T H E R M O P T I M ® PSYCHROMÉTRIC CHARTS
Contents
1. 11 11 SV IS E D E tra eee 11 EE de Mai intel ct ee dose 11 COMPOUND GAS EDOR sste nee een ee de 12 Load nea CAST Om Nedala DANSE een een ta sera ee ue elec 13 CAN COMPOSI NON usa esi ncaa eae ana ni cua 13 CUON O a NEW OOS N Mein 13 PUIG o gas UACHONS Of INC COS AUOT sn din E A E OE 13 PORO E EE 14 PRINTING SESSIONS A it tae Mate at Ou 14 E CHIE ead ech its A Reset 14 SCS SLOW ta ett TS A a teria es ates a ra one asad Un 14 SELECTION OF ISOVALUES FOR THE PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS rennes 14 Foyalnes SCUCCIION sete sae iti iusto Sct roi 15 Building a library of 16 Non convergence of inversion algorithms siens 16 SELECTING ISOVALUE CURVE DISP AN a dr 17 GICQUEL 1998 2011 All rights reserved This document may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the author s express written permission except for the personal licensee s use and solely in accordance with the contractual terms indicated in the software license agreement Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the author THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Man2. software be faced with convergence problems when it tries to solve equations Such messages Cancel may be shown Could you please suggest bounds of the solution You may either answer OK and provide the temperature interval bounds for each calculation which 1s tedious or click on Cancel which 15 faster If you want to avoid this unpleasant situation begin by letting the software automatically calculate an isovalue set consistent with the parameter settings and choose your own isovalues with values comprised between the limits of the values displayed or modify your chart s parameter settings mainly the minimum et maximum temperatures so that the calculated values more or less correspond to your choices THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 17 Cycle Gas Editor Selecting isovalue curve display Saturation curve Relative humidity Menu View allows you to select the isovalue curves which are displayed on Temperature the screen Wet bulb temperature Specific volume Only those isovalues whose name is checked are plotted If for instance you check only the saturation curve relative humidity and wet bulb temperature the chart looks as follows specific enthalpy klike Psychrometric Chart air pressure 1 01325 bar 120 el el el el el 100 40 20 fof fe ef et eK eK E 0 0
3. Export Create a humid gas Print Cancel saves the gas If the sum differs you have left undetermined a fraction value see above from 1 nothing is done except if renamed by clicking on Save as The test on the sum of the fractions 1s made and the gas saved with the new name that you have entered exported by clicking on Export The gas composition is then copied in a text file that you name and that you can open with a spreadsheet or a text editor For instance the previous gas can be exported with the following format THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 14 you can also create from the gas displayed in the editor a moist THERMOPTIM INTERACTIVE CHART Copyright 1998 R GICQUEL gas of a given absolute humidity Compound gas file June 21 1999 4 54 30 o clock To do that click on Create a humid gas The software asks qaz_briles ICC you to enter the gas name and Mumber of components f absolute humidity requested name molar fraction mass fraction then creates a new compound 2 0 1152211 0 1264576 gas whose dry gas is the same as 2 0 754037 0 724501 that of the gas displayed in the O 05062008 0 05127836 editor and with the given 2 0 074967 76 0 113195 absolute humidity This gas 15 0029 2094 0 00284576 added to the list of compound 2 0 000961 04
4. If you press one of the keyboard arrows a red target appears and is moved in one of the four cardinal directions by an increment equal to 1 1000 of the horizontal or vertical scale depending on the arrow key used The point properties are recalculated so that you can gradually get closer to the desired point By changing the chart scale as indicated in the section entitled Changing the axes layout you can change the displacement sensitivity As soon as the red target appears the mouse click is disabled and the target can only be moved by the keyboard arrows To take control again on the cursor you can either press the Escape key The red target disappears and is displayed again only when you press one of the arrows close to the location you last clicked the mouse If you have not clicked since it disappeared it appears where it previously was double click which creates a point see below positionned on the target Enter the point name then click on OK precise point Cancel Point creation To create a point double click at the requested location A dialog frame asks you to enter a name to identify the point ur VA Once the point is named it is displayed on the screen in the form of a little cross and its label THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 You can open an editor which allows you to modify the point and recalculate it To do substance Tempel that select the menu
5. Watch out if the automatic scale checkbox is selected your values will be replaced by those that the software will calculate When you are done with your modifications click on OK to save the new layout or on Cancel to go back to the previous values Other chart parameters By selecting the menu item parameters of menu Chart you may modify either the pressure used for building the psychrometric chart or the bounds of the calculation interval for dry bulb temperatures As a matter of fact as the chart is continuously recalculated either ten iso values per property are automatically plotted as a function of the working interval defined by the user in order to obtain a good readability or the iso values plotted are those defined by the user see section Selection of the isovalues The minimum and maximum values of the calculation interval for dry bulb temperatures are in addition used by the cycle point editor to get the possible bounds of the various thermodynamical properties used as data If you enter a value which is out of limits the calculation 15 impossible and a message warns you that you attempt to calculate a value which cannot be reached The solution is therefore either to modify the requested value or to change the temperature interval Lastly you can edit the composition of the gas for which the chart is built To do this select the checkbox Show the gas composition of the parameter window The gas composition
6. in order to be subsequently processed either by the software or by a spreadsheet or a text editor To do that select the menu item Save the cycle of menu Cycle A dialog window allowing you to name the file is shown Name it and click on Save to save the cycle Loading a cycle You can import in the software either for displaying it or to process it a cycle which has been saved previously or created in another working environment To do that you just have to configure a data file structured as below In this example the file has been created by the software but any file structured similarly can be read and processed The line separator is the Enter character and the column separator the tabulation THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 12 The two first lines are not taken into account but they must exist The third one provides various information here the cycle is in colour and has been saved in a universal way 1 with the english format THERMOPTIM INTERACTIVE CHART Copyright 1998 2002 GICQUEL Cycle file May 2 2002 2 15 11 o clock PM CEST lang fr color true saveUniv true Cycle Title Air conditioning cycle Description This cycle represents an air conditioning cycle Selected gas air pressure bar 1 01325 Number of points point name dry bulb temperature C specific humidity relative humidity specific enthalpy kJ kg wet bulb temperature C specific volume m3 kg
7. outside air 35 0 02887 0 9 109 16173 31 81369 0 91371 mixed air 31 7 0 02187 0 73691 87 7524 27 66855 0 89419 cooled air 6 0 002 0 34774 11 03404 0 9098 0 79353 2 supply 16 0 002 0 17887 21 08903 6 27336 0 62195 internal air 24 0 00554 0 3 38 14015 13 70006 0 64946 M Couleurs des traits du graphique 0 The fourth and fifth lines give in second column the cycle title and a comment describing it If the first column cells are empty these informations are not read The sixth line first column must include a text in which appears the name of the substance used in order to warn the user if the substance selected for the chart is not the same as that for which the cycle has been calculated The pressure 15 indicated as a reminder but it is not read The seventh line first column must be a non empty text and the second one the number of points The eighth line is not taken into account but it must exist The following lines give the name and the values of the points in the order given in the above example name dry bulb temperature specific humidity relative humidity specific enthalpy wet bulb temperature specific volume The two last lines define the cycle color with a RGB coding Any file structured similarly can be read by the software To import a cycle file select the menu item Load a cycle of menu Cycle A dialog window allows you to select the file If some points have already been created or if another cycle
8. 005 0 01 0 015 0 02 0 025 0 03 0 035 specific humidity kg kg THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011
9. has been loaded a message warns you If you cancel existing points are not modified and the cycle is not loaded If you continue the loading the existing points are suppressed and replaced by the new ones Compound gas editor The software includes a compound gas editor which we rapidly presented when introducing the definition of a new gas In this section we shall give details on the different possibilities of this editor as well as on the functions of menu Gas Editor We have explained previously how a compound gas can be defined or modified We shall present here the available functions for saving suppressing exporting or importing compound gases in the software data base You can open several compound gas editors at the same time and the gases which they display are not necessarily the one which corresponds to the psychrometric chart The three first lines of menu Gas Editor operate in the same way as the actions available in the parameter screen THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 13 Loading gas from the data base The first line opens the pure and compound gas selection window in which you select new gas whose chart 15 then plotted Displaying the gas composition EL Select the gas then click on OK The second line allows you to display the composition of the EN Compound gases selected gas i air_atmosph rique i air_humide Creation of a new gas ait injection clean_gas
10. to the second location If you keep on moving in the right direction the relative humidity column is shifted in turn and so on After two moves you get the following result The two first figure columns from the left define the input state vari pointname specific humid precise point 0 015947 0 74976 25 986616 THERMOPTIM interactive charts make use of this editor property to specify the input variables used when a point 15 calculated the two first figure columns from the left are considered by the software as designing the known state variables from which the other thermodynamic properties are calculated Suppose that you wish to calculate point with a relative humidity equal to 70 and a dry temperature of 33 C Enter these values in the corresponding cells making sure to indicate that the cell editing is finished by pressing enter or clicking in another cell Click then on button Recalculate located in the lower right part of the editor The point is recalculated and the values displayed The two first figure columns from the left define the input state variables for the calculations pointname dry bulb temper relative humidity specific humid specific enthal wet bulb temp specific wolu precise point 33 a 0 022391 4 40 45 71 4 128 25233 0 395704 If you wish the point with a dry temperature of 33 C and an absolute humidity of 0 022 kg kg move the absolute humidity column in second or third
11. 6 64946E 05 gases of the data base You get 0 00120959 00015 43 access to it by the previous screens lastly if you cancel the compound gas editor is closed Importing a gas As you can export a gas in the form of a text file it is possible to import one by selecting the menu item Import a gas of menu Gas Editor The file format must be the same as that which is used for export files The data which are read are the following the second cell of the fourth and fifth lines which give the name of the gas and the number of constituents and the three first cells of lines seven and next depending on the number of constituents which give their names and molar and mass fractions The first cells of the fourth and fifth lines are not read but must not be blank Lines 1 to 3 and 6 must also exist and not be blank Printing a chart end of session Printing a chart Printing a chart can be done either from the menu item Print of menu File or by the keyboard accelerator Control P A printer selection screen is then displayed End of session To quit the application you can do it either from the menu item Quit of menu File either using the keyboard accelerator Control Q A confirmation screen is displayed The environnement parameters are automatically saved Selection of isovalues for the psychrometric charts Psychrometric charts can be used for a large variety of dry gases in any temperature intervals an
12. THERMOPTIMae PSYCHROMETRIC CHARTS USER S MANUAL CONTENTS PSYCHROMETRIC CHART USER S MANDAL 3 OVERAELPRESENTATIONS RE 3 THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SUBSTANCES 3 INTERNATIONALISATION NUMBER FORMATTING ccccesccssccesecsccecccucessccusecusessceusecusessceuseeesessseuseeeseeees 4 CHART USE DISPLAY AND RECALCULATION OF A POINT cccscccseccsccessceceseeucsessceeceeecseseseesescsesssesesees 4 USINE CV DOT an in on ce ai ie 4 444 4 9 Ne 4 CUSTOMIZING THE WORKING ENVIRONNEMENT cccsccceeccecccsceescecncceseceeeceescsessceueceescsesesesesesceeseseesees 6 COS SCLC 4 101 nn tetes etes acte et dede se SC CCHOMOS CHAT AN DE ier er ans Diane 8 CHOOSING TC TS 8 Modifying drawing and screen background colors 8 STA VOUT EEE EEE EE E EEEN 9 OUCH CHAR parameters ennemi 9 CY CEE HAND LIN Gr one EAE T E A E E TEER 9 Point creation from th cycle edon srian ann teas 9 O POU a E NE A E A N 10 CS EMON T EE E 10 Chanoine TIC COCOON EE 11 Superposillon OF SEVETAL CYCIES ON A Chatt
13. The maximum isovalue number 58 15 displayed as well as the total number of those which are already defined here 36 THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual maximum number of isovalues 58 total number defined number defined inthis sheet a O e Add a eae a October 2011 16 and the number of those which are defined in the current sheet her 9 for relative humidities By clicking on another tab you change the isovalue type so that you may set them as you wish Once your selection entered you can define it as the isovalue set to take into account for the current chart by clicking on button Apply It is then saved in text isopsy txt of sub directory data of the installation directory The previous isovalue set is erased Building a library of isovalues files By clicking on button Save you may save the isovalue set you have entered in order to keep it It is then saved under the name you choose in sub directory isoval of the installation directory Subsequently you may open it to load it or modify it button Open This enables you to build up a library of isovalue sets you can use with different chart parameter settings You just have to open an existing file and to click on Apply to have it replace the previously selected set Non convergence of inversion algorithms f WATCH OUT Watch out if the isovalue set selected is not compatible with the chart parameter settings
14. a multiple choice list that lets you choose the kind of plot of the selected cycle solid line dotted a ooo RO 6136 or dashed Co Changing the cycle color Until version 1 3 all cycles were plotted in black It is now possible to select any color in the same way as you do it for the chart curves To change a cycle color select its line and click on Change the cycle color A frame allowing you to choose its color is displayed If you want to save the new color set the cycle as the active one and save it Suppressing the active cycle is equivalent to erasing it from the chart menu You generate new active cycle either by setting another cycle as the active one or by interactively creating points in the chart opening the cycle point editor and validating Superposition of several cycles on a chart To plot several cycles on a chart just load them together and set them as selected in the cycle manager screen Erasing a cycle It is possible to erase a cycle displayed on the screen to do that select menu item Erase the cycle of menu Cycle This operation suppresses the corresponding point values which cannot be displayed again 1f the cycle has not been saved If you just wish to hide a cycle from the screen unselect it in the cycle manager frame by double clicking on its line Saving a cycle Once a set of points has been entered and possibly recalculated and validated it can be saved as an ASCII text file
15. anguage selected in the computer system For instance in english the decimal separator is the dot and the thousand one the comma in french the decimal separator is the comma and the thousand one the space If you enter an ill formated number it is truncated at the level of the first non numerical character Chart use display and recalculation of a point Using the interactive charts is quite simple position the crosshair cursor at the point whose thermodynamic properties you wish to get and click so that they may be displayed on the screen For psychrometric charts these properties are absolute humidity dimensionless ratio of the water mass to the dry gas mass unit relative humidity dimensionless water vapor partial pressure Pa dry bulb temperature C wet bulb temperature C adiabatic temperature C specific enthalpy kJ kg and volume m kg relative to the dry gas mass unit As the cursor positionning accuracy is a function of the screen resolution and is generally not very high it is possible to make more precise calculations either by moving a target with the keyboard arrows or by creating and editing points named cycle points as a set of points usually represents a thermodynamical cycle Using keyboard arrows It is possible to refine the positionning of the cursor with the keyboard arrows To do that click close to the point whose properties you wish to get The values are displayed in blue above the chart
16. ated after the equality gives the number of values to be read in the following line The rules are that this integer be lower than or equal to the number of values in the following line and that the total of the isovalue numbers be lower than or equal to 58 instead of 36 in the automatic mode This file can be built either thanks to a text editor or a spreadsheet or directly from the software thanks to a specific interface Wikus view Cycle Gas WO Two new lines have been added to menu Chart le A AXIS Isovalues selection opens a frame with tabs showing the list of the current isovalues allowing to modify adding deleting them parameters Isovalues set changes the operating mode from automatic calculation of isovalues to f lecti that in which they are set by the user SOVAaIUES selection ISovalues set lv Isovalues selection uv hi The tab frame allowing to edit isovalues 15 shown here a Isovalues selection To modify one you select it then click on button Modify The selected value is displayed in a window wher you can enter the value you wish to set Act similarly to delete one To add a value select one then click on Add The new value is inserted before that which was selected or added in the last position if no value was selected It should be noted that relative humidities are expressed algebrically and not as a percentage
17. combustibled Qaz_brules br l s IGCC The third line allows you to create new gas gaz Montoir Editing a gas functions of the gas editor az humide i prod_comb_TAG prod essence To edit a gas select the menu item Edit a gas of menu Gas produits_combustion Editor A screen similar to that which allowed to choose the gas for the chart is displayed There are two differences only available compound gases are shown as editing a Cancel gas does not make sense button Suppress allows you to suppress from the compound gas list those which you do not need any more Select them turn in turn then click on the button A confirmation message allows you to cancel in case of error If you select a gas and click on OK its composition appears in the editor jGas composition clean_gas_sat You can modify the gas composition _ arr by choosing the constituent names in 0 006497103 01532284 the list of pure gases which 15 shown 0 500746 0 5331 254 when vou click in the first comlumn o y 01826877 0 01 6623562 cells and entering either the molar or 01544377 01255674 O 1067969 0 1350442 the mass fractions Once it is defined the compound gas can be saved by clicking on Save The tine edition a BC RS PCI 8 928 28 software checks that the sum of the DRE EE RES fracti 1 to 1 and th A a equa i Save
18. d for the pressure defined by the user In order to get a screen background display fitted to a given parameter setting isovalues to be plotted for relative humidity specific enthalpy wet bulb temperature and specific volume have to be recalculated as a function of the choices made by the user This is what is done by default in the interactive psychrometric charts This solution allows for the automatic update of the chart screen background but some users prefer to select by THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 15 themselves the isovalues to be displayed in particular to be able to easily interpolate between the curves once they are printed In order to meet this requirement the software has been modified and now handles two definition modes for the isovalues the automatic initial mode and a new one in which they are set The isovalues set are read in a specific text file named isopsy txt located in sub directory data of the installation directory This file has the followingstructure Definition file of isovaleurues for a psychrometric chart epsilon nepsi 9 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 qprime nqprime 13 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1600 tprime ntprime 11 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 72 74 vprime nvprime 5 0 8 1 6 1 8 2 22 2 5 After the label of each isovalue type separated by a tab is given the number of values to be plotted for example nepsi 9 The integer loc
19. d in tedious calculations Initially it has been developed to help solve problems encountered in teaching applied thermodynamics Its present functionalities make it possible to use it for also solving much more complicated problems such as industrial schematic design for instance it has been used for the system integration of advanced electricity generation production plants involving several hundreds of components In this manual we shall present the psychrometric charts successively showing how to use the chart to display a point and recalculate it customize the working environnement gas selection calculation settings choice of the line width and color layout of the axes work with point selections named cycles saving and loading them edit a compound gas print a chart and exit the application Thermodynamic properties of substances The software includes a data base with the thermophysical properties of the substances considered It makes use of three kinds of substances pure ideal gases compound ideal gases and water considered as a condensable vapor Perfect gases are ideal gases whose specific heat is independant of the temperature let us recall that the equation of state of an ideal or perfect gas is Pv rT The substance can be pure in which case its properties are predefined in the software or it can be compound In this case that is possible only for a gas the user has to define the composition from t
20. editor is then displayed You can modify it if you wish To save these modifications click either Save which modifies accordingly the composition of the selected gas or Save as which allows you to save your modifications by creating a new gas Cycle handling You have previously learnt how to create and modify points In next pages we shall refer to a set of points as a cycle Point creation from the cycle editor In addition to the recalculation and validation functions discussed previously the cycle editor is equipped with five other buttons Insert Copy and Suppress which allow you to add copy or suppress one table line THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 10 and Print and Cancel which allow you to print the table or to close the frame Furthermore on the right of the frame appear two small arrows which can be used to move a line to the next above or below position To add a new point select one line then click on Insert The software inserts a new line just above the previous one all the values being set to zero Name this new point choose two input variables move the corresponding columns on the left and enter their values then click on Recalculate to get all the point thermodynamical properties Once the new line is inserted you can also copy another line and paste it To do that select the line corresponding to the point that you wish to copy and click on Copy The butt
21. ght order Cycle manager A new menu line named Cycle manager has been added in menu Cycle If you select it you open this frame If you click on name selected active Uncheck oll cycles default Update the cycle table all RCE cycles already loaded are displayed Here two cycles are loaded the default one which is active and a second one which has been loaded from a file Quit Set as active cycle Change the cycle color The title defined in the cycle point THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 11 editor 15 displayed as the cycle name You select the active cycle by choosing its line and clicking on Set as active cycle The active cycle has the following properties it is connected to the simulator when the charts used are connected to Thermoptim itis the one on which the Cycle menu lines operate 1 e it can be erased saved its points can be edited in the cycle point editor If you double click on a line you change the column selected status if it is checked the cycle 15 plotted on the chart otherwise not You can deselect all cycles by clicking on Uncheck all cycles You can suppress a cycle in the list by selecting its line and clicking on Suppress Its plot is also suppressed from fe Cycle color choice the chart Green Blue In the upper right of the screen is
22. he mole or mass fractions must be equal to 1 To define a compound gas choose from along the list of pure gases in the constituent column which is displayed when you click in the corresponding cell then enter its molar or mass fraction Insert then a new line by clicking on the button Insert and define similarly a second constituent a third one etc When you are done with entering Message constituent lines validate by clicking on Save The software checks that the sum fi the total of the mass molar fractions is not equal 1 of the molar or mass fractions is equal to 1 If this is not true the gas cannot be saved and a message informs you You can however ask the software to complement to the sum of the molar or mass fractions by calculating that of one of the components that you leave undetermined by entering no value in the corresponding field Only the first undetermined value is taken into account the other ones being set to 0 Furthermore molar or mass fractions must obviously be positive THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 If the gas composition 15 consistent the gas 15 saved and its molar and mass fractions recalculated as in the following example Then the chart is built and displayed component name molar fraction mass fraction 0 670828 0 2294 74 The gas editor 15 equipped with other buttons which will be presented later View Cycle Gas Selecti
23. he other gases present in the database by indicating for each of them its name and its molar or mass fraction Properties of the composed substance are then determined from those of its constituents Two sets of compound gases exist protected and non protected gases This difference has been introduced in order to avoid that some gases whose composition dos not vary such as air be inadvertantly modified by a user Only non protected gases may be modified and saved The accuracy of the calculations is excellent for ideal gases error on the specific heat lower than 0 5 as compared with Janaf tables and for water comparative tests with ASME steam tables give for compressions and expansions relative errors with enthalpies lower than 0 02 in the vapor and liquid vapor equilibrium and lower than 0 5 for the compressions in the liquid state Detailed information on the equations used can be found in the following reference GICQUEL R Systemes Energ tiques Tomes 1 et 2 Presses de l Ecole des Mines de Paris f vrier et novembre 2001 http www ensmp fr Presses THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 Internationalisation number formatting The interactive charts exist in several languages english french spanish portuguese catalan They are configured in the language corresponding to the inth zip file located in the installation directory Numbers are automatically formatted in accordance with the l
24. item Edit a cycle of menu Cycle or type Control C Se 7 The cycle editor is then displayed In its upper zone there are text fields which allow Connected points you to add comments on the cycle if you wish to do so in particular for saving the cycle The title is used for identifying the cycle in the cycle manager see below If you simply wish to recalculate a point this is not necessary In the lower part of the screen is a table comprising in columns the name of the point and its thermodynamic Erase the cycle properties and in lines each point entered only one at this stage Load a cycle Save the cycle Edit a cycle Ctri C All the possibilities offered by the cycle point editor will be presented in detail later For the time being we will just show how to recalculate a point The point table has particular feature you can change the column order by clicking and dragging one of them by Description its label For instance if you click on the label dry bulb temperature and that keeping the dry bulb temp specific hurni relative specific enth wet bulb specific volu precise point 25 98616 0 015847 0 74976 B6 44435 22 58748 0 569203 The two first figure columns from the left define the input state variables for the calculations mouse pressed you move it on the right the absolute humidity column automatically is shifted
25. low 220 G 234 221 et R220 G239 B271 you to customize the color In the rectangle located center left the original color is displayed ee the new one is ree in Cancel the right one reflecting the cursor moves When you have made your selection click on The color 15 saved THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 Changing the axes layout ES axis layout The abscissa and ordinate axes layout can be modified by selecting the menu item X Axis ou Grid _ automatic scale _ logarithmic scale Y Axis of menu Chart This window is then displayed Minimum If you select the checkbox Grid vertical lines for maximum 40 the abscissa axis and horizontal lines for the ordinate axis are plotted on the chart at the main Ma unit wi Auto unit tick Minor unit 2 5 lv Auto If you select the checkbox automatic scale the software searches a scale covering the whole range of values The scale is logarithmic if you select the corresponding checkbox linear otherwise Cancel When the automatic scale checkbox is not selected you can enter the minimum and maximum values that you wish The values of the main and minor units can be either automatically calculated either entered by you depending whether the corresponding Auto checkbox is selected or not If the unit values are not consistent with those of the minimum and maximum or between themselves a beep warns you
26. ns trom the detine the Input State va dry bulb temp specific relative humidity absolute hurm 51 87494 10 0799489 This point can be displayed in the cycle point editor and thus recalculated as you may wish You just have to enter for instance the dry temperature Definition of a new compound gas If you select checkbox Define a new compound gas the software asks you first to name it and then opens the gas composition editor which 15 similar to the cycle point editor we saw previously but also presents some differences Sal 2058 composition new gas 558 The first figure column from the left selects the input values fram among molar and mass fractions component molar fraction mass fraction There are only three columns in this editor the first one contains the pure gases available in the data base and the two other ones are used to enter the molar and mass fractions You Line edition men Fame Thermoptim considers that the first column of numbers on the left Save Save Export Create humid gas Print Cancel contains the data to be taken into account the others being calculated from those you can move a column by clicking on its headband and dragging it laterally However if you choose to enter the mass fractions it 15 necessary that the values of the molar fractions are set to 0 Obviously the sum of t
27. on label is modified and becomes Paste Select the destination line and click on Paste The values are copied To suppress a line select it then click on Suppress Once the points are created as you wish click on Validate to have them transferred on the chart and displayed To print the table click on Print and select the paper format from the printer dialogs then confirm the printing Connecting points When the points specific humidity Psychrometric Chart air pressure 1 01325 bar displayed on the chart 0 04 screen background saturation saturation they are disconnected by eps 0 default It is possible to connect them by a broken line by selecting the menu item Connected points of menu Cycle This way of doing is widely used for representing a thermodynamical cycle In the following example is shown an conditioning cycle The software connects the points in the same order as they appear in the editor starting from the first line If this order is not the right one you may have to sort the points in the cycle editor dry bulb temperature To do that you can move the points using the arrows which appear in the right of the editor select a line that you wish to move click on the up down arrow to move the point to the previous or next line position when you have rearranged all points end up by clicking on Validate The cycle is then displayed on the chart in the ri
28. on of the chart type narrow line A AXIS The substance properties can be displayed in several coordinate systems used by thermodynamicians parameters For mixtures of an ideal gas and water vapor the following charts are available Isovalues selection i Isoval 6 psychrometric chart with dry bulb temperature in abscissa and specific NT humidity in ordinate t 4 Mollier chart with specific humidity in abscissa and specific enthalpy in vb ordinate To select one of the types click on the corresponding menu item The screen is immediately updated Choosing the line width By default the curves are plotted in bold line You can reduce the line width by clicking on the menu item narrow line of the menu Chart It is then labelled bold line If you select it subsequently the lines again plotted in bold lines screen background Modifying drawing and screen background colors 7 psi 90 The whole set of colors used for plotting curves and for the screen background can be customized To modify a color double click on one of the small rectangles where it appears in the legend on the right of the screen The following color editor is Choice ot the screen background color displayed this example retates to Green Blue the screen background color gt n Three cursors corresponding to the red green and blue components of the color al
29. position enter this value then click on button Recalculate You get the following result here the editor window has been resized and the width of some columns modified The two first figure columns from the left define the input state variables for the calculations point dre bulb temper specitic humid relative humidity specific enthal wet bulb temp specific wolu precise point 133 0 022 0 688193 oo 45407 208 02507 0 999163 As you can see calculating point with accuracy is very easy THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 All variable couples comprising the dry temperature or the absolute humidity can be calculated Once the point is recalculated as you wish the modifications made in the editor can be transferred on the chart by clicking on button Validate Automatically the editor table points are then repositionned on the screen Once you are back in the main chart window you enter additional points If F you want to display them in the cycle points editor you Cancel must select again menu item Edit a cycle of menu Cycle If the editor was previously opened a message informs you that the points will not be validated if you continue The cycle point editor will be closed without the points being validated Do you wish to continue The reason for this is that the software cannot guess which values are the right ones those from the cha
30. rt or those from the editor If you do not want to validate the points previously modified click on OK Otherwise cancel and then go into the editor validate the old points and iterate Customizing the working environnement Pure gases Ar The working environnement of interactive charts can be CIHR thane customized in several ways so that you can adapt it to your own taste C3H8 propane When you first run the software default values are used Subsequently pi CaH10 n butane your modifications are automatically saved in various configuration files C7 2H13 42 carb so that your selections are kept between two sessions a m thane CO Gas selection CO2 H2 The software contains about fifteen pure gases which can be used to 3 20 constitute as many compound gases as you wish HIS He The compound gases can either be defined in an editor or chosen from among the list of existing gases ii 02 P In either case to modify the selected gas you select the menu item parameters of menu Chart and the following window 1s displayed Chart parameters Choosing gas in the data base Minimum dry temperature C Maximum dry temperature C If you select the checkbox Load gas from the data base the list of available 8880 bar pure and compound gases 1s displayed C Load a gas from the data base Selec
31. t the gas whose psychrometric chart _ Define new compound gas you wish to build here gas_brul s then click on _ Show the gas composition In this example it is a combustion flue gas which contains water The gas is therefore a moist gas whereas the psychrometric chart is built from the dry gas The dry gas composition is automatically calculated by the software and a message proposes either to save it or to directly plot the chart If you wish to save the dry gas you have to name it Otherwise Thermoptim creates an temporary dry gas which is not listed among the compound gases THERMOPTIM psychrometric charts User s Manual October 2011 In either case the chart is i ie built for the selected gas The gas gaz_brul s is humid gas The chart is calculated from the dry gas properties Do you want to save its composition from its dry composition In addition a new point is created to save the absolute humidity of the Draw the chart without saving the gas moist gas the dry temperature being arbitrarily chosen close to the saturation curve It is indeed interesting to save the absolute humidity value if you wish to plot on the chart points with exactly the same humidity as the initial moist gas for a w t chart all the points corresponding to this humid gas are located on the horizontal line on the right of the saturation curve containing th point created Two TIQUre colum
32. ual October 2011 Psychrometric chart user s manual Overall presentation The THERMOPTIM series www thermoptim com is a set of software tools dedicated to the learning and better understanding of applied thermodynamics It is comprised of easy to use interactive charts ideal gases vapors mixtures of an ideal gas and of water vapor psychrometrics and a modeling software package including four closely interconnected working environments a diagram editor synoptic screen a simulator the interactive charts and an optimization tool The interactive charts have been developed with a view to replace classical paper thermodynamic charts Indeed whatever care is taken by editors in the choice of color sets for distinguishing the various curves shown on the classical charts it is always difficult to read them and interpolation may lead to significant errors New THERMOPTIM charts allow one by a simple mouse click to display all relevant thermodynamic properties of the fluid thus providing better accuracy Their main asset is to be very easy to use the thermodynamic properties are immediately displayed on the screen a user friendly point editor allows the user to refine his her cycle analysis and to export the values in spreadsheets or text editors THERMOPTIM is applied thermodynamics software whose objective is to allow one to easily calculate complex thermodynamic cycles without making very simplistic hypotheses or without being involve
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