MODEL PCI-A12-16A USER MANUAL
Contents
1. o rr we ar 17 Manual PCI A12 16A Offset 4 Write Option Control This register is used to control various features on the card XSCE is External Start Conversion Enable Setting this bit allows pin 4 on the connector to start conversions CCF and CF are Clear Channel FIFO and Clear FIFO data respectively Any time a 1 is written to these bits the selected FIFO is reset effectively clearing its contents EIFH set to 1 enables interrupts to occur when the data FIFO becomes Half Full This is the interrupt most often used in background task based data acquisition EIFE set to 1 enables interrupts on FIFO Error That is anytime the FIFO is read from when it is already empty or when data is lost because the FIFO is full when an A D conversion finishes CTR set to 1 causes start conversions to occur each time counter 2 used in Mode 2 counts down to zero The other bits in this register must be cleared to zero for compatibility with future options Offset 4 Read Status Clear Interrupt This register is read to determine the status of various features on the card primarily the state of the point list and data FIFOs or to determine if a conversion has finished os is Tc Tos ay zi The BUSY bit indicates the conversion is in process A zero means the A D is busy a one means a conversion is not in progress This bit is one of the most important when not using interrupt modes B2. Adust DAC 1 Offset RP7 Adust DAC 1 Gain Calibration is complete Connect pin 37 to pin 15 Connect pin 37 to pn 15 Adjust pot marked RP until the value Adjust pot marked the value close to 0 0125 Volts as displayed is close to 2 4875 Volts as possible 31 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 8 Connector Pin Assignments The analog I O channels are accessible via a male 37 pin D type connector that extends through the back of the computer case and a DB37S solder cup plug may be used to make connections Name VDD CLKO GO EXT G1 G2 SELO SEL1 SEL2 SEL3 DGround GATE1 OUT2 DACO DAC1 IN8 AGround VREF VSS IN7 IN6 IN5 IN4 IN3 IN2 IN1 AGround 5VDC IN8 IN7 IN6 IN5 IN4 IN3 IN2 IN1 Table 8 1 1 DB 37 Male 20 37 Function 12VDC Power from the Computer Bus Counter 0 Clock Input LSBit of AIM 16P Gain Select Bits External Start Conversion Source Pin Bit 1 of AIM 16P Gain Select Bits MSBit of AIM 16P Gain Select Bits Multiplexer Channel Selection Bit LSBit Multiplexer Channel Selection Bit Multiplexer Channel Selection Bit Multiplexer Channel Selection MSBit Digital Ground Counter Timer Gate Pulse Counter Timer 2 Counter Output Analog Output 0 Analog Output 1 no connection Chl 7 Analog Low Input Diff l Chl 15 Analog High Input SE Low Level Analog Common Ground 10VDC Reference Volt
3. Block itte ie ees vate be cet e 9 Chapter 2 Installation ai e te p e eed abi cce t 10 Configure Card Options via Jumper 10 CD Software Installation it ed re bie 10 WINDOWS 10 10 Hardware Installation e de etel pov etes cater ee 11 Chapter 3 Option Selection loi i x ie Fer e aa RED er RR sad 12 Figure 3 1 Option Selection Map l nnn stt nennen 13 Chapter 4 Address eene 14 Chapter 5 Programming u io ihn retreat He rure 15 Table 5 1 Register addresses on the card hex 15 Register Descriptions irodani andaren Anaha edebat tete uen 16 Software Tristate MOd uu ois rdi eben io inane Pe aH cx e PERRA CRX denied 20 Programming Guide 1 2 reri m d codd etc tete ett iit ede or cae ra db aret echa 21 Chapter 6 Programmable Interval Timer 24 Operational Modes 5 ic enit ac
4. IN Figure 1 1 Block Diagram 9 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 2 Installation A printed Quick Start Guide QSG is packed with the card for your convenience If you ve already performed the steps from the QSG you may find this chapter to be redundant and may skip forward to begin developing your application The software provided with this card is on CD and must be installed onto your hard disk prior to use To do this perform the following steps as appropriate for your operating system Configure Card Options via Jumper Selection Before installing the card into your computer carefully read Chapter 3 Option Selection of this manual then configure the card according to your requirements Our Windows based setup program can be used in conjunction with Chapter 3 to assist in configuring jumpers on the card as well as provide additional descriptions for usage of the various card options CD Software Installation The following instructions assume the CD ROM drive is drive D Please substitute the appropriate drive letter for your system as necessary WINDOWS 1 Place the CD into your CD ROM drive 2 The system should automatically run the install program If the install program does not run promptly click START RUN and type 1211 151 1414 click OK or press E 3 Follow the on screen prompts to install the software for this board LINUX 1 Please refer to linux htm on the CD ROM for information
5. Programmable Interval Timer The card contains a type 8254 programmable counter timer which allows you to implement such functions as a Real Time Clock Event Counter Digital One Shot Programmable Rate Generator Square Wave Generator Binary Rate Multiplier Complex Wave Generator and or a Motor Controller The 8254 is a flexible but powerful device that consists of three independent 16 bit presettable down counters Each counter can be programmed to any count between 1 or 2 and 65 535 in binary format depending on the mode chosen On the card these three counters are designated Counter 0 Counter 1 and Counter 2 Counter 0 is un dedicated with the gate output and clock connections fully accessible via the I O connector Counter 0 is enabled by a discrete input and uses either the internal 1MHz clock or an external clock of up to 10MHz Counters 1 and 2 are cascaded together to form a 32 bit counter This dual counter can be enabled gated by program control and is clocked by a 1MHz precision crystal controlled internal source Please note The information in this Appendix is for general reference and may include features functions not applicable to this card Operational Modes The 8254 modes of operation are described in the following paragraphs to familiarize you with the versatility and power of this device For those interested in more detailed information a full description of the 8254 programmable interval timer can b
6. The base address assigned by BIOS or the operating system can change each time new hardware is installed into or removed from the computer Please recheck PCIFind or Device Manager if the hardware configuration is changed Software you write can automatically determine the base address of the card using a variety of methods depending the operating system In DOS the PCNSOURCE directory shows the BIOS calls used to determine the address and IRQ assigned to installed PCI devices In Windows the Windows sample programs demonstrate querying the registry entries created by PCIFind and NTIOPCI SYS during boot up to determine this same information 11 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 3 Option Selection To operate the card in the current mode install a jumper in the positions shown at CHO through CH7 for each channel 0 to 7 you will be using as a current input Only differential operation is supported when using current mode inputs For best results using 4 20mA inputs the 1 25 6 25 volt range is recommended The Buffer Enable Buffer Tristate BEN BTR jumper enables or disables software tristating of the digital I O bits Normally this jumper will be installed in the BEN position In order to use the software tristate feature install this jumper in the BTR position this will change the behavior of the DIO bits as described in the Programming chapter The range of each DAC is set by a block of switches on the board The ranges correspond to swit
7. and 10 5 2 5 and 1 25 volts bipolar In addition you can read 4 20 mA current inputs by manually installing jumpers to utilize onboard resistors In this case the current input is converted to an analog voltage range of 1 25 6 25V with full 12 bit resolution and there can be up to eight inputs Each channel must be dedicated to either voltage or current This card contains an industry standard 12 bit successive approximation analog to digital converter A D with a sample and hold amplifier input Under ideal conditions throughput of over 100 000 conversions per second is possible This card has a 4k samples FIFO data buffer and a 4k words point list buffer These buffers give capability for full speed counter driven background data acquisition with no computer interaction until the data FIFO needs draining This allows 100kHz data to be taken with little processor overhead A D conversions may be initiated in any of three ways a software command b an on board programmable timer or c direct external trigger In turn data may be transferred to the computer by any of three software selectable methods a polling for end of conversion EOC b polling for a half full FIFO or c a half FIFO interrupt Input System Expansion This card can be used with up to 16 external AIM 16P analog input expansion cards Each AIM 16P card provides capability for 16 differential inputs and thus can be used to provide a maximum of 256 analog input
8. defective during the warranty period In no case is ACCES liable for consequential or special damage arriving from use or misuse of our product The customer is responsible for all charges caused by modifications or additions to ACCES equipment not approved in writing by ACCES or if in ACCES opinion the equipment has been subjected to abnormal use Abnormal use for purposes of this warranty is defined as any use to which the equipment is exposed other than that use specified or intended as evidenced by purchase or sales representation Other than the above no other warranty expressed or implied shall apply to any and all such equipment furnished or sold by ACCES 3 Manual PCI A12 16A Table of Contents Chapter 1 1 5 Description EET 5 Input System Expansion 5 Discrete Digital VO uuu Go nter Tim er 3 i ted cete dile tesi tenias tte 6 Analog Outputs pe tag edad Ta ue FE d eee 6 unigge 6 Transferring Data into the Comput er nnne nennt nnn enne nns 6 Reference Voltage and Power Required 6 Specifications one eeu red re eie ute bo 7 Figure 1 1
9. mode the card has only 8 channels and the conversion returns the voltage difference from the high to the low channel When the bit is cleared 0 Single Ended mode is active a set bit 1 indicates Differential mode R2 R1 RO These bits select the range at which to convert the data The following table lists the ranges and the bit combinations for each range The 1 25 6 25 volt range is designed for use with the Current Mode jumper on each channel Selecting this range for those channels that have been placed in current mode results in a 4 20mA range with full 12 bit precision SEL3 SEL2 SEL1 SELO G2 G1 GO These bits are digital outputs generally used to control channel and gain range on attached sub multiplexers sub muxes such as the AIM 16 or LVDT 8 On our sub muxes the SEL bits determine the channel and the G bits determine the gain however the exact purpose of these bits depends on the sub mux type used Please refer to your sub mux manual for more information The SEL3 0 bits will be returned as the top four bits when the data from the A D converter is read to the computer They may be used to tag the data if they are not being used for other purposes Software may be simplified with a 16 bit word write to Base 2 encompassing Base 3 also That write would look like this Base 3 Base 2 Pr ons ove Tore oo ove e 2 ne Ts ore ssa se se or
10. of latched data After any latching operation of a counter the contents of its hold register must be read before any subsequent latches of that counter will have any effect If a status latch command is issued before the hold register is read then the first read will read the status not the latched value In this case the latched value may be read after reading the status 28 Manual PCI A12 16A Programming Examples Generating a Square Wave Output To program Counters 1 and 2 for a 1 KHz output you need to divide the 1MHz crystal oscillator input by 1 000 To obtain a symmetrical waveform the divisor loaded into the counter should be an even number If it is an odd number then one half of the waveform would be one input clock pulse period longer than the other A convenient divisor to use in counter 1 is 10 and counter 2 is 100 because 10 x 100 1 000 outportb BASEADDRESS B 0x76 counter 1 to square wave mode outportb BASEADDRESS B counter 2 to square wave mode outportb BASEADDRESS 9 10 write lower byte counter 1 outportb BASEADDRESS 9 0 write upper byte counter 1 outportb BASEADDRESS 100 write lower byte counter 2 outportb BASEADDRESS 0 write upper byte counter 2 Using Counter 0 as a Pulse Counter Since the counters are down counters the resulting count is subtracted from the starting value to determine the number of pulses This example
11. on installing under linux Caution ESDA single static discharge can damage your card and cause premature failure Please follow all reasonable precautions to prevent a static discharge such as grounding yourself by touching any grounded surface prior to touching the card 10 Manual PCI A12 16A Hardware Installation 1 Make sure to set switches and jumpers from either the Option Selection section of this manual or from the suggestions of SETUP EXE 2 Do not install card into the computer until the software has been fully installed 3 Turn OFF computer power AND unplug AC power from the system 4 Remove the computer cover 5 Carefully install the card an available 5V or PCI expansion slot you may need to remove a backplate first 6 Inspect for proper fit of the card and tighten screws Make sure that the card mounting bracket is properly screwed into place and that there is a positive chassis ground 7 Install an I O cable onto the card s bracket mounted connector 8 Replace the computer cover and turn ON the computer which should auto detect the card depending on the operating system and automatically finish installing the drivers 9 Run PClfind exe to complete installing the card into the registry for Windows only and to determine the assigned resources 10 Run one of the provided sample programs that was copied to the newly created card directory from the CD to test and validate your installation
12. 16 bit down counters two permanently concatenated with 1MHz clock as programmable timer 2 2mA at 0 45V 5 LSTTL loads TTL DTL CMOS compatible DC to 10MHz Negative edge 30nS high 50nS low 2 5 MHz to lt 1 pulse hr 0 C to 50 C 20 C to 70 C 0 to 90 RH non condensing 5VDC 600 mA typical 12VDC 650 mA typical 12VDC 650 mA typical 8 Manual PCI A12 16A UNI UNIPOLAR BIPOLAR WEEE SELECT 16 5 8 DIFF L SWITCH SAMPLE CHO HI HOLD e ID y 12 BIT A D CONVERTER D 16 i A D amp MUX 4 GAIN DATA REGISTER 8 DIFF L MUX DIFEL U 8 SELECT INPUTS STATUS REGISTER v CH15 amp CONTROL LOGIC GNO p ai 7 BIT GN2 OUTPUT 4 a x DATA A b SELO REGISTER INTERNAL DATA BUS gt lt n SEL CONTROL i BUFFERS SEL2 B SEL3 U een A D TRIG gt EX LOGIC ADDRESS 0100 DECODE 1MHz amp K XTAL SELECT 24 BITS 8255 4 4 TTL DIGITAL y INPUT I 1 DIGITAL i T el ull CTR CTR d q DIO23 0 1 REGISTER DAC 0 Bug NTERRUPT DAC 1 CONTROL 4 b CTR2 4 1 CLOCK OUT
13. A12 16A Programming Guide A D Data Acquisition Taking data from an A D can seem confusing at first but it all boils down to a few simple steps Set Point List Offset 2 Writes 16 bit words Offset 2 Read Start Conversion Offset 0 Write Wait for End of Conversion Offset 4 Read Read Data Offset 0 Read 16 bit integer Repeat To set the point list you must build the point from its component parts It consists of the channel the range and the differential or single ended control bit The range is in the low 3 bits the SE DIFF bit is next then the channel From the table in the programming section you can pick the range number for the desired range and in most programs the channel number will come from a FOR loop Assuming the channel number is in CH the range is in RNG and the SE DIFF bit is in SEDIFF you can build a control word with control CH lt lt 4 SEDIFF lt lt 3 RNG This seems fairly complex but it is made easier if you take into account that most programs will acquire data from a single range and usually at a single SE DIFF setting These two values then can be hard coded into the program and the code becomes control CH lt lt 4 1 for Single ended 5 VDC operation Write two or more of these points to the point list and that is all there is for polled mode A D conversions The data comes back in counts and must be converted to engineering units to be useful The data is returned in two s
14. CNT When is 0 latches the counters selected by bits 0 2 STA When is 0 returns the status byte of counters selected by 2 CO C1 C2 When high select a particular counter for readback CO selects Counter 0 C1 selects Counter 1 and C2 selects Counter 2 You can perform two types of operations with the Counter Control Byte When CNT 0 the counters selected by through C2 are latched simultaneously When STA 0 the counter status byte is read when the counter 27 Manual PCI A12 16A location is accessed The counter status byte provides information about the current output state of the selected counter and its configuration The status byte returned if STA 0 is OUT Current state of counter output pin NC Null count This indicates when the last count loaded into the counter register has actually been loaded into the counter itself The exact time of load depends on the configuration selected Until the count is loaded into the counter itself it cannot be read RW1 amp RWO Read Write command M2 1 MO Counter mode BCD BCD 0 is binary mode otherwise counter is in BCD mode If both STA and bits in the counter status byte are set low and the RW1 and RWO bits have both been previously set high in the counter control register thus selecting two byte reads then reading a selected counter address location will yield 1st Read Status byte 2nd Read Low byte of latched data 3rd Read High byte
15. Main program Install ISR Motherboard resources Initialize interrupts Motherboard resources Configure Counters Offsets 8 B Writes Set Point List Offset 2 Write 16 bit words Offset 2 Read Enable Counter amp IRQ Mode Offset 4 Write Wait until done Other code can go here ISR Read Data until FIFO is empty Offset 0 Read 16 bit integers or read of FIFO size Clear Interrupt Offset 4 Read Send End Of Interrupt Motherboard resources Using interrupt mode requires an understanding of IRQ programming practices such as the PIC IRQ Mask register and the IRQ vector table Once these are grasped however the benefits are well worth the learning curve IRQ mode is a great way to perform non data gathering tasks while conversions are taking place The background task the ISR takes data and stores it while the foreground task can perform other functions such as display calculations or acquisition from some other device This mode is so useful that an example is provided as part of the sample software normally installed with the card Be aware that the card will continually interrupt on the enabled IRQ conditions while those conditions are true This can cause the appearance of locking up a system if the IRQ handler does not remove the condition before exiting In the case of FIFO based acquisition this generally means reading enough data from the data FIFO that it is no longer more than half full 23 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 6
16. age 12VDC Chl 6 Analog Low Input Chl 5 Analog Low Input Chl 14 Analog High Input SE Chl 4 Analog Low Input SE Chl 13 Analog High Input SE Chl 12 Analog High Input SE Chl Analog Low Input Chl 11 Analog High Input SE Chl 2 Analog Low Input Diff l Chl 10 Analog High Input SE Chl 1 Analog Low Input Diff l Chl 9 Analog High Input SE Chl 0 Analog Low Input Chl 8 Analog High Input SE Low Level Analog Common Ground 5VDC Power from Computer Bus Chl 7 Analog High Input Chl 6 Analog High Input Chl 5 Analog High Input Chl 4 Analog High Input Chl 3 Analog High Input Chl 2 Analog High Input Chl 1 Analog High Input Chl 0 Analog High Input Raed Analog Connector Pin Assignments 32 Manual PCI A12 16A The digital I O bits are accessible via male 50 header connector on the face of the card The header is accessible to the user by running a cable through an adjacent mounting bracket Strain relief mounting bracket also available IDC 50 Pin Header Male Port C Hi Bit 7 Port C Hi Bit 6 Port C Hi Bit 5 Port C Hi Bit 4 Port C Lo Bit 3 Port C Lo Bit 2 Port C Lo Bit 1 Port C Lo Bit 0 Port B Bit 7 Port B Bit 6 Port B Bit 5 Port B Bit 4 Port B Bit 3 Port B Bit 2 Port B Bit 1 Port B Bit 0 Port A Bit 7 Port A Bit 6 Port A Bit 5 Port A Bit 4 Port A Bit 3 Port A Bit 2 Port A Bit 1 Port A Bit 0 5 VDC 5A Fuse
17. bility are provided The 24 bits of digital output are controlled by an 8255 style programmable peripheral interface chip These 24 bits are arranged into three 8 bit ports which can be independently programmed to be inputs or outputs One of the ports Port C may be split into two 4 bit ports These 24 bits are available on a separate 50 Pin header and are buffered A fused 5 VDC is also available on Pin 49 of that header Counter Timer This card contains a type 8254 counter timer that has three 16 bit programmable down counters Counter Timer 0 is enabled by a pin on the connector CTRO and uses an external clock of up to 10 MHz as selected by user software Counter Timers 1 and 2 are concatenated to form a 32 bit counter and receive 1 MHz clock inputs from an on board crystal controlled oscillator The counter timers can be set up for event counting frequency or period measurements and pulse or wave form generation Also Counter Timers 1 and 2 can be programmed to initiate A D conversions A driver with source code is provided to facilitate use of the counter timer chip in data acquisition applications Analog Outputs Two digital to analog converters are provided They are controlled by an AD7237 dual DAC They are independently configurable by means of on board switches Each may be configured to unipolar or bipolar outputs and may have full scale ranges of 2 5 5 or 10 volts Interrupts This card has interrupt capability within
18. ch settings as follows on ore OFE OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF ON OFF ON 12 Manual PCI A12 16A SELECT INPUT CHANNEL Y GAS CH7 4 20mA FACTORY USE ONLY c mS e 7 mo gt RP2 RP3 RP5 RP6 RP7 RP8 Figure 3 1 Option Selection Map 13 uld Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 4 Address Selection This card uses I O addresses offset from the base address assigned by the PCI bus The address spaces defined in the programming section of this manual PCI architecture is Plug and Play This means that the BIOS or Operating System determines the resources assigned to PCI cards rather than the user selecting those resources with switches or jumpers As a result you cannot set or change the card s base address or IRQ level You can only determine what the system has assigned To determine the base address that has been assigned run the PCIFind utility program This utility will display a list of all the cards detected on the PCI bus the addresses assigned to each function on each of the cards and the respective IRQs Alternatively Windows systems can be queried to determine which resources were assigned In these operating systems you can use
19. complement form but resides in only 12 bits To get a true two s complement integer you must sign extend the data The following line reads the data and converts it to the simplest form data int inport base 0 lt lt 4 gt gt 4 or C data portw base 0 shl 4 DIV 16 Pascal The variable data now holds a number from 2048 to 2047 for bipolar ranges 0 to 4095 for unipolar A simple Y mX b equation where X is the data would convert this to engineering units In order to tag the data a shift becomes easier than a multiply when setting the point list control CH 0x1010 1 for Single ended 5 VDC operation And the read then also retrieves the tag rawdata inport base 0 or C chan unsigned rawdata gt gt 12 data rawdata lt lt 4 gt gt 4 rawdata portw base 0 Pascal chan rawdata shr 12 data rawdata shl 4 DIV 16 21 Manual PCI A12 16A Counter Driven Data Acquisition Several things change when using timed A D start CTR mode Configure Counters Offset 8 B Writes Set Point List Offset 2 Write 16 bit words Offset 2 Read Enable Counter Mode Offset 4 Write loop Wait for Start of Conversion Offset 4 Read Wait for End of Conversion Offset 4 Read Read Data Offset 0 Read 16 bit integer Repeat at loop Configuring the counters consists of setting up the timing for conversions using the 8254 control and load registers described in the 8254 s
20. d Table 8 2 Digital Connector Pin Assignments All Even Numbered Pins Are Ground 33 Manual PCI A12 16A Customer Comments If you experience any problems with this manual or just want to give us some feedback please email us at manuals accesio com Please detail any errors you find and include your mailing address so that we can send you any manual updates CET 1 0 PRODUCTS INC 10623 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 Tel 858 550 9559 FAX 858 550 7322 www accesio com 34 Manual PCI A12 16A
21. e found in the Intel or equivalent manufacturers data sheets The following conventions apply for use in describing operation of the 8254 Clock A positive pulse into the counter s clock input Trigger A rising edge input to the counter s gate input Counter Loading Programming of a binary count into the counter Mode 0 Pulse on Terminal Count After the counter is loaded the output is set low and will remain low until the counter decrements to zero The output then goes high and remains high until a new count is loaded into the counter A trigger enables the counter to start decrementing This mode is commonly used for event counting with Counter 0 Mode 1 Retriggerable One shot The output goes low on the clock pulse following a trigger to begin the one shot pulse and goes high when the counter reaches zero Additional triggers result in reloading the count and starting the cycle over If a trigger occurs before the counter decrements to zero a new count is loaded Thus this forms a re triggerable one shot In mode 1 a low output pulse is provided with a period equal to the counter count down time Mode 2 Rate Generator This mode provides a divide by N capability where N is the count loaded into the counter When triggered the counter output goes low for one clock period after N counts reloads the initial count and the cycle starts over This mode is periodic the same sequence is repeated indefinitely until the gate input is broug
22. ection of this manual Counters 1 and 2 should both be set for mode 2 operation and the combined countdown duration of these two counters will be the delay between conversions FIFO Based Data Acquisition Set Point List Offset 2 Write 16 bit words Offset 2 Read Configure Counters Offset 8 B Writes Enable Counter Mode Offset 4 Write loop Wait for FIFO Half full Offset 4 Read Read Data until FIFO empty Offset 0 Read 16 bit integer Offset 4 Read Loop at loop until you have as much data as you want This mode can be used to easily test point list setup and general FIFO functionality but generally won t be used in real world environments IRQ based FIFO handling is so efficient that most applications will use that mode instead However many similarities exist and this mode is worthwhile as a experimental or learning aid as debugging this mode is easier than interrupt debugging Set Channel and Range FIFO consists of a predetermined set of WORD writes to Offset 2 setting the channel range and sub mux channel and gain if used The upper nybble SEL3 SELO is returned in the upper nybble of the A D conversion data and is useful as a marker if no mux is to be used If you are allowing a user to dynamically create the point list the Channel FIFO status bits in the Offset 4 register can warn you when the FIFO is full 22 Manual PCI A12 16A Interrupt Based or Background Data Acquisition Interrupt mode adds wrinkles of its own
23. either PCIFind or the Device Manager utility from the System Properties Applet of the control panel The card is installed in the Data Acquisition class of the Device Manager list Selecting the card clicking Properties and then selecting the Resources Tab will display a list of the resources allocated to the card The PCI bus supports 64K of I O address space so your card s addresses may be located anywhere in the 0000h to FFFFh range PCIFind uses the Vendor ID and Device ID to search for your card then reads the base address and IRQ If you want to determine the base address and IRQ without using PCIFind use the following information The Vendor ID for this card is 494F ASCII for IO The Device ID for this card is ECAAh An example of how to locate card resources is provided with in the PCI SOURCE directory under your installation directory This code runs in DOS and uses the PCI defined interrupt BIOS calls to query the PCI bus for card specific information You will need the Device ID and Vendor ID listed above to use this code 14 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 5 Programming P sercom NO Conon Sta as San i 107 P esemmermmes essen me e ae Tier Col escomes p penes qme Table 5 1 Register addresses on the card hex 15 Manual PCI A12 16A Register Descriptions Offset 0 Write Start Conversion This address is written to if you wish to start a c
24. er 25 Manual PCI A12 16A Programming On the card the 8254 counters occupy the following addresses Base Address 8 Base Address 9 Base Address A Base Address B Read Write Counter 0 Read Write Counter 1 Read Write Counter 2 Write to Counter Control register The counters are programmed by writing a control byte into a counter control register at Base Address B The control byte specifies the counter to be programmed the counter mode the type of read write operation and the modulus The control byte format is as follows Base B Write Counter Control Byte Function Program Counter 0 Program Counter 1 Program Counter 2 Read Write Cmd See section on Reading and Loading the Counters RW0 RW1 These bits select the read write mode of the selected counter RW1 RWO Counter Read Write Function o Counter Latch Command Read Write LS Byte Read Write MS Byte Read Write LS Byte then MS Byte 26 Manual PCI A12 16A 2 These bits set the operational mode of the selected counter BCD Set the selected counter to count in binary BO 0 or BCD 1 Reading and Loading the Counters If you attempt to read the counters on the fly when there is a high input frequency you will most likely get erroneous data This is partly caused by carries rippling through the counter during the read operation Also the low and high bytes are read sequentially rather tha
25. eret d tpe 24 Programming demie Ee retirar 26 Programming a 29 Chapter 7 e E 31 Chapter 8 Connector Pin Assignments 32 Table 8 1 Analog Connector Pin Assignments n nsn 32 Table 8 2 Digital Connector Pin Assignments I nanan 33 Customer Commenhts iecit tete eu sake 34 4 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 1 Introduction The card is a multifunction high speed analog to digital converter card for use in 5 volt and 3 3 volt PCI bus computer slots With this card installed the computer can be used as a precision data acquisition and control system or as a Signal analysis instrument Description The card accepts up to eight differential or 16 single ended analog input channels Inputs are protected against over voltage conditions up to 35 volts and typically survive static discharges beyond 4000 volts The channel input configuration is software selectable When using the card in differential mode the common mode rejection ratio is a minimum 80dB at 45KHz and the common mode voltage rejection capability is 11V The input signals are amplified by an onboard instrumentation amplifier to provide voltage ranges of 10 5 1 25 6 25 and 1 25 3 75 volts unipolar
26. fset 2 amp 3 for an explanation of the Sel bits Offset 2 amp 3 Write A D Control Setup Point List Offset 2 amp 3 Read A D Control Readback This address base 2 should be written to using a 16 bit WORD command out dx ax Doing so loads the point list FIFO Repeated writes to this address are used to load an entire point list into the FIFO for later use The format of the WORD is described below After loading up to 4096 WORDS you must read a WORD from this address before starting conversions Refer to the programming guide at the end of this chapter for more information on using this register Note it is very useful to use SEL3 SELO as markers as long as external muxes are not being used to track which channel data is from When no external mux is being used writing the same value to SEL3 SELO as causes the data FIFO to appear to hold the channel number MA3 0 which enables easier tracking of data and channel number The following diagrams define bit functions in the point list mr Tus Tes Te 16 Manual PCI A12 16A 2 MA1 MAO These 4 bits form a binary number from 0 to 15 This is the channel number the A D board you wish to setup for conversion MA3 should be cleared to zero if using Differential mode DIFF This is a control bit for Single Ended or Differential mode In Single Ended mode the card has 16 channels each converted in reference to analog ground In Differential
27. he DIO were configured as follows Output data C5 Port B Input Port C Hi Output data 0 Port C Lo Input And a control byte of 81 hex were written the DIO would change as follows Port A Output data 00 Port B Output data 00 Port C Hi Output data 0 Port C Lo Input If one of those high bits in port A were an active low siren then it would sound If port were then initialized by software the microsecond that takes would still result in a small pulse which would trigger latched sensors To alleviate this issue this card has a software tristate mode enabled by installing the BEN BTR jumper in the BTR position In software tristate mode whenever a control byte is written all ports are tristated Your software should re initialize the output ports then de tristate them causing them to all update simultaneously Pull ups on the card cause tristated bits to appear high so sensors don t see a low level when a control byte is written However little drive current is available this is not quite the same as an actual high output In order to de tristate the ports write the same control byte to Base 14 as you did to Base 13 before but with D7 set low In the example above the control byte to de tristate the ports would be 01 This register can also be used to tristate the ports without changing their mode by writing a control byte to Base 14 with D7 set high 20 Manual PCI
28. ht low This mode is used on the card in Counters 1 and 2 to generate periodic A D start commands This mode also works well as an alternative to mode 0 for event counting Mode 3 Square Wave Generator This mode operates periodically like mode 2 The output is high for half of the count and low for the other half If the count is even then the output is a symmetrical square wave If the count is odd then the output is high for N 1 2 counts and low for N 1 2 counts Periodic triggering or frequency synthesis are two possible applications for this mode Note that in this mode to achieve the square wave the counter decrements by two for the total loaded count then reloads and decrements by two for the second part of the wave form 24 Manual PCI A12 16A Mode 4 Software Triggered Strobe This mode sets the output high and when the count is loaded the counter begins to count down When the counter reaches zero the output will go low for one input period The counter must be reloaded to repeat the cycle A low gate input will inhibit the counter This mode can be used to provide a delayed software trigger for initiating A D conversions Mode 5 Hardware Triggered Strobe In this mode the counter will start counting after the rising edge of the trigger input and will go low for one clock period when the terminal count is reached The counter is retriggerable The output will not go low until the full count after the rising edge of the trigg
29. n simultaneously and thus it is possible that carries will be propagated from the low to the high byte during the read cycle To circumvent these problems you can perform a counter latch operation in advance of the read cycle To do this load the RW1 and RW2 bits with zeroes This instantly latches the count of the selected counter selected via the SC1 and SCO bits in a 16 bit hold register An alternative method of latching counter s which has an additional advantage of operating simultaneously on several counters is by use of a readback command to be discussed later A subsequent read operation on the selected counter returns the held value Latching is the best way to read a counter on the fly without disturbing the counting process You can only rely on directly read counter data if the counting process is suspended while reading by bringing the gate low or by halting the input pulses For each counter you must specify in advance the type of read or write operation that you intend to perform You have a choice of loading reading a the high byte of the count or b the low byte of the count or c the low byte followed by the high byte This last is of the most general use and is selected for each counter by setting the RW1 and RWO bits to ones Of course subsequent read load operations must be performed in pairs in this sequence or the sequencing flip flop in the 8254 chip will get out of step Base B Read Counter Control Byte
30. onversion programmatically Any value written to this address will cause the A D to perform a conversion on the currently selected channel at the currently selected range Use the A D Control register at Offset 2 to select the channel and range Conversions may also be started via an External Start Conversion signal pin 4 see Offset 4 or via Counters see Offset 4 Offset 1 Write Unused This address is unused writes are ignored Offset 0 Read A D Data Low byte Offset 1 Read A D Data High nybble SEL readback These addresses allow you to read the data stored in the data FIFO The data is read oldest to newest The values of SEL3 0 are placed in the four most significant bits of Offset 1 and may be used as a data tag Since the data is contained in both of these registers it is a good practice to read Offset 0 and Offset 1 with a single word read command to assure that the two data registers stay properly synchronized Data is presented in two s complement form The following shows the bit positions of the data returned Read as 16 bit integer from Offset 0 Read as byte from Offset 1 Read as byte from Offset 0 z Read a single 16 bit integer and mask off the high order 4 bits to obtain a value See the programming guide at the end of this chapter for more information Sel3 through Sel0 are a readback of the state of the Sel3 through Sel0 bits associated with the point in the point list FIFO that started the conversion See Of
31. red by ACCES which is found to be defective will be repaired or replaced subject to the following considerations Terms and Conditions If a unit is suspected of failure contact ACCES Customer Service department Be prepared to give the unit model number serial number and a description of the failure symptom s We may suggest some simple tests to confirm the failure We will assign a Return Material Authorization RMA number which must appear on the outer label of the return package All units components should be properly packed for handling and returned with freight prepaid to the ACCES designated Service Center and will be returned to the customer s user s site freight prepaid and invoiced Coverage First Three Years Returned unit part will be repaired and or replaced at ACCES option with no charge for labor or parts not excluded by warranty Warranty commences with equipment shipment Following Years Throughout your equipment s lifetime ACCES stands ready to provide on site or in plant service at reasonable rates similar to those of other manufacturers in the industry Equipment Not Manufactured by ACCES Equipment provided but not manufactured by ACCES is warranted and will be repaired according to the terms and conditions of the respective equipment manufacturer s warranty General Under this Warranty liability of ACCES is limited to replacing repairing or issuing credit at ACCES discretion for any products which are proved to be
32. s per combination of analog input expansion cards and a single A12 16A The initial AIM 16Ps are connected to the card by a special cable adapter and ribbon cable Additional AIM 16P units are connected by daisy chaining with ribbon cables In the normal system configuration each AIM 16P is connected to a single ended input of this card However if interconnection cable noise becomes problematic or if long cables are required then the AIM 16P cards can be connected to the differential inputs of the card Using the differential connection allows better monitoring of remote locations because noise will be reduced by the common mode noise rejection capability of the card Note In this configuration the maximum number of inputs that can be handled is 128 Note If the VRef from the card is to be used to power a bridge or other apparatus connected to the AIM 16 then pin 28 on J1 of the the card must be grounded Consult the factory to obtain a specially modified card that implements this option The control register at base address 3 provides channel and gain control bits for use with submultiplexers like the AIM 16 SEL3 SELO are typically used for channel and G2 G0 are used for gain If no submulitplexer is being used it is a good idea to use SEL3 SELO as ID tags These values will comprise the top four bits of the data returned from the A D converter 5 Manual PCI A12 16A Discrete Digital I O 24 bits of TTL CMOS compatible digital capa
33. starts with a value of 65 535 outportb BASEADDRESS B 0x30 counter 0 mode 0 outportb BASEADDRESS 8 0xff counter 0 low load byte outportb BASEADDRESS 8 0xff counter 0 high load byte Measuring Frequency and Period The two previous sections show how to count pulses and generate output frequencies It is also possible to measure frequency by raising the gate input of Counter 0 for a known time interval and counting the number of clock pulses accumulated for that interval The gating signal can be derived from Counters 1 and 2 operating in a square wave mode Counter 0 can also be used to measure pulse width or half period of a periodic signal The signal should be applied to the gate input of Counter 0 and a known frequency such as the 1MHz crystal controlled oscillator applied to the Counter 0 clock input During the interval when the gate input is low Counter 0 is loaded with a full count of 65 535 When the gate input goes high the counter begins decrementing until the gate input goes back low at the end of the pulse The counter is then read and the change in count is a linear function of the duration of the gate input signal Longer pulse durations can be measured if Counters 1 and 2 are used as the input clock source for Counter 0 or by using an external clock source Generating Time Delays There are four methods of using Counter 0 to generate programmable time delays Pulse on Terminal Co
34. t Trigger Source Sample and Hold Amplifier Acquisition Time Aperture Uncertainty Reference Voltage Output Digital I O Inputs Output Voltage Temp Coefficient Load Drive Logic high Logic low Drivers are 74ABT245s Logic High Logic Low Power Output Successive approximation 12 binary bits 8 usec max 5 7 usec typical 0 45 LSB maximum No missing codes Guaranteed over operating temperature range 1 bit 10 ppm C maximum 45 ppm C maximum Software selectable external trigger programmable timer or program command 1 microsecond to 0 01 typical for full scale step function input 0 3 nanosecond typical 10VDC 0 25VDC 30 ppm C 200mA maximum 2 0 to 5 0 VDC at 20 uA maximum at 2 7V 0 5 to 0 8 VDC at 0 4mA maximum 2 0 VDC min 32mA 0 5 VDC max 64mA 5 VDC from computer bus onboard resettable 0 5A fuse 7 Manual PCI A12 16A D A Specification Output ranges Load Drive Programmable Timer Type Counters Output Drive Input Gate Clock Frequency Active Count Edge Min Clock Pulse Width Timer Range Environmental Operating Temp Storage Temp Humidity Power Required AD7237 Dual 12 Bit D A s with 12 bit resolution 0 2 5 0 5 0 10 2 5 5 and 10 volts are selectable 15mA maximum per output 82C54 2 programmable interval timer Three
35. ta Reading from an input port will read the current data on that port Writing to an input port is ignored Port C can be treated as two 4 bit ports C Hi bits 4 7 and C Lo bits 0 3 instead of a single 8 bit port Often one is configured as an input port and the other as an output port to provide a few control signals in each direction Since writes to inputs are ignored one can be written to without affecting the inputs of the other Offset 13 8255 Control This register is normally used to control the direction of the 8255 digital I O ports Port modes can also be set here however the card is only designed for mode 0 contact the factory for a custom solution if modes 1 or 2 are desired Bit assignments in this control byte are as follows Port C Lo CO0 C3 1 Input 0 Output 2 Mode Selection B amp C Lo Use 0 D5 Mode Selection A amp C Hi Use 0 Mode Selection Mode 2 Use 0 D7 Mode Set Flag Use 1 Three common control bytes in hex 80 Set all ports to output 9B Set all ports to input This is their power on configuration 83 Set ports A and C Hi to output set ports B and C Lo to input D3 Port C Hi C4 C7 1 Input 0 Output 19 Manual PCI A12 16A Software Tristate Mode Normally whenever a control byte is written all output bits go low discarding their previous values if they were already outputs This is for compatibility with the industry standard 8255 chip For example if t
36. the PCI bus The interrupt for the card can be software enabled and can be initiated by various FIFO status conditions Transferring Data into the Computer This card has been designed to provide high data throughput using the PCI bus Direct I O transfers provide the easiest means of transferring the data to memory This type of transfer allows data to be sent at rates of over 100 000 samples per second Also program transfers are subject to disruption by other interrupt processes in the computer Use of real time triggering of the A D assures synchronized sampling that is unaffected by other computer operations That capability is essential in applications such as signal analysis fast Fourier transform and vibration and transient analysis where high data rates must be sustained for short intervals of time The FIFO on the card allows it to acquire data from a list of channels using a point list FIFO and to store the data in the onboard data FIFO eliminating most timing concerns Reference Voltage and Power Required A 10V 0 25 reference voltage is available from the A D reference source for external use This reference output can source up to 200 mA of current The card requires only 5VDC and 12VDC from the computer power supply 6 Manual PCI A12 16A Specifications A D Specification Type Resolution Conversion Time Integral Linearity Error Differential Non Linearity Monotonicity Linearity Zero Drift Gain Drif
37. unt After loading the counter output goes low Counting is enabled when the gate goes high The counter output will remain low until the count reaches zero at which time the counter output goes high The output will remain high until the counter is reloaded by a programmed command If the gate goes low during countdown counting will be disabled as long as the gate input is low Programmable One Shot The counter need only be loaded once The time delay is initiated when the gate input goes high At this point the counter output goes low If the gate input goes low counting continues but a new cycle will be initiated if the gate input goes high again before the timeout delay has expired i e is re triggerable At the end of the timeout the counter reaches zero and the counter output goes high That output will remain high until re triggered by the gate input 29 Manual PCI A12 16A Software Triggered Strobe This is similar to Pulse on Terminal Count except that after loading the output goes high and only goes low for one clock period upon timeout Thus a negative strobe pulse is generated a programmed duration after the counter is loaded Hardware Triggered Strobe This is similar to Programmable One Shot except that when the counter is triggered by the gate going high the counter output immediately goes high then goes low for one clock period at timeout producing a negative going strobe pulse The timeout is re triggerable i e a ne
38. w cycle will commence if the gate goes high before a current cycle has timed out 30 Manual PCI A12 16A Chapter 7 Calibration The cards are calibrated through a software routine contained in the setup program Once the card is setup run the calibration sequence as shown in the program and make the calibration adjustments on RP1 RP2 RP3 RP5 RP6 RP7 and RP8 on the board 1 Adust Bipolar Offset RP1 2 Adjust Unipolar Offset RP2 3 Adjust Bipolar Gain Connect pin 37 to pin 18 Connect pin 37 to pin 18 Connect Calibeator s positive lead to pin 37 end negative lead to pin 18 Apply 9 900 Adjust pot 1 until the value Adjust pot RP2 until the value Adjust pot marked until the value is as displayed equals 0 000 Voks displayed flickers between 0 000 and 0 003 close to 9 900 as possible Confirm that an Volts input of 3 S00 displays the proper value m m Aust Unipolar Gain RPS 5 Adjust DAC 0 Offset RPS Adjust DAC 0 Gain RPE Connect a Calibxator s positive lead to pin 37 and negative lead to pin 18 Apply a 9 950V Connect pin 37 to pin 14 Connect 37 to pin 14 Adjust pot marked RPS until the value Adjust pot marked until the value Confirm that the value is within 10mv 9 9501 is as close to 0 0125 Volts as Len is as close to 2 4875 Volks as If you plan on using Unipolar mode you can fine tune the card with pot
39. y reading this bit you can determine when the A D conversion has finished and know when to take the data CFF CFO FF FH and FO indicate when LOW that the respective status is true C FF is FIFO Full C FH is FIFO Half Full and C FO means FIFO Empty The EXT bit works like a digital input bit It shows the current state of the External Start A D pin on the connector pin 4 A D conversions can be started by pulling this pin high if XSCE is set to one in Offset 4 Offset 8 9 A and B 8254 Counter Timer Refer to the 8254 section for information on programming this device Offset C amp D DAC 0 These registers are customarily written together in a single word write instruction The value written is immediately output on DAC 0 Offset E amp F DAC 1 These registers are customarily written together in a single word write instruction The value written is immediately output on DAC 1 18 Manual PCI A12 16A Offset 10 11 and 12 8255 Digital I O Ports These registers are the ports of the 8255 offset 10 is port A offset 11 is port B and offset 12 is port C Each port is 8 bits for a total of 24 bits Each port s direction can configured independently via the control register at offset 13 All ports power up as input ports Each bit has a weak pull up so that with no signal applied all inputs read high Writing to an output port will update the data on that port Reading from an output port will read back the output da
40. ya ACCES 1 0 PRODUCTS INC 10623 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 858 550 9559 858 550 7322 contactus accesio com www accesio com MODEL PCI A12 16A USER MANUAL FILE MPCI A12 16A A10 Notice The information in this document is provided for reference only ACCES does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of the information or products described herein This document may contain or reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under the patent rights of ACCES nor the rights of others IBM PC PC XT and PC AT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation Printed in USA Copyright 2004 2006 by ACCES I O Products Inc 10623 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 All rights reserved WARNING ALWAYS CONNECT AND DISCONNECT YOUR FIELD CABLING WITH THE COMPUTER POWER OFF ALWAYS TURN COMPUTER POWER OFF BEFORE INSTALLING A CARD CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING CABLES OR INSTALLING CARDS INTO A SYSTEM WITH THE COMPUTER OR FIELD POWER ON MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE I O CARD AND WILL VOID ALL WARRANTIES IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED 2 Manual PCI A12 16A Warranty Prior to shipment ACCES equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested to applicable specifications However should equipment failure occur ACCES assures its customers that prompt service and support will be available All equipment originally manufactu
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