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3DSpaceDx

1. 3DSpaceDX 19 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Leave all the settings at their default values for this demonstration Click OK 6 Turn on the digitizer if itis not already on Ifyou have difficulty establishing communica tion between the digitizer and 3 DSpaceDX try turning the digitizer on before you enter 3DSpaceDx Itis assumed at this point that you have already made the necessary connections and entered the correct settings for communication between the digitizer and the PC Ifnot Digitize View Me please review these sections above Now select the Digitize Record line MEE Or Estare click the Digitize icon ra Y ou will see a message saying that the digitizer is being configured Digitizer intialization Please wart while digitizer is configured for recording Ifyou see any other messages then there is a problem either with the communication between the devices or with the digitizer itself After the digitizer is configured you will see a display on the right side of the screen Digitizer Active Device Status sensors 4 15 Y 15 4212 Markers P Ready RECorong Made 3DSpaceDX 20 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 The Device Status area will show how many sensors are detected 4 and the XY Z coordi nates of the stylus
2. 1998 2001 Meurozoft Inc All rights reserved worldwide Video Card Driver Information YRAN Free 2449408 YRAN Total 2449408 BPP 16 Depth 16 Butter 0 Certified No Hardware The lower part ofthe screen shows Video Card Driver information that has been detected by the program Ifyou are having difficulties with video performance in 3DSpaceDx you may be directed to this screen by Technical Support Toolbaricons The Toolbar contains several groupings of icons and additional icons will appear depending on the operation selected The first group are shortcut buttons for some basic commands Digitize View and Program options Ed i Open File The Open File icon displays the standard utility display for retrieving the various files types that may be opened with 3DSpaceDx Click the pull down arrow atthe end of the Files of type field to see the types of files that may be opened Digitize The Digitize button opens the Digitize screen and places the program in Digitizer mode as described under Digitize Record above Click it again to exit the Digitizer mode 3DSpaceDX 73 Copyright O 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Save The Save icon access the standard Save As display that is used to save a current file with modifications as desired and to convert a file to a different file type including exportation in a different format Click the pull down arrow atthe end of the Save as Type field to see th
3. Wordpad The first three lines of the res file corre spond to the right left and nasion PAN coordinates The negative numbers in the first column are used by Curry to indicate that marker coordinates follow The nextthree columns corre spond to X Y and Z coordinates in millimeters The last column is notused a toe0Z34 0000 0 0000 O eee 0 0000 0 0000 0 O elpas 9240001 0 0000 0 l Ue AOL LLL LS FI DLIZ 0 Z OO LLO 205 0 64 4966 0 3 A IO A E Lles AG So Ol 0 4 20020 LO Taso oe GO 51662 0 5 105042 LOT sdear LUZ 2060 0 6 HO loo Con e 1332006 0 7 15 840 30 00 13 TOS 26130 0 8 28 0 LGS AUes 16091 IRO o 0 9 dose val DO al O Sl 0 10 da ou Tsoala 96 2794 0 LL ess 3DSpaceDX 43 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Touse this file in Curry copy the file to the desired directory and follow the instructions in the Curry manual Exporting data in ASCII format 1 The first step is to importa data file that you want to export Let s use the same mac 3dd file from the previous example for exporting to Curry Assuming that you have retrieved the file as in the previous example the next step to obtain an ASCII file of the data is to click on the File Save As option File Digitize Wie Oper Ease Exit 2 A standard Save As utility will appear Select the ASCII dat file type then designate as Cll dat hd SDD Files 3dd 30 Space TAI tr ASCII dat Curry AS
4. E Polygans Advanced Parameters 120 Epsilon Smooth joo m Cancel Polygons Smooth These fields allow you to set the number of polygon surfaces and degree of smoothing foruse in TRI file calculations Thenumber of polygons determines the number of facets on the head shape The Smooth field is an iterative setting and determines the number of smoothing passes that are made The greater the number of smoothings the smoother the surface of the head shape will be The default settings 5120 and 4 typically result in a smooth rendering of the head shape You can increase or decrease these as desired Ifthe Spinning of the TRI file is particularly 3DSpaceDX 70 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 slow for example you can improve the performance by decreasing the number of polygons Advanced Parameters Epsilon sets the convergence criterion used in creating the TRI file The smaller the number the better the convergence or fit Below a certain point the smaller epsilon number will have no additional effect The default 0 001 works well in most instances Average TRI Surfaces The Average TRI Surfaces option allows you to average 2 or more TRI files together to make acomposite average Clicking on the option displays first an Open File utility Use this to select the first TRI file that you wish to include the average surface window You will then see the Produce average surface
5. TRI file displayed to activate some of these options Image Size Enlarge Enlarges the head size This has the same function as the licon and the up arrow from the keyboard Reduce Reduces the head size This has the same function as the 3 icon and the down arrow from the keyboard Orientation Head Allows you to select the Left Right Front Back or Top views of the head You may alsousethe g al el 1cons from the Toolbarto selectthe different views Rotate Allows you to rotate the head in the Left Right Up or Down directions in 45 degree intervals You may also use the D a lt 7 icons from the Toolbar to perform the rotations Reset orientation Resets the head to its initial orientation You may also use the el icon from the Toolbar to perform the same function Spin Starts the head spinning in either Left clockwise or Right counterclockwise direction You may also use the cle glo icons from the Toolbar to spin the head in either the left or right direction The rate of the spin is set under Edit Options or the Options icon ll from the Toolbar then the Viewing tab and Spin Rate field Objects Axes Displays the x y and z axes The kl icon from the Toolbar may also be used to toggle the axes on and off Color Bar Displays the color bar only active during mapping operations The icon willalso toggle the Color Bar on and off Head Surface Displays the head
6. The rest of the display contains 3 columns Markers Electrodes and Head Shape In this tutorial we will be using a model head with the measured electrode positions marked onthe head This will allow us to digitize the PAN coordinate markers the electrodes and the head shape in that order Inreality you will likely perform the measurements ina different order For example you might digitize the PAN coordinates then digitize the head shape After that you would typically then put onan electrode cap replace the sensors in their precise original locations and digitize the electrode positions described in more detail below This sequence allows you to digitize the head shape without having to go around the electrodes To make the PAN measurements as accurate as possible you should mark the Nasion Left and Right measurement points with a wax pencil so you can identify the precise locations when youreplace the sensors If you plan on acquiring data from the same subject at separate points in time across days it would be beneficial to take pictures showing the precise marker measurements Itis very important to obtain as identical as possible marker measurements Itis necessary to digitize the PAN coordinates first These are the left and right preauricular points and the nasion These are the 3 required points to form the reference plane Place the stylus tip at the left preauricular point detailed below and click the button on the stylus one t
7. buttons Grab the center cluster of points with the left mouse button click the pointer and hold the button down and move the mouse away from the cluster and around the screen You ll see that the square is arotatable plane and the cluster of points is a pointer The left button is used to rotate the cut plane The right mouse button 1s used to reposition the cut plane and pointer on the screen Grab the pointer with the right button click the pointer and hold the button down and drag 1t around the screen As you drag or rotate the cut plane across some digitized points you will see them change color The points that are on the pointer side of the cut plane whose colors are changed will be deleted the ones on the back side of the plane with their original color will be retained You may find that controlling the cut plane requires some practice The easiest way to use itis to use the right button to drag the pointer between the good points and the bad points Then use the left button to orient the plane so that the bad ones fall on the pointer side of the plane To delete the unwanted points click the right button elsewhere one the screen You will see an listof options Click the Erase Beyond Cut Plane option to remove the unwanted points If you find you accidentally deleted some points that were good click the right button and then select Undo Erase Beyond Cut Plane to restore them 3DSpaceDX 75 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft In
8. contents described below 3DSpaceDX 55 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 XYZ Values Retrievea3DD file and select this option to see the XY Z coordinates for the electrodes Data View CP ae A E CP 320 4 90 1281 end 1 OF 4q amp d D AT hd Cancel Map The Map section is used for saving the graphics as either static images or as a movie Itconsists of the followingoptions Map Edit Utilities Save Image Playback Play Movie Save Image Selecting this option displays a standard Save As screen where you may enter the path and filename The image on the screen will be saved as a Windows bitmap the BMP extension is added automatically graphic 3DSpaceDX 56 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Create Movie This option allows you to create an AVI movie of selected sections of the data file 3DSpaceDx must be in Idle mode no files retrieved for the movie option to be active Select the Create Movie option under Map An Open File utility will appear through which you may select the TRI file that you wish to use For example select the mac tri file from the demo directory You will then see another Open File utility to select a data file The data file must agree with the TRI file in terms ofnumbers of electrodes and electrode labels Selectthe macfcon avg file After a brief pause you will see the head shape appear in the 3 DSpaceD
9. display x Produce average surface Files to be averaged File content details CScand 1 ADemotglasshead TAI Predicted outcome of operations Smooth surface 4 Failure Select at least two files for processing Add Files Electrod t E T a Remove Files rc Retain electrodes that match ia rc Ignore and discard electrodes The screen will come up with the single file displayed as shown Click the Add Files button Add Files to access a standard Open Files utility You may then select the next TRI file that you want to average Repeat the Add Files sequence to retrieve all the files that you want to include in the average Note you can select multiple files using the Ctrl button on the keyboard as you select the files with the mouse The selected files will appear in the Files to be averaged list Highlight one to see the File content details This information includes the number of Faces Vertices and Electrodes anda list of the electrode labels To remove a file you have selected highlight the file and click the Remove Files button Remove Files 3DSpaceDX 71 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 The program will estimate the success of combining the files you have selected See the Predicted Outcome of Operation area for the prediction Predicted outcome of operation Success Faces 5120 Electrodes 19 Ifthe files all have the same number of electrodes you can av
10. mac tri file You will see the mac tri head appear in 3 DSpaceDx Enlarge the display by clicking the E icon or by clicking the mouse once inside the display to give it the focus and then click the up arrow from the keyboard Viewing C 45can4 1ADemo4mac tri Fille Digitize View Map Edt Utilities Help ejoje al For Help press Fl F 3DSpaceDX 33 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Go back to the EDIT program by for example clicking the EDIT program button on the Windows Status bar You can also size the EDIT and 3 DSpaceDx screens to have them both appear side by side 5 Back in EDIT press and hold down the left button of the mouse and note that there are two vertical cursors in the electrode display green and red These are used to select either a single data point or a span of points for mapping in 3DSpaceDx Cursor Control Controlling the cursors takes a few seconds of practice The green cursor will push the red cursor to the right the red cursor will push the green cursor to the left For example ifthe two cursors are positioned separately grab the green one with the mouse and move itto the right When it reaches the red one it will push itto the right also Without letting go of the green one with the mouse move it back to the left and the red cursor will be dropped at the point where the change of direction occurred The red cursor works the same way but in th
11. options and then the Control Panel folder 3DSpaceDX 7 Copyright O 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 By Control Panel Printers A emg i A Taskbar Double clickon the System Icon andthe system menu will appear System Click on the Device Manager tab anda list of the installed devices will appear f View devices by type yi Disk drives a Display adapters H Floppy disk controllers e Hard disk controllers ae Keyboard E Moder im Monitor Ay Mouse las Microsoft Serial Mouse e Network adapters Fl PCMCIA socket El Ports COM amp LPT Es EM System devices Properties Refresh Double clickon the Ports icon Em a a a Sa a i H i Ports COM amp LPT Fr CI Dabar dau We and a device tree will expand to show the installed ports 3DSpaceDX 8 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 E 4 Ports COM amp LPT s a Communications Port LOM m Y Printer Port LPT 1 LL MAA i Double click on Communications Port COM1 or COM2 and the Communications Port properties page will appear In this example the baud rate ofthe system is set to 9600 Communications Port COM Properties General Port Settings Driver Resources Bits per second loo t t CY Data bits E Parity Noe H Stop bits ho y Flow control Mon orto Restore Defaults To change the settings click on the pull down ar
12. remove unwanted points the Cut Plane and the Delete Points Mode The Cut Plane is useful when there is a whole section of bad points that can easily be sectioned off from the good points The Delete Points Mode is used to remove individual points one ata time and is good for getting into tight places We ll use the Cut Plane tool first Click on the Cut plane icon l Below isa partially digitized head shape with a cluster of errant points in the front and a mistaken string going off from the back of the head When the Cut Plane icon is first clicked you will see a square encompassing the center of the screen Inthe center of the square there is aspot Grab the spot with the mouse using the left mouse button By moving the mouse around you will see that the spotis in fact a pointer and that the square plane can be rotated If you grab the pointer with the right mouse button youcan move the entire tool The idea is to first position the pointer between the region of digitized points you want to remove then rotate the square in such a way so that the pointer is directed away from the digitized points you want to retain see the figure below 3DSpaceDX 26 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Notice that the color of the digitized points will change depending on the position of the Cut Plane When you have successfully segregated the bad points from the good ones click the right button You probably have a
13. see below Itis not necessary to place the receivers precisely at the edge of each corner They should be placed so that a triangular plane is formed These three locations are digitized every time asample location is obtained from the stylus receiver A reference plane is computed and used to adjust the stylus position relative to this plane The three receivers are normally placed on the head of the subject to compute the reference plane With these three receivers attached the subject can move his or her head freely in space as long as the receivers are within range of the transmitter approximately 50 cm 3DSpaceDX 12 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 to digitizer unit receiver receiver 4 Start the 3DSpaceDx program by clicking on the 3DSpaceDx icon gt fromthe SCAN 4 2 Program Launcher and the main screen shown below will appear Idle Piel ES Fle Digitize Wiew Map Edit Utilities Help For Help press F1 5 Ifyou were going to digitize electrode positions you would need to specify the Setup File under Edit Options Electrode Setup For this calibration tutorial we will not be using any electrode positions If your digitizer is not ON already turn it onnow Ifyou have difficulty establishing communication between the digitizer and 3DSpaceDx try turning the digitizer on before starting 3 DSpaceDx When you turn it on you should see the light on the front blink a few times Wait for i
14. shape The E icon will also toggle the display of the head shape on and off Wireframe Head This option will display the head as a wire frame rendering as shown below 3DSpaceDX 54 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Electrodes This option is used to display the electrode shapes on the head surface The icon may also be used to toggle the electrodes display Electrode Labels This option is used to display the electrode labels on the electrodes It may be accessed also with the pes icon You can change the color of the labels by going to Edit Options or by clicking the E icon then clicking the Viewing tab In the Window Colors area select Foreground and choose a different color from the palette Isocontours This option toggles the display of the isocontour lines on and off described below You may also use the al icon Use Cut Plane The Cut Plane is an editing tool for use when you wish to remove areas of unwanted points that have been digitized described in more detail below You may also use the l icon to toggle the Cut Plane on and off Reset Camera This option returns the camera perspective of the head to its original position It may be access also from the 9 icon Toolbars The Toolbars line when checked will display the Toolbar icons described below Status bar The Status bar line when checked displayed the Status bar at the bottom of the main display
15. the capabilities in 3 DSpaceDx you should have a video board that meets the following specifications 16MB VRAM 32MB recommended Certified video drivers that are compatible with DirectX6 1 DirectX6 1 is installed from the Scan 4 2 CD You should check with the manufacturer of your current video board if you see the message saying there are no Certified Drivers detected o 3D Acceleration PCI or APG bus When Scan 4 2 is installed you may see a message listing any video deficiencies such as No Certified Drivers No 3D Acceleration etc Ifyou are having video problems you should also see the Advanced tab under Edit Options in 3DSpaceDx described below or the Help About 3DSpaceDx screen for information about what was detected from your video board Insome cases you may be directed to run the DxDiagnose program If you have continuing video problems please contact Tech Support at techsup neuro com or call 800 474 7875 International should use 915 587 0875 3D DIGITIZER INSTALLATION If you have purchased a 3D Digitizer for inputting three dimensional head shapes for the 3 DSpaceDx program please complete the following installation steps HARDWARE INSTALLATION 3DSpaceDx supports the ISOTRACK I M and FASTRAK devices Described below are the specific interface concerns related to the 3 DSpaceDx program The user is referred to the accompanying Polhemus manual for all other hardware concerns Familiarization wi
16. unwanted digitized points one ata time from 3DD files Afterretrieving the 3DD file select the Delete Points option or click the right mouse button to access additional options Select the Delete Points Mode The appearance of the digitized head shape points will change slightly in color With the left mouse button click on the unwanted points to remove them If you have your PC s audio system on you will hear it beep as you delete the points See also the Cut Plane feature The Cut Plane is used to delete whole sections ofunwanted points This concludes the 3DSpaceDx manual 3DSpaceDX 77 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201
17. 00 0 000000 dd 8 8 901917 449677 o Te 610818 10238001 Pe 20064 LoS 1259 LOIS 1 8 757446 Oe Oe OIA ee eae ee 0 000000 ARS res eo TAn 14 04235L3 File Digitize Wie 1 To obtain an ASCII import of the data select the File Open option Hoze 2 A standard Open File utility will appear Click on the down arrow by the Files oftype line and select the ASCII dat file type Select the file and click Open to import the file ASCII dat 3DSpace TAI tr SDD Files 3dd ASCII E dat Curry RES res BESA ELF elp The file format for an ASCII importis identical to the export format Hint One way to modify a 3DD file is to export it to a dat and then edit it with an ASCII text editor This procedure can be used to remove unwanted electrodes or other data points from the file After the file has been edited use the Import ASCII File option to load the modified data This last step completes the Exporting and Importing data tutorial In this tutorial you learned to e Exporta fileto CURRY e Exportan ASCII file e Importan ASCII file 3DSpaceDX 45 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Operating 3DSpaceDx syan To start 3DSpaceDx double click on the SCAN 4 2 icon A andthe SCAN 4 2 Program SCAN 4 Launcher willappear e Scan 4 2 ee o OO Click on the 3DSpaceDx icon gt and the Main Screen of 3DSpaceDx will appear Idl
18. 00 T4 30 00 0 00 T5 30 00 216 00 T 30 00 324 00 Cz 0 00 0 00 When you highlight an electrode either by clicking it from the listor by clicking the electrode in the electrode position display you will see the label and its theta phi coordinates just above the electrode list On the electrode position display you can adjust the placements as desired by 3DSpaceDX 62 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 clicking an electrode and moving it A light blue circle will appear around an electrode when you select it and the corresponding electrode will be highlighted on the electrode list Notice also that its theta phi coordinates will change on the electrode list As you just move the mouse around in the display area you will see the pointer location field change according to its current theta phi position 130 00 300 00 You may notice that 0 0 1s the center ofthe grid Theta the X value increases in positive value as you move away from the center in any direction Phi the Y values values increase from zero to 360 degrees as you go around the circle ina counterclockwise direction The starting point where phi 1s zero is on the line that projects to the right ear from the center or approximately from Cz to T4 positions Notice there is a circular grid system for placing the electrodes Ifyou have the Snap to grid field checked J Snap to grid the electrode will snap to specified posit
19. 3DSpaceDx Digitizing Electrode Positions and Head Shapes and Mapping Results in 3D 3DSpaceDX 1 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Contents 3DSpaceDx MO AU Mrs 5 About THIS Manta lenin a 5 3DSpaceDx Video Requirements ccccooonccnnnconccnnnnnconnnnnncnnnnnanonnnnanconoss 5 SD Dezer nstallati soseer ea A GEREN 6 Hardware Instala caso 6 Software St dio 7 A O E A 11 Tutorial Canbrati n assess 11 Tutorial 2 Electrode Positions and Head Shape 18 Tutorial 3 Mapping Neurophysiological Data 0 cece 31 A vet O E 34 SOCON ON APP A 36 Coherence Mapping in 3DSpaceDx cccccccceeeees 38 Mapping in 3DSpaceDx Systems Without 3D Digitizers 40 Tutorial 4 Exporting and Importing Data cccccccccnnnnnmmmmm 42 Exp rting data to CUNY veraces 42 Exporting data in ASCII format ooccocccocnnncnnocncnnnncnnncnnno 44 Importing data in ASCII format ooocconncccnnncnnncnnnonononnnnnns 45 Operatie SOSPACeDX sip at A 46 Pon 5I A EEA EEN nace nnseaeneaes 46 Opee ad io 47 A sania toca daseiae auaas eae easter onan aiaas 47 30d Midas 48 A E ETEA TE E T 48 OS Midis 48 A E A 48 Mouse and Keyboard Display Control 49 Left mouse button positiONINZ ccccccnnnnnnnnnnnnnnm 49 Right mouse button positioning cccccceeeeeee 49 AOW E OV aei 49 CTRE FAON KEYS utili 49 DIG gt arrow KEN Se
20. E ot scinae ona E chem acer mates 74 ROS DON Macatee take Aaeti A AET EO 74 PPP e o O auton T TE 74 A TA 74 A PP Po E 74 SU Cto 75 Color Scale DaT orrie rnn orn S 75 SS E OIE E A EE EEE TEETE E T AE 75 TSO C OMLOU LS id 75 nn et calsaananisdbeaedaceasah ented onudenaitinaneste 75 Electrodo Taberno 75 Colerence Matix cesen en a S 75 COED A 75 Right Mouse Button Menus is 76 Menu Options with 3D Maps and TRI files cccccccccnnnnnnmmmmo 76 COPY IMA eee ere E E ee ee een eee 76 A e o A 76 Menu Options with a 3DD File Displayed or During Digitization 76 Moas U tcs 76 Erase Beyond Cut Plus 71 Undo Erase Beyond Cut Plane essa reali T1 Delete Pomts Mode sees 71 3DSpaceDX 4 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 INTRODUCTION Welcome to the Neuro Scan 3DSpaceDx program a flexible 3 dimensional rendering package designed specifically for the neurophysiologist 3DSpaceDx 1s designed to digitize precise electrode positions and head body shapes generate and render realistic surfaces and depict 2 and 3 dimensional topographic maps of electrophysiological activity measured by EEG and evoked potentials Movies of the topographic maps can also be displayed 3D coordinates for electrodes and fiducial markers can be exported to most source analysis packages for precise localization of electrodes 3D data can also be imported and displayed from other systems generating 3 dimensional data The h
21. LA5cand 145 etup FilestCap32 a Configuration Use Setup gt oz fo faro Fel 90 00 108 00 a Fo2 30 007200 F3 64 00 129 10 F4 64 00 50 90 C3 45 00 180 00 C4 45 00 0 00 P3 64 00 230 90 P4 64 00 309 10 01 90 00 252 00 02 390 00 288 00 F7 90 00 144 00 Fe 390 00 36 00 T3 90 00 180 00 T4 90 00 0 00 ITS 390 00 216 00 TE 390 00 324 00 Cz 0 00 0 00 eS A a T aa Add Remove Diameter Thickness Offset Label em cr cr Size M Snap to grid Thetali0 Phi fia 150 00 320 00 Zz ME po a Electrode Setup When digitizing the electrode positions the program needs some way to determine the number of electrodes and their labels That information is contained in any of several files Selecta file in the Electrode Setup display There are several types of files including ast setup files from Scan 4 est set setup files from Scan 3 or tri from 3 DSpaceDx files EST files are files created by 3dSpaceDx to save electrode configuration changes made in the other files If for example youretrieve an AST file and move add delete an electrode you see the Save Asutility when you attempt to exit the Electrodes Setup display asking for a filename with an EST extension The EST files can be retrieved ata later time with the changes saved After selecting a file the electrode
22. OM port setting as may be seen in the Windows Device Manager and the dip switch settings on the back of the digitizer Refer also to the Installation section earlier in this manual Point Display The Point Display determines the color of the points that are digitized If youchange the color during digitization all ofthe point colors will change those digitized already and those to be digitized The Color button for the Point and Stylus Displays accesses a standard color selection grid If you don t see a color you want click on the Define Custom Colors bar and select the color of your choice Minimum distance between digitized points when acquiring continuously Select the desired minimum distance between digitized points the program will not accept points closer than the value entered The possibilities are 2 5 10 and 20mms Stylus Display Selecta color for the Stylus Display This is the point that represents the position of the stylus in 3D space The Color button for the 3DSpaceDX 65 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Point and Stylus Displays accesses a standard color selection grid Ifyou don t see acolor you want click on the Define Custom Colors bar and select the color of your choice Tip offsetin inches These fields display any offsets in the stylus tip Ifyou find for example that there is a consistent offset when you run the calibration tutorial you can see it in these fields
23. Plane rectangle that appears when you use the Cut Plane Valid entries are 10 to 100 You can also select the color to be used for the Cut Plane rectangle The rectangle appears when you select the Cut Plane option Note The Scale Factor and color choice must be set prior to digitizing and cannot be changed on the fly Digitizer Setup The Digitizer Setup screen allows you to enter necessary settings for the communication and display options for the digitizer Ifyou have no digitizer connected you will see a message saying 3DSpaceDX 64 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Error ae 1 Timeout while sending command to digitizer Click OK and you will see the setup display Stylus Display Color Point Display TE Color Communications Com Pot Speed come 57600 Minimum distance between digitized points when acquinng continuously 2 0mm Tip offset in inches Offset Communications Select the desired COM port and BAUD rate The COM portis the one that has the serial cable to the digitizer connected to it Ifyou have more than one COM port be sure you have the correct one entered see also the installation section at the beginning of the manual The BAUD rate is the speed at which transmission will occur between the digitizer and the PC The recommended rate 1s 57 600BPS There must be agreement between this setting the actual C
24. Right are in fact reversed if you drew the triangle diagram as indicated above To see the vertical line you need to rotate the head Click the Top View icon j and you should see the following 3DSpaceDX 16 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 This is now as if you are looking directly down on the triangle you drew Since the R N and L are 2 dimensional objects they appear as lines when viewed from above or from the sides Experiment with the various viewing icons on the Toolbar Try Spinning rotating horizontally and vertically resizing front back and left right views and so forth Y ou may have noticed that additional Toolbar icons appeared when you went into digitizer mode including these the Electrode and Head Shape tutorial The other three are toggles for displaying the X Y and Z axes the electrode shapes and the electrode labels Toggle the X YZ axes on and spin the lines bts The first one is an editing tool and will be discussed in 8 The last step is to save the results Exit digitizer mode and click on the File Save As option A standard Save As utility will appear Click the down arrow by the Save as type field and you ll see a list of file types that may be saved These will be discussed in more detail in the Importing and Exporting files tutorial Fornow select the 3DD Files 3DD filetype and click Save The file has now been stored in a binary 3dd form
25. S rsa Cury RES rex BESA ELP elp a path enter a file name and click Save Shown below 1s a section ofthe output ofthe ASCII file The first column is used as atextlabel field The firstthree lines correspondtothe PAN markers Lines 4 14 correspond to electrode positions The line labeled centroid corresponds to the computed center The remaining lines starting with the number 32 correspond to surface points The second column is an ASCII character code corresponding to the first letter in the string The values are used to identify each line and the following table can be used to decode each number Number Letter Meaning 110 n Nasion marker 108 l Leftmarker 114 r Rightmarker 69 e Electrode 32 whitespace surfacepolnt The last three columns correspond to the X Y and Z values for each point in centimeters Note all values are relative to the computed centroid 3DSpaceDX 44 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Nasion 11 Left 10 Right 11 1 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 Ow ono oe W N Centroid 99 Dz 32 Importing datain ASCII format 0 Ore hs aks 925066710 8 tres Or Es 0 000000 4 Teo Z3405 0 000000 SUMAS Le VE 219193 0 149092 Ld 628000 A LOL LS A Bo Sooo 2 403900 TUS 7038 1 050415 VO 192202 I ol Ooo 8 017 1 ol 4 518402 io A 2x0 OL619 Te DOMO O 4 821411 9 524261 e tooo Fe I OSL53 0 000000 0 000000 La 3 800034 202 104009 2022075 0 000000 0 0000
26. Stripe The Setup dialog box shown below willappear Currently two devices are supported FASTRAK and ISOTRAK II If your system has 4 receivers then itis a FASTRAK Ifit has inputs for 2 receivers then it is the ISOTRAKII Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing Stylus Display F Eol Point Display PE Color Communications Com Port Speed 5 600 Minimum distance between digitized points when acquinng continuously 2 0mm Under the Communications section select the COM port that you are using and the same BAUD rate that you set in the Device Manager and with the digitizer dip switches Exit the 3DSpaceDX 10 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 program by clicking OK and then File Exit or the X button This will save your current configuration When you have everything set correctly turn on the digitizer Remember do NOT make any connections to the digitizer or make any switch changes while the system is turned on TUTORIALS These tutorials are designed to illustrate the use of the 3 DSpaceDx program In these tutorials you will learn to do the following e Calibrate and verify operation of the system e Digitize electrode and head shape information e Map and display neurophysiological data e Export and import data to other systems Werecommend that youread the first two tutorials ata minimum before you begin to acquire impor
27. analysis software provides a method to load information about the electrode 3DSpaceDX 42 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 locations in the form ofa res or rs3 file rs3 files are used with Curry 4 The res and rs3 files are expected to contain specific information regarding marker and electrode positions asis contained in 3dd files To exporta file first loada 3dd file This file must contain information about electrode positions and the PAN marker coordinates Click the File Open option File Digitize Wie bss A standard Open File utility will appear Click on the down arrow by the Files of type line to see the types of files that can be imported SOD Files 3dd hi ASCII dat Cury RES rex BESA ELF elp Set the file type to 3DD files 3DD and select the demo file mac 3dd and click Open It will take a few seconds for the file to load 2 Now we want to export that file for use with Curry Click on the File Save As line or click the Save Asicon a from the Toolbar anda Save As window will appear Eile Digitize Wie Cury ASS 153 SDD Files dd JD5pace TAI tr Click the pull down arrow for the Save as Type and select the Curry rs3 option Designate apath enter a file name and click Save Shown below is a section of the output of the Curry res file rs3 files are more complex but may also be viewed with for example
28. and correct for 1tusing the commands listed in the Polhemus manual Viewing The Viewing screen allows you to specify anumber of parameters pertaining to the display of maps and realistic head depictions The display is divided into 4 areas Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing Advanced Surface Display Window Colors TE Background Transparency 0 0 Upaquel keard hbe Wap Skin M homal to screen 25 25 Hl Spin Rate 3 Mapping Values Foreground lso contours Step o s w Smooth 3 Nearest Cutoff distance cm Interval a EN E Offset 77 025 Use Spherical M Interpolation W Use Gradient Colors Ti Lirit interpolation to M M nearest electrodes m Pol mM CN F Force map to skin color when showing lso conbours Surface Display The Surface Display settings allow you to set several display parameters Transparency These settings refer to the transparency of the maps and skin The greater the number up to 1 0 the more transparent the maps or skin will be A setting of 0 0 means the maps or skin will be completely opaque The Color button allows you to select acolor for the skin Ifyou don t see a color you like on the color grid click on the Define Custom Colors bar and select the color you wish 3DSpaceDX 66 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Spin Rate The Spin Rate determines the rate of the spinning when you select Spin left or Spin r
29. asured in microvolts allows you to set the voltage interval between contour lines For example when set to 1 0 uVs contours lines will be drawn along the 3 2 1 0 1 1 2 3 etc microvolt points Smooth For any give point in the triangulated surface the 6 nearest neighbors are averaged together and assigned to that point This is done recursively according to the number of specified times Offset The Offset value will let you draw the contour lines on the surface of the head offset 0 0 or displaced off the surface of the head values greater than 1 suchas 1 025 Use Gradient Colors These fields allow you to designate different colors for positive voltage contour lines negative voltage lines and the line of zero voltage Click the desired color button and the standard color palette screen will appear Select the color and click OK The enable fields to the right of each color bar let you select individually which lines you want to be displayed Force map to skin color when showing Iso contours When enabled this option will automatically use a natural skin color when displaying the iso contours Advanced The remaining tab under Options is the Advanced section This section 1s divided into 2 parts as shown below 3DSpaceDX 68 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing Advanced Approxiniate YAAK 4096000 To enable driver
30. at and can be recalled at any later time This last step completes the first tutorial in the use of the 3 DSpaceDx program In this tutorial you learned to e Start the 3DSpaceDx program e Setup the PAN reference plane e Digitize continuous points e Verify accuracy e Rotate and change the viewer perspective e Save the results to a 3dd file In the next tutorial you will begin to collect electrode and head shape information from areal subject 3DSpaceDX 17 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Tutorial 2 ELECTRODE POSITIONS AND HEAD SHAPE In this tutorial you will learn how to digitize the electrode positions and the head shape Collecting precise information on the positions of electrodes with respect to the scalp is an essential data component for both realistic display of scalp topography and electric source analysis Although the long employed 10 20 system provided a simple and standard method for the application ofa sparse electrode array one to 21 channels 1t does not provide enough accuracy for source analyses Collection of information about the head shape of the subject is useful for several reasons First itis useful to observe the scalp topography as it would appear on the actual head shape of the subject Variability of head shape and size in humans is large The display of scalp topography on standard head shapes such as a sphere can result in large distortions of actual scalp topography on t
31. c Revision B Document 2201 The playback controls are at the bottom of the screen The initial two buttons rl startthe playback first one or stop the playback and return it to the beginning frame second button When you start the playback notice that the first button changes to mJ Ifyou click this during the playback it will Pause the movie at that point The button will revert to the original triangle shape which you can click to resume the playback The larger numerical display eT shows how many seconds you are into the movie file The smaller numerical display REA shows how many total seconds were recorded You may control the playback of the movie by grabbing and dragging the sliding bar at the bottom of the display Eile Digitize W To close the AVI TRI and AVG files click the File Close ells option Close Edit The Edit section allows you to select and modify setup files entera wide variety of parameter settings delete spurious points that have been digitized and other options Click the Edit option to see the following menu list Edit Utilities Help Options Unda ett Copy Delete Points 3DSpaceDX 60 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Options Clicking the options feature displays a multi tab display with the Electrode Setup card ontop Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing Advanced Electrode File VWEOGL p
32. c Revision B Document 2201 The other options on this list are described below Right Mouse Button Menus Some options in 3 DSpaceDx are accessed by clicking the right mouse button These options will vary depending on the type of file that has been retrieved or the operation that is being conducted When clicking the right mouse button for the menu options click at a point other than on the head as that may grab the head and moveit Menu Options with 3D Maps and TRI files When you have data mapped or a TRI file displayed the right mouse menu options include the following Copy Image Ctrl C Save Image Copy Image Copy Image copies the display section to the clipboard where 1t may be Pasted into other applications such as Paint Save Image Selecting this option displays the standard Save As display where you may save the display part of the screen as a BitMap BMP file Menu Options with a 3DD File Displayed or During Digitization Under either of those conditions you will see the following option list when you click the right mouse button Only those not described immediately above are listed below Measure Copy Image Ctrl E Save lmage Erase Beyond Cut Plane Unido Erase Beyond ob Plane Delete Points Mode Measure Measure is a tool for measuring the distance on the actual 3D surface Enable it by clicking the right mouse button on the digitizer screen to access the menu options then click the Measure l
33. ced On the Electrode Setup display you can select what file and type of file to use as a setup file for digitization On the right side of the Electrode File line you will see a Browse button g Click it and you will see the standard Open File utility In the Files of Type pull down list select Scan 4 0 Setup ast 1fneeded and select the cap32 ast file from the Scan 4 21 Setup Files folder Scan 4 0 Setup ast In normal use you would likely start with an AST file Ifyou have a data file but do not have the setup file used to create it you can recreate the setup file simply by using the Create AST File option under Edit inthe EDIT program The electrode setup information for that file is then displayed Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing Advanced Electrode File MEDAL i C Scand 1 Setup Files Cap32 Configuration Use Setup fe fo aro Fpl 30 00 105 00 st Fpe 30 00 72 00 JF 3 64 00 129 10 F4 64 00 50 90 C3 45 00 180 00 C4 45 00 0 00 Ps 64 00 30 30 P4 64 00 309 10 01 30 00 252 00 Ue 30 00 285 00 F7 30 00 144 00 Fo 30 00 36 00 T3 30 00 150 00 14 30 00 0 00 ITS 30 00 216 00 ITE 30 00 324 00 Cz 0 00 0 00 eS A a T aa r Add Remove Diameter Thickness Offset Label fem fem lem _ size M Snap togrid Thetafio prifio asoma f fos fi 4
34. cond elsa 49 CIOS E ai a EE cea eo et 50 AVC AAN a E o E E OENES 50 ESO MES rd da 50 PPP E EE EE 50 A E ES 50 RECO or AE EE EN 50 3DSpaceDX 2 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Device StatuS ccccecscscscscsceccccccncscscscscecscsceccacacscecscscecenes 51 E A on E SRE CS PPC TE BENS Ae Ne Re 51 CLAMA res ries E 52 A E TO Ea 52 Head SHANG sii 53 PVE SU ACC AS E E E P E EN P E 53 NTE rE E A E eae enceee 53 A E A EE EN A E E A EA T 54 OEO ea E EE 54 ODECE S S E E E E E E 54 GA AA E OTe OE oT 55 PP a a a a a areata aeeereeey 55 SEAUUS Dinner E E EEA 55 DT A A saan 56 INA ease e peut E E A T eave TE 56 Save TID O Pe nn eee eer O ee 56 Era MO rre cane cea ama tatassaataumepesnaadonnceeesces 57 MOS CAM eta datada eo 58 AS A PA 59 Play MOVIES eros 59 PP A EE 60 OPUS AD 61 FTES UOC Sessa 61 Surtace Generi ON aere e 64 DISHizEr SOU Dreta 64 NG MIN detects 66 o 68 COPs 69 Delete Pomo E 69 A E a cele AEE Gia iat aah anata Meal oh eet 69 Meroe Electrodos ae 69 Conve DD a ioicd 70 Average TRI SUMACOS s eiii 71 A A tee E A E cena aude tela E E A E 73 DIDS Pace Dx Manitas a ina 73 ABOU DSpace D aa O 73 ds Pon 73 Open a 73 DIS raid 73 o AEE sete ae dasa eee 74 3DSpaceDX 3 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Progra OPUONS tea 74 PI Mie 74 SPA SRT Bl sa tai dea 74 Reset OnuentatO Manada 74 Rotator tan rodean 74 Rotate RIM dei 74 A UDan
35. digitizing you can always check the counter to see if it is incrementing The Recording Mode may be toggled between Continuous and Single point digitiza tion Typically you would use Continuous mode for head shape measurement As long as you hold the stylus button down digitization will continue Ifyou have the sound system activated on your PC you should hear atone when you press the stylus button In Single Pointmode digitization will occur one point at atime In other words youneed to press the stylus button for each single point Fit Surface Fit Surface will calculate the head shape using only the points that have been digitized up to a given point It will place the points in aregular array removing the redundant ones It will help you determine when you have collected enough points to generate a realistic head shape View The View option is used for sizing and positioning the 3DD or TRI displays Click the View option from the Main Menu line and you will see the following options View Map Edit Ul Image Size d Orientation Objects d Reset Wanena w Toolbars w Status Bar TE Values Most of the options can be accessed more easily from icons on the Toolbar described below Note that the left and right mouse buttons and arrow keys on the keyboard perform the same or similar 3DSpaceDX 53 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 functions of the icons Note You need to have a 3DD or
36. e 3DSpaceDx icon You will be asked to retrieve a TRI file select one that matches the data file Back inthe EDIT program select an electrode and enlargeitto fullsize 3 Init you will see two vertical and three horizontal cursors The vertical ones are used to select the 3DSpaceDX 38 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 2 73 Hz 10 369 Hz 0 90 saturate OC 70 midrange 0 50 threshold Coh 0 0 5 0 100 150 200 250 300 350 Wo 460 range of COH frequencies to be mapped and the horizontal ones are used for setting the scaling thresholds When you have them setas desired click the right mouse button and select the MPAA EAE option It will take a few moments to transfer the selected links to 3DSpaceDx When the transfer is completed you will see the 3D head shape with the color coded COH links In this figure the color scale bar was added by clicking the cg icon The COH matrix ribbons may toggled on and offusing the icon Other parameters are controlled from the Edit Options Surface Generation screen in 3 DSpaceDx The Ribbon Arc Steps sets the 3DSpaceDX 39 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 number of steps or bends in the COH ribbon too few may cut through the head too many may have resultin a very large arc The Scale Factor is used to determine the width of the ribbons Please refer to the Operating 3 DSpaceDx section below fo
37. e Status Sensors 4 x 0 Y 10 7 0 Since you have not moved the stylus upward in the 3rd dimension the Z value is always 0 7 With the PAN markers in place you can now begin to explore the use of the digitizer First we ll digitize along the X and Y axes Click the Stylus field under Head Shape In Continuous digitization mode we ll draw axes Position the stylus at the Left position and using a nonmetallic straight edge hold down the stylus button and draw a line to the Right position Don t move the stylus too fast just a steady smooth movement If you have your PC sound system on you will hear the points as they are digitized You will also see Point counter in the Head Shape field increment and you will see the dotted line appear on the display area Note You can change the color of the digitized points the color of the stylus tip posi tion and the minimum closeness of the digitized points from the Edit Options Digitizer Setup display described in more detail below Then digitize the vertical line going to the Nasion from the midpoint of the Left Right line you just digitized The result lines in the display area of 3 DSpaceDx should look something like the following Where is the vertical line and why are Left and Rightreversed The view you are seeing 1s as if youare looking from the vantage point of the transmitter You are looking edge on to the lines which are lying flat in 2 dimensions and Left and
38. e _ Cif ES Fille Digitiz View Map Edit Utilities Help For Help press Fl PA A description ofthe 3DSpaceDx Main Menu bar selections and their associated fields are listed below File Digitize View Map Edit Utilities Help File When you select the File option you will see amenu with the following options Open Close Save Ag E sit 3DSpaceDX 46 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Open The Open option calls a standard open file utility Click the pull down arrow at the end of the Files of Type field to see the types of files that may be opened SDS pace TAI tri aD Space TAI tri S00 Files 3dd ASCII dat Cury RES res El The 3DSpaceDx program opens 5 file types tri 3dd dat res and elp trifiles TRI or triangulated files are created from 3DD files 3DD files contain the PAN coordinate position data the electrode position data and the raw digitized head shape points The 3DD files are converted to TRI files which are displayed asa realistic head shaperendering Anexample ofa TRI file is shown below this is the mac tridemo file Notice that many more Toolbar icons appear when you opena data file These are used to control the position size and other display features and are described below Viewing C Scan4 Examples mac Tri Fille Digtize View Map Edit Utilities Help Sl 60 1 ejoje ol 2l jel ela
39. e are additional ways youcan control the display using the left and right mouse buttons and the arrow keys on the keyboard Note These operations have the same effect on objects in the digitizer display You can spin rotate resize etc the points when you digitize them Left mouse button positioning With the TRI file retrieved position the mouse on the display and click and hold the left mouse button Then move the mouse inthe left orright direction In this way you can manually spin the head in either direction You can also grab the head with the left mouse button and spin itup or down orin any direction To return the head to its original position click the Reset orientation and or Reset view icons on the Toolbar or s le AS Right mouse button positioning In asimilar fashion you can grab the head with the right mouse button and move the head around the display screen Note that when you dothis you are actually changing your viewing perspective to the head By moving the head to the right side of the screen for example you are actually seeing 1t from your original fixed position so the perspective will change somewhat When yourelease the right mouse button you will see a menu option screen left click outside the menu to close it These options will be explained below Arrow keys The arrow keys on the keyboard can also be used to position the head Be sure you have clicked the mouse inside the display area once
40. e opposite direction When the cursors are superimposed that single data point will be mapped in 3DSpaceDx When they are separated the average of the data points between the cursors will be mapped Move both cursors to the first negative wave peaking at approximately 118 msec 114 75 m7119 75 m 30 25 00 pr 25 10 75 20 0 30 0 00 0 S500 000 1050 0 1900 00 ma 6 Now go back to 3DSpaceDx The point you selected will be displayed on the mac tri head The map below was rescaled to 5 uVs 3DSpaceDX 34 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Youcannow enlarge rotate spin etc the head as desired using the icons on the Toolbar the left and right mouse buttons or the arrow keys on the keyboard described in more detail below You canrescale the map from within 3 DSpaceDx by going to Edit Options then the Viewing tab and changing the Min and Max numbers in the Mapping Values fields Youcan also vary the transparency ofthe map and skin the color of the skin and the rate of spin from the same screen 3DSpaceDX 35 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 5 Pp m Fa cn x Iso contours The iso contour feature allows you to add contour lines to the maps to show lines ofequipotentiality The following screen is from the Edit Options Viewing tab xI MT Coo 7 TP 0Co 7 MA Color xl Step Interval The step in
41. e types of files that may be saved Program options The Program options button opens the Options screen and is the same as selecting Edit Options described above The second group of icons is related to position and size ofthe 3DD or TRI file The icons appear or become active after you retrieve a file The buttons have the same function as the View Image Size and Orientation options described above Spin left The Spin left button causes the TRI to rotate or spin to the left or ina clockwise direction Click the button once to start the slow spinning and click it again to stop it at a perspective of interest Spin right Same as Spin left except that the spinning is inthe counterclockwise direction Reset orientation Returns the TRI file to the initial face forward position Rotate left Clicking the Rotate left button rotates the head 45 degrees to the left ina clockwise direction Rotate right Same as Rotate left except the direction ofrotation is counterclockwise Rotate up Clicking the Rotate up button rotates the TRI file head upward by 45 degrees Rotate down Same as Rotate up except the head is rotated down by 45 degrees Larger Increases the head size display Smaller Decreases the head size display Reset view Returns the head to its original size The next set of Toolbar icons can be used to select quickly any of several views ofthe 3DD or TRI file head de al el The buttons correspond to L
42. ed If for example you want to map data from the basic 10 20 system using the DAVE head you should delete the extra electrode lines that are not part of the 10 20 system including the VEOG channel and save the new dat file File Digitize Wie 3 In3DSpaceDx open the new dat file you created using and setting the Files of Hoze Type to ascii dat You should then see the 3DD rendering with fewer electrodes File Digitize Wie Oper Eloge 4 To create a tri file from the 3dd file select and set the Save as type field as Exit follows Save as type 3D5pace TRI tri Click OK and you will see the Surface Generation Options display Accept the default settings and click OK Surface Generation Options ES Advanced Parameters Epsilon 0 001 3DSpaceDX 41 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 You will see the 3DD to TRI file conversion which may take a few seconds 5 Youcan then retrieve the new TRI for review It will be the same head shape but with fewer electrodes Assuming these electrodes now match your data file you may then use the new tri file for mapping the evoked potential data from EDIT as usual 6 With fewer channels there is less coverage of the head and the default settings will likelyresultin Cutoff distance em gaps inthe 3d maps Tocorrect this go to Edit Options Viewing and locate the E field Increasing this number try 6 w
43. ed correctly Electrodes Itisnecessary to have selected a setup file or other file containing electrode information prior to digitizing the electrode positions described below The first in the sequence of electrodes will be displayed in the top field The field below it shows the number of the electrode from the electrode list Position the stylus tip on the 3DSpaceDX 52 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 indicated electrode and click the stylus button one time Ifyou have the sound system activated on your PC you should hear a tone when you press the stylus button The next electrode in the sequence will then be displayed Proceed through the sequence digitizing all electrodes Ifyou make a mistake you can use the Next and Previous buttons to step through the sequence to get to the electrode to be redigitized At the end of the sequence you will be asked for the Reference electrode This is notneeded for digitizing in 3 DSpaceDx butit may be necessary for source localization Ifyou are using a linked ears reference you should skip digitization of the ears Forasingle reference position and click the stylus Youcan digitize the reference at any time by clicking the Reference button then digitize as normal Head Shape The Points counter will keep arunning total of the number of points digitized Note When you are not sure if the points are being registered because there may be so many in the area you are
44. ed outcome of operation window will predict Success and display the number of faces The number of faces should be the same as the number of polygons entered under Edit Options Surface Generation Where there are differing numbers of faces across TRI files the program converts to the least number of faces present in any file Smooth surface E After selecting one ofthe 3 options above enter a value in the Smooth surface field This determines the number of passes a smoothing operation is made across points or facets Higher numbers will result in more smoothing Then click the OK button and a standard Save As utility will appear Enter a name and path for the new average TRI file and click Save Use the File Open TRI option to see the result of the average 3DSpaceDX 72 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Help Help SD Space Manual The Help menu consists of the following two choices About 3D SpaceD y 3DSpaceDx Manual Selecting this option connects automatically to the 3DSpaceDx manual PDF file All ofthe PDF files may be found in the Pdf folder under Scan4 2 We recommend that you keep these files current by periodically downloading the latest versions from our web site www neuro com About 3DSpaceDx This display not only shows the version of the 3 DSpaceDx exe file that you have but also information about your computer About DSpace S05 pace Version 1 2 Copyright
45. eft Back Right Top and Front views The buttons have the same functions as described under View Orientation Head described above The next set of buttons appear or become active after a TRI or 3DD file has been retrieved and are used as toggles for displaying differenttypes ofinformation amp i E la J I 3DSpaceDX 74 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Surface Toggles on and offthe head shape surface Color scale bar Toggles the color scale bar on and off Note If you are looking at mapped data then add the color scale bar and click Spin the color scale bar has the focus and it will spin Remove and replace the head surface so that the head surface has the focus then it will spin Axes Toggles the display of the x y and z axes on and off Iso contours Toggles the isocontour lines on and off Electrodes Toggles the electrode shapes on and off Electrode labels Toggles the electrode labels on and off Coherence matrix Toggles the coherence matrix on and off The remaining icon turns on and off the Cut Plane editing tool il whichis used for deleting unwanted digitized points Cut plane This option turns on and offthe Cut plane edit tool refer to the Electrode Position and Head Shape tutorial for examples of its use When you display the Cut plane l itwill appear as a square with a cluster of dots in the center Itis controlled with both the left and right mouse
46. er the electrodes are digitized you will be asked for the Reference electrode which we willignore for this demonstration Locating the refer ence electrode position is useful for source analysis programs You will see each electrode appear on the screen as itis digitized The final display may look similar to the following the red square and center dot seen in this and in subsequent figures are part the Cut Plane editing tool explained below 3DSpaceDX 22 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 8 The next step is to digitize the head shape Click the Stylus button at the bottom of the Head Shape column Head Shape ae Ea Clear Recording f Stylus The Points counter at the top will keep arunning count of the number of digitized points You may toggle the Continuous button to Single if you wish to do single point digitization Continuous digitization is typical Ifyou make any serious mistakes during digitization and wish to start over click the Clear button 3DSpaceDX 23 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 When youare ready to begin digitizing the head shape place the tip of the stylus ata point on the head The ideais to digitize all surfaces from the neck up If you divide the head into regions itis easier to keep track of what you have and have not sampled Keep the stylus tip in contact with the surface being sampled Digitization will occur as
47. erage them with no loss of information If however the files have differing numbers of electrodes you can still do the average with certain constraints On the lower left section of the screen you will see 3 radial button fields Selecting one of these will impose restraints on how the electrode information will be treated fe Electrodes must match exactly across all TRI files Ifyou have differing numbers of electrodes you will geta Failure message in the Predicted outcome of operation window and you cannot average the files Ifyou select this option you are saying that the electrodes must match Predicted outcome of operation Failure Electrode counts differ in files CNS cang 1 Demosheadsamp TAI and CS cand 15Demosmac tri Electrode counts differ in files C S5can4 Demo glasshead TAI and CS cand 1 Demo headsamp TAI Retain electrodez that match number of electrodes from each file Ifone file has 62 electrodes and another has 64 electrodes the result of the average will contain 62 electrodes The Predicted outcome of operation window will predict Success and display how many electrodes and faces there are in common across files Ifyou selectthis option you are saying to include only the same Predicted outcome of operations Success Faces 5120 Electrodes 19 d discard one ilar AA Selecting this option will ignore the electrodes altogether in the averaging ofthe TRI files The Predict
48. est is determined and the data from that point are mapped in 3DSpaceDx AI 1 Click the EDIT button from the Scan 4 2 command option bar and the opening screen in EDIT will appear described in more detail in the EDIT manual Under File select Open data file anda standard Open File utility will appear File Edit View Transforn Open data file Gtri O 2 Select the Mactcon avg file located in the c Scan4 2 Demo folder Select Data File Look in E Demo EN M actcon ay q File name Macicon Files of type Neuros can Average AVG Lancel E 3DSpaceDX 31 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 The waveforms at all electrode sites will be displayed in a window shown below 3 Click ona waveform located toward the bottom ofthe window Shown below is the waveform for electrode 100 Move the cursor into the window X milliseconds and Y micro Volts values will be displayed in the status bar at the bottom of the window Scale the wave forms as desired using the up and down arrows on the Toolbar ES 4 Click on the 3DSpaceDx icon p on the Toolbar in EDIT The 3DSpaceDx program will open and a standard Open File utility will appear 3DSpaceDX 32 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Open Look in 3 Demo EN Files of type Triangle Meshes tri 5 Cancel it Go to the scan4 2 demo directory 1f needed and select the
49. he order of several centimeters Second a good estimate of head shape is very useful for the co registration of the electrodes with other imaging methods such as CT PET SPECT fMRI and MRI The outline of the head along with other landmarks can be used to perform a best fitregistration Finally although it is quite common to construct group averages from individual subjects with electrophysiological data the average head shape and size is rarely considered even though there is increasing evidence that individual anatomy may play a substantial role in the production of these data The procedures to digitize the electrode positions and collection of head shape information are very similar to those described in the previous tutorial Ifyou have not practiced this tutorial please go back and familiarize yourself with the methods described in that section 1 Movethe subject into a comfortable chair sitting in the upright position The chair should have good back support but should not have any head support to obstruct access to the back of the head A secretary style chair is a good choice You should be able to move easily around the subject so that all electrodes are easily accessible with the digitizing stylus 2 Ifyouare using a FASTRAK digitizer position the magnetic transmitter less than 30 cm from the subject s face Be sure that the orientation of the transmitter is such that the positive X axis isin line of site with the subject s face If y
50. igh quality color images generated in 3DSpaceDx can be easily read and displayed by most current software packages to generate slides and or figures ready for publication ABOUT THIS MANUAL This manual is divided into three sections an installation guide for the 3D Digitizer a tutorials section designed to illustrate the use of the program and a detailed description of the principles of operation The rapid and accurate collection of 3D data from a real subject is a skill that requires both technique and practice Therefore we strongly recommend that you read and carefully follow the tutorials and principles of operation sections before you begin to collect any important data Please refer to the Installation section of the SCAN 4 2 manuals for SCAN system hardware and software installation directions For the remainder of this manual we will assume that all of the necessary hardware and software for Windows and SCAN 4 2 have been successfully installed and that you have a basic understanding of the operations of Windows 98 2000 ME or NT 3DSpaceDx Video Requirements The video requirements in 3 DSpaceDx are increased in relation to the Scan 4 0 version of 3DSpace While most newer video boards should run 3 DSpaceDx without any problems you may find that your older video board is inadequate in some cases 3 DSpaceDx may notrunatall To make maximum 3DSpaceDX 5 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 use of
51. ight by setting the number of degrees rotated with each screen refresh The greater the Spin Rate number the faster the 3D object will spin Electrode labels normal to screen When this field is checked the orientation of the electrode labels will be normal vertical in relation to your perspective Unchecked the orientation of the labels will move with the head and may appear upside down rotated by any number of degrees etc They will be correct only from a top view looking down on the head Window Colors The Window Colors buttons allow you to set independently the Background color of the 3 DSpaceDx display and the Foreground color The foreground color is used for example forthe Electrode Labels When youclick onthe Background or Foreground buttons you will see a standard color display menu If you don t see a color you like you can select one from the Define Custom Color option Mapping Values The Min and Max values are the scale settings for the maps in microvolts The Nearest field is used to determine how many neighboring electrodes are used in the interpolation ofthe surface maps The Cutoff Distance cm define the maximum 3D Euclidean distance to be used in calculating the extent of the map beyond the range of the electrodes In other words itis used to determine the extent of the region to be mapped around the electrodes Typically this value 1s set to be just beyond the average distance between electrodes placed o
52. ill ap pear Enable the Force map to skin color when showing Iso contours option lso contours Step Interval 0 5 W Smooth E Offset 11 025 Wo Use Gradient Colors MM _ Color J COto M E colo lw Force map to skin color when showing so contours Click OK and the click the Iso contour icon al The display should look similar to the following 3DSpaceDX 37 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Coherence Mapping in 3DSpaceDx This section will explain how to map Coherence data in 3DSpaceDx As with the example above you will need to retrieve the data file in EDIT then use 3DSpaceDx to map the results 1 Tocreate 3D maps with coherence data files you must begin with an EEG file where the number of Points is a power of 2 and where you havea TRI file that matches your data file in terms of the number of electrodes and their labels Ifyou do not have a digitizer you can follow the steps in the next section below to create a TRI file that can be used For this example we will use the closed cnt demo file where we have created epochs from 0 1024ms which will provide ausable number of points required for the FFT that 1s performed prior to the coherence computation We have also adapted the DAVE32 3DD file so that it agrees with the data file The remainder of this example assumes you have a COH file anda TRI file that can be used 2 In EDIT retrieve the COH file then click th
53. ill result in better coverage of the head in instances where there are fewer electrodes The above example is for creating the 10 20 system montage but you can of course delete and rename electrodes as you wish to approximate most closely the positioning of your electrodes Ifthe 32 channel file does not fit closely enough then use the 64 channel file and delete the extra electrodes The above steps are obviously not a substitute for digitizing the subject s head where a more precise distribution of electrical activity is the goal Instead they provide a means to display the activity in a general way much in the same manner as the 2D maps This completes the map and display of the neurophysiological data tutorial In this tutorial you learned to Open and display aneurophysiological file e Expand a selected waveform e Move the waveform cursor e Create a triangulated surface froma3DD file e Create a 3D map e Modify an existing 3DD file foruse with systems not having a digitizer Tutorial 4 EXPORTING AND IMPORTING DATA Getting data in and out of the program is an important component of any software package Inthe case of 3DSpaceDx the electrode locations are of particular importance for source analysis software In this tutorial we will illustrate first how to export the data to the Curry source analysis program Next we will perform a basic import ofa data file in ASCII format Exporting data to Curry 1 The Curry source
54. ill see a standard Save File utility Note the same results may be obtained using the Convert 3DD option under Utilities Click the down arrow for Files Types to see the options for saving files 3DSpaceDX 28 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 3DSpace TAI tri SOD Files 3dd 30 Space TAL tri ASCII dat Cury ASS 123 Fornow select the 3 DSpaceDx Files tr1 option enter a file name and path and click Save When you converta 3DD file toa TRI file you will see the following screen appear Surface Generation Options Ed Advanced Parameters Polygars a20 Epsilon Smooth 0 001 m Cancel The Polygons and Smooth fields allow you to set the number ofpolygon surfaces and degree of smoothing forusein TRI file calculations The number of polygons determines the number of facets on the head shape The Smooth field is an iterative setting and determines the number of smoothing passes that are made The greater the number of smoothings the smoother the surface of the head shape willbe The default settings 5120 and 4 typically result in a smooth rendering of the head shape You can increase or decrease these as desired Epsilon sets the convergence criterion used in creating the TRI file The smaller the number the better the convergence or fit Below a certain point the smaller epsilon number will have no additional effect The default 0 001 works well i
55. illsee R N and L appear ina line on the display part of the digitization screen and a check will appear by the Ready field directly under Markers This means youcan move to the Electrodes or Head Shape fields and begin their digitization Y ou mightalso notice that the 3D coordinates X Y and Z of the PAN coordinates will appear in centimeters in the Device status group see below The values of these coordi nates will depend on the number of sensors employed Ifone sensor Isotrak devices is used then the values will be expressed as absolute distance values from the digitizer If four sensors 3DSpaceDX 15 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Fastrak are employed then the distances will be expressed as arelative distance of the stylus from the centroid of the reference plane formed by the three additional sensors Position the stylus button on the Left position on the paper where you drew the triangle and look at the values in the Device Status field Ifthe digitizer is calibrated correctly you should see the following Device Status Sensors 4 10 Y O 4 0 The X coordinate shows 10 cm while Y and Z show zero Then move the stylus to the Right position You should see the following values in the Device Status field with 10 cm forthe X coordinate Device Status Sensors 4 x10 W 0 4 0 Then move the stylus to the Nasion position and you should see the following values Devic
56. ime You should see a 1 by the Left button when the point has been digitized Repeat the same operations for the Nasion and Right preauricular points Ifyou make a mistake you can click the Clear button to start over Y ou can obtain repeated measurements of the 3 points for more precise calculations itis a good ideato digitize the points 3 time each Note that the program will cycle from Left to Nasion to Right repeatedly You also have the option to digitize the Inion and ZVertex ifso desired These points may be used by other source localization software suchas Curry They are notrequired for 3DSpaceDx As you digitize the PAN coordinates you will see the points appear on the screen L R and N You can enlarge the display by clicking the Enlarge icon Exe Your display now may appear similar to the following Fol morte eG a 5 i Hmn O Tah o Penes Hoan G Stylus 3DSpaceDX 21 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 7 Next we will digitize the electrode positions Click the Stylus button at the bottom ofthe Electrodes column Electrodes Previous Reference Stylus The first electrode in your setup file will appear in the top window Digitize each electrode position in the same way that you obtained the PAN coordinate positions Ifyou make a mistake you can use the Next and Previous buttons to step through the electrode sequence and redigitize the electrodes as needed Aft
57. ine Measure Copy Image Ctrl C Save mage Erase Beyond Cut Plane Undo Erase Beyond lb Plane Welete Pointe Mode With the digitzer on andin Digitize mode you may then move the stylus from the 3DSpaceDX 76 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 starting to the ending points of the 3D surface you want to measure Hold the stylus button down while performing the measurement There will beno sounds during the measurement Then look in the lower right hand corner of the 3 DSpaceDx screen On the Status Bar line at the far right you will see two fields with numbers in them 15 0cm 27 0cm The first is the straight line distance incm between the two points and the second in the actual distance traveled incm across the 3D surface This can be useful if you are applying individual electrodes and want to measure the actual distances needed for 10 20 system placements or for locating electrode positions for placement of the caps Erase Beyond Cut Plane Selecting this option will delete unwanted points that lie beyond the boundary of the Cut Plane refer to the Cut Plane section above for more details Undo Erase Beyond Cut Plane Selecting this option will restore points that have been deleted using the Erase Beyond Cut Plane option above only those points from the most immediate use of the Erase Beyond Cut Plane operation may be restored Delete Points Mode The Delete Points Mode is used to remove
58. ing Advanced Coherence Display Polwgons Smooth Ribbon Arc Steps fio 4 Point Editing Lutplane his Scale Factor lie E Color Scale Factor Polygons Smooth These fields allow you to set the number of polygon surfaces and degree of smoothing for use1n TRI file calculations The number of polygons determines the number of facets on the head shape The Smooth fieldis an iterative setting and determines the number of smoothing passes that are made The greater the number of smoothings the smoother the surface of the head shape will be The default settings 5120 and 4 typically resultin a smooth rendering ofthe head shape You can increase or decrease these as desired Ifthe Spinning of the TRI file is particularly slow for example you can improve the performance by decreasing the number of polygons Coherence Display The Coherence Display lets you set the number of segments that are used to construct the coherence links orribbons Too few steps may cut through the head surface whereas more steps will tend to bend around the surface After setting the Ribbon Arc Steps you can us the Scale Factor sliding indicator to decrease toward the left or increase toward the right the width of the ribbons that depict the coherence links Point Editing The Point Editing field lets you vary the Cut Plane Scale Factor and 1s used in conjunction with the Cut Plane editing tool The Scale Factor sets the size of the Cut
59. ions on the display You can control the extent or sensitivity of the snapping by the values that you enter in the theta and phi fields T hetal 0 Phi 10 Valid entries for these fields are from 01 to 10 degrees When theta is set to 10 for example the moving electrode will snap from one position to the next latitudinally in 10 degree steps Similarly when phiis set for 10 the moving electrode will snap from one position to the next longitudinally in 10 degree steps Ifthe Snap to grid field is not checked you can place the electrode at any position It will not snap to the nearest specified position in discrete steps In the lower left hand corner of the screen are some additional electrode setting boxes 3DSpaceDX 63 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Diameter Thickness Offset Label crn crn crm Size hs pe faz f2 The Diameter setting determines how large the electrode display will be n cm when the positions are digitizedor displayed with for example the TRI file The Thickness setting determines the thickness of the displayed electrodes The offset value allows you to move the electrodes out from the head to see the head and maps better The Label Size setting allows you to adjust the size of the electrode labels Surface Generation The Surface Generation screen is displayed below and consists ofthe following fields Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup View
60. lays steps backwards in a continuous process one time point ata time The third one steps back one time point and stops Each time point is displayed on the TRI head The next three buttons work in the same way except that they move the cursor forward through the file The last two buttons are Stop and Record controls The Stop button will stop the automatic sequencing of the cursor in either direction after selecting either the lt lt or gt gt buttons Itwill also halt the movie as itis being created orplayed back The Record button a initiates storage of the movie frames 3DSpaceDX 58 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 To continue with an example position the cursor at the beginning of the major EP components and you will see an indicator in the lower right hand corner of the 3DSpaceDx display showing how far into the epoch the vertical line is placed for example t 0 1160 sec 158850 In this example the line was at 116ms The additional numbers indicate the number of the data point where the vertical line is located In this example the line was at the 158th data point out of 850 total data points Ifthe scaling of the map needs adjusting go to Edit Options Viewing and change the Min and Max values Next click the E button You willbe asked for a file name for the AVI file that you will be creating Enter a name designate the path and click Save By itself the Record bu
61. long as you hold the stylus button down Ifyou have your sound system activated on your PC you will hear the points as they are being acquired Release the button BEFORE youremove the stylus from the head and press the button AFTER you make new contact with the head in order to avoid spurious points being digitized Don t move the stylus too fast You should see the points appearing on the display in 3 DSpaceDx along with your actual movements about the head Ifyou move the stylus faster than the data transfer can manage you will lose points and have to make more passes over the same area Below is an example of the right facial area Note that you can change the orientation of the head using the Toolbar icons to get different perspectives 3DSpaceDX 24 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Below is a view of the right side of the head following digitization The final head shape may appear similar to the following The different colors in this example are the result of the Cut Plane position Points behind and in front of the Cut Plane have different colors described in more detail below 3DSpaceDX 25 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 9 Editing spurious points Ifyou are new to digitizing you will likely digitize errant points by mistake This can easily happen if you pull the stylus away from the head while the button is still being pressed There are two ways to
62. lready seen the list of options accessed from the right mouse button Measure Copy Image Ctrl E Save Image Erase Beyond Cut Plane Unde Brase Beyond hub Plane Delete Ponte Mode Selectthe Erase Beyond Cut Plane line and the unwanted points will beremoved Ifyou made a mistake click the right button again and select the Undo Erase Beyond Cut Plane line The other unwanted string of points in the figure above may be removed in the same way 3DSpaceDX 27 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Alternatively you can delete the bad points one at atime Click the right mouse button in the digitization screen and see the following list of options Selectthe Delete Points Mode Measure Copy Image Ctrl C Save Image Erase Bepona lub Plane Undo Erase Berana cut lane Delete Points Mode The appearance of digitized points will change slightly Position the mouse cursor over a bad point and click the left mouse button to remove it Remove all unwanted points this way When you are finished click the right mouse button again and disable the Delete Points Mode 10 Now that you have the head shape digitized and corrected the next step is to create a triangulated rendering This is also an opportunity to save the file in whatever forms may be needed The file types are discussed more thoroughly in the Import and Export tutorial below Exit digitizer mode Click the File Save As line and you w
63. ments of the Left and Right preauricular points and the Nasion Together these are referred to as the PAN markers Position the stylus at the left preauricular point and click the stylus button Ifyou have the sound system activated on your PC you should hear atone when you press the stylus button You should see the 0 change to a 1 beside the Left field Repeat the process to obtain the Nasion and Right positions A check mark will appear in the Ready field above Atthis point you may digitize the electrode positions or head shape however the accurate measurement of the PAN coordinates 1s very important Werecommend that you repeat the sequence of measurement of the points at least 3 times The program will automatically go back to the Left point after your obtain the Right one for thisreason The average of the points will be calculated and stored If you wish to obtain the Inion or ZVertex click either button with the mouse then digitize the point as usual pen CZ Finder The ZVertex button can also be used in the automatic CZ Finder routine For this option the audio part of your PC should be enabled Find the PAN coordinates as described above Then click the Z Vertex button Move the cursor in the vicinity of CZ on the subject s head When you are close to CZ within about 1 cm you will hear a continuous hum buzz from your computer This is auseful landmark for placing the CZ electrode or for insuring that the cap is position
64. mpling A second method is to use the Cut Plane editing tool To use the Cut Plane tool click on its icon from the Toolbar Cl Y ou will see a square appear around the head shape you are creating The directions for controlling the Cut Plane tool are presented in detail earlier in this tutorial Itis mentioned there that the color of the digitized points will change depending on which side of the Cut Plane they fall By angling the Cut Plane in different orientations and by moving the Cut Plane and watching the points change color you can get an idea ofregions that may be undersampled 3DSpaceDX 30 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 This last step completes the electrode and head shape tutorial In this tutorial you learned to e Position the subject receivers and transmitter e Load a setup file e Digitize the PAN markers e Digitize the electrode positions e Digitize the head shape e Use the Cut Plane Tutorial 3 MAPPING NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL DATA This tutorial illustrates how to generate 3 dimensional maps and movies from the neurophysiological data A recording ofa visual evoked potential with 128 channels and corresponding electrode and head shape 1s included inthe Demo subdirectory We will use this data set to illustrate the mapping capabilities of 3DSpaceDx For these operations 3 DSpaceDx and the EDIT offline analysis program are linked Data files are retrieved in EDIT a particular point of inter
65. n most instances You will see a series of operations be calculated on the Status Bar at the bottom ofthe 3DSpaceDx screen Surface transforms Equilibrating surface etc When it stops the tri file has been calculated and saved File Dioitize Wie 11 To view the tri file close the 3DD file then click the File Open option Eose A standard Open Files utility will appear Selectthe file you just saved and click Open You will see the results of the triangulation rendering 3DSpaceDX 29 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Enlarge rotate and spin the head as desired using the icons on the Toolbar def El Bich te 535 9 and aloja al el You may also display the color scale electrodes labels axes etc using other icons a Iji E a E The functions ofall ofthe icons are described in the Operating 3DSpaceDx section ofthe manual However holding the mouse over any ofthe icons will give a brief description of what the button does and the functions are fairly self evident when you try them When acquiring acomplete head shape a2 dimensional projection of 3 dimensional points often can present problems with the viewing of points at different planes or depths There are two ways to help visualize these points One method is to use the Spin and different View icons By spinning the head around or by looking at it from different angles you can get an idea of which sections need more sa
66. n the scalp 2 3cm The more electrodes you have the smaller the distance will be Ifyou are mapping with relatively fewer electrodes such as 32 instead of 128 you may need to increase the Distance value to avoid patches where the map does not cover On the other hand if you find that the maps are extending down into the neck area you should try decreasing the Distance value There are two other mapping options The Use Spherical Interpolation option when enabled uses a similar interpolation procedure as used in EDIT Global interpolation method see the Mapping options section near the end of the EDIT manual for more details where the differences are due to the 3D versus 2D surfaces Ifnot enabled maps are computed using the Local or Linear method The Limit interpolation to N nearest electrodes option when enabled will limitthe interpolation to the N number of neighboring electrodes you specify in the Nearest field above Iso contours The Iso contour section allows you to display contour lines along points with equal voltages Y ou may control several iso contour line parameters using the options listed below 3DSpaceDX 67 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 lso conbours Step Interval 0 5 Smooth 3 Offset 11 025 Wo Use Gradient Colors BE Coon OColor T MM Color T lw Force map to skin color when showing lso contours Step Interval The Step Interval me
67. ose option closes the file currently being displayed Save As The Save As option opens a standard Save As utility screen Depending on the type of file you have open you will see the option to save the file as one of the following types 3DSpace TAI tri Curry ASS 5 123 Curry RES rez el These are described above under Open The Open and Save As options can be used to convert files from one type to another For example you may retrieve a 3DD and save itas a TRI file This performs the same conversion asthe Convert 3DD option under Utilities rs3 rs3 files are used by Curry 4 This option appears only when you are saving a 3DD file Exit Exits the 3DSpaceDx program Digitize Record The Digitize menu consists oftwo options fi Surface Record The option is used when you are ready to digitize the various points from the subject s head Make sure your digitizer 1s already connected and on before going into 3DSpaceDx After you click the Record option you should see the following screen You should also see the light on the front of the Fastrak blink about 5 times as itis being configured Digitizer intialization Please wart while digitizer is configured for recording Ifyou see any other messages then there is a problem either with the communication between the devices or with the digitizer itself After the digitizer is configured you will see a display on the right side of the sc
68. ou are using the ISOTRAK II digitizer you must employ some method to keep the position of the head and the transmitter fixed in space One method 1s to mount the transmitter on a plastic pedestal above the subject s head Velcro strips sewn into the electrode cap can be used to connect to the plastic pedestal Another method is to immobilize the head in a chin rest and or bite bar The transmitter and the chin rest are then fixedin space The second method requires a cooperative subject who does not move during digitization The FASTRAK is the preferred device since it employes the most freedom of movement and access to the electrodes and head 3 Position the three receivers FASTRAK only on the subject s head forming a triangle One receiver should be placed at each temple and the third should be placed near the inion Ifan electrode cap is used the receivers can be attached witha Velcro strip sewn into the cap Ifit is not possible to use the electrode cap a head band with Velcro strips can be used 4 The first thing youneed to dois to select a setup file or other file containing the electrode label information In 3DSpaceDx click on Edit then the Options line or click the Program Options 3DSpaceDX 18 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Edit Utilities Help icon _ OF B ption 5 You will see the Options display There are 5 tabs Electrode Setup Surface Generation Digitizer Setup Viewing and Advan
69. ptions Select the Delete Points Mode The appearance of the digitized head shape points will change slightly in color With the left mouse button click on the unwanted points to remove them Ifyou have your PC s audio system on you will hear it beep as you delete the points See also the Cut Plane feature The Cut Plane is used to delete whole sections of unwanted points Utilities The Utilities section allows you to merge electrode files with head shape files convert 3DD files to TRI or other types of files and to average multiple TRI files into a single one Merge Electrodes The Merge Electrodes option allows you to merge or add a file with electrode position information typically a3DD file toa working file With a working 3DD file displayed select the Merge Electrodes option An Open File utility will appear Select the 3DD file with the desired electrode position information and click Open to merge the information 3DSpaceDX 69 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 This is useful during digitization when for example you digitize the PAN coordinates and the head shape information with the cap off and then save that file Let s say you then place the cap back on with the same receiver locations and digitize the PAN coordinates again precisely along with the electrode position data and save that file You may then retrieve the first 3DD file with headshape information and merge the electrode posi
70. pyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 default the Clear button is also highlighted by default Position the stylus on the Left position on your calibration drawing and click the Stylus button once Ifthe sound system on your PC is functioning you should hear a beep The Left position is digitized and the Nasion button is highlighted After digitizing the Nasion digitize the Right position Youshouldsee 1 s inthe fields beside the three buttons Markers e Ready Clear 1 Masion a Se Stylus Although the digitization device is highly accurate we have found that in practice users vary in their ability to reliably place the stylus at the same location to locate the markers Itis advis able in normal digitizing circumstances therefore to make repeated measurements of the PAN coordinates The group median is computed each time a point is collected Computation of the median has the effect of removing the erroneous points When digitizing areal subject we recommend digitizing each marker at least three times Accurate and repeatable localization of the PAN coordinates 1s critical because these points are used as areference plane for all subsequently digitized points Therefore after digitizing the Right point the program will automatically highlight the Left button again in case you wish to repeat the measurements For this tutorial you may repeat them if you wish After marking the Right point you w
71. r more details Coherence Display Ribbon Arc Steps f 0 Scale Factor Mapping in 3DSpaceDx in Systems Without 3D Digitizers The following steps demonstrate how to map evoked potential data in 3 DSpaceDx in systems without a3D digitizer The ideais to use an existing file with head shape data in it modify that file so thatthe electrodes agree with those in your data file and then map your data on that head Note There is a feature in the EDIT program in version 4 2 that allows you to map your AVG file data on a generic 3D head without the need for 3DSpaceDx That may be adequate for many needs and is much easier than the steps listed below The 3DSpaceDx program offers some additional features that are not available in EDIT such as changing skin color background color movies and so forth File Digitize Wie 1 In3DSpaceDx click the option and open the DAVE32 3dd file Then select the Eose File Digitize Wie Oper Ease Save As option under File Select the ASCII dat File Type and Save the Dave32 Exit fileas an ascii file 3DSpaceDX 40 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Al ci File name dave32 Save as Ippe fasc dat Cancel es 2 Go to your text editor Wordpad for example and bring up the dat file you created The first part of this file has a list of the electrodes these will have a code of 69 and the label will be display
72. reen Then you will see the following screen 3DSpaceDX 50 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Digitizer Active Device Status sensors 4 AD 15 Y 15 4212 Head shape Points Electrodes rol I Of 33 Recording Mode T amp Stylus Previous Reference Beginning with SCAN 4 2 you can access this screen even if you have no digitizer connected In that case the Device Status field will read HY feW atte hia rl The screen is divided into 4 sections Device Status Markers Electrodes and Head Shape Device Status This region gives information about the status of your digitizer Ifyou have a Polhemus Fastrak you should see 4 sensors and the X Y and Z coordinates of the stylus tip Markers The initial step in the digitization process is to digitize the structural landmarks These points are used when combining these data with other data for source localization analyses as with Curry Five landmarks are possible Left preauricular Nasion Right preauricular Inion and ZVertex or Cz 3DSpaceDx requires only the first three the others are there 1f you wish to obtain them The location of the Nasion and Preauricular points are shown in the diagram below 3DSpaceDX 51 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Preaurcul point E CC a x I oer r F e a 4 i E ao per r T The program is set for repeated measure
73. row located to the right of the number A list box will appear Select 57600 and clickthe OK button to modify the communications values Bits per second S600 T Data bits Ha Parity Mone The Communication Properties dialog box will disappear and the System Properties dialog box willreappear Click on the OK button to close this dialog box The host computer 1s now configured for 57K baud transmission rates 2 Check that the number of receivers for your digitization unit is set correctly Ifyou purchased the FASTRAK digitizer the number ofreceivers should be set to four The settings switches on the front of the unit should all be On Three of the receivers receivers 2 4 are 3DSpaceDX 9 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 used to form areference plane and the position of the stylus receiver 1 is computed relative to this plane Consult the FASTRAK manual to set the number of receivers to four Ifyou purchased the ISOTRAK II the number of receivers should be set to two 3 3DSpaceDx installation The last steps are to enter the necessary settings within 3DSpaceDx Click on the 3 DSpaceDx icon A from the Scan 4 2 Program Launcher 2 Scan 4 2 and the main screen will appear Idle CI File Digitize thew Flap Edit UO tihtbies Help For Help pre FA Z Edit Utilities Help Click on the Edit Options menu item ME and select the Digitizer Setup tab Eataan
74. s set to the off position For both devices remove the power cable from the transformer and plug the circular DIN type connector into the connector labeled POWER on the back ofthe device Now plug the power cable into the back of the transformer and the other end into the wall socket CAUTION Never plug the DIN connector into the device with power applied to the transformer Damage to the device may occur 5 Attach the 3 additional receivers FASTRAK only Attach the three additional receivers These receivers are used to form a reference plane on the head or object to be digitized Ifthe device was purchased directly from Neuro Scan the cables will be tied together to form a harness Plug these connectors in TWO THREE and FOUR 6 Check the serial communication parameters on the digitizer The digitizer should be set for 57 6 Kilobaud 8 bits 1 stop bit no parity The appropriate switch settings can be found in the user manual of the device If you purchased the digitizer from Neuro Scan the switches have likely been preset however itis a good idea to check them to make sure SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 1 Check the serial communication parameters on the host computer Ifthe host computer is running under Windows 95 98 it may be necessary to configure the serial port to handle the 57 6 K baud rate required by the digitizer To check and or change the baud rate to these settings click onthe 4 Start button and selectthe Settings
75. s and their 2D coordinates are displayed on the screen in graphic and text formats These are the electrodes that will be used when you digitize the electrode positions Click the button to the right of the Electrode File display field and a standard Open File utility will appear Then click the down arrow by the Files of Type field to geta list of possible file types to use 3DSpaceDX 61 Copyright O 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Scan 4 0 Setup ast Scan 4 0 Setup ast Scan 3 0 Setup set Selectthe file you want and click Open Alternatively you can click onthe down arrow bythe Configuration field This will open a pull down menu that has all of the same options with some additional ones 10 2081 10 2019 Custom bad Ifyou select one ofthe first 3 options Use Setup Use EST or Use TRI you will get the same Open File utility described above The 10 20x19 and 10 20x81 are preset files using the traditional and revised 10 20 system labels and placements Ifyou choose Custom you can create your own custom setup In the figure below the CAP32 ast file was selected A list ofthe electrodes and their theta phi coordinates described below 1s displayed in the window under the Configuration field 30 00 108 00 30 00 72 00 F4 64 00 50 30 C3 45 00 180 00 C4 45 00 0 00 Ps 64 00 230 90 Pa 64 00 309 10 01 30 00 252 00 Oe 30 00 258 00 FF 30 00 144 00 Fo 30 00 56 00 TS 30 00 180
76. s exit and restart the program after checking this Color bits per pixel fi E box Depth bits per pe fi E WARNING Checking this box may Improve pertormance on systems Alter changing any of the above wath appropriate hardware Items you must esit and restart the however such drivers may be program to activate the changes NOTE If the driver reports VA AM andor bits per pisel values the reported values will be used The Use Accelerated Drivers option may be enabled to improve performance As stated on the diplay the drivers may be unreliable and are enabled at your ownrisk The Approximate VRAM field displays the amount of memory video RAM detected on the graphics card Memory 1s proportional to the amount of screen resolution Color bits per pixel corresponds to the number of colors available It should always be 16 Depth bits corresponds to the number of bits available for shading Itshould also besetto 16 The only time you should enter a different value is ifthe video card 1s not registered on DirectX as determined by the DXdiagnose program Windows 98 only Copy The Copy command copies the 3 DSpaceDx display to the clipboard where you may Paste it into other software applications Delete Points The Delete Points Mode is used to remove unwanted digitized points one ata time from 3DD files Afterretrieving the 3DD file select the Delete Points option or click the right mouse button to access additional o
77. t to stop blinking before 3DSpaceDX 13 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Digitize View M youproceed Click the Digitize Record option issue or the Digitize icon ra A dialog box Fit Stree will appear shown below indicating that the 3DSpaceDx device is initializing Depending on the type of device this process should require between 5 to 10 seconds On the FASTRAK or ISOTRAK models a LED indicator will blink periodically until the device is ready Digitizer intialization Please wait while digitizer is configured for recording 6 3DSpaceDx uses a preauricular nasion PAN reference plane for the collection ofall points The location of these points on the head is described in greater detail in the electrode and head shape tutorial In this example we will use the measured points see diagram above marked Left Right and Nasion to model these points Shown below is the Digitizer control dialog box The dialog box contains four groups of information Device status Markers Electrodes and Head Shape Digitizer Active Device Status censors 4 15 W 15 Ja harkers Electrodes a Ready Head shape Points RECorong Woe RETerente amp Stylus f Style sti Inthe Markers group are buttons corresponding to the three points ofthe PAN reference plane plus the Inion and ZVertex The Stylus button under the Markers section should be selected by 3DSpaceDX 14 Co
78. tant data Most of the critical aspects of data acquisition are explained in these two tutorials Tutorial 1 CALIBRATION This tutorial will illustrate how to test your newly configured system It should only be necessary to check the system occasionally Itis also recommended that you perform a system check ifanything that might affect operation has changed such as installing a new computer or recording in anew environment The simplest way to check the system is to digitize some object of known size and shape Perhaps the easiest method is to draw a measured figure ona piece of paper Follow these steps to perform a quick check of the system 1 Ona sheet of paper mark off a triangle measuring 20 cm at its base and 10 cm in height see below 3DSpaceDX 11 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Masion Left Right prsaun cular H er preauricar This triangle will represent the left and right preauricular and nasion points These points serve as landmarks and areference frame for the 3DSpaceDx program Affix this figure onto the top ofa wooden or nonmetallic surface with tape 2 Move the transmitter mounted on the tripod so that X axis of the transmitter is projecting toward the edge of the table see below cord cord transmitter on tripod o nasion transmitter fon tripod CLOSE UP 3 FASTRAK only Position the three receivers 2 4 somewhere near the three points of the triangle
79. te 53 3 9 For Help press F1 ve 3DSpaceDX 47 Copyright O 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 3dd files 3DD files contain the raw digitized PAN electrode position and head shape point locations 3DD files may be converted to TRI files by using the Convert 3dd option under Utilities or the Save As option as described below Anexample ofa3DD file is shown below this is the mac 3DD demo file Editing C 5can4 Examples M ac 3dd 0 Fille Digitize View Map Edit Utilities Help sje E 1 aloja aj el we For Help press Fl dat files DAT files are text files that contain PAN coordinate electrode position and label centroid and head shape information An example is given inthe Import Exporttutorial above res files RES files are text files used by Curry and contain PAN coordinate and electrode position information An example is given inthe Import Exporttutorial above RS3 files are used by Curry 4 see the RS3 file section below under Save As elp files ELP files are text files used by BESA and contain theta phi and w electrode position information 3DSpaceDX 48 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Mouse and Keyboard Display Controls Once you have retrieved a TRI file you can spin rotate resize it and so forth using the Toolbar icons as described in the Toolbar section below these controls function with TRI files butnot3DD files Ther
80. terval allows you to enter how far apart in microvolts values the lines will be In the above example lines ofequal potentiality will be drawn every 0 5 micro volts 3DSpaceDX 36 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Smooth Youmay elect to smooth the lines or not click the box to the left of Smooth to enable smoothing so that a check mark appears The number in the right box determines the degree of smoothing larger numbers mean greater smoothing see the Operating 3DSpaceDx section for more details Offset The Offset option allows you to have the lines drawn directly on the head surface 1 0 outside the head surface greater than 1 0 or inside the head surface less than 1 0 Use Gradient colors If youuse gradient colors you can differentiate positive negative and zero voltage by assigning different colors With the option off no check mark all the lines will be black When enabled you may then select a color for positive negative and zero voltage Force map to skin color when showing Iso contours This will display the skin areas using the default skin color over riding any changes to the skin color you may have made Asanexample leave the Step Interval at 0 5 enable Smoothing witha factor of 3 and Set the offset for 1 025 Enable Gradient Colors with red for positive voltages white for the line of zero potentiality and blue for negative voltages Check all three Colors so they all w
81. th this manual and the operation of the device is required before proceeding with the steps listed below CAUTION All Polhemus devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge ESD Be sure to take precautions when following the instructions listed below Power should not be applied to the device until so instructed 3DSpaceDX 6 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 1 Attach the serial communication cable A 10 foot serial communication cable is provided One end ofthe cable should be plugged into serial communications port COM 1 or COM2 The other end should be plugged into the 9 pin connector labeled RS 232 on the digitization unit 2 Attach the transmitter The transmitter is a plastic cube roughly 2 on all sides witha long cable and connector attached With the power off plug in and firmly screw the transmitter cable into the connector labeled transmitter The transmitter should be attached to the head of an aluminum tripod supplied with the system 3 Attach the stylus The digitizing stylus is apen like device witha long cable and connector attached Plug in and firmly screw the stylus cable into the connector labeled Receiver ONE The stylus must at all times occupy the firstreceiver position Other positions will resultin erroneous data 4 Attach the power cable On the FASTRAK and ISOTRAK II devices an external transformer is provided On the FASTRAK make sure the power switch on the back panel i
82. tion 3DD file with it Convert 3DD The Convert 3 DD option is used to convert 3DD files into different forms It operates as a stand alone utility you do not need to retrieve a file to convert it The same conversion may be accomplished by retrieving a file clicking Save As and designating the file type Click on the Files Convert 3DD line anda standard Open Files utility screen will appear Go to the desired directory and select the 3DD file that you wish to convert then click Open A Save As utility will appear Click the pull down menu at the end of the Save as type line and select the type of file you want the 3DD file converted to The file type options are 3DSpace TAI tri a S00 Files 3dd DSpace TAI tril Curry ASS 5 123 Curry RES rez BESA ELF elp 3dd tri dat rs3 res and elp files These are described in detail above and in the Import Export tutorial above Briefly TRI files display the digitized points in arealistic head shape ASCII files are text files that may be edited or imported into other programs and RS3 and RES files are used by Curry Curry 4 uses RS3 files these may be created from 3DD files butnot from TRI files After clicking the Save button you can monitor the progress of the conversion in the Status Barat the bottom ofthe 3 DSpaceDx main screen When you converta 3DD file toa TRI file you will see the following screen appear Surface Generation Options
83. to give that window the focus The Up and Down arrow keys can be used to enlarge or reduce the size of the TRI file or graphics in the digitizer display screen The left andright arrow keys perform the same operation as grabbing the head with the Right mouse button and moving itleftand right CTRL arrow keys Youcanalso change perspectives by using the combination of the CTRL key and the arrow keys Using CTRL the left or right arrow keys gives changing perspectives from a camera lens view with some peripheral distortion Note that the direction of the head movement with respect to the keys pressed 1s opposite Thatis because itis the orientation of you the camera lens viewer that is changing rather than the object viewed The CTRL up or down arrow keys shift position of the camera lens view down or up respectively Shift arrow keys The combination of the Shift and up or down arrow keys has the same effect as dragging the head up and down with the right mouse button 3DSpaceDX 49 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 Note The mouse and arrow keys have similar functions with objects on the digitizer display screen When Editing it may be useful to use a combination of zoom and position operations to isolate bad points then use the Cut Plane Editing tool to remove them All of the keyboard options may be used with a 3DD file however some are not operational with other types of files Close The Cl
84. tton does not initiate recording Like a tape recorder you need to click the Record and Play buttons After clicking the Record button and entering the file name then click the gt gt button You will seethe cursor step through the data file one point at atime with the corresponding map showing in the 3DSpaceDx display You should set the perspective and scaling before you begin the recording You can change these while the movie is being saved but realize that whatever you see on the screen 1s what will be saved When the cursor reaches the end of the major EP components click the ll to stop the cursor The file is still open and you move the cursor to a different time point and resume storage to the same file if desired When you are through click the ll button if you were using the automatic play buttons and then unclick the E button to close the file To view the movie you created use the Play Movie option described below Playback Selecting the Playback option gives access to alternate controls for the recording ofthe movie These have the same functions as the icon controls described above Play Movie After you have created a movie use the Play Movie option to play it back You will see an Open File utility through which you may select the movietoreplay Retrieve the one that you created above if you are following the example You willsee the beginning frame ofthe movie 3DSpaceDX 59 Copyright O 2001 Neurosoft In
85. x display You will also see a second display with the waveforms init Itwill appear in a butterfly fashion where C scan4 1 Demo Macfcon avg loj x all the waveforms are superimposed on each other To change the display to individual waveforms click the right mouse button in the display andthenclickthe Stacked option You will see the individual wave forms as ina Single Window Display 3DSpaceDX 57 Copyright 2001 Neurosoft Inc Revision B Document 2201 D Scant Examples Macf cen arg a et et Click the Stacked option again to return to the butterfly display Note that there is a vertical line that may be moved in the display This marks the beginning point of the movie you wantto create Set it with the left mouse button at the beginning of the evoked response components for example as in the figure above That time pointis then displayed on the TRI file head You may alter the viewing perspective size scale etc as you would under other circumstances Movie Controls Notice also that a new set of control buttons have appeared These are similar to the controls on a tape recorder The first three move the selected time point cursor I lt lt lt gt gt gt gt 1 il IE backwards The first button returns the vertical cursor to the first time point The next one p

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