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ATENA Program Documentation Part 8 User`s Manual for ATENA

1. Int3 Introduce the fatigue damage no load change 1 e only apply the supports Fatigue Interval APPLY Int4 Unloading down to the base cycle bottom level Fatigue Interval NO Int5 Increasing the load from the base level to the upper cycle top level Fatigue Interval RESET AND CALCULATE Number of Fatigue Cycles number of cycles in the second cycle group c Int6 Introduce the fatigue damage no load change 1 e only apply the supports Fatigue Interval APPLY Ints7 9 for the third cycle group 10 12 for the fourth etc The evaluation is based on the same formula as above 5 4 1 1 2 just used for the interval to which the last converged step belongs We recommend preparing a spreadsheet which calculates the number of cycles from the number of the last converged step A sample one is available upon request ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 65 5 5 Problem Data The solution parameters such as number of iterations convergence criteria or the solution methods for an ATENA analysis are defined in the menu item Data Problem Data Fig 5 81 or icon F The dialog window is opened and default data are offered Mesh Calculate ATENA Help Problem type e Layer Conditions Materials a Interval Data Data units Post data Interval Local axes Fig 5 81 Problem Data At the Global Settings Taskname can be any name chosen by user and it
2. SOUD Concrete SEE ici me Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Tension Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Tension Function Tension Characteristic Size 0 05 m Tension Localization Onset 0 0 Activate Crack Spacing L Activate Tension Stiffening Fig 5 38 Cementitious2 User Tensile SOUD Concrete SS cox we Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Tension Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Compressive Function ee Some re Sigma c fc Sigma c fe Compressive Characteristic Size 0 1 Compression Localization Onset 8 411E 04 Fig 5 39 Cementitious2 User Compressive SOUD Concrete Cementitious User Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Tension Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Shear Stiffness Function B Shear Strength Function Shear Localization Onset 0 0 Fig 5 40 Cementitious2 User Shear 34 SOLID Concrete A Cementitious User ajc We Basic Tensile Compressive Shear Tension Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Ft Reduction COMPRED Sigma c fc Sigmat ft Fe Reduction COMPRED Sigma c fe Fig 5 41 Cementitious2 User Tension Compressive 5 3 1 5 Cementitious2 SHCC Cementitious2 SHCC is a special material for strain hardening cementitious composites e g special mixtures with addition of plastic fi
3. Stiffness Type Tangent Predictor reduce the program memory requirements Assemble Stiffness Matrix Each Iteration aw a ee Tangent or elastic stiffness can be used Elastic gives more robust convergence tangent gives faster convergence Extend Accuracy Factor 2 0 Line Search Method Line Search With Iteratio Line Search With Iterations Unbalanced Energy Limit 0X If elastic stiffness is used this Line Search Iteration Limit 3 should be selected to each step Minimum Eta 0 1 Maman ee Method for solving the system of equations Conditional Break Criteria for large 3D problems ICCG or DCG methods should be chosen E Use Iteration With Lowest Error Repeat No Converged Step Line search method helps to stabilize the convergence See the theory manual 1 Fig 5 83 Problem data Solution parameters ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 67 Problem Data Activate a window for the definition of additional monitors The manual 4 should be consulted for details R F Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step Turn on and off an advanced LHS BCs management By default it is ON Do not change this parameter M unless unavoidable and all consequences are being Solve LHS BCS OFF well understood E Trace OFF E Extrapolation Nearest P _ _ During post processing nodal data will be calculated by EER l the nroiecti
4. Fig 10 5 The selection of the step which should be post processed 106 By the clicking on the Contour fill icon or by the selecting the command from main menu View results Contour Fill CRACK WIDTH COD1 crack width can be displayed see Fig 10 6 Gj GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project AtenaResults ESER X Files View Utilities Do cuts View results Options Window Help Cree op Ges No Results esre i l Z P n434 313 r Normalt No Units m Gip S No Graphs Default Analysis Step gt Smooth Contour Fill DISPLACEMENTS coD2 Contour Lines STRAIN COD3 Contour Ranges STRESS CRACK WIDTH Show Min Max i Display Vectors Iso Surfaces Stream Lines Node trace Graphs Result Surface Deformation Line Diagram Integrate COD1 0 0008733 0 00077627 0 00067923 0 0005822 0 00048517 0 00038813 0 0002911 The message window shows maximum 0 00019407 y B 9 7033e 05 and minimum crack width x Pick LEFTMOUSE to desplace view ESC to quit Contour Fill COD1 Min 0 Max 0 0008733 Command Fig 10 6 The display of the crack width In the command Contour Fill the pull down menu offers options which can be displayed Currently rather limited set of quantities is available however much more result types are available in ATENA To be able to visualize these additional quantities the program has to be switched to pre processing It is done by selecting icon lt To
5. e Create a geometrical model e Impose conditions such as boundary conditions and loading on the geometrical model e Select material models define parameters and assign them to the geometry e Generate finite element mesh e Change or assign supports and loading conditions to the mesh nodes if necessary e Change or assign materials to individual finite elements if necessary e Create loading history by defining interval data e Execute finite element analysis with ATENA Studio or AtenaConsole Some of the above actions are general and not dependent on ATENA geometry definition finite element mesh while the others are more or less specific for ATENA material parameters solution methods This manual is focused on the later features The description of the general features of GiD menu items View Geometry Utilities etc can be found in the GiD documentation There is an extensive online help available in GiD which is accessible from the menu Help as well as some online tutorials For example the information how to create geometry is not included in this manual and can be found in the GiD menu Help Contents Geometry In the ATENA specific dialogs materials conditions etc help is also available with detailed description and additional information by clicking the right mouse click or the a help icon xe The practical aspects of the GiD use can be exercised on the examples described in Chapter 12 It is also r
6. CCIlsoQuad lt xxxxxxxxx gt Linear and quadratic tetrahedral elements 4 nodes CClIsoTetra lt xxxx gt 10 nodes CCIsoTetra lt xxxxxxxxxx gt Linear and quadratic Hexahedron structured mesh 8 nodes CCIsoBrick lt xxxxxxxx gt 20 nodes CCIsoBrick lt xxxxxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXX gt 20 nodes CCAhmadElement32L9 special 3D element which externally looks as a 20 node brick but is internally formulated as a Shell element Good element for large scale analysis of complex structures when large elements are needed such as bridges slabs etc The shell element is activated by assigning the Shell material to 20 node brick elements ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 71 72 Ew GiID Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project UNNAMED Atena Static Files View a Utilities Mesh Calculate ATENA Help OBS we ee zy Pone pE Layer Conditions laterals SOLID Elastic Interval Data SOLID Steel Problem Data SOLID Concrete Data units SOLID Soil Rock en ee BEAM Concrete Local axes 1D Reinforcement Interface Spring 20 nodes CCBeamNL this is another special 3D element available in ATENA This element on the input appears as standard 20 node element but internally it is formulated as a fiber beam element It is suitable for large scale analysis when meshes with large elements are necessary However ATENA is using a different nodal numbering than GiD this means that during the export of the ATENA input file the nodal numb
7. history defined in Interval Data Fig 9 2 Conditions JN 2a Acceleration for Point hi Basic Application m Accel Const X 0 0 sec m Accel Const Y 0 0 Sec m Accel Const Z 0 0 Sec Fig 9 6 Acceleration for Initial Velocity Speed at the beginning of the analysis Conditions C DREE Initial Velocity for Point hd This condition ts only for first interval Vel Const X 0 0 ZEC Vel Const 0 0 Vel Const Z 0 0 Fig 9 7 Initial Velocity for Initial Acceleration Acceleration at the beginning of the analysis ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 101 102 Conditions rn lea This condition is only for first interval m Accel Const X 0 0 SAC m Accel Const Y 0 0 a SEC m Accel Const Z 0 0 SEC Fig 9 8 Initial Acceleration for ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 103 10 POST PROCESSING IN ATENA GID The created model can be post process in the ATENA Studio or in the GiD After finishing the nonlinear analysis ATENA Studio window can be closed The program asks if all changes should be saved Then button Yes should be selected in all cases Then back in the GiD interface the process info will appear Through this dialog the program asks if the process of the analysed problem is finished or 1f the post processing should be started The button Postprocess should be selected see Fig 10 1 Process info Fig
8. number of layers The last letter L H and S stands for 9 nodes Lagrangian element for 9 nodes Heterosis element and 8 nodes Serendipity element See theoretical manual for more details All the elements must use a 3D material and a LayredShell geometry They specified by 16 nodes 8 for top and 8 for bottom surface similar to brick elements The top and bottom middle points for Lagrangian and Heterosis elements for the bubble 40 functions are generated automatically At each node the elements have 3 degree of freedom As top and bottom node have altogether 6 dofs and shell theory uses only 5 dofs per shell node the z displacement of the bottom node 1s automatically constrained during the execution Allow_Shell_Deformation_in_Z Here the name of a selection should be specified The selection name should be previously defined using the surface Condition Shell Solid Contact Using this method it is possible to allow the normal shell deformation It is useful when connecting the shell elements with normal solid elements otherwise the shell elements may restrain the deformation of the surrounding solid elements SHELL Concrete Steel A lox wa i i e l lt Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement Ol Reinforcement 02 gt Shell Concrete Steel r Reinf 01 Material Prototype CCSmearedReint 2 Reinf 01 Layers 1 Localization of reinforcement f Reinf 01 Localization Top Reinf 01 Calcula
9. 1 day step In case of multiple steps generation each step time increment will be assigned this Increment Transient Time 1 day L Fixed Temperature Dof Z Fixed Moisture Dof When selected the transport of Please Fix the Moisture Dof for Firef moisture i e humidity is not Analysis considered and only thermal Fi analysis is performed If selected a new set of solution parameters can be specified for this and any subsequent intervals Fig 8 15 Step data dialog ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 93 Load Step 5 Step 4 Step 3 Step 2 Step 1 lt gt v v v t 0 z E 5 z c lt c 5 5 5 2 8 5 z 2 2 S S 3 2 D D g E S E U Interval 1 Interval 2 Fig 8 16 Interval Data time values The remaining input data and corresponding data dialogs are similar to their form in other types of ATENA GiD analysis They were already described earlier in this document see Section 5 4 94 8 3 Specific Transport Boundary Conditions Dirichlet temperature Similar to the simple thermal load in static analysis described in section 5 2 Defines a constant temperature increment for an entity Conditions a j fin Dirichlet Temperature for Surface Fig 8 17 Dirichlet temperature for Dirichlet humidity Defines a constant moisture increment for an entity gt N GE Dirichlet Humidity for Surface Fig 8 18 Dir
10. Entities Unassign Fig 5 11 Conditions Max Monitor for Fixed contact This condition also does not impose any actions on the structure but it can be used to connect together two parts of the model which are separated by duplicated entities You can have multiple Master Slave connections identified by different names Only Master and Slave conditions of the same name are connected together The meshes on the contact entities do not need to be compatible ATENA creates special master slave conditions that enforce the compatibility of displacements The side with the coarser mesh 1 e larger finite elements should be the Master and the other side finer mesh smaller finite elements the Slave 14 The option Master Slave Distance Manual from the Global Options tab of the Problem Data dialog can override the global Master Slave Distance value also defined in Problem Data 5 5 This can be useful when modelling a periodic boundary condition or blocking rotation of a loading plate or similar by binding one or more degrees of freedom of two distant points Please note Fixed contact is different from Interface elements sometimes also called Contact elements See Section 5 3 6 for information on Interface GAP elements ondion Here it is possible to a N MD specify which DoFs Fixed Contact for Surface should not be connected Type of Cond Maser ContactName C ntact When activated the You can have multiple contact will reca
11. Fatigue Interval set to the default NO and use the normal CC3DNonLinCementitious2 material prototype Define the loading history explicitly 1 e all loadings and unloadings When doing so you should typically use the Cyclic Reinforcement material model with Bauschinger effect Menegotto Pinto for reinforcement see also 5 3 5 5 4 1 1 2 High cycle fatigue with negligible redistribution If the effects of stress redistribution are negligible during the fatigue life of the structural element being modelled a simplified approach can be used A typical example is a specimen cyclically subjected to direct tension loading Define the following intervals Int Loading up to the base cycle bottom level Fatigue Interval NO Int2 Increasing the load from the base level to the upper cycle top level Fatigue Interval RESET AND CALCULATE Number of Fatigue Cycles maximum number of cycles expected or of interest c Int3 Introduce the fatigue damage no load change 1 e only apply the supports Fatigue Interval APPLY To evaluate the number of cycles survived or cycles to failure cf note the number of the last converged analysis step S subtract the number of steps in previous intervals 1 2 S S from it then divide by the number of steps in Interval 3 and multiply with the number of cycles defined in Interval 2 ci s 7 S i Ss 7 sb eo max g8 One could also say each step in Int3 co
12. GLOBAL A Displacement 0 0 Y Displacement 0 0 Displacement 0 0 Assign Entities Draw Unassign Fig 5 7 Conditions Displacement for Springs Spring support can be defined either as conditions Spring for Point Spring for Line Spring for Surface or as a special layer of line of surface elements along the boundary of the analyzed structure It is possible to define non linear spring properties in this case it is necessary to define the relationship between the force f and the relative spring elongation eps in the Nonlinear Parameters list Each spring is defined by its direction and area If the length of the spring direction vector is 1 and the spring area 1s also 1 then the f and eps have the units of force and length If other values are specified then the f has units of stress and eps units of strain The vector defining the spring direction should be oriented away from the line or surface to have the proper meaning of compression and tension 12 Important note Since version 4 3 1 it is recommended to use the special layer of line or surface elements with the spring material The Spring for Conditions are only available for backward compatibility Please follow the recommendations in the Help texts of the input dialogs Conditions Conditions 2 Ayo e F G Spring for Surface Spring for Surface z Basic Element Geometry Basic Element Geometry USE decimal point DO NOT u
13. Ksi Fatigue 0 0001 Fig 5 37 Cementitious2 Fatigue Basic 5 3 1 4 Cementitious2 User Cementitious material with user defined response functions The tabs with the basic concrete properties miscellaneous and geometry settings are identical to the Cementitious material 5 3 1 1 On the tabs Tensile Fig 5 38 Compressive Fig 5 39 Shear Fig 5 40 and Tension Compressive Fig 5 41 the corresponding user functions and the localization parameters are to be defined For instructions how to define the user material response functions see ATENA Theory Manual 1 or ATENA Troubleshooting 9 section 2 1 9 I want to use the user defined stress strain law of concrete to replace that used in ATENA program How can I do 1t In most cases the user functions are complemented by the characteristic size and localization onset These two parameters are used to scale the provided user defined material functions for different element sizes This is important when the material exhibits softening in which case the softening should be dependent on the element size The characteristic size then represents the size for which the provided material function is valid Typically it 1s related to the length over which the strains are measured in the experiment The localization onset typically defines the strain values when the provided user function starts to exhibit softening 1 e negative slope ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 33
14. No Converged Step Fig 5 78 Interval Data Solution Parameters F Interval Data b 3 fel l OX Basic Parameters Solution Parameters Eigenvalue Analysis Eigenvalue Parameters Use decimal point do not use comma Calculate Eigenvalues Vectors Activate list with Eigenvalue Parameters Print Eigenvalues Vectors to output file Sa Print Eigenvalue to output file after calculation Fig 5 79 Interval Data Eigenvalue Analysis 62 Interval Data A ox e a Basie Parameters Solution Parameters Eigenvalue Analysis Eigenvalue Parameters Use decimal point do not use comma Eor more noima oirabont iu parameters see ATENA Input Max Eigenval Error 0 000001 manual section Eigenvalue and Max Number of Subspace Iterations 14 eigenvectors analysis Number of Eigenwals 6 Sturm Sequence Check Max Number of Jacobi Iterations 10 Number of Projection Vecs 15 W Normalize Eigenvectors Shift Eigenvalues 0 0 Accept Close Fig 5 80 Interval Data Eigenvalue parameters 5 4 1 Fatigue To consider fatigue influence of cyclic loading on the tensile properties of concrete set the option Fatigue Interval to other value than the default NO Basically RESET AND CALCULATE marks the interval as the cycling load 1 e FATIGUE TASK 3 1 store base stress 2 reset FATIGUE MAX FRACT STRAIN at the first load step of the interval and FATIGUE TASK 4 calculate fatigue damage at
15. Warning Maternal parameters for strength class 307 37 and Safety Format Mean oung_s Modulus E 32000MPa Fosson Ratio 0 2 Tension Strength FT 2 dMPa Compresion _Strength FC 30M1 Pa Fracture Enengy GF F 25e 005MN rm Critical Comp _ Diep O 0 0005rn Plastic Strain EPS CR 0 00119 Onzet of Crushing FCO 6 09MPa Excentricity Est 0 52 Dir_of pl Flow BETA 0 0 Rho Density 0 0023ktonem 3 Thermal Expansion Alpha 0 000012 Fired Crack 1 Parameters of concerete were updated Fig 5 36 Concrete EC2 Generated values 5 3 1 3 CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue The CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue material prototype can be selected at the Basic tab of Cementitious2 5 3 1 1 and Concrete EC2 5 3 1 2 materials Then two additional parameters appear in the dialog Fig 5 37 Beta Fatigue B determining the slope of the W hler S N curve for the stress based contribution and 32 Ksi Fatigue defining the growth of existing cracks which repeatedly open and close during the load cycles ACOD See also section 5 4 1 for related Interval Data settings and ATENA Theory 1 for details of the fatigue model Concrete EC2 Z EC2 Basic Tensile C4 CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Material Prototype CC3DINonLinCementitiouseratigu l i totype CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatique Young s Modulus E 32000 MPa Poisson s Ratio MU 0 2 Tension Strength FT 2 9 Compresion Strength FC 38 Beta Fatigue 0 06
16. defined by three components in each coordinate direction The loading for line can be prescribed only for 2D elements Local coordinate system can be used to apply loading ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 11 normal to the line The projection can be used for example for the snow or wind load The loading can be constant or linear The load force for surface can be obviously defined only for 3D entities The possible coordinate systems options are similar to the line condition Conditions Fale Load Force for Line Constant Linear Comp X Linear Comp Y Linear Comp Z This condition is only for 2D elements USE decimal point DO NOT use comma For axisymmetric tasks the loads defined here are automatically multiplied by the circle circumference radius the current x coordinate Conditi Coordinate System GLOBAL LINEAR v opcion E Force Component X 2 z J Fii Force 0 0 Load Force for Point 7 Force Component Y USE decimal point DO NOT use comma oou Coordinate System GLOBAL a2 tone a X Force 0 0 MN Y Force 0 0 MN Z Force 0 0 MN Entities Draw Unassign Unassign Fig 5 6 Conditions Load Force for Displacement This condition can be defined for point line and surface The coordinate system is only global and the components are similar as for Load force Conditions A T Displacement for Surface USE decimal point DO NOT use comma Coordinate System
17. demo Directory Tutorial Static3D SmallCantileverWithTorsion DiscreteBars gid Example of L shaped cantilever with discrete bars for main reinforcement as well as for stirrups InterfaceWithShear3D gid Example of interface between two concrete plates SlabWithColumn gid Slab column connection 114 Tunnel3DWithConstructionProcess gid Three dimensional model of a tunnel with soil and construction process BeamWithBeamElements gid Example with 3D beam elements DirectTensionFatigue gid Example of a notched direct tension test with fatigue material model ShearBeam3D gid Example of four point bending Directory Tutorial Temperature2D LamellaFire gid Example of thermal analysis with hydration of concrete PipeBStatic gid Static part of a pipe analysis with thermal loading PipeBTemp gid Thermal part of a pipe analysis with thermal loading Directory Tutorial Temperature3D tram014statS DM gid Static part of a 3D beam analysis with thermal loading tram014temp5 DM gid Thermal part of a 3D beam analysis with thermal loading ColumnThermal3D gid 3D Column with temperature loading ColumnThermal3D_ demo gid Same as above but for demo version tubbing static2 1932 gid 3D tubing with fire loading static tubbing temp2 1932 gid 3D tubing with fire loading transport Vitek3 Dfire gid 3D four point beam with fire loading Vitek3 Dmoist gid 3D four point beam with moisture loading Vitek3 Dstat gid 3D four point beam with temperature loa
18. details Here we shall mention only meshing of reinforcing bars which is specific for ATENA The geometrical model of a bar discrete reinforcement is modelled by one dimensional entities 1 e lines Since GiD does not have a capability to generate embedded bar elements this operation is performed later at the beginning of the ATENA analysis For this we need to export the geometrical forms of the bars Since GiD can export only finite elements it is always necessary to first generate some 1D truss elements along each line which represents the reinforcement see also page 18 It is therefore recommended to select the meshing properties of these reinforcement lines such that a single finite element is generated by GiD This finite element is then used in ATENA to generate the embedded discrete bars depending on its intersections with the solid model Of course circular or curved bars should be meshed with more elements in order to capture the curved geometry for example at least 8 divisions for a circle 5 7 1 Notes on Meshing The finite element mesh quality has a very important influence on the quality of the analysis results the speed and memory requirements Refining only the important parts can save a lot of processor time and disk space A bad mesh like a single layer of volume elements in a region where bending plays a significant role can produce very wrong results see the Mesh Study example in the ATENA Engineering Exa
19. f yy eps f zz Smooth Contour Fill Contour Lines Contour Ranges Show Min Max Display Vectors gamma f xy Iso Surfaces gamma f yz n te ew ee te a Stream Lines gamma f xz Node trace Si FRACTURE STRAIN Graphs Sii FRACTURE STRAIN Result Surface Siii FRACTURE STRAIN Deformation Line Diagram Integrate Siii FRACTURE STRAIN 4892e 06 0 00039602 0 00079693 0 0011978 0 0015987 The postprocessing window pape shows maximum and minimum 0 0028015 0 0032024 fracture strain 0 0036033 Pick LEFTMOUSE to desplace view ESC to quit if present mouse wheel zooms Pick LEFTMOUSE to desplace view ESC to quit Command Fig 10 10 The displayed FRACTURE STRAIN More post processing capabilities can be found in the Help of the GiD 110 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 111 11 USEFUL TIPS AND TRICKS 11 1 Export IXT for ATENA 3D Pre processor It is also possible to export 3D mesh to an XT format which can be imported to ATENA 3D Pre processor This tool can be run from menu ATENA Export IXT file for ATENA 3D In this way it is possible to export meshes created by GiD into ATENA 3D There it is possible to include ATENA specific features such as reinforcement materials and boundary conditions In this approach only 3D solid finite elements will be transferred to ATENA All boundary conditions two dimensional and one dimensional elements will be lost as well as all materia
20. for Ahmad The ATENA implementation of the Ahmad and IsoBrick Wedge shell elements supports embedding of smeared reinforcement layers In this concept reinforcement bars with the same coordinate z material and the same directions are replaced by a layer of smeared reinforcement Such a layer is placed at the same elevation z as the original reinforcement bars and its thickness is calculated so that sum of cross sectional area of the bars and the replacing smeared reinforcement layer is the same The layer is usually superimposed over existing concrete layers and it employs CCSmearedReinforcement material law see also section 5 3 5 which makes it possible to account for the original reinforcement bars direction SHELL Concrete Stee Shell Concrete Steel Z oS X x2 Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement 01 Reinforcement 02 Elernent Geometry Material Prototype CCShellMaterial Activate Base On this list you can activate W Activate Reinforcement 01 reinforcement for each from 4 layers The new lists will be F Activate Reinforcement 03 added to top row of list name E Activate Reinforcement 04 Unassign Fig 5 47 Shell material properties Basic 38 SHELL Concrete Steel Shell Concrete Steel SlOlx Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement 01 Reinforcement 02 Element Geometry 7 Define Local Axis Z V3x 0 V3y 0 Prescribe normal of shell ele
21. if you change the material second time the Old material is still the same ResetNew parameter set the material state to the zero Interval data telex Basic Parameters Aditional Load Cases Eigenvalue Analysis Use decimal point do not use comma Load Cases Fig 5 77 Interval Data window Aditional load cases This 1s option to add another load case to the interval For this case you need to disable Delete BC Data After Calculation in the interval which load case you will use The number of load case is in most cases the same as the number of interval With this option you can add all supports to only first interval and this load case added to each other intervals ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 61 Interval Data TE u i loxa Basic Parameters Solution Parameters Eigenvalue Analysis Use decimal point do not use comma Method Newton Ra Displacement Error 0 01 Residual Error 0 01 Absolute Residual Error 0 01 Energy Error 0 0001 Iteration Limit 30 Optimize Band Width Sloan se Solution parameters are described in section Problem Data Stiffness Type Tangent Predictor Assemble Stiffness Matrix Each Iteration Solver LU Y Extend Accuracy Factor 2 0 Line Search Method Line Search With Iterations Line Search With Iterations Unbalanced Energy Limit 0 8 Line Search Iteration Limit 3 Minimum Eta 0 1 Maximum Eta 1 Conditional Break Criteria Use Iteration With Lowest Error Repeat
22. in section 5 3 2 These elements are reduced from a quadratic 3D brick element with 20 nodes The element has 9 integration points in shell plane and layers in direction normal to its plane The total number of integration points is 9x number of layers Important feature of shell element is that its local Z axis must be perpendicular to the top surface of shell plane The top surface is the surface on which the positive Z axis points out of the shell Other two axes X and Y must be in the shell plane Such orientation must be ensured by user In each shell node there are 3 displacement degrees of freedom and corresponding nodal forces However some DOFs are not free due to introduction of kinematic constrains ensuring shell displacement model For more details see Theory Manual Shell material can be used only on 3D quadratic brick elements 5 7 2 BEAM Concrete Beam Concrete CCBeam3DMaterial Special material which activates the usage of special fiber beam element suitable for large scale analysis of complex structures with large elements see 5 3 3 The element is based on a similar beam element from BATHE 1982 It is fully nonlinear in terms of its geometry and material response It uses quadratic approximation of its shape so it can be curvilinear twisted with variable dimensions of the cross sections Moreover beam s cross sections can be of any shape optionally even with holes The element belongs t
23. number into the box for Password In order to obtain the final password the user will need to provide some information such as for instance the email address The most important information however are the Name Operating System and sysinfo as shown in Fig 3 2 Please also note that the Name refers to the label of your USB flash disk or your PC hard drive It is not your personal name After registering either a permanent or temporal password it is possible to generate and post process an unlimited number of nodes and elements 3 1 GiD Network Floating Licenses If you have a network floating license for GiD install PasServer on the computer that will work as license server Follow the instructions from the GiD web http www gidhome com documents passerver Tabla 20de 20Contenidos to get the vendor key based on the sysinfo corresponding to the server and your network license number and enter it in the PasServer When starting GiD on your workstation enter the IP address of the PasServer in the password box Make sure no firewall is blocking the communication between GiD and the PasServer 4 ATENA GID INSTALLATION The installation of ATENA GiD interface can be performed using the ATENA installer Please make sure the ATENA GiD interface is selected for installation During this process the user needs to confirm the location of the GiD directory New problem types related to ATENA should appear in the GiD me
24. of Shear Factor 28 and Unloading Factor 0 the default unloading to origin 1 unloading parallel to the initial elastic stiffness The meaning of the parameters should be clear from the figures in the dialog and the help texts For details on these and also other parameters see the ATENA Theory Manual 1 SOUD Concrete Cementitious 7 Z ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry l MHN Fracture Energy GF 0 000125 ra Fixed Crack 1 Activate Crack Spacing Activate Tension Stiffening Activate Aggregate Interlock m Agg Size 0 02 Activate Shear Factor Activate Unloading factor Fig 5 31 Cementitious2 Tensile Crack Spacing option should be used when the element size is larger than the expected crack width Typically it should be used in reinforced concrete elements and is equal to the expected crack spacing In the simplest case the spacing of ties or stirrups can be used to estimate its value Tension Stiffening should be used only if reinforcement is present in the model It defines a relative tensile stress minimal limit for cracked concrete This means the tensile stress in the cracked concrete cannot drop below this relative level 1 e ft times tension stiffening Aggregate size for the calculation of aggregate interlock based on the modified compression field theory by Collins When this parameter is set the shear strength of the cracked concrete is calculated
25. partial dry air pressure and partial water vapor AIR VELOCITY 0 n pressure SEC i AirVelocity FUNCTION TYPE FUNCTION FROM MATERI Average ambient air velocity AirVelocity FUNCTION MAT Function 0l Click here for help Assign Entities Draw Unassign Fig 8 21 Moisture Temperature boundary for 96 Fire boundary A combination of heat transfer by convection and radiation Originally developed for modeling fire loads but can also be used for other purposes like sun heated surfaces or air cooling although in this case the previous special condition should be used see Fig 8 21 One of the few total boundary conditions in ATENA almost all other conditions act incrementally This condition is NOT supported for quadratic mesh Fire Boundary for Surface Basic CAUTION This is a total condition Fire Type NOMINAL HC W Convection 50 mee Boundary SURFACE Emissivity 0 7 Temperature Max 1100 C Temperature Min 25 C Unassign Fig 8 22 Fire boundary for Internal Thermal Source An internal heat source or sink Volumetric generation of internal power source of Heat in 3D Int Temp Source for Surface oo W Power Source 0 01 ma Fig 8 23 Internal Thermal Source for ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 97 9 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS Dynamic analysis is activated in GiD by selecting an appropriate problem type Dynamic see the menu items Data Problem Type Atena The m
26. 10 1 The button Postprocess should be pressed But before any post processing features can be used the results calculated in ATENA Studio or AtenaConsole have to be imported into GiD EE It is done by the clicking on the Import results from ATENA Studio icon Then the process of importing will start see Fig 10 3 and when it is finished the model changes its colours see Fig 10 4 Gb GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project 3D Beam Files View Utilities Do cuts View results Options Window Help SBwe Gd wo 2 f iy IILS res A re el n 372 e 283 r Normalt No Units m GiD Fig 10 2 The GiD postprocessor interface 104 Go GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface x ol Project 3D Beam Files View Utilities Do cuts View results Options Window Help OB ws wowed re IDe se e i ZB a n 372 e 283 r Normal t No Units m GID CD faa AtenaConsole AtenaResults inp Atena execution has been restored from the file C USERS CCC DESKTOP JIM 3D BE AM GID NATENACALCULATIONN3SD Beam 6607 C USERS CCC DESKTOP JIMN3D BE fAitena execution has been restored from the file AM GID NATENACALCULATIONN3SD Beam 6668 MERRE HRE C USERS CCC DESKTOP JIMN3D BE Atena execution has been restored from the file AM GID NATENACALCULATION 3D Beam 6809 MEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEIEE EEEE EEEIEE EEEE EEEIEE 9999 EEEIEE Fig 10 3 T
27. An important feature of shell element is that its local Z axis must be perpendicular to the top surface of shell plane The top surface is the surface on which the positive Z axis points out of the shell Other two axes X and Y must be in the shell plane Such orientation must be ensured by user In this local system smeared reinforcements are defined and also all results in post processing are output in this coordinate system Therefore it 1s critical to define the Z direction For neighboring volumes it is important to prevent orientation jumps 1 e to have the local Z point to the same side Fig 5 43 Fig 5 44 It is also recommended to set the local X direction such that the in plane directions are continuous over neighboring elements See Fig 5 48 showing the corresponding dialog a 4 Lioc 4 Lioc 4 Lioc T Liocal Tt Liocal Liocal 1 Lioc a Lioc b c d Fig 5 43 Shell recommended local Z orientation T Zio wa J Lioc Tt Lioc 1 Lioc Lioc a b Fig 5 44 Shell problematic local Z orientation with orientation jumps 36 In each shell node there are 3 displacement degrees of freedom and corresponding nodal forces However some DoFs are not free due to introduction of kinematic constrains ensuring shell displacement model For more details see Theory Manual 1 Shell material can be used only on 3D quadratic brick elements Unlike vol
28. CEB FIP78 E CCModelCSN731201 ModelCSN731201 T CCModelBP1 ModelBP1 CCModelBP2 ModelBP2 CCModelACI78 ModelACI78 CCModelBaXi94 NOT SUPPORTED Bazant Xi 1994 xi CCTransportMaterial CCTransportMaterial x The selected materials are described in more detail in the subsequent sections Le Pe Pe Be foe me fe be eB Pe 5 3 1 Solid Concrete Material The Solid Concrete menu contains material models applicable for modeling concrete rocks and similar quasi brittle materials The most important models and variants are described here 5 3 1 1 Cementitious2 Check Generate Material select cube or cylinder strength enter the strength value e g 30 MPa and the safety format e g mean and click the Update Changes icon Fig 5 28 The generated values are displayed in a window Fig 5 29 Pressing 26 the Update Changes once more stores the generated material parameters The values can be checked and adjusted at the tabs Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous and Element Geometry 5 3 1 1 1 Adjusting generated values If no detailed data are available from tests or from the manufacturer generating all properties for the corresponding concrete class or cube strength is typically the best option When precise values are available for some of the parameters e g tensile strength from an experiment or elastic modulus from a manufacturer s table the recommended procedure is to first generate the material data fo
29. CERVENKA CONSULTING C ervenka Consulting s r o Na Hrebenkach 55 2667 150 00 Prague Czech Republic Phone 420 220 610 018 E mail cervenka cervenka cz Web http www cervenka cz ATENA Program Documentation Part 8 User s Manual for ATENA GiD Interface Written by Viadimir Cervenka Jan Cervenka Zdenek Janda and Dobromil Pryl Prague December 10th 2015 Trademarks ATENA is registered trademark of Vladimir Cervenka GiD is registered trademark of CIMNE of Barcelona Spain Microsoft and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners Copyright 2000 2015 ervenka Consulting s r o CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION vscccsccccccccaceunccesasevcisscGenscunsceucsusstaveusscdsssusesioscseveccsscasetcsseenecdescssociesdessseus 1 2 QVERVIEW sescicscccacseedccsceccdecosessdavedscadasacecececacess cenedecedesedsescesedcescesodeswcsdevabacccacseecesoccesces 3 2 1 NV ORIG WIA GID niiden e EEE EO EA TOROA 3 2 2 Limitations of ATENA GID InterfaCe esesesessesesesseseseseesesesesseseseeseseseseeresesoesesesreseseseereses 3 3 GID INSTALLATION AND REGISTRATION ccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccces 5 3 1 GID Network Floating LICENSES iccncracansdnicidicieieiseenaamanwditetiiiinadiemeac 6 Ae ATEN A GID INSTALLATION icacscccicscsccvtesetucssusccdcabaseiecssesecsoulaceicestescceelecetocsteseseeelesetes
30. D Interface Project UNNAMED Atena Static Files View cae Utilities Data le Mesh ini ATENA Help od Ni SF A EE ee hia nE p s Conditions Transform Materials Internet Retrieve Dynamic we Interval Data Load pa ame E 5 Problem Data Unload ts Sam Data units Dhi H Wy Interval F Paj 3 n AXES Fig 5 1 Problem type menu The problem type definition must be done before starting input of any data Executing this command later may result in the loss of some of the existing data 5 2 Conditions The supports and loading conditions for ATENA can be defined in a way which is compatible with ATENA through the menu Data Conditions Fig 5 2 left or by conh You can view all currently defined conditions in current interval by clicking to icon Fh should be noted that the loading and boundary condition definition is closely related to the definition of Interval data see Chapter 5 4 The specified boundary conditions are always defined in the current interval Information about global and local coordinate systems for each element load you find in Theory manual 1 in chapter 3 14 Loads are incremental in ATENA with just a few exceptions like fire in transport analysis or ground acceleration in dynamics In other words unless you unload by applying a negative force the load stays there during the following steps Intervals A surface with no condition applied co
31. ElemID 20 Increment if 1s Gap element AddingNonLinElemID Increment if is element Geometrical Nelinearity Formula ELEMENT TYPE_ ID ElemsNnode AddingGapElemID AddingNonLinElemID AddingShellID 2 1D Element pf mcrement AddingBar WithBond Increment if is element BarWithBond Formula ELEMENT TYPE ID ElemsNnode AddingBarWithBond AddingNonLinElemID 3 Load cases In Dynamic problem there is a special load case for total conditions in each interval numbered 510 000 step number Similarly in Transport problem load cases for Fire Boundary Conditions have numbers 520 000 step number Function from material Function ID for function from material is calculated like 25250000 id_of material ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 117 REFERENCES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 118 Cervenka V Jendele L Cervenka J 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 Theory Cervenka Consulting 2012 Cervenka V and Cervenka J 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 2 1 User s Manual for ATENA Engineering 2D Cervenka Consulting 2012 Cervenka V and Cervenka J 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 2 2 User s Manual for ATENA Engineering 3D Cervenka Consulting 2012 Cervenka J and Jendele L 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 6 ATENA Input File Format Cervenka Consulting 2012 Benes S Mikolaskova J 2012 ATENA Program Docum
32. Excentricity ExXC 0 52 Dir_of_ pl Flow BE TA 0 0 Rho Density 0 0023ktonen 3 Thermal Expansion 4lpha 0 000012 Fired Crack 1 Parameters of concerete were updated Fig 5 29 Concrete EC2 Generated values The material prototype list box from the Basic tab Fig 5 30 allows to select the basic CC3DNonLinCementitious2 or CC3DNonLinCementitious2 WithTempDepProperties where some of the material values can depend on temperature or CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue for modelling high cycle tensile fatigue 5 3 1 3 The basic material parameters are defined in the Basic dialog the Young s modulus of elasticity E the Poisson s coefficient of lateral expansion the strength in direct tension Ft and the cylinder compressive strength Fc SOLID Concrete Cementitious x Z ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Material Prototype CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Base Material Prototype CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Young s Modulus E 33550 6 MPa Poisson s Ratio MU 0 2 Tension Strength FT 1 35 Compresion Strength FC 20 Unassign Close Fig 5 30 Cementitious2 Basic The advanced parameters related to tension are defined at the Tensile tab Fig 5 31 Fracture energy Gf Fixed Crack coefficient 0 rotated 1 fixed more details you can find in ATENA Theory in section 2 1 6 Two Models of Smeared Cracks Crack Spacing Tension Stiffening Aggregate Interlock manual definition
33. Generate Reinforcement W Generate Parameters for hot rolled steel cold rolled steel tempered wire Function for Reinf EPS T cold drawn cable Total Formulation of Reinf Material Model Default parameters are for Function for F Multiplier Exchange Fig 5 58 Reinforcement material prototypes CCCyclingReinforcement Material for cyclic reinforcement There is a tab Menegotto Pinto where special parameters can be defined Detailed information about these parameters can be find in ATENA Theory Manual 1 section 2 7 5 48 1D Reinforcement 2 le Basic Reinf Function Menegotto Pinto Miscellaneous Element Geometry Bauschinger exp R 20 000 Menegotto Pinto Cl 0 925 Menegotto Pinto C 0 150 Unassign Fig 5 59 Menegotto Pinto Additionally the geometry type can be selected on the Element Geometry tab NORMAL bars with perfect bond BAR WITH BOND bars with bond slip law CABLE external pre stressing cables only connected at anchors and deviators ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 49 1D Reinforcement lel Reinforcement EC slex we EC 2 Basic Reinf Function Miscellaneous Element Geometry Mame Reinf Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR Geom Type NORMAL BAR WITH BOND CABLE Elem Type Fl Embedded Reinforcerner Minimum 1 0e 3 m V Embed Short Bars Quadratic Elements Default Application Application from Interval 1 Idealisatio
34. STRAIN can be chosen The definition of post data is completed by selecting Accept button see Fig 10 9 Then the button Close can be pressed and the GiD will switch to post process automatically But there in the post process the data from ATENA has to be imported again es It is done by the clicking on the ATENA icon Then the FRACTURE STRAIN can be found in the options for the post processing see Fig 10 10 to obtain this figure the 35 step has to be selected again General Load and Forces Strain Stress Fatique Interface Steps Import Options E ELEM INIT STRAIN INCR EQ PLASTIC STRAIN EC EXTERNAL CABLE SLIPS FRACTURE STRAIN E MAXIMAL FRACT STRAIN E PLASTIC STRAIN E PRINCIPAL FRACTURE STRAIN E PRINCIPAL PLASTIC STRAIN C PRINCIPAL SHELL MEMBRANE STRAIN E PRINCIPAL STRAIN E SHELL MEMBRANE STRAIN E SPRING STRAIN E STRAIN R1 E STRAIN R2 E STRAIN R3 E STRAIN R4 E STRAIN S1 E STRAIN 52 E STRAIN 53 E TOTAL ELEM INIT STRAIN Fig 10 9 The selection of the FRACTURE STRAIN ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 109 Gb GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project AtenaResults Th Th _ lole Som Files View Utilities Do cuts Options Window Help CACAN No Results ESK E iy el n 434 e 313 r Normal t No Units m GiD CB PTE No Graphs Default Analysis Step CRACK WIDTH d DISPLACEMENTS b v FRACTURESTRAIN eps fx STRESS b eps
35. Temperature Advanced Variables Wloisture Initial Temperature In K TEMP H 0 Coefficients defining the cross terms for heat K TEMP W 0 conductivity In most cases zero values can K TEMP GRAV 0 be assumed CTEMPH 0 C TEMP W 0 C TEMP T 0 Coefficients defining cross terms for heat material capacity In most cases zero values can be assumed Fig 8 5 Transport Material Temperature Advanced options All the above heat flux and capacity coefficients are constant with respect to state variables i e humidity and temperature but if needed a nonlinear behavior can be assumed by defining a multiplication function for each of the above parameters see Fig 8 6 86 SOUD Concrete CCTransportMaterial Basic Temperature Temperature Advanced Temperature Advanced Variables Moisture Initial Temperature In K TEMP H FNC E Activate K TEMP H FNC H E Activate K TEMP H FNC T E K TEMP TEMP FNC E K TEMP W FNC E K TEMP GRAV FNC Ml C TEMP H ENC Fig 8 6 Transport Material Advanced variables Activation of Nonlinear Functions SOUD Concrete Lia CCTransportMaterial 7 Basic CERHYD Mixture CERHYD Capacity CERHYD Conductivity Difussivity CERHYD Hydratation Ir CCTransportMaterialLevel i Activate Temperature Activation of CERHYD model Activate Moisture CCTransportMaterialLevel7 Activate Concrete Model CERHYD p HELP Unassign Fig 8 7 Transport Mat
36. acity of cement per unit volume J mC Heat capacity of water per unit volume C WATER TEMP TEMP 4 1866 Heat capacity of water per unit volume kg WE 230 Free water saturation m H30 0 8 Relative humidity H80 for W80 wao 85 Water saturation W80 for H80 Assign Draw Unassign Exchange Fig 8 9 Transport Material CERHYD Capacity 88 SOUD Concrete CCTransportMaterial K AGGREGATE TEMP TEMP 2 2 K FILLER TEMP TEMP 1 2 K CEMENT TEMP TEMP 1 55 Parameter to calculate saturated water K WATER TEMP TEMP 0 604 vapor pressure Psa for temperatures T gt 0C typically 234 18 C K AIR TEMP TEMP 0 035 Parameter A to calculate saturated TEMPO 2724 18 water vapor pressure Pex for gt ee 7 08 temperatures T gt OC typ 17 08 Water absorption coefficient A AW 0 6 m em EC MDW 15 Water vapor diffusion resistance factor TEMPO ICE 772 44 L AWVICE 22 44 Parameter to calculate saturated water vapor pressure P a for temperatures T lt OC typically 272 44 C Assign Parameter to calculate saturated water vapor pressure P a for temperatures T lt OC typically 22 44 Fig 8 10 Transport Material CERHYD Conductivity Diffusivity ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 89 SOUD Concrete Ultimate hydration degree e e E E S o E E E a o a E e e CCTransportMaterial i Micro diffusion of free water through Basic CERHYD Mixture CERHYD Capacity CERAYp formed hydrates Teitei TS ee Materi
37. affects the naming convention which is used for the generated input file or other working files for the ATENA analysis Froblem Data a Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step Calculation Analysis Static Script Version 725 Title Static analysis i EF Stati EN a ult bs 5 TaskName AtenaStaticResults Short description Calculate In AtenaStudio Fig 5 82 Problem data Global Settings The Solution Parameters list covers the solution parameters for non linear methods Their proper choice is important for a successful analysis The meaning of solution parameters can be found in the ATENA documentation Part 1 Theory 1 and Part 2 Users Manual 2 66 Problem Data a Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step Solution method for solving the nonlinear ee eee Method Newton Raphson system Newton Raphson or Arc length Displacement Error 0 01 Residual Error 0 01 Absolute Residual Error 0 01 Energy Error 0 0001 Negligible Size Relative 0 00001 Activate Negligible Size Absolut i a Fee mm Maximal number of iterations Iteration Limit 30 Optimize Band Width Sloan Method to be used for the element numbering optimization It helps to Iteration criteria the value of 0 01 corresponds to 1 error in the corresponding criterion
38. al 8 node interface CCIsoGap lt xxxxxxxx gt 3D quadrilateral 16 node interface CCIsoGap lt xxxxxxxxXXXXXXXXX gt 5 8 ATENA Menu Calculate ATENA Help lt 2 es E ATENA Analysis INF Create inp only amp Save and transform to latest scripts Reinforcement Detection IMT Export XT file for ATENA 3D gt GID Post processing ATENA 3D Post processing P ATENA GiD Manual fT ATENA Science Manuals P Check for Update of ATENA at Visit www cervenka cz E About Problemtype Version Fig 5 89 ATENA menu in GiD ATENA Analysis Runs analysis Create inp only Creating only inp file in the GiD model directory Save and transform to latest scripts Automatic function for save and transform to latest scripts in your computer Reinforcement Detection Automatic function for search lines which look as reinforcements and assign special condition for reinforcements Reinforcement Nodes Identification and Reinforcement Elems Identification Export IXT file for ATENA 3D It is also possible to export 3D mesh to an IXT format which can be imported to ATENA 3D Pre processor This tool is described in section 11 1 GiD Post processing Toggle to GiD pre and post processing ATENA 3D Post processing Run ATENA 3D ATENA GiD Manual Open ATENA GiD Manual ATENA Science Manuals Open directory with ATENA Manuals Check for Update of ATENA Online check if some new version of problem type is on th
39. al parameter to compute Bl le ha reduction of capillary moisture typ 7 5 B2 2e 4 ALPHAINF 0 9 ETA 7 6 ATS EA 40000 Potential for hydration moisture consumption B mass of water mass of cement V Activated Hydratation OH POT 500000 Initial time T for which Alpha has been calculated Typically it is zero QW POT 0 24 ae Initial value of Alpha maturity factor For fresh and hydrated concrete Alpha 0 Alpha 1 respectively ALPHA INIT 0 Typically it is zero C J 1l P THINCR MIN 1 Minimum time increment for integration THINCR MAX 1 of Alpha maturity factor TEMPERATURE INCR MAX 0 1 l l l l l Maximum time increment for integration of Alpha maturity factor Time increment for integration of Alpha maturity factor Assign Fig 8 11 Transport Material CERHYD Hydration Hydration maturity TABLE z Function for DoH t DoH Hydration maturity TABLEAT25C Function for DoH t DoH Fig 8 12 Transport Material CERHYD Hydration maturity options 90 8 1 2 Material Bazant_Xi_1994 only included for backward compatibility of old models Its moisture transport part is based on Bazant X1 model see the manual for ATENA Theory 1 that has been developed for the modelling mortar behaviour It accounts for water and cement paste only and hence in case of concrete mixture it neglects the presence of aggregate Consequently the model can only be used when relatively impermeab
40. am Theory 1 The ATENA software supports two kinds of creep and shrinkage analysis The first kind involves only mechanical analysis of the structure It is assumed that the structure has everywhere more or less similar humidity and temperature conditions and the same applies for ambient environment The corresponding problem type for this kind of analysis is Creep and it is accessible via menu item Data Problem type Atena The second kind of creep and shrinkage analysis is aimed for more complex situations when the structure is subjected to significant moisture and humidity variation in time and space In this case mechanical creep and shrinkage analysis is preceded by a transport analysis whose aim is to compute moisture and temperature histories of the structure at each of its material 1 e integration point The corresponding data type for the transport analysis is Transport At the end of the transport analysis the calculated histories are exported into data files from where they are later imported into the mechanical analysis The transport analysis is described in the next section of this document Generally speaking the procedure of preparing input data for creep and shrinkage analysis and its execution within ATENA GiD environment is very similar to that for usual static analysis neglecting the effect of time This process is described in the previous section of this document Hence in this section we will concentrate on descrip
41. are very similar to the shells described in section 5 3 2 SOUD Concrete E Reinforced Concrete m Z J K OE Basic Concrete Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Smeared Reinf 01 Element Geometry L Material Prototype CCCombinedMaterial Activate Concrete W Activate Smeared Reinf01 The smeared reinforcement Activate Smeared Reinf 02 components are activated Activate Smeared Reinf 03 using these checkboxes Fig 5 57 Reinforced Concrete material properties Basic The tabs with the concrete properties basic Fig 5 30 tension Fig 5 31 compression Fig 5 32 miscellaneous Fig 5 33 and geometry settings are identical to the Cementitious2 material 5 3 1 1 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 45 SOUD Concrete Reinforced Concrete lolx Basic Concrete Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Smeared Reinf OL Element Geometry Reinf 01 Material Prototype CCSmearedReinf c 5 Reinf 01 Youngs Modulus E 2 0E 5 MPa Reinf 01 Reinforcing RATIO 0 01 p As Ac Reinf 01 Dir X of the smeared reint 1 ta Reinf O1 Dir Y of the smeared reinf 0 f Reinf 01 Dir Z of the smeared reinf 0 3 Reinf 01 Yield Strength Y5 550 MPa f J Reinf 01 Number of Multilinear y f values Reinf 01 eps2 0 025 Reinf 01 f2 578 MPa Reinf 01 eps3 0 Reinf 01 f3 0 MPa O Reinf 01 eps4 0 Reinf 01 f4 0 MPa Reinf 01 eps4 0 Reinf 01 f5 0 MPa kton Reinf 01 R
42. ate System GLOBAL Spring Type CCPlaneSpring Initial stiffness K 10000 MPa Spring Non Linearity LINEAR a Dir X 0 0 mi Dir Y 1 0 mi Dir Z 0 0 mi Spring Length 1 0 om Unassign Basic Element Geometry The Material Spring you can defined only for one direction For more springs in more directions in one node or element please use Condition Spring_for_ Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR C Non Quadratic Neighbour Fig 5 70 Spring material dialog Example to define a surface spring with 5kKN m2 response at 15mm displacement l set the spring length to Im then 15mm displacement corresponds to relative displacement elongation shortening 0 015 2 set the spring material stiffness to 0 005 MN 0 015 0 3333333 MPa sigma E epsilon ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 57 Spring rs ioKe a Basic Nonlinear Parameters Element Geometry The Material Spring you can define only n etary see for one direction For more springs in more directions at one node or element please use Condition Spring_for_ iat R ENS F of Eps diagram f e 37 0 0 001 0 0 0 0 217 0 000058 E e Fig 5 71 Spring material dialog nonlinear parameters Imagine the spring as and elastic beam of length L in the direction determined by the direction vector and cross section thickness times line length If you have a horizontal line in a 2 D model and apply a vertical spring to it Y is the o
43. b 8a a095111111111124 Select Cancel Fig 3 1 Choice of USB or PC protection After making the appropriate selection and clicking the button Select the following dialog appears depending on the previous choices Note the HASP hardware keys for ATENA do NOT work as a flash disks on the other hand most common USB memory flash disks can be used to register GiD ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 5 Enter password window Enter password window Contact your Software dealer to Contact your Software dealer to obtain the key for this host obtain the key for this host Name jita Name usb ta Operating System windows Operating System windows aysina 2406538 cbo9ec swainto a095111111111124 or get it from or get it fror http se gidhome com password http wa gidhome com password Enter the password Enter the password A Ok Evaluation Cancel Evaluation Evaluation Cancel Cancel Fig 3 2 GiD register window PC protection left USB protection right If GiD have been registered previously the same official version of GiD the password can be reloaded by clicking Eh and selecting the folder where the old password is The new password is obtained by clicking the web address or pasting it into the web browser In this website the user then should follow the instructions to obtain the password which should be typed or copied into the bottom line in the above dialog do NOT enter the GiD License
44. bers The only difference from Cementitious2 User 5 3 1 4 is the Fibre Reinforcement tab replacing the Shear tab Fig 5 42 The settings from this tab are only considered for shear response i e all the remaining functions need to be defined the same way as for the Cementitious2 User material Cementitious SHCC Basic Tensile Compressive Fibre Reinforcement Tensi Fiber Volume Fraction 0 02 _ Fiber E Modulus 3 0E 4 Fiber Shear Modulus 0 15E 3 Fiber Cross Section Factor 0 9 Fiber Diameter 0 00004 Fibre Reinforcement properties ONLY for shear response of the NLCem2SHCC material E Assign Draw Fig 5 42 Cementitious2 SHCC Fibre Reinforcement ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 35 5 3 2 Shell Material In this section shell material is described In ATENA GiD this material has to be assigned to volumes where shell plate elements are to be used unlike ATENA Engineering 3D where one switches between volume and shell elements in Macroelement definition Shell material has geometry which supports Ahmad elements CCAhmadElement and IsoBrick IsoWedge elements CClsoShellBrick CClsoShellWedge These elements are reduced from a quadratic 3D brick wedge element with 20 15 nodes The element has 9 6 integration points in shell plane and layers in direction normal to its plane The total number of integration points is 9x number of layers for the bricks or 6x number of layers for the wedges
45. cted time range for the Global Settings Global Options ep TrarSpo analysis should be smaller than starting time of the first increment Retard Times Per Decade 2 L RETARDATION TIMES FOR Specifies the end of the expected time rage EXECUTION TIMES FROM should be slightly larger than STOP TIME T spinors 2000 Specifies the number of integration times for the whole analysis as a number of steps per time unit sample Times Per Decade 4 in the log scale It affects the number of generated sub steps and depends on the time units recommended value 2 6 if time units are days Accept Close Fig 7 1 Problem Data dialog 7 1 Boundary Conditions and Load Cases Related Input The essential part of any FEM analysis is to set correct boundary conditions for the analysed problem The related input information is specified in creep and shrinkage analysis in the same way as it is in a static analysis without creep see the dialog called by pressing the icon A from the GiD toolbar However one must be aware of the fact that the execution step for which the user defines boundary conditions is automatically by ATENA kernel subdivided into several sub steps That s why creep and shrinkage analysis must distinguish between boundary conditions that are to be applied to all internal sub steps and boundary conditions applicable only for the first sub step Typically support conditions should be applied in all sub steps but the loading incr
46. ding static Vitek3 Dtemp gid 3D four point beam with temperature loading transport ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 115 13 CALCULATION OF ATENA IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS The following section describes the method that is used by ATENA GiD interface to determine the numbering for various ATENA element types and element groups The numbers of element types and element groups will not be identical to the ids in GiD It is impossible to preserve the same ids in GiD and ATENA The ATENA ids are derived based on the number of element nodes and based on the used material using the tables and formulas below Table 4 ATENA element type ids based on the geometric nonlinearity and number of element nodes The element type id are calculated based on Eq 2 and 3 ElementType for 3D emsNnode ev iat sonia LINEAR NONLINEAR COsGpoesesses a T O E E CCIs0Brickammnannannx gt 20 20 so CClsoWedgecxxxxxxvexexmenx gt IS S tae AO E CClIsoBrick lt xxxxxxxx gt CCIsoWedge lt xxxxxx gt CCBarWithBond CClIsoTetra lt xxxx gt CClIsoTruss lt xxx gt CCIsoTruss lt xx gt ElementType for 2D aa LINEAR NONLINEAR Comes CCIsoQuad sooo i CClsoTrianglesxae e se CCBarWithBond CCIsoQuad lt xxxx gt CClIsoTriangle lt xxx gt CCIsoTruss lt xx gt caning i114 116 ELEMENT GROUP ID Mat ID 100 ELEMENT TYPE ID 1 3D Element pf tnerement AddingShellID Increment if is Shell element AddingGap
47. e EC2 Materials suitable for rock or concrete like materials This material is identical to 3DNONLINCEMENTITIOUS except that this model is fully incremental Cementitious2 CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Cementitious2 CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatig This material is based on the CC3DNonLinCementitious2 material extended for fatigue calculation Cementitious2 of material properties due to current temperature The temperature fields can be imported from a previously performed thermal analysis 22 CC3DNonLinCementitious2User Materials suitable for rock or concrete like materials This material is identical to CC3DNonLinCementitious2 except that selected material laws can be defined by user curves 5 3 1 4 Cementitious2 SHCC CC3DNonLinCementitious2SHCC Strain Hardening Cementitious Composite material Material suitable for fiber reinforced concrete such as SHCC and HPFRCC materials Identical to CC3DNonLinCementitious2User except for the shear response definition Cementitious3 CC3DNonLinCementitious3 Materials suitable for rock or concrete like materials This material is an advanced version of CC3DNonLinCementitious2 material that can handle the increased deformation capacity of concrete under triaxial compression Suitable for problems including confinement effects Reinforced Concrete CCCombinedMaterial This material can be used to create a composite material consisting of various components such as for instance concrete
48. e any points In both cases the normal directions have to be fixed before creating the contact volume surface An example how to create a contact surface is shown in section 5 3 6 4 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 53 Refer to the Interface Material Model section of the ATENA Theory Manual for the explanation of the interface material parameters Initial_Gap_Load_for_Volume Special type of element load is introduced by amp ELEMENT INITIAL GAP LOAD This load is used for gaps that are initially open Size of the opening is derived from the gap element s thickness at step INIT STEP ID n See input manual ELEMENT LOAD description It is not supported for 2D in GiD yet 5 3 6 1 General Explanation on Ways of Connecting Neighbouring Volumes or Surfaces in 2D Please understand the difference between A compatible shared surface and B incompatible master slave meshes between two neighboring volumes In case A all the volumes sharing surfaces build a single region from the mesh generation point of view Basically this means all the volumes have to be either structured or unstructured there are ways to combine structured and semi structured and unstructured meshes but that can only be recommended in special cases In the FE model the nodes on the shared surfaces belong to both volumes and therefore there is no need for master slave connections In case B the meshes are generated independently for each volume Master S
49. e computes eigenmodes of Max Number of Subspace Iterah ns 14 the projected global eigenvalues problem via F Sturm Sequence Check minimization of Rayleigh quotient Max Number of Jacobi Iterations 10 ee Defines number of projection vector used by Number of Projection Vecs 15 Rayleigh quotient method It must be equal or bigger than the number of required V Normalize Eigenvectors eigenvalues Shift Eigenvalues 0 stl LI Value by which the structural Flag for request to normalize eigenvalues should be shifted eigenvectors during iterations Fig 6 1 Settings of EigenValue Parameters Detailed example of static analysis at full length can be found in the ATENA Science example manual 8 You can also follow the ATENA GiD Tutorial 6 with detailed instructions to build a simple static model from scratch run it and post process it 76 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 7 7 CREEP ANALYSIS AND SHRINKAGE This section describes use of GiD graphic user interface to carry out creep and shrinkage analysis within ATENA software The theoretical background for such an analysis is given in ATENA Program Documentation Part 1 Theory 1 Here we will concentrate only on the explanation of the GUI support implemented in the GiD environment For the exact meaning and deeper description of the individual input parameters the reader is referred to ATENA Program Documentation Part 6 Input File Format Manual 4 and Part 1 Progr
50. e web Visit www cervenka cz Go to www cervenka cz website About Problem type Version View splash screen with problem type version ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 75 6 STATIC ANALYSIS Static analysis is activated in GiD by selecting an appropriate problem type Static see the menu items Data Problem Type Atena The making of model it s the same like others problem data It s necessary to assign Conditions 5 2 for each macro element assign material properties 5 3 define the interval data Fig 5 75 Fig 5 78 Fig 6 1 and problem type properties Fig 5 85 meshing model 5 7 and execute the analysis by the clicking on the icon or by the using of command Calculate Calculate The natural frequencies of the structure and the corresponding shapes can be calculated in both dynamic and static analysis Check the box Calculate Eigenvalues Vectors at the EigenValue Analysis tab and the Eigenvalue Parameters tab appears see Fig 6 1 Interval Date Sets number of the Maximum eigenvalues error that is tolerated lowest eigenmodes that E 1 should be calculated J l l Max ie of J Max number of subspace a Basic Pardmeters Eigenvalue Analysis Eigenvglue Pa OS Fag for requesting Sturm check that no Use decimal point do not use comma eigenvalue got missed during the solution Number of Eigenvals 6 Max Eigenval Error 260000 Max number of iteration within J a The see leet al Jacobi procedur
51. ecommended to go through the ATENA GiD Tutorial 6 before starting with one s own modelling 2 2 Limitations of ATENA GiD Interface It should be noted that ATENA GiD interface supports the most common features of the ATENA software However the direct modification of the ATENA input file may be sometimes useful and it allows the user to exploit all the features of the ATENA software Detailed syntax of all ATENA commands is described in the ATENA documentation 4 This ATENA command file typically with the extension inp is generated by GiD but it is a readable text file that can be further modified manually if needed ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 3 3 GID INSTALLATION AND REGISTRATION GiD installation can be performed during ATENA installation or GiD can be separately downloaded from the GiD developer at http www gidhome com In order to use GiD without the limitations of the trial version 30 days or e g 1000 nodes it 1s necessary to obtain a user license by purchasing the program from GiD distributors in your country from Cervenka Consulting or directly from the GiD web page http www gidhome com With a valid license number it is necessary to obtain a password for the computer please note the difference between GiD License Number and GiD Password on which the GiD will be operated or a USB flash disk recommended The same procedure is also used to obtain a free 30 days trial password The registration p
52. ector directions on the interface lines so that both point in the same direction Step 4 Move the displaced surface back with the option duplicate entities checked Notice the overlapping labels of the interface lines and points i i i i E ggauaes PECEET TET treet tt il lt EEE od i i TPE rrr HETEN er EE AET Z AFETE 0 a a E m E ie ERETTE j ll 4 Fig 5 68 Creating a contact surface Steps 3 4 Step 5 Select Geometry Create Contact surface and select the two interface lines 3 and 10 in order to create the new contact surface 3 Assign the interface material to this contact surface by selecting Data Materials Interface Step 6 Ensure mesh compatibility for the two interface lines 3 and 10 The interface creation is now complete Pty ee ee 6 Fig 5 69 Creating a contact surface Steps 5 6 The procedure for a 3D interface is essentially the same considering surfaces and volumes instead of lines and surfaces respectively and replacing the creation command in Step 5 by Geometry Create Contact Volume However the direction of the normals differs between 2D and 3D interfaces 56 5 3 7 Spring material Basic Element Geometry The Material Spring you can defined only for one direction For more springs in more directions in one node or element please use Condition Spring for_ Material Prototype CCSpringMaterial Coordin
53. efined of the size of the smaller of the two located a small distance e g 0 1mm inside the volume the bigger surface belongs to Please keep in mind the 3 surfaces lines can not share any lines or points points The easiest way usually is to copy the smaller surface Then create a contact volume from the two smaller surfaces and assign the desired interface GAP material to it Finally connect the additional surface to the bigger 54 surface using Master Slave conditions Boundary conditions surfaces fixed contact for surface sce the Conditions section 5 2 for explanation of fixed contacts 5 3 6 4 Example Creating a Contact Surface The purpose of this example is to show how to create an interface between the two concrete blocks modeled in two dimensions The two blocks are shown in Fig 5 66 The interface will be added at the place of the inclined line Fig 5 66 Creating a contact surface Introduction The interface can be created through the following steps illustrated in Fig 5 67 Fig 5 68 and Fig 5 69 Step 1 Create the 2 surfaces to be connected by a contact Step 2 Move one surface away by a small distance using Utilities Move Notice that two points 9 10 and one line 10 is created 2 Fig 5 67 Creating a contact surface Steps 1 2 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 55 Step 3 Select Utilities Swap Normals Lines to check the interface line vectors If needed change the v
54. ement should be applied only in the first step In GiD dialogs for the boundary ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 79 conditions the two types of conditions are distinguished by the check box Apply in Sub increment If it is checked the specified boundary conditions are assumed to be applied in all sub increments i e sub steps In case a loading should be applied only in the first sub step this box should not be selected There are several levels which affect the loading history definition Intervals this is the main level to define the loading history for the ATENA analysis Each interval consists of a set of conditions which are defined according to the Section 52 Load steps this is the level which is used in ATENA Each interval can include multiple load steps with the same boundary conditions Sub steps these are internal load steps which are automatically created by ATENA during the creep analysis in order to properly integrate the structural time response The number of these sub steps is affected by the choice of the sample times per decade see Fig 7 1 7 2 Specific Creep Boundary Conditions All boundary conditions are the same as conditions for static 7 3 Material Input Data Each creep and shrinkage material consists of two parts a creep prediction model such as Bazant s B3 model and an ordinary short term material model for concrete such CC3DNonLinCementitious2 The short term model is als
55. ence GiD User s Manual 19 Conditions Reinforcement Prestressing This condition is only for 1D elements Each geometrical Line with this condition need separate solo material USE decimal point DO NOT use comma DIRECTION START TOENC FUNCTION for prestress Functionl001 Entities Fig 5 24 Reinforcement Prestressing Boundary Reactions for Support for the new Austrian tunnelling method The user can define the activation or removal of parts the structural model to simulate the various construction cases The redistribution of the forces between the removed parts and the new ones can be controlled through user defined parameters Example how to use this condition you can find in AtenaExamples Tutorial Creep2D Tunnel WithConstructionProcessNew gid Conditions Boundary Reactions for Line DOF 1 Load Case ID for support 10000 IntervalNurmber Load Case ID for Reactions 20000 IntervalNumber Fig 5 25 Boundary reactions for 20 5 3 Materials The materials are first defined and then assigned to the model The later can be done in two ways In the first and most convenient way the material is assigned to a geometrical entity This is usually a volume in 3D or a surface in 2D On the other hand reinforcement properties are usually assigned to line entities After the element generation the material is automatically assigned to finite elements that are generated on the correspond
56. ent Last Generation Young s Modulus E 200GPa Last Generation Characteristic Yield Strength f xk Last Generation Class of Reinforcement Last Generation Safety Format Desig n Reinforceme Fig 5 59 1D Reinforcement material properties The second material Reinforcement has some settings different from Reinforcement EC2 There are four material prototypes in Basic tab CCReinforcement and CCReinforcementWithTempDepProperties can be selected also in Reinforcement EC2 Detailed information about all material prototypes can be find in chapter 5 3 table 1 page 24 1D Reinforcement EE cox me Basic Reint Function Miscellaneous Element Geometry Material Prototype CReinforcement CCCyclingReinforcement CCReinforcement With TempDepProperties a ean CC1DElastlsotropic ROL To recalculate click 2x Update mi changes next to material box Reinf 01 Young s Modulus E Area 0 000201061 m Fig 5 57 Reinforcement material prototypes ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 47 CCReinforcementWithTemp Dep Properties This model is used to simulate change of material properties due to current temperature The temperature fields can be imported from a previously performed thermal analysis Reinforcement parameters can be generated according to production method 1D Reinforcement EE con me Basic Reinf Function Temp Dependent Mat Miscellaneous Element Geometry
57. entation Part 12 User s manual for ATENA Studio Cervenka Consulting 2012 Prochazkova Z Cervenka J Janda Z Pryl D 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 4 6 ATENA Science GiD Tutorial Cervenka Consulting 2012 Kabele P Cervenka V and Cervenka J 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 3 1 Example Manual ATENA Engineering Cervenka Consulting 2012 Cervenka V Cervenka J and Janda Z 2012 ATENA Program Documentation Part 3 2 Example Manual ATENA Science Cervenka Consulting 2012 Pryl D and Cervenka J 2013 ATENA Program Documentation Part 11 ATENA Troubleshooting Cervenka Consulting 2013
58. erial CERHYD Model Concrete model CERHYD calculates transport parameters K TEMP TEMP C TEMP TEMP D H H and C H H on the basis of concrete composition and properties of individual components The model also includes calculation of concrete hydration based on the affinity hydration model For more detail the Theory Manual should be consulted 1 If the temperature and moisture checkboxes are also activated the calculated parameters of the concrete model CERHYD are added to the values provided in the temperature and moisture dialogs ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 87 SOLID Concrete _ BONA n 2 Basic CERHYD Mixture CERHYD Capacity CERHYD Conductivity Difusswity CERHYD Hydratation Initi AGGREGATE MASS 1674 kg FILLER MASS 204 kg Fine and coarse aggregate mass in concrete kg N l CEMENT DENSITY 3150 E Filler mass in concrete mi CCTransportMaterial id WATER DENSITY 1000 3 kg AGGREGATE DENSITY 2530 E Density of coarse and fine aggregate kg FILLER DENSITY 2500 3 Density of filler Assign Draw Unassign Exchange Fig 8 8 Transport Material CERHYD Mixture SOLD Concrete Eal CCTransportMaterial BION ie Basic CERHYD Mixture CERHYD Capacity CERHYD Conductivity Difussmity CERHYD Hydratation Initi J C AGGREGATE TEMP TEMP 2 016E6 Ep Heat capacity of aggregate per unit volume D i i mec Heat capacity of filler per unit volume C CEMENT TEMP TEMP 2 556 nar Heat cap
59. ering is modified to correspond with the ATENA format as it is described in the figure below CCISoOBri1ck lt xxxx Linear and quadratic Wedge structured mesh 6 nodes CCIsoWedge lt xxxxxx gt 15 nodes CCIlsoWedge lt xxxxxxXXXXXXXXXX gt However ATENA is using a different nodal numbering this means that during the export of the ATENA input file the nodal numbering is modified to correspond with the ATENA format as it is described in the figure below CCIsoWedge lt xxxxxx gt In ATENA GiD interface it is possible to model springs in two ways Either by generating elements along a line or surface and then by assigning them a Spring material property Alternative approach is by prescribing springs as conditions using the Data Conditions menu With the second approach it is easier to define springs that are normal to a curved surface or line CCSpring 2D and 3D element to model spring like boundary conditions at a point CCLineSpring 2D element to model spring like boundary conditions along a line CCSpring CCLineSpring CCPlaneSpring 3D element to model spring like boundary conditions along a triangular area ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 73 Interface 74 CCPlaneSpring CCSpring 2D quadratic 6 node line interface CCIsoGap lt xxxxxx gt 3D triangular 6 node interface CCIsoGap lt xxxxxx gt 3D triangular 12 node interface CCIsoGap lt xxxxxxxxxxxx gt 3D quadrilater
60. exponential character of concrete creep and shrinkage behaviour and user need not to worry about any related details This means that in 78 addition to the load steps which are predefined by the user additional sub steps are introduced automatically during the analysis in order to accurately consider the effect of the loading history This sub stepping process can be adjusted through a proper selection of the parameter Sample Times Per Decade see the input dialog below It can be reached via the menu item Data Problem Data Problem Data or by pressing the con The parameters for the retardation time generations are specified in this dialog The retardation times see 1 are also generated automatically It is only important to set them such that time in the parameter Retardation time for execution times precedes the first load time of the structure and the value of the parameter Retardation time for execution times exceeds the last time of our interest In addition the number of Retardation time per decade should somehow correlate with the number of sample times per decade Otherwise we would violate balance in accuracy of individual approximations involved in the creep and shrinkage analysis The remaining data sheets of this dialog are the same as for usual static analysis Specifies the number of time steps per time unit in log scale to approximate the creep Problem Data law for units of day typical value is 2 Specifies the expe
61. f assignment command depends on the display type In case that geometry is displayed then geometry type is to be selected line for reinforcement volume for concrete and material can be assigned to the geometric entities In case that the finite elements are displayed the material can be directly assigned to individual finite elements It should be noted that if a material is assigned directly to finite elements the assignment is lost every time the mesh is regenerated Draw displays the material assignment to volumes or elements Unassisgn Reverse operation to Assign It deletes the material assignment Exchange Open material database from other GiD project and import your created material to your new project It is also possible to import material from new project to the other project exchange Table 1 Materials supported by GiD interface to ATENA SOLID Elastic Elastic 3D CC3DElastlsotropic Linear elastic isotropic materials for 3D SOLID Steel J Steel Von Mises 3D CC3DBiLinearSteelVonMises Plastic materials with Von Mises yield condition e g suitable for steel Steel Von Mises 3D CC3DBiLinearVonMisesWithTempDe This model is to be used to simulate change of material properties due to current temperature The temperature fields can be imported from a previously performed thermal analysis SOLID Concrete A CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Material is like Cementitious2 You can generate material properties according th
62. face Iinfo Dependencies for interface infol materials parameters E Assign Unassign Fig 5 63 Interface material properties Basic 52 Interface Ea Interface Z OIX K Basic Softening Hardening Miscellaneous Element Geometry Tension Soft Hard Function duf fro Cohesion Soft Hard Function dve cco Fig 5 64 Interface material properties Softening Hardening Interface Interface IK X Basic Miscellaneous Element Geometry Minimal normal stiffness for i MN numerical purposes Min Norm Stiff K NN MIN 2 000E 05 m Minimal tangential stiffness for i MN numerical purposes Min Tang Stiff K TT MIN 2 000E 05 7 m ll Identifies which side of the interface is movable Should be Moving interface No used in connection with the Use i Current coordinates option Assign Draw Unassign in Fig 5 12 Can be used for modeling moving interfaces Close Fig 5 65 Interface material properties Miscellaneous 3D Interface The normals of all surfaces have to point out of the volumes connected by the interface 1 e both points into the contact volume The 2 surfaces can not share any lines or points 2D Interface The normals of all lines have to point in the same direction 1 e both points out of one surface and in the other surface The 2 lines can not shar
63. ggle between pre and post processing see Fig 10 7 After that a dialog window appears and the button OK should be pressed The program switches into pre processing Then the command Data Problem Data Post Data can be selected in the main menu and a window for the definition of the post data will appear see Fig 10 8 This dialog you can run directly by clicking to icon F in postprocessor ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 107 Gb GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project AtenaResults boba Files View Utilities Do cuts View results Options Window Help SAE Ae ENET E AED Owls s n 434 313 r Normalt No Units m GiD CB AA BF Digna ate F ong This icon should be selected to switch s x V between pre and post processing q E 123 X E LJ 5 FIN i aa q mi a AA M A 21 E A 9 HL COD1 gS 0 0008733 4 0 00077627 0 00067923 0 0005822 0 00048517 0 00038813 0 0002911 z 0 00019407 y 9 7033e 05 0 x Fig 10 7 Switch between pre and postprocessing General Load and Forces Strain Stress Fatique Interface Steps Import Options CRACK WIDTH DISPLACEMENTS E EIGENVECTORS E IMPERFECTIONS L PERFORMANCE INDEX F PHYSICAL PARAMETERS E SOFT HARD PARAMETER C CURRENT NODAL COORDINATES C REFERENCE NODAL COORDINATES Fig 10 8 The selection of the data which should be available for the post processing 108 For example the FRACTURE
64. hange Fig 5 49 Shell material properties Base ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 39 SHELL Creep Concrete E Shell Concrete Steel Basic Local Coordinate System Creep Material Autogenous shrinkage Base Element Geometry Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR s7 Initial Strain Application DEFAULT PROCESSING Initial Stress Application DEFAULT PROCESSING Element Type CCAhmadElementszH Allow Shell Deformation in Z Selection Name i Idealisation SHELL Shell Concrete Steel v Es A eA K i Basic Local Coordinate System Base Element Geometry Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR g Initial Strain Application DEFAULT PROCESSING Initial Stress Application CCAhmadElement22H9 Element Type CClsoShellBrick lt 000000000000000 CCAhmadElement33H9 CCAhmadElements2l9 CCAhmadElements3L9 CCAhmadElement22 2 CCleoShellWedge x Selection Name Idealisation Fig 5 50 Shell material properties Element Geometry and Element Type Initial Strain Stress application Special flag for processing initial strain stress load for elements with embedded smeared reinforcement By default the load is applied to both solid and reinforcement parts of the element Element type 3D shell elements The first and the second digit in the element name specifies number of integration points for element bending and shear energy E g the digit three says that the element is integrated in 3 IPs in X dir 3 IPs in Y dir
65. he importing of the results from ATENA Studio into GiD ws Go GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project AtenaResults Files View Utilities Do cuts View results Options Window Help OBweslwwet oral exes se ZB mbH n 434 e 313 r Normal t No Units m GiD J By Fig 10 4 The importing of the results from ATENA was finished After importing data from ATENA the post processing can be started Let s display for example cracks width First of all it should be checked which step will be post processed It 1s done by selecting View Results Default Analysis Step AtenaResults2GiD in the main menu or by the Default Analysis Step icon EE for example step 35 see Fig 10 5 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 105 Go GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Project AtenaResults eo ea Files View Utilities Do cuts Options Window Help i OPAAL Noresuts jes Q a n 434 313 r Normalt No Units m GiD CB Oe ee _ No Graphs AA A i w i 2 27 j E ea Contour Fill gt 3 28 E tK 9 Smooth Contour Fill gt 4 2 Gd eo Contour Lines 5 30 D Cy Contour Ranges gt 6 31 Paj gt al Show Min Max gt 7 32 a Display Vectors gt 8 33 Y SN al Iso Surfaces gt 9 34 xx I Stream Lines gt j gt gt j Node trace g N ket Graphs y lt x Result Surface Deformation Line Diagram b a Da a A a a Integrate
66. ho Density 0 00785 3 Reinf 01 Thermal Expansion Alpha 0 000012 Fig 5 58 Reinforced Concrete material properties Smeared Reinforcement 5 3 5 1D Reinforcement Material The basic material parameters for one dimensional reinforcement bars are essentially the same as for the smeared reinforcement in Reinforced Concrete material 5 3 4 In the following only the additional different options will be explained There are two types of reinforcement The Reinforcement EC2 is used the most often The tab EC2 can be used to define the material parameters for bars or tendons based on the reinforcement steel strength class a few basic parameters elastic modulus characteristic yield strength and safety format Check the box Generate Material and click on the Update Changes icon after selecting all the parameters to generate the material 46 1D Reinforcement Eal Reinforcement EC2 EC 2 Basic Reinf Function Miscellaneous Element Geometry Type of reinforcement Reinforcement v Update changes Young s Modulus E 200 GPa Characteristic Yield Strength f xk 500 MPa Class of Reinforcement Choose Class v Epsilon u k 0 05 Parameter k 1 08 Safety Format vos First click update changes button to save material properties Next select checkbox below and click update changes button again to m generate the EC2 material g properties e Generate Material Generate Material Last Generation Type of reinforcem
67. ichlet humidity for Neumann temperature The simplest way to prescribe a thermal flux Conditions Neumann Temperature for Surface Fig 8 19 Neumann temperature for Neumann humidity The simplest way to prescribe a moisture flux ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 95 Neumann Humidity for Surface Unassign Fig 8 20 Neumann humidity for Moisture Temperature boundary A combination of heat and moisture transfer by convection radiation and evaporation The heat and moisture fluxes from the individual contributions are added together Conditions n Me Moisture Temperature Boundary for Surface K I CAUTION This ts a total condition Ambient Temperature 20 Ambient air relative humidity AmbiTemper FUNCTION TYPE NONE a Humidity FUNCTION TYPE NONE E HEAT CONVECTION AND RADIATION Convection T 50 3 Convection heat transfer coefficient W m K Default this coefficient is automatically set to Emissivity T 0 56 consume 2270000 J per 1kg of evaporated water W HEAT EVAPORATION l E J Soloa o Tie 0000 kg Convection moisture transfer coefficient V MOISTURE CONVECTION l 2 ka Evaporation coefficient kg m s Default Convection W 0 a SEC IT 2 Se ee eres l value 25 19 v 3600 kg m s where v is WI MOISTURE EVAPORATION kg air velocity in ms EVAPORATION MOISTURE 90000 J ZEC M Total absolute ambient air pressure Pa sum oe eee P0132 iia of
68. ig 5 54 are very similar to the shells described in the previous section 5 3 2 The local X corresponds to the beam length direction the local Z to its height 42 BEAM Concrete Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement Element Geometry Beam Concrete Steel Material Prototype CCBeam3DMaterial Actrrate Base E me tens tonic eiaiper eta On this list you can activate reinforcement layers The new lists will be added to top row of list name Fig 5 53 Beam material properties Basic BEAM Concrete Ea Beam Concrete Steel Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement Element Geometry Define Local Axes X Z vix 0 Vly 1 Viz 0 V3x 0 Vay 0 Vaz 1 Fig 5 54 Beam material properties Local Coordinate System Instead of the shell internal layers the beam cross section is built from rectangular cells Fig 5 55 Each cell can be either active representing an area where a material is present or inactive void ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 43 BEAM Concrete A Beam Concrete Steel Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement Element Geometry Number of IPs in R 4 al Crossection Cells Cell Count l Cell NumberintE Numbers of Inactive cells Number of cells in axes t and s MTER _ r t Material parameters Inactive Cells NUMBERS co a V Activate Ref Height Beam Ref Size t 0 3 V Act
69. in load in conventional static analysis In the stress analysis by ATENA it is also possible to consider the temperature dependence of material properties Moisture and heat transport analysis is activated in GiD by selecting an appropriate problem type Transport see the menu items Data Problem Type Atena 8 1 Material Input Data Currently only one material model is supported CCTransportMaterial Material Bazant Xi 1994 see section 8 1 2 is not supported since version 5 0 0 any more The wi corresponding input data dialog appears by pressing the icon F 8 1 1 Material CCTransport CERHYD SOUD Concrete CCTransportMaterial el A r 2 Basic Initial Temperature Initial Humidity Element Geometry CCTransportMaterial Activate Temperature Activate Moisture Activate Concrete Model CERHYD HELP Unassign Exchange Fig 8 1 Heat and moisture transport material model dialog 84 The model name is _ CCTransportMaterial The Material Prototype is CCTransportMaterial or CCTransportMaterialLevel7 It depends on the check box Activate Concrete Model CERHYD CCTransportMaterial is a simple constitutive law that allows users to enter laboratorial measured moisture and heat characteristics CCTransportMaterialLevel7 is an extension of the above CCMaterialTransport material in the way it automatically computes moisture and temperature capacity and conductivity diffusivity incl sink terms regarding hyd
70. in the various ATENA GiD problem types GiD versions older than 7 4 may have compatibility problems with the newer problem types Similarly older versions of ATENA prior to the version 3 x x may have problems with the newer problem types Table 2 Available ATENA material types in various GiD ATENA problem types Materials for problem type ATENA inp name GiD Name CC3DNonLinCementitious2SHCC Cementitious2 SHCC CC3DNonLinCementitious2 Fatigue Concrete EC2 Cementitious2 CC3DNonLinCementitious2 User Cementitious2 User CC3DNonLinCementitious2 WithTempDepProperties Concrete EC2 Cementitious2 X f transport d Pp p P P Dynamic ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 25 CC3DNonLinCementitious3 Cementitious3 xilx x CCCombinedMaterial Reinforced Concrete CCCombinedMaterial WithTempDepProperties Reinforced Concrete xf ff CCMicroplane4 Microplane M4 CC3DInterface Interface CC2DInterface Interface CCPlaneStressElastlsotropie o o o CCPlaneStrainElastlsotrope o o y CCIDElastisowopic Reintoroementec2 x CCReinforcement Reinforcement EC2 CCReinforcementWithTempDepProperties Reinforcement EC2 CCSmearedReinf Reinforced Concrete CCCyclingReinforcement Reinforcement EC2 CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticit CCSpringMaterial Spring Material CCShellMaterial Shell Concrete Steel CCBeam3DMaterial Beam Concrete CCModelB3 ModelB3 CCModelB3 Improved ModelB3Improved CCModelBP KX ModelBP_KX CCModelCEB FIP78 Model
71. increase the calculated strain to compensate for the losses due to the elastic deformation of the structure resulting from the pre stress applied or add an additional compensation interval to apply the lost pre stress Conditions Initial Strain for 2DElem Surface K rj This condition is only for 2D elements USE decimal prist 0O bin W Strain Component XX Positive value extension in X direction Negative value shortening in X direction Value 0 0 Strain Component YY Value 0 0 L Strain Component ZZ Value 0 0 Entities Unassign Fig 5 17 Conditions Initial Strain for Initial Stress This condition can be used to model pre stressing Unlike Initial Strain the stress force remains constant This corresponds to a situation with pre stressing cables repeatedly post tensioned to compensate for the losses Positive stress means tensile pre stressing Conditions Initial Stress for 27DElem Surface in This condition is only for 2D elements USE decimal point DO NOT use comma Stress Component AX gt a The normal stress in X direction Stress Component YY Value 0 0 Stress Component 7 Value 0 0 Entities Unassign Fig 5 18 Conditions Initial Stress for Shell Solid Contact This is a special condition useful in some situations when shell and volume elements are connected to each other It does NOT connec
72. information please read the ATENA Theory 1 and input data documentation 4 and or the related literature The above applies for concrete structures or for concrete structures with discrete reinforcement only The situation is a bit more complicated in the case of concrete structures with smeared reinforcement when a material definition for creep and shrinkage analysis should comprise three material models a creep prediction model a short term model concrete and short term model for smeared reinforcement This type of input data in GiD is still in stage of development and thus not all combinations of the material candidates suitable for one of the three material types are supported The corresponding input data dialog is invoked by pressing the icon and it pulls out the following dialog sheets ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 81 SOUD Creep Concrete Creep Reinforced Concrete Basic Creep Material Concrete Element Geometry Solid Material Prototype CCModelBslmproved Concrete Type ACl Normal Thickness 0 0767 Humidity 0 780 Density 2125 AC 7 04 WC 0 63 Shape Factor square prism Curing AIR ad End of Curing Time 6 9 day L Activate Compliances E Activate Losses Activate Shrinkages Activate History Fig 7 3 Reinforced concrete material with smeared reinforcement The dialog has several pages each corresponding to a particular type of data For exam
73. ing geometric entity The second possibility is to assign materials directly to the finite elements The material assignment and definition is activated either from the menu item Data Materials or by the const AA 1 kes Ma Data Mesh Calculate ATENA Help Problem type tR Layerd Conditions ateria SOLID Elastic Interval Data SOLID Steel Problem Data gt SOLID Concrete Data units SOLID Soil Rock SHELL Concrete Steel Interval BEAM Concrete TEF b 1D Reinforcement Interface Spring Functions Fig 5 26 Example of available material categories for static analysis ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry l Material Prototype CC3DNonLinCementitious ka Base Material Prototype CCSDNonLinCementitious2 Young s Modulus E 30320 MPa Poisson s Ratio MU 0 2 Tension Strength FT 2 517 Compresion Strength FC 25 5 Fig 5 27 Example of menu window for the material concrete Each material can be defined in a special dialog window Example of such a window for concrete material is shown in Fig 5 27 Each material offers default parameters They can be changed to any desired values After definition of material parameters the ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 21 material can be assigned to the numerical model Operations for material assignment are done with the buttons in the bottom of the dialog Assign The target o
74. intervals are used for the Interval Is Active analysis Load Name Load Interval Multiplier 1 0 ae Use this if you can define loading L Define Loading History history manually Type of Definition Manual Generate Multiple Steps Number of Load Steps 1 If this check box is selected Transport data are imported into this interval The check box is activated in Problem Data gt Time and Transport by HISTORY OVERVRITE IMPORT Interval Starting Time 0 0 SEC Store Data for this Interval Steps SAVE A Fatigue Inters C Read Transport Data Transport Import EACH STEP Interval End Time 0 04 Sec After calculation can be erase Number of T ort Load Ste 1 a re are ieen oee unused Load Case Data Delete BC Data After Calculation a _ Activate list with solution parameters r 1E IF Activate Interface Openning This switch updates interface opening based on the interface geometry This is useful for Accept E modeling interfaces with initial opening Apply temperature to reinforcement Fig 5 75 Interval Data window Basic parameters 60 Show Material Actrity Material Activity OldMateralName NewMaterialName Resetew Cementitious2 Cementitiouss 0 B F Fig 5 76 Interval Data window Material activity This is new option how to set material activity for the construction process Old Material name is name of material which is assigned to the geometry So
75. ivate Ref Width Concrete EC H BASI Individual cells Beam Ref Size s 0 2 Cementitious Use Base Material Cementitious Cementitious User Read me Right click forhel Cementitious SHCC Cementitiouss Reinforced Concrete Assign Microplane M4 SBETA Material Elastic 3D Steel VonMises 3D Fig 5 55 Beam material properties Base The definition of the smeared reinforcement Fig 5 56 and the geometry properties is also very similar to the definitions in the shell elements see Section 5 3 2 44 BEAM Concrete Ea Beam Concrete Steel x glo X K wj Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinforcement Element Geometry Reinf Material Prototype CCSDBiLinearSteelVonMises Reinf Profiles ST Area s Coord T Coord Activity B C Help Calculator Reinf 01 Young s Modulus E 2 0E 5 Description of reinforcement Reinf 01 Poisson s Ratio MU 0 3 in beam concrete Reinf 01 Yield Strength 5 550 MPa Reinf 01 Hardening Modulus HM 1 0E 4 MPa kton Reint Rho Density 0 00785 ma m Reinf Thermal Expansion Alpha 0 000012 Fig 5 56 Beam material properties Reinforcement 5 3 4 Reinforced Concrete The Reinforced Concrete material is used to define a composite material consisting of a volume material typically Concrete and smeared reinforcement 1D material in one or more directions The basic settings like activating and defining smeared reinforcement Fig 5 57 Fig 5 58
76. l definitions This method 1s useful in cases when very complex meshes for curved geometries need to be created 112 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 113 12 EXAMPLE DATA FILES Following data files of examples for GiD application are included in the ATENA installation Directory Tutorial Creep2D Beam WithCreep gid Slab with creep that 1s modelled as a two dimensional structure Directory Tutorial Creep3D SlabWithColumn gid symmetric quarter of a square 3D slab with creep modelled using shell elements ReinforcedSlabWithSpringSupport gid creep experiment in Bratislava Directory Tutorial Dynamic BridgeConcreteSinusImpulsLoad gid Simply supported beam with sinus impulse load BridgeConcreteSinusImpulsLoad_demo gid Same as above but for demo version BridgeElasticSinusImpulsLoad gid Simply supported beam with elastic material and sinus impulse load SingleDegreeFree Vibration gid Single degree of freedom example with free vibration Directory Tutorial Static2D axisym gid Axisymmetric problem PunchingShearFailure gid Axisymmetric problem of slab punching failure InterfaceWithShear gid Example with an interface material model Tunnel WithConstructionProcess gid Two dimensional analysis of a simple tunnel with construction process FourPointRCBeam gid Only static analysis without creep of the slab specimens tested by Metrostav Praha FourPointRCBeam_demo gid Same as above but can be analysed with ATENA
77. l monitors in Problem data dialog see Section 5 5 Conditions aS It is also possibile to set the global monitors in Problem data dialog Output Data DISPLACEMENTS ir X ir Y ir Z raw Each Iteration MonitorName Monitor Entities Unassign Fig 5 9 Conditions Monitor for ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 13 Monitors for Reinforcements To record values on reinforcement bars and cables the Monitor for Reinforcement condition is to be used instead of the general Monitor condition Conditions Jae Monitor for Reinforcement In d It is also possibile to set the global monitors in Problem data dialog Draw Each Iteration MonitorName Monitor Monitor Max Stress Monitor Min Stress C Monitor Max Strain Monitor Min Strain Monitor Max Plastic Strain Monitor Min Plastic Strain Assign Entities Unassign Fig 5 10 Conditions Monitor for Reinforcements Max Monitors This condition is a special monitor type which allows users to trace extreme values or sums over some region e g the maximum crack width in a volume or the total reaction from surface support Conditions gt Me Mlax lonitor for Surface It is also possibile to set the global monitors in Problem data dialog Data Attribute CRACK WIDTH Y Itern At all Global MM MAXIMUM Location NODES Draw Each Iteration C IdentificationByName Assign
78. lated to Transport Analysis Another data sheet which is specific to the transport analysis 1s described below Problem Data Global Settings Time and Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Sten Theta parameter influencing the Time Integration of Transient CRANE NICHIH50 time integration see 1 Theta of Crank Nicholson 0 7 E opor ie eee File names including the path where Export Results To Thermal_ the results of the transport analysis Export Geometry To Thermal_ are stored and can be later imported and used in a subsequent stress analysis These export files are created only if the check box is selected Accept Close Fig 8 14 Time and transport data sheet This sheet is invoked by pressing the icon F In addition to other parameters used for temporal integration it comprises names of files where the results of this analysis should be exported Note that Export Transport Result checkbox must be checked The 1 of them contains actual humidity and temperature histories of the structure and the 2 file keeps information about geometry of the model The exported data are compatible with import data format of creep and shrinkage analysis or by element temperature load for static analysis without creep Hence it is very easy to transfer the histories between this analysis and any other analysis that can make use of it This means that it is not necessary to use the same model or finite e
79. lave conditions see Fixed Contacts in section 5 2 have to be assigned to the surfaces which should be connected a Master Slave connection can be even used to connect contact elements to the neighboring volume as explained in the next section 5 3 6 2 5 3 6 2 Contacts between Compatible Meshes If contacts are to be introduced between a pair of neighboring volumes with compatible meshes case A above the shared surface needs to be duplicated The easiest way to do so 1s to move one of the volumes some distance away such that it does not interfere with anything else in the model and then back with the option Duplicate entities enabled The Duplicate entities in the Copy dialog works the following way If unchecked eventual duplicate nodes lines surfaces are merged into one similarly to the Collapse command If checked all are kept nothing is merged For example when copying a rectangular surface just next to the original the left line 1s copied over the right line If the box is unchecked both of them are kept and the surfaces are independent If it is checked the lines are merged into a single one which is shared by the 2 surfaces 5 3 6 3 Contacts between Incompatible Meshes GiD only allows prism contact elements between surfaces of the same size and mesh settings Therefore if the two surfaces lines to be connected are of different sizes partial contact or with differing meshes an extra surface line needs to be d
80. lculate Master Slave connections identified by different names Oflly its constraints at each Master and Slave conditions of the step reflecting the same name are connected together deformation of the E Do not connect selected Dy structure It can be used E Use current coordinates in connection with ee un Moving interface option Fig 5 65 Fig 5 12 Conditions Fixed Contact for Selection Nodes This condition can be used for the definition of nodal selections that can be later used by other conditions Now mainly for experimental use Conditions gt n Me Selection Nodes for Surface R i SelectionName SelNodesl Assign Entities Draw Unassign Fig 5 13 Conditions Selection Nodes for Axi rotational reinforcement condition for point This condition is aimed mainly for modelling of structural circumferential reinforcement in axi symmetric analysis The material is assigned to reinforcement by this condition The CCCircumferentialTruss has one node only For proper function of this condition it is necessary to set Mesh gt Mesh criteria gt Mesh gt Points to all Points which we want to use with this condition Look at the example Tutorial Static2D axisym gid to better understand this problem ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 15 Conditions Cnag Axi Rotational Reinforcement k ElementProtetype CCCircumferentialT russ Name CircReint Assign ma
81. le aggregate with low absorption is used such as gravel etc On the other hand the model accounts for heat generated due to the process of hydration The heat transport related part of the model employs linear material law The input dialog from Fig 8 13 has several data sheets The first one refers to actual material parameters whilst the remaining sheets are used to define initial material conditions and their variation in space Taking example of data page for humidity it enlists parameters Humidity CONST A const Humidity COEFFX h Humidity COEFFY h Humidity COEFFZ A The actual initial humidity in a material point is then computed as h h x h y h z h where x y z is vector of coordinates of the material const point The same approach is used for setting initial conditions for initial temperature and moisture Note that moisture and humidity conditions are mutually dependent Hence only one of these needs to be specified the others are calculated automatically SOUD Concrete A e TeK wa Basic Initial Temperature Initial Humidity Element Geometry Material Prototype CCModelBaadd Concrete Type 1 Ratio We 0 5 MN Cement Weight 0 66 ee m K Temp Ti 1 36 Seo cim sec C m J Temp Temp 2070000 4 m gt C Activate Function Initial Water State Humidity Fig 8 13 Bazant_Xi_1994 material model dialog ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 91 8 2 Other Settings Re
82. lement mesh in the transport and stress analyses During the import the program ATENA automatically determines the closes nodes and makes the necessary interpolation 5 The dialog in Fig 8 15 available by pressing G is used to define one or multiple execution type steps Meaning of the parameters 1s self explanatory and illustrated in Fig 8 16 but it should be noted that unlike in creep and shrinkage analysis described in the previous section of this document heat and transport analysis does not generate any internal sub steps All the steps have to be defined manually using the dialog below 92 Interval Data A OX A description of load condition interval This helps to identify this Use decimal point do not use comma interval in the ATENA input file IE W Interval Is Activ we Can be used to scale all the Load Name toad condition values forces Interval Multiplier 1 0 disnlacements EC Define Loading History This option can be used to Type of Definition Manual X generate several load steps with Before you will run analysis you Attention the same conditions elre te rhal ll g E MME Once ie ao E Indicates how often the results Basic Parameters W Generate Multiple Steps should be saved Than it is Number of Load Steps 1 possible to use them for post Store Data for this Interval Steps SAVE ALL aa kavi Aaa O ae Time increment which is to be specified for each generated Interval End Time
83. lied previously If a force is to be removed the force with the same value but opposite sign should be applied in the model The definition of Interval data starts by selecting the menu item Data Interval Data or the icon This command opens the dialog window as shown in Fig 5 75 which can be used to specify the parameters for an individual interval In this dialog it is for instance possible to define how many ATENA load steps should be generated with the same conditions and parameters or which scaling factor is to be applied to all conditions see Chapter 5 2 in the current interval An active Interval or a new Interval can be created using the menu Data Interval If it is necessary to create a new interval with the same conditions and properties as the current one the best approach is to open ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 59 the Interval data dialog using the menu item Data Interval Data or icon and then using the copy button The current interval can be change by icon o Gi GiD Atena Static 2D and 3D Interface Projec Files View Geometry Utilities Mesh Calculate Nats iat OO 3 a gt it Oe Probl e BD ow SoG Prvlemtype 2 e Conditions Materials a FAirTeriura tl eo F BEB BeBe ee E E a M a Problem Data gt GS f San Data units T g Interval fa n Interval Data s m Ea l LOX a Basic Parameters Solution Parameters Eigenvalue Analysis anaes ae Only active
84. lue Print Eigenvalues Vectors to output file L Ground Accelerogram Fig 9 2 Special dynamic Interval data properties ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 99 Interval Data Ola 2 Basic Parameters Dynamic Analysis Use decimal point do not use comma Dynamic Analysis Method Hughes Alpha Method eames These parameters are explained in Fig 9 1 Newmark Beta 0 2505 IE Defines mass matrix coefficient for proportional damping Im Newmark Gamma 0 5 Damping Mass Coefficient 1 789 a Damping Stiffness Coefficient 0 Defines stiffness matrix coefficient for proportional damping Fig 9 3 Special dynamic Interval data properties 9 1 Specific Dynamic Boundary Conditions Lumped mass for point Inertial mass concentrated in a single point Conditions JV ae Lumped Mass for Point Basic Application Coordinate System GLOBAL Dof X Value 0 0 kton Dof Value 0 0 kton Dof Z Value 0 0 kton Fig 9 4 Lumped mass for point 100 Velocity Prescribe constant velocity Typically used along with a load history defined in Interval Data Fig 9 2 Conditions lV aa E ic 2 Basic Application Vel Const X 0 0 Vel Const 0 0 Vel Const Z 0 0 Fig 9 5 Velocity for Acceleration Prescribe constant acceleration Typically used along with a load
85. mentitious2 Element Geometry 5 3 1 2 Concrete EC2 Concrete EC2 is the same material model as Cementitious2 5 3 1 1 but allows generating the material parameters based on Eurocode 2 Check Generate Material Select the concrete strength class e g 30 37 and the safety format e g mean and click the Update Changes icon Fig 5 35 The generated values are displayed in a window Fig 5 36 Pressing the Update Changes once more stores the generated material parameters The values can be checked and adjusted at the tabs Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous and Element Geometry which are identical to the Cementitious2 material and therefore not repeated here and the recommendations from section 5 3 1 1 1 also apply ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 31 SOUD Concrete Ea Concrete EC2 x Z iO X 2 EC2 Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Select checkbox and click update First select this check box changes button to generate the and then click the Update material Strength Class 30 37 button Z the top Safety Format Mean 5 All material parameters will be generated based on the provided strength value and the requested safety format Last Generation was Strength Class 12 15 Last Generation was Safety Format Design Exchange Assign Draw Unassign Fig 5 35 Concrete EC2 Generation parameters
86. ments If necessary element incidences are reordered such that Vaz 1 the internal shell element is Define Local Axis X Automatic perpendicular to the prescribe vector If DETECT VECTOR is not specified the depth is chosen to comply with the smallest dimension of the element Otherwise it is chosen to have the smallest angle with the given vector x x2 x3 Unassign Fig 5 48 Shell material properties Local Coordinate System SHELL Concrete Steel Number of layers in shell Shell Concrete Steel La Shell Concrete Steel macroelement Basic Local Coordinate System Base Reinfopeefnent 01 Reint Reference thickness used to transform normalized layer Crossection Layers Layer Count coordinates to real Layers 4 coordinates By default this Activate Ref Thick value is not specified and in ane this case actual shell Solid Ref Thick 0 3 m i thicknesses at integration Use Base Material Cementitious Concrete EC2 points are used instead This Read me Right_click for Cementitious2 input is particularly useful if a Cementitious2 User reinforcement layer is placed Cementitious SHCC at constant distance from the Cementitious3 shell bottom or top surface Reinforced Concrete whereby the shell real Microplane M4 thickness is variable SBETA Material Parameters of solid material Elastic 3D will be taken from Assign Draw a leh Exc
87. mple Manual 7 A minimum of 4 6 elements per thickness is recommended for at least qualitative results in bending Alternatively shell elements may be used see section 5 3 2 Another frequent example of a problematic mesh are elements with extreme aspect ratios in other words the ratio of element edge lengths longest to shortest edge of an element A maximum of 3 1 4 1 is recommended for volume elements and also for surface elements in 2D models or on membranes The higher the aspect ratio the worse the conditioning of the system matrix which can lead to numerical problems in the solver For shell elements it is no problem when the edges in the thickness direction are 70 much shorter than the others however for the ratio of the two other directions 1 e in plane the same condition as for normal volume elements should be fulfilled 1 e up to 3 4 1 5 7 2 Finite Elements for ATENA In each volume we must choose a type of finite element Following types can be used in ATENA in parenthesis we give also the number of nodes and a code name used in ATENA Table 3 Element library compatibility Linear and quadratic line element 2 nodes CCIsoTruss lt xx gt 3 nodes CCIsoTruss lt xxx gt Linear and quadratic triangular element 3 nodes CCIsoTriangle lt xxx gt 6 nodes CCIsoTriangle lt xxxxxx gt Linear and quadratic quadrilateral elements 4 nodes CCIsoQuad lt xxxx gt 8 nodes CCIsoQuad lt xxxxxxxx gt 9 nodes
88. n 1D Fig 5 60 1D Reinforcement material properties Element Geometry 5 3 5 1 Bond for Reinforcement If the geometry type BAR WITH BOND is selected a tab named Bar with Bond appears The settings Fixed START END BOTH NONE define where bond slip is blocked for example due to an anchor or symmetry condition The bar perimeter determines the steel concrete contact area and the function the bond slip maximum bond stress law Please note the stress corresponding to zero slip should be nonzero in most cases the maximum stress the bond can transfer before the reinforcement starts to slip See the Theory Manual 1 for details 50 1D Reinforcement Shox xja EC2 Basic Reinf Function Miscellaneous Element Geometry Bar With Bond Reinforcement EC Active Anchor Fixed START OG Bar Perimeter 6 285E 02 m W Function Bond Bond Slip 1 0 0 m 6 Bond Stress 1 4 1835 MPa Bond Slip 2 2 5000E 04 m Bond Stress 2 5 4927 MPa 53 Bond Slip 3 5 0000E 04 m a Bond Stress 3 7 9274E 00 MPa Bond Slip 4 1 0000E 03 m Bond Stress 4 1 0458E 01 MPa Bond Slip 5 3 0000E 05 m 0 Bond Stress 5 1 0458E 01 MPa Bond Slip 6 1 5000E 02 m Bond Stress 6 4 1833E 00 MPa Bond Slip 7 1 0 m Bond Stress 7 4 1833E 00 MPa Fig 5 61 1D Reinforcement material properties Bar with Bond 5 3 5 2 External Cable If the geometry type CABLE is selected the position of the active anchor 1 e where the pre stressing force i
89. nite elements By default the GiD program automatically detects lines which are not connected to any volume or surface and treats these lines as reinforcement This default behaviour can be controlled by the corresponding check box in Problem data dialog If this check box is deactivated it is necessary to manually assign these conditions to any line that should be modelled by embedded reinforcement elements it has to be assigned twice for nodes and for elements The lines which are not identified as reinforcement are treated as standard truss elements In this case the user is responsible to ensure that the mesh along each line is compatible with the rest of the model Problem Data PE Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step E Create Global Monitors Axi Symmetric Task Master Slave Distance 5 0E 4 Master Slave Distance Manual NameOfContacthla Distance m Solve LHS BCS OFF Trace OFF Extrapolation Nearest IP Show Surface Loads In Post Processor W Write Monitor Data W Automatic Reinforcement Identification Fig 5 20 Automatic reinforcement identification in the Problem Data dialog Initial Gap Load for Volume This load is used for gaps that are initially open See material Interface Section 5 3 6 18 Conditions et itat Sa tona orvoume O O O O a Special t
90. nly used when thermal load is applied SOUD Concrete Cementitious 7 gi ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Excentricity EXC 0 52 Dir of pl Flow BETA 0 0 ktor Rho Density 0 0023 m Thermal Expansion Alpha 0 000012 Assign Unassign Fig 5 33 Cementitious2 Miscellaneous The settings at the Element Geometry tab Fig 5 34 are related to the finite elements to be generated for the volumes or surface with the material assigned The Geometrical Non Linearity option decides if the nonlinear effects due to deformed geometry are considered in each iteration NONLINEAR or if the deformed shape from the end of the previous step is used LINEAR Idealisation has to be set corresponding to the type of the analysis 3 dimensional 2 dimensional plane stress or plane strain rotational symmetry If the Non Quadratic Element checkbox is selected linear elements are used for the finite elements with this material even if Quadratic elements are selected in the 30 GiD preferences This makes it possible to combine quadratic and linear finite elements in a single analysis for instance shells for a plate and linear bricks for a column SOUD Concrete Cementitious Z E X ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry ya Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR ha Idealisation 3D C Non Quadratic Element Unassign Exchange Fig 5 34 Ce
91. nly direction to care about Anyway with nonlinear materials you simply need to also consider geometrical nonlinearity The switch Linear Nonlinear geometry in ATENA only decides if it is considered during the step iterations nonlinear or only the deformed shape from the end of the previous step linear It 1s necessary to assign to the surface or line with this material to set special mesh setting Menu gt Mesh gt Mesh criteria gt Mesh gt line or surface 5 3 8 The Material Function This material 1s used to easy define user function for some type of loading or material properties You can easy import it from another GiD project There are two ways how to define the function The first method USER can be used to define x and y values in a tabular form with appropriate multipliers The second way is to import x and y values from a file In this case the name of the file is to be specified If the file does not exist GiD will create a example file with same name which can be edited This example file provides the information about the necessary file format Functions FunctionQO1 This material is only for writing user function to the input file Please dont assign it to the model Material Prototype CCMultiLinearFunction Type of input USER Function x Y Multiplier X 1 0 Multiplier Y 1 0 Ie Fig 5 72 Function material dialog 58 5 3 9 Material from file This ma
92. nu The problem types are available under the GiD menu Data Problem type If the ATENA problem types are not shown there most likely you have installed a new GiD version after ATENA has been installed or have multiple GiD versions installed and have installed the ATENA GiD scripts into another one than you are using To fix the issue you can re run the ATENA setup and select the ATENA GiD interface to be installed for the GiD version you wish to work with 4 1 Manual Installation of the ATENA GiD Scripts Alternatively the ATENA GiD interface can be also installed manually as it is described in the following paragraphs 1 Download the ATENA GiD version corresponding to your ATENA version from the Downloads section of www cervenka cz and unpack the archive to your hard disk l a You can also find the scripts in the installation directory of another GiD version e g If you have just installed a new GiD version and were using ATENA with an older GiD version previously 2 Copy the Atena directory tree into the Problem types directory of the GiD version you like to use with ATENA On most computers the GiD is installed in the directory C Program Files GiD GiDx x e g if you use GiD 10 0 9 copy the Atena tree into C Program Files GiD GiD10 0 9 problemtypes Atena 3 Start GiD and check if the new problem types appear in the GiD menu In order to be able to directly launch ATENA analysis and ATENA post processing directly from GiD
93. o called the base material model The input data in GiD reflect this structure The user has to specify two sets of parameters one for the creep prediction model one for the base material model and each such a set is assigned a dedicated date sheet The actual data input dialog is invoked by pressing the icon or via menu Data Materials Creep and it is shown in Fig 7 2 80 SOUD Creep Concrete A elox wa Creep Material B3 Laboratory Base Material Element Geometry Model B3 Material Prototype CCModelBs A Normal ACI type I Fast ACI type HI Concrete Type ACl Normal Thickness 0 0767 m Effective thickness volume surface area Humidity 0 780 Total aggregate cement weight ratio Wm ensity m Water cement weight ratio AC 7 04 7 Cross section shape factor slab 1 WC 0 63 cylinder 1 15 square prism 1 25 sphere 1 3 cube 1 55 Shape Factor square prism Curing AIR Curing conditions it can be either in zooor A day water 1 e WATER or air under normal temperature 1 e AIR or steamed curing i e STEAM Assign Draw Unassig r Tae OOT Time at beginning of drying i e end of curing Fig 7 2 Material input dialog The combo box at the top of the dialog specifies a type of material model to be used and it follows a number of related input parameters It is beyond the scope of this document to provide their description For more
94. o the group of isoparametric elements with Gauss integration along its axis and trapezoidal Newton Cotes quadrature within the cross section The integration or material points are placed in a way similar to the layered concept applied to shell elements however the layers are located in both s f directions Beam material can be used only on 3D quadratic brick elements 5 7 2 24 1D Reinforcement kes Reinforcement EC2 CCReinforcement Material is like Reinforcement You can generate material properties according the EC2 Reinforcement CCReinforcement Material for discrete reinforcement bars and cables 5 3 5 Reinforcement CCReinforcementWithTempDepP This model is to be used to simulate change of material properties due to current temperature The temperature fields can be imported from a previously performed thermal analysis Reinforcement CC1DElastIsotropic One dimension elastic material only supported for backward compatibility since ATENA 4 3 0 Reinforcement CCCyclingReinforcement Material for cyclic reinforcement Interface CC2Dlinterface CC3DInterface Interface GAP material for 2D and 3D analysis Please see section 5 3 6 for description and important advice how to create contact elements Spring Material CCSpringMaterial Material for spring type boundary condition elements i e for truss element modeling a spring The following table summarizes which material types are available
95. odel preparation is the same as for the other problem types It 1s necessary to assign Conditions 5 2 for each macroelement assign material properties 5 3 define the interval data Fig 5 75 Fig 5 78 Fig 6 1 and problem type properties Fig 5 85 meshing model 5 7 and execute the analysis Problem Data _ a a Global Settings Global Options Time and Dynamic Restart Calculatier Time step beginning Current Transient Time 0 0 di Set the final time of the analvsis Last Time 35 SEC E Dynamic analysis method Dynamic Analysis Method Hughes Alpha Method Sa to be used Defines the Newmark s B Hughes Alpha 0 05 Newmark Beta 0 2505 Newmark Gamma 0 5 parameter and the Hughes a parameter the Newmark s y damping parameter OLELLELLLLLLLLELLLELLLLLLLLLLLLL aS Fig 9 1 Special dynamic Problem data properties This sheet is invoked by pressing the icon F The next dialog available by pressing LD is used to define method and parameters for dynamic analysis The remaining input data and corresponding data dialogs Fig 9 2 Fig 9 3 are similar to their form in other types of ATENA GiD analysis They were already described earlier in this document see Sections 5 4 and 5 8 The natural frequencies of the structure and the corresponding shapes can be calculated in both dynamic and static analysis Check the box Calculate Eigenvalues Vectors at the Basic Paramete
96. odel within GiD including specific data needed for ATENA analysis ATENA Studio 5 can be launched directly from GiD and the non linear analysis can be performed Visualization of ATENA results is also possible in GiD but it can be done also in the Pre Post processor of ATENA 3D 3 which is a powerful ATENA postprocessor However this option is available only if ATENA Engineering is installed on your computer The recommended post processing environment is ATENA Studio 5 The problem types with the label ATENA can be used with ATENA version newer than 5 0 0 These problem types support ATENA analysis with two and three dimensional models including axi symmetrical models In addition it is possible to perform stress creep thermal i e transport and dynamic analyses A demo version of GiD is limited to 3000 elements or 1010 nodes It can be downloaded free of charge from http www gidhome com or from our web pages www cervenka cz This document describes the way how GiD can be used to generate data for ATENA analysis The emphasis is on ATENA oriented commands More details about the general use of GiD for the development of the geometric model can be found in the GiD documentation ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 1 2 OVERVIEW 2 1 Working with GiD The procedure of data preparation for ATENA analysis with the help of GiD can be summarized in the following work sequence e Select one of the problem types for ATENA
97. on from the closest integration noint Show Surface Loads In Post Processor rl s a a a A iW Write Monitor Data When active the element surface loads are shown in the post W Automatic Reinforcessent Identification Processor When deactivated less memory is used 1D entities not connected to any surface or volume will be automatically treated as reinforcement see page 7 Fig 5 84 Global Options in problem data dialog Problem Data A 2 2 Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step L Import Transport Results aa Apply in Interval Data This option is used when it is requested to TIME UNIT IN TRANSPORT sec exchange data with a transport analysis The location and names of the appropriate files can be specified here Fig 5 85 Problem data Solution parameters Problem Data wa Global Settings Solution Parameters Global Options Transport Restart Calculation from Calculated Step Stored Step For Restart 0 This option is used when it is requested to restart calculation from previous calculated steps Delete old results at analysis start Ask hd Fig 5 86 Restart calculation options in problem data dialog 68 5 6 Units Standard units in ATENA are SI units which are active automatically as a default unit set Fig 5 87 It is also possible to define other sets of units This can be done in the menu Data Data unit
98. ple the sheet Creep Material serves for input data for creep prediction model and whe it resembles the dialog called by pressing The sheet Concrete Material includes input data for short term model for concrete similar to that invoked by we etc The individual smeared reinforcement components will appear under the label Concrete Although there may be a few more differences between analyses with and without creep and shrinkage it is believed that most important ones have already been covered in this section The rest should be self explanatory and possible to being used without any further explanation 82 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 83 8 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS MOISTURE AND HEAT Although heat and moisture analysis can be executed as a standalone analysis in the ATENA GiD framework it is usually the first part of a static or creep shrinkage analysis Its goal is to calculate moisture and temperature conditions in the structure As a result we get histories of temperature and moisture variation at each material point of the structure and these data are later used by a stress analysis or creep material model to better predict stress strain relationships with the effects of temperature creep and shrinkage Main use of moisture and heat transport analysis is to calculate temperature increments inside a structure These increments are later used in the calculation of element thermal expansion and associated initial stra
99. r the closest concrete class or compressive strength and only then adjust the parameters for which better data are available If you generate values for very different class and then change many values significantly it can easily happen that you end up with an inconsistent set and as a result some numerical issues and or problematic results may appear SOLID Concrete S ox wa ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Select checkbox and T ee changes button to generate the First select this check box material and then click the Update Strength Type Cylinder wy Strength Value 30 button at the top Safety Format Design All material parameters will be generated based on the provided strength value and the requested safety format Assign Draw Unassign Exchange Cementitious Last Generation was Strength Type Cylinder Last Generation was Strength Value 30 Last Generation was Safety Format Design Fig 5 28 Cementitious2 Model Code ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 27 Warning Maternal parameters for strength type Cylinder value 30 and Safety Format Design foung_s Modulus E 33550 bMPa Poizton_s Ratio 0 2 Tension Strangth FT 1 35MPa LCompresion_ Strength FL 20M Fa Fracture Energy GF 0 0001 25M Nm Critical Comp Diep O 0 0005rn Plastic _Strain EPS CP 0 0015 Onset of Crushing FCU 2 84M Pa
100. ration 1 e rate of hydration heat and moisture consumption during concrete hydration For more details about these materials see Theory manual 1 section Transport Analysis Initial Temperature Initial Humidity Element Geometry Temperature Const 25 0 C Humidity Const 0 9728 Geometrical Non Linearity LINEAR z Temperature Coeff X 0 0 oio IE ka Idealisation 3D Humidity Coeff Y 0 0 Humidity Coeff Z 0 0 Temperature Coeff Y 0 0 Temperature Coeff Z 0 0 Define Local X Direction Automatic Fig 8 2 Transport Material Initial Temperature and Humidity Dialog SOUD Concrete CCTransportMaterial ake Bk k wj Basic Temperature Moisture Initial Temperature Initial Humidity Element ch gt CCTransportMaterial h Activate Temperature Activate Concrete Model CERHYD Activate Concrete Model CERHYD iT HELP si Fig 8 3 Transport Material Activate Options For detailed information about all these parameters please see the ATENA Theoretical manual 7 3 Material constitutive model 1 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 85 SOUD Concrete CCTransportMaterial slolxl k 2 Basic Temperature Temperature Advanced Moisture Initial Temperature Initial Humidity Element Geometry l K TEMP TEMP 2 1 Unassign Exchange Fig 8 4 Transport Material Temperature CCTransportMaterial EA Es X wj Basic Temperature Temperature Adwanced
101. rocess is activated by starting GiD and proceeding to the menu Help Register Please understand GiD needs to be run with Admin rights Run as Administrator once to allow storing the registration information for next sessions It should also be noted that there are two possibilities how to operate the GiD program Normally the GiD password is specific to a certain PC configuration In this case the full version of GiD can be operated only on this computer Alternatively it is possible to license GiD to a portable USB memory flash disk please note the HASP USB key for ATENA is NOT a memory flash disk Then it is possible to operate GiD on every computer to which this registered flash disk 1s attached The license price for USB protection is slightly different than the one for PC protection so it is important to choose this option during the program purchase If the USB protection is desired it is necessary to attach the USB flash disk to the computer Then the item Help Register should be selected If a supported flash disk is attached to the computer the following dialog appears in which the proper choice of the protection mechanism is to be selected Please make sure that the correct choice 1s made here It 1s difficult to change the protection method in the future sysinto selection Select one of the following zysinfos to register the program Type Name Sysinfo Local machine jita 2406538T1 cb99cc Corsair VoyagerGT Rew 3000 us
102. rresponds to c cycles Simplified evaluation using Fatigue Cycles to Failure Another even simpler option to evaluate the number of fatigue cycles is to simply take the minimum value of FATIGUE CYCLES TO FAILURE That can be done at the end of Interval 2 and Interval 3 is not needed to be defined at all 5 4 1 1 3 High cycle fatigue including the effects of redistribution To consider the effects of load redistribution during the cycles it is needed to unload and reload multiple times One could see it as always modelling a group of cycles then one cycle explicitly to capture the redistribution then the next group of cycles etc Due to the exponential character of the process it 1s efficient to combine the cycles into groups of exponentially growing numbers of cycles e g 10 20 40 80 160 320 640 1280 2560 5120 etc Intervals 1 2 3 are defined the same way as above 5 4 1 1 2 just the number of cycles applied corresponds to the first group of cycles and not the expected maximum e g 10 The next is unloading to the base level followed by another fatigue calculation similar to Int2 and another damage application like in Int 3 64 Int Loading up to the base cycle bottom level Fatigue Interval NO Int2 Increasing the load from the base level to the upper cycle top level Fatigue Interval RESET AND CALCULATE Number of Fatigue Cycles number of cycles in the first cycle group c
103. rresponds to zero increment of external forces The conditions can be assigned to four kinds of geometrical objects geometric points finite element nodes lines finite element edges surfaces and volumes finite elements The object dimension is selected by choosing one of the buttons ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 9 fo NB For each geometric entity an appropriate list of possible conditions can be unfolded and a required type of condition can be selected An example of the point condition is shown in Fig 5 2 For each condition the appropriate parameters can be defined as shown in Fig 5 2 right Conditions x Conditions oS oS Data Constraint for Point B K rj Constraint for Point K ara ae Basic R Load Force for Point Conditions Displacement for Point Coordinate System GLOBAL r Spring for Point ee i Materials j Monitor for Poi X Constraint pl Z Constraint Interval Data Fixed Contact for Point Axi Rotational Reinforcement Problem Data aaa Data units a Entities Draw Unassign Interval Local axes d Fi g 5 2 Conditions menu list at Point applied at Point At the bottom of the conditions dialog the following buttons are available Assign The target of assignment command depends on the condition type In case the geometry i
104. rs tab and the Eigenvalue Parameters tab appears It is identical to static analysis see Fig 6 1 98 Interval Data n g r 4 Basic Parameters Dynamic Analysis A description of load condition f interval This helps to identify Use decimal point do not use comma this interval in the ATENA input Press acce pt to save cha NES Attention before starting analysis 1 Can be used to scale all the Interval Is Active condition values forces Load Name Load displacements Interval Multiplier for Fixed 1 0 P If selected a new set of solution parameters can be specified for this and any subsequent 7 intervals Interval Multiplier for Increment 1 0 C Define Loading History Type of Definition Generate Multiple Steps ee This option can be used to Number of Load Steps 1 generate several load steps with Store Data for this Interval Steps SAVE ALL N the same conditions JEC Indicates how often the results should be saved Than it is possible to use them for post Increment Transient Time 2 processing Interval Starting Time 0 0 Interval End Time 1 Integration Time Increment 1 Interval starting time C User Solution Parameters interval end time Calculate Eigenvalues Vectors Time increment which is to be specified for each generated step In case of multiple steps generation each step time Delete BC Data After Calculation increment will be assigned this L Activate Interface Openning va
105. s where in the dialog window data units you can change the Base system The Model Unit always has to be selected consistently with the Units System Mesh Calculate Problem type P Conditions Materials Interval Data Problern Data d L m rT Lo Interval d Local axes dataunits Model Unit m Units System Base System JATENA SI MN_AND_N LENGTH m FORCE PLEASE SWITCH _THE_LENGTH_UNIT_ABOVE TO meters STRESS TIME sec FREQUENCY UNIT_TEMPERATURE C MASS Accept Cancel Fig 5 87 Data units default set In general the structural analysis is independent of units and can be performed in any units The units of results are the same as those of input In case of other units it should be realized that the numerical values of material parameters may change Consequently the default material parameters in SI units offered in GiD cannot be used and must be modified as it is necessary for the selected set of units ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 69 dataunits Model Unit m Units System Base System JATENA SI MN_AND_M SA SS LENGTH m FORCE MN ATENA SI KN_AND_M meters STRESS MPa BRE FREQUENCY Hz EMFERATURE L MASS kton Accept Cancel Fig 5 88 Definition of units and possible set of alternative units 5 7 Finite Element Mesh The generation of a finite element mesh in GiD is done from the menu Meshing Please refer to GiD documentation for
106. s applied and deviator parameters can be defined on the Cable tab friction coefficient cohesion radius Friction between the bar and the concrete Cohesion between the bar and the concrete 1 e the max stress in case of zero friction component force unit distance unit Radius the radius of deviators distance units ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 51 1D Reinforcement A Reinforcement EC EC 2 Basic Reinf Function Miscellaneous Element Geometry able Active Anchor Fixed START re l MN Cohesion 0 1 m Radius 0 1 m Fig 5 62 1D Reinforcement material properties Cable 5 3 6 Interface Material The interface material also called GAP has been developed to model behaviour of contacts between volumes e g concrete steel or thin layers of e g mortar This material should only be assigned to contact volumes in 3D or contact surfaces in 2D Please do not forget to choose the Material Prototype according to problem dimension CC3DInterface or CC2DInterface at the Basic tab Interface Basic Miscellaneous l Element Geometry l Material Prototype CCsSDInterface Normal Stiffness EK NN 2 000E 08 Tangential Stiffmess K TT 2 000E 08 Cohesion 1 0 Friction Coeficient 0 1 n EO Te If zero interface behaves like a no ension element and full contact in How to propeply create an mpression is a m interface see ATENA Science a a ed manual chapter Creating Contact Sur
107. s displayed then geometrical objects point line surface can be selected and condition can be assigned to these entities In case the finite element mesh is displayed the condition can be assigned to elements or nodes If you don t know what should be selected look at command line There is always a hint what kind of action is required from the user Enter Points with new values Added 11 new points to the selection Enter more points ESC to leave Command Fig 5 3 Hints at the Command Line at the bottom of GID Window Entities Shows a list of entities with assigned conditions Draw Display of assigned conditions There are various visualization modes possible in this command You can draw all defined conditions or only one If you use the option draw colors the entities with this condition are colored and a legend with applied values is shown Unassign Reverse operation It cancels existing assignment of the selected condition type for selected or all entities If it is necessary to modify the parameters of certain already assigned condition it has to be first unassigned and created again with the new parameters There are certain conditions in the following paragraphs which are strongly ATENA specific Constraint This is a boundary condition for modeling supports and can be defined for point line and surface The simplest way how to set the condition is to choose the global coordinate system and selec
108. se comma 3 Condition Spring for Surface is not supported any more USE decimal point DO NOT comma Please assign Spring Material to the surface instead Condition Spring for Surface is not supported any more Please assign Spring Material to the surface instead Material Prototype CCSpringMaterial Coordinate System NORMAL OF SURFAC Material Prototype CCSpringMaterial Coordinate System GLOBAL z Initial stiffmess K 37000 0 MPa Spring Non Linearity LINEAR X Initial stiffness K 37000 0 MPa Dir X 0 0 Spring Non Linearity LINEAR x Dir Y 1 0 Spring Length 1 0 m Dir Z 0 0 Spring Length 1 0 Assign Entities Draw Unassign Assign Entities Unassign Fig 5 8 Conditions Spring for For instance in order to define a surface spring with 5kN m pressure at 15mm displacement l set the spring length to 1m then 15mm displacement corresponds to relative displacement elongation shortening 0 015 m 2 set the spring material stiffness to 0 005 MN 0 015 0 3333333 MPa o Ex Monitors It is a special condition that is neither a boundary condition nor a loading but it makes it possible to record certain quantities during the analysis such as load displacement diagrams It is therefore reasonable to include their definition only in the first Interval data see Chapter 5 4 The monitors defined in the intervals other than the first one are ignored It is also possible to enter the globa
109. shell side surfaces which are attached to volume elements It is not needed where the shell top or bottom surfaces are connected to volume elements For the Iso shell elements this condition is not needed at all and should not be applied Conditions Shell Solid Contact A Normally shell elements are restricted to deform in the out of plane direction This might cause problems when they are connected to normal 3D solid elements The neighbouring solid elements will inherit this condition which will incorrectly restrain their deformation In this case the surface where the shell elements are connected to normal 3D solid elements should be assigned this condition It will allow the shell elements to deform in their out of plane direction See ATENA GID manual section 5 3 1 1 Shell Solid Contact condition This condition does NOT connect the shells to the solids Use the Fixed Contact for Surface condition or a compatible mesh surface shared by the 2 volumes to make the connection SurfaceNameldentification VWallShellinter Entities Unassign Fig 5 52 Shell Solid Contact condition for Anmad elements 5 3 3 Beam Material The fibre beam elements in ATENA are similar to shells just using a similar simplification special integration in 2 directions beam height and width instead of just one plate thickness The basic settings like activating smeared reinforcement Fig 5 53 and defining the local coordinate system F
110. sstessecsaceeacosssensasssensaconesessassoecnecsssesvneesecsssdesesossenseecsecesss 112 11 1 Export IXT for ATENA 3D Pre proceSSof seeseesssesseessesseeseesseesseessesseessesseeseoneesseeseeoseeseee 112 12 EXAMPLE DATA FILES iesssccssesscsednassescanucssasseuessasaansssatsensssassenssscssaussesdesessevsseussessssussaes 114 13 CALCULATION OF ATENA IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS sseeessseeecssseecsoscecsssceesosceessoseeosoo 116 REFERENCES cisarina OE 118 1 INTRODUCTION Program GiD can be used for the preparation of input data for ATENA analysis The program GiD is a universal adaptive and user friendly graphical user interface for geometrical modelling and data input for all types of numerical simulation programs It has been developed at CIMNE The International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering http www cimne upc es in Barcelona Spain When using GiD for some graphic cards it may be necessary to switch off graphical acceleration Several scripts are created which enables to interface GiD with ATENA Selecting an appropriate problem type in the GiD environment activates these scripts Problem types are compatible with GiD ver 7 7 2b and newer version 10 or 11 is recommended e ATENA Static static 2D and 3D analysis e ATENA Creep creep 2D and 3D analysis e ATENA Transport transport 2D and 3D analysis e ATENA Dynamic dynamic 2D and 3D analysis These problem types make it possible to define a finite element m
111. t R lacey eee corset EREE taser ise connate NNT 75 GO STATIC ANALYSIS sscscsnesseccacisbeccoscusecsessusacscasusectsesusondcacusecdsesscondcnendoctsacnsonesnesdeseeneecesees 76 7 CREEP ANALYSIS AND SHRINKAGE ssccscssscssccscccsscessccsecsncesscesecesccssccsscasscesccsscesncesossse 78 7 1 Boundary Conditions and Load Cases Related Input ss sssesssesseesseesseessesssessseesserss 79 7 2 Specific Creep Bo ndary CONTITIONS S essueniesceteranciisiinien e 80 73 AVRO aN POUT Dal aiseee nE REE 80 8 TRANSPORT ANALYSIS MOISTURE AND HEAT sseesssssececossseccossosccccososccecosossceeossssceeessose 84 8 1 Material Input Dal Tanne TEE E TO 84 Sel Matena CCIrans pOr CERAY D nri E T A 84 8 1 2 Material Bazant_Xi_1994 only included for backward compatibility of old PUVA CIS a E A sacs te aeeecess seen cei aces aeaeetetemeaeaeaencat 91 8 2 Other Settings Related to Transport AnalySiS ssessseesseesseesseesseessessseesseesseesseesseesseess 92 8 3 Specific Transport Boundary ConditionS sssessseesssessssesssesssseesseessseessseesseossseesseesssees 95 D DYNAMIC ANALYSIS scncssevccisssesccnassenscssssecsebustensasenondensatossiaceseudtscndossisansousescndoneasessesees 98 9 1 Specific Dynamic Boundary Conditions es ssssessssesssessssessseesssessseeossessseeossersserssseessss 100 10 POST PROCESSING IN ATENA GID cccccccccscsccccccccccsccccccccccsccccccccccsccccccccccsscssesees 104 11 USEFUL TIPSAND RICKS sssscc
112. t directions to be fixed The inclined coordinate system enables rotated support conditions Conditions Conditions Envan Oi Constraint for Point PONSIANO PONR Basi Basic Inclined Support Basic Slave dof 1 Coordinate System GLOBAL a X Constraint Multiplier for Dof 2 f2 0 0 Constraint Multiplier for Dof 3 3 0 0 Constraint U nassig n Fig 5 4 Conditions Constraint for Good to know If you use two conditions of one type for surfaces e g support in X and support in Y direction at the edge where they meet only one of them is applied Therefore it is necessary to correct the condition manually by defining the corresponding condition also for the line in between e g assigning both X and Y supports to the edge shared by the 2 surfaces see figure below Fig 5 5 Similarly condition for point needs to be applied to each point where different conditions for the line of the same type are intersecting Fig 5 5 Proper Support Assignment at the Edge of Two Surfaces Load force Loading conditions can be prescribed for point line and surface When entering the force magnitudes for each component it is possible to select suitable units When the ATENA input file 1s created the load values will be converted to the default unit type see the menu Data Data units The value can be entered in several types of units If the units are changed the value is recalculated Load force for point can be
113. t the elements only applies specific handling to the shell Please see section 5 3 2 1 for details ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 17 Conditions gt Me Shell Solid Contact PE Normally shell elements are restricted to deform in the out of plane direction This might cause problems when they are connected to normal 3D solid elements The neighbouring solid elements will inherit this condition which will incorrectly restrain their deformation In this case the surface where the shell elements are connected to normal 3D solid elements should be assigned this condition It will allow the shell elements to deform in their out of plane direction See ATENA GID manual section 5 3 1 1 Shell Solid Contact condition This condition does NOT connect the shells to the solids Use the Fixed Contact for Surface condition or a compatible mesh surface shared by the 2 volumes to make the connection SurnfaceNameldentification VWallShelllnter Assign Entities Unassign Fig 5 19 Conditions Shell Solid Contact for Surface Reinforcement Nodes Elems identification condition for line This condition is used to identify that certain line entities should be treated as ATENA discrete reinforcement bars The truss elements which will be generated along these entities will be embedded into the ATENA model as discrete reinforcement bars This means that they will be further subdivided depending on their intersections with the solid fi
114. terial ReinforcermentEC2 Fig 5 14 Conditions Axi Rotational Reinforcement Weight The weight can be defined for reinforcement line 2D elements surface and volume Typically is used to consider dead weight load because the dead load is not analysed automatically in ATENA Conditions ag m Weight for 2DElem Surface K ri This condition is only for 2D elements USE decimal point DO NOT use comma Direction for BODY LOAD Z Body Force Value 0 025 Entities Unassign Fig 5 15 Conditions Weight for Temperature This condition applies a temperature increment This way only a simple constant temperature or a linear gradient over the line surface volume can be applied as a load in static analysis For more complex temperature fields use the Transport analysis module see Chapter 8 Conditions JON aE Temperature for 2DElem Surface K Constant This condition is only for 2D elements USE decimal point DO NOT use comma Space function CONSTAN dT 0 0 C Entities Fig 5 16 Conditions Temperature for Initial Strain This condition is used to apply pre stressing or shrinkage In both cases negative strain values are to be assigned In the case of pre stressing the required value of prescribed initial strain can be calculated from the applied pre stress o and the elastic modulus of the 16 o reinforcement as amp Vf You may need to correct
115. terial is used to easy define user material You just write the name of file which contains the definition of material If the file does not exist GiD will create a example file with same name which can be edited This example file provides the information about the necessary file format Material from file Basic Element Geometry Material Prototype CCFromFile File to input matLlOO1Linp Assign D Unassign Exchange Fig 5 73 Material from file dialog 5 4 Interval Data Loading History GiD recognizes Intervals which approximately correspond to Load steps in ATENA The Interval data concept of GiD is used to define the loading history of the ATENA analysis The load step data include the definition of loading boundary conditions and solution methods to be used for a single analysis step It should be noted that all conditions that are created using the command Data Conditions see Chapter 5 2 are automatically inserted into the currently active interval By default it is the interval number 1 Each GiD Interval data can be used to generate multiple ATENA load steps This simplifies the model preparation if it is necessary to create many ATENA load steps with the same boundary and loading conditions The user should be aware of the fact that all ATENA loads or boundary conditions are treated in a purely incremental fashion This means that a force which is applied at certain load step is added to the forces app
116. the following environmental variables are to be defined on your computer 32bit SET AtenaWin programfiles CervenkaConsulting A tena V 5 AtenaWin exe SET AtenaConsole programfiles CervenkaConsulting Atena V 5 AtenaConsole exe SET AtenaStudio programfiles CervenkaConsulting Atena V 5 AtenaStudio exe SET AtenaResults2G1D oprogramfiles CervenkaConsulting AtenaV5 A2G exe 64bit ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 7 SET AtenaWin64 oprogramfiles CervenkaConsulting AtenaV5x64 AtenaWin64 exe SET AtenaConsole64 oprogramfiles CervenkaConsulting AtenaV5x64 AtenaConsole64 exe SET AtenaStudi064 oprogramfiles CervenkaConsulting AtenaV5x64 AtenaStudio exe Where the path should point to the appropriate location where the programs are installed 5 ATENA SPECIFIC COMMANDS 5 1 Problem Type The program GiD is a general purpose pre and post processing tool for variety of numerical problems and analysis software In this menu it 1s possible to define a problem type which in our case is ATENA analysis This is done by selecting for example the menu item Data Problem type Atena Static as shown in Fig 5 1 By this command GiD is configured to create data for analyses which are compatible with ATENA input format units materials conditions etc The data resulting from the GiD modelling will be later transferred to ATENA via an input file usually called name inp Gi GiD Atena Static 2D and 3
117. the last step The calculated damage IS stored in FATIGUE CYCLES TO FAILURE and FATIGUE MAX FRACT STRAIN The option APPLY sets FATIGUE TASK to 8 apply the fatigue damage and FATIGUE MAX FRACT STRAIN MULT to 1 num of steps in the interval Simply said the previously FATIGUE MAX FRACT STRAIN is added to the MAX FRACTURING STRAIN Note that all these settings only have influence when the base material prototype CC3DNonLinCementitious2Fatigue described in section 5 3 1 3 is selected for at least one of the concrete materials assigned in the model Please see the ATENA Theory Manual 1 and ATENA Input Manual 4 for more details on the fatigue model implemented in ATENA Also the articles referred form the fatigue material section in ATENA Theory can be recommended 5 4 1 1 How to consider Fatigue in ATENA For materials e g reinforcement bond or situations e g concrete 1n compression with no explicit fatigue modeling support in ATENA you can evaluate the fatigue life outside of ATENA e g in a spreadsheet based on the classical S N W hler curves ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 63 or another approach using the cyclic stress range or strain range or whatever from the ATENA analysis For the supported materials and situations see below 5 4 1 1 1 Low cycle fatigue For low cycle fatigue when all the load cycles are explicitly applied 1 e every loading and unloading is applied to the model let the option
118. tion of the additional input commands that are specific for creep and shrinkage and we will not repeat what is already written in the previous sections of this document for static analysis without creep Clearly the main difference between usual static and creep analysis is that the latter one carries out analysis integration of structural response in time Hence all definitions of the analysis s steps boundary conditions loads etc need additional information about time conditions Time factor appears also in the constitutive equations 1 e material models This is done by implementing models for prediction of creep and shrinkage behaviour of concrete Such models are published in codes of practice for civil engineers and of course a few reputable models exist in scientific literature too For more information about implemented models please have a look at the theoretical manual for ATENA 1 There is one more thing worth mentioning here In order to compute the structural response at a specific time the whole history of the structure has to be analysed It involves time integration of structural behaviour which is done in numerical manner Practically it means that although the structure is typically loaded only in a few steps in order to ensure sufficient accuracy of the analysis each step is further subdivided by the ATENA kernel into several sub steps This process of step splitting is generated automatically bearing in mind
119. tor g E Distance 0 033 m A r Reinf 0L Area 0 000201061 m Reinf 01 Young s Modulus E 2 0E 5 MPa fg Reinf 01 Dir X of the smeared reinf 1 t Reinf 01 Dir Y of the smeared reinf 0 ee Reinf 01 Dir Z of the smeared reinf 0 Reinf 01 Yield Strength YS 550 MPa i Reinf 01 Number of Multilinear 3 0 values E Reinf 01 eps2 0 025 Reinf 01 f2 578 MPa Reinf 01 eps3 0 Reinf 01 eps4 0 Reinf 01 f4 0 MPa Reinf 01 eps5 0 Reinf 01 f5 0 MPa kton Reinf 01 Rho Density 0 00785 E Reinf 01 Thermal Expansion Alpha 0 000012 Fig 5 51 Shell material properties Reinforcement detail 5 3 2 1 Shell Solid Contact condition The Ahmad shell elements are restricted to deform in the out of plane direction fixed thickness This might cause problems when they are connected to normal 3D solid elements The neighboring solid elements will inherit this condition which will incorrectly restrain their deformation In this case the surface where the shell elements are connected to normal 3D solid elements should be assigned the Shell Solid Contact condition The condition s name has to be copied into the Selection Name box under Allow Shell Deformation in Z on the Element Geometry tab of the corresponding ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 41 Shell Material definition This condition identifies shell solid interfaces and allows the shell elements to deform in their out of plane direction It is recommended to apply this condition to all
120. ume elements a single shell per volume thickness works well in bending In other words placing 2 or more shell elements above each other above refers to the shell thickness direction is not a good idea Instead use a single shell per thickness with more internal layers to improve precision With Ahmad shell elements the best connection at edges is to cut both at 45 degrees or a different corresponding angle if the thicknesses are not the same or if connected at other than right angle see Fig 5 45 a Another option is to use a volume brick element at the corner 1 e not using compatible meshes see also 5 3 6 1 which is the only feasible way when more than two shells are connected see Fig 5 45 b The Shell Solid Contact condition see 5 3 2 1 has to be assigned on the shell surface connected to the volume element for correct behaviour Connecting like in Fig 5 46 is not recommended as the master slave relations induced by the fixed thickness of the shell may cause numerical problems With the Iso shell elements which can also deform in the local Z direction the easiest and recommended way of connecting is the one from Fig 5 46 However connections from Fig 5 45 can also be used Shell1 Brick Shell2 Shell3 a b Fig 5 45 Shell recommended connection a 2 shells b 3 shells ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 37 Fig 5 46 Shell recommended connection for Iso not recommended
121. using the modified compression field theory by Collins The input parameter represents the maximal size of aggregates used in the concrete material Shear factor that is used for the calculation of cracking shear stiffness It is calculated as a multiple of the corresponding minimal normal crack stiffness that is based on the tensile softening law Unloading factor which controls crack closure stiffness The advanced parameters influencing the compressive response are defined at the Compressive tab Fig 5 32 Plastic Strain at peak load eps_cp Onset of Crushing Fc0 linearity limit Critical Compressive Displacement wd and the relative limit for reduction of compressive strength due to cracking Fc Reduction ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 29 SOUD Concrete Cementitious2 v Z ModelCode Basic Tensile Compressive Miscellaneous Element Geometry Plastic Strain EPS CP 0 0015 Onset of Crushing FCO 2 84 Critical Comp Disp WD 0 0005 Fe Reduction 0 8 Unassign Fig 5 32 Cementitious2 Compressive The Miscellaneous tab Fig 5 33 contains two additional plasticity related parameters the Eccentricity Exc defining the shape of the failure surface and the Direction of Plastic Flow Beta determining volume compaction Beta lt 0 or expansion Beta gt 0 during crushing i e plasticisation and two general parameters Density Rho only used in dynamic analysis and the coefficient of Thermal Expansion Alpha o
122. we 7 4 1 Manual Installation of the ATENA GID Scripts seeesseseceseeessesseessesseessesueesseessesseeseesseesee 7 5 ATENA SPECIFIC COMMANDG cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccoes 9 5 1 Problem Type crenn n EOE TO TOO 9 5 2 CONIUGA E EAA E ANETT 9 5 3 AYA Fe ESAE PAAA ATIO EA EAEAN AAE AAE A S EA 21 5 3 1 Solid Concrete Mateli l seunroccureniinnre eki ii E EN 26 SS SELMA d aaa a a A 36 533 Beann Matera onise EAE OEE OOI AEE AE AN E 42 534 Renlced Concrete ane a ea 45 5 3 5 1D Reinforcement MAteridl cccccceccsecsssccssccssccsssssccssccssccssscsscssscsssccssccesssscssscsesceescenses 46 5360 MteraceMa ea a a a 52 ISA SPNG MALIA orri ea EE AIE I AOA A A ES 57 538 The Matenal FUNCOM esenee E A ERTA i 58 5 3 9 Material from file ccccccccsccscccscssscsssccssccsscssscssssseccssccssccssccsssscesscsssccssccsccasssscssscesscsencesnes 59 5 4 Interval Data Loading History s ssseesseossesssessseesseoeneossosseesscesssesssesssesssessressressreesreessee 59 IAL FOUGUE see A 63 5 5 Problem Dala eeen a RE A E A EE es 66 5 6 S a T da tuce us Ouest eles dctantatisutaesesdet a tinenseyeeoecncd teas 69 5 7 Finite Ele MeNt Meshiruesit a n AAK N EAA A 70 DIAM Notes on MESING orno EAE AE NEONA E 70 5 7 2 Finite Elements for ATENA ccccccssccssccssccsccssssssccssccssccssccsscssccsscsssccssccssecesesscessccesccsccnses 71 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual i 5 8 ATENA MENU sania
123. with smeared reinforcement in various directions Unlimited number of components can be specified Output data for each component are then indicated by the label i Where i indicates a value of the i th component Described in section 5 3 4 Microplane M4 M7 CCMicroplane4 CCMicroplane7 Bazant Microplane material models for concrete SBETA Material CCSBETAMaterial Older version of the basic material for concrete only suitable for 2 D plane stress models wi only for Transport PROBLEM TYPE Bazant_Xi_ 1994 CCModelBaxi94 Material for transport analysis Transport3D PROBLEMTYPE only supported for backward compatibility since ATENA 5 0 CCTransportMaterial is now recommended see section 8 1 2 for details CCTransportMaterial CCTransportMaterial Material for transport analysis see section 8 1 1 SOLID_Creep_Concrete only for Creep PROBLEM TYPE wa ModelB3 CCModelB3 Bazant Baweja B3 model specified time and humidity history ModelBP 1 CCModelBP 1 full version of the creep model developed by Bazant Panulla ModelBP2 CCModelBP2 simplified version of the above model ModelACI78 CCModelACl78 creep model by ACI Committee in 1978 ATENA Science GiD User s Manual 23 SOLID Soil Rock Drucker Prager CC3DDruckerPragerPlasticity Plastic materials with Drucker Prager yield condition i SHELL Concrete Steel Ww Shell Concrete Steel CCShellMaterial Shell geometry with support Anmad elements described
124. ype of element load is introduced by amp ELEMENT_INITIAL_GAP_LOAD This load is used for gaps that are initially open Size of the openning is derived from the gap element s thickness at step INIT_STEP_ID n See input manual ELEMENT_LOAD description INIT STEP ID 1 Fig 5 21 Initial Gap Load for Volume Elements activity Used to model construction process See the ATENA Science Example Manual 8 section 2 2 Tutorial for Construction Process for an example Conditions Conditions Elements Activity for Volume R a Using for Construction State for 3D Geometries without Shell ia Using for Construction State for 3D Geometries without Shell For this condition it is necessary to have a defined special material which will be deleted For this condition it is necessary to have a defined special material which will be deleted Construction Elements Activity CREATE WITH NEW MA Construction Elements Activity DELETE Assign material Concrete EC2 z Assign Entities Draw Unassign Fig 5 22 Elements activity for Reinforcement Inactivity By this condition you can inactive and active reinforcement Conditions Reinforcement Inactivity for Line For Reinforcements inactivity Construction Elements Activity INACTIVE Fig 5 23 Reinforcement Inactivity for line Reinforcement Prestressing By this condition you can define the prestressing of the reinforcement ATENA Sci

ATENA Program Documentation Part 8 User`s Manual for ATENA

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