86 2 4 2 Time Composite Sampling pere eO RH E Ip Ir e p 25 2 4 3 Sequential Flow Sampling nea eR eee ee IN 25 2 4 3 1 Programming Samplers with Flow Meters for Sequential 26 2 4 3 1 1 Programming Sampler with ISCO 2870 Flow Meter 2 4 3 1 2 Programming Sampler with ISCO 3230 Flow Meter 2 4 3 2 Automatic Sampler Sequential Flow Set up Example eese eene 2 4 Model 2700 s ec me eerte e eU ee Nite e GA atts eese cots cae es 2 4 5 Churn Usage for Mixing and Splitting Samples eese eene neret eene entente 2 4 6 ISCO Sampler Equipment 2 5 SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES 2 2 1 ANT OMUCH ON a i tte hte eed end 2 5 2 Methods and Forms of Toxic Sampling ss 2 5 3 Equipment Preparation eese eerte nennen 2 5 3 1 Automatic Sampler Preparation for Composite Sampling Collection eee 32 2 5 3 2 Sample Container 0 1 32 2 5 3 3 Manual Sampling 33 2 5
42. 6 Bottom Scale 0 31 6 ppb ix x10 Top Scale 0 100 ppb x3 16 Bottom Scale 0 316 ppb Min Sensitivity Top Scale 0 1000 ppb 2 7 2 1 Preparation of Standards for Fluorometer The stock dye solution is 20 product which translates to 200 000 parts per million ppm Serial dilutions must be made in order to calibrate the instrument for field use All dilutions are to be made using de ionized water Dilution 1 1 mL stock dye solution to 1000 mL DI water 200 ppm Dilution 2 1 mL of 200 ppm solution to 1000 mL 200 ppb Using the 200 ppb stock solution standards are prepared for ranges of 2 4 10 and 20 ppb Dilution 3 1 mL of stock to 100 mL water 2 ppb Dilution 4 2 mL of stock to 100 mL water 4 ppb Dilution 5 5 mL of stock to 100 mL water 10 ppb Dilution 6 10 mL of stock to 100 mL water 20 ppb Partially fill the volumetric flask with de ionized water Add the designated dose of dye stock and then finish filling the flask to the required amount Mix thoroughly Use the volumetric pipets when possible especially with the lower dose quantities Pipets of most size ranges should be located in the standards tray in the Surveys section laboratory Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 54 of 86 Figure 2 3 Example of Time of Travel Worksheet Computations For Time of Travel Worksheet Stream Reach L distance in miles from drop to most downstream pickup Point Q maximum discharge in re
43. Date June 2002 Page 64 of 86 2 10 3 1 Winkler Method The field test for dissolved oxygen is a very important aspect of a water pollution survey It is therefore necessary that each member of the survey team uses proper and consistent techniques in performing this test Reagents procedures equipment and sampling method are all important and will be explained in the following guidelines 2 10 3 1 1 Field Equipment for Winkler Method D O field equipment consists of the following items Chemical reagents A 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask or equivalent A 10 ml titration pump Tray of standard size calibrated 272 mL 3 ml DO bottles A thermometer calibrated 10 mL pipette graduated in 0 1 ml increments 7 Sampling equipment The reagents used for the Winkler method are manganous sulfate MnSO alkaline iodine azide solution 18N 50 90 sulfuric acid H55O starch solution and 0 0335N thiosulfate solution These reagents are prepared by personnel of the ISDH Laboratories and are available upon request All Surveys Section staff required to maintain their respective D O kits When reagents are taken from the ISDH Laboratories it is very important to mark the date on the bottle This is necessary in order to insure that fresh reagents are always on hand for the field tests Starch and thiosulfate will breakdown readily in the heat and sun so it is important to replace these reagents at least weekly during the
44. Field Result QA QC Check Result x 200 The QA QC field check control limits for the various field parameters were calculated in the following manner Control Limit Mean RPD 3 x Standard Deviation of RPDs n gt 200 for each parameter Note The Control Limits represent a 99 7 Confidence Limit Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 83 of 86 Table 3 2 Quality Assessment DQA Levels for Field Data Analytical Test Description of Analytical Test Calibration and QA QC QA QC poros Method Method Requirements Acceptance Criteria 1 Not an EPA Approved Analytical 1 point calibration performed weekly Not enough confidence in data lacks Chloride YSI Test Method QA QC data 2 Ion Selective Electrode ISE 1 1 Modification of an EPA Approved Baseline is zeroed weekly and YSI Not enough confidence in data lacks Chlorophyll A 445 0 Analytical Test Method default calibration used QA QC data Uncalibrated Modified 2 Fluorescence 1 EPA Approved Analytical Test Calibrated once per year unless out of Check performed weekly 5 Specific Conductance Method control 120 1 id 2 2 Conductivity Bridge EPA 1 Modification of an EPA Approved 1 Baseline is zeroed weekly and YSI QA QC is performed by the contract Chlorophyll A Calibrated 445 0 Analytical Test Method default calibration used laboratory in accordance with EPA 445 0 2 Fluorescence 2 Actu
45. Generally referred to as a toxic scan survey it is a particular sampling of those designated 126 priority pollutant compounds These parameters have been separated into eight categories based on the different specific laboratory analysis yet each dictating various means of field collection and handling These categories are metals halogenated volatile organics nonhalogenated volatile organics aromatic organics base neutral fraction organochlorine pesticides phenols and polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs 2 5 2 METHODS AND FORMS OF Toxic SAMPLING om om The terms manual sampling automatic sampling grab sample and composite sample all retain the same meaning with respect to toxic parameters as they do with the more traditional parameters Each of the eight categories of priority pollutants mentioned in the introduction may be sampled in the manner defined by the above terms Sampling location is likewise dictated by the same criteria that govern the more traditional parameters Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 32 of 86 2 5 3 EQUIPMENT PREPARATION 2 5 3 1 Automatic Sampler Preparation for Composite Sampling Collection Currently the ISCO Sampler Model 2700 is used to collect composite samples of these toxic parameters Base Neutral Fraction Organochlorine Pesticides Phenols and PCB s The sample is collected in a single glass container at equal time intervals Proper sampler tubing and s
46. ION OF DUPLICATES Field precision is assessed through the collection of field duplicates at a rate of one duplicate for Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 81 of 86 every ten samples collected The Assessment Branch AIMS database automatically assigns field duplicates when each specific project is scheduled and at the frequency designated by the project leader but never less than one duplicate for every ten samples collected All original and duplicate samples should be collected at the same time and side by side if possible for each parameter original nutrient sample with duplicate nutrient sample and original metal sample with duplicate metal sample etc 3 3 COLLECTION OF MATRIX SPIKES MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATES MS MSD A Matrix Spike Matrix Spike Duplicate MS MSD sample is collected for a laboratory analysis control at the rate of one MS MSD sample for every ten samples collected The Assessment Branch AIMS database automatically assigns MS MSD samples when each specific project is scheduled and at the frequency designated by the project leader but never less than one MS MSD sample for every ten samples collected The MS MSD sampling should follow the duplicate sampling protocol in order to collect a representative MS MSD sample 3 4 DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT LEVELS FOR FIELD DATA The following table contains DQA levels calibration QA QC Requirements and acceptance criteria for field data parameters
47. MATIC SCALING positions of the Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 41 of 86 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 RECORDER MODE SPAN switch may be observed on the display as the switch is rotated through the positions The NORMAL and EXPAND 1 positions of the switch would assure that the chart cannot go off scale since the full scale spans associated with these positions 1 0 CFS and 0 5 CFS respectively are greater than the maximum expected flow rate of 0 38 CFS However since it is known that the average flow rate for the majority of the day is only 0 15 CFS a full scale span of 1 0 CFS would result in a chart record for the majority of the day at only 15 percent of full scale limiting the resolution of the chart record To increase the resolution of the flow rate record for the majority of the day one of the two lower full scale spans could be selected In the EXPAND 1 position the full scale span of 0 5 CFS would assure that the maximum flow rate of 0 38 CFS would remain on scale and still maintain adequate resolution at the average flow rate of 0 15 CFS In the EXPAND 2 position the full scale span of 0 2 CFS would maximize the resolution for the average flow rate of 0 15 CFS and allow the automatic over ranging feature of the flow meter to record the daily peak flow of 0 38 CFS In this case either EXPAND 1 or EXPAND 2 positions of the switch would be suitable to illustrate the automatic
48. MATRIX SPIKE DUPLICATES MS MSD eee ee ee ee eee eene eee eoe to sesta 81 3 4 DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT LEVELS FOR FIELD DATA ee eere eee eene eee etna seen 81 3 4 1 Control Limits for Field Data Quality Assurance Quality Control Checks eee 61 3 5 MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION LOG BOOKS ee senta tn statua tn statu sons tatus tasas tatu sens ta sn 84 REFERENCES pc M 84 ROOon 84 4 2 INSTRUMENT MANUAL REFERENCES eee ee eese enne tato statuta statu sens tatu sense neta sno 85 4 3 HEALTH AND SAFETY REFERENCES List of Tables TABLE 1 1 SURVEYS SECTION STAFFING TABLE ccccccsessscecececsesensesaececesesesececececseseaeaeceececesensaaeeeeeceesesssaeeeeeceeeeeneatees 9 TABLE 1 2 SURVEYS SECTION CONTACT PERSONS ccsesssseccceceessnececcececessauececececeensaaececececceceeseceseescsenesceseeseeeneensaaeas 9 TABLE 2 3 SAMPLE PRESERVATION REQUIREMENTS cssesssscsececeessneceececeseseececececeeseeaecececcecessaaeeeeceseeesssaseeeeeeceeenes 12 TABLE 2 2 REAGENT WATER QUALITY CRITERIA FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS eee nennen 20 TABLE 2 3 COLI EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST ostne E eE e r E EEr EEEE OTE EE rore IEE EROE E EEEE E rear E 23 TABLE 2 4 SET UP EXAMPLE FOR ISCO 2870 FLOW METER
49. Measurement Model 3230 Refer to the ISCO Instruction Manual Model 3230 for additional operating instructions Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 42 of 86 The ISCO model 3230 flow meter allows for programming of multiple primary flow devices without the need of the user to program in specific flow equations or scaling constants Programming is very user friendly with on line menus Programming involves stepping through 12 different program steps 2 6 3 3 Programming Flow Equations With the ISCO Model 3230 Flow Meter 2 6 3 3 1 Weirs Rectangular weirs without end contractions are linear Rectangular weirs with end contractions are not linear All rectangular weirs without end contractions have the following flow equation CFS 3 330LH1 5 WHERE L Weir Crest Length H Maximum Head 2 6 3 3 2 Example To calculate the flow equation for a 12 foot crest length rectangular weir without end contractions take the flow equation for the foot crest length rectangular weir without contractions and multiply 3 330 by 12 which equals 39 96 This is the flow equation for 12 foot rectangular weir without end contractions provided the maximum head is 1 foot The display on the 3230 ISCO flowmeter will look similar to this CFS 1 000 H 2 00 001 000 H 2 00 Then punch in 39 96 and then punch in 1 5 for the exponent of the H maximum head The part of the equation after the sign is not used for these
50. N If an NPDES permit holder is sampled generally at least the effluent is taken and in some instances the influent might also need to be tested Since no two treatment systems are identical it is difficult to be precise about the sampling locations until the layout of the plant is known by the sampler In surveying the effect that the wastewater treatment plant effluent has on the receiving stream generally one upstream sample is taken and as few as one to several samples are taken downstream preferable after the effluent is completely mixed with the stream However the difficulty comes in knowing exactly where the area of the completely mixed water begins Quantity and quality of wastewater may change in the discharge Also the stream flow may vary within the sampling period Hence no specific guidelines are given on the exact location for sampling 2 1 3 SAMPLING METHODS Sampling methods are either manual or automatic The quality of the sample depends directly on the care used in collecting the sample To get a representative sample with either method samples generally are collected just under the surface of the water in the main stream of flow Skimming the surface of the water or dragging the bottom must be avoided 2 1 3 1 Manual Sampling Procedures Every effort is put forth to collect the sample directly into a sample bottle A sample collection device containing the sample bottle s is lowered from a rope if direct access to the w
51. SURVEYS SECTION FIELD PROCEDURE MANUAL INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Office of Water Quality Assessment Branch Surveys Section IDEM 32 02 055 2002 DRAFT June 2002 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page of 86 SURVEYS SECTION FIELD PROCEDURE MANUAL Edited by Tim Beckman Environmental Manager Revised June 2002 Compilation and development of the final report was the primary responsibility of the Surveys Section Arthur C Garceau Surveys Section Chief INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT BRANCH SURVEYS SECTION IDEM 032 02 055 2001 June 2002 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 2 of 86 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The Indiana Department of Environmental Management intends use of this document for the facilitation of information exchange Mention of pesticide trade names or other commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation of use When citing this document Beckman T Editor 2002 Surveys Section Field Procedure Manual Revised June 2002 Indiana Department of Environmental Management Office of Water Quality Assessment Branch Surveys Section Indianapolis Indiana IDEM 032 02 055 2002 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 3 of 86 TABLE OF CONTENTS LO OVERVIEW 7
52. Sludge collection is an obvious situation where protective gloves should be worn Collection of stream sediment samples for all analyses with the exception of VOCs are in glass pint jars rinsed with either hexane or acetone solvent Jars should be sealed with either aluminum foil or Teflon lined screw on lids A suitable site for sediment collection is one that does not contain large areas of sand or gravel In most cases sediment samples can be collected by hand using a solvent rinsed stainless steel scoop and mixing pan Sediment is scooped up from several areas across the stream bottom put into the mixing pan and thoroughly stirred in order to acquire a homogenous sample A portion of this mixture is then put in a solvent rinsed glass jar and as much of the water as possible is poured from the jar taking care not to lose any of the sediment Samples to be analyzed for purgeable organics VOCs are collected in 40 mL screw cap vials fitted with a Teflon lined silicon septum Usually the sediment sample can be collected in the manner described above but there are some additional procedures to be followed The vials are filled as full as possible with the sediment and then the cap with the Teflon face of the septum down is placed on the vial Care must be taken to prevent air being trapped in the vial Staff members have found that holding the vial beneath the surface of the water while screwing the cap on usually prevents air from being trapped
53. TO FIRST NEXT SAMPLE the unit will now accept a zero This is useful in the case of modes 2 4 and 6 where it is desired that the sampler start sampling immediately In the other modes entering a zero will cause the delay to the first sample to be set at the number entered at the INTERVAL BETWEEN SAMPLES prompt When ordering a replacement eprom be sure to order part number 60 2703 152 to receive the 2700 EPROM Rev 7 25 Do not order part number 60 2703 134 as shown in the replacement parts list or the 2700 EPROM Rev 4 will be sent 2 4 5 CHURN USAGE FOR MIXING AND SPLITTING SAMPLES The Surveys section uses a fifteen liter polyethylene churns for mixing homogenizing and splitting samples for most parameters except for organic toxic pollutants Aliquots are proportioned according to flow measurement into the churn at the end of the sampling period Calculations for total sample volume should allow for an excess of 3 liters of sample The excess volume barely clears the outlet spigot located on the side of the churn and should be discarded after the actual sample has been mixed and drawn into the sample bottles To Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 31 of 86 insure thorough mixing of sample at least 20 strokes of the churn handle should be effected before the first sample is drawn Agitation during sample removal is also necessary to prevent settling and keep the sample homogenous All churns should be cl
54. TROUBLESHOOTING Note Any problems or concerns with Hydrolab equipment should be related to the Hydrolab maintenance personnel page 9 upon return to the office 2 11 6 1 Dissolved Oxygen 1 Qn ee Oat Is there enough water in sampling tube to fully submerge D O sensor Is the stirrer operating properly Lift up sonde while unit is turned on Is the stirrer rotating Move around stirrer cable Does stirrer go on and off indicating a short in cable Unplug and plug back in stirrer connector cable from sonde cable Is this connection tight and free of air pockets Inspect D O membrane for any noticeable tears or deformities If holes or tears are observed stop recording the Hydrolab D O and use the Winkler method If still in doubt re sample with fresh sample water If problems still exist record the Winkler method for comparison purposes If the difference between the Hydrolab and the Winkler is greater than 0 6 mg L record the Winkler concentration on the field sheet but make note of problem on the field sheet and check the Hydrolab D O value against the Winkler value at the very next sampling site 2 11 6 2 pH 1 Is there enough water in sampling tube to fully submerge the two pH sensors 2 Is there debris covering the pH bulb or the reference sleeve Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 74 of 86 3 If still in doubt re sample with fresh sample water If problems still exist use
55. This program uses a statistically valid number of randomly selected sites throughout major river basins to assess and characterize the overall water quality and biological integrity Selection of sites focuses on all streams within the targeted river basin Sampling is performed during the late Spring to early Fall low flow time frame May October and is conducted simultaneously with other program areas Data sets collected and assessed are water and fish tissue samples for laboratory analysis in situ water chemistry channel morphology data fish community assessments and habitat assessment The results of this program further contribute to the Indiana 305 b Report and the pending Section 303 d list of impaired streams The results are applied to the Indiana Fish Consumption Advisory as well as provide for support of the Environmental Performance Partnership Agreement EnPPA and the development of biocriteria for Indiana s surface waters This program is conducted through the cooperative sampling efforts of the Surveys Section and Biological Studies Section of the Assessment Branch and through the support of the U S EPA Research Laboratory in Corvallis Oregon 1 3 THE FIXED STATION MONITORING PROGRAM The objective of this program is to provide basic information that would reveal recurring surface water quality trends and provide data for the many impacted users of surface water in Indiana Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002
56. ach in cubic feet per second estimated average velocity of flow in reach in feet per second Cp peak concentration desired at most downstream pickup points in Parts per billion Vd volume of Rhod Wt 20 dye solution in liters needed for drop equation to solve Vd is below 0 000227 is the known factor of Rhod Computation for Amount of Dye 0 000227 x L x Q x Cp Vdz BM V Vd liters Time of Drop Dropped liters at Location At Time on Date Estimated Time of Pickup Leading edge ETA location Peak ETA location Leading edge ETA location Peak ETA location Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 55 of 86 Figure 2 4 Time of Travel Field Sheet TIME OF TRAVEL FIELD SHEET INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Time of Travel Study on Sampling Section Dye Injected at Time Date Amount Injected Type of Dye Conc In Sampling Section Discharge cfs Width Mean Depth pou Fluorometer Readings ppb pend pond Fluorometer Readings ppb M S x3 16 x10 x31 6 M S x3 16 x10 x31 6 Circle Range 1 1 1 1 Circle Range 1 1x 1x 1x 100x 100x 100x 100x 100x 100x 100x 100x Column 1 1 Number on Sample Bottle 2 When more than one point in section is samp
57. adings using the Hydrolab but be sure to report this problem to the assigned Hydrolab maintenance personnel upon return to office Collect the pH calibration check reading at the same site as the D O check If the pH difference between the portable meter and the Hydrolab is 0 6 su or greater check the portable pH meter calibration and run QC check again at the next sampling site If discrepancy still exist continue to collect record pH readings using the Hydrolab but report problem to the assigned pH and Hydrolab maintenance personnel upon return 2 11 2 How TO RECORD FIELD DATA USING A FIELD SHEET See Figure 2 5 Stream Sampling Field Data Sheet Prior to the sampling event The Surveys Section AIMS database will automatically generate field sheets for each project or sampling event These preprinted field sheets should already Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 70 of 86 contain all of the site identification information as well as the sample numbers When recording field data make sure to fill in the following areas on the field sheet Date Sampled Hydrolab Water Depth Gage Ht if applicable Water Flow if applicable Flow Estimated if applicable and all of the stream physical description checks boxes In addition record all the field data readings that are applicable to the type of sampling being conducted in the appropriate area Please write legibly as this is the only place that field data is record
58. al calibration is from contract Modified laboratory results 1 EPA Approved Analytical Test Calibration performed weekly 1 Checked using secondary stand alone Method instrumentation during each sampling EPA 2 Electrometric event 150 1 2 Frequency is section specific Control Limit 1 EPA Approved Analytical Test Calibration performed weekly 1 Checked using a different analytical Dissolved O EPA Method test method during each sampling event 360 1 2 Membrane Electrode 2 Frequency is section specific Control Limit 3 1 Modification of an EPA Approved 1 Calibration performed weekly 1 Checked using secondary stand alone Analytical Test Method 2 Calibration performed yearly if instrumentation or check by a standard EPA 3 os 2 Nephelometric checked by a Check Standard from a from a second source prior to or during Turbidity 180 1 3 Light Emitting Diode second source prior to each sampling each sampling event Modified event 2 Frequency is section specific Control Limit 1 EPA Approved Analytical Test Calibration is checked against NIST 1 Checked using secondary stand alone Method Traceable Thermometer once per year instrumentation during each sampling EPA A Temperature 170 1 2 Thermometric Thermistor unless out of control event 2 Frequency is section specific Control Limit Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date
59. ase This will prevent damage to the electrode cable Always keep sensor bulb moist with black storage tip If KCI storage solution is not available use tap water or pH 4 0 buffer Do not use Distilled water Remove 9 volt battery from back of unit after each use This will extend battery life A few extra batteries will be in each case for backups 2 10 2 3 Calibration of Oakton pH 6 Acorn Series Meter When calibrating field pH meters it is best to use a slope buffer that will closely resemble the pH of the waters that you are sampling For Indiana surface waters a slope buffer of 10 00 su should be used Indiana surface waters tend to be more alkaline With this in mind each pH meter case should contain pH buffer 7 00 and 10 00 su A rinse bottle full of distilled water should be used in place of the pH buffer 4 00 This rinse water should be Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 63 of 86 replaced every time the buffers are replaced 1 Connect the pH electrode to the meter 2 Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean If the bulb has dried out it will have to be rehydrated before calibration Rehydrate the bulb by immersing in tap water for 30 minutes 3 Immerse probe tip into pH buffer 7 00 calibration standard and allow reading to stabilize 4 Press CAL key 5 Press HOLD ENTER key to confirm value 6 Repeat with the slope pH buffer 10 0 calibration standard
60. aterbody is not possible When direct access is possible hold the bottles in a gloved hand and fill just under the surface of the water while facing upstream to collect a sample A special sampling device for sample collection provides a way to put the samples directly into certified clean disposable plastic or glass bottles from a bridge or other structure If a sample collection device is used clean it thoroughly in the bottle washer at the end of each sampling event Water taken for field tests dissolved oxygen pH conductivity etc is collected in the above manner or it can also come from a plastic or stainless steel bucket used to grab samples after the bucket has been thoroughly rinsed with the sample water In some cases temperature of the water changes rapidly and this parameter must be measured as soon as possible after the sample is collected Also it is important to keep the sample well mixed in the bucket if turbidity is required because the suspended solids in the sample will settle to the bottom of the bucket in a very short time Sampling from the stream bank is permissible providing the collector can reach the main flow Any deviations from these general procedures must be noted on the field sheet by the collector The quality of a sample depends directly on the cleanliness and reliability of the sampling method Preventing the contamination of a sample during the sampling process is the greatest challenge in collecting reliable res
61. attery Volts Units 8 12 only otherwise otherwise blank ntu blank Turbidity For units 4 and 5 Time amount of time unit has only ntu been turned on or Dissolved Oxygen Sat Units 1 3 and 8 12 only Note The Calibrate Variables and Enter buttons are not used during ordinary field operation 2 11 1 4 Field Calibration Checks of the Hydrolab H20 Unit Record the Hydrolab Unit number being used in the appropriate space on the field sheet D O and pH Hydrolab readings should be checked against a Winkler titration and a separate pH meter respectively In addition temperature and turbidity Hydrolab readings should also be checked and compared with separate meters The Hydrolab temperature reading should be compared to the temperature reading from the pH meter and the Hydrolab turbidity reading should be compared to a separate field turbidimeter All of these QC check analyses should be collected from the leftover sample water remaining in the plastic bucket after the PVC tube is filled All field calibration checks should be collected at the first sample site of the day and recorded in the appropriate space on the field sheet Make sure to record the Hydrolab unit number on the sheet If the D O difference between the Winkler titration and the Hydrolab is 0 6 mg L or greater then another Winkler check should be run at the next sampling site If this discrepancy still exists continue to collect record D O re
62. atus of the overlying water column with regard to its chemical constituents especially those that may persist for longer periods of time Sewage and industrial sludge samples as well as stream sediment samples for all toxic parameters except the volatile organics must be collected in one pint glass solvent rinsed jars with aluminum foil lined caps Sludge and sediment sample collection for VOCs is in 40 mL purgeable vials simply by pushing vial directly into the sludge sediment forcing out all air and bubbles in the process No preservatives are needed for sludge sediment samples Samples should be placed on ice or put into a refrigerator and stored at 4 C until delivery to the laboratory When sludge sampling consider where the sample should be collected In most cases this will be the oldest or final dry state just before ultimate disposal Solid or dry sludge should be packed into the purgeable vials leaving as little air space as possible A solvent rinsed stainless steel utensil is useful for this purpose A few situations may warrant collecting VOCs at a liquid sludge source before dewatering The liquid source would give analysis of levels in the ripe sludge since VOCs disperse easily in the drying process All other priority pollutant sludge samples are collected in one pint solvent rinsed jars either by Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 35 of 86 scooping of a dry sample or collection at a liquid source
63. b H20 unit Currently Surveys has two Minisonde units available Units 6 and 7 1 The Minisonde Transmitter sonde 2 The Surveyor 4 display unit 3 The weighted sensor guard 4 Minisonde Cable 5 PVC tube 2 12 1 2 Assembly of the Minisonde Unit 1 At the first site take the sonde out of the carrying case and remove the storage cup Note The assembly might take place in the Surveys Section equipment room before departure 2 Screw the weighted sensor guard onto the sonde until tight Pay special attention to the web of the sensor guard to make sure the turbidity sensor if installed has a clear line of sight between the webs of the sensor guard 3 Connect the cable to the end of the sonde the six pin connector making sure to line up the round notch on the outside of the connector with the largest pin on the sonde When making this connection make sure to remove any trapped air in the connector by squeezing connector until you feel or hear the air escape Secure the bulkhead cable guard to the sonde by turning clockwise until snug 4 Connect the square nine pin connector to the Surveyor 4 display unit and secure by Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 79 of 86 rotating the two screws clockwise 2 12 1 3 The Surveyor 4 Display Functions Push the On Off key on the display unit the key located in the top right corner of the unit to turn on the display unit and to power up the sonde Aft
64. cccccccccsssessecececscesnsseceeeceeusussaeceeececssusaeesecceesesnsaeseeececseseaeeeeeceeceseaaeaes 2 7 2 1 Preparation of Standards for 2 8 STREAM REACH STUDY PROCEDURES tots tto sito soto seta sete sete etse toss eaae VE E 1118001 18170 EEEE TERR 2 6 2 Data REQUITEMENIS a 2 6 3 Summary of SUTVEY heres 2 9 MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT BENTHIC OXYGEN DEMAND sssccssssscccssssccscssccccsssccccssssccscssccscsseccscessssees DA PEG TA MR cR 2 9 2 Sampling Methodologies and Procedures eese nennen eene eerte 2 10 FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES esee esee en seta seen sto stats toss ease ease ease ta seta sete sete sse Ds LOL Tur DTE 2 10 1 1 Instructions for Use of Hach Portable Turbidimeter Model 2100P ZAOA 1 1 Turbidimeter Oper dtior 2 10 1 1 2 Turbidimeter Calibration 2 10 2 1 2 2 10 2 1 3 Additional Notes 2 10 2 2 Calibration of Hach Model EC20 pH Meter 2 10 2 2 1 2 10 2 2 2 Additional Notes 2 10 2 3 Calibration of Oakton pH 6 Acorn Serie
65. ccur for two conditions of flow The first free flow occurs when there is insufficient backwater depth to reduce the discharge rate The second submerged flow occurs when the water surface downstream from the flume is far enough above the elevation of the flume crest to reduce the discharge For free flow only the head two thirds the distance back on the converging section at the upstream gage location Ha is needed to determine the discharge The free flow range includes some of the range which might ordinarily be considered submerged flow because Parshall flumes tolerate 50 to 80 percent submergence before the free flow rate is measurably reduced For Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 39 of 86 submerged flows that is when submergence is greater than 50 to 80 percent both the upstream head Ha and downstream head Hb are needed to determine the discharge Hb is the measurement 1 to 2 from the downstream side of the throat at a depth the same as the floor of the converging section Presently there is no standard design plan for either the Palmer Bowlus or Leopold Lagco flumes Each manufacturer has developed their own design and formula for each flume for its specific use To measure flow in such a flume it is necessary to obtain design criteria for that flume 2 6 2 3 1 Flume Design Requirements To assure accurate discharge measurement there are certain general requirements for the installation of fl
66. control This includes the sample numbering system custody of samples in the field via certified carrier and at the laboratory and all associated transfers of custody 2 1 7 2 Definition 1 sample is in someone s custody if 2 Itis in his her actual possession or 3 Itis in his her view after being in his her possession or Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 14 of 86 4 Itis in his her physical possession and locked up so that no one could tamper with it or 5 Itis kept in a secured area restricted to authorized personnel only 2 1 7 3 Procedures To assure proper handling and custody of samples collected by field personnel of the Surveys section the following procedures will be followed in the field These procedures should document the people who have had charge of the sample from the time of the collection until it was delivered to the laboratory The laboratory also has chain of custody procedures which will be followed after it receives the sample The collector will keep field notes This is to record conditions and activities related to each sample collection The sample will be placed in a container appropriately marked with the sample site date of collection and type of sample If the sample remains in the custody of the sampler as described above no sample seals will be required However if the sample will leave the custody of the sampler a sample seal should be used When the sample i
67. d the ATC cable from unit before closing pH meter case This will prevent damage to the senior cables Always keep sensor bulb moist with black storage tip storage solution is not available use tap water or pH 4 0 buffer Do not use Distilled water If readings start to drift and never really stabilize it might be time for a new electrode Please instruct the personnel in charge of pH meter maintenance 2 10 2 2 Calibration of Hach Model EC20 pH Meter When calibrating field pH meters it is best to use a slope buffer that will closely resemble the pH of the waters that you are sampling For Indiana surface waters a slope buffer of 10 00 su should be used Indiana surface waters tend to be more alkaline With this in mind each pH meter case should contain pH buffer 7 00 and 10 00 su A rinse bottle full of distilled water should be used in place of the pH buffer 4 00 This rinse water should be replaced 1 2 every time the buffers are replaced Connect the pH electrode to the meter Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean If the bulb has dried out it will have to be rehydrated before calibration Rehydrate the bulb by immersing in tap water for 30 minutes Press the T O key to turn on meter Press the MODE key until the pH mode indicator is displayed Place the electrode into the 7 0 Buffer Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 62 of 86 10 11
68. d the panel meter directly This reading is in feet per second Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 47 of 86 2 6 5 2 2 Maintenance and Calibration The Marsh McBirney Meter is maintained by simply cleaning the sensor with mild soap and water to keep the carbon electrodes free of non conductive grease or oils The calibration of the Marsh McBirney Meter is to check the electronic readings in calibration mode and if the meter readings do not calibrate on the calibration setting the meter is sent in for repair In order to check the accuracy of the velocity readings of the meter OWM personnel check measured stream velocities against each meter in the same stream and location Also the other current meters are checked in this same manner When a meter comes back from the manufacturer a certificate of calibration accompanies the meter This newly calibrated meter is then used to compare velocity readings with other meters 2 6 5 3 Measuring Flow From a Bridge with a USGS Type A Crane Flow measurements from bridges are made by the Surveys section when wading the stream to obtain flow data is not possible A USGS Type A Crane with a three wheel base equipped with a Model 3100 A 55 reel with an 80 foot 0 100 diameter cable is used A Price AA meter is mounted on the end of the cable A 15 Ib or 50 Ib C type weight depending on the velocity of the current is used with the meter in order to hold it as vertical as possible
69. e ATC probe the meter automatically compensates for changes in buffer temperature When not using the ATC probe make sure that the temperature is set manually to reflect the temperature of the solution by using a separate thermometer To do this push the RANGE button until the degree Celsius symbol is displayed Set the temperature from the thermometer by using the arrow keys 1 Connect the pH electrode and the ATC probe if ATC probe is used 2 Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean If the bulb has dried out it will have to be rehydrated before calibration Rehydrate the bulb by immersing in tap water for 30 minutes 3 Place the electrode in a pH 7 00 buffer solution along with the ATC or thermometer Wait approximately 30 seconds for the sensors to stabilize and write down reading under Meter column and the press CAL 4 If the electrode recognizes the pH 7 00 solution the exact value will appear on the display in accordance with the pH and temperature charts If not the symbol E4 will be displayed see error code guide in the pH manual 5 Wait 30 seconds and then push CON again to accept the buffer 6 The first calibration is now finished E5 will appear on the display at this point indicating that the instrument has entered the slope calibration mode 7 Take the electrode and ATC or thermometer out of the 7 00 buffer and rinse dip them with distilled water and dip
70. e Surveys Section s primary function is to provide water quality and hydrological data to assess Indiana s surface waters This is accomplished by conducting watershed basin surveys and stream reach surveys throughout the state As part of the Surface Water Quality Monitoring Strategy the Surveys Section is conducting a five year sampling plan of the State s ten major watershed basins Information collected will be reviewed by the Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Section and integrated with data from Biological Studies Section to complete a thorough assessment of the State s surface waters The Surveys Section is organized into four work groups Watershed Monitoring Fixed Station Monitoring Special Projects and Data Administration Staffing charts listing areas of responsibility are presented in Table 1 1 and Table 1 2 During the summer months student assistants who are assigned by the Governor s internship program augment the staff Office laboratory and equipment storage space is located at the Shadeland Avenue Office The Surveys Section is also assisted through the cooperative efforts of the Indiana State Department of Health s Water Quality Laboratory and the U S Environmental Protection Agency U S EPA The Surveys Section also utilizes the contract services of the U S Geological Survey and various commercial contract laboratories A brief discussion of the work group programs follows 1 2 THE WATERSHED MONITORING PROGRAM
71. e rinse and unscrew calibration cup and dry with paper towel Also dry the sensors as best you can Fill calibration cup with fresh pH 7 00 buffer making sure to fill calibration cup so buffer is just over the D O sensor Wait for the pH reading to stabilize and make note of the value Select Calibrate from display unit and then use arrow keys to select P and select enter Enter the value of your zero buffer 7 00 by using the arrow keys and then select enter Select Y to save calibration Enter the drift value in the Hydrolab Log Book This drift value is the difference between the initial pH value before calibration and the pH value after calibration If the post calibration value was higher indicate with a before the value and if it was Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 76 of 86 6 7 8 9 lower indicate with a before the value Dump used pH 7 buffer in extra cup marked pH 7 Rinse and use this for next pH 7 buffer calibration Rinse sensors with DI water and then with once used pH 10 Rinse and discard Wipe calibration cup dry with a paper towel and dry all sensors as best you can Fill calibration cup with fresh pH 10 00 slope buffer making sure to fill calibration cup so buffer is just over the D O sensor Select Calibrate from display unit and then P pH and select enter Enter the value of your slope buffer 10 00 by using the arrow keys and then selec
72. eaned with hot water and detergent and thoroughly rinsed after each survey 2 4 6 ISCO SAMPLER EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE In order to insure adequate confidence levels in the survey activities the maintenance of all of the ISCO Samplers are of prime importance A logbook has been set up for these samplers Maintenance and calibration instructions are contained in the manufacturer supplied manuals The following duties always apply to all personnel using the ISCO automatic samplers 1 Use all sign in out log books The personnel in charge of the automatic samplers will have the responsibility to make sure that you do Relate verbally any equipment problems you might have had to the person in charge of that equipment and notate this problem in the log 2 Make sure desiccant is dry when checking out or in Change if pink Clean equipment promptly DO NOT LEAVE IT SITTING AROUND Acid rinse pump tubing with 50 Then follow with a distilled water rinse Wash sampler bottom tub and any other parts which came into contact with sampled water If necessary wash with detergent and wipe down the outside of the sampler top to bottom Wash all dirty bottles and or churns in the laboratory bottle washer 2 5 SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR TOXIC SUBSTANCES 2 5 1 INTRODUCTION A priority pollutant toxic organic chemical survey is a sampling for those contaminants for which the U S EPA has developed water quality and human health criteria recommendations
73. ect the cable to the end of the sonde six pin making sure to line up the round notch on the outside of the connector with the largest pin on the sonde When making this connection make sure to remove any trapped air in the connector by squeezing connector until you feel or hear the air escape Connect stirrer cable 2 pin into 2 pin connector on cable Again remove any trapped air in connector as in step 4 Connect the round six pin screw connector cable into the left side of the Scout 2 display unit Line up notches push in and turn clockwise until pins latch securely Connect the rechargeable battery cable to the right side of the Scout 2 display unit Again line up the notches push in and turn clockwise until pins latch securely 2 11 1 3 Scout 2 Display Functions Push the On Off button on the display unit to turn on the display unit and to power up the sonde The Main Screen should be displayed first if not push the Screen Escape button Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 69 of 86 Table 2 9 Main Screen Parameters of the Scout 2 Display Unit Temperature degrees Celsius Dissolved Oxygen mg l Depth for units 4 and 5 Ft only otherwise blank Conductivity us cm pH su Blank Push the Screen Escape button for the Alt Screen parameters which should be displayed in the following arrangements and units Total Dissolved Solids g l Turbidity Units 8 12 only B
74. ed Also do not forget to record the bottle lot numbers and the preservative lot numbers if applicable Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 71 of 86 Figure 2 5 Stream Sampling Field Data Sheet Ie Pome m Lp s EI D m nusen E CD D Mew LH Bic Onno Ecke Dind C bus Mask SONL C lea Wide Meads 255 1 Gba Ui be EN Pai c Maaari a Orly Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 72 of 86 2 11 3 OPERATING THE HYDROLAB H20 SYSTEM FOR FIELD DATA COLLECTION Collect the field data sample using a separate rope and a 5 gallon plastic bucket Rinse bucket once with sample water dump so as not to disturb stream and then retrieve sample water again Take bucket full of sample water back to vehicle and rinse PVC tube and Hydrolab unit thoroughly with sample water Rinse the PVC tube by turning it so all rinse water comes in contact with the whole inside surface area of the tube Refill the PVC tube half way with the sample water Pour sample water slowly into PVC tube so as to minimize any artificial aeration that might occur Turn on the scout display unit and slowly submerge Hydrolab unit with stirrer attached into tube Rotate Hydrolab unit while in tube Y4urn in a back and forth agitation motion a couple of times This will allow any trapped air bubbles to escape from ar
75. edges should be avoided because they are difficult to maintain However the upstream edge of the weir must be sharp with right angle corners since rounded edges will decrease the head for a given flow rate The upstream face of the weir should be smooth and perpendicular to the axis of the channel in both horizontal and vertical directions The crest of the weir should also be exactly level to insure a uniform depth of flow The connection of the weir to the channel should be waterproof Therefore the joint between the weir plate and channel should be packed with chemically inert cement or asphalt type roofing compound The length of the weir crest or the notch angle must be accurately determined because the percentage error in measured flow rate will be proportional to the error in determining these dimensions The weir should be ventilated if necessary to prevent a vacuum from forming on the underside of the nappe The height of the weir from the bottom of the channel to the crest should be at least 2 times the maximum expected head of liquid above the crest This is necessary to lower the velocity of approach The weir height should never be less than 1 foot The approach section should be straight upstream from the weir for a distance of at least 20 times the maximum expected head of liquid and should have little or no slope The crest must be set higher than the maximum downstream elevation of the water surface otherwise a sub
76. ene chloride be used to solvent rinse sampling containers for collection of the aforementioned parameter groups If a chlorinated sample is to be collected sodium thiosulfate crystals equal to 008 percent approximately one crystal liter of sample should be added to the jug to deactivate chlorine Once sampling is completed the sample is shaken up thoroughly and poured into the one liter glass solvent rinsed bottles and then sealed with Teflon lined caps If split samples are requested by the inspected facility then additional bottles are poured according to facility analytical needs Halogenated volatile organics nonhalogenated volatile organics and aromatic volatile organics are all collected in 40 mL purgeable vials with a Teflon lined septum cap These containers are prepared by laboratory staff along with two field blanks that must accompany all samples for quality control checks The chemical instability of these parameters prohibits composite sampling Thus individual discrete samples are collected at times and intervals dictated by facility operation changes or other survey conditions Volatile samples are collected in two 40 mL vials at each time and sampling location to Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 33 of 86 permit quality assurance by duplication of analysis in those instances where parameters are found just above detection levels It is important to remember to account for these extra vials when pro
77. ental Protection Agency 1977 NPDES Compliance Sampling Manual U S Environmental Protection Agency Enforcement Division Office of Water Enforcement Compliance Branch Washington D C U S Environmental Protection Agency 1996 Method 1669 Sampling Ambient Water for Trace Metals at EPA Water Quality Criteria Levels U S Environmental Protection Agency July 1996 U S Environmental Protection Agency 1995 Guidance for the Preparation of Standard Operating Procedures SOP s for Quality Related Documents U S Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Washington D C EPA 600 R 96 027 4 2 INSTRUMENT MANUAL REFERENCES Cole Parmer Digi Sense pH Meter Operating Instructions Model 5985 80 Hach Company Portable Turbidimeter Instruction Manual Model 2100 1991 1995 Hach Company Portable pH ISE Meter Manual Model 50075 Hach Company Pocket Colorimeter Chlorine Manual 1991 1992 Hydrolab H20 Water Quality Multiprobe Operating Manual April 1995 Revision B Hydrolab Scout 2 Display Unit Operating Manual January 1994 Revision D HydrolabDatasonde 3 Multiprobe Logger Operating Manual January 1994 Revision F Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 86 of 86 Hydrolab Datasonde 4 and Minisonde Water Quality Multiprobe User s Manual August 1997 Revision D Hydrolab Surveyor 4 Water Quality Data Display July 1997 Revision B Isco Instrument Manual Model 2700 Sampler Co
78. ential portion of this setting is 1 10 10 This multiplying factor of x10 must be applied to the items listed above The reading on the TOTAL FLOW counter should be multiplied by 10 The possible settings of the SAMPLER INITIATION SIGNAL switch should also be multiplied by 10 resulting in possible settings of 100 1 000 and 10 000 2 4 3 1 2 Programming Sampler with ISCO 3230 Flow Meter The volumetric flow pulse can be set to any volume For example the flow meter sampler setup would be as follows estimated flow 0 450 MGD total sample volume 15 liters 15 sampler bottles number of sampling periods 45 15 bottles x 3 samples per bottle 450 000 0 450 divided by 45 samples 10 000 sample every 10 000 gallons ISCO 3230 flow meter flow pulse interval 1 000 gallons set sampler initiation interval for 10 flow pulses Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 28 of 86 set sampler to collect 300 ml per sample three samples per bottle 2 4 3 2 Automatic Sampler Sequential Flow Set up Example To program the sampler for automatic operation in a sequential flow mode the use of the following set of step by step instructions is recommended These instructions assume that the sampler is off and that the sample bottle tub has been properly prepared with 24 plastic or glass sample bottles Table 2 5 Program Instructions for ISCO MODEL 2700 Automatic Sampler INDICATOR STEP NO
79. er a short moment all of the parameters will be displayed line by line on the screen in the following order D T Date and Time MMDDYY HHMMSS DO Dissolved Oxygen mg L Tem Temperature degrees C SPC Specific Conductance us cm DO Dissolved Oxygen percent saturation IBV Internal Battery Voltage IB Internal Battery percent of full charge The turbidity sensor is currently not installed on either Unit 6 or 7 2 12 2 HYDROLAB MINISONDE SYSTEM CALIBRATION PROCEDURES To calibrate the Minisonde using the Surveyor 4 display unit a password will have to be entered A password is needed for calibration or to make any changes to the sonde set up or the Surveyor 4 display set up The password for both Surveyor 4 units 6 and 7 is without the quotes The fresh flow circulator the stirrer is an integrated sensor that is situated next to the dissolved oxygen sensor and as such should be shut off during calibration The general calibration procedure as described in the Hydrolab H20 System Calibration Procedures section should be followed To calibrate the Hydrolab Minisonde utilizing the Surveyor 4 display unit press the key Calibrate and then Sonde Next choose each individual parameter for calibration as follows DO Sat for dissolved oxygen calibration SpCond us cm for specific conductance calibration Turb NTUs for turbidity calibration if turbidity sensors are installed pH Units for
80. ers are responsible for maintaining and calibrating individually assigned pH meters A pH METER LOG must be kept with the pH meter at all times These logs should be folded and kept in zip locked bags inside the pH meter case A copy of the pH meter operating instructions should also be kept in a zip locked bag inside the meter case The pH meter should be calibrated before every sampling period route using a 7 00 Standard Units su buffer and 10 00 su slope buffer solution Buffers should be replaced at least Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 60 of 86 weekly and should be replaced more often in heavy use periods All calibration dates and buffer replacements should be recorded in the log If the log is full consult the personnel who is responsible for the pH meter maintenance for a new blank log and to file the old log sheet 2 10 2 1 Calibration of Cole Parmer Model 5985 80 Digi Sense pH Meter 2 10 2 1 1 General When calibrating field pH meters it is best to use a slope buffer that will closely resemble the pH of the waters that you are sampling For Indiana surface waters a slope buffer of 10 00 su should be used Indiana surface waters tend to be more alkaline With this in mind each pH meter case should contain pH buffer 7 00 and 10 00 su A rinse bottle full of distilled water should be used in place of the pH buffer 4 00 This rinse water should be replaced every time the buffers are replaced When using th
81. f flow This can be accomplished with something as simple as wooden stakes with increments The study should be done at a steady state period 3 Initiate study Dye should be injected as a slug at the outfall point This should be done as rapidly as possible since this represents a dye peak at this point Automatic samplers or personnel should be in place down stream in order to start sampling at the estimated times necessary to capture the leading edge and peak of the dye cloud It is also desirable to capture the trailing edge though sometimes not practical It is common practice to define the trailing edge as the time when the dye concentration drops to 10 of the peak value Samples should be collected every 15 minutes until the dye arrives Then sample at 10 of the travel time Example If the dye takes 30 minutes to arrive then sample at 3 to 5 minute intervals Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 52 of 86 Table 2 6 Time of Travel Approximation Stream Miles Velocity 1 2 3 4 5 6 Feet Sec HRS MIN HRS MIN HRS MIN HRS MIN HRS MIN HRS MIN 14 42 29 24 44 06 58 48 73 30 88 12 14 42 22 03 29 24 36 45 44 06 14 40 19 36 24 30 29 24 06 227 454 948 1215 1442 08 150 340 530 720 910 309 3 18 0 09 01 4 Collect and read dye samples with a fluorometer The Surveys section uses a Turner Model 10 fluorometer for this purpose The operator of t
82. fle plates if necessary 13 If the weir pool is smaller than defined by the above criteria the velocity of approach may be too high and the head reading too low Weirs should be installed and maintained to make the velocity of approach negligible but where this is not possible appropriate corrections should be made 2 6 2 3 Flumes 1 The Palmer Bowlus flume 2 The Leopold Lagco flume 3 The Parshall flume A Parshall flume is a specially shaped open channel flow section which may be installed in a channel lateral or ditch to measure the rate of flow of water The constricted throat of the flume produces a differential head that can be related to discharge The crest followed by the downwardly sloping floor gives the Parshall flumes its ability to withstand relatively high degrees of submergence without affecting the rate of flow The converging upstream portion of the flume accelerates the entering flow thereby essentially eliminating the deposition of sediment which would otherwise reduce measurement accuracy Velocity of approach which often is a detrimental factor in the operation of weirs usually has little effect on the rate of discharge of the flume The approaching flow should however be well distributed across the channel and should be relatively free of turbulence eddies and waves Flumes should not be located where they are subjected to high velocity due to pump cycles or force mains Discharge through a Parshall flume can o
83. ften The sonde should be allowed to sit overnight to allow the dissolved oxygen membrane to relax before calibration The pH measurement system consist of a pH glass electrode and a pH reference electrode The pH glass electrode requires maintenance only when a coating of oil dirt or biological growth Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 78 of 86 is observed The pH glass electrode should be cleaned with a cotton ball wetted with rubbing alcohol The pH reference electrolyte should be replaced every two months Maintenance on the pH reference electrode should definitely be conducted if the pH readings seem to drift or if the porous junction is observed to be dirty or coated with biological growth Maintenance on the specific conductance sensor consisting of six pin shaped nickel electrodes located under the white cell block should be cleaned at least once a year or sooner if fouling is observed 2 12 THE HYDROLAB MINISONDE MULTIPROBE SYSTEM 2 12 1 INTRODUCTION The Hydrolab Minisonde multiparameter sensor unit allows for a real time readout of dissolved oxygen pH temperature specific conductance depth total dissolved solids and turbidity The unit is compact in size and helps eliminate the need to carry multiple pieces of equipment and reagent chemicals 2 12 1 1 Components of the Hydrolab Minisonde System There are 5 different components that should be utilized in most deployments of the Hydrola
84. h of the vertical 2 6 5 2 Marsh McBirney Model 201 201D and 2000 Current Meters These meters consist of a sensor probe with attached cables and an electronic processor with a panel meter readout The probe consists of an electromagnet inside a molded plastic housing with a pair of electrodes spaced 180 apart on the sensor surface Water flowing around the sensor probe interacts with the electromagnetic field to produce a small voltage in the water near the probe which is sensed by the electrodes This extremely small voltage is amplified demodulated filtered and displayed on the panel meter 2 6 5 2 1 Operation 1 Open carrying case and set selector switch to the CAL position The meter should read in the calibration sector of the meter scale on model 201 meters On the model 201D meters the digital readout should fall between 9 8 10 2 This indicates the batteries are good and the instrument is operating properly If the meter needle does not come within the CAL range replace the batteries and check CAL again If the meter fails to attain the CAL position then it should be sent in for servicing by the manufacturer 2 Place the rubber current probe on either a wading rod or cable suspension unit Set selector switch to the 2 5 5 0 or 10 0 range represents foot per second gradation up to that level for velocity conditions present Remember to wait at least 20 seconds after positioning the probe before reading the panel meter 3 Rea
85. his fluorometer should be familiar with the operating and service manual of this instrument See the Table 7 Fluorometer Settings below Ideally the samples should be read using the fluorometer in the field and again in the lab after the sampling is finished Remember that temperature will affect the readings Avoid letting the samples warm in the sun or in the fluorometer Samples for dye should be collected from just a few inches under the water surface at the centroid of the flow Consistency in sample collection location is required Clean glass cuvettes with caps are used for sample collection Label each cuvette Blanks made with DI water should be used to standardize the fluorometer along with dye standards which are prepared as serial dilutions 2 4 10 20 ppb etc The collector should be sure to collect a background water sample prior to the arrival of the dye The Form TIME OF TRAVEL FIELD SHEET Figure 3 should be used to log sampling information at each site The data can be presented directly as is on the form or it may be reduced further 5 Equipment and supplies fluorometer power supply auto battery gloves dye measuring container waders and cuvettes Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 53 of 86 Table 2 7 Fluorometer Settings Min Sensitivity Top Scale 0 10 ppb 100x x3 16 Bottom Scale 0 3 ppb x10 Top Scale 0 1 ppb x31 6 Bottom Scale 0 0 316 ppb x31
86. hows the velocity for a given number of revolutions in a given time interval Forty seconds is the smallest time interval listed on the rating table This time interval is required to obtain a time average velocity at the point The user would be well advised to memorize the stop counts in the columns of the rating table as stopping the count in some intermediate number of revolutions 27 for example negates the use of the table and requires the use of an equation to calculate the velocity In order to ensure consistent accuracy with a current meter good preventive maintenance is a must For all vane type meters such as the Price a most important maintenance item is the protection of the pivot and the pivot bearing The pivot assembly provides a low friction surface on which the bucket wheel is supported If the pivot becomes blunted or the pivot bearing damaged the resistance increases and the meter will give low velocity readings The greatest potential for damage occurs when a meter is transported with the pivot bearing and pivot in contact On the Price meters a raising nut is provided When screwed down the raising nut lifts the pivot bearing off the pivot and prevents contact Whenever a Price meter is transported if only across the river the raising nut should be screwed down This pivot may be replaced by the operational pivot by loosening the set screw at the front of the yoke and slipping one pivot out and the other in Do not attempt
87. ids settle to within approximately one inch of the bottom of the bottle Repeat step four 4 After the solids have settled remove stopper and add 2 mL of 50 H5SO Rinse bottle in sample water Qo po on Invert D O bottle several times If solid precipitate persists add an additional 2 mL 50 H5SO replace the stopper rinse the bottle as before and invert several more times 9 Pourcontents of D O bottle into titration flask 10 Titrate sample using a burette with 0 0344 N sodium thiosulfate solution to a pale straw yellow color 11 Add starch solution from squeeze bottle until the sample water turns dark blue Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 66 of 86 12 Continue titrating until the sample becomes completely clear Check sample against something white to be sure 13 On the field sheet record the amount of sodium thiosulfate used as the D O measurement 14 Rinse all glassware when finished and put back into kit 2 10 3 1 4 General Notes A general description of the analytical methods reagents and equipment needed to run the azide modification of the Winkler Method can be found in Standard Methods 20th Edition This method is modified slightly when used by Surveys section personnel These modifications involve changes in the volume of solution titrated and the normality of the sodium thiosulfate titrant The normality of the thiosulfate titrant has been changed from the 0 025N s
88. important to note that the setting on the SCALING CONSTANT switches establishes the volumetric units for the flow meter For example if the SCALING CONSTANT switches were set in terms of gallons per second the flow rate would be measured and transmitted to an external recording device in gallons per second flow would be totalized in gallons and an associated sampler Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 27 of 86 would be paced in a flow proportional mode in gallons The exponential portion of the setting on the SCALING CONSTANT switches also establishes a multiplying factor which must be applied to the reading on the TOTAL FLOW counter and the settings of the SAMPLER INITIATION SIGNAL switch Table 2 4 Set Up Example for ISCO 2870 Flow Meter Set Up Example for ISCO 2870 Flow Meter Primary device 90 degree v notch weir Scaling constant 1 ft 18 7 GPS 1 87 1 Estimated flow 450 MGD Total sample volume 15 0 liters Number of samples 45 300 mL sample L 450 000 divided by 45 samples 10 000 gallons sample L 10 000 gallons interval between samples L Set volumetric units flow pulse switch at 100 100 x scaling constant x xx 1 100x 10 1 000 gallons flow pulse L Set sampler for 10 flow pulses sample interval L Set sampler to collect 300 mL sample L Three samples bottle For example consider a SCALING CONSTANT setting of 6 42 1 gallons per second The expon
89. it into the slope buffer most likely 10 00 E5 will disappear when the electrode is placed in the slope buffer and the value of the buffer will then appear on the display Wait 30 seconds for the sensors to stabilize and write down the reading under the Meter Rd column and press CON The pH meter is now calibrated 8 Rinse electrode with distilled water and place black plastic tip with KCI Potassium Chloride solution back onto sensor end Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 61 of 86 2 10 2 1 2 Operation 1 2 3 4 Note Connect the pH electrode and the ATC probe if ATC probe is used Take plastic tip off of pH sensor end Inspect bulb to make sure it is clean Push the ON OFF button to turn unit on Then push Range until the display indicates the desired mode The unit should already be in the pH mode when it is turned on For the temperature measurement press the RANGE key until the degrees Celsius symbol appears Press the RANGE key again to get millivolts displayed as mv This parameter is not recorded so ignore this Press the Range key again to display the pH mode Rinse electrode with distilled water and place black plastic tip with KCl solution back onto sensor end When using the instrument press the keys firmly and hold for a half second Please consult the operating manual for further operating instructions 2 10 2 1 3 Additional Notes 1 Disconnect pH sensor cable an
90. jecting the number required for a survey As with the glass composite jugs sodium thiosulfate crystals must be added to the vials when sampling chlorinated effluents Sludge samples for all toxic parameters except the volatile organics must be collected in one pint glass solvent rinsed jars with aluminum foil lined caps Two jars per sludge sampling site will assure sufficient sample Sludge sample collection for VOCs is collected in the 40 mL purgeable vials simply by pushing the vial directly into the sludge forcing out all air and bubbles in the process One vial per sampling site is sufficient for analyses of all VOCs If the sludge is in a liquid state more sample might be needed All heavy metal parameters and mercury are composited into one two liter plastic bottle A one liter plastic bottle is used for each cyanide composite sample to be collected Preservatives are added on site Standard blanks should also be prepared using the same preservatives 2 5 3 3 Manual Sampling Preparation Solvent rinsed stainless steel buckets should be used in these instances where manual sampling is required The buckets should be covered by aluminum foil immediately after solvent rinsing in the laboratory to prevent contamination during transport to the sampling site 2 5 4 ON SITE SAMPLE COLLECTION 2 5 4 1 Automatic Sampler Set Up for Compositing Samples Refer to the ISCO sampler Model 2700 operation manual for basic information on set up Curre
91. led indicate as A B C etc from left to right bank 3 Actual military time 4 Fluorometer dial reading on scales used Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 56 of 86 2 8 STREAM REACH STUDY PROCEDURES 2 8 1 INTRODUCTION Stream reach studies are in essence mini basin surveys but are designed more towards the acquisition of specific types of data for designated uses Wasteload allocations stream model calibration permit limit qualifications and permit compliance are some of the activities to which acquired data may be applied The stream survey usually covers approximately a 6 mile reach within which is a permitted point source discharge or a specific site where a new discharge 15 proposed Data must be collected upstream of the existing or proposed discharge point and then for at least five miles downstream preferably at intervals of one mile or less Any existing discharges must also be included 2 8 2 DATA REQUIREMENTS The following table lists minimum data requirements for certain projects and recommended flow stages In some low gradient slow moving streams sediment oxygen demand and reaeration data may be necessary By combining the table criteria many data needs can be supplied with one good survey done under proper flow conditions Make sure that all field and lab data sheets required by the type of survey conducted are filled in completely Table 2 8 Stream Reach Study Minimum Da
92. lling calibration cup Again make sure not to trap any air bubbles in the U shaped turbidity sensor and fill calibration cup so solution is just over the D O sensor 8 Select Calibrate from display unit and then Enter the value of your slope solution 40 ntu by using the arrow keys and then select enter Select Y to save calibration 9 Dump used turbidity 40 ntu solution in extra cup marked 40 ntu Rinse This can be used for future calibration The turbidity calibration is complete 2 11 8 HYDROLAB MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES All sensors should be continuously checked for objectionable deposits and kept clean All maintenance and calibration for each unit should be recorded in the Hydrolab Log Book During all calibration procedures the drift difference between the standard solution value and the reading before calibration is set should be noted and recorded in the log book The drift is important because it can aid in determining an undetectable fouling of sensors a shift in the calibration of the system or a slowly failing sensor The dissolved oxygen sensor membrane and electrolyte should be changed on a regular basis The manufacturer however does not specify how often this should be done From experience it is felt that changing the membrane and electrolyte every two months is probably sufficient if no fouling has occurred In heavy use periods i e summer the membrane and electrolyte might need to be changed more o
93. me of Travel in Streams by Dye Tracing From Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the United States Geological Survey Chapter A9 U S Department of Interior U S Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation 1967 Water Measurement Manual 2nd Edition Denver Colorado Rantz S E and others 1982 Measurement and computation of streamflow U S Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2175 Ratcliff B L and GhiasUddin S M 1999 Trace Metals Pilot Project 1998 Fall Creek Watershed Study Report Indiana Department of Environmental Management November 1999 Roseboom D P R L Evans W Wany T A Butts and R M Twait 1979 Effects of Bottom Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 85 of 86 Conditions of Eutrophy of Impoundment s circular 139 Illinois Natural History Survey Urbana Illinois U S Department of the Interior 1965 Surface Water Techniques Measurement of Discharge by Dye Dilution Methods Book 1 Chapter 14 Washington D C U S Department of the Interior 1968 Techniques of Water Resources Investigations of the U S Geological Survey Fluorometric Procedures for Dye Tracing U S Government Printing Office Washington D C U S Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2175 titled Measurement and Computation of Stream flow Volume 1 Measurement of Stage and Discharge Volume 2 Computation of discharge U S Government Printing Office Washington 1982 U S Environm
94. merged flow condition will occur instead of the free flow condition required for reliable flow measurement The device for measuring the head flow meter should be placed upstream at a distance of at least 3 times the maximum expected head on the weir and should be located in a quiet section of the channel away from all disturbances preferable in a stilling well Also the zero point of the head measuring device must be set exactly level with the weir crest The crest of the weir must be kept clean Fibers stringy materials and larger particles tend to cling to the crest and should be removed periodically The Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 38 of 86 upstream side of the weir should also be periodically purged of accumulated silt and solids 11 The weir size should be selected only after preliminary studies have determined the expected flow rates in the channel in question The Manning formula can sometimes be used to estimate the flow rate in open channels 12 The cross sectional area of the approach channel should be at least 8 times that of the nappe at the crest for a distance upstream of 15 to 20 times the head of the crest This is necessary to minimize the velocity of approach The approach channel should also permit the liquid to approach the weir in a smooth stream free from turbulence and the velocity should be uniformly distributed over the channel this may be accomplished through the use of baf
95. mined by the resources available in terms of manpower equipment and the physical size of the waterbody segment under study How much dye to be used is calculated from the Computation For Time of Travel Worksheet Sometimes more than one injection site may be used This is done in order to save time when stream velocities are quite slow Great care must be taken in this case though in order to avoid confusion in overlapping the dye clouds For purposes of modeling the water body flow should not exceed 10X the Q7 10 at the time of the T O T study 2 Determine the sites where waterbody sampling will be done and whether it will be manual or by automatic sampler in order to track the dye The waterbody stream reach must be physically inspected as much as possible for dams water intakes outfalls pools riffles i e anything which could affect flow so that allowances can be made How often samples will be collected should be determined at this point in your planning Usually 20 to 30 samples are taken to define the time concentration curve at each sampling location Usually 3 to 4 sites are used downstream for sampling over a distance of approximately 5 miles Perform preliminary flow measurements This must be accomplished just prior to the T O T study in order to calculate the dye required and to estimate the T O T to aid in sampling see the Time of Travel Approximation in Table 6 below Markers can be set at this time to help monitor the stage o
96. ng pack adapter should be in the battery pack Simply connect the battery pack cable to the charging adapter and plug into electrical outlet An overnight recharge time is probably sufficient 4 Donot sharply bend or kink the cables Watch the cable when shutting the tailgate of the vehicle Do not get in a hurry and slam it in the door These cables are expensive to replace Keep the cables rolled up as best as possible 5 Try not to drop the plastic PVC tubes The tubes will crack on the bottom and start leaking 2 11 5 OPERATING RANGE RESPONSE TIME AND DRIFTS FOR THE H20 UNIT If the Hydrolab readings fall outside any of these ranges response times or drift please Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 73 of 86 consult the Hydrolab Troubleshooting section for in field diagnostics Stability time refers to the expected time needed for the reading to become stable The drift refers to the drift of the Hydrolab reading after appropriate stability time has been allowed for sensor equilibrium Note Even under ideal sampling conditions some of the Hydrolab readings will not totally stabilize Table 2 10 Hydrolab Operational Parameters Parameter Range Stability Time Drift Dissolved Oxygen 2 14 mg L 1 5 minutes 0 1 mg L PH 6 9 su 1 minute 0 1 su Conductivity 100 3 000 us cm 1 minute 1 us cm Turbidity 1 800 NTU lt 1 minute 5 NTU Temperature 0 40 degrees Celsius lt 1 minute 0 1 degrees Celsius 2 11 6 HYDROLAB
97. nly satisfactorily tested reagent water from stills or deionization units may be used to prepare media reagents and dilution rinse water for performing bacteriological analyses Reagent water quality criteria are listed in Table 2 4 Table 2 2 Reagent Water Quality Criteria for Bacteriological Analysis Parameter Limits Frequency Conductivity lt 2 micromhos cm at 25 C Monthly Pb Cd Cr Cu Ni Zn lt 0 05 mg L per contaminant Annually Collectively no greater than 0 1mg L Heterotrophic Plate Count lt 500 mL Monthly Pour Plate Method See Standard Methods 9215B Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 21 of 86 2 3 1 11 Pipets To sterilize and maintain sterility of glass pipets stainless steel or aluminum canisters can be used or individual pipets should be wrapped in char resistant paper or aluminum foil Pipets must have legible markings and should not be chipped or etched Opened packs of disposable sterile pipets should be resealed between use periods Pipets delivering volumes of 10 mL or less must be accurate within a 2 5 tolerance 2 3 1 12 Laboratory Equipment and Supplies The laboratory must have the equipment and supplies needed to perform the approved methods 2 3 2 ANALYTICAL METHODOLOGY FOR COLILERT Water samples should be shaken vigorously about 25 times before adding media 2 3 2 1 Use of Colilert Media Each new lot of dehydrated or prepared commercial medium should
98. ntly only equal volume composites for the base neutral fraction organochlorine pesticides phenols and PCBs are collected in the single glass jug using an automatic samplers When assembling a sampler for toxic sampling the tubing should be extended two 2 inches into the amber jug If tubing is more than two 2 inches it is possible that when the jug is nearly full sample will be withdrawn during the postpurge cycle The sampler tubing and strainer should be unwrapped just prior to set up with care being given to handling to minimize contamination One hour sequences for aliquot collection is the most commonly used programming interval The staff person should evaluate the circumstances at a particular sampling site and determine the intervals needed to make the most representative sample Upon completion of sampler programming ice should be added to the sampler tub to preserve the sample at 4 C during collection 2 5 4 2 Collection of Volatile Organic Samples Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 34 of 86 Ideally VOCs should be sampled below the surface of a liquid source to minimize volatilization which would occur by turbulence of the liquid entering the vials In practical sampling situations this is difficult to achieve without some aeration while transferring the sample from the manual collection apparatus to the sample vial If at all possible the sample should not be skimmed from the surface of the sampling
99. olution described in Standard Methods to 0 0335N sodium thiosulfate This more concentrated solution is used to titrate 272 mL 3 mL of the water solution prepared for dissolved oxygen analysis The 272 mL 3 mL volume is the volume of the D O bottle used to collect the sample Thus the field investigator does not have to measure the 200 mL volume called for in the procedure in Standard Methods The bottles used by field personnel have been selected for this volume 272 3 mL by water laboratory personnel Studies conducted by water laboratory personnel show that no significant differences were found in values when dissolved oxygen analyses were done in this manner compared to the procedure outlined in Standard Methods 2 10 4 TOTAL RESIDUAL CHLORINE 2 10 4 1 Operation of HACH Pocket Colorimeter Test 0 2 1 Filla 10 mL cell to the 10 mL line with sample and cap Note Samples must be analyzed immediately and cannot be preserved for later analysis 2 Note Be sure the instrument is in the low range mode See the instruction manual page 18 3 Add continents of one DPD Total Chlorine Powder Pillow to the sample cell the prepared sample Cap the cell and gently shake for 20 seconds 4 Note A pink color will develop if chlorine is present 5 Note Accuracy is not affected by undissolved powder 6 Note Gently shaking the cell dissipates bubbles which may form in samples containing dissolved gases 7 Wait at least
100. om ice machine One 1 large ziplock bag containing marking pens and bottle labels Waders One 1 set of USGS gage keys Required preservatives for sampling event All field laboratory and chain of custody sheets for route with clipboard Route maps topographic maps and state map One 1 cell phone for every vehicle Safety Glasses indicates non wadeable bridge sampling sites only Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 16 of 86 2 2 2 SAMPLE BOTTLE AND SAMPLING EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS Only Teflon sample bottles and any necessary sampling equipment which have been cleaned tested and double bagged in a Class 100 clean bench or equivalent and certified clean through appropriate testing relative to the relevant EPA test methods can be used Uncertified Teflon sample bottles and sampling equipment cannot be used because they may be a source of possible contamination Teflon sample bottles and any necessary sampling equipment are to be obtained from the contract laboratory performing the desired analyses 2 2 3 SAMPLE COLLECTION The collection of samples is performed using the clean hands dirty hands technique described in EPA method 1669 USEPA 1996 Bottles are sealed tightly and re bagged using the opposite series of steps as were used to open them Samples are preserved immediately u
101. on group maintains responsibility for final editing publication and distribution of documents produced by the Surveys section Documents produced by the section are published on the Internet Mapping and graphical representation of data are provided to the Surveys section and the Assessment Branch staff as well as other Agency personnel by the Data Administration group Data requests from interested parties outside of the section are received and filled The Data Administration group has also been assigned responsibility for maintaining the Assessment Branch s database the Assessment Information Management System or AIMS 2 0 PROCEDURAL GUIDELINES 2 1 SAMPLING PROCEDURES 2 1 1 GENERAL These procedures apply to all water samples collected by Surveys section personnel for laboratory chemical analysis during surface water monitoring and stream surveys It is necessary to know how to take a sample that is most representative of the stream lake or wastewater It is obvious that improper sampling will give erroneous results It is also important to maintain the integrity of that sample by preservation if necessary and to get the sample to the laboratory for analysis within the required holding time Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 9 of 86 Table 1 1 Surveys Section Staffing Table Art Garceau Surveys Section Chief 308 3381 Watershed Fixed Station Special Projects Data Administration Monitoring Grou
102. op of each control box These samplers are primarily used in a timed interval mode in which discrete aliquots or samples are collected at fixed intervals A flow weighted sample is then achieved by proportioning the aliquots according to a continuous flow recording which is made during the sampling period A further explanation of this method can be found in the U S EPA NPDES Compliance Manual USEPA 1977 All sampler models can be used with the ISCO flow meter models 2870 and 3230 to produce automatically flow weighted composites However it must be known with some accuracy what the total flow for the 24 hour sampling period will be in order for this technique to be used See page 14 of this Manual in reference to setting up sequential flow sampling With the exception of the model 6000 the plastic bottles used in these samplers restrict sample collection to general chemistry BOD suspended solids pH etc nutrients ammonia phosphorus TKN etc and metals parameters Some of the 2700 models have been modified to hold a single 2 1 2 gallon glass container for toxic pollutant sample collection Samples for toxic pollutants should contact only tetrafluoroethylene Teflon glass and or medical grade silicone rubber in the peristaltic pump transport system Refer to the toxic sample collection section of this SOP for an in depth explanation of this method Important considerations when setting up automatic samplers include water quality and flow
103. ory A separate bottle or carboy filled with reagent water is used for the field blank and provided by the contract laboratory 1 Tocollect the field blank open an empty sample bottle using the clean hands dirty hands technique described above Also open the bottle or carboy containing the reagent water 2 Pour the reagent water into the empty sample bottle This is now the field blank If a sampling pump Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter are utilized the reagent water must be pumped through this equipment prior to pouring into the sample bottle The field blank is collected prior to the collection of a sample After field blank collection the Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter do not have to be changed prior to actual sample collection if this equipment is utilized 3 Re bag the field blank in the opposite order it was removed 4 field duplicate will be collected with every 10 samples or as described in the sampling plan A sample bottle for the field duplicate should be requested from the laboratory A separate sample bottle is used to collect the field duplicate The field duplicate is collected in the same manner as an actual water sample The field duplicate is collected immediately after the original sample
104. oss section a correction must be made The most convenient method is to use USGS Form 9 275 Field Note Sheet Around the outer margins are printed the cosine values of the possible angles of flow By aligning the point of origin 0 on the left side of the Field Sheet with the edge of the bridge rail and turning the sheet until the right edge aligns with the direction of flow the cosine of the angle of flow can be read The cosine is then multiplied times the measured velocity for the correct speed 2 6 5 4 Measuring Stream Flow 2 6 5 4 1 General In stream flow measurements are taken by the Surveys Section in wadeable streams where there are no USGS stream gaging stations This method of measurement requires the stream to be divided into at least 20 sections with equal amounts of flow and volume The average velocity and area is then measured for each section The product of Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 49 of 86 each sections width depth and velocity is the flow for the section which is measured in feet per second fps The sum of flow for all the sections of a stream is equal to the flow of the stream in cubic feet per second cfs Figure 2 2 Stylized Cross Section of Stream Demonstrating Flow Measurement TAPE MEASURE NOT TO SCALE 2 6 5 4 2 Selecting the Best Cross Section of a Stream for In stream Flow Measurement 1 Examine the stream reach for cross sections and select the one that is
105. ound the turbidity sensor Hydrolab turbidity readings might drift plus or minus 2 3 ntu and might never really stabilize Use Best Professional Judgement BPJ when recording this reading Allow sufficient time for readings to stabilize Sensors need to equilibrate to sample temperature and a longer than normal stabilization period should be expected at the first site maybe as long as 5 to 10 minutes especially if the sonde was left in a very hot vehicle The sonde unit should be left submerged in the PVC tube with the previous sample site water during transit between sampling sites A small red cooler should be used to hold the PVC tube in a somewhat upright position between sampling sites Current sampling site water should be used to thoroughly rinse the Hydrolab unit and the PVC tube before the final current sample water is poured into the PVC tube for analysis 2 11 4 ADDITIONAL OPERATING NOTES FOR THE HYDROLAB UNIT 1 Do not let the Hydrolab sensors dry out Clean sample water or tap water should be used in the screw on cup for storage after sampling run is complete Do not use DI water in the storage cup under any circumstances 2 Never let the Hydrolab unit freeze Units should not be kept in vehicles overnight if the temperature is expected to drop below freezing 3 Keep an eye on the battery voltage If it drops below 10 volts the battery should be recharged If the battery volts drop below 9 the sonde will stop operating A rechargi
106. over ranging feature of the flow meter the EXPAND 2 position will be chosen for this example Thus place the RECORDER MODE SPAN switch in the EXPAND 2 position establishing the recorder full scale as 0 2 CFS Place the CHART SPEED switch in the 1 INCH PER HOUR position Using the Chart Manual Advance thumb wheel synchronize the pen position on the chart with the real time of day Assuming the a moderate amount of sediment will accumulate upstream of the flume at the level measuring point select a moderate automatic purge rate by placing the PURGE switch in the 15 MINUTES position To conserve power place the PEN OPERATION switch in the NORMAL position Place the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the LEVEL position to allow the level currently being measured by the flow meter to be shown on the display Using the LEVEL ADJUST control adjust the level indicated on the display to match the actual level at the measuring point in the flume Note that with a Palmer Bowlus flume the zero reference level is not the invert of the sewer but rather is the floor of the flume Since there is no sampler in the system the SAMPLER INITIATION SIGNAL switch may be left in any position Depress the TOTAL FLOW counter to reset the counter to zero The volumetric units of cubic feet may be written in the VOLUMETRIC UNITS box to the side of the counter The multiplying factor of 0 1 may also be written in the space provided 2 6 3 2 Instructions for ISCO Flow Rate
107. p Monitoring Group Group Group Larry McFall Mark Holdeman Steve Boswell Chuck Bell Senior Environmental Senior Environmental Senior Environmental Senior Environmental Manager Manager Manager Manager 308 3200 308 3198 308 3201 308 3203 Vacant Sam Gibson Tim Beckman Joanna Wood Environmental Manager Environmental Manager Environmental Manager Environmental Manager 308 3197 308 3195 308 3211 Jim Butler Joel Armstrong Roseann Hirschinger Cindy Martin Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist 308 3199 308 3196 308 3204 308 3081 Elizabeth Klicker David Arnold Ryan McDuffee Vacant Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist Environmental Scientist Laboratory Tech 3 308 3361 308 3398 308 3194 Table 1 2 Surveys Section Contact Persons Tim Beckman Hydrolab turbidimeter and pH meter maintenance Calibration standards DI water system maintenance digital camera Steve Boswell ISCO Automatic Samplers Current Meter maintenance Ryan McDuffee Boat and boat trailer maintenance Larry McFall Flow measurement equipment and automatic sampler maintenance Summer intern coordinator Sam Gibson Vehicle maintenance Chuck Bell Laptop computers Mark Holdeman Health and safety Elizabeth Klicker Cellular phone maintenance Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 10 of 86 2 1 2 SAMPLING LOCATIO
108. pH calibration 2 13 THE HYDROLAB DATASONDE 2 13 1 INTRODUCTION The Hydrolab Datasonde 3 and Datasonde 4 loggers are off line units that are completely submersible They can be deployed and left for unattended monitoring until recovered at the end of their deployment period These datasondes can monitor dissolved oxygen pH temperature and conductivity Each Datasonde unit should be calibrated before and after each deployment period The post calibration procedures should be conducted on sensors that Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 80 of 86 have not been cleaned of any biological fouling This is especially important for the dissolved oxygen sensor because this sensor is the mostly likely to become fouled during deployment The post calibration of datasondes is very important in order to account for any changes that have occurred during the deployment period Calibration programming and downloading of these units require the use of a personal computer with a communication software package All calibration procedures are the same as for the H20 units Please consult that section for details 2 13 2 PROCEDURES FOR DEPLOYMENT OF DATASONDE 1 If you are not the person calibrating and programming the Datasonde give at least 72 hours notice to the individual doing the set up 2 Always use a weighted sensor guard or a stirrer to protect the probes 3 Datasondes must be secured and locked when deployed Use
109. pon collection and are shipped to the contract laboratory via overnight courier for the desired analyses Ideally at least two people each wearing fresh talc free polyethylene gloves wrist size or equivalent are required on a sampling crew Fresh gloves should be worn at all times when handling samples or sampling equipment 1 One person designated dirty hands removes a bagged bottle from the box or cooler and opens the outer bag avoiding touching the inside surface of the bag 2 The other person designated clean hands reaches in opens the inner bag and removes the sample bottle Clean hands should not touch anything but the outside surface of the sample bottle and cap If anything other than the sample bottle cap or water is touched clean hands must change gloves 3 Clean hands opens the sample bottle and holds the bottle in one hand and the cap in the other If it is necessary to set the cap down it should be placed in the inner bag from which the sample bottle was removed The sample is collected from just below the surface of the water at or near the centroid of flow or transferred from a bigger pre cleaned bottle used for sample collection Sampling locations are selected as far away from bridges as possible in order to minimize contamination from road or bridge dust and debris Due to the potential for contamination sampling will not occur during a rain event because rain is known to contain mercury wet atmosphe
110. pyrighted 1998 Isco Instrument Manual Model 2900 Sampler Copyrighted 1986 Isco Instrument Manual Model 2870 Sampler Copyrighted 1986 Isco Instrument Manual Model 3230 Flow Meter Revision H Copyrighted 1990 Isco Instruction Manual Model 6100 Volatile Organic Sampler Revision D Copyrighted 1993 1995 Isco Instruction Manual Model 1680 Sampler With LED Readout Copyright 1975 Marsh McBirney Inc Model 2000 Portable Water Flowmeter Instruction Manual December 1990 Oakton Operating Instructions for pH 5 and pH 6 Acorn Series Meters Printed 8 98 Turner Designs Model 10 series Fluorometer User s Manual October 1990 YSI Incorporated 6 Series Environmental Monitoring Systems Operations Manual 4 3 HEALTH AND SAFETY REFERENCES Water Quality Surveys Section Laboratory and Field Hazard Communication Plan Supplement document number IDEM 032 02 018 1998 Water Quality Surveys Section Hazcom Safety Manual Material Safety Data Sheets Notebook for the Surveys Section
111. r to warm up for 5 to 10 minutes after being turned on providing the level measurement system time to stabilize Place the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the SCALING CONSTANT setting A setting of 5 16 1 should be shown on the display If desired the maximum head programmed into the module may also be verified by placing the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the MAXIMUM LEVEL position A level of 0 469 should be shown on the display Adjust the BUBBLE RATE valve to obtain a bubble rate of approximately 1 to 2 bubbles per second Place the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the CALIBRATE RECORDER ZERO position and confirm or set the zero position of the recorder pen Place the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the RECORDER FULL SCALE position Select the desired flow rate span on the RECORDER MODE SPAN switch Since it is desired to obtain precise flow rate information from the chart the AUTOMATIC SCALING method of selecting the flow rate span should probably be used This method results in even chart divisions making subsequent reading of the chart much easier The value set on the module s SCALING CONSTANT switches is 5 16 1 5 16 X 10 1 0 516 cubic feet per second For the AUTOMATIC SCALING method of selecting the flow rate span the three available RECORDER MODE SPAN switch settings are NORMAL 1 0 CFS EXPAND 1 0 50 CFS EXPAND 2 0 20 CFS With the DISPLAY SELECT switch in the RECORDER FULL SCALE position the full scale values associated with the three AUTO
112. ric deposition The people collecting the sample should be wary of disturbing the flow upstream of the sampling point 4 Rinse the sample bottle and the inside surface of the cap three times with sample water and fill the bottle to the top with sample while leaving enough void volume to accommodate the appropriate volume of the various preservatives Replace the cap and tighten securely Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 17 of 86 5 Re bag the bottle in the opposite order it was removed If during sampling a sampling pump Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter are utilized this equipment must be handled in the same manner as the sample bottles are handled using the clean hands dirty hands technique 7 Ifa sampling pump Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter are utilized this equipment must be purged with sample for one minute before the sample is collected 8 Gloves should be changed between samples and whenever anything not known to be trace metal clean is touched 2 2 4 COLLECTION OF FIELD BLANKS AND FIELD DUPLICATES A field blank will be collected with every 10 samples or as described in the sampling plan A sample bottle for the field blank should be requested from the laborat
113. ro 2 6 3 3 3 Flumes All flumes have different equations for each particular type The Parshall flume is the most common type of flume you will encounter Once you determine the flow equation for the particular flume you are working on just plug in the result and follow the same procedures as previously mentioned above again making sure that the part of the equation after the sign equals zero 2 6 3 4 Conclusion Most of the problems that are experienced will be with odd sized rectangular weirs both with and without end contractions Since the ISCO 3230 flow meter standard program menu will not allow programming for over a 10 foot weir crest length the flow equation must be entered manually in order to set up a weir with a crest length greater than 10 foot All other normal sized primary flow devices v notch weirs Parshall flumes etc should be able to be programmed using the standard program menu 2 6 4 MAINTENANCE AND CALIBRATION OF ISCO METER EQUIPMENT 2 6 4 1 General In order to insure adequate confidence levels in the survey activities the maintenance of all of the ISCO Flow Meters are of prime importance A log book has been set up for these Flow Meters Maintenance and calibration instructions are contained in the manufacturer supplied manuals The following duties always apply to all personnel using the ISCO Flow Meters 1 Use all sign in out log books The personnel in charge of the ISCO Flow Meters will
114. rod The top set rod has a main column 1 2 inch hexagonal stock Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 46 of 86 which is graduated in 0 1 foot increments for measuring the depth Interval markings follow the convention of a single mark every 0 1 foot a double mark for each 0 5 foot increment and a triple mark at each whole foot increment For most suspension systems the 0 2 0 6 and 0 8 depths must be calculated from the total depth as determined by sounding 1 the meter or sensor will be positioned on the wading rod or other suspension at either 0 2 0 6 or 0 8 of the depth as measured from the surface However the top set wading rod has a feature which allows the current meter or sensor to automatically be set at the 0 6 level The depth of the vertical is read on the hexagonal sounding rod Then the meter or sensor is placed in the 0 6 depth position appropriate for the measured depth by the meter positioning rod Example if the depth is 1 4 feet the 1 mark of the meter positioning rod is set even with the 4 mark on the grip of the wading rod To move the meter positioning rod the brake must be released by pushing the brake in toward the grip with the thumb When releasing the brake hold on to the positioning rod so that the meter does not slam into the ground When the positioning rod is in this position the meter will be suspended exactly 0 84 feet below the surface which is 0 6 times 1 4 the dept
115. rom each site can be made by the user if necessary Provide physical descriptions of each site and the stream in general General topography can sometimes be determined by slope and time of travel comparisons in conjunction with the actual observations made at each sample site For example very slow time of travel in an area of fairly high gradient would indicate the long pool riffle pool genre of stream Mention land use and geography of reach under study Briefly discuss field data and laboratory data in relation to water quality standards If a facility was sampled compare data with permit limits Document anything else that is thought to be pertinent such as riparian activities which may threaten stream quality i e livestock in stream bank erosion etc 2 9 MEASUREMENT OF SEDIMENT BENTHIC OXYGEN DEMAND 9 10 11 2 9 1 GENERAL Benthic oxygen demand may be broadly defined as the oxygen consumed from the overlaying water by the biochemical oxygen demands of the assemblage of micro and macro organisms associated with bottom sediments and substrates Inorganic chemical oxidation reactions also contribute to the demand but are usually minor when compared with the biological demands The on site measurements of benthic oxygen demand are made by using a chamber respirometer with a means of internally circulating the water This chamber is then sunk a predetermined depth into the bottom sediments The operation consists essentiall
116. rted underwater so that all air is expelled Flip the respirometer right side up underwater and check the cables once more for secure attachments Turn on the stirrer and probe switches and follow the procedure of the dissolved oxygen meter to check operation 13 Note the surface DO and lower the respirometer to just above the bottom and note the DO there 14 Seat the respirometer and allow the DO to stabilize before recording the dissolved oxygen This stabilization usually takes two to five minutes A bad seal will be noticeable if within 15 to 30 minutes there is not a DO drop or there is a DO increase along with a surface DO increase 15 Dissolved oxygen concentrations are recorded manually either at 5 to 10 minute intervals or noting the time when the DO changes every 0 1 ppm A DO recorder should also be used to obtain a permanent record 16 Readings should continue until the dissolved oxygen drop rate is the same or levels off but should not continue over two hours It can then be assumed that the DO will be used at this rate until it is completely consumed 17 All readings are placed on the appropriate form the points plotted on the graph and the rate calculated 18 A Winkler DO titration is taken at the bottom and at the surface The respirometer is pulled from the bottom and DO readings taken at the bottom and surface and compared to the Winkler titration s to check accuracy of the probe In some instances where a stream does not
117. rved at set up churning and splitting must be done separately from the metals and mercury sample All other toxic parameters can be split by means of pouring the composited sample from the glass jug 2 5 6 TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES All samples should be iced while being transported to the laboratory Care should be taken to not submerge the purgeable vials in the ice because it is possible for water to move through the septum cap 2 6 FLOW MEASUREMENT 2 6 1 INTRODUCTION For the most part the following are summaries of the methods employed in the field and are not intended to replace the documents mentioned above Each of the instruments and or methods utilized by the Surveys section personnel are discussed in some detail below 2 6 2 PRIMARY FLOW DEVICES COMMONLY USED FOR MEASURING FLOW IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES 2 6 2 1 Weirs 1 The standard contracted rectangular weir 2 The standard suppressed rectangular weir Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 37 of 86 3 The standard Cipolletti weir 4 The V notch weir 2 6 2 2 Weir Design Requirements To assure accurate discharge measurement there are certain general weir design requirements that apply to all types 1 10 The weir should consist of a thin plate 1 8 to 1 4 inch thick with a straight edge or a thicker plate with a downstream chamfered edge The upstream sharp edge prevents the nappe from adhering to the crest Knife
118. s Meter 2 10 2 3 1 Operation si i ho eer rene ete 2 10 2 3 2 Additional Notes 2 10 3 Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen DO 2 10 5 T Winkler Meth i 2 10 3 1 1 Field Equipment for Winkler Method 2 10 3 1 2 Sampling Methods for Winkler Method 2 10 3 1 3 Winkler Method Sample Preparation and 8 251073 I4 General Notes rere o SERERE 2 10 4 Total Residual Chlorine 2 10 4 1 Operation of HACH Pocket Colorimeter Test 0 2 2 11 THE HYDROLAB H20 MULTIPROBE SYSTEM ssscsssssconssscssssscssssecssscccnsscccsscecnscecensecssneccesneccenneesenseesssssees ZU IT BtrodWetlon sxe oc voces se costes i e EU E seeded ERE NEED dh anaes eats PS ER 2 11 1 1 Components of the Hydrolab H20 2 11 1 2 Assembly of the H20 2 11 1 3 Scout 2 Display Functions 2 11 1 4 Field Calibration Checks of the Hydrolab H20 Unit 2 11 2 How to Record Field Data Using a Field Sheet esee een eene 2 11 3 Operating the Hydrolab H20 System for Field Data Collection 2 11 4 Additional Operating Notes for the Hydrolab Unit seen 2 11 5 Operating Range Response Time and Drifts for the H20 2 11 6 Hydrolab Troubleshooting ien t tette RH etes 2 11 6 1 Dissolved Oxygen 2 11 6 2 21 1 6 3 Conductivity REED ao een NRI EE 2 11 6
119. s de et ae 2 2 SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR THE COLLECTION OF TRACE METALS USING CLEAN SAMPLING TECHNIQUES va tu Las Fo Te e a oe ro pe o Po een UE 2 2 1 Scope and Application Figure 2 1 Sampling Equipment Checklist 2 2 2 Sample Bottle and Sampling Equipment Requirements 2 2 3 Sample Collection tete 2 2 4 Collection of Field Blanks and Field Duplicates eese eene nennen nennen 17 2 2 5 Preservation Packing Refrigeration and Shipment of Water Samples ee 2 3 GUIDELINES FOR THE OPERATION OF THE E COLI MOBILE LABORATORY 2 3 1 Sample Collection Handling and Preservation eese esee eene tenente nennen enne 2 3 1 1 Sample Collectog a teet t OUR ERIS 2 5 1 2 Sampling coda ete E RR LR OUR M ETUR 2 3 1 3 Sample Information Form eese 2314 Sample Tecin na eoe RERO Rr SERRE 2 3 1 5 Sample Holding Travel Time esee 2 3 1 6 Chameot Custody 2 ee I RR UR RR RERO aei e dg 2317 Laboratory Facilities 4t eh he tL 2 3 1 8 Temperature Monitoring Devices 2 5 1 9 Incubator RE NURSE FER esee ee EES 23 1 10 Reagent Grade Water 5 eroe EI eer rate rope CREER TERES 2 32 LT Pipet E eee RENS HER RR RU RI RSEN DUE 2 3 1 12 Laboratory Equipment and Supplies see 2 3 2 Analytical Methodology for Colilert te gt eee etr dee ee eee
120. s delivered to the laboratory for analysis the person who delivers the sample and the person who receives the sample for the laboratory will sign the chain of custody sheet in the appropriate spaces At this time the laboratory takes custody of the sample and their chain of custody procedures will be followed Upon arrival at the laboratory the sample collector presents to the laboratory personnel laboratory analysis request sheets chain of custody sheets and duplicates and or blanks The laboratory analysis request sheets can be computer generated 2 2 SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR THE COLLECTION OF TRACE METALS USING CLEAN SAMPLING TECHNIQUES 2 2 1 SCOPE AND APPLICATION This Standard Operating Procedure SOP describes methods for the collection of ambient water using EPA method 1669 USEPA 1996 for the determination of mercury methylmercury trace metals and hexavalent chromium by EPA test methods 1631 1630 Draft 1638 and 1636 respectively In 1998 IDEM had undertaken a Trace Metals Pilot Project to develop expertise in collecting ambient water samples using clean sampling techniques and metal analyses by low detect ultra clean analytical test methods Ratcliff B L and GhiasUd din 5 1999 This SOP is an extension of this Trace Metals Pilot Project for similar work at IDEM Adherence to this SOP can be expected to minimize contamination from the sample bottle any necessary sampling equipment used and external sources This SOP i
121. s for the collection of a grab sample directly into the sample bottle with or without the aid of a sampling pump Teflon and C Flex tubing capsule filters and the appropriate Teflon fittings necessary to join the various types of tubing to the capsule filter Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 15 of 86 FIGURE 2 1 SAMPLING EQUIPMENT CHECKLIST Two 2 sampling devices Two 2 sections of nylon rope bagged separately for sampling device Two 2 clean plastic stream buckets with rope for field measurements One 1 Hydrolab with a display unit and one 1 sampling tube Two 2 sampling equipment storage containers totes Adequate Tupperware containers for bacterium sample storage Several equipment bags ziplock bags rubber bands extra sample device tubing trash bags and tape One 1 pH meter One 1 turbidimeter if needed One 1 D O kit including two 2 bottles fresh reagents extra pipets extra pipette pump and Millipore rinse water Two 2 boxes of new non talc gloves One 1 bottle of sanitizing gel One 1 eyewash bottle filled with DI water Two 2 carboys with Millipore rinse water and extension tubes Coolers containing labeled sample bottles and bacteria bottles Always wear gloves when handling sample bottles Two 2 small red coolers one for blanks and extra reagents and one for Hydrolab storage if needed Extra cooler full of ice from equipment ro
122. sample cell in the instrument cell compartment so the diamond or orientation mark aligns with the raised orientation mark in front of the cell compartment Close the cover 5 Press Read The display will show NTU then the turbidity in NTU Record the turbidity after the lamp symbol turns off 2 10 1 1 2 Turbidimeter Calibration Checks Before each sampling route or event the turbidimeter should be checked against a Gelex Secondary Standard These standards can be found inside each carrying case and are only valid with that particular unit All calibration checks should be recorded on the log sheet Choose a Gelex Standard vial that will closely resemble the actual sample value 1 if the water is relatively clear choose the 0 10 NTU vial Be sure the Gelex standard vial is aligned correctly when inserting them into the unit diamond aligns with orientation mark If the reading is not within 5 of the previously established value the value in pencil in the white diamond area make note of the difference on the field sheet and the log sheet and inform the personnel in charge of turbidimeters of the discrepancy 2 10 2 PH The Surveys section currently has the capability of analyzing pH either by a Hydrolab multiprobe or a separate portable pH meter The instructions for operating a Hydrolab multiprobe are discussed later in this document The operation of two different type of pH meters are discussed below All permanent staff memb
123. summer and monthly during the winter The thiosulfate should be kept in opaque bottles in the field D O kits Starch and thiosulfate can be kept in significant quantities 2 to 3 liters in the equipment room refrigerator to insure a fresh supply is always available Except for thiosulfate and starch the reagents are dispensed from 250 mL plastic Nalgene squeeze bottles which deliver a measured 2 mL amount of liquid The thiosulfate solution is dispensed using the 10 mL pipette and titration pump 2 10 3 1 2 Sampling Methods for Winkler Method The D O sample can be collected from the stream by using a plastic bucket that has first been rinsed with sample water After the sample is collected the D O bottle should be rinsed with sample water Then either gently pour the sample from the bucket into the D O bottle or submerge the D O bottle directly into the bucket to allow it to slowly fill up After the bottle is filled the cap must be replaced carefully on the D O bottle to avoid entrapment of air bubbles This can be done easily by recapping the D O bottle Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 65 of 86 while it is still submerged in the bucket or by gently tapping on the side of the bottle until all of the bubbles have escaped After the bottle is capped follow the instructions in the Winkler Method Sample Preparation and Analysis section below When insufficient water depth or other factors prohibit the use
124. t enter Select Y to save calibration 10 Dump used pH 10 buffer in extra cup marked pH 10 Rinse This can be used for future calibration The pH calibration is complete 2 11 7 3 Specific Conductance l With the transmitter oriented so that the sensors are pointed toward the ceiling and with the calibration cup screwed on rinse with DI water and then with once used conductivity rinse Discard the rinse and unscrew calibration cup and dry with paper towel Also dry the sensors as best you can Fill calibration cup with fresh conductivity solution making sure to fill calibration cup so solution is just over the D O sensor Wait for the conductivity reading to stabilize and note the value Select Calibrate from display unit and then C Sp Cond and select enter Enter the value of your conductivity solution most likely 718 us cm by using the arrow keys and then select enter Select Y to save calibration Enter the drift value in the Hydrolab Log Book This drift value is the difference between the initial conductivity value before calibration and the conductivity value after calibration If the post calibration value was higher indicate with a before the value and if it was lower indicate with a before the value Dump used conductivity solution in extra cup marked Cond Rinse This can be used for future specific conductance calibration The conductivity calibration is complete 2 11 7 4 Turbidi
125. ta Requirements Flow Facility Data end use stream Slope Visual wq flow Wasteload Allocation WLA low flow Y Y Y Y Y WLA renewal low ave flow Y S Y Y Model Calibration verification Y At least one low ave flow Permit limit qualification low flow Y A X Y Y Compliance Sampling TUE Y Y Slope should be measured at least one time Sample upstream and downstream of outfall if physical observations indicate problems and flow conditions are right measurements helpful but not absolutely necessary Estimate may be OK 2 8 3 SUMMARY OF SURVEY Standardized report forms are available for raw data compilation In addition to these a brief summary regarding each data set is very helpful in putting the data in proper perspective 4 Sampling station descriptions must be as detailed as possible and include calculated miles upstream or downstream from the central point of activity i e the existing or proposed Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 57 of 86 discharge point Latitude and longitude are necessary for entry into data base Provide map of area with all sites of interest plainly discernible Flow measurements should be discussed in relation to the estimated which is of particular significance to stream modeling Cross sections and velocities are listed on the individual flow sheets but should be averaged at the bottom Further evaluation of flow data f
126. taken into account when calculating the actual measuring depths along the verticals Since a depth of 1 25 is the minimum depth recommended for a reading with the AA meter then a distance of at least 50 is needed between the bottom of the weight and the mid point of the meter in this case in order to accomplish a velocity measurement at 6 of the 1 25 depth 8 At depths greater than 2 5 the two point method is used the same as when wading In order to set the 8 measurement easily the reel counter gage has a spiral scale which reads 8 of the depth registered directly on the scale around the outside edge 9 Example If 3 0 is measured as the vertical depth including the distance between the weight and the AA meter then raise the AA meter from the stream bed until 3 0 is shown on the spiral scale The AA meter will then be suspended at 8 of 3 0 depth or 2 4 on the outside scale 10 Proceed across the bridge making all necessary measurements Make the total calculation in the same manner as when wading Make notes of all obstructions and anomalies which might affect the total flow When counting clicks from the headphone count the first one as O 1 0 1 2 3 etc Initiate the stop watch on the first count 2 6 5 3 2 Problems Affecting Flow Measurement From Bridges One of the most common problems to be resolved when measuring flow from bridges is direction of flow If the direction of the flow is not perpendicular to the cr
127. tandards NBS thermometer or one that meets the requirements of NBS Monograph SP 250 23 The calibration factor should be indicated on the thermometer Also the laboratory should record the date the thermometer was calibrated and the calibration factor in a QC record book If a thermometer differs by more than 1 C from the reference thermometer it should be discarded Reference thermometers should be recalibrated every three years 2 3 1 9 Incubator Unit Incubator units must have an internal temperature monitoring device and maintain a temperature of 35 0 5EC Air type incubators especially small ones may not be able to bring a cold 100 mL water sample s to the specified incubation temperature of 35 C for several hours This problem may be further aggravated if several cold water samples are placed in the incubator at the same time The problem may cause false negative results with the chromogenic fluorogenic substrate tests Therefore laboratories with air type incubators should check the time it takes for a 100 mL water sample or a set of 100 mL water samples depending on normal use to reach 35EC and ensure that the specified incubation period at that temperature is followed This check should be repeated whenever there is a significant change in the sample load Calibration corrected temperature should be recorded for days in use at least twice per day with readings separated by at least 4 hours 2 3 1 10 Reagent Grade Water O
128. terval in flow pulses 15 6 5 2 5 8 Previously programmed nominal sample volume in 10 s of ml 50 9 75 10 75 Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 29 of 86 INDICATOR STEP NO LIGHT ON DISPLAY SAMPLE VOLUME 11 Press PROGRAM STEP PROGRAM 11 Type of 11 Previously programmed type of suction line key SUCTION LINE 3 12 Enter on the numeric keypad the 12 TYPE OF 12 2 number corresponding to the desired type of SUCTION LINE suction line For example assume that 14 ID by 25 long suction line is being used enter type 2 1 4 X 25 on the numeric keypad 13 Press ENTER VALUE key 13 TYPE OF 13 725 SUCTION LINE 14 Press PROGRAM STOP PROGRAM 14 SUCTION 14 Previously programmed suction head in feet key HEAD 10 15 Enter on the numeric keypad the suction 15 SUCTION 15 12 head in feet to a maximum of 20 ft The HEAD suction head is the vertical distance from the surface of the liquid source to the pump inlet For example assume that the suction head is 12 ft enter 12 on the numeric keypad 16 Press ENTER VALUE key 16 SUCTION 16 12 HEAD 17 Press PROGRAM STOP PROGRAM 17 Previously programmed multiplex mode 2 key MULTIPLEX MODE 18 Enter the number corresponding to the 18 gt desired mode of multiplex operation on the MULTIPLEX numeric keypad For example assume that MODE no multiplex operation
129. the portable pH meter for comparison purposes If the difference is greater than 0 6 su record the portable pH meter reading on the field sheet but make note of problem on the field sheet and check the Hydrolab pH reading against the portable pH meter at the very next sampling site 2 11 6 3 Conductivity 1 Is there enough water in sampling tube to fully submerge the conductivity block 2 Is the conductivity block free of debris Is there any ice forming on the pins 3 4 If still in doubt re sample with fresh sample water If problems still exist record the Is the stirrer operating properly see the dissolved oxygen troubleshooting section value but make note of problem on the field sheet 2 11 6 4 Turbidity 1 2 2 11 7 Is there enough water in sampling tube to fully submerge u shaped turbidity sensor If the concentration is greater than 800 NTU rotate sensor unit Y4urn back and forth a couple of times while in sampling tube This will release trapped bubbles possibly caught inside of sensor Also observe clarity of sample water If water appears very muddy it is possible in some circumstances that the reading is accurate If turbidity is less than 1 NTU agitate sample water in tube to re suspend any solids that might have settled to the bottom of the tube If still in doubt re sample with fresh sample water If problems still exist record the value but make note of problem on the field sheet
130. the protective aluminum casings along with cables and locks to secure and weight the sondes Usual anchoring locations are tank rails or trees on the river banks 4 Place loggers in a flowing area of the stream not a stagnant area Also be sure probes will not be inhibited from working by sedimentation or biological growth from the stream It might be necessary to suspend the weighted datasonde from a buoy to keep it off of the bottom of a stream 5 After recovering the logger the probes should be stored in tap water or clean sample water Do not store sensors in distilled water 6 Return sonde to laboratory for post calibration and downloading of data 3 0 QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE 3 1 COLLECTION OF BLANKS A field blank sample should be collected for each sample event route The Assessment Branch AIMS database automatically assigns field blanks when each specific project is scheduled and at the frequency designated by the project leader but never less than one per sample event The blank may be collected in the Surveys Section laboratory prior to the sample event using ultra pure blank water or in the field using the same ultra pure water The field blank serves both as a trip blank and as a preservative blank A trip blank shows that contamination was not introduced into the sample during handling and transport A preservative blank shows that contamination was not introduced into the sample by the preservative 3 2 COLLECT
131. to measure velocities with the travelling pivot in Likewise don t transport one of these meters with the operational pivot in Prior to and immediately following each use the components of the meter should be cleaned and lubricated A light water resistant oil should be used for a lubricant Key oil for clarinets has been found to be a good cheap lubricant Oil should be applied to the pivot and pivot bearing the penta gear and penta gear bushings and the bearing lug If measurements are made in silty or turbid water the meter should be oiled frequently during its use The condition of the bearings should be checked prior to each use by a spin test With the shaft in a vertical position and cups protected from wind currents the cups are given a quick spin If the meter is in good condition the cups should not stop spinning for at least three minutes If the duration of spin is more than 1 minute the meter may be used for all but very low velocities less than one foot per second A spin of less than one minute indicates that the instrument should be reconditioned For fairly deep or fast water the Price type meter is usually the most practical instrument For depths of less than about 0 5 feet 15 cm the Marsh McBirney meter is more appropriate Current meters are suspended by a sounding system which allows concurrent measurement of depth and velocity For shallow wadeable rivers the most convenient system is a top setting wading
132. trainer preparation are extremely important aspects in preventing interference with and contamination of samples Only 3 8 inch I D medical grade silastic tubing manufactured by Dow Corning is the standard approved tubing used in the peristaltic sampler pumps Teflon tubing is the approved sampling line tubing used but medical grade silastic tubing can also be used for the sampling line tubing The strainer is made of stainless steel All surfaces which have contact with the sample must be rinsed with acetone to remove any moisture or water followed by a petroleum ether rinse to make any residual organic toxics soluble for removal These solvents must be passed through all sampler tubing and over the strainer The ends of the tubing are then sealed with aluminum foil and secured by taping for protection against contamination until usage at the sampling site The strainer is similarly protected by wrapping in aluminum foil after solvent rinsing Because of hazardous fumes this solvent rinsing procedure should be conducted under ventilation hoods Presently this rinsing is carried out by the ISDH Laboratory 2 5 3 2 Sample Container Preparation The base neutral fractions pesticides phenols and PCBs are collected with the ISCO samplers The present method is to pump the sample into a 2Vzallon glass jug and then divide as needed into solvent rinsed one liter glass containers Good quality control requires that acetone petroleum ether hexane or methyl
133. ty l 2 With the transmitter oriented so that the sensors are pointed toward the ceiling and with the calibration cup screwed on rinse with DI water and then with Turbidity Free Water After this rinse discard and unscrew calibration cup and dry with paper towel Also dry the sensors as best you can Fill calibration cup with unused Turbidity Free Water 0 ntu solution making sure Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 77 of 86 not to trap any air bubbles in the U shaped turbidity sensor and fill calibration cup so solution is just over the D O sensor 3 Wait for the turbidity reading to stabilize and make note of the value Select Calibrate from display unit and then P Enter the value of the Turbidity Free Water 0 0 ntu by using the arrow keys and then select enter Select Y to save calibration 5 Enter the drift value in the Hydrolab Log Book This drift value is the difference between the initial turbidity value before calibration and the turbidity value after calibration If the post calibration value was higher indicate with a before the value and if it was lower indicate with a before the value 6 Rinse sensors with once used Turbidity Rinse typically 40 ntu for slope and discard Wipe calibration cup dry with a paper towel and dry all sensors as best you can 7 Fill calibration cup with fresh slope 40 ntu solution Shake this solution rigorously before fi
134. ults and representative samples Therefore it is imperative that care be taken to avoid or minimize contamination when collecting samples Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 11 of 86 The following step by step procedures result in clean and reliable samples 2 1 3 1 1 Bridge Sampling Procedures Park as close to the sampling site as possible turn on the vehicle s hazard lights and the strobe light 1 2 3 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Turn the vehicle off and open the tailgate Put on new non talc sampling gloves Remove sampling device from the transportation container and place it in the carrying tote Remove bottles to be used at site Label if necessary including date site number IDEM sample number AA number and parameter abbreviation G C Nx Metals Blank etc Place bottles in carrying tote Note Carrying tote should already contain a clean rope and a ziplock bag Take carrying tote with sampler bottles and rope to sample collection site At site attach rope and insert collection bottle s into sampling device Always collect metals first Remove caps from the bottles and place caps in a ziplock bag Secure the bag Retrieve sample from downstream side of bridge Replace sampling bottle caps and remove bottles Place full bottles in carrying tote Insert the remaining sample collection bottles into sampling device Repeat steps 10 through
135. umes that apply to all types and size of flumes l A flume should be located in a straight section of the open channel without bends immediately upstream The approaching flow should be well distributed across the channel and relatively free of turbulence and waves Generally a site with high velocity of approach should not be selected for a flume installation However if the water surface just upstream is smooth with no surface boils waves or high velocity current concentrations accuracy may not be greatly affected by velocity of approach Consideration should be given to the height of upstream banks with regard to their ability to sustain the increased depth caused by the flume installation Although less head is lost through flumes than over weirs it should be noted that significant losses may occur with large installations The possibility of submergence of the flume due to backwater from downstream should also be considered although the effect of submergence upon the accuracy of most flumes is much less than is the case with weirs 2 6 3 ISCO FLow METER The Model 2870 and 3230 Flow Meters are a compact easily transported devices intended to measure and record flow rate or level in an open channel These flow meters are normally used in conjunction with some type of primary measuring device This could be a weir flume or any other open channel flow situation for which a known relationship exists between level and flow rate
136. un through the pumps followed by several rinses of distilled water All bottles are cleaned in the Surveys section laboratory bottle washer After the bottles are cleaned they are capped until used to prevent contamination Records concerning the use and maintenance of samplers are found in the sign in sign out log kept in the Surveys section office Additional information on automatic samplers can be found in the instruction manuals for these instruments 2 4 2 TIME COMPOSITE SAMPLING The object of composite time sampling using the Model 2700 is to collect a series of discrete equal volume samples at a known regular time interval and to place these samples into a single composite sample container When programming the sampler in a composite time mode two quantities must be calculated to allow the sampler to be programmed in a rational manner 1 the total number of samples to be collected and 2 the volume of each individual sample 3 To determine the total number of samples to be collected two quantities must be known the time increment between samples and 5 the total time over which the composite samples are to be taken 2 4 3 SEQUENTIAL FLOW SAMPLING Use of the sequential flow mode 2 on the ISCO automatic sampler permits flow proportioning of the composite sample at the time of collection This eliminates the time consuming tasks of averaging the flow calculating measuring and pouring individual time sequential aliquots
137. utside the wells another sealer should be obtained Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 22 of 86 For enumerating total coliforms with the Colilert test Quanti Tray or Quanti Tray 2000 must be used for each sample dilution tested Dilution water for the chromogenic fluorogenic substrate test only if used must be sterile dechlorinated tap water deionized water or distilled water For the Colilert test samples must be incubated at 35 0 5 C for 24 hours A yellow color in the medium equal to or greater than the reference comparator indicates the presence of total coliforms and must be reported as a total coliforms positive If the sample is yellow but lighter than the comparator it must be incubated for another four hours Do not incubate more than 28 hours total If the color is still lighter than the reference comparator at 28 hours the sample should be reported as negative Table 2 3 E coli Equipment Checklist Expendable Supplies SAMPLE BOTTLES Quanti trays Colilert Enzyme Substrate 10 mL disposable PIPETS LATEX GLOVES Hand sanitizer Bench Sanitizer 2 CARBOYS FULL OF DI WATER Heavy Duty Trash Bags EXTRA ZIPLOCK BAGS Bio Hazard Bags Record Keeping coli Field Sheets SHARPEE MARKERS PENS AND PENCILS CLIPBOARD Laptop computer 2 disks PHONE Work Plan and SOP for van Operations Lab log Incubator logs MAPS Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Capital Supplies
138. w sampling using the model 2700 is to collect a sequential series of discrete equal volume samples in an identifiable series of sample bottles As previously discussed the Model 2700 will accept flow proportional inputs of a certain nature from an external flow meter These electronic flow input signals are transmitted to the sampler at fixed increments of total flow for example every 10 000 gallons That is each time 10 000 gallons of liquid has flowed past the flow meter a signal is sent to the sampler which registers it as a single flow pulse The Model 2700 Sampler can be programmed to totalize any number of flow pulses from to 9999 before a sampling cycle is initiated For example if the sampler were programmed to totalize 5 flow pulses and each flow pulse represented 10 000 gallons of total flow a sample would be collected each time 50 000 gallons 5 flow pulses of 10 000 gallons each had flowed past the flow meter 2 4 3 1 1 Programming Sampler with ISCO 2870 Flow Meter 1 Detailed programming instructions are provided in the ISCO 2700 sampler manual pages 2 43 through 2 46 and are listed in Table 6 2 The volumetric unit flow pulse switch may be set to 10 100 or 1000 volumetric units 3 The scaling constant determines the total gallons per volumetric unit For example Scaling Constant X XX 0 1 1 X10 2 X100 SCALING CONSTANT value establishes multiplying factor for ISCO Flow meter 2870 It is extremely
139. y of containing a known volume of water over a given bottom area with a chamber and measuring the dissolved oxygen drop with a galvanic oxygen probe implanted in the chamber 2 9 2 SAMPLING METHODOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES The procedures for setting up and operating the benthic oxygen demand respirometer are relatively simple After the galvanic dissolved oxygen probe and meter have been calibrated the DO probe with stirrer is secured inside the respirometer See Section in this manual titled Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen for a discussion on methods for measuring dissolved oxygen The electrical cables are taped to the inside and outside of the respirometer so that the sharp sides of the respirometer do not cut loose cables Attach the DO probe and stirrer cables to the meter and the respirometer is now ready to use Determine the consistency of the bottom deposits If the bottom is not clearly visible a Ponar dredge sample should be taken and examined If the sediments are mucky and watery Surveys Section SOP DRAFT Ver 1 Date June 2002 Page 58 of 86 extension flanges may be added to prevent sinking of the unit beyond the desired depth Rocky or compacted bottoms may not allow the respirometer to sink in far enough to seal itself A successful run is made when the respirometer does not allow water to flow in or out of the chamber and there is a continual dissolved oxygen drop 12 When a site looks favorable the respirometer is inve

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