Home

FluidSIM 4 Hydraulics

1. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 233 B The Component Library Opening pressure compensator adjustable The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent hydraulic resistance The pressure compensator opens when the pressure difference X Y exceeds the nominal pressure A pressure relief valve is implemented by the combination of connections P and X The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Opening cartridge valve The 2 2 way cartridge valve is a 2 2 way valve It is fitted with two working ports and the two switch positions closed and open Whether or not the cartridge valve is open or closed depends on the effective areas A B and X the adjacent pressures pA pB and pX as well as the spring force A B X is valid IfpAx A pBxB gt pxX xX F then the valve opens otherwise it is closed The valve therefore operates purely pressure dependent and can with the appro priate control assume directional flow and pressure functions The spring force is specified by means of the nominal pressure This is the minimum pressure with pressureless connections at B and X necessary at connection A to open the valve Whether the valve has one A B ortwo A lt gt 8B effective areas can be specified in the properties window The re
2. FF Om DF FD FI LF 5 3 Sometimes you may want to examine a topic from different angles or Presentations Combining combine individual topics into a lesson For this purpose FluidSIM offers Instructional Material the concept entitled presentation There are a number of already prepared presentations which can be found on the FluidSIM installation disks However editing presentations or creating new presentations is also possible with FluidSIM All presentations can be found under in the menu 146 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on Didactics Presentation The following dialog box appears Presentation O0 All topics sorbed by number 01 Applications 02 Components of a hydraulic system 03 Graphic and circuit symbols 04 Fundamental physical principles nuE 05 Components of the power supply section i DE Valves in general OF Pressure valves 08 Directional control valves 09 Non return valves 10 Flow control valves 11 Hydraulic cylinders and motors 12 Measuring devices 13 Exercises 14 Educational Films Edit Presentation New Presentation Preview Description of the dialog box e Available Presentations This field contains a list of already created presentations e New Presentation Clicking on New Presentation opens a second dialog box for the crea
3. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 137 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Beside the creation and simulation of electro hydraulic circuit diagrams FluidSIM also supports teaching basic hydraulic knowledge This knowledge is presented in the form of texts overview pictures sectional views exercises and educational films Functions that realize the selection of this instruction material are found under the menu One group of these functions refers to information about single selected components Another group of functions refers to ordered overviews of the didactics material allowing the selection of an interesting topic Finally it is also possible to select and link together arbitrary topics into so called presentations Appendix B The Component Library and C Didactics Material Survey offer a complete and concise summary of the instructional material in FluidSIM The following sections contain a description of the functions found under the menu 138 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 1 The first three entries under the menu refer to selected Information about Single components and are context sensitive More precisely Components When a component in the current circuit diagram window is selected or all selected components are of the same type the menu entry Component Des
4. Throttle valve Opening Level Hydraulic Connection Pressure p MPa w Flow q mir w Electrical Connection Voltage O v Current 4 Digital Connection State Lo Hi C Display Measurement Units Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Z5 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 76 For each of the listed quantities Velocity Pressure a display mode can be chosen The display of pressure flows and force values allows the choice of different units This settings influence the display of state variables of connections components and state diagrams Description of the dialog box e None No values are displayed for this quantity e Particular Values are displayed at those connections that the user has previously chosen e All Values are displayed at all connections for this quantity e Display Measurement Units Enable this option if both state values and the related units shall be displayed For each quantity there is a key short cut for toggling between the three display modes The Shortcut column of the dialog box for the quantity display shows the appropriate keys Selecting connections for the display of single parameters is explained here Open a circuit diagram Change into the Edit Mode and double click on a component connection or click under the menu on Propert
5. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 107 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 12 Operating Switches Switches at Cylinders 108 This section describes how to operate switches by means of cylinders relays pressure or other switches Limit switches proximity switches and mechanically operated valves can be activated by the piston of the cylinder Therefore it is necessary to use a distance rule at the cylinder to position the switches correctly Drag a cylinder and a distance rule Mim to the drawing area Drag the distance rule near to the cylinder When the distance rule is dropped near the cylinder it automatically snaps in the right position Move the cylinder just slightly and the distance rule moves with it If you move the cylinder more thana centimeter in distance the connection between distance rule and cylinder is broken and the distance rule does not travel with The correct position for a distance rule depends on the type of cylinder Distance rules can be set above the cylinder before the cylinder on the moving piston or at both positions at the same time _ Double click on the distance rule Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following dialog box appears Distance rule Position Label Begin End P E di rm C CO C COO C CO O re
6. Each group represents an object Entire drawing represents a single object C Ignore ungrouped objects a Description of the dialog box e Scale Drawing The scaling factor defines scaling in percent that is applied to DXF file Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 175 6 Special Functions 176 Each group represents an object Enable this option if the DXF file contains several symbols Note that symbol elements that belong together can only be identified as such if they have been grouped within the CAD program in such a way that the outermost group of the symbol occurs in the ENTITIES section This means among others that no two symbols can belong to the same group However different symbols are allowed to share blocks the import filter of FluidSIM creates copies for shared blocks Entire drawing represents a single object If this option is enabled the entire drawing is treated as a single object Ignore ungrouped objects Enable this option if only for the grouped elements objects shall be generated The elements mentioned in section ENTITIES are not considered If this option is disabled FluidSIM comprises all ungrouped elements within a single object Elements that have been imported can be placed on each of the eight drawing layers Moreover they can be equipped with a designation which is displayed in the parts list If you have imported a CAD
7. e Label designation By default FluidSIM does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase characters in label identifiers of mechanical or electrical connections l e label identifiers are automatically converted to uppercase Now using the option Display uppercase and lowercase label identifiers are treated case sensitively Case sensitivity can be enabled for both display purposes and a more Strict label identity checking In the former case upper and lowercase characters say for instance a and A are displayed as such but treated as the same character In the latter case which is enabled by the option Distinguish between uppercase and 39 66 lowercase a and A are treated as different labels Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 115 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Digital Technique Compatibility with Siemens LOGO Soft It is a useful convention in the field of digital technology setting open input ports of AND NAND and NOT components to Hi Otherwise e g an AND gate with three input ports would not function as expected if only two of its input ports were connected Many constant Hi connections may clutter up a circuit unnecessarily and hence FluidSIM can be configured to set open input ports of the respective components always to Hi This option can be disabled of course If open input ports have been detect
8. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index R RAM see main memory __ 1 real time __ TS real time proportional ____ 5S recover circuit___ 2337 rectangle 58 275 registration 833837 regulating valve 4 3 way 238 relay counter ___ 58 delay time _ 111 general__ sss 110 number of pulses __ 111 simple__ 58 264 starting current limiter_tt__ 58 switch off delayed 258 264 switch on delayed__ 258 264 reservoir_ S 222 Retentive On delay digital 270 rubber band ___ 62 67 S scrollbar ___ YD sectional view______ GG semi rotary actuator ___J_OO AS sensors displacement encoder _________ 250 flow meter ___9 _ OSsSssSsSsSSsSSS 50 pressure sensor ____ 5 service components __O 220 Setpoint value card ___ 4B settings circuit diagram specific_____SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSCi OF didactics____ 15 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 355 Index global save save on exit simulation window specific short circuit shutoff valve shuttle valve signal devices buzzer indicator light simulation DDE different modes digital technique EasyPort existing circuits label designation line color maximum speed OPC parallel precision real time settings slow motion factor start Simulation Mode activate exit pause reseting parameters slow motion factor sound activate 192 77 192 193 114 192 332 229
9. Please mark a 3 way pressure reducing valve and click the menu option to open the window with the component description Now click the link with the function illustration 84 3 way pressure reducing valve This function illustration can be animated 142 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on or Execute Start to start the animation An animation can be frozen with M or by clicking on in the menu W or stops an animation whereas Ma or restarts an animation 5 2 The entries Tutorial Component Library and Didactics Material under the Selecting Didactics menu present the didactics material of FluidSIM organized in Material from a List the form of overview pages From these pages topics can be chosen and viewed independently of the current window and possibly selected components Tutorial Below this menu option you can launch the tutorial Simulating with FluidSIM which contains a variety of interesting experiments and an excursus By means of these useful examples you will get to know the possibilities of simulating with FluidSIM Furthermore for the most important components the mathematic models used in FluidSIM are also described Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 143 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics lt C fl_sim_h4 dida p1 ct Simulating with FluidSIM
10. There is not enough memory readily available to complete the parameter calculations To make more memory available other circuit diagrams should be closed along with any other Microsoft Windows programs that are running Then attempt to run the simulation again When there is no other possibility to free up memory the virtual memory can be increased Microsoft Windows then utilizes a section of the hard drive to increase the memory However as a result the execution speed of the program decreases greatly It would be wiser to extend the main memory by increasing the computer s RAM 336 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM D Messages x This version is not registered Please repeat the installation procedure You have tried to start an unlicensed version of FluidSIM Most likely you have changed your system configuration or important system files have become corrupt Attempt to reinstall FluidSIM into the same directory If there is a problem with the re installation you will receive a message on the screen pertaining to the problem Notify Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG of the error or the problem x Out of memory Please save changed circuits and quit FluidSIM While completing an operation for example loading a circuit diagram displaying a component photo rebuilding the desktop an error in the memory occurred FluidSIM could not cancel the operation in a proper manner You are recommended
11. Tutorial E Tutorial H O Experiments Introduction 5 Excursus H 7 Mathematical models a H Various E Component Library Welcome to the tutorial Simulating with FluidSIM H Didactics Material Hydraulics The aim of the tutorial is to provide an insight into the simulation of electro hydraulic systems using the simulation program FluidSIM and practical examples It is assumed that you are familiar with the basic functions and operation of FluidSiM Experiments B Excursus B Mathematical models B Various On the right hand side the hierarchical directory is displayed By double clicking the directory symbols you may list off or close the applicable subsections Clicking a page symbol will display the contents of the page in the open window Component Library Below the menu option you will find descriptions and photos of all FluidSIM components 144 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click a menu option Component Library to open the help pages of the component library ZA C Mfl_sim_h4 dida p2 ct DES A Component Library Component Library Tutorial C Component Library a E Hydraulic Components a E Electrical Components E E Electrical Components American H E Digital Components a H Miscellaneous Component Library Didactics Material Hydraulic Components Electrical C
12. nd select an item from the list Reverse Function Inverts the logical values of the DDE components Normally current flow corresponds to a logical 1 Select the option Use DDE by clicking Options EasyPort OPC DDE Connection Select a DDE component from the library place it onto the drawing area and open its property dialog box by either double clicking or via Edit Properties The following dialog box opens FluidSIM Input Port FFC Address The usage of the FPC addressing mode requires the option FPC Addressing Mode enabled which can be found in the menu Options ODE Connection Module Address Word Address Byte Address Reverse Function Lo 1 Cee ee Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 121 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 122 Description of the dialog box Label Label of the DDE component This label is used from within the partner application to request or to set values in FluidSIM via DDE FPC Address If FluidSIM is coupled with an application that also provides FPC addressing support the addresses of assembly word and byte can be entered here These settings are necessary only if the option FPC mode is active Reverse Function Inverts the logical values of the DDE components Normally current flow corresponds to a logical 1 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art
13. Opening FluidSIM Files by Command Line Entry Reorganization of the Internal Memory 200 Launching playback of the FluidSIM educational films manually from the video CD will open the Media Player Further hints are described in the Microsoft Windows Help under the media playback topic Normally to open a file from within FluidSIM you would click on under the menu It is also possible to open files via the Explorer There are two possible ways to go about doing this 1 You can connect files with FluidSIM that have the same extension for example ct By double clicking on a file with this extension it will be opened by FluidSIM If FluidSIM is not running at this time it will be started by the File Manager 2 Select the files that are to be opened in the usual way in the Explorer Here the window of the Explorer with the selected files should either appear next to an open FluidSIM window or next to the FluidSIM program icon on the desktop You can open the files by dragging them over FluidSIM Besides the possibilities listed above for opening FluidSIM files you can also open files by entering an appropriate command line Once in the Start menu click on and enter the file name after the program name While working with FluidSIM particular information is cached in the memory for performance purposes In some cases it is desirable to free up memory or to force a window refresh By pressing the key FluidSIM reorganiz
14. Pressure sensor analog This symbol represents the electrical part of the Analog pressure sensor Flow meter analog This symbol represents the electrical part of the Analog flow meter 250 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library General Switches Break switch General break switch that is tailored depending on the type of component that actuates it For example if the break switch is linked via a label to a switch off delay relay the break switch changes to a switch off delay break switch in the circuit diagram Make switch General make switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the make switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the make switch changes to a switch on delayed make switch in the circuit diagram Changeover switch General changeover switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the changeover switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the changeover switch changes to a switch on delayed changeover switch in the circuit diagram Break switch switch on delayed Switch with delayed opening after pickup Switch on delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch on delayed Switch with delayed closing after pickup Switch on delayed make switches are created by using a general make
15. Signal type e Display text If this field is marked a text which can be used to mark the signal element displays e Color This is the color showing the signal element Insert text boxes In this mode you can insert text boxes by a left mouse button click 90 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Marked text boxes are shown in gray color With the marked text box is deleted In the edit mode the size and position of a text box can be changed with the mouse Adjust size Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 91 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits A double click on a text box in the edit mode opens a corresponding dialog box You can adjust the representation of the text box with it Font size 9 Color Frame _ Width mm Horizontal adjustment Left Height mm Vertical adjustment TOP e Font size Font size of the text to be represented e Color Choice between sixteen standard colors for the text which can be represented e Frame If this field is marked the text box is drawn with a frame e Width The width of the text box e Height The height of the text box e Horizontal adjustment Following adjustments are available Left Centered and Right 92 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG
16. the final control element must be reversed and the hydraulic power unit switched off in order to retract the piston rod The load acting on the piston rod must be larger than the resistance of the directional control valve This solution cannot be used due to the presence of the second control chain embossing cylinder If a 3 2 way valve is used a direct switch over can be made from the advance stroke to the return stroke without switching off the hydraulic power unit Halting at overlap positions on the other hand which are not required here would be possible only by switching off the hydraulic power unit The non return valve fitted in each case protects the pump against oil back pressure This is necessary in case the hydraulic power unit is switched off with the cylinder advanced and under load Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Ladle activation of a double acting cylinder i Problem Liquid aluminum is transferred from a holding furnace into a so channel leading to a die casting machine A ladle is required for this A double acting cylinder is used to enable the ladle to carry out the appropriate movements A circuit diagram is provided for the activation of the cylinder with a 4 2 way valve as final control element This must be examined to See if it is suitable for the control task concerned The ladle must not be allowed to dip into the furnace when th
17. KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 85 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 86 Table like adjustment within a table cell In order to get a table like adjustment of text within a text box tab ulators are inserted between the separate parts of the text The text is represented in the text box according to the number of tabulators and the defined horizontal and vertical adjustments In order to set tabulators within a text field of a dialog box it is necessary to keep the _button pressed Examples 3TK1 3TK3 Font size 9 3TK2 3TK4 Color a Frame _ Width 3 mm Horizontal adjustment Centered i Height 20 Vertical adjustment Centered 3TK1 3TK3 Font size 9 3TK2 3TK4 Color ee Frame Horizontal adjustment Right Vertical adjustment Bottom Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 9 1 On the right side of a diagram row you can find the area in which the Adjust the representation curves can be drawn of the diagrams fo Time Sim 2 State change o 2 4 6 6 A double click on this area opens a corresponding dialog box You can determine the appearance of the drawing area with it Please make sure that there is no diagram element under the mouse like e g a signal element Diagram States Numbering Number Start column Base state Start number o
18. Limit switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Switch with roll changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general changeover switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general changeover switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Manually Operated Switches Pushbutton break Switch that opens when actuated and closes immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton make Switch that closes when actuated and opens immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component 254 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Pushbutt
19. again after all topics have been displayed This is known as loop mode Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions This chapter develops further concepts and functions of FluidSIM 6 1 Components in FluidSIM that cannot be simulated such as texts DXF Drawing Layers import data rectangles circles state diagrams and parts lists can be assigned to one of eight drawing layers Each layer can be shown or hidden as well as set locked or unlocked These properties are defined under View JLayers here also a layer can be given a name Components of FluidSIM that can be simulated are always on layer 1 Layers Description Display EA AA amp EAA eae amp ff amp aa pu a e Description The layer name is displayed in the dialog box of an object s properties instead of the layer number e Display If the option Show is disabled the respective drawing layer is invisible and of course can not be edited Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 157 6 Special Functions e Edit If the option Edit is disabled the respective drawing layer is still visible but cannot be edited I e the objects that belong to sucha locked layer can neither be selected nor moved or deleted By this concept e g a drawing frame can be protected To edit objects ona locked layer first unlock the layer The identifiers of componen
20. amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Shutoff Valves Shutoff valve The shutoff valve can be manually opened or closed The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0625 MPa min2 12 Check valve If the inlet pressure at Ais higher than the outlet pressure at B then the check valve allows the flow to pass otherwise it blocks the flow Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Check valve spring loaded If the inlet pressure at Ais higher than the outlet pressure at B and the nominal pressure then the check valve allows the flow to pass otherwise it blocks the flow Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 001 40 MPa 0 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Check valve with pilot control If the input pressure is higher than the output pressure the check valve opens Otherwise it is shut In addition the check valve can be opened via a control line allowing flow in both directions Adjustable parameters Area ratio 1 10 5 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Check valve with pilot control spring loaded If the input pressure is higher than the output and nominal pressure the check valve opens Otherwise it is shut In addition the check valve
21. edit 4B file format __ 01 loop mode ___ 5G play 146 topic switching __ 5G presentations overview ___ 333 pressure compensator closing 33 Opening 33 234 pressure indicator __LL 9 _ W 9 _ F ss 2 46 pressure reducing valve____ 232 adjustable 383 proportional __ A pressure relief valve misbehavior 1297 proportional__ 239 240 with pilot control ___ _ 31 without pilot control____ 231 pressure sensor __ 50 analog AG pressure switches____ 235 256 264 print circuit diagram___ 170 preview___ I setup __ 1 window contents__ __ 70 Printer select__ ZI project___ 1290 adding files___ 191 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 353 Index 354 opening files properties removing files property see component or connection proportional amplifier Proportional pressure reducing valve piloted Proportional pressure relief valve piloted proportional pump proportional technology proportional throttle valve proportional valve 4 3 way proportional valve solenoid proximity switches Pulse Relay digital pump pump unit simplified within circuit pushbutton break changeover make quantity close to zero default settings display units of measure quit unexpected 191 191 191 1 273 274 241 239 240 221 125 239 238 127 273 257 270 220 221 220 220 41 254 263 255 263 254 263 Es 193 75 193 10 337
22. they are combined by a logical AND Also note that partial matches are allowed e if you are unsure respecting the correct spelling of a component name simply partition this name into several comma separated search strings Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 187 6 Special Functions e Similarity Determines the accuracy of the match between Exact and Fuzzy This setting can be used to allow a tolerance respecting different spelling variants or typing errors e Results Contains a list of component descriptions which contain the provided search strings This list is ordered with respect to the accuracy of the match By double clicking onto a line in the list the dialog box is closed and the related component is inserted in the circuit diagram The selection marker in the list can be moved by simply clicking the mouse but also by using the arrow keys Note that the selection marker does not follow the scroll bars e Preview If the preview option is enabled the component symbol of the selected entry is shown below the list Recall that a component can also be searched by navigating along the hierarchical menu structure 188 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Fila Fdit Fveriite lihr ary Open a new diagram window and navigate through the menu hierarchy until you have reached the component throttle
23. you may display or hide entire branches by clicking the group designation By holding the Shift key you can display or hide a group including all subgroups see 3 3 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions This way of displaying is similar to the one on the left hand side of the Windows Explorer 24 Hierarchical View Component Library My Files Common Files Hydraulic Supply Elements A Pump unit Fixed displa Wanable dis oO 8 Proportional Proportional Resenroir Resenroir Diaphragm Hose with q Fitter Cooler Heater Actuators Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Double acti Configurable directional valves Zin Way W Sain Way W ain Way Wi Sin Waw W Gin waw dire Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 179 6 Special Functions e Folder View The folder view only shows the symbols of a single level in its hierarchy at a time Subgroups are represented by folder symbols To access a subordinate level please open the folder by double clicking it You may access a superordinate level by double clicking the upwards folder see 3 1 This way of displaying is similar to the symbol view on the right hand side of the Windows Explorer Rearranging a Component The components in the component library can be rearranged according
24. 3 n way valve configurable___ DG 4 3 way proportional valve ___CC 388 4 3 way regulating valve __E 388 4 n way valve configurable___ DG 5 n way valve configurable 6 n way valve configurable 8 n way valve configurable___ 5S A accumulator __ 222 activation n 11 actuation of switches _ 8G of valves__ AS without detent____SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 69 without lock __ AS actuators DC motor _ AO alignment_____O 8G ammeter 5 ampere meter___SSSSSSSSSS 250 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 339 Index 340 amplifier AND digital animation component of diagram symbols Asynchronous Pulse Generator digital background grid default setting display hide set type bialog box picture file bitmap Bitmap blind plug delete fit automatically set manually cam switch cartridge valve closing Opening CD ROM drive check valve pilot to close spring loaded with pilot control circle circuit diagram backup creation 273 274 267 142 44 272 193 68 68 165 164 276 67 99 333 67 274 234 11 229 230 229 229 276 192 28 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index current default directory drawing mistake load print save simulate superficial checking too large click see mouse click clipboard data format general closed loop control command line comparator compatibility LOGO component actuation an
25. Actual photograph of a flow control valve Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 313 C Didactics Material Survey One way flow control valve 1 The one way flow control valve is a combination of an orifice or throttle valve and a non return valve In the closed direction shown of the non return valve the volumetric flow passes via the variable throttle gap which creates a considerable resistance ES Speed reduction can be achieved by using a one way flow control valve in conjunction with a pressure relief valve or a variable delivery pump The pressure rises upstream of the flow control valve until the PRV opens and routes part of the flow to the tank In the reverse direction from B to A flow is unrestricted since the ball in the one way flow control valve allows free flow non return function ES One way flow control valves are available with a fixed restrictor and with variable flow control 2 way flow control valve 1 Flow control valves have the task of providing constant volumetric flow independently of pressure changes at the inlet or outlet of the valve This is achieved firstly by means of an adjustable restrictor which is set to the desired volumetric flow In order to keep the pressure drop across the throttle point constant a second regulating restrictor pressure compensator is also required The illustration shows the valve in its normal position tS 2 way flow control val
26. C COO O re C CO O re Corresponding components Description of the dialog box e Label The text insertion fields on the left are for naming labels from proximity switches or limit switches in electrical circuits which are actuated by the movement of the cylinder s piston e Position The description fields on the right hand column define the precise begin and end positions of the switches and of the limit switch at the cylinder Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 109 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Relays 110 At the first line please enter 35 for both labels Y1 and for begin and end position then please close the dialog box by clicking OK Immediately following a mark with the appropriate label appears beneath the distance rule Y1 l e this cylinder activates the switch or the valve with the label Y1 when its piston has moved 35 mm provided the switch in the electrical part of the circuit resp the mechanical connection of the valve was given the same label Once the cylinder in the above example has exceeded the position 35 mm the switch will be put to off If you wish the activation of the switch to last over a longer distance please enter the applicable begin and end positions in the dialog To place labels for electrical switches please double click the compo nent valves with mechanic
27. Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 21 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 22 In the ct subdirectory of the f1_sim _h installation additional subdirectories for diagrams can be created These subdirectories are automatically found by FluidSIM and extra directory icons are created for them Open the circuit diagram demo1 ct by double clicking on its miniature representation Circuit diagrams can also be opened using the File Selector dialog box By clicking on or choosing under the menu the File Selector dialog box will appear in which a circuit diagram can be opened by double clicking on its filename Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits In either case the circuit diagram is opened and displayed in a new window s4 E ProgrammeWidactic fl_sim_h4 de Ct demo_01 ct E B fx Pies ro FluidSIM switches to the simulation mode and starts the simulation of the circuit diagram When in the simulation mode the mouse cursor changes to a hand M During the simulation FluidSIM first calculates all electrical parameters pressure is calculated Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 23 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 24 This step is followed by formulating a model of the hydraulic circuit and based on this model a continuous distribution for flow and pressure
28. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 151 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics When clicking the right mouse button a context menu is opened by which among others the presentation can be closed or particular pictures picked out The files of the extended presentations are in the subdirectory ppx of the FluidSIM installation You can add new PowerPoint presentations on your own by copying the related files format ppt or pps into the ppx directory Like the other didactics material illustrations of function component photos circuit drawings educational films etc the PowerPoint presentations can linked and used within presentations cf Section 5 3 152 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 5 The FluidSIM CD ROM contains 15 educational films which last between Playback of Educational 1 to 10 minutes in length and cover a specific area of electro hydraulics Films Provided you have copied the film files onto the hard disk during the installation this menu option will not appear in this case the films are not available directly at Didactics Material Click on to open the dialog box that contains a list of the educational films Educational Film Learning Systems for Automation 2 Physical Principles Pressure fluids 3 Physical Principles Pressure and Flow Aate 4 Physical Pr
29. FluidSIM 295 C Didactics Material Survey 2 way pressure regulator 2 When the pressure rises at outlet A the force at the left hand surface of the pilot piston becomes greater the piston is displaced to the right and the throttle gap becomes narrower This causes a pressure drop In the case of slide valves it is also possible to design the control edges in such way that the opening gap increases only slowly This gives greater control precision When the preset maximum pressure is reached the throttle point closes completely the pressure set on the pressure relief valve is produced at the inlet P In the circuit illustrated the piston rod of the cylinder is executing an advance stroke The pressure at the outlet A of the pressure regulator is less than the system pressure at P and constant 7 The piston rod of the cylinder is now in its forward end position The pressure at outlet A thus continues to rise and the throttle point closes completely 296 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 7 8 Circuit diagram 2 way pressure regulator The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 2 way pressure regulator in the form of a circuit symbol It is appropriate to use PRVs only when different pressures are required in an installation The mod of operation of pressure regulator will thus be explained here by taking an e
30. Hydraulic and then Actuators 182 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Enlarge the window of the component library Using the rubber band select for example the bottom row all Actuators My Files Common Files 2 sme Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Hydraulic m Dax Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Double acti Hydraulic m Semi rotary Itis also possible to rearrange the components in the library horizontally in just a few steps lt Actuators Common Files gt O lt Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Double acti Hydraulic m Semi rotary It is not possible for the user to add components to or delete compo nents from the standard component libraries However own libraries can be constructed at the user s will Building New Component In addition to the standard component library where the available Fluid Libraries SIM components are located you may assemble additional libraries Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 183 6 Special Functions 184 In contrast to the FluidSIM standard libraries both the arrangement and the contents of such user defined libraries can defined by means of operations that add
31. Index redo__ 0a several circuits _ 70 undo ___ 0a Edit Mode activate 8D exit educational film CD ROM drive __ 11 general S 153 overview __ 330 electrical components ___ 247 american standard_____ G1 ladder diagram style 261 electro hydraulics __ OD ellipse___ 160 276 error fatal 337 message__ 833 exercise bending machine___ 320 clamping device ___O 325 drilling machine___ 839 drying oven 8G embossing press__ 322 feed control__ _ ___ SSS 2327 grinding machine__LL D _ E8319 hydraulic crane ___ 8G ladle 833 planing machine___ 8328 roller conveyor ___ 321 Explorer _ 200 external load cylinder __ DG F file Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 347 Index create delete 885 Open 200 335 replace 3335 Save 335 Save aS S a36 unknown format ______OSSSSSSSSSSSS 335 film see educational film___ filter S 222 fixed displacement pump ___ 0 flow control valve ____ 37 flow direction indicator default setting O28 general___ 77 flow divider valve ___ 8357 flow meter S 246 250 analog__ 4G force profile cylinder YG 58 Frequency Threshold Trigger digital 7 function generator 17 247 function illustration general__ 14 functional diagram __ 75 functional diagram editor ___L__L_ _P 75 G graphic primitives___E 158 cycle 160 ellipse___ 160 rectangle _ 158 Squar
32. JC mom A C C mom A C C mm A Tr EF Corresponding components This is where you may define new actuating labels or change existing ones This dialog box is identical to the one that is opened when you double click on a distance rule Configuring Way Valves The body of a valve or its operation concept can be changed by double clicking the valve The following dialog box is opened 58 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Configure Way Valve Left Actuation Description Right Actuation Spring returned Ayn Way Valve Piloted Piloted Spring returned Valve Body Manually w L Reversible Manually Hydraulically J Jil Prot J Hydraulically Electrically O O O Electrically Hydraulic resistance MPaf l min 1e 007 100 v Mirror C Horizontal Vertical AHI Description of the dialog box e Left Right Actuation For both sides the actuation modes of the valve can be defined individually it can be one or more of the categories Manually Mechanically or Hydraulically Electrically An operation mode is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a category no operation mode is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list Moreover for each side of the valve the attributes Spring returned and Piloted can be set F
33. KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Proximity Switches Magnetic proximity switch Switch that closes when a solenoid is brought near by In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Inductive proximity switch Switch that closes when the induced electro magnetic field is changed In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Capacitive proximity switch Switch that closes when its electrostatic field is changed In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Optical proximity switch Switch that closes when the light barrier is interrupted In the Simulation Mode the proximity switch can also be actuated by clicking on it Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 257 B The Component Library Relay The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Relay with switch on delay The relay picks up after a preset time when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s5 5s Relay with switch off delay The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out after a preset time when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s5 5s Relay counter The relay picks up after a predefined numbe
34. Library to their usefulness and the desire of the user In the tree view you may drag separate symbols or also entire groups of one level to another position 180 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Please mark a component in the lower section of the group Hydraulic Supply Elements Proportional Proportional 0 8 Diaphragm Hose with q Fitter Cooler Heater Drag the marked component to the top left Hydraulic Supply Elements 10 8 ee FluidSIM adds the symbol to the applicable position The order of the other symbols will be maintained FluidSIM keeps the symbols from being on top of each other or from creating gaps Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 181 6 Special Functions You may also relocate an entire group including all subgroups Close all component groups Move the group Electrical controls up You cannot change the hierarchy s layer structure this way You may only relocate symbols and groups within the same level Relocating a group will automatically relocate the entire branch below the group In the folder view you may freely relocate and rearrange the symbols Particularly gaps are allowed to exist between the symbols FluidSIM does not relocate them next to each other like in the tree view Select the folder view at and open the group
35. Miscellaneous 4rt Systems Software GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 17 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The left hand side shows the component library of FluidSIM in its hierarchical view it contains hydraulic electrical and digital components for the designing new circuit diagrams Using the menu bar at the top of the window you may access all functions provided for designing and simulating circuit diagrams The toolbar below allows convenient access to frequently used menu functions The toolbar contains the following ten groups of functions 1 10 18 0 E S al creating new circuit diagrams previewing a circuit diagram opening and saving circuit diagrams 8 printing the contents of the window for example circuit diagrams and component photos Op editing circuit diagrams alignment of components Fii rotate and mirror E using a grid Q A a aAa a zooming in and zooming out of circuit diagrams component pictures and other windows BI superficial circuit checking gt n simulating circuit diagrams directing animation basic level ie simulating circuit diagrams directing animation additional functions Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Only a certain number of the above listed functions will apply to a
36. Mode by clicking on W or under or with the F5_ key Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 41 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Drag a pressure relief valve and a second tank into the window In reality to connect a component to an existing line requires a T connection FluidSIM automatically creates a T connection when you draw a line from a connection to an existing line Using the cross wires cursor gt draw a line between the input connection of the pressure relief valve to the line connecting the pump unit and the valve Notice how the arrows in the cross wires turn inwards amp gt Release the mouse button The T connection appears on the line at the point where the mouse button was released Connect the tank to the pressure relief valve f necessary draw the line so that the wiring diagram is arranged clearly 42 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The circuit diagram should now appear somewhat like the following diagram Save the circuit by clicking on fia or File Save FluidSIM automati cally opens the File Selector dialog box if the title is new here you must give the circuit a name Start the simulation by clicking W Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 43 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The cyl
37. Number o Step width 2 Display arrows ae 2 Display grid Loop _ Display text 1 C Display text 20 Representation e States Number The entry defines the number of states and by that the number of horizontal lines in the diagram row e States Base state Horizontal lines through the base state are drawn with a thin pen Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 87 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 88 Numbering Start column The start column indicates at which column the numbering is to begin Numbering Start number The start number indicates with which number the numbering is to begin Numbering Number The number indicates how many steps are to be numbered Numbering Step width Defines the step width between two numbers Numbering Loop If this field is marked an equals sign and the start number display additionally after the last number Representation Display arrows If this field is marked two arrows display Representation Display grid If this field is marked the background grid displays Representation Display text 1 If this field is marked a text box displays It can be used for marking purposes This text box belongs to the row you have chosen and cannot be shifted into another row Representation Display text 2 If this field is mar
38. Piston Position O mm 0 5000 Piston diameter mm 1 1000 Piston rod diameter mm 0 1000 w Mounting angle a Angular degrees Deg 0 360 Internal leakage 0j kimin Fa 0 100 ka Calculated parameters Display Quantity Velocity ms Force H Description of the dialog box e Max Stroke Maximum cylinder stroke e Piston Position Piston position at the start of the simulation e Piston Diameter Diameter of the Piston Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Piston Rod Diameter Diameter of the piston rod of the cylinder e Mounting Angle The bracket affects the friction force of the moved load You may define the mass as well as the friction coefficients in the register external load e Internal Leakage This is where you may define the inner leakage of a cylinder In reality there is never an ideal cylinder since the piston never seals the chassis perfectly Thus and despite the cut off cylinder port the piston gradually slides under the load e Calculated Parameters Piston surface and annular surface will be automatically calculated from piston diameter and piston rod diameter e Display Quantities In the field Display Quantities you may tick state variables that are to be displayed alongside the cylinder when the selected option is switched on for t
39. Switches between the last view and the current enlargement of the current circuit diagram Fit to Window Q Sets the scale factor so that the entire circuit diagram can be displayed in the window The proportion between height and width remains unaltered Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus Zoom by Rubber Band a Changes the mouse cursor to a rubber band allowing a section of a window to be selected and then enlarged JE Enlarges the diagram at a factor of 1 4 V2 To repeat this action twice means a doubling in the diagram s size Ql Reduces the diagram at a factor of 1 4 V2 To repeat this action twice Zoom Out owe means a cutting in half of the diagram s size Quantity Values A Opens a dialog box for the display of quantities For each of the quantities Velocity Pressure different types of display options can be defined None Particular All Turns on or off the arrow as a direction of flow indicator The arrow for the direction of flow will be shown near the component connection that is as long as the flow is other than zero Display counter values and delay times T Displays or hides the current values of components with counting and delay behavior Display current path numbering and switching elements table N Displays or hides the current path numbering and the switching elements table in electrical
40. Systems FluidSIM 99 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following illustration shows a small example C FluidSIMitcthnoname ct Create this circuit diagram on your computer Start the simulation and observe that the indicator light is illuminated There are also electrical components that link electrical circuits with hydraulic circuits These linking components include switches that are hydraulically operated and solenoids that control directional valves Electrical circuits are drawn independently of hydraulic circuits Therefore there needs to be a way to create definite links between electrical components such as a control solenoid and hydraulic components such as a directional valve So called labels bridge the difference and link both circuit diagrams together 100 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits A label has a specific name and can be assigned to a component If two components have the same label name they are linked together although no apparent line is visible between them Entering a label takes place in a dialog box which can be opened by either double clicking on the desired component or selecting the component and then clicking Edit Properties Labels can be established on the left and right sides of an electrically operated valve by double clicking on the appropriate side as
41. Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 17 Clicking on Options EasyPort OPC DDE Connection opens the following Settings for the dialog box with settings for the EasyPort OPC and DDE communication EasyPort OPC DDE communication Options EasyPort OPC DDE Communication Properties O Do not apply remote control Direct EasyPort Connection Enable event buffer C Synchronize input and output O OPE mode Enable ewent buffer DDE mode Server FLSIMP Topic FFC Addressing Mode Description of the dialog box e Do not apply remote control Please click this field if you don t wish FluidSIM to communicate with connected EasyPorts or other applications If this option is activated FluidSIM may ignore any connected EasyPort module and may neither respond to other applications trying to establish an OPC or DDE connection e Direct EasyPort Connection Select this option if you wish to interconnect FluidS IM with other locally connected EasyPort modules Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 123 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Enable event buffer Enable this field if FluidSIM shall buffer all events and process them in a first in first out manner If this option is disabled events that occur during high computational load may go lost e Synchronize input and output Using this option you will
42. This valve is derived from a configurable 2 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 2 2 way stem Actuated valve ii If the cylinder piston actuate the stem the flow from P to A is shut off This valve is derived from a configurable 2 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 3 2 way hand lever valve In normal position the connection P is closed and A to T opened When manually actuated T is shut off and P to A opened This valve is derived from a configurable 3 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 2 way hand lever valve i In normal position the connection P is open to B and A to T When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 225 B The Component Library 4 2 way hand lever valve ii In normal position the connection P is open to A and B to T When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever
43. and drag and drop you may drag components from the component library to the drawing area Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 31 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Move the mouse cursor to a component in the library more specifically to the cylinder Press the left mouse button While continuing to hold down the button move the cursor The cylinder is then highlighted selected and the mouse cursor changes to a four way directional cross f The component s outline moves with the mouse cursor Move the cursor to the drawing area and release the button on the mouse This action places the cylinder in the drawing area Ci F lindSIMictinoname ct E x 32 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits In this way it is possible to drag each component from the component library and place it in the desired position in the drawing area In the same way it is possible to rearrange components already in the drawing area Drag the cylinder to the bottom right hand corner In order to simplify the creation of circuit diagrams the components automatically snap to grid in the drawing area Try to move the cylinder onto a non permissible area for example outside the window Outside a permissible area the mouse cursor changes to the prohibited sign the component cannot be droppe
44. bending tools are driven by hydraulic cylinders It is now desired to use the bending machine for considerably thicker steel plates than before This requires a hydraulic system pressure of 45 bar against the previous 30 bar According to the manufacturer s data the pump used is suitable for the higher operating pressure Testing reveals however that the bending process is now much too slow In this case leakage losses in the piping or directional control valve are ruled out as the cause of the problem A directly controlled pressure relief valve PRV is installed as a safety valve Measurements of the volumetric flow Q as a function of pressure p are available for this valve A characteristic curve can than be used to determine whether the loss of speed in the bending process is due to the PRV Solution The volumetric flow which is discharged to the tank when the PRV opens is entered on the horizontal axis The characteristic curve shows that the opening point of the PRV is 44 bar although it is set to 50 bar This means that part of the pump delivery is diverted at pressures greater than 44 bar Pressures of more than 44 bar are achieved during the bending process Since however the flow is divided from 44 bar onwards the volumetric flow to the cylinder is reduced from this point and the bending process slows down Measure to be taken The PRTV can be set to 60 bar if the overall installation has been designed for this higher pressur
45. closing speed Problem Workpieces are clamped by a hydraulic cylinder The closing speed must be reduced in order to prevent damage to the workpieces The opening speed must however be maintained The question here is how to incorporate the necessary one way flow control valve in the circuit Possible solutions must be examined to see what thermal side effects occur and to determine the pressure load placed on the components concerned Solution The advance stroke can as a general principle be made slower by using either inlet or outlet flow control Either solution can be used in this control in comparison with outlet flow control inlet flow control has the advantage that no pressure intensification will take place The oil heated at the throttle point will however then pass through the power component The resulting expansion of material is not however of significance for this simple vice If the solution with outlet flow control is selected it should be borne in mind that pressure intensification will take place in accordance with the area ratio of the differential cylinder of 2 1 The pressure relief valve will respond i e flow division will occur only when a pressure has built up on the piston rod side which is approximately twice as high as the system pressure set on the PRV The cylinder flow control valve and connectors used must therefore be suitable for this intensified pressure t Precision drives for machine tools are a g
46. facilitate project management and to save several process steps at a later stage must be undertaken Open all files to be added to the new project This may include for example preview windows for often used symbols libraries as well as circuit files All files that are open when creating a new project will be automatically added to the project Select and enter a file name for the new project Project files have the extension prj and should for best results reside in the same ct subdirectory as the circuit files of the project After having entered the file name in the dialog box the system creates the project file with all open files Close all windows which you don t need right now and arrange the remaining windows according to your preferences Any closed windows that belong to the project can be opened at any time by clicking Files or in the project menu Save the settings and the window arrangement as default for this project by clicking Save Settings Now Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Entering Project Properties Adding Files to a Project Removing Files from a Project Opening Project Files To enter project data select from the menu The text entered in the description field will be displayed in the status line of the main window while the project is open Project To add a new symbol a library or a circuit file to a pr
47. interesting simulation points e Color Defines the color of the diagram It is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color e Fill Area Defines whether the entire diagram or only its frame is filled with specified the color Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 79 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Line Thickness This is where you define whether curves in the diagram are to be thick or thin Thin lines are appropriate for exact reading of the values thick lines are appropriate for spotting the curve from a distance e Diagram Columns This is where you select the columns to be displayed at the left hand side of the diagram The columns Description Designation and Quantity value can be combined to your choice e Layer Sets the drawing layer of the diagram It is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on drawing layer the diagram may be invisible or not selectable In such a case the drawing layer must be activated via before the diagram can be modified State quantities of the following components can be recorded and displayed in the state diagram 80 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Component Cylinder Way valve Pressure Me
48. is called pump bypass or also pump recirculation t In the case of pump bypass the pump needs to operate only against the resistance of the valve which has a favorable effect on the power balance The valve is in its left hand switching position there is flow from P to Aand aT Rh from B to T The circuit shows the 4 3 way valve in functional representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder The valve is in its mid position the pump delivery flows via the by pass line within the pilot piston to the tank t The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the piston rod of the cylinder is subject to an external load Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 305 C Didactics Material Survey 114 Circuit diagram 4 3 way valve with pump bypass The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 3 way valve as a circuit symbol The animations show the switching of the 4 3 way valve into the three switching positions and the corresponding cylinder movements During the advance stroke movement can be halted by switching to the mid position t As appropriate to the application in question a circuit of this kind must be equipped with a brake valve to prevent damage to the installation when the valve is switched to the mid position See also topic 64 From the logic point of view 4 3 way valves are 4 2 way valves with an additional mid pos
49. is controlled by the connected pressure loads The shock adsorber can be adjusted by means of two adjustment screws The piston contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Max stroke 1 5000 mm 200mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm Omm Piston diameter 1 1000mm 16mm Piston rod diameter 0 1000 mm 10mm Mounting angle 0 360Deg 0Deg Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Moving mass 0 10000 kg Okg Static friction coefficient 0 2 0 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 0 Force 1000000 1000000 N ON Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 243 B The Component Library Double acting cylinder with in and out piston rod and shock adsorber at stroke end The piston of the cylinder is controlled by the connected pressure loads The shock adsorber can be adjusted by means of two adjustment screws The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Max stroke 1 5000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm Piston diameter 1 1000mm 16mm Piston rod diameter 0 1000 mm 10mm Mounting angle 0 360Deg 0Deg Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Moving mass 0 10000 kg Okg Static friction coefficient 0 2 0 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 0 Force 1000000 100000
50. limits the contamination of the fluid respecting a certain tolerance value in order to reduce the risk of damage at the components Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0001 MPa min2 12 222 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Cooler An unacceptable fall in the hydraulic fluid s viscosity can be avoided through the use of a cooler Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0001 MPa min2 12 Heater The hydraulic fluid s optimal viscosity can be reached quickly through the use of a heater Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0001 MPa min2 12 Connection hydraulic A hydraulic connection is a place where a hydraulic line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Hydraulic connections can be shut by means of a blind plug An open hydraulic connection may result in leaking oil FluidSIM Hydraulics thus pops up a warning message if some hydraulic connection was left open Note that at each hydraulic connection values for the flow and pressure can be displayed Line hydraulic A hydraulic line links two hydraulic connections Note that a hydraulic connection may be a simple hydraulic connection or a T junction A hydraulic line causes no pressure drop i e it has no fluidic resistance From a draw
51. numbering system can not be used due the overlaps involved Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 279 C Didactics Material Survey C 3 Symbols aa Circuit symbols for energy transfer 1 Deucaquaile ystraudioch The symbols shown are used in circuit diagrams for energy transfer and Drude Arter Fakahu hydraulic fluid preparation tereug n the interests of clarity the lines in the circuit diagram should be drawn bluse Lect lung without cross overs as far as possible Letuncavcitind n The direction of the arrows in the circuit symbols for the heater and cooler correspond to the direction of heat flow PAE TE EE i Hydraulic pumps are shown by a circle with a part representation of a drive Ar Arena Ar shaft Triangles in the circles show the direction of flow The triangles are eee ined E A shown solid since pressure fluid is used in hydraulics 2wa romi ch raen t fthe pressure medium is gaseous as in the case of pneumatics the Slekrormate UM triangles are shown in outline Wa trestaliraschlys The symbols for hydraulic motors are distinguished from the symbols for hydraulic pumps by the fact that the arrows showing the direction of flow are the other way round 280 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 15 Circuit symbols for single acting cylinders Single acting cylinders have one port i e pressure fluid can be ap
52. opposed to clicking in the middle of the component The following example explains how labels can be used in FluidSIM Activate the Edit Mode by clicking on MJ or Execute Stop Create the circuit diagram as shown in the following figure E ProgrammeWidactic fl_sim_h4 de Ctiele E B fx Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 101 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits So that the valve can be controlled by the solenoid you have to link the components with a label Double click on the control solenoid or simply select the control solenoid and click under Edit Properties The following dialog box appears Valve solenoid Corresponding component of pneumatic circuit Description of the dialog box e Label This text field gives the label its name A label can be up to 32 characters in length consisting of letters numbers and symbols Enter a name for this label for example Y1 Double click on the outside of the valve solenoid to open the dialog box for the label name Input the same label name as for the solenoid for example Y1 The solenoid is now linked to the valve 102 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits In practice the valve solenoid would not be directly controlled by the switch rather via an intermediate
53. port Panda tank port T The supply port is always connected to one of the working ports while the second working port is routed to the tank In the neutral position there is flow from P to B and from A to T t 4 2 way valves with three pistons require a leakage oil port since hydraulic fluid would otherwise be trapped within the valve The circuit shows the 4 2 way valve in functional representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder t The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the piston rod of the cylinder is subject to an external load The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 2 way valve as a circuit symbol 304 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 110 4 3 way valve with pump bypass 1 From the logic point of view 4 3 way valves are 4 2 way valves with an additional mid position There are various versions of this mid position in the mid position in the example shown the supply port P is directly connected to the tank T see next illustration In the switching position shown there is flow from P to B and from A to T t 4 3 way valves are easy to construct as slide valves and of complex design as poppet valves The 4 3 way valve is in its mid position there is flow from P to T while A and B are closed Since the output from the pump flows to the tank this switching position
54. procedure Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 203 A FluidSIM Menus A 1 File 204 This chapter contains a complete listing of the menus in FluidSIM and can be utilized as a quick reference guide The term current circuit refers to the selected circuit diagram window A selected window will always be fully visible and its title bar will be highlighted New Ctr sN Opens a new window to create a circuit diagram The default name for the new circuit diagram is noname ct If a circuit with this name already exists a number is appended to the title noname to create a unique file name Open Ctrl 0 ce Opens the File Selector dialog box which allows you to select and open a circuit diagram Close Ctrl W Closes the active window Provided the window content has not been saved a corresponding request will be prompted Save Ctrl S Bl Saves the current circuit diagram The circuit diagram window remains open Opens the File Selector dialog box and you can save the current circuit under a different name This name appears in the title bar of the circuit diagram window and becomes the new name for the circuit Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus Circuit Preview Ctrl U Bl Opens the circuit diagram preview windows Double clicking on a miniature circuit diagram will load the circuit Circuit diagrams can be selected and deleted in t
55. set on the system pressure limiter is produced at the inlet P If the pressure rises above the preset value as the result of an external load at outlet A the valve opens to allow flow from A to the tank port T pressure limiter function tS 3 way pressure regulators are available with both positive and negative piston overlap If a 3 way pressure regulator is created by combining a 2 way pressure regulator and a pressure relief valve the overlap is adjustable The animation shows both the pressure regulator and pressure limiter function of a 3 way pressure regulator through the example of a roller which exerts a constant pressure on moving material of variable thickness t The final control element which is normally interposed has been omitted here in the interests of clarity A 3 way PR is shown here in a functional representation incorporated into a model circuit diagram The piston rod of the cylinder is subject to external force and the pressure regulator provides a pressure limiter function 298 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 86 3 way pressure regulator 6 The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the functional representation of the 3 way pressure regulator replaced by a detailed circuit symbol tS 3 way pressure regulators are available with both positive and negative piston overlap If a 3 way pressu
56. specifically with help for questions concerning the use of FluidSIM It also includes tips for the advanced user Reference Appendix A contains a complete listing of FluidSIM menus and is intended to be used as a quick reference for all FluidSIM functions Appendix B contains the library of all FluidSIM components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 9 1 Welcome 1 3 Conventions 10 Appendix C contains the component illustrations the animations the exercises and the educational films Appendix D contains a listing of messages that may occur while using FluidSIM along with a brief explanation for each User instructions are indented and marked with the arrow important passages begin with the symbol The symbols found on the FluidSIM toolbar are represented in this manual with the appropriate icon menu entries are shown framed function keys are represented with their appropriate key symbol For example W is the icon used to start a simulation indicates the Open entry under the File menu F9 stands for function key es In this manual the term clicking with a mouse means using the left mouse button It is explicitly stated when the right button is to be used Values for quantities calculated and displayed in FluidSIM are expressed in the following units Quantity Unit of measure Pressure p bar MPa psi Flow q l min gal min Velocity v m s Force F N K
57. switch and setting a label Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 251 B The Component Library Changeover switch switch on delayed Changeover switch with delayed changeover after pickup Switch on delayed changeover switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Break switch switch off delayed Switch with delayed closing after dropout Switch off delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch off delayed Switch with delayed opening after dropout Switch off delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Changeover switch switch off delayed Changeover switch with delayed changeover after dropout Switch off delayed changeover switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label 252 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Limit Switches Limit switch break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Switch with roll break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general break switch se
58. the chosen input of the digital module the digital input is set to Hi If a digital input is used outside a digital module there is an additional analog electrical connection at the digital input If there is an analog signal of more than 10V at this connection the digital input is set to Hi As an alternative you can click on the digital input with the left mouse button in order to set it to Hi Another click resets the value to Lo Digital output Digital outputs are designated with an Q The output connects a digital signal through from its input to its output In FluidSIM digital components can be used inside and outside a digital module If a digital output is used inside a digital module you can determine the output connector of the digital module in question with which the digital output shall be linked by allocating a number Q1 to Q16 If the status of the digital output is Hi a potential of 24V is set at the corresponding output connector of the digital module If a digital output is used outside a digital module there is an additional analog electrical connection at the digital output If the status of the digital output is Hi a potential of 24 V is set a this connection Memory bits Memory bits are designated with a M Memory bits are virtual outputs with a value at their output analog to that at their input When the simulation start is activated you can define b
59. the following illustration Please note that you need to remove the blind plugfrom the valve connection before you may define connections Instead of the function generator the displacement encoder now supplies the input voltage for the proportional valve solenoid To define the label for the cylinder please choose the option Sensing in the register Configuration of the properties dialog Please launch the simulation and observe how the cylinder retracts and how the valve moves further in the closed position Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits This is how the cylinder gradually becomes slower until the moment it finally and entirely retracted Strictly speaking this does not exactly represent a position control because the cylinder would have ended its movement at the at the stop anyhow Now we will therefore change the correlation between piston position of the cylinder and output voltage in the displacement encoder If the cylinder is e g to stop in the middle the valve needs to be exactly in closed position when the cylinder has reached this position Since the output voltage changes proportionally to the piston position it will be easy to calculate how the voltages at the two limits cylinder retracted cylinder advanced are to be defined so that O volts are about at the moment of half of the cylinder stroke Position sensing s
60. the left Release the mouse button 38 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Immediately the line is redrawn a E Programme Didactic fl_sim_h E IBES In the Edit Mode the components and lines can be selected moved or deleted by clicking on or by pressing the key Connect the remaining components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 39 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The circuit diagram should look somewhat like the following one za E Programme Didactic fl_sim_h The circuit diagram has been completely drawn and connected Attempt to simulate this circuit 40 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits During simulation all pressures and flow rates are calculated all lines are colored and the cylinder s piston extends a E Programme Didactic fl_sim_h E B fx After the cylinder has been extended the pressure in the cylinder supply line must inevitably increase This situation is recognized by FluidSIM and the parameters are recalculated the pressure downstream of the pump unit increases to the value as defined by the pump unit safety guard In order to keep the value of the maximum pressure low the pump unit must be equipped with a pressure relief valve Activate the Edit
61. the output the displacement encoder system provides a voltage proportional to the piston position of the interconnected cylinder This voltage will be at its defined minimum when the cylinder is retracted completely the voltage will be at its defined maximum when the cylinder is advanced completely Display Styles for Labels If a label shall be displayed framed similar to the display of component descriptions click onto View JLabels 106 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following dialog box opens View Labels Frame Labels Mechanical Coupling Electrical Coupling Ceres ee In the dialog box for each label of the circuit its style framed or not framed can be defined FluidSIM will place the labels automatically in such order that they will usually be at an appropriate position near the component resp near the connection Instead you may also move the labels using the mouse or the keyboard To do this please click the label and move it to the desired position To change the position using the keyboard please mark the label or the applicable connection and move it with the curser keys FluidSIM keeps you from moving the label too far away from the applicable component or the connection Once a particular distance is exceeded you won t be able to move the label any further away in that particular direction
62. to allow the piston to move it has a certain clearance and floats in hydraulic fluids Ring grooves ensure an even film of oil and thus pressure equilibrium The piston can thus be moved with minimal frictional losses t This type of valve cannot provide a perfect seal which means that there is always a certain oil leakage 53 Poppet valves In poppet valves a ball cone or occasionally a disk is pressed against a seat area to act as a Sealing element Valves of this type provide a very efficient seal Talerziznli Kogedlhaeerl Kugabilzenn il a 290 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Piston overlap Sinia mil Arkaik i The switching characteristics of a valve are governed by among other things its piston overlap A distinction is made between positive negative and zero overlap In the case of positive overlap the port in question is completely covered by the piston while with negative overlap it is less than completely covered In the case of zero overlap the distances between the control edges of the piston and of the port are exactly the same t The individual control edges of the pilot piston can have different overlaps In the case of negative overlap flow from A to T is not quite closed when the inlet P is opened This means that the pressure at port A rises slowly and the piston starts gently In manufacturers data sheets overlap positions
63. to the simulating computer you are recommended to define a direct connection Initially please select the option direct EasyPort connection in the menu EasyPort OPC DDE Connection Please drag an input or output component from the component library in the circuit diagram window and open the properties dialog by double clicking or by accessing menu Edit Properties Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 117 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following dialog box will open FluidSIM Input Port EasyPort Assignment List ports with connected EasyPorts only Serial port Automatically Module 1 Port number 1 Connection color Connection established No connection Description of the dialog box e EasyPort Assignment This is where you may define which serial port the hardware uses to connect to your computer which EasyPort module and which port number is assigned to the i o module If you don t know exactly which number is used by the serial interface please use automatically setting FluidSIM will scan all COM ports for connected EasyPorts 118 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits By standard the EasyPort hardware comes with a serial interface which has proved to work well for years in the world of computers as well as in the world of ind
64. until a configured time has expired When the input status turns to Hi the output Q is switched instantaneously to Hi If the status at input Trg changes from Hi to Lo the off delay starts After expiration of the configured time the output is reset to Lo off delay When the input Trg is switched on and off again the off delay restarts The input R Reset is used to reset the delay time and the output before the configured time has expired Adjustable parameters Off delay time 0 100s 3s On Off delay An output with on off delay is switched on after a specified time and is reset on expiration of a second specified time As soon as the status at input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the configured on delay time starts If the status at input Trg remains Hi at least for the duration of the configured time the output Q is set to Hi on expiration of the on delay time the output follows the input on delayed If the status at input Trg changes again to Lo before the configured on delay time has expired the time is reset When the status at input returns to Lo the configured off delay time starts If the status at the input remains Lo at least for the duration of the configured off delay time the output is set to Lo on expiration of that time the output follows the input off delayed If the status at the input returns to Hi before this time has expired th
65. via the configurable pulse duration and pulse pause duration It is possible to invert the output with input INV The input INV only negates the output if the block is enabled via EN Adjustable parameters Impulse time 0 1 100s 3s Impulse pause time 0 1 100s 1s Frequency Threshold Trigger The output is switched on and off depending on two frequencies which can be specified The threshold trigger measures the signals at input Fre The pulses are captured across a measuring interval which can be specified If the frequency measured within the measuring interval higher than the input frequency the output Q is switched to Hi Q is switched again to Lo when the measured frequency has reached the value of the output frequency or if it is lower Adjustable parameters On frequency 0 1 10 pulses sec 6 pulses sec Off frequency 0 1 10 pulses sec 2 pulses sec Time interval 0 1 100s 5s 272 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library B 5 Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Connection mechanical A mechanical connection constitutes a place holder for the label of a valve solenoid To simplify clicking a mechanical connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Valve solenoid The valve solenoid switches the valve By means of a label the valve solenoid can be linked to a valve that is solenoid operated Proportional valve solenoid position con
66. 0 N ON Single acting cylinder By connecting a sufficiently high pressure load the piston of the cylinder is extended to its stop To move the piston back an external force must be applied Adjustable parameters Max stroke 1 5000mm 200mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm Omm Piston diameter 1 1000mm 16mm Piston rod diameter 0 1000 mm 10mm Mounting angle 0 360Deg 0 Deg Internal leakage 0 100 l min MPa Ol min MPa Moving mass 0 10000kg 0kg Static friction coefficient 0 2 0 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 0 Force 1000000 1000000 N ON 244 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Measuring Devices Hydraulic motor The hydraulic motor transforms hydraulic energy into mechanical energy Adjustable parameters Displacement 0 001 5 Liter 0 0082 Liter Friction 0 01 100 N m s rad 0 0128 N m s rad Moment of inertia 0 0001 1kg m2 0 0001 kg m2 External torque 1000 1000 Nm ONm Semi rotary actuator The semi rotary actuator is controlled by alternately switching the pressure In the end positions the swivel cylinder can activate switches or valves via labels Adjustable parameters Rotation angle 1 360Deg 180 Deg Displacement 0 001 5 Liter 0 1 Liter Friction 0 01 100 N m s rad 0 1 N m s rad Moment of inertia 0 0001 1kg m2 0 001 kg m2 External torque 1000 100
67. 0Nm ONm Initial position One of Left Right Left Manometer The manometer measures the pressure at its connection Differential pressure gauge The differential pressure gauge displays the pressure difference between the adjacent pressures at the left and the right connection Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 245 B The Component Library Pressure indicator An optical signal is activated when the pressure at the connection to the pressure display exceeds the preset switching pressure Adjustable parameters Switching pressure 0 0001 40 MPa 3 MPa Color One of 16 standard colors Dark red Pressure sensor analog This symbol represents the hydraulic part of the analog pressure sensor The analog pressure sensor measures the adjacent pressure and transforms it into a proportional electrical voltage signal In the process only pressures in the specified pressure ranges are considered Within this range the pressure in the voltage range from 0 V to 10 V is represented i e the minimum pressure delivers 0 V and the maximum pressure 10 V Flow meter The flow meter measures the flow rate Either the current flow or the total quantity flowed can be displayed The component image is automatically adjusted accord ingly Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0001 MPa min2 12 Flow meter The flow meter consists of a hydraulic motor connected t
68. 0s Off time 0 1 1000s 30s Repeat every 0 1 1000s 60s Up Down Counter Depending on the configuration of the input Dir an internal value is counted up or down through an input pulse The output is set when the configured count value is reached With every status change at the input Cnt from Lo to Hi the internal counter is increased Dir Lo or decreased Dir Hi by one unit If the internal counter is equal or larger compared to the specified value the output Q is set to Hi You can use the reset input R to reset the internal count value and the output to Lo As long as R Hi also the output is Lo and the pulses at input Cnt are not counted Adjustable parameters Counter 0 9999 pulses 5 pulses Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 271 B The Component Library Symmetric Clock Generator A timing signal with a configurable period is given at the output Via the duration of the pulses you can determine the length of the on and off times Via the input En for Enable you can switch on the clock generator that is the clock generator sets the output to Hi for the duration of the pulse subsequent the output to Lo for the duration of the pulse and so on until the input status is Lo again Adjustable parameters Impulse time 0 1 100s 0 55 Asynchronous Pulse Generator The pulse profile of the output can be changed
69. 1 is actuated the workpiece is first clamped at full system pressure If 2V1 is now actuated the system pressure will drop to the operating pressure of the drilling cylinder The same applies to the pressure at the clamping cylinder If the circuit is expanded to include the pressure regulator 1V3 this enables the clamping pressure to be adjusted The system pressure upstream of the PRV will however continue to fall during the advance stroke of 2A In order to maintain the preset clamping pressure at outlet A of the PRV reliably the pressure at inlet P must be higher than this This can be achieved by fitting the additional flow control valve OV2 upstream of the final control element 2V1 Maximum return stroke speed is achieved for the clamping cylinder by means of 1V2 which is used to by pass 1V3 The flow control valve 2V3 means that the advance stroke speed of the drilling cylinder is independent of load and adjustable Due to the tractive load of the attached spindle however an additional PRV must be fitted as a back pressure valve The non return valves 2V2 and 2V5 provide a by pass during the return stroke and allow maximum speed to be achieved during this t A parts list can be specified to help in the drafting of this circuit Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 329 C Didactics Material Survey C 14 Educational Films 330 No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 m a a i A Om A W N e O Title L
70. 232 230 249 249 120 27 116 117 20 115 114 115 120 70 25 115 114 115 333 23 26 69 27 27 115 114 356 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index change file Square _ 158 275 starting current limiter____E 5B state diagram __ _O 75 state values diagram_ 78 recording 7B status bar display hide_____ 29D of FluidSIM s 19 status controller___SSSSSSSSSSSSSS 260 status indicator ______ 7G superficial checking __ O97 switch at cylinder___EOEO 108 automatic altering Capacitive _ 57 coupling 110 111 general break 51 261 changeover __ 5 make___ 251 261 inductive ___ 57 limit break___ 253 263 changeover __ 5G make ____ 253 263 manually actuated break 54 255 263 changeover _ssssssSsSsSSSSSss 55 263 make___ sss 254 255 263 optical__t 57 pressure 256 break___ 5G 264 changeover_ 5G Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 357 Index hydraulic symbol __ 85 make___ sss 256 264 reed contact______ DW P53 254 Reed contact ____O 53 solenoid ___ 57 switch off delayed break 5 262 changeover __ 5 make 5 262 switch on delayed break 251 262 changeover ___ 5 make___ S51 262 with roll__ _ _ 253 254 switching element table symbol DXF 77 symbols configurable____ AO Symmetric Clock Generator digital 72 T T connection __ 4 71 T junction digital 2G electrical__ 249 hydraulic__ 3 table swi
71. 511 Closed loop hydraulics from Festo Didactic The output voltage restriction can be set within the range i 10 V to 10 V or ii O V to 10 V In the range i a manipulated variable offset from 7 V to 7 V can be specified and in the range ii a manipulated variable offset from 1 5 V to 8 5 V can be specified The status controller requires a power supply of 24 V Adjustable parameters Deviation gain 0 10 1 Velocity damping 0 100ms Oms Acceleration damping 0 10ms2 Oms2 Total gain 0 1000 1 EasyPort OPC DDE Components ED FiyglSIM Out g futo FluidSIM In Module 1 Port 1 260 FluidSIM Output Port Communication with the EasyPort Hardware and other applications is implemented with the FluidSIM Output FluidSIM Input Port The FluidSIM input realizes the communication with other applications Communi cation with the EasyPort Hardware and other applications is implemented with the FluidSIM Output Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library B 3 Electrical Components American Standard Power Supply Electrical connection OV ladder OV connection of the power supply Electrical connection 24V ladder 24V connection of the power supply Break switch ladder General break switch that is tailored depending on the type of component that actuates it For example if the break switch is linked via a label to a switch off de
72. 69 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Editing and Simulating in In FluidSIM it is possible to open more than one circuit diagram at a Parallel time Each circuit can either be simulated or edited This fact means that the Simulation Mode and the Edit Mode are applied uniquely and independently to each window containing a circuit diagram This concept means that it is possible to edit one circuit diagram while other circuits are in the background running in simulation FluidSIM H DE File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Deu gan SOel2 2 SM od h s a RQRRAAQ A am a ws A Hierarchical View Component Library Sei A E Didactic fl_sim_h4 Sele My Files Common Files Hydraulic Supply Elements 4 E Didactic fl_sim_h4 fel Pump unit Fixed displa Variable di oad Oe Proportional Proportional 0n r0 Hose with q Filter mmm Distance rule Single actin Hydraulic m Configurable directi Edit Mode Circuit changed 70 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 4 Linking Components Automatically Insertion of T connections Connecting Components in Series It s in the nature of hydraulics that the simulation of circuits is a demanding problem Therefore when us
73. A line style is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a style Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 161 6 Special Functions e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the ellipse The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the ellipse may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible ellipse or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers 6 3 The concept of text components in FluidSIM gives the user a way in Text Components and which to describe components in diagrams assign identification texts Identifications or to provide commentary on the diagram The text and the appearance of text components can be customized to the user s liking Text components function in much the same as other fluidic or electrical components in FluidSIM The dummy text component Text can be found in the component library and it can be dragged onto the drawing area However text components contain no connections As long as the setting Protect Text Components remains switched off the text components can be marked dragged deleted and rotated in the same way that other components are handled When this setting is activated the text components can neither be marked nor moved or de
74. Art Systems FluidSIM 119 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 16 FluidSIM can exchange data with other applications thus it may coupled OPC and DDE with programmable logic controllers PLC for instance Prerequisite communication with Other for such a coupling is the ability of the partner application to provide Applications an OPC interface and to act as a so called DDE client respectively From within a FluidSIM circuit the DDE coupling is realized by means of two electrical DDE components each of which providing eight inputs and outputs respectively Further information and examples regarding the DDE communication can be found on the FluidSIM CD in the DDE directory Firstly enable the option OPC mode in the EasyPort OPC DDE Connection Drag an input or output component from the component library and open the property dialog box by double clicking the component or by clicking on Edit Properties The following dialog box opens FluidSIM Input Port Be eee FestoDidactic E20PC 1 ltem EasyPort InputPort Reverse Function Lo 1 Cres Hee Description of the dialog box e OPC Server Enter the OPC server here or click on from the list and select a server 120 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Item Enter the data item here or click on
75. BR A Description Pressure relief valve Pump unit simplified representation Tank Tank Bectrical connection 24 Bectrical connection O Relay Detent switch make 4 2 way solenoid valve Double acting cylinder Double acting cylinder 7 K1 1 K1 iv 1A2 1y e Valve solenoid The parts list component analyzes all components of the diagram and generates table with columns for the component identifications and the component designations In this connection FluidSIM uses existing labels and texts as component identifications Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 167 6 Special Functions The sorting of the table can be customized to the user s liking moreover the parts list can be exported as a text file Also note that more than one parts list component can be inserted in a diagram Properties of Parts Lists Double click on a parts list component or select a parts list component and click on in the menu Parts List Listing Accumulated Parts List Single Position Parts List Sort lines Leave unsorted Designation Number Ascending Designation Number Descending Component Description Ascending Component Description Descending Description of the dialog box e Listing With the Accumulated Parts List option enabled all components of the same type become comprised into a single row As a consequence the first column of the par
76. Basic Level TP 601 and Electrohydraulics Advanced Level TP 602 These circuit diagrams can be opened and simulated with FluidSIM as follows Click on or choose in the menu 20 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Preview windows containing overviews of existing circuit diagrams should appear FluidSIM H Eak File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Deug beel E E SM oo Soo S A QRRAQQQA YM ar e pw Hierarchical View Component Library f Ex A FluidSIM Circuits PBS aa Common Fies 4 Hydraulic Digital Technique Didactics Material Digital Technique TP 501 Hydraulic TP 502 Hydraulic EasyPortiOPC DDE e TP 511 Regelhyd TP 601 Bectro h TP 602 Hectro h TP 701 Proportio AS TP 702 Proportio demo_01 ct demo_02 ct demo_03 ct 1 I pi demo_05 ct _OF ct Se ar OIE a 25 Files C fl_sim_h4ict A preview window displays the circuit diagrams of a specific directory in alphabetical order accompanied by a miniature representation The name of the current directory is shown in the title bar of the preview window the files of the FluidSIM circuit diagrams contain the extension ct By double clicking a directory icon you go down to the respective subdirectory Festo Didactic GmbH amp
77. Circuit diagrams using FluidSIM Diagrams 28 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Create an empty drawing area by clicking on B or under to open a new window FluidSIM H DE Fie Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window G DEA SSlo kt BOL SMO w i E B QAKRQAQQQ YM AP n a D gt pw ma Hierarchical View Component Library Bele za C fl_sim_h4 Ct noname ct BAR Common Files i Hydraulic Supply Elements Aal OIS uw Pump unit Fixed displa Variable dis Proportional Proportional Reservoir Reservoir Diaphragm a lt gt lt gt Hose with q Filter Cooler Actuators Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Double acti Valves Configurable directional valves Circuit diagrams can only be created or altered in the Edit Mode The Edit Mode is indicated with the following mouse cursor Each and every newly opened drawing area automatically contains a name with which it can be saved This name is found in the title bar of the new window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 29 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 30 While in basic mode you will see the available component groups in the hier
78. Clicking the right mouse button on a component connection is actually a short cut for the following two actions Clicking the left mouse button on the component connection and opening a menu Double clicking the left mouse button on a component connection is a short cut for the following two actions Selecting the component connection and clicking on Edit Properties Selected components can be copied to the clipboard by clicking on or Edit Copy the component can then be inserted in the circuit diagram by clicking on amp J or Edit Paste In the same way it is possible to paste the contents of the clipboard into another graphic or word processing program Within a circuit diagram selected components can also be copied by _key and moving them The mouse cursor holding down the changes then to the copy symbol fe Components can simply be copied between windows by selecting the desired components and dragging them in the other window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 65 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Aligning Objects Rotate and Mirror Deleting Lines 66 To align objects firstly select these objects and then click on the icon Seem or on the appropriate entry in the menu Reference object is always the object which lies furthermost in the desired direction If for instance several components shall become aligned left all but one objects are m
79. Color Defines the color of the rectangle s border A color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color Fill Area Defines whether the entire area or only the border of the rectangle is colored Line Style Defines the line style of the rectangle A line style is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a style Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 159 6 Special Functions Ellipses 160 e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the rectangle The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the rectangle may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible rectangle or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers By selecting an ellipse and clicking on Edit Properties or by simply double clicking it its property dialog box is opened Ellipse Center Radius re Center y Radius ry Starting Angle gl Ending 4ngle ol Color Description of the dialog box e Center x Defines the x coordinate of the ellipse center Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be moved with the mouse e Center y Defines the y coordinate of the ellipse center Instead of providing a n
80. Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 10 Flow Valves 140 Needle restrictor Throttle and orifice valves are used to achieve a certain pressure drop This is done by creating a specific flow resistance The needle flow control valve shown generates considerable friction due to its long narrowing This means that the action of the flow control valve is difficult to adjust due to the fact that a small adjustment produces a large change in cross section One advantage is the simple and inexpensive design Needle flow control valves can be used if the above mentioned negative properties can be ignored for the purposes of a given control task Gap restrictor with helix Its short narrowing means that the action of this gap flow control valve is virtually independent of viscosity The helix provides precise adjustability since adjustment from fully open to fully closed requires a 360 turn The helix is however very costly to produce 142 Circuit diagram Flow division using restrictor Throttle and orifice valves control the volumetric flow rate in conjunction with a pressure relief valve The PRV opens when the resistance of the flow control valve becomes greater than that of the opening pressure set on the PRV This produces a division of flow The volumetric flow to the load device varies i e the action of flow control valves is load dependent Flow control valve
81. FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window FESTO FluidSIM 4 Hydraulics User s Guide Eel D e u 64 Er e E g9 j Ej O99 oof po oo QAAAAAQ V E Me H gt Hierarchical View Component Librar lt E Didactic fl_sim_h4 en dida p GG 4 E idactic fl_sim_h4 en dida p3_1_2_4 ct F My Files y Common Fi Component library Didactics material Z Hydraulic Component library Hydraulic Components lt Didactics material lt Basics and working principles Supply Elements a Pump unit Fixed displa 4 Variable dis Simulation Mode 100 Real time Dads wing cytenber wih pon rend a feared saes wich cont baa uat Adjustable paramerors The ropreceartiderne of ten actuator we Max stroke oT i an harami we teem on the nrt Grout baa nerd ose a praana Fer Liwa treme peren Paxan pombon Piston daea Paton ma damea Mounong mgle 8 00 440 698530 EN 06 06 FluidSIM Hydraulics is the result of a joint research venture between the Measuring and Control Technology Department of Duisburg University and the Knowledge based Systems Department of the University of Paderborn Concept and development of FluidSIM Hydraulics is based on research work carried out by Dr Daniel Curatolo Dr Marcus Hoffmann and Dr habil Ben
82. G When attempting to perform certain actions you are prompted to The Most Frequently insert the FluidSIM CD Occurring Problems FluidSIM cannot find certain installation directories on the hard disk Probably not all of the software components were loaded at the time of installation Either insert the CD or reinstall the missing software components Component cannot be moved or deleted Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode components can only be moved or deleted in the Edit Mode Components cannot be dragged onto the drawing area Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode Components cannot be moved or deleted in the Edit Mode Make sure that you have selected a component and not a component connection A line cannot be drawn between two connections Make sure to check the following points 1 FluidSIM is in the Edit Mode 2 No other connections are selected 3 Both connections do not have a blind plug 4 Both connections are of the same type Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 195 7 Help and Advanced Tips 196 The parameters of a component cannot be changed Make sure that FluidSIM is in the Edit Mode or that the simulation has been paused lJ 2 The hard disk is running non stop and the simulation is going Slowly There is not enough memory available A workaround is to quit other running applications or to quit Microsoft Windows and restart t
83. ID Controller is a continuous controller consisting of three control elements Proportional Integral and Derivative The adjustable parameters refer to the PID Controller in the Technology Package TP511 hydraulic control from Festo Didactic The output voltage restriction can be set within the range i 10 V to 10 V or ii O V to 10 V In the range i a manipulated variable offset from 7 V to 7 V can be specified and in the range ii a manipulated variable offset from 1 5 V to 8 5 V can be specified The PID controller requires a power supply of 24 V Adjustable parameters Proportional gain 0 1000 1 Integral gain 0 10001 s 01 s Derivation gain 0 1000ms Oms Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 259 B The Component Library Status controller The status controller is especially suitable for controlling pneumatic positioning circuits A pneumatic positioning circuit counts to the controlled systems that can only be unsatisfactorily controlled with a standard controller Three parameters can be attributed to the present status controller position speed and acceleration of the piston The controller is therefore referred to as a triple loop controller Speed and acceleration are not measured with sensors out of cost reasons They are calculated by the controller from the differences in position The adjustable parameters refer to the status controller in the Technology Package TP
84. IM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 18 1 In order to understand the mode of operation of the continuous Open loop Control components please reconstruct the following circuit voltage supply function generator voltmeter proportional valve solenoid continuous valve In the case of the four hydraulic connections of the valve please don t forget to seal them by using blind plugs to avoid warnings issued by FluidSIM Please launch the simulation and observe the continuous valve The function generator generates a signal between 10 and 10 volts This varying voltage is converted in the valve by using a proportional amplifier to assign an applicable current to activate the proportional valve solenoid converted in such way that the linked valve can be deflected to a maximum to both sides according to the applied signal voltage Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 127 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits In order to be deflected less the valve needs to have less maximum voltage We may achieve this by double clicking and therefore opening the properties dialog of the function generator Function generator Signal type Constant O Rectangle Sine O Triangle Edit profile O Voltage profile Signal parameters Frequency Hz 0 100 Amplitude w 0 10 y offset gl 10 10 Please define 4 for an amp
85. If OV1 is not actuated the system pressure set on the pressure limiter OV2 builds up and the piston rod advances In the initial position the pump operates against the preset system pressure which has an unfavorable effect on the power balance of the circuit shown The animations show the actuation and release of the 2 2 way valve which causes the piston rod of the cylinder to advance and retract 300 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Circuit diagram for pressure less pump recirculation The part circuit diagram shows a 2 2 way valve used as a by pass valve to achieve pressure less pump recirculation if the valve is actuated the pump no longer needs to operate against the preset system pressure E gt One application of this circuit is with 4 3 way valves which are closed in their mid position in cases where with the installation operational it is desired to switch to pump recirculation See also topic 116 The part circuit diagram shows a 2 2 way valve used as a Selector switch for one of two preset system pressures pressure levels if the 2 2 way valve is actuated flow is enabled to a second system pressure limiter The 3 2 way valve has working port A a supply port P and a tank port T Volumetric flow can be routed from the supply port to the working port or from the working port to the tank port The third port in each case is closed In the normal
86. MPa Ol min MPa Proportional pump The revolutions of the variable displacement pump can be changed proportionally from zero to maximum through a voltage signal between 0 V and 10 V and the assistance of a proportional amplifier The pump delivers a variable volumetric flow rate dependent upon the variable revolutions and the displacement volume Adjustable parameters Max Revolution 0 30001 min 13201 min Displacement 0 001 1 Liter 0 0016 Liter Max pressure 0 1 40 MPa 6 MPa Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Tank The tank is integrated into the pump unit and has a pressure of 0 MPa It can be inserted into the circuit diagram as an independent component Hose with quick action coupling The hose is available in 3 lengths 600 mm 1500 mm and 3000 mm The pressure loss in a hose is taken into account by specifying a hydraulic resistance In FluidSIM no pressure loss is simulated with simple connections between two components Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 012 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 221 B The Component Library Hydraulic reservoir The reservoir enables the performance of a hydraulic system to be optimized For example it can be utilized as an energy reservoir and for the absorbance of pressure surges or flow fluctuations Reservoirs are capable of absorbing a defined volume of fluid unde
87. N Opening level Voltage U Current I Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 2 Getting Started 2 1 Technical Requirements 2 2 Installation This Chapter describes how FluidSIM is installed on your computer You need a computer with a Pentium processor or higher that runs using Microsoft Windows95 Microsoft Windows98 Microsoft Win dowsME Microsoft WindowsNT Microsoft Windows2000 or Micro soft WindowsXP If you intend to draw simple circuit diagrams or to simulate the existing circuit diagrams 128 MB RAM is adequate However minimum 256 MB RAM is recommended to simulate complex circuit diagrams In order to play the educational films you will need a CD ROM drive that runs at double speed along with hardware for sound Having purchased the full version of FluidSIM you received two CD ROMs and possibly a license connector One CD ROM contains both full version and student version of FluidSIM The other provides educational films providing the Video CD format that may also be viewed on common DVD players The installation procedure is described in the following sections The full version of FluidSIM is available in two versions A version that supports the automatic online activation and the license connector version Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 11 2 Getting Started 2 2 1 Installation and Online Activation Import Online Ac
88. One concept is Drag and Drop which has been used in the preceding examples Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 185 6 Special Functions Alternatively components can be selected through the menu either by navigating along the hierarchical menu structure or by entering One or more search strings While mousing a component description in the menu the related symbol is shown either in the preview window of the search dialog or in the upper left corner of the FluidSIM main window 186 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Open a new circuit window select the menu item insert Find Component and enter one or more search Strings e g valve hand Find component Wards separated by a comma or by a blank Similarity Exact a 2 way hand lever valve 4 2 way hand lever valve 42 way hand lever valve 4 o way hand lever valve with bypass position 4 way hand lever valve with bypass position 4 way hand lever valve with floating position 4 o way hand lever valve with floating position 4 o way hand lever valve with shutoff position 4 o way hand lever valve with shutoff position Preview CML sim_h 4 eum hud walveSuyvalyeviyvalye mes ct Description of the dialog box e Words In this field one or more search items can be entered in order to find a particular component The order of the search items does not play a role
89. S control technology __ 5S controller comparator __ 5D PID controller____ 5D status controller___SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 260 cooler____ 3 counter electrical__ 4 4 58 counteracting valve __ 8 current limiter____ 5B current path numbering 7D cycle 160 cylinder configurable___ AD distance rule problem ____2838G double acting __SSSSSSSSSSSS 43 244 single acting GG D DC motor ___ DAD DDE communication____SSS SOFFFssSSSSSFFFFeFSSSSSS 1220 1223 py options __ 13 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 343 Index Out _ 260 de installation___ 1G default directory __ _EEEE 2 delay switches__ 51 262 detent switch break __ 55 changeover _ 55 make 55 diagram new print tiled dialog diagram properties __ 83 drawing area__ ___ SSS 887 functional diagram editor_____ COCCCS 1 line options ___ OB project___ OI signal connection ______ 95 signal elements__ OD text options __ BG dialog box bitmap___ 165 cylinder __ 5 diagram_ 62 drawing layers___ 57 drawing size____ 61 DXF symbol ___ 77 ellipse___ 160 exporting parts lists WWE 1D exporting TIFF filet 173 import DXF file 75 label__ 07 paper size___ G1 parts list 6B rectangle __ 158 344 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index valve editor ____EO 35 59 diaphragm accumulator ____O 222 didactics animation speed_ 156 applications __ 77 componen
90. T The control voltage must be between 0 V and 10 V The minimum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure at the pilot stage via the spring force at 0 V The maximum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure at 10 V The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened main stage leading edge Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 240 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Proportional pressure reducing valve piloted The pilot operated proportional pressure regulator valve consists of a pilot stage with poppet valve and a main stage with control slide valve The pressure at connection A acts upon the pilot poppet via a drilling in the control slide valve The proportional magnet exercises the electrically adjustable counter force with the assistance of a proportional amplifier If the pressure at connection A is below the preset value then the pilot control remains closed The pressure on both sides of the control slide valve is equal A spring holds the main stage control slide valve open and the hydraulic fluid flow freely from connection P to connection A If the pressure at connection A exceeds the preset value then the pilot stage opens causing less volumetric flow to flow to connection A The pressure falls at the throttle valve inside the control slide valve Thus the pressure at the spring side is lower than the
91. Valves Shutoff Valves Flow Valves Hydraulic Cylinders and Motors Gauges Exercises Educational Films Standard Presentations Messages Electrical Errors Drawing Errors Operating Errors Opening and Saving Files System Errors Index Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 217 217 219 220 247 261 265 273 277 277 278 280 284 287 290 292 299 309 313 316 318 319 330 331 332 332 332 334 335 336 338 Contents 6 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 1 Welcome Welcome to FluidSIM Thank you for purchasing the FluidSIM Hydraulics training software This handbook functions both as an introduction to FluidSIM and asa reference manual outlining the possibilities concepts and operation of the software package This handbook however is not intended to help in defining special aspects of hydraulics Concerns of this nature can be found in the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG textbook series Users of this software are encouraged to contribute tips criticism and suggestions for improvement of the program via email at info fluidsim com did de festo com Moreover the newest updates can be found at our Internet site at www fluidsim com www festo didactic com June 2006 The Authors Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 1 Welcome 1 1 About FluidSIM FluidSIM Hydraulics is a teaching tool for simulating hydraulic
92. absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 Related Topics Throttle valve Check valve 144 One way flow control valve 1 D C e gt Under the heading Related Topics but also when appropriate in the component description cross references for related instruction material and components are defined By clicking on a cross reference the related page will automatically be displayed Component Illustrations Component illustrations provide useful information relating a compo nent s function This may include a sectional view of the component but also illustrations of the component s usage within a circuit diagram For several components their sectional view can be animated like a cartoon Select a 4 2 way hand lever valve and click on Component Description under the menu 140 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics The following dialog box appears Component library Componentlibrary Hydraulic Components Mechanically Actuated Directional Valves lt 4 2 way hand lever valve i A B 4 2 way hand lever valve i P T In normal position the connection P is open to B and Ato T When manually actuated the val
93. access a dialog by interactively clicking on the chart field or by entering a pair of values and thus defining the process of the parabola 60 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 2 Additional Editing Functions Setting the Paper Size e Mirror This is where you may define whether the valve be mirrored horizontally or vertically The effect is the same as when mirrored using Edit Mirror In addition to the commands that were introduced in section 3 3 the Edit Mode in FluidSIM provides you with a higher level of important editing functions In Edit Mode the size of the paper is indicated by a red rectangle The default setting of the paper size is DIN A4 portrait The default setting can be changed in the menu File Drawing Size Drawing Size Paper format standard size DIN Ad 210 297mm ow atidth Height C User defined E C Portrait Landscape The size and the orientation of the paper can be set here If the drawing size exceeds the paper size of your printer the total area of several smaller papers can be tiled with the drawing Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 61 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Undoing Editing Steps Multiple Selection 62 For orientation purposes under additional information can be stored along wit
94. actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 226 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library 4 3 way hand lever valve with bypass position ii In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Solenoid actuated Directional Valves 4 2 way solenoid valve i In normal position the connection P is open to B and A to T When actuated by the control solenoid the valve is set to parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoid the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 2 way solenoid valve ii In normal position the connection P is open to A and B to T When actuated by the control solenoid the valve is set to crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoid the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this va
95. al actuation come with a particularly de signed connection e g at the end of the stem or at the center of the roller If the component or the connection has already got a label you may double click the label straight away instead of the connection in order to change the designation By using relays more than one switch can be actuated simultaneously It is therefore necessary to couple the relay with the appropriate switches Thus in FluidSIM also relays possess labels which can be used to couple relays and switches in the previously described way By double clicking on a relay the dialog box for a label name appears Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Coupling Mechanical Switches The following illustration shows an electrical circuit in which a relay operates two break switches and two make switches at the same time K1 K1 K1 K1 K1 Besides simple relays relays with switch on delay relays with switch off delay and relay counter exist These relays are used when the linked switch should be actuated after a preset time interval or a number of pulses received By double clicking on these relays a dialog box appears where the appropriate values can be entered To mechanically couple mechanical manually operated switches in Flu idSIM you have to use labels When more than one mechanical switch has the same label all these switc
96. an generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 I2 236 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library 2 way flow control valve If the pressure is sufficient the preset flow is maintained to a constant level in the direction of the arrow The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal flow 0 01 500 l min 4 l min Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 019 MPa min2 12 3 way flow control valve With sufficient pressure the preset flow rate is kept constant in the direction of the arrow The surplus hydraulic fluid is drained at connection T using a pressure compensator The inlet pressure pA is load dependent i e it changes with the outlet pressure pB Therefore a parallel circuit of several 3 way flow control valves is not possible In this case the inlet pressures would be defined by the valve with the lowest inlet pressure Compared to the 2 way flow control valve the 3 way flow control valve is admittedly more efficient in its energy consumption The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely closed pressure compensator Adjustable parameters Nominal flow 0 01 500l min 4 l min Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Flow divider valve The flow
97. and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Draw signal lines and insert signal connections e Vertical adjustment Following adjustments are available Top Centered and Bottom amp In this mode signal lines can be drawn arbitrarily or can be transferred automatically by signal elements Draw signal lines arbitrarily Every left click creates an additional node You can stop this operation i utton pressed by button or by changing the operation mode With the by clicking on the present line and keeping the _ Ctrl pressing the utton a marked signal line is deleted If only one node is marked just this node is removed from the line In the edit mode you can move the nodes of the signal lines If you keep the Shift button pressed when you place or move nodes the corresponding node is adjusted vertically and horizontally respectively Change the representation of the lines in the edit mode with a double click Signal line C Display description Start with arrow C End with arrow Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 93 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 94 e Display description A framed description on the line and a description next to the framed description displays The framed description can be moved freely on the line The additional description can be moved freel
98. and delete components To display available libraries to create a new one or to rename an existing one choose the respective entry from the menu The first entry in this menu opens the standard library Below you will find entries for the user defined libraries When these entries are selected the applicable library windows will open At the end of the Library menu you will find functions for creating a new library New for renaming a user defined library and for deleting a created library Delete The menu entries for renaming and for deleting always refer to the active library window When clicking on a dialog box opens where a description of the new library can be entered New Component Library tes Hee The text that has been entered here is shown as a menu entry in the menu The text can be modified anytime by opening the library and clicking on Library Rename Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Enter an appropriate name for new library and drag a few symbols from the standard library or from a circuit window in the empty window of the created library You may also add symbols using the Insert Menu Frequently Used Way Valves 43 way solenoid vw W way solenoid vw way solenoid vw A way solenoid w Inserting Components Via In FluidSIM several alternative concepts exist to insert a component Menu into a circuit diagram
99. and state Diagrams indicators outside the control cabinet with the relays and switches inside FluidSIM automatically and appropriately numbers the terminals in the electrical part of the circuit as soon as you place the component terminal assignment diagram in the circuit Using Terminal Assignment Diagram you may define several presettings Options Terminal assignment diagram Optimize Arange terminals clearly Reduce number of terminals Wire up Logical order Prefer bridges Terminal designation X1 1 1 2 X21 i 1s1 12 21 Description of the dialog box e Optimize You may choose either a better overview or a reduced number of terminals for an optimization goal Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 73 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Wire up Please choose whether FluidSIM is to commit to the logical order when numbering the terminals or if possible whether it is to privilege bridges even if this causes to disturb the strict order of numbering e Terminal Designation Defines which convention will rule the designation of the terminals in the electrical circuit Please leave plenty of space in the electrical circuit between the components and towards the voltage supply paths to give enough room for the automatically inserted terminal connections as well as their designation to be seen Flui
100. archical view of the component library To list the components of a group you may list off the group by clicking it For a better overview you may also hide non required elements and subgroups by once more clicking and hence closing the hierarchy Component groups may often contain further subgroups that may also be listed off or closed To list off a group including all of its subgroups you may hold the Shift Key while clicking This will reduce your efforts to list off each subgroup You may similarly use the Shift Key to close all subgroups of a sSuperordinate group press the Shift Key hold it and click Hydraulic Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The entire group of hydrauliccomponents will be listed off Using the scrollbars you may browse through the component library to the left and right or up and down A Hierarchical View Component Library My Files Common Files Hydraulic Supply Elements Aa OIZ Pump unit Fixed displa Wanable diz Pump unit z2 0 6 ex Reserroir Reserroir Proportional Proportional Hose with q Fitter Cooler Heater Diaphragm Actuators Distance rule Single actin Double acti Double acti Double acti Configurable directional valves Zin Way W Sin Way W ain Way W Sin Waw W Gn waw dire Using the mouse
101. are shown within dotted lines between the switching positions or the overlap positions are shown in color or with a patterned background In the case of positive overlap the left hand piston does not open the passage from P to A until the tank has been completely isolated by the other piston Pressure is immediately fed to the load device cylinder or hydraulic motor with the result that this starts abruptly The control edges of the pistons are often either sharp chamfered or notched The profiling of the control edges means that the throttling action of the flow when switching is gradual rather than abrupt t See also the example in topic 144 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 291 C Didactics Material Survey Vertical interconnection system Vertical interconnection systems modular hydraulics mean that less Space is required and that no piping is needed between the components The circuit symbols directly marked on the components give greater clarity in the installation In this design incorporating a poppet valve a seal is pressed against the inlet port P by a pressure spring when the valve is in its normal position In this situation for example an unloaded piston rod is executing an advance stroke and the entire pump delivery is flowing to the cylinder As soon as the force exerted by the inlet pressure at A exceeds the opposing spring force the valve begins to open In t
102. arily into its normal position This causes the outlet to be closed again and the piston rod and load remain in their current position When the 3 2 way valve is actuated again the piston rod travels to its retracted end position Delockable double non return valves allow a load to be positioned reliably with the cylinder at a standstill even if eternal leaks exist around the cylinder piston When as in the case neither of the inlets A or Ag is pressurized B and Bz are closed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 311 C Didactics Material Survey Delockable double non return valve 2 l When A is pressurized the left hand sealing element is lifted from its seat pee enabling flow to B1 At the same time the pilot piston is displaced to the right releasing flow from Bz to Ag a t The opposite is true when inlet Az is pressurized Delockable double non return valve 3 The model circuit diagram shows a delockable double non return valve used in conjunction with a 4 3 way valve to allow the vertical positioning of a load In the mid position of the final control element shown ports A and B are connected to the tank This means that the inlets A and Ag of the double non return valve are pressure less and both cylinder supply lines are closed The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the delockable double non return valve as a circuit symbol 312
103. assage from the supply port P to the tank port T remains closed as long as no load acts on the pilot piston Pressure can be fed to the pilot piston via the pilot port X As soon as the pressure force at the pilot piston exceeds the preset spring force the pilot piston is displaced allowing free flow 294 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey The example shows a circuit with a pressure relief valve used as a pressure sequence valve The pressure at the pilot piston of the PRV rises via the pressure regulator The PRV opens and the high pressure pump delivers directly to the tank As soon as the 2 2 way valve opens the pressure drops The pressure relief valve closes and the high pressure pump is connected to the system 71 Circuit diagram Sequence valve l This illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with me the cut away view of the sequence valve replaced by the appropriate circuit symbol m ra HE a Actual photograph of a pressure relief valve 7 This valve is normally open The outlet pressure A acts via a pilot line on the left hand surface of the pilot piston against an adjustable spring force tS Pressure regulators reduce the inlet pressure to an adjustable outlet pressure It is appropriate to use these in hydraulic installations only if different pressures are required Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems
104. atively small components C 2 Components of a Hydraulic Plant This simplified block diagram shows the division of hydraulic systems into a signal control section and a hydraulic power section This signal control section is used to activate the valves in the power control section The material depicted in these electronic slides is concerned in the main with the hydraulic power section and the three levels of this which are shown The diagram of the hydraulic power section is complemented in this case by a circuit diagram to allow correlation of the various function groups the power supply section contains the hydraulic pump and drive motor and the components for the preparation of the hydraulic fluid The energy control section consists of the various valves used to provide control and regulate the flow rate pressure and direction of the hydraulic fluid This drive section consists of cylinders or hydraulic motors depending on the application in question In analyzing and planning an actual control task it can be helpful to use a differentiated block diagram showing the actual levels to be found on the machine The light arrows show the signal flow while the solid dark arrows show the energy flow 278 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Interaction of components cE The animations show the sequences in a basic hydraulic circuit in simplified form t
105. bar 3 Displays or hides the status bar Global settings in the dialog boxes 1 Options 2 Options 3 Options 4 Options Other global settings 1 Protect Text Components Switches the protection for the text components on or off 2 Enables or disables the automatic creation of a backup file for circuit diagrams Backup files have the file name extension bak The backup files are created when the circuit diagram is saved and are updated each time the circuit diagram is saved 3 Default Directory on Network 192 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Defines the default directory for circuit diagrams and presentation files If this option is enabled the default directory for the men tioned files is on the network file server Otherwise the default directory is on the local PC This menu entry is available only in the network version 4 Determines whether the global settings and the circuit diagram specific settings of each open circuit diagram should be saved before exiting FluidS IM All global settings can be saved with Options Save Settings Now By clicking on Save Settings Now under the menu the circuit diagram specific settings of the current circuit will also be saved These settings then become the default for all new circuit diagrams that are created The following settings belong in the circuit diagram specific category display of quantity val
106. book for FluidSIM Note that this menu entry must not be available Looking up FluidSIM Updates on the ALerne Connects to an update server to check for available FluidSIM updates To use this function you need to be connected to the internet If an update is available for your software version you will be prompted and may download the installation file directly Following the download the update will be launched automatically Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 217 A FluidSIM Menus 218 About FluidSIM Opens the Program Information box about FluidSIM Among others the FluidSIM serial number including the number of the license connector if applicable looked up Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library In FluidSIM each component in the component library is assigned a physical model Using these models FluidSIM first creates a global behavior model of the circuit which is then processed during simulation This chapter provides for a short description of the components in Fluid SIM s component library If the component has adjustable parameters their value ranges are given Anumber in brackets after the value range indicates the default setting for the parameter Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 219 B The Component Library B 1 Hydraulic Components Service Components Pump unit The pump unit suppli
107. by the piston itself or by a pointer driven magnetically by the piston Most pressure gauges operate on the principle of a Bourdon tube When hydraulic fluid flows into the tube an identical pressure is produced throughout Due to the difference in area between the outer and inner curved surfaces the tube is bent This movement is transferred to a pointer This type of gauge is not protected against overload A cushioning restrictor must be installed in the inlet connection prevent pressure surges from damaging the tube The flow of oil to be measured passes through a movable orifice The orifice consists of a fixed cone and a hollow piston mounted on a Spring The piston is pressed against the spring in proportion to the flow rate concerned The measuring error of this type of flow meter is approx 4 Measuring turbines oval disk meters or toothed wheel gauges are used when higher accuracy is required 318 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 13 Exercises 163 Exercise Horizontal grinding machine pump delivery Problem The slide on a horizontal grinding machine is hydraulically actuated A machine operator determines that the reciprocating movement of the machine is no longer reaching the desired speed A possible cause of this is reduced pump delivery To investigate this it is necessary to plot a characteristic curve for the pump and compare this with the value
108. can be opened via a control line allowing flow in both directions Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 001 40 MPa 0 1 MPa Area ratio 1 10 5 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 229 B The Component Library Pilot to close check valve If the inlet pressure at Ais higher than the outlet pressure at B then the check valve allows the flow to pass otherwise it blocks the flow Additionally the check valve can be closed using the pilot line X Adjustable parameters Area ratio 1 10 5 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Pilot to close check valve spring loaded If the inlet pressure at A is higher than the outlet pressure at B and the nominal pressure then the check valve allows the flow to pass otherwise it blocks the flow Additionally the check valve can be closed using the pilot line X Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 001 40 MPa 0 1 MPa Area ratio 1 10 5 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Shuttle valve If one of the two input pressures is larger than zero the shuttle valve opens OR function and the higher input pressure becomes the output pressure Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Two pressure valve If both input pressures are larger than zero the two pre
109. cational films which all can be activated under the menu The subsequent sections are arranged thematically The icon indicates that an animation exists for the related topic The last section gives an overview of the educational films Machine tool construction is a typical area of application of hydraulics With modern CNC machine tools the tools and workpieces are clamped by hydraulic means Feed motions and the spindle drive can also be hydraulically powered This can also serve as an example of hydraulic circuit with two pressure ranges for example 3 MPa 30 bar for machining and 9 MPa 90 bar for clamping This is an application in which extremely high forces are required Due to the suspended cylinder and the tractive load special measures are required for the activation of the advance stroke This in turn requires specially designed press drives A special feature is the elevated reservoir which utilizes the static pressure in the pressure medium Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 277 C Didactics Material Survey 3 Mobile hydraulics Excavator On this hydraulic excavator not only all working movements linear drives but also the propulsion of the vehicle rotary drive are hydraulically powered The primary drive of the excavator is an internal combustion engine t A model calculation can be used here to demonstrate an advantage of hydraulics large forces with rel
110. ce a refreshment and a lunch break respectively A double click on a line in the Available Topics list inserts this line in the Selected Topics list above the highlighted bar In this way a presentation can be created or altered Moreover a user can integrate his own circuit diagrams DXF files BMP and WMF picture files or even multimedia files such as sounds or video clips To do so click on User File A dialog box opens that allows for the selection of the desired data source on the file system e Selected Topics This field contains a list of topics chosen for the current presentation e Insert Clicking on Insert is the same as double clicking a line in the Available Topics list The selected line in Available Topics will be inserted in the Selected Topics list e Delete Clicking on Delete deletes the selected line of the Selected Topics list Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 149 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 4 Extended Presentations in the Microsoft PowerPoint Format 150 e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected topic appears underneath the respective list Within both topics lists the highlighted bar can be moved using the arrow keys Maybe it will be necessary to click and select the list you want to work with After creatin
111. cense server is up again FluidSIM starts as usual Details for a network installation of FluidSIM is given in an addendum of the FluidSIM package and can also be found as pdf file net_inst pdf in the Doc Folder of the installation CD If your software needs a license connector connect the key not until you are requested by the installation program Switch on your PC and login with administrator permissions Insert the CD Usually the installation program starts automatically Please start it manually if it doesn t Click in the Start Menu A dialog box opens Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 13 2 Getting Started Enter the following string in the space provided d setup exe Then click OK If your CD ROM drive is configured differently then be sure to use the appropriate letter in place of d After a few seconds the startup screen of the installation program appears Here you can choose whether to install the student version or the full version of FluidSIM When installing the full version please select the appropriate license connector single position systems or network If you got a FluidSIM version for online activation no license connector is necessary but only your individual product ID is required which is printed on the back of the CD cover Note that the student version does neither require a license connector nor a product ID Follow the direct
112. cess them using a TIFF Export non vector oriented software Please click un the File menu to export the current circuit If you do not define a new name for the TIFF file the file will be saved using the name of the circuit and the file extension tif TIFF Export Description Resolution 100 dpi Optimized for screen display 200 dpi Optimized for sending as fax 300 dpi Optimized for printer output User defined ho 50 600 dpi C Monochrome Fas Group Description of the dialog box e Description Please enter an optional description here By default the descrip tion you ve defined at circuit properties will be used In case noth ing is entered there the circuit description will be used Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 173 6 Special Functions e Resolution Please choose an adequate resolution for the picture file here Please note that a high resolution may particularly increase the file size and that it may cause the export to take a lot more time You may stop the export at any time if it takes too long e Monochrome This export option will save the entire drawing black and white This will help the files to become compact ones but naturally all other colors will be lost 6 8 FluidSIM contains a filter module to export circuit diagram in the DXF DXF Export format Hence circuit diagrams from FluidSIM can be imported in
113. check valve Observe the preview window in the left corner while navigating Didactics Project Yiew Options Window Baers I x Find Component F3 Oo gal i l amp QQ Q Ol Q Yi E gt Il 4 I gt p gt gt Rectangle Circle Ellipse gt Ses ae i d ompone Shutoff valves Electrical Components gt Supply Elements gt Digital Components gt Pressure Control Valves gt OPC DDE Components gt Mechanically Operated gt Distance rule Measuring Devices b Parts List Flow Control Valves gt 2 way flow control valve State Diagram Solenoid Operated gt Flow divider valve Text Configurable valves gt valve solenoid Actuators gt Throttle valve Ms Analog pressure sensor v lt 2 3 cFluidSIM sym hyd F alves sF4 ct After a symbol has been chosen it is inserted in the current diagram and gets selected It then can be moved and connected as usual Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 189 6 Special Functions 6 11 Managing Projects Creating a New Project 190 FluidSIM allows of including various settings and files in a project file with a unique name thereby facilitating project management When opening a project the previously saved project settings are used as default The project menu realizes a quick access of all files that belong to a particular project Before a new project is created some preparatory actions to
114. circuits Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 213 A FluidSIM Menus 214 Show Connection Descriptors C Enables or disables the display of the component s connection descriptors Labels Opens a dialog box for the label display style It can be defined whether or not the labels are drawn framed Display Grid G Activates the background grid according to the set style The style of the grid can be chosen under Options JGrid Layers Opens a dialog box for renaming and activating the FluidSIM drawing layers For drawing object that cannot be simulated such as texts DXF imports rectangles circles state diagrams or parts lists up to eight drawing layers are provided The FluidSIM components that can be simulated live always on the drawing layer number one Large Mouse Cursor M Activates or deactivates the large mouse cursor Toolbar Displays or hides the toolbar Status Bar Displays or hides the status bar Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 9 Options Simulation Opens a dialog box with settings for the simulation Here parameters such as the maximum recording time the slow motion factor and the priority are defined Opens a dialog box with options for the EasyPort OPC DDE connection This is where you may define various options for interconnecting Fluid SIM with the EasyPort hardware or with other applica
115. could be concealed Layer In this selection list you may define the drawing layer of the picture file The drawing layer may be set by clicking the downward arrow on the right hand side of the list you may then choose a layer Depending on the setting of the drawing layers the picture file may not be displayed or you may not be able to change it To make the object visible or to change the settings you need to temporarily activate the drawing layer in the menu View JLayers Large background pictures may massively reduce edit speed and simulation speed since dragging or animating symbols always forces parts of the picture in the layer below to be re drawn Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions 6 5 Parts Lists Inserting a Parts List With FluidSIM parts lists can be generated automatically A parts list is represented by a parts list component which can be inserted moved or deleted like every other component The parts list is updated automatically while a drawing is edited The automated update may slow down the drawing process of large circuits and thus a parts list component should be inserted in the end of a drawing process Open the circuit demol ct Select the parts list component from either the menu or the component library and add it to the drawing Move the parts list such that it overlaps no other component 4 C fl_sim_h4 Ct demo_01 ct T
116. cription will be enabled Component Descriptions All components possess a page with a technical description This page contains the diagram symbol for the component according to the DIN standard Deutsche Industrienorm a textual description of the component s function the designations of the connections and a listing of the adjustable parameters along with their value ranges You will find a photograph of the real life part provided for most components In the case that a component cannot exist singularly in a real system FluidSIM displays a photo of the assembly group that this component belongs to Examples for such components include the indicator light relays switches and the electrical power supply Components that do not exist in reality simply have no photo Examples include the text component and the distance rule Select the throttle check valve and click on the menu item Component Description under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 139 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics The following page opens Component library Componentlibrary Hydraulic Components Flow Control Valves lt One way flow control valve a ee One way flow control valve A T B The setting of the One way flow control valve is set by means of a rotary knob A check valve see check valve is located parallel to the throttle valve Please note that by the rotary knob no
117. cts proportionally to the defined voltage at the function generator 10 volts correspond to entirely retracted 10 volts correspond to entirely advanced The value 0 is therefore the mid position of the cylinder piston In the course of this the position from which the cylinder begins to travel is irrelevant it will still stop at the desired target position Change the initial piston position and observe how accurately the cylinder reaches its target position each time To achieve a more precise analysis of the control procedure we will observe the travel and the speed of the cylinder until it reaches its desired position Therefore we include a state diagram scale it to an adequate size and drag the cylinder on the diagram A dialog will open where we choose the two state variables Position and Velocity Please adjust the y offset of the function generator to 0 and the Start position of the cylinder s piston rod to 0 and then launch the simulation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 133 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The cylinder travels as far as the middle and gradually decreases its speed until it stops Designation Quantity value H 134 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits It often may be desirably to make a cylinder travel by maximum speed unti
118. d Drag a second cylinder onto the drawing area and notice that the second cylinder is now highlighted Highlight say select the first cylinder by clicking on it l The commands in the menu correspond only to the selected components Drag onto the drawing area a configurable 4 n way valve a pump unit and a tank Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 33 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 34 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Double click the valve to assign an operation mode to it A dialog box appears Configure Way Valve Left Actuation Description Fight Actuation Spring returned Spring returned Ayn Way Valve Piloted Piloted Valve Body Manually w L Reversible Manually Hydraulically J Jia Pros J Hydraulically Electrically O O O Electrically Hydraulic resistance MPag l min 1e 007 100 v Mirror C Horizontal vertical AX Description of the dialog box e Left Right Actuation For both sides the actuation modes of the valve can be defined individually it can be one or more of the categories Manually Mechanically or Hydraulically Electrically An operation mode is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a category no operation mode is desired simply choose the b
119. d Open loop and SIM also provides a number of continuous valves These are particularly Closed loop Control interesting because they may represent continuous intermediate positions These components are addressed in the same way as electrically operated way valves by using a proportional amplifier or a valve solenoid These are represented by specific symbols DPED A l The individual proportional valve solenoid is used with position controlled continuous valves that integrate the controller and amplifier part in their valve l If you unintentionally link a way valve with a proportional valve solenoid or vice versa a proportional valve with a simple valve solenoid by using a label FluidSIM will show a warning Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 125 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following two sections will introduce you to the possibilities of open loop control and closed loop control with FluidSIM The term open loop control means here that an output variable changes depending on an input variable In detail the voltage represents the input variable at the proportional valve solenoid or at the amplifier Depending on the value and on the direction of the electrical current caused by the voltage assisted by an amplifier the valve piston of the proportional valve will more or less be deflected to one direction This is the output variable In the case of a constan
120. dSIM starts a new terminal strip for each partial circuit that provides no connection with other electrical circuits These are numbered by X1 X2 X3 etc Each terminal allocation list may either show all terminal strips or a single one In order to do this please open the status dialog of the terminal allocation list by double clicking it Terminal assignment diagram Description of the dialog box e Selection Defines for which electrical partial circuit the allocation will be listed in this table 74 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 7 Displaying Quantity Values e Layer In this selection list you will select the drawing layer of the diagram The drawing layer may be set by clicking on the downward arrow on the right hand side of the list and choosing a layer Depending on the setting of the drawing layers the rectangle may happen to be non displayed or to be non editable To make the object visible or to change the settings you need to temporarily activate the drawing layer in the menu View JLayers The values for all or only selected quantities of a circuit can also be displayed without measuring instruments Click under the menu on to open the dialog box for the display of quantities View Quantity values None Particular Cylinder Velocity w M s O Force F H D
121. define whether FluidSIM is to check with every change of bit pattern at an output for the status of the inputs This may be useful if the output values by means of a circuit that involves the EasyPort module influence the status of the inputs Please note that the operation mode may massively reduce the simulation speed since FluidSIM may occasionally need to wait with every step for an answer of the connected EasyPorts e OPC mode Choose this option if FluidSIM shall be coupled with other applications via OPC e DDE mode Choose this option if FluidSIM shall be coupled with other applications via DDE e Server Defines the name under which name FluidSIM logs on the partner application As the case may be this name must be told the partner application as the server name e Topic A topic is necessary to agree upon a common label for the data exchange As the case may be the topic must be told the partner application e FPC Addressing Mode This option must be checked if FluidSIM is coupled with an application that also provides FPC addressing support 124 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits You will find notes on interconnecting FluidSIM with EasyPort hardware in chapter 4 15 handling the OPC or DDE interface is described in chapter 4 16 4 18 Among simple way valves with only discrete switching positions Flui
122. diagram is deleted its related file will also be deleted in the file system This section describes how presentations can be created using a common text editor more specifically not using FluidSIM The file names of presentation files have the extension shw A shw file has the following structure The first line shows the description of the presentation which will also be represented in the selection box In the following lines in the applicable order you will find file names with respect to the installation path User files will simply be represented by their absolute path Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 201 7 Help and Advanced Tips The shw file of the presentation applications willbe as follows 01 Applications dida p3_1_1_1 ct dida p3_1_1 2 ct dida p3_1_1 3 ct Network Installation of If several PCs are running in a network a complete installation of FluidSIM FluidSIM must only be performed once on the network file system Then on the local PCs merely the license information and a few configuration files are required This concept serves several purposes the saving of disk space on the local hard disks the simplification of software maintenance the quick distribution of circuit diagrams or the installation of new releases of FluidSIM The installation of the network version happens within the following steps Perform a standard installation of FluidSIM on the network file s
123. divider valve divides the flow from P into two equal flows at A and B This is achieved using two measuring orifices and two variable control resistors The control resistors are unified in a pressure compensator The hydraulic resistance relates to the resistance of the individual measuring orifices and control resistors Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 237 B The Component Library Continuous valves 4 3 way regulating valve The regulating valve transforms an analog electrical input signal into corresponding opening cross sections at the outputs The setpoint signal must be within the range 10 V to 10 V At 0 V the hydraulic mid position is adopted and the valve stops the flow in relation to the null overlap The cross section area of the flow opening widens with increasing slide distance How far the area and with it the flow at the valve changes depends on the shape and form of the control notches A triangular shaped notch results in a progressive flow behavior a rectangular shaped notch in a linear flow behavior The hydraulic resistance relates to a completely opened leading edge and the internal leakage relates to one leading edge as appropriate The overlap of the leading edges can be specified relative to the maximal slide distance By the use of an integrated electronic position controller for the s
124. dow by clicking on j or View Previous View Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 67 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits or View Fit to Window fits the entire circuit to the window or Standard Size Shows the circuit diagram without enlargement or reduction Background Grid By clicking on J the background grid is shown By clicking under Options Grid a dialog box appears that allows you to select between grid types and line resolution Options Grid Width Style O Coarse C Point Medium Cross Fine Line Display Grid Description of the dialog box e Width The grid width defines how close together the lines of the grid should be You can choose between Coarse Medium or Fine e Style There are three types of grid to choose from Point Cross or Line e Display Grid This selection displays or hides the background grid 68 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Grouping Objects Ungrouping Objects 4 3 Additional Simulation Functions Simultaneous Actuation of Several Components Switching to the Edit Mode If objects shall be subsumed under a single group select them and click Edit Group Groups can be nested The objects of a group can be selected moved deleted or copi
125. e Boemia une enlepantams ioi i Ae is indicated by a broken line at the pilot port The pilot port is designated by the letter X Entspochacs Ceppan gisch ayventil Druckmessaerji Tharmometer Curchflusemessgera Fillshirilsanseiger Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 283 C Didactics Material Survey C 4 Some Physical Fundamentals 26 Hydrostatic pressure Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure created above a certain level within a liquid as a result of the weight of the liquid mass Hydrostatic pressure is not dependent on the shape of the vessel concerned but only on the height and density of the column of liquid t Hydrostatic pressure can generally be ignored for the purpose of studying hydraulics exception see topic 2 Ifa force F acts on an area A of an enclosed liquid a pressure p is produced which acts throughout the liquid Pascal s Law t Hydrostatic pressure has been ignored here The term pressure propagation is also used to mean the pulse velocity in liquids approx 1000 m s If a force F is applied to an area A of a liquid a pressure p results If as in this case the pressure acts on a larger surface Ao then a larger counter force F2 must be maintained If Az is three times as large as A1 then F will also be three times as large as F t Hydraulic power transmission is comparable to the mechanical law of levers If the input piston of the h
126. e _ 158 grid see background grid 1 group components ___ 8D 348 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index objects 69 H heater 3 help on problems 295 HI digital S266 hose__ S 221 hydraulic motor S 245 hydraulic reservoir __ 222 Input digital 25 insert parts list G7 search ___ 187 installation FluidSIM a S 1l FluidSIM in network ____ 202 L label at component ___E 100 at distance rule_____sssssssSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 109 display style 107 duplicate 28333 frame _ 107 incompatible___ 2333 ladder diagram___O GI large mouse cursor activate deactivate o 192 Latching Relay digital SSE 270 license__ SSAA license connector ___ 11 limit switches___ 53 263 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 349 Index line automatic creation color___ 5 114 crosses connection ____ _ 2833583 delete digital 266 draw __ 87 electrical AO hydraulic__ 3 move __ 8B set type __ G7 Superimposed__ O97 332 thickness__ DS through component ____OO 333 LO digital S266 LOGO compatibility 116 loop mode presentation 5G M main memory minimum reorganization__CC 200 small manometer ____ DAS maximum speed __ SS measuring devices___ DS measuring instruments ammeter 50 voltmeter __ 50 media playback _____ 55 199 Media Player ___L_OO OD
127. e Flow diversion will then take place from a pressure of 54 bar onwards t An alternative solution would be to use a valve with a different response pressure 320 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 165 Exercise Roller conveyor flow resistance Problem Steel blocks are transported on a roller conveyor A hydraulic transfer station makes it possible to transfer blocks from one track to another A pressure of at least 30 bar is required for the transfer of blocks by means of hydraulic cylinders Every component through which the hydraulic fluid flows represents a resistance and causes a constant pressure loss The question is what pressure is to be set at the pressure relief valve Solution The total resistance is the sum of all the individual resistances The resistance must be determined separately for the advance and return strokes The overall balances do not include data for the pressure losses at the 4 2 way valve These can be determined from the flow characteristic for the 4 2 way valve based on a volumetric flow of 8 l min In the calculation allowance must be made for the resistance of the directional control valve on the inlet and outlet sides respectively Allowance must also be made for the pressure intensification factor of 2 1 in the case of the differential cylinder This enables values to be calculated as shown in the solution figure In the case of the adva
128. e To display an invisible text component or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers The dialog box can be closed by clicking on OK As a result the text along with its font attributes is inserted into the drawing area Click on Protect Text Components to protect the text The protected text can no longer be selected Therefore components can be placed over the text Alongside denominating texts and comments you may furthermore include picture files in circuits This way you may conveniently complement your circuits by using your own visual material This may be a photo of a real construction an illustrating sectional drawing or evena small company logo in the drawing corner Pictures in FluidSIM like all other components and objects may be included and placed dragged rotated and mirrored Furthermore in the same way as rectangles and ellipses pictures may also be freely scaled Since picture files are not vector graphics a DXF export will only show a frame instead of the picture Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Double clicking a picture or using will open the properties dialog for bitmaps Bitmap File path External link Scale Factor O Background Foreground Description of the dialog box e File Path Defines the path to the picture file Please enter the pa
129. e time is reset Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s Off delay time 0 100s 3s Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 269 B The Component Library Retentive On delay A specified time starts after an input pulse The output is set on expiration of this time As soon as the Status at the input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the specified time starts After expiration on the configured time the output Q is set to Hi Further switching actions at input Trg have no influence on the running time The output and the time are only reset to Lo when the status at input R is Hi Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s Latching Relay Input S sets output Q Another input R resets the output Q A latching relay is a simple logic memory The output value depends on the input states and on the previous output status Pulse Relay A short one shot at the input is used to set and reset the output Output Q status is toggled at every Lo to Hi transition of the status at input Trg that is the output is switched on or off Use input R to reset the pulse relay to initial State that is the output is set to Lo Wiping Relay Pulse Output An input signal generates a signal of specified length at the output The output status is switched to Hi after the input Trg is set to Hi The configured time is started at the same time and
130. e valve is not actuated A circuit diagram with a back pressure valve must be developed to cater for the case in which the ladle is very heavy Solution The requirements of the exercise are met by the first circuit diagram only if the ladle represents a light load If the ladle is very heavy the advance speed could rise to an unacceptably high level during the advance stroke of the piston rod ladle moving towards furnace and the ladle could as a result plunge too quickly into the molten metal This can be prevented by installing a back pressure valve in the B line between the valve and cylinder tractive load r f as is required in this exercise the power component must positively assume a defined end position when the installation is at rest valves with spring return must be used as in this case Here a 4 2 way valve with spring return has been used since this ensures that the cylinder remains in the desired position if the hydraulic power unit is switched on unexpectedly The required cylinder diameter and the return speed of the piston rod can also be calculated as additional optional tasks in the exercise see the model calculations in the textbook Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 323 C Didactics Material Survey 168 Exercise Paint drying oven 4 3 way valve Problem Workpieces are fed continuously through a paint drying oven on a conveyor belt In order to minimize the heat loss t
131. eating new Circuit Diagrams n 28 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 49 4 1 Configurable Symbols __E FD 4 2 Additional Editing Functions _ 61 4 3 Additional Simulation Functions ___ BI 4 4 Linking Components Automatically 71 4 5 Current Path Numbering and Switching Elements Table 72 4 6 Terminal Assignment Diagrams 73 4 7 Displaying Quantity Values ______75 4 8 Displaying State Diagrams ___ 7B 4 9 Functional diagram editor __EEO 81 4 9 1 Adjust the representation of the diagrams_______ 87 4 10 Superficial Circuit Checking ____ 97 4 11 Coupling Hydraulics Electrics and Mechanics ___99 4 12 Operating Switches__ 108 4 13 Adjustable Components __ ___W 94N W _ 113 4 14 Settings for Simulation 114 4 15 Use of the EasyPort Hardware 117 4 16 OPC and DDE communication with Other Applications 120 4 17 Settings for the EasyPort OPC DDE communication _______ 123 4 18 Open loop and Closed loop Control 125 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Contents 4 18 1 Open loop Control 4 18 2 Closed loop Control 5 5 1 5 2 ere 5 4 5 5 5 6 6 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 6 8 6 9 6 10 6 11 6 12 7 7 1 7 2 A A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 Learning Teaching a
132. ectively upstream of valves which are sensitive to contamination this also enables smaller mesh sizes to be used t A pressure resistant housing is required which makes this configuration more expensive 4 It is important that the effectiveness of a filter can be checked by a contamination indicator The contamination of a filter is measured by the pressure drop as the contamination increases the pressure upstream of the filter increases The pressure acts on a spring loaded piston As the pressure increases the piston is pushed against a Spring t There are a number of different display methods Either the piston movement is directly visible or it is converted into an electrical or visual indication by electrical contacts 288 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey islWeierooer SSCS With this design of cooler hydraulic fluid is fed through tubes over which coolant water flows The heat which is discharged can be re used t The operating temperature in hydraulic installations should not exceed 50 60 C since this would cause an unacceptable reduction in viscosity leading to premature aging of the fluid In comparison with air cooling operating costs a higher due to the required coolant and the susceptibility to corrosion Temperature difference of up to approx 35 C can be handled amo SSS Hydraulic fluid from the return line flows through a coiled pipe wh
133. ed Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Description of the dialog box e Display Interval This is where you may enter starting point and terminal point of the interval defining how the state variables be logged Prior to the simulation you don t need to necessarily know when the interesting events are going to happen the display interval may also be changed after the simulation since FluidSIM internally logs all values all the time of the simulation If you select the field adjust automatically the defined limits will be ignored and the time axis will be scaled in such way that the entire period of the simulation can be displayed Activate the field run automatically if the diagram is to the last n seconds In this case the time axis will be displaced to the left hand side once the simulation period exceeds the defined time window In the input field you may define how many seconds are to be displayed in the applicable time window e 6 Log File The state values be written to a file To enable this option enter the complete path of a file and set a reasonable step width Note that a large amount of data can be written the step width is very small Hence if necessary shorten the simulation interval or increase the step width If the option Record state changes only is enabled FluidSIM lists only values if at least one state variable incurred a state change This option simplifies the detection of
134. ed at the start of the simulation FluidSIM issues a warning message The display of this message can also be disabled By clicking under a dialog box appears with parameters for sound settings Sound Parameters Options Sound Enable Sound E 7 al H Switch Valve Cylinder Description of the dialog box e Enable Sound An acoustic signal can be activated or deactivated for each of the following four component types switch relay valve cylinder and buzzer 116 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 15 Use of the EasyPort Hardware If there is no sound hardware the settings can be set but not applied FluidSIM can directly address the EasyPort that is connected to the serial port your computer No other drivers or software tools are required The interconnection is effected by implementing special electrical in out components that provide both eight inputs and outputs The components are the same as the ones used for the interconnection via OPC or DDE The operation mode of these input and output components is defined by the use of the menu option EasyPort OPC DDE Connection The EasyPort hardware may also be addressed by using OPC communication This is how you may also address remote EasyPort modules that are not connected locally e g using a LAN connection Provided the EasyPort modules are connected locally
135. ed by an arrow The valve ports can be designated as P supply port i 7 and T tank return port or as A and B The position of the arrow within the Boy Ci renege it 4 i 4 square indicates whether the valve is normally open or normally closed k Adjustable pressure valves are indicated by a diagonal arrow through the Ai E Ad spring Pressure valves are divided into pressure relief valves and pressure regulators 282 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Circuit symbols for flow control valves A distinction is made in flow control valves between types which are affected by viscosity and those which are unaffected Flow control valves unaffected by viscosity are termed orifices A 2 way flow control valve consists of restrictors one adjustable restrictor which is unaffected by viscosity orifice and a regulating restrictor pressure compensator These valves a z are represented by a rectangle containing the symbol for the adjustable restrictor and an arrow to represent the pressure compensator The diagonal arrow through the rectangle indicates that the valve is adjustable Aweera eri mi marry 24 Fuidh niputi orduks The symbol for non return valves is a ball which is pressed against a seat Paidesch agni erkalash Delockable non return valves are shown by a square containing the symbol for a non return valve The pilot control for unlocking the non return valv
136. ed cylinders that can be inserted in your circuit and directly used Should no suitable symbol be available then simply choose the component with the most similarity to the required component open the properties dialog and adjust the configuration accordingly Adjustable parameters Max stroke 1 5000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm 0mm Piston diameter 1 1000 mm 16mm Piston rod diameter 0 1000 mm 10mm Mounting angle 0 360Deg 0 Deg Internal leakage 0 100l min MPa Ol min MPa Moving mass 0 10000 kg Okg Static friction coefficient 0 2 0 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 0 Force 1000000 1000000 N ON 242 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Double acting cylinder Double acting cylinder with piston rod on one side The piston of the cylinder contains a permanent solenoid which can be used to operate a proximity switch Adjustable parameters Max stroke 1 5000 mm 200 mm Piston position 0 Max stroke mm Omm Piston diameter 1 1000mm 16mm Piston rod diameter 0 1000 mm 10mm Mounting angle 0 360Deg 0Deg Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Moving mass 0 10000kg 0kg Static friction coefficient 0 2 0 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 0 Force 1000000 1000000 N ON Double acting cylinder with shock adsorber at stroke end The piston of the cylinder
137. ed only all at once However component properties can be edited individually as usual by either double clicking the object or choosing the respective entry in the component s context menu To ungroup a collection of objects click Edit Ungroup Note that only the outermost group is resolved repeated ungrouping will resolve nested groups This section describes in detail additional functions that apply to the simulation of circuit diagrams During the Simulation Mode it is sometimes necessary to actuate more switches or valves simultaneously It is possible in FluidSIM to simulate just such an actuation by means of setting a component ina permanently actuated state A button or a manually operated valve will become permanently actuated when clicking on it while holding down key This permanent actuation will be released by a simple click on the component At times it may be necessary to release several actuated objects at once In this case while clicking the object hold the key instead ift key The reversed components will remain actuated until the Ctrl key is released again this is how all applicable objects will simultaneously switch back to their original position If a component is dragged from the component library to the circuit in the drawing area and the simulation has been paused M FluidSIM automatically switches to the Edit Mode Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM
138. ems FluidSIM 205 A FluidSIM Menus A 2 Edit 206 Print Ctrl P S Opens the Print Preview dialog box which allows you to print the current circuit diagram with an optional scaling factor Displays a list with the eight previously opened files When selecting one entry of this list the associated file is opened The list is sorted The most recently opened file forms the topmost entry Exit Alt F4 Quits FluidSIM Undo Alt Backspace Undoes the last edit step Up to 128 previous editing steps which have been stored can be made undone Withdraws the last action performed by Edit Undo The function can be used up until there are no more undo steps to be redone Cut Shift Del W Cuts the selected components and saves them to the clipboard Copies the selected components to the clipboard In this way circuit diagrams and parts of diagrams can be inserted easily as vector graphics for example into word processing applications Paste Shift Ins Inserts components from the clipboard onto the drawing area of the current circuit diagram Delete Del Deletes the selected components from the circuit diagram If a connection is selected and deleted a possibly connected line or fitted blind plug is deleted However the component is not deleted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus Select All Ctrl A Selects all components and lines of the current circuit d
139. en be combined to a closed polygon Alternatively existing data points can be marked and both numeric values for the time and the corresponding voltage can be entered in the input fields If the option loop is selected then the voltage profile is started again Adjustable parameters Frequency 0 100Hz 1 Hz Amplitude 0 10V 5V y offset 10 10V 5V Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 247 B The Component Library Setpoint value card Voltage profiles in the range 10 V to 10 V can be created using the setpoint value card Up to 8 setpoints W1 to W8 can be specified in the voltage range 10 V to 10 V The setpoint card requires a power supply of 24 V The increase from the current setpoint to the next setpoint is defined using 4 ramps R1 to R4 with values between 0 s V and 10 s V i e a low ramp value signifies a large increase whereas a high ramp value results in a small increase The active ramp is defined as follows R1 by a positive increase of 0 V R2 by a negative increase up to O V R3 by a negative increase of 0 V and R4 by a positive increase up to 0 V Three operating modes can be selected Wait for switching time Advance setpoints and External control In operating mode Wait for switching time the setpoints are sequentially advanced when the preset change over time has expired If Advance setpoints is selected then upon attaining the active setp
140. en simulating and creating circuits with FluidSIM 4 1 FluidSIM is capable of simulating a vast number of different cylinders Configurable Symbols and valves The combination of all part designs and functional types would lead to displaying many thousands of symbols Therefore you will find alongside some common part designs in the component library configurable and representative components In order to adapta cylinder or a way valve drag one of these representatives in the circuit and open the status dialog Here you will find settings helping you to define layout and function of the component Configure Cylinders Double click the cylinder to define part design parameter and external influence of a cylinder The status dialog of the cylinder will open The dialog consists of several registers providing a convenient overview despite the vast number of settings Find descriptions of the dialog boxes of individual registers below Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 49 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 50 Register Configuration Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters External load Force profile Actuating Labels Description Double acting cylinder Piston rod type One piston rod C Through Two piston rods Through 9 No piston rod with magnetic clutch with slide Mirror C Horizontal C Vertical Description of the dialog box e C
141. ened and a new project can be created Project files get the file extension prj Open The file selector box is opened and a project can selected and opened lose The current project is closed and the standard settings are loaded Add Current Window Adds the current window to the list of project files Delete Current Window Removes the current window from the list of project files Properties Opens a dialog box where the project properties can be defined Files Shows the list of files that belong to the current project Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 211 A FluidSIM Menus A 8 View 212 Overviews Shows the list of preview windows that belong to the current project Presentations Shows the list of presentations that belong to the current project The functions of the menu are circuit diagram specific that is they only apply to the current circuit diagram Thus it is possible to apply individually different display options to each circuit diagram which is loaded Folder View Shows the content of the active component library or of the active circuit diagram overview using the folder view instead of the tree view Sort Symbols Alphabeticall Sorts the symbols of the current preview window with respect to their description and extension respectively Standard Size Q Displays the circuit diagram without enlargement or reduction PreviousView J8
142. ength Introduction Fundamentals Pressure fluids Fundamentals Pressure and Flow Rate Fundamentals Transmission of Force and Displacement Fundamentals Pressure Transmission Fundamentals Types of Flow Basic Design of Hydraulic Systems The Hydraulic Power Unit Hydraulic Drives Valves Valves Directional Control Valves Valves Non Return Valves Valves Pressure Control Valves Valves Flow Control Valves Representation of Hydraulic Systems in Circuit Diagrams Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 15 For several topics useful presentations have been provided within Fluid Standard Presentations SIM The following table lists the titles of the predefined presentations Presentation Title All topics sorted by number Applications Components of a hydraulic system Graphic and circuit symbols Fundamental physical principles Components of the power supply section Valves in general Pressure valves Directional control valves Non return valves Flow control valves Hydraulic cylinders and motors Measuring devices Exercises Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 331 D Messages D 1 Electrical Errors D 2 Drawing Errors 332 This section contains information about the messages that may appear from FluidSIM while working in the Edit Mode the Simulation Mode or while saving circuit diagrams A Simulation aborted A
143. ered AND is only Hi when all inputs are Hi and if at least one input was Lo in the previous cycle If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi NAND AND not The output Q of the NAND is only Lo when all inputs are Hi that is if they are closed If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi NAND With Edge Evaluation The output Q of the NAND with edge evaluation is only Hi if at least one input is Lo and if all inputs were Hi in the previous cycle If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Hi OR The output Q of the OR is only Hi if at least one input is Hi that is if it is closed If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo NOR OR not The output Q of the NOR is only Hi when all inputs are Lo that is if they are switched off As soon as any input is switched on status Hi the output of the NOR is set to Lo If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 267 B The Component Library Special Functions Fs a pa n feje afis ie fi is ov Jor Jaz Jas fa4 as Joe or Jos ss pain Jefe J s ie ie e f
144. es In the number field Number of copies the desired number of copies is typed in If the printout consists of several pages you can check the Collate to have the pages sorted automatically Scale factor In the number field Scale factor enlargement or reduction of the circuit diagram is typed in as a percentage The print preview window then re scales the circuit diagram according to the size proportion that was given If the paper size in combination with the chosen scaling factor exceeds the printer s printing area the diagram is printed in a tiled fashion The expected number of pages is indicated in the printer preview dialog box Pressing the Fit to paper size button sets the scale factor so that the circuit diagram fills out the entire paper area Margin adjustment In order to take the printable regions of different output devices into account or enlarge the margin of a printout an offset in mm can be defined for the left as well as the upper margin Positive values move the drawing to the right or down negative values move the drawing to the left or up Alignment In some cases it could be useful to rotate or to mirror the drawing E g some printer drivers do not support rotating by themselves Printing begins by clicking on OK Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions 6 7 FluidSIM circuits may be exported as TIFF e g to pro
145. es a constant volumetric flow The operating pressure is limited by the internal pressure relief valve The pump unit has two tank connections Adjustable parameters Max pressure 0 01 40 MPa 6MPa Flow 0 500l min 2 4l min Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa 0 04 min MPa Pump unit simplified Simplified representation of the detailed pump unit The component does not have tank connections in the circuit diagram Adjustable parameters Max pressure 0 01 40 MPa 6MPa Flow 0 500l min 21l min Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Fixed displacement pump The fixed displacement pump delivers a constant volumetric flow rate dependent upon the revolutions and the displacement volume Adjustable parameters Revolution 0 30001 min 1320 1 min Displacement 0 001 1 Liter 0 0016 Liter Max pressure 0 1 40 MPa 6 MPa Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa 220 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Variable displacement pump The revolutions of the variable displacement pump can be changed under operating conditions The pump delivers a variable volumetric flow rate dependent upon the variable revolutions and the displacement volume Adjustable parameters Revolution 0 30001 min 13201 min Displacement 0 001 1 Liter 0 0016 Liter Max pressure 0 1 40 MPa 6 MPa Internal leakage 0 1001 min
146. es its memory removes the cached data rebuilds the internal data structures and refreshes all windows If the topmost window is a circuit diagram preview window the contents of the corresponding directory will also be read as new Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips Changing the Sound Files File Operations via Preview Windows Creating Presentation Files Provided your computer has an audio interface capable of playing back audio sounds will optionally play while actuating relays switches valves and while activating the buzzer You may use your own sound files instead of the preset ones by replacing the sound files in the snd folder The sound for switch pushbutton and for relays is switch wav the sound for valves is valve wav the buzzer activates the sound horn wav and the cylinder end position stop triggers cylinder wav Aside from opening circuit diagrams by double clicking on a circuit s miniature representation a preview window does also provide some File Manager functionality Analogous to the Edit Mode for objects in a circuit diagram the miniaturized circuit diagrams can be selected deleted copied between overview windows or moved by holding down _key copied to the clipboard or dragged into the a circuit diagram window Please remember that delete operations and move operations take place on the file system Therefore if a miniaturized circuit
147. esto Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 59 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Description Enter here a name for the valve This name is used in the state diagram and in the parts list e Valve Body A configurable valve has at most four positions For each of the positions a valve body element can be chosen individually Such an element is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a position no element is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list The valve may be marked as Reversible to display that it has no particular direction of flow e Initial Position This button defines the valve s initial position sometimes also called normal position or neutral position which is the position without having any operation applied to the valve Note that this setting is only exploited if it physically does not contradict a spring returned setting possibly defined above e Dominant Signal A Dominant signal to the left hand or right hand side defines which signal will be overriding when the valve is addressed from both sides simultaneously e Hydraulic Resistance This is where you may define the hydraulic resistance of the valve In reality the hydraulic resistance is often assigned by a characteristic line resp by pairs of values pressure drop flow Using the button Curve you may
148. ey 102 3 2 way valve slide principle 2 The 3 2 way valve is actuated flow is released from P to A and the outlet T is closed ES 3 2 way valves which are normally closed from P to A and T are also available In addition to their application as final control elements 3 2 way valves can also be used as diverters In this case port T is connected to a further device to which a switch over can then be made The part circuit diagrams show the facility to switch between the flow control valves with different settings and between heating and cooling The circuit symbol is drawn reversed to simplify the representation of the circuit diagram 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 The 4 2 way valve has two working ports A and B a supply port Panda tank port T The supply port is always connected to one of the working ports while the second working port is routed to the tank In the normal position there is flow from P to B and from A to T n contrast to valves with three pistons 4 2 way valves with two pistons do not require a leakage oil port see topic 106 The 4 2 way valve is actuated and there is flow from P to A and from B to T ES 4 2 way valves are also available which are normally open from P to A and from B to T Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 303 C Didactics Material Survey 106 4 2 way valve three pistons 1 This 4 2 way valve has two working ports A and B a Supply
149. fferent speeds are required in the same direction with constant pump delivery If it is desired to calculate forces and piston speeds using concrete values the model values given in the TP 501 textbook can be used for this purpose 328 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Drilling machine pressure regulator Problem The drill feed and clamping device of a drilling machine are hydraulically actuated The hydraulic control system contains two cylinders a clamping cylinder 1A and a feed cylinder 2A The clamping pressure at cylinder 1A must be adjustable since different workpiece clamping forces are required A pressure regulator is used for this The return stroke of the clamping cylinder must be at maximum speed The drilling feed must be adjustable for various feed speeds which must however remain constant under varying load It should also be noted that the drive spindle fitted to the piston rod of the drilling cylinder acts as a tractive load The return stroke of the drilling cylinder should also be at maximum speed A circuit should be drafted with the above mentioned characteristics Solution Pressure regulators can as general principle be used to reduce the general system pressure in a part of a hydraulic installation If we consider the two control chains for the drilling machine without pressure regulation we can observe the following undesirable effects When 1V
150. flow control cannot be used to control a tractive load the load forces oil out of the piston rod chamber faster than oil can flow into the piston chamber Vacuum is created and air will escape 326 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Feed control for a lathe Speed control Problem The feed movement of a lathe has previously been carried out manually In future this is to be performed automatically by a hydraulic control system The feed movement must be adjustable and remain constant even with changing tool loads Since a simple throttle valve is not able to provide a constant feed speed under changing load a 2 way flow control valve must be used On the basis of a circuit diagram with data for the no load situation values for pressures pressure differences and feed speed under load must be added The circuit diagram must be modified to ensure that the flow control valve is not operative on the return stroke Finally the relationship must be investigated between Q of the PRV and the feed speed and between Apo and the volumetric flow to the load device Solution In order to prevent the flow control valve from acting as a resistance on the return stroke a non return valve is installed parallel to this as a by pass The pressure at the PRV remains constant despite the effect of the load The outlet flow from this is therefore a constant 7 l min A constant volumetric fl
151. frame it makes sense to place this frame on a drawing layer whose Edit option is disabled This way the frame is anchored and will not interfere when placing components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions By double clicking on an imported DXF symbol the following dialog box is opened Component Description of the dialog box e Description In this field a designation can be entered which is also displayed in the parts list e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the symbol The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the symbol may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible symbol or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu View Layers Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 177 6 Special Functions 6 10 Using and Organizing Component Libraries Displaying the Component Library 178 FluidSIM offers two ways of displaying the component libraries Tree View This will display the entire structure tree like Subgroups as opposed to their superordinate groups are indented to the right hand side Below the applicable group designation you will find the symbols To keep track of the overview despite the large number of component symbols
152. g a new presentation and closing the dialog box by clicking on OK FluidSIM asks you to name the presentation file Presentation files have the extension shw and are located in the subdirectory shw under the 1_sim_h directory The structure of a presentation file is described more thoroughly in section 7 2 FluidSIM 3 contains an additional large set of presentations written in the Microsoft PowerPoint Format To use these presentations PowerPoint must not be installed on your PC since FluidSIM installs the necessary viewer at its installation time Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click on to open the dialog box of a presentation Presentation PowerPoint file 00 Demonstration Animation 1 Overview 10 Basics 20 Purp Menu 21 Hydraulic Pump Overview 22 Fixed and Variable Pumpe 23 Wane Pumps 24 Piston Pumps 25 Pump Selection Factors 26 Purp Installation 30 Industral Controls 40 Proportional Valves 4 Proportional Valves Basic Principles 4 Proportional Valves Basic Principles with Notes 4 Proportional Products 4 Proportional Products with Motes Preview Select the item Actuators to open the related presentation in full screen mode Most of the topics form a picture sequence which can be viewed ina single step manner using the left mouse button or the spacebar
153. h each drawing The text that is entered in description is shown in the preview window below the respective diagram Circuit By clicking on J or and with Edit Redo each step given in the Edit Mode can be undone in the following manner By clicking on Edit Undo the last editing step that was taken is undone FluidSIM recalls the last 128 editing steps which can be undone The function serves as a way to withdraw the last undone step When using J to undo an editing step you may go to far By clicking under Edit Redo the circuit is returned to its original state before undo J was initiated The function can be invoked until there are no more undo steps to be redone The function applies to all possible editing steps in the Edit Mode A component can be highlighted that is to say selected by clicking on it with the left mouse button However by clicking on another component with the left mouse button the first component is no longer selected but the second component is Only one component at a time may be selected when clicking with the left mouse button Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits If while you are clicking on components you hold down the the components that are already selected will remain so In addition the component underneath the mouse cursor will also be selected if not already selected
154. h pilot control The valve is closed in the idle position The hydraulic fluid drains off at T when the pressure difference at the connections P and T exceeds the nominal pressure If the pressure falls below the preset value the valve closes again The flow direction is marked with an arrow The pilot operated pressure relief valve consists of a pilot stage and a main stage When open there is less volumetric flow at the pilot stage that leads to connection Y The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 40 MPa 5 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 231 B The Component Library Shutoff counteracting valve If the opening pressure is reached at the control line connection the valve opens from P to T The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 40 MPa 5 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 2 way pressure reducing valve The pressure regulator valve regulates the pressure at connection A to the preset operating pressure and equalizes the pressure fluctuations The valve closes when the pressure at connection A exceeds the operating pressure The setting of the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed The hydraulic resistance relates to
155. he computer ey Already drawn lines which are reported to be superimposed cannot be found Press the key immediately after accepting the message then draw a new line FluidSIM does not behave normally Exit both FluidSIM and Microsoft Windows and then restart Microsoft Windows and FluidSIM w You are getting negative values for pressure Negative values for pressure mean that from a physical standpoint the power supply unit is not providing the necessary output Often the reason is that there is a too high tensile load on a cylinder In reality this situation can lead to different reactions depending on apparent loads and the power supply unit involved For this reason FluidSIM simply indicates a negative pressure value Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips The pressure drop on a pressure relief valve is higher than its preset targeted nominal value There is really no mistake here A pressure relief valve has a preset nominal pressure threshold which is related to a certain pressure flow If the flow should increase beyond this value a larger pressure drop will occur according to the resistance characteristics of the valve The pressure relief valve is also not in the position to guarantee a certain pressure in all circumstances Components cannot be marked Please ensure that the option Protect Text Components is not activated and tha
156. he actuation and spring return of the final control element 4 2 way valve the advance and return of the drive component double acting cylinder and the opening and closing of the pressure relief valve t The representations of the actuator and final control element are based on the relevant circuit symbols This can be used as a preparation for the introduction of circuit symbols First of all the control chain is numbered sequentially according to the principle The first actuator is given the supplementary number O and the associated final control element the supplementary number 1 The remaining elements get even numbers if they influence the advance stroke and uneven numbers if they influence the return stroke t The numbering should always be entered in the circuit diagram and also on the machine to enable systematic fault finding The DIN ISO Standard 1219 2 defines the code structure of the components number of the circuit component designation and component number If the entire system consists of a single plant only the plant number may be dropped ti ii as a string consisting of the following four parts number of the plant p Tft o Fa PIE Another method used in practice is to number all the components ina hydraulic system consecutively The numbers then correspond to the numbers in the parts list This method is used particularly with complex controls systems for which a control chain related
157. he continual rotation through repeated changes in the direction of current The characteristics of the 24 V Dc motor relate to the motor used by the Festo Didactic conveyor belts Adjustable parameters No load speed 10 200001 min 75 1 min Torque 0 20Nm ONm Indicator light If current flows the indicator light is displayed in the user defined color Adjustable parameters Color One of 16 standard colors Yellow Buzzer If current flows a flashing ring around the buzzer is shown Moreover if buzzer is activated in the menu under Options Sound the buzzer is activated if a sound hardware is installed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 249 B The Component Library Measuring Instruments Sensors Voltmeter With a voltmeter the voltage between two positions in a circuit can be measured Ammeter With an ammeter the amperage current strength of the current between two positions in a circuit can be measured Displacement encoder The displacement encoder is a slide potentiometer with longitudinal contact and no connecting rods It delivers a voltage signal that is proportional to the pick up position The pick up position is determined by the piston stroke The voltage range which will depict the minimal and maximal piston position can be defined within the range 10 V to 10 V by the user The displacement encoder requires a power supply of at least 13 V
158. he preview window When saving circuit diagrams the preview window is automatically updated In the luidsim directory subdirectories can be created for the saving of circuit diagrams FluidSIM recognizes all circuit diagram directories and generates appropriate circuit diagram preview windows TIFF Export The file selection box will open the graphic information of the present circuit can be converted and saved to the TIFF format If no new name is entered for the TIFF file it will be saved using the circuit description and the file extension tif The TIFF export filter is useful to provide the graphic circuit information as a picture file for the use in other applications DXF Export Opens the File Selector dialog box and you can then export the current circuit diagram in the DXF format If no new name is given for the DXF file then it is saved under the circuit diagram name with the file extension dxf The DXF export filter allows the graphic information from the circuit diagram to be exported to other CAD systems Parts list Export The file selector box is opened the contents of the selected parts list is saved as a text file When file name has been specified another dialog box opens where a character can be declared as column separator Opens a dialog box where the circuit properties can be defined Opens a dialog box where the paper size can be defined Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Syst
159. hes operate with the switching of only one Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 111 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Automatic Switch Altering FluidSIM recognizes delay switches limit switches and pressure switches by the nature of their usage and by their labels and supplies the corresponding symbol for the switch in the electrical circuit for switch on delayed for switch off delayed for mechanical operated Switches and for pressure operated switches The representation of switches that are actuated by cylinders can be determined by selecting the corresponding switch type in the component s properties dialog Make switch Triggered by 4 Limit Switch le Switch with roll BS D Reed contact Corresponding component of electrical circuit chet Corresponding component of hydraulic circuit D tm This means that there do not exist special symbols for these switches in the FluidSIM component library Instead the symbols for simple switches can be utilized 112 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 13 Adjustable Components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Certain components contain parameters that can be set in the Edit Mode A number of these components have been discussed in earlier sections The d
160. hese state variables in the state variable box In case in the state variable dialog box no option is switched on the particular cylinder related state variables will not be displayed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 53 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Register External Load Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters External load Force profile Actuating Labels Moving mass gl kg 0 10000 Friction amp Select material Steel on steel O Cast iron on cast iron O Wood on wood Steel on wood Y Steel on ice Tire on asphalt 3 Enter manually Static friction coefficient 0 2 Sliding friction coefficient 0 2 Note Calculation of friction force alsa depends on cylinders mounting angle zee Parameters Cree ee Description of the dialog box e Moving Mass Please enter the mass of the load here that is supposed to move cylinder The mass of the cylinder piston and of the piston rod will be automatically and appropriately calculated by FluidSIM from the entered cylinder dimensions thus the mass in this case refers only to the external load Particularly entering O does not conclude in the moving parts being massless 54 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Friction Static friction and sliding friction deter
161. his situation for example the piston rod is fully advanced the entire pump delivery is flowing at the preset system pressure to the tank This illustration shows a pressure relief valve within a basic hydraulic circuit used to control a double acting cylinder t The resistances at the outlet tank line filter must be added to the force of the spring in the pressure relief valve See also the animation Interaction of components topic 7 292 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 62 Circuit diagram PRV used to limit system pressure This illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the cut away view of the PRV replaced by the appropriate circuit symbol One application of pressure relief valves is as brake valves these prevent pressure peaks which may otherwise occur as the result of mass moments of inertia when a directional control valve is suddenly closed The animation shows an incorrect circuit in schematic form in which the working line on the exhaust side has fractured due to the absence of a brake valve t The next animation topic 64 shows the correct circuit 6 This illustration shows the correct circuit for the problem in topic 63 This circuit incorporates not only a brake valve on the piston rod side but also a non return valve on the inlet side via which oil can be taken in from a reservoir during the vacuum pha
162. hrough the door this should be opened only as much as required by the height of the workpieces The hydraulic control system should be designed so that the door can be held reliably in position for a long period of time without slipping down Firstly a 4 3 way valve with suitable mid position functions should be selected as a final control element Secondly a delockable non return valve should be provided in the circuit diagram to act as a hydraulic safety device to prevent slippage of the door under load i e its own weight over a long period of time as the result of leakage losses in the directional control valve The question is which type of 4 3 way valve has a suitable mid position function Solution A 4 3 way valve with an all ports closed mid position will solve the problem only if a poppet valve is used If a slide valve would be used the oven door would slip down slowly as the result of internal leakage losses The second solution would be to fit a delockable non return valve in the supply line to the piston rod side of the cylinder downstream of the directional control valve In order to ensure that the non return valve closes immediately when the door stops both the outlets A and B of the directional control valve to the tank must be de pressurized A B and T connected P closed 324 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 169 Exercise Clamping device
163. iagram Group Ctrl G Groups the selected objects Groups can be nested by applying the grouping operation recursively on already existing groups ngroup Ungroups the selected groups Each ungroup operation removes only the outermost group when applied to a selection that contains nested groups E 2 S 000 oot Aligns the selected objects Rotates the marked components by 90 180 or 270 If only one component is to be rotated counterclockwise this action is accomplished by holding down the Ctr key and double clicking on the component If additionally th ey is held down rotation happens in a clockwise fashion Mirror O U Mirrors the marked components horizontally or vertically Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 207 A FluidSIM Menus A 3 Execute 208 Opens a dialog box that contains the parameters for a single selected component This dialog box will also contain an input field for a label name as long as a label can be assigned to the component If a fluidic line is selected a dialog box will appear in which you can change the line type from the standard line type Main Line to the special line type Control Line Note that aside from a different appearance changing line type has no impact respecting simulation If a fluidic connection is selected a dialog box will appear containing input fields for the selected connecti
164. ialog box for setting these parameters can be opened with a double click or Edit Properties During the simulation some components may be adjusted in the same way as in reality Thus e g the delivery rate of the pump or the opening level of the throttle allow to be continuously changed To do so it is not necessary to open the properties dialog and to subsequently close it using OK instead a simple click on the component is enough to open a window providing slide controllers Changes will effect the simulation immediately Once you click another component or a blank area in the window the properties dialog will disappear automatically When in simulation mode and moving the mouse across a component real time settings are available Throttle valve To help with precision adjustment some controllers provide an optional control range You may alternatively enter the numeric value using the input field 113 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 14 By clicking or under the menu parameters Settings for Simulation and options can be set for simulation By clicking under a dialog box appears with parameters for simulation Simulation Parameters Options Simulation Line Colors Simulation Speed Pressureless G Maintain Real Time Under pressure Maximum Speed Vapor pressure Role Slow motion Factor al Under current mane Label designation Digital Lo O k C Disp
165. ibrary the state diagram component and place it onto the drawing area The state diagram records the state quantities of important components and depicts them graphically Move the state diagram to a free place in the drawing Drag the cylinder and drop it onto the state diagram A dialog opens where you may choose the desired status variables In this particular case only the position is of interest so you may confirm the default selection by choosing OK Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 45 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 46 C Fluids IMicthnoname ct Component Description 012345678 910 Double acting cylinder 42 way hand leyer valve Set the simulation to Pause mode and move the mouse curser to the graph in the diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits When resting on the diagram for approximately one second the mouse curser will call a window indicating the exact values of time and of the applicable status variable The display will move along and update the values when you move the mouse alongside the graph Description Designation O 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 Ww cylinder as he Time 1 B87 i Fosition 15 84 mm You may use several status diagrams in one window as well as you may display several components in the same diagram By dragging a component onto the diagram y
166. ich is cooled by a fan The advantages here are simplicity of installation and low operating costs The noise of the fan may be a nuisance see also topic 46 Heating element Heaters are often required to ensure that the optimum operating temper ature is reached quickly Heating elements or flow preheaters are used for heating and pre heating hydraulic fluid t f the viscosity is to high the resulting increase in friction and cavitation leads to greater wear 49 The illustration shows the detailed circuit symbol for a hydraulic power unit E Since this is an combination unit a dot dash line is placed around the symbols representing the individual units Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 289 C Didactics Material Survey C 6 Fundamentals of Valves 50 Actuating force With some types of poppet valves the actuating force which is dependent on pressure and area may be very high In order to avoid this pressure 7 compensation may be provided at the valves Poppet principle Valves are based either on the poppet principle or slide principle In poppet valves a ball a cone or a disc is pressed by a spring against the seat of a passage The high pressure per unit area which is created means that valves of this kind provide a very efficient seal The illustration shows a cone used as a Sealing element This illustration shows the principle of a longitudinal slide valve In order
167. ich results when a tooth moves out of mesh produces a vacuum in the suction area The hydraulic fluid is conveyed into the pressure area The hydraulic fluid is then forced out of the tooth gaps by the meshing of the teeth and displaced into the above supply line The inner gear is driven by a motor The teeth of the inner wheel drive the outer gear wheel The rotary motion creates a vacuum in the gaps between the teeth causing hydraulic fluid to be sucked in On the other side the teeth engage once more and oil is displaced from the tooth chambers The design can deliver pressures of up to approx 17 5 MPa 175 bar Hydraulic motors represent the reverse of the function principle Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 287 C Didactics Material Survey 42 Circuit diagram Return flow filter An oil filter situated in the return line to the tank has the advantage that the filter is thus easy to maintain A disadvantage however is that contamination is removed from the hydraulic fluid only after it has passed through the hydraulic components t This configuration is often used 43 With this configuration the pump is protected from contamination The filter is on the other hand less easily accessible t f these filters have a too fine mesh suction problems and cavitation effects may occur Additional coarse filters upstream of the pump are recommended Pressure filters can be installed sel
168. ied by considerable noise Input and output power Various losses occur at the individual devices within a hydraulic control chain These consist essentially of mechanical electrical and volumetric losses t After an installation has been in service for some time there will be a change in particular in the volumetric efficiency of the pump as the result for example of cavitation see topic 35 286 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 5 Components of a Power Unit 38 Hydraulic power unit The hydraulic power unit power supply unit provides the energy required for the hydraulic installation Its most important components are the reservoir tank drive electric motor hydraulic pump pressure relief valve safety valve filter and cooler The hydraulic power unit may also act asa carrier for other devices gauges directional control valves The hydraulic reservoir contains the hydraulic fluid required the operate the installation Within the reservoir air water and solid matter are separated out of the hydraulic fluid t The size of the reservoir will depend on the practical application involved for stationary systems the volume of fluid delivered by the pump in 3 to 5 minutes can be taken as a guide In mobile hydraulic systems on the other hand the reservoir contains only the maximum quantity of hydraulic fluid required The increase in volume wh
169. ies Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits A dialog box with the connection settings opens The field Show Values defines the state values to be displayed when the selected option in the state values dialog box is chosen However if the no option in the state values dialog box is chosen even the checked state values are not displayed The settings for the display behavior for state values belong to the current circuit diagram only Hence for several open circuit diagrams different view options can be defined By clicking on Save Settings Now the view option settings of the current circuit are saved and serve as default for newly opened circuit diagrams Special Features of the Vector quantities are characterized by an absolute value along witha Quantity Display direction To indicate the direction within a circuit diagram the signs into or toward a component and out of or away from a component are used An arrow may also be used to display direction FluidSIM uses both representations Quantity Direction indicator Flow Sign arrow Velocity Sign Force Sign Current Sign The arrow as a direction of flow indicator can be turned on or off by clicking under Display Flow Direction The arrow for the direction of flow will be shown clear the component connection that is as long as the flo
170. ies the identification of switches and relays when constructing electrical circuits Along with the generated switching element tables FluidSIM makes it easy to understand which switches are controlled by which relays To make the automatic labeling feature a satisfactorily working concept the following points should be obeyed e The 24V current path should form the top horizontal line e The OV current path should form the bottom horizontal line e The electric make break changeover switches should be placed above the relays e The relays should be placed closed to the bottom OV current path e All connections of a vertical current path should align e The horizontal distances between the paths should be equal and of reasonable distance If the automatic numbering or the label positions are not entirely satisfying a manual adjustment of a few lines or components will yield the desired layout quality in most cases If two separated electrical circuits cause an unfavorable numbering try to increase the distance between these circuits The automatic current path numbering can enabled or disabled via Display current path numbering and switching elements table Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 6 The automatic establishment of terminal assignment diagrams will Terminal Assignment help you with the clear wiring of external switches sensors
171. ignation of ports using either the letters P T R A B and L or consecutively using A B C D etc the first method is the preferred one in the relevant standard Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 281 C Didactics Material Survey Circuit symbols for directional control valves 3 Pinin j teeny The illustration shows the circuit symbols for 4 3 way valves with various ca erman T i iy mid positions oni I bliHeldin iP A R Th 20 Circuit symbols for manual operation The switching position of a directional control valve can be changed by various actuation methods The symbol for the valve is accordingly supplemented by a symbol indicating the actuation methods shown such as pushbuttons and pedals a spring is always necessary for resetting Resetting can however also be achieved by actuating the valve a second time for example in the case of valves with hand levers and detents Alene ines Smita m aca ioe m i ued seals heehee dl Hanzie und Fede ricertc ng os Hien hehe ocd Hura neel one TT Daai nnd bea kee bingy i Tia The various actuating methods possible are listed in DIN ISO 1219 21 Circuit symbols for mechanical actuation This illustration shows the symbols for stem or push button spring and roller Steel oder Taster stem Feder Rollanstobe 22 Pressure valves are represented using squares The flow direction is puoiememnent fa fw indicat
172. imation animation within circuit connect copy delete description in clipboard in selection insert mirror mirror selection move permanent actuation properties rotate Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 193 204 192 97 20 170 335 23 97 336 199 65 125 200 259 116 69 142 44 37 65 33 334 139 65 62 65 66 66 33 69 101 113 163 66 341 Index rotate selection___SSsSSSSSSSSSSSFSSSSSSSSSS _ 66 sectional view____ COFsS COFsFSSS C FFSSS CFFSSSSSSSSS A 40 156 select___ 8B Superimposed__ O97 333 usage in circuit GO with label component library build 183 create 183 display__ 78 folder view___ 78 new _ 183 rearrange 180 tree view___ 178 using 78 component parameter adjustable 13 general__ _ 13 components group__ 8D same description __ 28333 Series connection____9 _ SOO ungroup __ 8D computer power __LWJ_J_EO A 71 configurable symbols _ AO configuration cylinder __EO 5 configure cylinder 5 symbols ___ AY connection close 7G digital 116 266 electrical__ _ 248 general__ _ 87 342 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index hydraulic DB incompatible___ 33 mechanical__9 SO 73 Open G67 97 332 333 properties___ 7G quantities__ 76 Superimposed__ O97 332 context menu n 19 65 context sensitive __ 8D continuous valve ___ 7 continuous valves__ 5
173. imulated In this example the clicked switch becomes closed and recalculation begins automatically Following the calculation the new pressure and flow values are indicated and the cylinders retract The switching of a component is only possible when a simulation is running or when a simulation has been set to pause m In the event that you would like to simulate another circuit diagram it is not necessary to close the open one FluidSIM allows you to have several circuits open at one time Furthermore FluidSIM is able to simulate multiple circuits simultaneously Click on or Execute Stop to switch the current circuit from Simulation Mode to Edit Mode Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 2 The Different Simulation Modes Reset and Restart of the Simulation Single Step Mode Simulation to a State Change By switching a circuit from Simulation Mode to Edit Mode all compo nents will automatically be set back to their normal status In partic ular switches are Set to their original position valves switch to their normal position cylinder pistons are set to their previous position and all values calculated are deleted Edit Mode to Simulation Mode without starting the simulation This feature is useful if components shall be set before the simulation is started In addition to the functions of the preceding secti
174. inciples Transmission of Force and Displacement 5 Physical Principles Pressure Transmission 6 Physical Principles Types of Flow 7 Basic Design of Hydraulic Systems 8 The Hydraulic Power Unit 9 Hydraulic Drives 10 Valves 11 Valves Directional Control Valves 12 Valves Non Retum Valves 13 Valves Pressure Control Valves 14 Valves Flow Control Valves 15 Representation of Hydraulic Systeme in Circuit Diagrams Preview Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 153 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Description of the dialog box e Available Educational Films This field contains a list of available educational films By double clicking on a line in the list the dialog box closes and the media playback starts playing the selected film e Preview When the Preview setting is activated a typical scene from the film appears underneath the list of titles 154 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics vet Click on The Hydraulic Power Unit to start the playback of the selected film FluidSIM H EEx File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project view Options Window Ome e Slo keeles B QQQQQQlM ar 1 w gt H lt Hierarchical View Component Library ARZ My Files Common Files Windows Media Player Hydraulic Electrical controls Digita
175. inder s piston extends As soon as the piston fully extends a new situation arises This situation is recognized by FluidSIM and is recalculated The pressure relief valve opens and the distribution of pressure is shown FluidSIM not only animates manually operated components during changeover but nearly all components with multiple states The following figure shows a pressure relief valve in closed and open position in 1 44 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Recall that in the Simulation Mode manually operated valves and switches can be switched with a mouse click Move the mouse cursor over the left hand side of the valve The mouse cursor becomes a hand with an extended index finger and indicates that the valve can be switched Click on the left side of the valve and hold the mouse button down When you click on a valve the real behavior of the valve is simulated In our example the valve is switched to crossover position and a recalculation is initiated automatically As a result the pressure relief valve closes and the cylinder retracts As soon as the cylinder reaches its left stop the pressure relief valve opens again Components whose switching status is not locked remain activated as long as the mouse button is held down Stop the simulation which also brings you to Edit Mode Select from the component l
176. inders the piston and rod form a single component Due to the design of the cylinder the return stroke can only be effected by external forces The cylinders can therefore generally be installed only vertically In the case of double acting cylinders both piston surfaces can be pressur ized A working movement can thus be performed in both directions t With double acting cylinders with a single sided piston rod different forces and speeds are obtained on the advance and return strokes due to the difference in area between the piston surface and annular piston surface Cylinder with end position cushioning are used to brake high stroke speeds smoothly and prevent hard impacts at the end of the stroke Shortly before the end position is reached the cross section for the outflow of fluid is reduced by the built in cushioning pistons and then finally closed The hydraulic fluid is then forced to escape through a flow control valve 316 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 155 End position cushioning 1 The piston is a short distance before its end position the hydraulic fluid on the piston rod side must escape via the adjustable flow control valve above the piston rod t This type of end position cushioning is used for stroke speed between 6 m min and 20 m min At higher speed additional cushioning or braking devices must be used The piston rod is on its return stro
177. ing a lower performance computer the editing of new circuit diagrams often appears jerky when simulations of other circuits are simultaneously running in the background So that working in the Edit Mode goes more smoothly all simulations performed in the background should be stopped In order to make circuit design efficient FluidSIM provides more functions to facilitate component linking FluidSIM automatically inserts a T connection when a line is drawn from a component connection to an already existing line This functionality applies to hydraulic as well as electrical and digital lines In major circuits several components are often connected in series To reduce the effort of connection in such a serial connection you may place components without a distance and on the same level in such way One after another that neighboring in or outputs will meet this is how FluidSIM automatically establishes the connections of these inputs and outputs These connections will be visible by displaying lines when you move the components away from each other FluidSIM will only establish the connections of components once a simulation is started or when a circuit is checked graphically see Section 4 10 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 71 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 5 Current Path Numbering and Switching Elements Table 72 The automatic generation of current paths simplif
178. ing point of view FluidSIM distinguishes between control lines and main lines The former is represented by a dashed line the latter is represented by a solid line and establishes the default case Adjustable parameters Line Type One of Main Line or Control Line Main Line T junction hydraulic A T junction joins up to three hydraulic lines thus having a single pressure potential Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 223 B The Component Library Configurable Way Valves Configurable 2 n way valve The configurable 2 n way valve is a way valve with two connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Configurable 3 n way valve The configurable 3 n way valve is a way valve with three connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Configurable 4 n way valve The configurable 4 n way valve is a way valve with four connections where both its body elements and its opera
179. ino fins pepe fina fas in ov or oz fos a4 a6 os ar os os prob ipi2pispiaprspre PTTTTPTTT TTT tr ry 268 XOR exclusive OR The output Q of the XOR is Hi if the inputs are nonequivalent If an input pin of this block is not connected its status is automatically Lo NOT Negation Inverter The output Q is Hi if the input is Lo The NOT block is an input status inverter Digital module The digital module is used for a compact embedding of a digital switching circuit into a electrohydraulic circuit The digital module offers 8 16 electrical inputs and outputs which transfer their states to its digital switching circuit in the inner part Therefore the digital switching circuit does not need much space in the electrohydraulic circuit for the display of the digital module as a rectangle with a total number of 18 34 connections By making a double click with the left mouse button on the digital module you come to the digital circuit in the inner part of the module A new window opens It shows the digital circuit and can be handled in the usual way The standard configuration in the inner part of a new inserted digital module is a row with 8 16 inputs and 8 16 outputs each They correspond to the inputs and outputs of the module in the electrohydraulic circuit In order to be able to test the digital circuit during the set up it can be simula
180. ion flow from B to A is closed The released piston is pressurized via pilot port X This lifts the sealing element from its seat and releases flow from B to A In order to release the valve reliably the effective area of the pilot piston must always be greater than the effective area of the sealing element Piloted non return valves are also available with lockable non return function 310 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 133 Delockable non return valve 3 The model circuit diagram shows how a load can be positioned by holding a cylinder using a suitable delockable non return valve The valve becomes active in the return stroke whereby the restriction on the piston side is released by actuation of the 3 2 way valve ES See also the animation 135 on this topic 134 The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the piloted non return valve as a circuit symbol The 4 2 way valve is actuated the hydraulic fluid passes through the non return valve against the force of the return spring and the piston rod advances When the 4 2 way valve is reset the outlet on the piston side is closed by the non return valve and the cylinder remains advanced The 3 2 way valve is now actuated the pilot piston is reversed and the outlet flow released the piston rod begins to retract During the return stroke the 3 2 way valve is brought tempor
181. ions as they appear on the screen If you are unsure how to answer or are unsure of a question simply click 14 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 2 Getting Started 2 3 The directory structure of FluidSIM is demonstrated in the following Supplied Files figure Re FluidSiM Seles teams D aq O bin O brmpi c E E ct O Digital O Shows 3 TRSO1 9 TRSO2 Cp TP511 9 Tr n O TReDZ C TR O1 O TR7OZ 9 dida C doc 3 mise gt pex G shw 9 snd sym C tmp In case you installed FluidSIM for several users you should not make any changes to the installation directory New files and changes of the existing circuits symbols and didactic material should be performed in the directory MyDocuments The directory ct contains the supplied circuits for FluidSIM This is also the default directory in which all new circuits diagrams are saved In its subdirectories the following circuit diagrams have been included digital Circuits including sample circuits regarding digital technology shows Circuits that can be opened as a bitmap via the menu see section 5 tp501 Circuits in the workbook Hydraulics Basic Level TP 501 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 15 2 Getting Started tp502 Circuits in the workbook Hydraulics Advanced Level TP 502 tp511 Circuits in the workbook Closed loop Hydraulics TP 511 tp601 Circuits in the wor
182. ition There are various versions of this mid position in the mid position in the example shown all ports are closed in the mid position see next illustration In the switching position shown there is flow from P to B and from A to T 4 3 way valve with closed mid position 2 The 4 3 way valve is in its mid position all ports apart from the leakage oil port are closed t n this mid position the pump is operating against the system pressure set on the pressure relief valve 306 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 118 4 3 way valve with closed mid position 3 The valve is in its left hand switching position there is flow from P to A and from B to T The circuit shows the 4 3 way valve in functional representation as a final control element of a double acting cylinder The valve is in its mid position the pump is operating against the system pressure set on the PRV t f with an operational installation it is desired to switch to pump recirculation this can be achieved by using an additional 2 2 way valve as a changeover valve see part circuit diagram in topic 94 The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the 4 3 way valve as a circuit symbol The illustration shows the left hand overlap position of a 4 3 way valve with positive overlap in the mid position closed mid position This overlap position is a mixtu
183. kbook Electrohydraulics Basic Level TP 601 tp602 Circuits in the workbook Electrohydraulics Advanced Level TP 602 tp701 Circuits in the workbook Proportional Hydraulics Basic Level TP 701 tp702 Circuits in the workbook Proportional Hydraulics Advanced Level TP 701 The directory ppx contains extended PowerPoint presentations 2 4 The following steps are necessary to de install FluidSIM from your De installation of a computer Single Position License Click on the program icon RemoveFluidSIM H in the Start Menu ProgramFiles FestoDidactic Ifthe program icon cannot be found start the program unwise exe in the bin subdirectory of the FluidSIM directory 16 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The following chapter is set up in the form of a tutorial to introduce the user to important FluidSIM functions At the end the user should be comfortable designing and simulating circuit diagrams Start FluidSIM via the Start Menu under ProgramFiles FestoDidactic After a few seconds the main window from FluidSIM should appear on your screen FluidSIM H File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options Window Deua s SOE Z SM ool oo SA QAQRAQQA Amr I e ws m ssf Hierarchical View Component Library E My Files Common Files Hydraulic Electrical controls Digital Technique EasyPort OPC DDE
184. ke in this flow direction the non return valve below the piston rod is opened thus by passing the flow control valve The piston rod retracts at maximum speed The illustration shows first the advance of the piston rod from a mid position to the forward end position with cushioning at the end of the advance movement The non return valve is open during the return stroke n addition the animation shows the opening of the pressure limiter after a certain pressure has been built up on the outlet side by the cushioning piston Actual photograph of a double acting cylinder Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 317 C Didactics Material Survey 159 Automatic bleed valve When the cylinder is retracted the piston of the bleed valve is closed It is lifted as the piston rod advances Air can then escape via the bleed hole until the hydraulic fluid reaches the piston and pushes it upwards In the forward end position the piston is pushed fully upwards by the hydraulic fluid and thus provides an external seal t Bleed valves should be fitted at the highest point in a piping system since this is where any trapped air will collect C 12 Gauges Pressure gauges operate on the principle that pressure acting on a given area will produce a given force In the case of piston pressure gauges the pressure acts on a piston against the force of a spring The pressure value is now shown on a Scale either
185. ked an additional text box displays It can be used for marking purposes This text box belongs to the row you have chosen and cannot be shifted into another row Representation Line color Defines the color of the diagram lines Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Draw diagram curve In this mode you can draw the diagram curves Nodes can only be inserted on the grid Every left mouse click creates a new node tt HA LAN 1 oh 2 3 he 4 K If you keep the left mouse button pressed nodes can be moved like in the edit mode Marked nodes are shown in gray color With the button a marked node is deleted Insert signal elements In this mode you can insert signal elements with a left click Aag If you keep the left mouse button pressed signal elements can be moved like in the edit mode Marked signal elements are shown in gray color With the marked signal element is deleted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 89 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits A double click on a signal element in the edit mode opens a correspond ing dialog box You can adjust the representation of the signal element with it Signal element Signal type g C cQ 0 6 294 C Gs Display Text e
186. l Line Being in Edit Mode double clicking on a fluidic line or selecting the line and choosing the menu entry Edit Properties brings up a dialog box in which you can set the line type A control line is shown dashed Note that aside from a different appearance changing line type has no impact respecting simulation Setting Blind Plugs Before starting a simulation FluidSIM checks for open connections and on request will fit a blind plug You can set or delete such blind plugs in the Edit Mode by double clicking on the desired hydraulic connection A dialog box appears in which you can either set or remove a blind plug for the selected connection Another way to go about changing blind plugs is to select the desired connection and then click under Edit Properties which will open the desired dialog box Hydraulic connections that are fitted with a blind plug are indicated clearly with a crossbar Zoom Features The content of windows can be enlarged by clicking on QJ or view or reduced by using QJ or View Zoom Out The short cut keys for this function are espectively If your mouse device is equipped with a mouse wheel you can roll the wheel while holding down key to zoom in and out respectively If you click on J or Zoom by Rubber Band and then draw a rectangle with the rubber band the selected area will be shown enlarged You can also switch between the current and previous view of a win
187. l Technique EasyPortiOPC DDE Miscellaneous 4rt Systems Software GmbH Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG Underneath the window for the media playback you will the find the control elements to start stop and wind the film A detailed description of the media playback is available under the standard Microsoft Win dows help Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 155 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics 5 6 Settings for Didactics 156 By clicking on Didactics Options a dialog box appears that contains the settings for didactics Options Didactics Animation Speed 7 l I Slow Fast Spool Presentation Manually Automatically after 1 Seconds Loop Description of the dialog box e Animation Speed This setting defines the speed at which the animations should run e Spool Presentation A presentation in FluidS IM can be set to automatically run For this the setting Automatically after Seconds must be activated The time span that can be entered defines how long FluidSIM waits before switching to the next topic of the presentation By clicking on bail the presentation will immediately change to the next topic in the presentation With the setting set to Manually no automatic switching will take place during the presentation e Loop Defines whether a running presentation is reset and started over
188. l it reaches its desired position and to make it stop most spontaneously To achieve this we can amplify the position signal of the displacement encoder and therefore accelerate the reversing of the control valve In doing so we make use of the fact that the PID controller limits the output voltage of the proportional valve magnet to 10 volts Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 135 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Please adjust the proportional coefficient of the PID controller to 10 and launch the simulation Designation Quantity value H It is clear that cylinder now travels at a constant speed over a long distance It will then be firmly slowed down and will quicklystop completely 136 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits If instead the cylinder had to actuate a load it would because of its inertia slightly pass the target and would need to travel back and forth a few times until it came to rest These vibrations around the desired position are typical for such a basic control In reality one would attempt by trimming the additional parameter of the PID controller or the status controller to cushion the vibrations At this point we wish to stay with the basics and would like to draw your attention to the advanced literature on proportional technology and control technology
189. l voltage must be in the range O V to 10 V The minimum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure through the spring force at 0 V The maximum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure at 10 V The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened main stage leading edge Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 239 B The Component Library Proportional pressure relief valve piloted The pilot operated pressure relief valve consists of a pilot stage with poppet valve and a main stage with control slide valve The pressure at connection P acts upon the pilot poppet via a drilling in the control slide valve If the force of the proportional magnet is greater than the pressure exercised at connection P then the pilot stage remains closed A spring keeps the main stage poppet valve closed and the flow rate is null If the force that the pressure exercises exceeds the closing force of the pilot poppet then this opens A lower flow rate develops from connection P to connection Y The flow of fluid causes a pressure loss at the throttle valve inside the control slide valve Thus the pressure at the spring side is lower than the pressure at connection P Due to the pressure difference the control slide valve opens so far until the spring force re establishes an equilibrium of forces and the valve is perfused from P to
190. lank symbol from the list Moreover for each side of the valve the attributes Spring returned and Piloted can be set Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 35 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 36 Description Enter here a name for the valve This name is used in the state diagram and in the parts list Valve Body A configurable valve has at most four positions For each of the positions a valve body element can be chosen individually Such an element is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a symbol If for a position no element is desired simply choose the blank symbol from the list The valve may be marked Reversible to indicate that there is no particular direction of flow Initial Position This button defines the valve s initial position Sometimes also called normal position or neutral position which is the position without having any operation applied to the valve Note that this setting is only exploited if it physically does not contradict a spring returned setting possibly defined above Dominant Signal A Dominant signal on the left or right hand side defines the overriding signal in case the valve is addressed from both sides simultaneously Hydraulic Resistance This is where you define the hydraulic resistance of the valve Choose from the left hand side in the topmo
191. lar form of interconnection is presented by the connection of a cylinder with a displacement encoder This is how e g in combination with proportional valves you may create controlled systems You will find further advice on proportional technology in section 4 18 Double click a cylinder 104 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits A dialog box opens where you may define the cylinder properties Please make sure to have the register Configuration in the foreground if applicable Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters External load Force profile Actuating Labels Description Double acting cylinder Piston rod type One piston rod C Through O Two piston rods Through 9 No piston rod with magnetic clutch with slide Mirror C Horizontal C vertical Cylinder type Single acting Extension Spring retum F 2 Single acting Retraction Spring retum 0 Double acting Properties C Cushioning adjustable Sensing E Activate the box Sensing and add a label Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 105 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Insert the displacement encoder from the component library in the circuit and double click to open the properties dialog Please enter the same label here as for the cylinder At
192. lay relay the break switch changes to a switch off delay break switch in the circuit diagram Make switch ladder General make switch that is tailored according to the component that actuates it For example if the make switch is linked via a label to a switch on delayed relay the make switch changes to a switch on delayed make switch in the circuit diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 261 B The Component Library Delay Switches Break switch switch on delayed ladder Switch with delayed opening after pickup Switch on delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch on delayed ladder Switch with delayed closing after pickup Switch on delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Break switch switch off delayed ladder Switch with delayed closing after dropout Switch off delayed break switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Make switch switch off delayed ladder Switch with delayed opening after dropout Switch off delayed make switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label 262 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Limit Switches Limit switch break ladder Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when
193. lay uppercase and lowercase Digital Hi as kes Distinguish between uppercase and lowercase Digital Technique Compatibility with Siemens LOGO Soft Set open digital inputs of AND WAND and NOT to Hi automatically Show warning on open digital inputs Description of the dialog box e Line Colors During simulation the electrical the hydraulic and the digital lines get colored depending on their state The mapping from a state to a color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color 114 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Maintain Real Time Using the option Maintain Real Time will attempt the cylinder movement to move as fast as in reality Please note that real time movement requires a computer with sufficient computing power e Maximum Speed The option maximum speed utilizes the entire computing power The aim is to run the simulation as fast as possible The actual acceleration of the simulation depends on the performance of the computer If your computer does not at least achieve real time the simulation cannot be accelerated to any higher speed e Slow motion Factor The slow motion factor controls whether the simulation should go more slowly then it would in reality With a slow motion factor of 1 1 the simulation should proceed in real time
194. leted This concept allows the text components to be anchored in the background They are out of the way and cannot interfere with changes or manipulations made to the circuit diagram while in the Edit Mode Drag the text component from the component library to the drawing area Make sure that Protect Text Components is switched off 162 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Double click on the text component or click under Edit Properties to open the dialog box for entering new text Alignment Left Center Right Description of the dialog box e Text In this field the text to be displayed is entered A new line is entered by holding down the Ctrl key while hitting the Return e Alignment Activates horizontal text alignment e Font By clicking on Font a Microsoft Windows common dialog box opens which allows you to set the font attributes for the given text e Frame Text Draws a border around the text Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 163 6 Special Functions 6 4 Embedding Pictures 164 e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the text component The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the text component may not be visible or may not be selectabl
195. levant symbol is automatically depicted The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Area 0 100 qcm 6qcm Nominal pressure 0 1 MPa 0 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 001 MPa min2 12 234 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Pressure Switches Closing cartridge valve The 2 2 way cartridge valve is a 2 2 way valve It is fitted with two working ports and the two switch positions closed and open Whether or not the cartridge valve is open or closed depends on the effective areas A and X the adjacent pressures pA and pX as well as the spring force A X is valid IfpAx A gt pX x X F then the valve closes otherwise it is open The valve therefore operates purely pressure dependent and can with the appro priate control assume directional flow and pressure functions The spring force is specified by means of the nominal pressure This is the minimum pressure with pressureless connections at B and X necessary at connection A to open the valve The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Area 0 100qcm 6qcm Nominal pressure 0 1 MPa 0 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 001 MPa min2 12 Analog pressure sensor The pressure switch takes the pressure and actuates the associated electrical pressure s
196. lide distance beneficial static and dynamic characteristics are achieved that are manifested ina minimal hysteresis less than 0 2 and a response time of less than 12 ms ata signal change of 0 100 Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 14 MPa min2 I2 Internal leakage 0 100 l min MPa 0 0026 l min MPa 4 3 way proportional valve By use of a twin channel proportional amplifier the proportional valve transforms an analog electrical input signal into corresponding opening cross sections at the outputs The setpoint signal must be within the range 10 V to 10 V At O V the hydraulic mid position is adopted and the valve stops the flow in relation to the null overlap The cross section area of the flow opening widens by increasing slide distance How far the area and with it the flow at the valve changes depends on the shape and form of the control notches A triangular shaped notch results in a progressive flow behavior a rectangular shaped notch in a linear flow behavior The hydraulic resistance relates to a completely opened leading edge and the internal leakage relates to one leading edge as appropriate The overlap of the leading edges can be specified relative to the maximal slide distance Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 32 MPa min2 12 Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa 0 01 min MPa 238 Festo Didactic G
197. litude close the dialog and launch the simulation again Now the voltage will alternate between 4 and 4 volt This will still cause the valve to swing symmetrically but it will show less deflection around the mid position Please open the properties of the function generator again and define 2 for the y offset 128 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The function generator now supplies a voltage between 2 and 6 volts causing the valve to deflect more to the left hand side than to the right hand side Please open the properties of the function generator and define Constant for a type of signal The slider of the function generator for Frequency and Amplitude provide no function for the type of signal Constant Therefore we may model a manually adjustable potentiometer Please launch the simulation and click by a single click on the function generator A window will open showing the slider of the function generator Gradually change the y offset and observe how the valve moves subject to the controller setting Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 129 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 18 2 Closed loop Control 130 Now a simple position control is to be put into practice Please change the circuit according to
198. lve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with shutoff position i In normal position all connections are closed When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with shutoff position ii In normal position all connections are closed When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 227 B The Component Library 4 3 way solenoid valve with floating position i In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library F
199. mbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Proportional throttle valve In order to alter the flow rate through the valve the cross section of the throttle valve is electrically manipulated with the assistance of a proportional amplifier The control voltage must be between 0 V and 10 V The deflection of the slide is proportional to the applied voltage At 0 V the valve is completely closed in relation to the null overlap The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve The overlap of the leading edges can be specified relative to the maximal slide distance Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Internal leakage 0 1001 min MPa Ol min MPa Proportional pressure relief valve The proportional pressure relief valve with the assistance of a proportional amplifier is a continuous electrically adjustable pressure relief valve The control piston has two adjacent areas exposed to pressure The first area is exposed to the pressure at connection P the other to connection T If the magnet is not supplied with electricity then the piston is fully retracted and the complete passage from connection P to connection T is free The proportional magnet creates a force proportional to its magnetic current which moves the control piston according to the balance of the adjacent forces magnetic force spring force and pressures The contro
200. memory exceeded__ 283386 350 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index out of _ 28337 Memory bits digital 65 menu context sensitive __ 8D messages 332 miscellaneous 73 model formulation __ DG motor AYO mouse click double 22 65 67 76 101 102 108 110 111 113 163 double with 66 left NC right 19 65 with 62 with 69 NAND digital S267 NAND With Edge Evaluation digital FS 67 network default directory ___ESSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS 12972 installation 202 Option 192 202 digital G7 digital FS 268 nozzle__ 8G numbering current path 7D objects alignment_____ 6B Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 351 Index 352 group ungroup Off delay digital On delay digital On Off delay digital one way flow control valve online help OPC communication in options out open loop control options OR digital orifice adjustable Output digital paper size parameter cylinder parts list export picture picture file PID controller potentiometer power supply 120 167 168 69 69 269 269 269 236 217 123 260 123 260 215 267 236 236 265 61 52 275 169 164 164 259 129 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index connection OV 247 261 connection 24V S 247 261 presentation creations 147
201. mine the friction of the moving load on a surface The internal friction inside the cylinder will be automatically and appropriately calculated by FluidSIM from the entered cylinder dimensions Please enter 0 for both values if the load is lifted or pulled without touching a surface In reality it is very difficult to achieve reliable values for friction Therefore FluidSIM offers set friction coefficients for some combinations of material providing a roundabout orientation When comparing other tables of friction values you will notice that the often experimentally measured specifications differ in major ways Please interpret these carefully and concurrently take into account the results of simulations generated by friction Nevertheless the variation of the friction values allows you to distinctly notice the physical influence of static and sliding friction Please note also that the mounting angle influences the friction force through the moved load You may define the mounting angle in the register parameter Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 55 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Register Force Profile Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters Externalload Force profile Actuating Labels Constant force M 10000 1 0000 Variable force ui 5 m 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Lt Piston position mm Force 195 45 Descrip
202. n valve is used to protect the pump This prevents a load pressure from driving the pump in reverse when the electric motor is switched off Pressure peaks do not affect the pump but are discharged via the pressure relief valve In the Graetz rectifier circuit Graetz block four non return valves are combined to form a function unit The circuit diagram shows how this operates in conjunction with a flow control valve flow passes through this valve from left to right during both the advance and return strokes of the cylinder The situation during the advance stroke is shown t During the advance stroke shown here flow control is carried out on the inlet side Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 309 C Didactics Material Survey 129 Graetz block 2 The cylinder is on its return stroke The rectifier circuit means that flow once again passes through the flow control valve from left to right t During the return stroke shown here flow control is carried out on the outlet side The animation shows the actuation and spring return of a 4 2 way valve the flow through the Graetz block during the advance and return strokes tS Similar rectifier circuits are also used in conjunction with line filters or brake valves In the cases of delockable non return valves flow in the closed direction can be released by means of an additional pilot port X The illustration shows the valve in its normal posit
203. nal diagram u ga 3i Draw Draw signal lines and insert signal connections lines and insert signal connections This mode is used to adjust the objects in the functional diagram You can move elements in the diagram The size of text boxes can be changed in this mode only Esc Move and resize operations can be aborted with the If you move the mouse pointer out of the window area by keeping the left mouse button pressed the view is scrolled automatically A double click on a diagram element diagram row text signal element etc opens a dialog box where the requested adjustments can be made Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Set up diagram properties A click on the button opens a dialog box in which you can set up the diagram properties Functional diagram Properties Text columns Diagram columns Number Number width mm width mm Row height mm Colar e Text columns Number If the number of the text columns is changed all table s text boxes are distributed equally in a horizontal direction e Text columns Width If the width of the text columns is changed all table text boxes are distributed equally in a horizontal direction e Diagram columns Number The diagram columns are located on the right side of the functional diagram In this area the diagram curves can be drawn The
204. nce stroke 6 bar hysteresis for the PRV see exercise 164 must be added to the calculated 42 5 bar in order to ensure that the opening pressure is higher than the required operating pressure The value finally chosen is 50 bar in order to make allowance for unknown variables such as pipe elbows and the static friction in the cylinder t In order to keep pressure losses in large installations to a minimum it is advisable to select valves on the basis of their flow characteristics It is better to select a valve which is one size too large than to accept large pressure losses This furthermore reduces wear resulting from cavitation in the valves Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 321 C Didactics Material Survey 166 Exercise Embossing press activation of a single acting cylinder 322 Problem Additional hydraulic components are to be added to an embossing press to eject the finished workpieces A single acting cylinder 1A is to be fitted for this purpose A proposed solution in the form of a circuit diagram with a 2 2 way valve is to be examined to see if it is suitable for this control problem Following this a circuit diagram with a 3 2 way valve as final control element is to be developed and a parts list prepared A comparison is to be made of the behavior of these two circuits during the advance and return strokes Solution When a 2 2 way valve is used to activate a single acting cylinder
205. nd Visualizing Hydraulics Information about Single Components Selecting Didactics Material from a List Presentations Combining Instructional Material 127 130 138 139 143 146 Extended Presentations in the Microsoft PowerPoint Format 150 Playback of Educational Films Settings for Didactics Special Functions Drawing Layers Graphic Primitives Text Components and Identifications Embedding Pictures Parts Lists Printing a Window s Contents TIFF Export DXF Export DXF Import Using and Organizing Component Libraries Managing Projects Saving Settings Help and Advanced Tips The Most Frequently Occurring Problems Tips for the Advanced User FluidSIM Menus File Edit Execute Library Insert Didactics Project View Options 153 156 157 157 158 162 164 167 170 173 174 175 178 190 192 195 195 199 204 204 206 208 209 210 210 211 212 215 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Contents A 10 A 11 B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 Cl ae C3 C 4 C5 C 6 C7 C 8 C9 C 10 C 11 C12 C5 C 14 C 15 D 1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 Window The Component Library Hydraulic Components Electrical Components Electrical Components American Standard Digital Components Miscellaneous Didactics Material Survey Applications Components of a Hydraulic Plant Symbols Some Physical Fundamentals Components of a Power Unit Fundamentals of Valves Pressure Valves Way
206. nd simulate electro hydraulic circuit diagrams Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 1 Welcome 1 2 The Handbook from FluidSIM has been divided into two parts The Layout of the Handbook first part serves as a user s guide and the second part functions as a reference book The user s guide contains chapters that introduce the user to FluidSIM By following the chapters in order the user will understand how to operate FluidSIM The reference part contains a complete listing of the FluidSIM functions the component library the didactics material and the FluidSIM messages User s Guide Chapter 2 describes the computer requirements for FluidSIM the installation process and the meaning of the supplied files Chapter 3 contains small examples of circuit diagrams showing how they can be simulated and how new circuit diagrams can be created Chapter 4 introduces advanced concepts of FluidSIM Examples include the linking of hydraulic and electric components the possible settings for simulation and the testing of a circuit diagram Chapter 5 shows additional educational concepts In particular FluidSIM enables a user to pop up a component s technical description to start animations or to play a film with related information Chapter 6 describes special functions of FluidSIM including how to print and export circuit diagrams along with the rearrangement of the component library Chapter 7 deals
207. ned in part of a presentation 2 FluidSIM is not behaving as expected and you have already exited Microsoft Windows and started FluidSIM new again many times Please uninstall FluidSIM and run a new installation 7 is not available from the menu although a operation has already taken place Only selected objects can be copied to the clipboard If no objects are selected only the picture will be copied to the clipboard 2 No educational film will start playing Video playback requires appropriate hardware and software Further more FluidSIM needs to access the movie files To ensure this the Fluid SIM CD ROM needs to be present in the drive or the video files need to have been copied to the hard disk during the installation 2 The student version of FluidSIM is being loaded each time you start although you have purchased the full version The FluidSIM CD contains both the student version and the full version of FluidSIM During the installation procedure you are asked whether the full version or the student version shall be installed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips 7 2 Tips for the Advanced User Data Formats of the Clipboard Media Playback The mouse cursor is not switching as described especially on top of connections Make sure that the option has not been activated The large mouse cursor is designed to be used with a projector here the s
208. nnections that do not go together open hydraulic connections components that have the same identification assigned mismatched labels see section 4 11 lines that cross through connections to which they are not connected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 97 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The following circuit diagram contains mistakes of type 2 3 4 and 6 a aa E Programme Didactic fl_sim_h4 de Ct tp50 Message boxes should now appear which inform the user of the graphic mistakes 98 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits After the instructions you may decide if the circuit should be simulated anyway FluidSiM Y C MfLsim_h4Ctydemo_O1 ck There have been warnings Start simulation anyway In the case that you start a circuit with open hydraulic connections Fluid SIM automatically closes these connection with blind plugs 4 11 In the same way FluidSIM allows you to create hydraulic circuit Coupling Hydraulics diagrams the software also allows you to design electrical circuits The Electrics and Mechanics components for the electrical circuits can be found in the component library and dragged from there to be inserted on the drawing area Electrical components are connected in the same way that fluidic components are Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art
209. no Stein Mechanical Engineering contributions by Dr Ralf Lemmen Order No 698530 Description HANDBUCH Designation D FLS H4 EN Edition 6 2006 Author Art Systems Layout Art Systems Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG D 73770 Denkendorf 1996 2006 Internet www festo didactic com e mail did de festo com Art Systems Software GmbH D 33102 Paderborn 1995 2006 Internet www art systems com www fluidsim com e mail info art systems com Eaton Corporation USA Eden Prairie MN 2001 Internet www eatonhydraulics com e mail HydraulicsTraining eaton com The copying distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of its contents to others without expressed authorization is prohibited Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages All rights reserved in particular the right to carry out patent utility model or ornamental design registration Contents 1 Welcome 7 1 1 About FluidSIM 8 1 2 Layout of the Handbook 9 1 3 Conventions 10 2 Getting Started 11 2A Technical Requirements 11 2 2 Installation 11 2 2 1 Installation and Online Activation 12 2 2 2 Installation with license connector 13 2 3 Supplied Files 15 2 4 De installation of a Single Position License 16 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 17 3 1 Simulating Existing Circuit Diagrams 20 3 2 The Different Simulation Modes ___ 27 3 3 Cr
210. nominal pressure setting of the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Closing pressure compensator adjustable The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent hydraulic resistance The pressure compensator closes when the pressure difference X Y exceeds the nominal pressure A pressure regulating valve is implemented by the combination of the connections A and X The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Opening pressure compensator The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent hydraulic resistance The pressure compensator opens when the pressure difference X Y exceeds the nominal pressure A pressure relief valve is implemented by the combination of connections P and X The pressure balance is also a component of 3 way flow control valves The nominal pressure setting of the real components is component dependent and cannot be changed The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12
211. nsufficient disk space or a write protected disk N Unknown file format The file cannot be opened since its format is not supported by FluidSIM N Cannot open file abc FluidSIM cannot open the file because Microsoft Windows refuses access to the file Either the file does not exist or is locked by another application YD gt abc does not exist Create You have tried to open a file that does not exist However the file can be opened as a new file A The file abc can not be deleted You have tried to delete a file that does not exist or is write protected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 335 D Messages YD Circuit abc is already opened Close this window before You want to save a circuit diagram under another name There is however already another open window with this name If you close this window the file will be replaced D 5 d Simulation aborted The circuit is too large Error ata System Errors The size of circuit diagrams that can be simulated is bound You must reduce the number of components A Internal capacity of FluidSIM exceeded The previous action exceeded the capacity of the internal memory The action cannot be completed N No more windows available Microsoft Windows cannot provide any more windows most likely because the system resources have been exhausted N Memory capacity exceeded Quit other running applications
212. number of diagram columns can also be changed by moving the mouse on the right margin of the diagram e Diagram columns Width e Color Color used for drawing the grid lines in the diagram area e Row height Determines the height of all rows Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 83 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Table text boxes On the left side of the functional diagram the table s text boxes are i located A double click on a table text box opens the corresponding dialog box forwards Font size 10 backwards Color Frame _ Width mm Horizontal adjustment Left Height mm Vertical adjustment Centered e Font size Font size of the text to be represented e Color Choice between sixteen standard colors for the text to be represented e Width The width of the table column you have chosen can also be changed by moving the mouse 84 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Height The height of the table column you have chosen can also be changed by moving the mouse e Horizontal adjustment Following adjustments are available Left Centered and Right e Vertical adjustment Following adjustments are available Top Centered and Bottom Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co
213. o an RPM gauge Adjustable parameters Displacement 0 001 5 Liter 0 0082 Liter Friction 0 01 100 N m s rad 0 1 N m s rad Moment of inertia 0 0001 1kg m2 0 0001 kg m2 External torque 1000 1000 Nm ONm Flow meter analog This symbol represents the hydraulic part of the analog flow meter The analog flow meter measures the volumetric flow and transforms it into a proportional electrical voltage signal In the process only flow rates in the specified pressure ranges are considered Within this range the flow rate in the voltage range from 0 V to 10 V is represented i e the minimum volumetric flow delivers 0 V and the maximum volumetric flow 10 V Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 0001 MPa min2 12 246 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library B 2 Electrical Components Power Supply Electrical connection OV OV connection of the power supply Electrical connection 24V 24V connection of the power supply Function generator The function generator is a voltage source that can create constant rectangle sine and triangle signals The voltage range is restricted to 10 V to 10 V The frequency the amplitude and the Y offset of the signal can be set within this range A voltage profile can be additionally specified Data points can be set interactively with a mouse click in the relevant graphic field These can th
214. odes onwards Click with the left mouse button on a node and keep the mouse button pressed Move the mouse on a Second node After having released the mouse button on top of the second node the signal line is being drawn In the mode insert additional nodes into signal lines free additional nodes can be inserted into existing signal lines f l a new diagram row is inserted on top of the current selection If there is no selection on a cell a new line is added to the end of the diagram By clicking on the button Delete row gt a selected diagram row is deleted If nothing is selected the button is disabled Zoom With the button 1 1 view the view is reset to the standard zoom level Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits With the button the view is enlarged in size With the button the view is reduced in size Undo actions With the button undo el you can undo the last 50 actions With the button redo el the actions you have undone before can be redone 4 10 Before a simulation is started the circuit diagram can be checked to see Superficial Circuit if there are any graphic drawing mistakes present The mistakes that Checking lead to errors include the following 1 objects outside of the drawing area D eS a A a a O lines that cross through components superimposed lines superimposed components superimposed connections or co
215. oint the next setpoint is started without delay In operating mode External control the selection of the active setpoint is effected by gating the inputs 11 12 and I3 with at least 15 V The corresponding setpoint is selected by means of the specified bit table During the process the internal switching time is inactive 11 0 12 0 13 0 11 1 12 0 13 0 11 0 12 1 13 0 11 1 12 1 13 0 11 0 12 0 13 1 11 1 12 0 13 1 11 0 12 1 3 1 11 1 12 1 3 1 Connection electrical An electric connection is a place where an electric line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Note that at each electric connection values for the voltage and current can be displayed 248 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Line electrical A electrical line links two electrical connections Note that a electrical connection may be a simple electrical connection or a T junction A electrical line causes no voltage drop i e it has no electrical resistance T junction electrical A T junction joins up to four electrical lines thus having a single voltage potential Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode DC motor The DC motor transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy DC motors produce t
216. oject open or activate the appropriate window then click in the menu Depending on whether the window is a circuit file or a preview window it is automatically added to Files Overviews and respectively To remove a symbol a library or a circuit file from a project open or activate the appropriate window Then click Delete Current Window in the menu To open the files and previews overviews of a project go to the menu and click Files Overviews or Presentations whatever is appropriate Alternatively you may open the files by selecting Open from the file menu or by selecting them from the list of files that were last opened by selecting them from preview windows or by using Drag and Drop in the Windows Explorer Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 191 6 Special Functions 6 12 FluidSIM distinguishes between three types of settings global settings Saving Settings circuit diagram specific settings and window specific settings Although most of these settings have already been in discussed in preceding sections this section comprises the possible settings from FluidSIM and their relationship to one another Global Settings The global settings are found under the and the menu and belong to the following groups Global settings for various display features 1 Large Mouse Cursor Activates or deactivates the large mouse cursor 2 Displays or hides the tool
217. omponent Description Cylinder type Single acting Extension Spring retum Single acting Retraction Spring retum Double acting Properties C Cushioning adjustable Sensing You may enter a description for the cylinder into the text field it will show in the state diagram and in the parts list e Cylinder Type cylinder type single acting double acting spring return e Piston Rod Type piston rod type quantity part design magnet coupling slide unit Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Properties More properties of the cylinder end position cushioning sensing The label you may define at sensing serves as an interconnection with the displacement encoder This is how e g in combination with proportional valves controlled systems can be constructed Please find more reference to proportional technology in section 4 18 e Mirror This is where you may define whether the cylinder will be mirrored horizontally or vertically The effect will be the same as when mirrored as in Edit Mirror Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 51 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 52 Register Parameter Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters External load Force profile Actuating Labels mas Stroke mm 1 5000
218. omponents Electrical Components American Standard Digital Components Miscellaneous Didactics Material FluidSIM alongside the tutorial and the component reference contains further didactics material particularly useful for group work Moreover here you will find educational films provided you have copied them onto the hard disk during the installation If you haven t installed the film files you may choose a chapter via the menu option to view the applicable film from the included video CD Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 145 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Click the menu option to open the overview of the didactics material lt C fl_sim_h4 dida p3 ct Didactics Material Didactics Material Tutorial Component Library Didactics Material Basics and working principles a E Applications E Components of a Hydraul H H 7 Symbols Didactics Material 7 Some Physical Fundament 7 Components of a Power L 7 Fundamentals of Valves 7 Pressure Valves 7 Way Valves B Educational films E Shutoff Valves 7 Flow Valves 7 Hydraulic Cylinders and M E Gauges _ Exercises Educational Films Introduction LI Fundamentals Pressure f Fundamentals Pressure Fundamentals Transmiss Fundamentals Pressure Fundamentals Types of F Basic Design of Hydraulic The Hvdranilic Power init B Basics and working principles
219. on J m there exist also the following additional functions W reset and restart of the simulation i simulation in single step mode W simulation to a certain point where a state change happens By clicking on W or under Execute Reset an already running simulation or paused simulation can be reset Immediately following this the simulation will be restarted During single step mode the simulation will stop after a small step More exactly by clicking on i or Execute Single Step the simulation will begin for just a short time period approximately 0 01 0 1 seconds in the real system the system then pauses iJ A running simulation can at any time be set into single step mode It is then possible to focus on key moments during the simulation By clicking on W or under Simulate until State Change the simulation begins and runs up until a certain point where a state change happens the simulation then pauses M The following situations describe the point at which the simulation pauses 1 acylinder s piston moves at a stop 2 avalve switches or is operated Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 27 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 arelay switches 4 aswitch is operated It is possible to switch from a running simulation into this state change mode 3 3 This section contains an introduction to creating and simulating circuit Creating new
220. on The input fields define which of the quantities are to be displayed and in the case of a hydraulic connection if the connection is fitted with a blind plug or a muffler Check Superficiall F6 Mil Checks the current circuit diagram for mistakes in drawing Stop S Switches the current circuit diagram in the Edit Mode Start Starts the simulation or as the case may be animation in the current circuit diagram Pause i Pauses the current circuit diagram during simulation without leaving the Simulation Mode The simulation can then be re animated from this point and continue as if it had not been halted If Pause is clicked while being in the Edit Mode the circuit diagram switches to the Simulation Mode without starting the simulation In this manner the components states can be set before the simulation is started Reset O Sets an already running or paused simulation back to the initial state The simulation is immediately restarted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 4 Library SingleStep Cd Stops the simulation after it has run only a little bit The simulation will run for a short time period and is then paused M The single step mode can be applied at any time to an already running simulation Simulate until State Change Starts the simulation until a state change happens the simulation is then paused A state change occurs when a c
221. on changeover Switch that changes over when actuated and changes back immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Detent switch break Switch that opens and locks when actuated Detent switch make Switch that closes and locks when actuated Detent switch changeover Switch that changes over and locks when actuated Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 255 B The Component Library Pressure Switches Pressure switch break Switch that opens when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Pressure switch make The switch closes when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Pressure switch changeover The switch changes over when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general changeover switch and setting a label Pressure switch The switch relays an electrical signal when the preset switching pressure at the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded 256 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co
222. ood example of cases in which it is essential to make allowance for expansion of the material of power components due to the passage through these of heated oil Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 325 C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Hydraulic crane speed reduction Problem Press tools of varying weights are inserted into a press by means of a hydraulic crane A double acting cylinder raises and lowers the load During the commissioning of the hydraulic crane it has become apparent that the advance speed of the piston rod is too high The solutions have been proposed to reduce this speed a circuit with exhaust flow control anda circuit with a back pressure valve A suitable solution must be selected and reasons Stated for this choice Since the second solution is not capable of operating in this form this must be rectified by correcting the circuit diagram Solution If the solution with exhaust flow control is selected it must be borne in mind that the cylinder flow control valve and connectors must be suitable for this intensified pressure The solution chosen is the circuit with the back pressure valve in this case the load is clamped hydraulically and a pressure intensification effect does not occur since the pressure can be adjustable by means of the pressure relief valve as appropriate to the load A non return valve must be installed to provide a by pass on the return stroke t Inlet
223. or de selected if already selected In this sense the component s state of selection is reversed Another efficient concept for selecting multiple components is by using the rubber band The rubber band is opened by pressing and holding down the left mouse button and then moving the mouse cursor The mouse cursor cannot be located directly over a component if the rubber band shall be opened Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 63 64 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits All components enclosed either partially or fully by the rubber band are selected f E ProgrammeWidactic fl_sim_h4 de Ct tp502 1P502_10 ct O BK All components and lines of the current circuit diagram can be selected by clicking under Select All or typing Ctrl Editing functions such as dragging or moving copying and deleting apply to all selected components Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Right Mouse Button Double Clicking with the Mouse Copying Copying between Windows When you click the mouse button on the right in a FluidSIM window the appropriate context menu is opened If the mouse cursor is located above a component or component connection the item will become selected If this component was not yet selected then a possibly existing selection of other components will be de selected
224. ou will add the component to the status diagram A selection dialog will appear where you may choose the applicable status variables and different colors A repeated drag onto the diagram will open the dialog again so you may change your choice In case no status variable of a component is selected the component will be removed from the diagram The following components and the applicable status variables may be displayed in the status variable diagram Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 47 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Component State cylinder position velocity acceleration force way valve position pressure meter accumulator pressure shutoff valve and throttle valve opening level pump motor rpm semi rotary actuator position pressure valve and switching valves state pressure flow control valves flow flow meter flow volume pressure or switching valve state switch state relay valve solenoid state indicator light buzzer pressure indicator state counter state counter value function generator voltmeter voltage status controller PID controller voltage The example is now finished Further editing and simulation concepts are described in the next chapter 48 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits This chapter contains advanced concepts and functions which can be used wh
225. oved to the left so that they align with the left most object Note that hydraulic and electrical components obey the constraint that their connections must lie on the grid As a consequence an alignment may not always coincide with the symbol bounding Selected components may be rotated by 90 180 or 270 by using Edit Rotate If you wish only one component to be rotated you may alternatively perform a double click on the component while holding the _Ctrl_ key the component will then be rotated counterclockwise in 90 steps If you also hold the be rotated clockwise key in doing so the component will In order to mirror marked objects please select Edit Mirror The applicable objects will be mirrored at its own axis provided they are not part of a group Grouped objects will be mirrored at the central shaft of the applicable group Instead of using the menu entries you may also rotate or mirror through the applicable symbols sia If only one component connection is selected its connected but de selected lines can be deleted using Edit Delete or by pressing the key This concept provides an alternative way to delete lines Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Setting Line Type The type of each fluidic line can be changed from the standard line type Main Line to the special line type Contro
226. ow Q at the PRV in turn means a constant volumetric flow to the load device and thus constant feed speed Regarding the last question No matter whether operation is with or without a load the pressure drop Apz at the adjustable throttle remains constant A constant pressure drop means a constant volumetric flow tS Regarding the necessity for the non return valve in the by pass When flow passes through 2 way flow control valves in the reverse direction they act either as flow control valves if the regulating restrictor is fully open or non return valves if the regulating restrictor is closed Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 327 C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Planing machine by pass circuit Problem The sliding bed of a parallel planing machine is actuated with the aid of a hydraulic control system The power section of this hydraulic control system consists of a double acting differential cylinder The area ratio of the full piston surface of this cylinder to the annular piston surface is 2 1 Since the piston rod chamber is only half the volume of the piston chamber the return stroke is twice as fast as the advance stroke Machining has previously been carried out only during the advance stroke In future working movements are to be carried out in both directions To make this possible the hydraulic control system must be modified so that forward and return strokes are at the same speed The
227. pecific settings Defines the circuit diagram specific settings of the current circuit diagram as the default settings Global settings pertain to the toolbar and the status bar to the simulation sound didactic and grid options to the creation of backup files as well as quitting FluidSIM Window specific settings pertain to zoom levels window size and window position The quantity display as well as the flow direction indicator and the background grid are considered circuit diagram specific Save Settings on Exit Defines as to whether or not the current global and window specific settings should be saved upon quitting FluidSIM Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 10 Window A 11 Cascade Shift F5 Arranges the circuit diagram windows in an overlapping format Tile Horizontally Arranges the circuit diagram windows next to each other Tile Verticall Shift F4 Arranges the circuit diagram windows below to each other Arrange Icons Arranges the iconified windows on the desktop Window list Opens a dialog box with all currently opened windows The windows can be activated minimized or closed by clicking the appropriate buttons Contents F1 Opens a help window pertaining to a list of contents from the FluidSIM online help How to Use Help Describes how help can be used Addendum to the User Manual Opens a help window pertaining to the additions to the hand
228. perficial errors detected The circuit diagram does not contain any of the above described drawing errors i No objects found You tried to check a circuit diagram for drawing errors or to start the simulation but there are no components located in the current window N Objects cannot be deleted from the FluidSIM standard libraries Create a new library if you want to set up a custom library Objects can neither be added nor deleted from the FluidSIM standard libraries However new custom libraries can be created instead which contain merely your preferred selection of components see Section 6 10 A The value range of abc is x x The value range for the field has been exceeded Make sure to observe the indicated limits Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM D Messages D 4 Opening and Saving Files YD The circuit diagram has been changed Save current changes You want to close a circuit diagram window or quit FluidSIM Since the last save changes have been made to the current circuit diagram 2 The file abc already exists Replace A circuit diagram with the name name ct already exists on the hard disk To save the current circuit diagram you must either change the file name or the already existing file will be replaced with the new circuit diagram A Cannot save DXF file The file either the current circuit diagram or the component library cannot be saved due to i
229. plied only to the piston side With these cylinders the return stroke is produced either by external force shown in the symbol by an opening bearing cap or bya spring is shown within the symbol in this latter case Bucsstclung durch avers arah Petericksichuirg Taerkooedirder Double acting cylinders have two ports to allow pressure fluid to be applied to both cylinder chambers The symbol for a differential cylinder is distinguished from the symbol for a double acting cylinder by the two lines Emiraat r added to the end of the piston rod The area ratio is generally 2 1 In the ahaha case of cylinders with double ended piston rods the symbol shows that the piston areas are of equal size synchronous cylinders A ambada Fa berdin AD HA herk Beate lst Ab ce deshe cinch Tad seer aL pana Designations for directional control valves always give firstly the number of ports and then the number of switching positions Directional control valves always have at least two ports and at least two switching positions The number of squares shows the number of possible switching positions of a valve Arrows within the squares show the direction of flow Lines shown how the ports are interconnected in the various switching positions of the valve The designations always relate to the normal position of the valve This illustration shows the circuit symbols for 4 2 and 5 2 way valves There are two general methods for the des
230. position shown P is closed and flow released from A to T See also topic 101 slide principle The 3 2 way valve is actuated flow is released from P to A the outlet T is closed ES 3 2 way valves which are normally open from P to A and T closed are also available Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 301 C Didactics Material Survey 98 3 2 way valve as final control element The circuit shows the 3 2 way valve in a functional representation as a final control element of a single acting cylinder t The non return valve protects the pump in cases where the 3 2 way valve is actuated and the piston rod is subject to an external load The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the circuit symbol for the 3 2 way valve The animations show the actuation and release of the manual pushbutton for H l a 3 2 way valve which causes the piston rod of the cylinder to advance and retract The 3 2 way valve has a working port A a supply port P and a tank port T The volumetric flow can be routed from the supply port to the working port or from the working port to the tank port The third port in each case is closed In the normal position shown P is closed and flow is released from A to T See also the 3 2 way valve designed on the poppet principle Topic 96 302 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Surv
231. preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Pressure switch make ladder The switch closes when the preset switching pressure of the hydraulic pressure switch is exceeded Pressure switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Relay ladder The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Relay with switch on delay ladder The relay picks up after a preset time when current is supplied and drops out immediately when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s5 5s Relay with switch off delay ladder The relay picks up immediately when current is supplied and drops out after a preset time when current is removed Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s 5s 264 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library B 4 Digital Components Constants and Connectors Digital input Digital inputs are designated with an I In FluidSIM digital components can be used inside and outside a digital module If a digital input is used inside a digital module you can determine the input connector of the digital module in question with which the digital input shall be linked by allocating a number 11 to 116 If there is an analog signal of more than 10V at
232. pressure at connection A Due to the pressure difference the control slide valve closes so far until the spring force re establishes an equilibrium of forces As a result the flow resistance at the control edge between connections P and A increases and the pressure at connection A sinks The control voltage must be between 0 V and 10 V The minimum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure at the pre stage via the spring force at 0 V The maximum nominal pressure defines the opening pressure at 10 V The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened main stage leading edge Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 241 B The Component Library Actuators Configurable cylinder The configurable cylinder can be customized via its properties dialog Almost any combination of piston type single acting double acting the specification of the piston rods double ended with magnetic coupling or slide and the number none one two is possible An end position cushioning without with adjustable can also be defined FluidSIM automatically adjusts the symbol according to the preset configuration In addition a load to be moved including possible static and sliding friction anda variable force profile can be defined in the properties dialog In the component library from FluidSIM there are several pre configur
233. r of current pulses has have been counted between the connections A1 and A2 If a potential is supplied between the connections R1 and R2 the counter is reset to its predefined value In the Simulation Mode the relay counter can also be reset by clicking on it Adjustable parameters Counter 0 9999 pulses 5 pulses Starting current limiter The starting current limiter consists essentially of a relay whose coil is situated between the connections IN and OV and whose switch contact is situated between the connections 24V and OUT An electronic longitudinal controller restricts with a switched relay contact the current flow to the preset value for the specified duration The starting current limiter is usually deployed in combination with the electric motor Adjustable parameters Duration 1 10000ms 50 ms Max current 0 1 100A 2A 258 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Controller Comparator The comparator is a discontinuous Switching two step action controller with differential gap hysteresis When activated it delivers a predefined voltage signal The switch on value for the activation is defined by nominal value 1 2 hysteresis and the switch off value by nominal value 1 2 hysteresis The comparator requires a power supply of 24 V Adjustable parameters Set value voltage 10 10V 5V Hysteresis 0 5V 1V PID controller The P
234. r pressure and releasing it again with minimal losses The construction consists essentially of a pressure resistant container generally a gas charge of nitrogen and a Separator e g a piston a membrane or a bubble elastomer Hydraulic fluid only starts to flow into the reservoir when the fluid pressure is greater than the gas preload pressure Adjustable parameters Volume 0 01 100 Liter 0 32 Liter Gas pre charge pressure 0 40 MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic reservoir The reservoir enables the performance of a hydraulic system to be optimized For example it can be utilized as an energy reservoir and for the absorbance of pressure surges or flow fluctuations Reservoirs are capable of absorbing a defined volume of fluid under pressure and releasing it again with minimal losses The construction consists essentially of a pressure resistant container generally a gas charge of nitrogen and a separator e g a piston a membrane or a bubble elastomer Hydraulic fluid only starts to flow into the reservoir when the fluid pressure is greater than the gas preload pressure Adjustable parameters Volume 0 01 100 Liter 0 32 Liter Gas pre charge pressure 0 40 MPa 1 MPa Diaphragm accumulator with shutoff block Stores the pressure and is equipped with a pressure relief valve to prevent overpres sure Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 35 MPa 6 MPa Gas pre charge pressure 0 1 35 MPa 1 MPa Filter The filter
235. re of positive and negative overlap P is connected to A B and T are closed ES With 4 3 way valves the types of overlap positions is generally specified in the data sheet Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 307 C Didactics Material Survey 4 3 way valve overlap positions 2 The illustration shows the right hand overlap position of a 4 3 way valve with positive overlap in the mid position closed mid position This overlap position too is a mixture of positive and negative overlap P is connected to B Aand T are closed 4 3 way module This 4 3 way module with hand lever actuation is used in vertical intercon nection systems modular hydraulics See also the illustration in topic 58 308 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 9 Shutoff Valves 125 Non return valve 1 Non return valves block flow in one direction and allow free flow in the other In the direction of flow shown the sealing element is pressed against a seat by a spring and the hydraulic fluid These valves are also available in designs without springs Since there must be no leaks in the closed position these valves are generally of poppet design 126 Non return valve 2 In the direction of flow shown the valve is opened by the hydraulic fluid HO which lifts the sealing element from the seat In this circuit the non retur
236. re regulator is created by combining a 2 way pressure regulator and a pressure relief valve the overlap is adjustable The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the standard circuit symbol for a 3 way pressure regulator C 8 Way Valves The 2 2 way valve has a working port A a supply port P and a leakage oil port L In the case of the valve shown here of slide design flow from P to A is closed in the normal position A relief line leading to the leakage oil port is provided to prevent a build up of pressure in the spring and piston chambers The 2 2 way valve is actuated and the passage from P to A is open E gt 2 2 way valves are also available which are normally open from P to A Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 299 C Didactics Material Survey This example shows a 2 2 way valve used as a by pass valve when the 2 2 way valve is actuated the flow control valve OV2 is by passed causing the piston rod of the cylinder to advance at maximum speed 90 2 2 way valve as by pass valve The illustration shows the same circuit as the previous illustration but with the functional representation of the 2 2 way valve replaced by a circuit symbol In its initial position the cylinder is advanced If the 2 2 way valve OV1 is actuated the entire volumetric flow passes to the tank and piston rod of the cylinder is reset by the external load m
237. relay This component has been neglected here for the sake of simplicity Start the simulation The electrical current as well as the pressure and flow distribution are computed the pressures are shown in color If you want to see the exact values of the quantities at hand you can mark them by clicking under View Quantity Values The marked quantities are displayed next to the components connections Section 4 7 applies here Operate the electrical switch As a result the valve switches and the cylinder s piston extends z E Programme Didactic fl_sim_h4 de Ct ele Sele Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 103 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Aside from a manual or electrical operation valves can be controlled mechanically either through a cylinder piston or a magnet mounted at the piston Such a coupling is realized in the same way an electrical coupling is established By means of labels which are assigned to the cylinder s distance rule and the mechanical valve connection Draw a configurable valve on the drawing area and furnish it with a mechanical actuator Double click the mechanical actuator A dialog opens where a String for the related label can be entered If the same label is assigned to the cylinder s distance rule the valve will become actuated mechanically if the cylinder piston reaches its predefined position A particu
238. requently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with floating position ii In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with bypass position i In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to parallel or crossover position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way solenoid valve with bypass position ii In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When actuated by the control solenoids the valve is set to crossover or parallel position If no current is flowing through the control solenoids the valve can be manually actuated This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 228 Festo Didactic GmbH
239. rial Simulating with FluidSIM Component Librar Opens the reference of the component library Didactics Material Opens the overview of the didactics material Provided you ve copied the movie files on your hard disk during the installation the educational film chapters will appear here Presentation Opens a dialog box that can be utilized to recall available presentations along with creating new presentations Presentations allow for the combination of individual topics into a lesson ideal for teaching hydraulics Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM A FluidSIM Menus A 7 Project Extended Presentation Opens a dialog box that can be utilized to recall available Microsoft PowerPoint presentations The files of the extended presentations are located in the ppx subdirectory of your FluidSIM installation You can add PowerPoint presentations on your own by copying the respective opt files or pps files to the ppx subdirectory Educational Film Opens a dialog box with educational films related to electro hydraulics By double clicking on a topic in the list the dialog box closes and the media playback starts playing the selected film This menu option only appears if the movie files have not been copied on your hard disk during the installation Otherwise you will find the educational films in the menu option Didactics Material New The file selector box is op
240. s achieved during initial commissioning As an additional exercise the circuit diagram and parts list for the necessary test assembly should be prepared Solution In order to draw the characteristic curve for the pump the volu metric flow of hydraulic fluid delivered by the pump Q is plotted against the operating pressure achieved p The manufacturer s characteristic curve exhibits a slight downward gradient since the new pump manifests increas ing internal leakage losses as necessary to provide internal lubrication The newly plotted curve shows a clear deviation the leakage oil losses have become greater at higher operating pressures the volumetric efficiency has become worse The main reason for this is pump wear Regarding the circuit diagram for the test assembly The adjustable flow control valve 1V3 is ad justed in such a way that the pressure gauge 1Z1 shows the desired system pressure The pressure relief valve 1V2 is used to limit the system pressure while valve 1V1 acts as a Safety valve for the pump 0 The measured values taken as the basis for this exercise do not allow for the characteristic curve of the electric motor The motor characteristic thus forms part of the calculated error Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 319 C Didactics Material Survey Exercise Bending machine directly controlled pressure relief valve Problem A bending machine is used to bend steel plates The
241. s basics and runs using Microsoft Windows It can be used in combination with the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG training hardware but also independently FluidSIM was developed as a joint venture between the University of Paderborn Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems Software GmbH Paderborn A major feature of FluidSIM is its close connection with CAD functional ity and simulation FluidSIM allows DIN compliant drawing of electro hydraulic circuit diagrams and can perform realistic simulations of the drawing based on physical models of the components Simply stated this eliminates the gap between the drawing of a circuit diagram and the simulation of the related hydraulic system The CAD functionality of FluidSIM has been specially tailored for fluidics For example while drawing the program will check whether or not certain connections between components are permissible Another feature of FluidSIM results from its well thought out didactic concept FluidSIM supports learning educating and visualizing hydraulic knowledge Hydraulic components are explained with textual descriptions figures and animations that illustrate underlying working principles exercises and educational films mediate knowledge about both important circuits and the usage of hydraulic components The development of FluidSIM included special emphasis on both an intuitive and easy to learn user interface The user will quickly learn to draw a
242. s of important components and depicts them graphically Terminal assignment diagram The terminal assignment diagram list automatically creates terminals in the electrical circuit and displays the allocation in a table Functional diagram editor With the functional diagram editor functional diagrams e g displacement step diagrams can be created Parts list The parts list component creates from the components of a circuit diagram a table which contains for each component its designation and its description Rectangle Rectangles are graphic primitives which can also be used within circuit diagrams Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 275 B The Component Library Ellipse Ellipses are graphic primitives which can also be used within circuit diagrams Bitmap In FluidSIM images as with all other components and objects can be inserted positioned moved rotated and mirrored In addition images such as rectangles and ellipses are freely scalable 276 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey C 1 Applications This chapter provides a comprehensive listing of those parts of the didactics material in FluidSIM that are not covered by chapter B The Component Library Basically this material consists of the components behavior illustrations the animations the exercises and the edu
243. se following the closure of the directional control valve The following animation shows the events which occur in the two working lines First the animation shows in schematic form the behavior of the PRV during the braking phase then it shows the behavior of the non return valve NRV in the supply line The necessity of the brake valve can be demonstrated by topic 63 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 293 C Didactics Material Survey Circuit diagram PRV as back pressure valve Back pressure valves counteract mass moments of inertia with tractive loads The illustration shows a circuit with a back pressure valve on the piston rod side On the return stroke the PRV is by passed by an NRV tS The PRV must be pressure compensated and the tank port must be capable of carrying a pressure load Pressure relief valves often incorporate cushioning pistons or flow control valves The cushioning device shown provides fast opening and slow closing of the valve This prevents damage caused by pressure shocks Smooth valve aw i 14 a a S operation CL ES Pressure shock arise for example when the pump delivers oil in an almost unpressurized condition and the supply port of the load device is abruptly closed by a directional control valve This pressure relief valve controls the flow in accordance with an external pressure setting This pressure acts against an adjustable spring force The p
244. short circuit was detected in an electrical circuit The positive and negative poles of a voltage source are directly connected without a load indicator light buzzer relay or control solenoid The short circuit must be eliminated before simulation can take place N Objects are placed outside the drawing area At least one object has been placed outside the drawing area After acknowledging the dialog box the respective objects are shown selected Either change the papersize or place the selected objects inside the marked drawing area A Open connections At least one component has an open hydraulic connection After acknowledging the dialog box all components with an open hydraulic connection are selected If the simulation should be started FluidSIM automatically fits blind plugs to open connections A Incompatible connections are superimposed When two connections are superimposed FluidSIM automatically connects them When these two connections do not go together a warning message is given A Superimposed lines At least two lines are superimposed After acknowledging the dialog box these line segments are selected Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM D Messages A Lines through components At least one line is passing through a component After acknowledging the dialog box the appropriate components are selected A Lines through connections At least one line is crossing thro
245. specific circuit diagram FluidSIM recognizes which functions apply according to the contents of the window component functions and context circuit diagram design animation circuit diagram simulation etc and disables the operations on the toolbar that do not apply In many new Microsoft Windows programs context menus are available A context menu appears when the user clicks the right button on the mouse within the program window In FluidSIM context menus apply to the contents and situations in the window the context menus contain a useful subset of functions from the main menu bar Located at the bottom of the window is a status bar that displays information on the current calculations and activities during the operation of FluidSIM In Edit Mode FluidSIM displays the designation of the component found under the mouse cursor Buttons scrollbars and the menu bar in FluidSIM operate in the same way as in most other programs that utilize Microsoft Windows Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 19 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 3 1 Included with the FluidSIM installation disks are a number of working Simulating Existing circuit diagrams Circuit Diagrams Among others these are circuit diagrams as part of the learning material and will be discussed in the following workbooks Hydraulics Basic Level TP 501 Hydraulics Advanced Level TP 502 Electrohydraulics
246. speed should now also be adjustable The connecting lines should be added to the given circuit diagram The mode of operation of the circuit in the three switching positions should be described and the various piston speeds and forces compared Solution In order to achieve the same speed on the advance and return strokes a differential circuit by pass circuit can be used with differential cylinders with an area ratio of 2 1 Picture 116 2 The second picture shows the principle of a by pass circuit with a 3 2 way valve In the case of the parallel planing machine the necessary differential circuit can be achieved by using the mid position of a 4 3 way valve A B and P connected T closed In this switching position advance stroke the piston speed and force are twice as high as in the right hand switching position return stroke In the left hand switching position on the other hand the advance stroke is half as fast and the force twice as great as in the other two switching positions The speed for the advance and return strokes can be adjusted by means of a flow control valve fitted upstream t t should also be noted that only half the force is available on the advance stroke at the mid position In the case of a tractive load the by pass position has the advantage that the piston is hydraulically clamped Differential circuits are used not only as synchronization circuits but also as rapid traverse circuits when for example di
247. ssure valve opens AND function and the higher input pressure becomes the output pressure Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 230 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Pressure Control Valves Pressure relief valve In normal position the valve is closed If the opening pressure is reached at P T opens When the pressure drops below the preset level the valve closes again The flow direction is indicated by the arrow The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 40 MPa 5 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Pressure relief valve with pilot control In normal position the valve is closed If the opening pressure is reached at P T opens When the pressure drops below the preset level the valve closes again In simple terms the pilot pressure is generated by the input pressure The flow direction is indicated by the arrow The pilot operated pressure relief valve consists of a pilot stage and a main stage When open there is less volumetric flow at the pilot stage that leads internally to connection T The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 40 MPa 5 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Pressure relief valve wit
248. st list a manual operation with snap in and select the Spring returned option in the right field Close the dialog box via OK Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Now the valve should look as follows A B F i Move the mouse cursor over the left cylinder connection In Edit Mode the mouse cursor changes to a cross wires pointer D when it is above a component connection Press the left mouse button while the mouse cursor is above the cylinder connection Move the mouse cursor and notice how the cross wires pointer gains arrows lt gt Keep pressing the mouse button and move the cross wires pointer gt to the upper left valve connection Notice how the arrows on the cross wires pointer turn inward lt gt Release the mouse button Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 37 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits Immediately a line appears between the two chosen connections FluidSIM automatically draws a line between the two chosen connec tions The mouse cursor changes to the prohibited sign when it is not possible to draw a line between two connections Move the mouse cursor to a line In the Edit Mode the mouse cursor changes to a line selection symbol sr when it is positioned over a line Press the left mouse button and move the line selection symbol to
249. stant When the piston rod encounters the load the pressure p3 rises at the outlet of the flow control valve In order to allow the rapid control operations to be shown more clearly the time scale now changes to 1 100ths of a second The flow control valve briefly raises the pressure p downstream of the adjustable restrictor Following this the regulating restrictor moves to the left and p2 falls back to its original value i e the pressure difference between p and p2 remains constant The regulating operation shown is repeated a number of times as the result of which ps increases to 2 5 MPa 25 bar in several steps and the regulating restrictor opens more and more At the point at which 2 5 MPa 25 bar is reached the time scale changes back to 0 1 seconds The piston rod now travels under load just as fast as previously without load Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 315 C Didactics Material Survey C 11 Hydraulic Cylinders and Motors 151 Single acting cylinder In the case of a single acting cylinder only the piston side is pressurized with hydraulic fluid The cylinder can thus carry out work only in one direction The fluid which flows into the piston chamber causes a pressure to build up the surface of the piston The piston travels into its forward end position The return stroke is effected by a spring the dead weight of the piston rod or an external load In the case of plunger cyl
250. t Export Delimiter Tabulator Semicolon Other Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 169 6 Special Functions Description of the dialog box e Tabulator The tab character is used as column separator e Semicolon The semicolon is used as column separator e Other The entered character is used as column Separator 6 6 FluidSIM contains a practical printing function that is always available Printing a Window s whether you are in the Edit Mode or the Simulation Mode The contents Contents of any window in FluidSIM can be printed 170 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Print File Printer Name HP Color Lasentet 5M ka Chatus Cancel Type HP Color Laserlet 5h Where LPT1 Help Comment Print to file OF CcAFluidsIMsct tp201 SEP_G_10 CT Copies Number of copies pipip Scale Factor Fit to paper size Margin adjustment Left mm Top mm Alignment Rotate Mirror Description of the dialog box e Printer This list contains all available local as well as network printers A printer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a printer e Properties Opens a dialog box with available printer options Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 171 6 Special Functions 172 Copi
251. t description ___ 1389 cylinder___ 8316 educational film__ _ __ 153 330 exercises 38D flow valves ___ 28313 gauge 318 hydraulic plant___ 78 motor _ _ ONG physical fundamentals__ BG power unit __ 87 presentation GG presentations __ 331 pressure valves__ 9 sectional view_____ 40 156 Settings ___ 5G shutoff valves__ 83809 symbols _ 280 tutorial__ __ 1 valves 29 way valves ___ 99 differential pressure gauge___SSSSSSSSSSSSC 5 Digital Basic Functions _ G7 Digital Components ___OO G5 Digital Constants and Connectors __ssssSSSSCSC i5S Digital module__SSSSSSSSSSSSS 268 Digital Special Functions ___ G68 DIN standard ___ 1339 directional valves manually actuated __ 5 227 3 2 way ___ SSS Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 345 Index 4 2 way 4 3 way solenoid 4 2 way 4 3 way stem actuated 2 2 way directories of FluidSIM displacement encoder distance rule general problem usage dongle drag and drop drawing new print tiled size drawing area objects outside drawing layers drawing mistake DXF export import E EasyPort communication options Edge triggered AND digital Edge triggered Wiping Relay digital edit 225 226 226 227 227 228 227 227 228 225 15 250 274 334 108 11 31 200 61 61 61 3932 157 97 174 175 117 123 123 267 271 346 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM
252. t pressure at the valve port you may therefore manage the flow Instead in the case of a constant flow the pressure drop will change depending on the opening level that is defined by the valve position We speak of closed loop control when the output variable or a state variable influenced by this output variable itself serves as an input variable In the course of this several output variables as well as pending state variables may well be combined with further input variables when a calculation rule is used A classical example is represented by a position control that defines a particular position to be reached by a cylinder In this case the valve will be electrically addressed in such a way that the cylinder travels The position of the cylinder in consequence of the travel depending on the valve position will again be used as an input value while the deviation from the desired position of the cylinder is considered Once the cylinder has reached its target position the deviation is O and the valve returns to mid position closed position Thus the cylinder stops Should the cylinder by inertia or because of outside malfunction or interference pass the target position the valve will switch to the opposite side and will reverse the direction of flow the cylinder travels back This already represents the simplest form of controlling the so called P control 126 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidS
253. t the edit mode for the applicable drawing layer is activated Certain editing functions are not available in the context menu The context menu contains a practical subset of possible editing functions Probably the operation that you would like to utilize applies only to one component at a time if this is the case check to see that only one component is selected There is no pressure drop in the circuit although a T connection is apparently open T connections are considered to be different from other connections As an aid in drawing they must not be provided with blind plugs because they are automatically closed if no line is connected The simulation time runs irregularly although the slow motion factor has been set to 1 1 and Keep real time has been activated Both a complex circuit diagram and a slow computer could be reasons for the inability of FluidSIM to guarantee adherence to real time Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 197 7 Help and Advanced Tips 198 At certain connections arrows for the flow direction are not displayed The option has been activated The arrows only appear when a connection actual has a flow passing through it This situation is not to be confused with a high pressure at a connection The animation is not repeated although the Loop option has been activated The Loop option only applies to an animation that is not contai
254. tching element ________ssSsSsSSsSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSC7 tank __ 1 Terminal assignment diagram_____ _SsSSSSSSS 75 terminal assignment diagrams__ 73 text component general__ __ sss 162 275 358 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM Index protect__ G2 throttle valve___ 3G proportional __ 89 TIFF export ____ 173 Timer Switch digital 71 toolbar display hide____E 2 of FluidSIM 18 tutorial__ _ 43 two pressure valve ___ 380 U undo ___ G6 ungroup components ___ 8D objects GD units see quantity 1 Up Down Counter digital 71 V value range exceeded__ 2833 valve configurable___ DA 25 editor___ 85 5D valve solenoid ___ 73 American standard__ 274 valves configurable___ DG directional__ l 225 flow control_____ 386 presSure__ 8 shutoff _ ID way valves__ 224 variable displacement pump_ _ _____O Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 359 Index 360 video see educational film voltmeter warning message way valve configurable window arrange not available print contents Wiping Relay digital XOR digital zoom circuit diagram component library time distance diagram with rubber band 1 127 250 332 224 225 217 336 170 270 268 67 67 67 67 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM
255. ted separated from the electrohydraulic circuit As soon as the processing window of the digital module is closed or the original circuit window is put into the foreground the previously effected changes in the digital circuit are automatically adopted into the digital module of the electrohydraulic circuit Inside the digital module only digital components can be inserted Furthermore an encapsulating of additional digital modules inside a module is not possible However you can use several digital modules in one electrohydraulic circuit Please note that the digital circuit inside a digital module only works correctly if corresponding potentials are set at the electrical power supply units of the module 24 V and 0 V Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library On delay An output with on delay is not switched on until a specified time has expired When the status of input Trg changes from Lo to Hi the on delay time starts If the status of input Trg is Hi at least for the duration of the configured time the output Q is set to Hi on expiration of this time The output follows the input with on delay The time is reset when the status of the input changes again to Lo before the time has expired The output is reset to Lo when the status at the input is Lo Adjustable parameters On delay time 0 100s 3s Off delay The output is not reset
256. ter Accumulator Shutoff Valve and Flow Control Valve Pump Engine Swivel Cylinder Pressure and Switching Valves Flow Control Valves Flow meter Switch Relay Valve Solenoid Indicator Light Buzzer Pressure Indicator Counter Function Generator Voltmeter Status Controller PID Controller State Position Position Pressure Opening Level Speed Position Status Pressure Flow Flow Volume Status Status Status Status Counter Value Voltage Voltage 4 9 Using the functional diagram editor you may easily generate function Functional diagram editor diagrams such as e g distance step diagrams By dragging the window edges the window can be resized It is also possible to maximize the window The tool bar buttons are used to edit a functional diagram With the following six buttons you can chose an operation mode r Edit mode r Draw diagram curves p Insert signal elements Insert text boxes Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM a Draw signal lines and insert signal connections Insert additional nodes into signal lines 81 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Edit mode 82 The chosen mode is pointed out in white z for example indicates that signal lines are drawn by clicking into the diagram area If the mouse pointer remains for more than one second on a button a short description appears on the screen W Functio
257. th of an existing picture file here or choose one by using the file selection dialog e External Link Bitmaps may be assigned as an external reference or may be stored with circuit file The advantage of the latter is that of a transported circuit automatically containing the pictures When you only work within your own environment the reference to a file path is convenient because the circuit files remain compact and changes of the pictures also take effect in FluidSIM Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 165 6 Special Functions 166 Scale Factor Defines the scale factor of a picture file Instead of entering the value you may also change the picture s size by using the mouse When moving the mouse pointer across the border of an object the pointer will change to the size modification symbol gt J or Keeping the left mouse button pressed you may magnify or downsize it in the displayed direction Pictures in FluidSIM are always scaled according to the aspect ratio You cannot change just one side by narrowing or stretching Reset Changes back the scaling factor to 100 Background Foreground Defines whether the picture is to be positioned in front of all other circuit objects or behind them The option in the foreground is favorable with small logos while big pictures should be assigned the option in the background because a large part of the circuit
258. the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general break switch and setting a label Limit switch make ladder Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Pushbutton break ladder Switch that opens when actuated and closes immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton make ladder Switch that closes when actuated and opens immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Pushbutton changeover ladder Switch that changes over when actuated and changes back immediately when released In FluidSIM switches can be actuated permanently locked when continuing to hold down the mouse button and pushing the Shift key This permanent actuation is released by a simple click on the component Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 263 B The Component Library Pressure Switches Pressure switch break ladder Switch that opens when the
259. the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 2 way pressure reducing valve adjustable The pressure regulator valve regulates the pressure at connection A to the preset operating pressure and equalizes the pressure fluctuations The valve closes when the pressure at connection A exceeds the operating pressure Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 01 40MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 3 way pressure reducing valve The pressure reducing valve maintains a constant output pressure despite fluctuating input pressure The hydraulic fluid is drained off at T when the pressure at connection A exceeds the operating pressure The hydraulic resistance relates to the completely opened valve Adjustable parameters Nominal pressure 0 40 MPa 1 MPa Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 232 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Closing pressure compensator The pressure compensator represents a pressure dependent hydraulic resistance The pressure compensator closes when the pressure difference X Y exceeds the nominal pressure A pressure regulating valve is implemented by the combination of connections A and X The pressure balance is also a component of 2 way flow control valves The
260. the output remains set After expiration of the configured time the output is reset to the status Lo pulse output If the input status changes from Hi to Lo before the specified time has expired also the output follows immediately with a with a Hi to Lo transition Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s5 3s 270 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Edge triggered Wiping Relay An input signal generates a signal of specified length at the output retriggering The output status is switched to Hi after the input Trg is set to Hi The configured time is started at the same time After expiration of the configured time the output Q status is reset to Lo pulse output If the input status changes again from Lo to Hi retriggering before the specified time has expired the time is reset and the output remains switched on Adjustable parameters Delay time 0 100s5 3s Timer Switch With the timer switch you can create timer switches referring to days weeks and years Upon reach of the specified on transition time the output Q of the timer switch is set to Hi and upon reach of the specified off transition time to Lo If you have chosen the option repeat all the on and off transition is repeated each time according to the specified repetition time Adjustable parameters On time 0 1000s 1
261. tion modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Configurable 5 n way valve The configurable 5 n way valve is a way valve with five connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Configurable 6 n way valve The configurable 6 n way valve is a way valve with six connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 224 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Configurable 8 n way valve The configurable 8 n way valve is a way valve with eight connections where both its body elements and its operation modes are user definable Additionally the hydraulic connections can be closed with blind plugs Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Mechanically Actuated Directional Valves 2 2 way stem Actuated valve i If the cylinder piston actuates the stem flow is enabled from P to A
262. tion of a new presentation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 147 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics e Edit Presentation Clicking on Edit Presentation opens a second dialog box to begin editing a presentation e Preview When the Preview setting is activated the picture that pertains to the selected presentation appears underneath the topics list Click on New Presentation to open the following dialog box Presentation Description pd Available Topics Selected Topic Terminal assignment diagram Functional diagram editor Farts list Rectangle Ellipse Bitmap Didactics Material Basics and working principles Applications Fress with elevated reservoir kAnhile hudralios F urawakar k gt nsert gt Delete Preview 148 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Description of the dialog box e Description In this text field a short description of the presentation can be entered This text may consist of up to 128 characters and will appear with the other presentations the next time the presentation dialog box is opened e Available Topics This field contains a list of all available topics dealing with Hydraulic Basics Working Principles and Exercises Moreover there exist two pictures that can be used to announ
263. tion of the dialog box e Constant Force Please choose this option and enter a force if a constant force is meant to take effect for the entire distance of the cylinder movement 56 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits e Variable Force Please choose this option if the force changes depending on the position of the cylinder rod You may interactively define applicable points in the chart field by clicking the mouse these applicable points will be linked to be one lineament Alternatively you may mark an existing applicable point and enter the two values numerically for piston position and applicable force using the input field e Range Using this slider you may define the range of values to be displayed for the force e Delete Deletes the marked applicable point and links the two adjoining points with one straight line e Delete all Deletes all applicable points and defines a constant force Use this option to delete an existing lineament without having to delete each single applicable point Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 57 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Register Actuating Labels Configure Cylinder Configuration Parameters External load Force profile actuating Labels Position Begin End J mom g C J mom g C J mom g C
264. tions ound Opens a dialog box in which the acoustic signal is switched on for the following component types switch relay valve and buzzer Didactics Opens a dialog box with settings for the didactics These settings include factors that apply to animation speed and repeat mode rid Opens a dialog box allowing you to activate the background grid and select its style Point Cross Line and its resolution Coarse Medium Fine Terminal Assignment Diagram Opens a dialog box where you may define the options for the terminal assignment diagrams Protect Text Components Enables or disables the protection of text components Protected text components can neither be marked nor moved or deleted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 215 A FluidSIM Menus 216 Enables or disables the automatic creation of a backup file for circuit diagrams Backup file names have the extension bak The backup files are created when the circuit diagram is saved and are updated each time the circuit diagram is saved Defines the default directory for circuit diagrams and presentation files If this option is enabled the default directory for the mentioned files is on the network file server Otherwise the default directory is on the local PC This menu entry is available only in the network version Save Settings Now Saves the current global and window s
265. tivation Notes 12 For the online activation you will need a computer with internet access During the installation you will be prompted to activate FluidSIM There are three ways of doing so e Automatic Online Activation This variant requires Internet access from the computer where FluidSIM is to be activated and realizes a completely automated procedure e Indirect Activation In this variant an activation dialog box is opened that shows an Internet address url and your individual license ID With this information you can generate your individual activation key at an arbitrary computer with Internet access Then the activation key has to be entered in the activation dialog box of the installation PC e Call Festo to receive your individual activation key If you don t have Internet access or if the Internet activation fails you can call a service employee at weekday office hours who will provide you with your activation code Please note The displayed phone number in Germany is available at European office times only Depending on the geographical position of your site you will find different telephone numbers for the software activation on the shipping box During the activation of FluidSIM several features of your PC and the product ID are used to generate an individual activation key This string is valid for your PC only l e if your PC is substantially modified or if you want to use another PC your FluidSIM license has to be
266. tive valve with the help of two labels The maximum currents at the amplifier outputs are hereby automatically adjusted in relation to the coupled valves A step current relative to the maximum current can be specified in order to compensate the positive overlap of proportional valves The amplifier requires a power supply of 24 V Valve solenoid ladder The valve solenoid switches the valve By means of a label the valve solenoid can be linked to a valve that is solenoid operated Distance rule The distance rule is a device for attaching switches at the cylinder The labels at the distance rule define links to the actual proximity switches or limit switches in the electrical circuit Status indicator In Edit Mode the status indicator is automatically displayed at those components that are actuated in the circuit s initial position Cam switch In Edit Mode the cam switch is automatically displayed at those mechanically operated way valves that are actuated in the circuit s initial position 274 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM B The Component Library Text The concept of text components in FluidSIM gives the user a way in which to describe components in diagrams assign identification texts or to provide commentary on the diagram The text and the appearance of text components can be customized to the user s liking State diagram The state diagram records the state quantitie
267. to a CAD program where they can still be edited Click on under the menu to export the actual circuit diagram If no new name is given for the DXF file the exported circuit diagram file is saved with the extension dxf The exported drawings in the DXF format differ from those in FluidSIM in the following manner 1 Component connections are shown without circles 2 The DIN symbol is inserted for the cylinder 3 The text font is set to STANDARD for the text components 174 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions 6 9 Files that are of the DXF format type can be imported retaining most DXF Import of the DXF element attributes Clearly imported circuit diagrams or symbols cannot be simulated since the DXF standard does provide for a definition language of physical behavior models However the import functionality is useful if a circuit diagram shall contain elements that cannot be realized from within FluidSIM For example CAD drawing frames or terminal strip plans which have been created by means of another CAD program can be inserted into a FluidSIM drawing Depending on whether a single symbol or a complex drawing is to be imported particular conventions relating the grouping should be obeyed Having selected a DXF file via File Open the dialog box for the DXF import opens DAF Import Scale Drawing Original Size 36 x 25 Scale Factor ka Generate Objects
268. to quit FluidSIM because the program s stability cannot be assured However it is still possible to save changes to circuit diagrams before quitting FluidSIM x Fatal error Please save changed circuits and quit FluidSIM A program error has occurred Please save changes to any open circuit diagrams quit FluidSIM and Microsoft Windows and restart The circuit filename ct has not been saved when the last FluidSIM session was terminated improperly Shall this file be recovered FluidSIM has been terminated in an unexpected manner However a backup file was written from which an actual version of the unsaved circuit can be constructed If the question is answered with Yes a window with the recovered circuit is opened however the original circuit remains unchanged You then can decide if to whether the recovered circuit shall be saved under the original name Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 337 Index Symbols 29 f 32 dy 65 33 e 37 lt gt 37 gt 37 F 38 M 23 fa 26 D 29 204 El 20 205 B 204 T 43 204 8 170 206 62 206 a 33 206 65 206 El 65 206 E 68 a 212 El 712 Q 212 Q 213 E 213 QI 213 Bl 98 208 B 26 208 gt 23 208 n 27 208 m 208 w 209 209 pa 209 Teagan 66 207 338 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM Index mops 20 Pompey E 67 j G7 j_ G7 Q jJ G7 E 67 E 67 2 n way valve configurable
269. transferred to the new hardware Such a transfer requires the deactivation of the license of the original PC which is accomplished by uninstalling Fluid SIM The respective uninstallation program can be found in the menu Start under Deinstallation or in the control panel under Software If a deactivation of FluidSIM is not possible because of technical problems as an exception your license can be transferred without deactivation Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 2 Getting Started 2 2 2 Installation with license connector FluidSIM Full Version Installation from CD Note that a license transfer without a preceding deactivation is possible only a few times Also note that if your license has been transferred to another PC it cannot be re activated for the initial PC without deactivating it before Depending on the license model single position systems or network the license connector is needed only during the Installation of FluidSIM or must be attached to the so called license server The network license connector defines how many instances of Fluid SIM can be running at the same time in the network If you attempt to start more instances than the allowed number an error message is displayed If the license server is down or if the license connector has been removed from the system all circuits that are already open and modified can be saved before FluidSIM terminates If the li
270. trolled In FluidSIM the proportional valve solenoid is coupled to the respective continuous directional valve with the help of a label The required slide position is predetermined via a voltage signal The valve slide distance is position controlled The control and amplifier component is integrated in the valve Proportional amplifier 1 channel The amplifier is used to control proportional valves For this purpose nominal values voltage signals from O V to 10 V are transformed into the necessary magnetic current for the proportional valves In FluidSIM the amplifier is coupled to the respective valve with the help of a label The maximum current at the amplifier output is hereby automatically adjusted in relation to the coupled valve A step current relative to the maximum current can be specified in order to compensate the positive overlap of proportional valves The amplifier requires a power supply of 24 V Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 273 B The Component Library Proportional amplifier 2 channel The amplifier is used to control proportional valves with two magnets For this purpose nominal values voltage signals from 10 V to 10 V are transformed into the necessary magnetic current for the proportional valves Output A is gated at a nominal value between 0 V and 10 V output B between 0 V and 10 V In FluidSIM the amplifier is coupled to the respec
271. ts and connections in FluidSIM s standard circuit library stand on drawing layer two By disabling the Show option for this layer the identifiers are made invisible 6 2 By selecting a rectangle and clicking on Edit Properties or by simply Graphic Primitives double clicking it its property dialog box is opened Rectangles Rectangle Width Color Description of the dialog box e a Defines the x coordinate of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be moved with the mouse e y Defines the y coordinate of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be moved with the mouse 158 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Width Defines the width of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the rectangle s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator 4 ji or Now the rectangle can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Height Defines the height of the rectangle Instead of providing a number the rectangle can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the rectangle s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator gt J or Now the rectangle can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button
272. ts list component shows the number of the comprised components With the Single Position Parts List option enabled each component gets its own row within the parts list The first column of the parts list component then shows a possible existing identification 168 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions e Sort Lines The lines of a parts list can be sorted in ascending order in descending order by the component description by the component number or by the component designation e Layer Defines the drawing layer of the parts list component The drawing layer is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a layer Depending on the settings of drawing layer the parts list compo nent may not be visible or may not be selectable To display an invisible parts list component or to change its properties in such a case the drawing layer must be activated via the menu Layers Exporting Parts Lists Aside from printing a parts list component it can also be exported in the form of a text file Select a parts list component click on File Parts list Export A file selector box opens where an existing file can be selected or a new file name can be entered After a file has been specified and the file selector box been closed a dialog box opens where a column separator can be defined Parts Lis
273. tting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact break Switch that is opened by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch closes immediately when the cam has passed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general break switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Limit switch make Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Limit switches are created by using a general make switch and setting a label Switch with roll make Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Switches with roll are created by using a general make switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Reed contact make Switch that is closed by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch opens immediately when the cam has passed the switch Reed contacts are created by using a general make switch setting a label and selecting the switch type in the component s properties dialog Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 253 B The Component Library Limit switch changeover Switch that is changed over by a cam attached to the cylinder rod The switch changes back immediately when the cam has passed the switch
274. ues the flow direction indicator and the background grid see next section Circuit Diagram Specific The following belong to the circuit diagram specific settings Settings 1 2 Display Flow Direction 3 Display Grid These settings can be adjusted for each open circuit diagram individu ally although they cannot be saved as such Instead the user has a way to define a default setting for the creation of new circuit diagrams By clicking on under Options the display settings of the current circuit diagram are saved as the default These default settings apply to the display of quantities the flow direction indicator and the background grid of each newly opened circuit diagram The term current circuit refers to the selected circuit diagram window A selected window will always be fully visible and its title bar will be highlighted Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 193 6 Special Functions Window Specific Settings The following settings are window specific 1 zoom factor 2 window size 3 window position Window specific settings can be saved by clicking on under the menu 194 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips This chapter serves as the first place to find help when dealing with questions that come from working with FluidSIM The second section of this chapter provides background information for advanced users 7 1
275. ugh a connection to which the line is not connected After acknowledging the dialog box these lines are selected A Superimposed components At least two components are superimposed After acknowledging the dialog box these components are selected N Duplicate or incompatible labels A label has been used incorrectly After acknowledging the dialog box the appropriate components are selected To set the circuit diagram into simulation other labels will have to be chosen d There are components with the same description The same description has been assigned to more than one component After acknowledging the dialog box the respective components appear selected Modify the component description s or as the case may be rearrange them such that their assignment becomes definite 2 There have been warnings Start simulation anyway This prompt appears when any of the above drawing errors can be found in the circuit diagram If the simulation is started while connections are open FluidSIM will supply these open connections with blind plugs Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 333 D Messages D 3 Operating Errors 334 LD There is no cylinder close to the distance rule A distance rule can only be given a label when it is assigned to a cylinder Move the distance rule near a cylinder so that it snaps into place Now a label can be entered by double clicking the measuring scale i No su
276. umber the ellipse can also be moved with the mouse Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 6 Special Functions Radius rx Defines the x radius of the ellipse Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the ellipse s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator ji or Now the ellipse can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Radius ry Defines the y radius of the ellipse Instead of providing a number the ellipse can also be resized by dragging the mouse If the mouse pointer is moved onto the ellipse s border the mouse pointers becomes a resize indicator t or Now the ellipse can be resized as indicated by holding down the left mouse button Starting Angle Defines the ellipse s start angle specified in degree A value of zero degree corresponds to the three o clock watch hands position Ending Angle Defines the ellipse s end angle specified in degree A value of zero degree corresponds to the three o clock watch hands position Color Defines the color of the ellipse s border A color is set by clicking on the down arrow at the right hand side of the list and selecting a color Fill Area Defines whether the entire area or only the border of the ellipse is colored Line Style Defines the line style of the ellipse
277. urbulent flow In the case of laminar flow the hydraulic fluid moves through the pipe in ordered cylindrical layers If the flow velocity of the hydraulic fluid rises above a critical speed the fluid particles at the center of the pipe break away to the side and turbulence results Turbulent flow should be avoided in hydraulic circuits by ensuring they are adequate sized Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 285 C Didactics Material Survey A pressure drop to the level of vacuum may occur at points of restriction causing precipitation of the air dissolved in the oil When the pressure rises again oil bursts into the gas bubbles and spontaneous ignition of the oil air mixture may occur Cavitation Motion energy is required for an increase in the flow velocity of the oil at a restriction This motion energy is derived from the pressure energy If the vacuum which results is smaller than 30 kPa 0 3 bar air dissolved in the oil is precipitated out When the pressure rises again due to a reduction in speed the oil bursts into the gas bubbles Cavitation is a significant factor in hydraulic systems as a cause of wear in devices and connections gonn SOS Local pressure peaks occur during cavitation This causes the erosion of small particles from the wall of the pipe immediately after the reduced cross section leading to material fatigue and often also to fractures This effect is accompan
278. uring instruments Section 4 7 describes how you may go about getting values for all or only selected variables on the circuit diagram even when measuring instruments are not present Simulation in FluidSIM is based on physical models whose components match those components found in the Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG equipment set Therefore calculated values should closely match measured values When comparing results please acknowledge the fact that in practice measurements can be subject to large fluctuations The reasons for differences range from component tolerances to oil temperature The calculation of variables forms the basis for an exact real time proportional animation of the cylinder Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 25 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits 26 Real time proportionality guarantees the following property If in reality a cylinder moves twice as fast as another one the relationship between these two components is shown in the animation In other words the real time relationship remains unaltered Manually operated valves and switches found in the circuit diagram can be switched by clicking on them with the mouse Move the mouse cursor to the left switch The mouse cursor becomes a hand with index finger and indicates that the switch may be flipped Click on the switch When you click on a manually operated switch its real behavior is s
279. ustrial use Modern computers and most of all mobile ones tend to leave out this interface more and more Still you may inexpensively and simply add a serial interface by using a USB serial converter enabling you to use the EasyPort The converter s own software defines a virtual COM port that will be assigned a number higher than the existing physical interfaces usually COM 5 This virtual port will enable you to address the hardware as usual e Connection Color Defines the color of the connection indicator for the i o component when either the EasyPort connection is active or when the connection is not available or out of order The color may be defined by clicking the downward arrow on the right hand side of the list and then select a color If FluidSIM doesn t find the EasyPort hardware on starting the simula tion a related warning will be shown The simulation can still be started but until the end or until restarting the simulation FluidSIM will not attempt to detect any EasyPorts If the connection fails during the sim ulation e g due to unintentionally removing connecting cable the simulation will continue without EasyPort interconnection but Fluid SIM will attempt to reestablish the connection Once the hardware is again available at the defined interface the connection will once again be established and the simulation will continue including the EasyPort communication Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and
280. valve with shutoff position i In normal position all connections are closed When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with shutoff position ii In normal position all connections are closed When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with floating position i In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When manually actuated the valve is set to parallel or crossover position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with floating position ii In normal position the connections A and B are open to T When manually actuated the valve is set to crossover or parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the menu 4 3 way hand lever valve with bypass position i In normal position the connections A and B are closed and P to T opened When manually
281. ve is set to parallel position This valve is derived from a configurable 4 n way valve You find this valve in the component library Frequently used Way Valves under the Library menu Related Topics Configurable 4 n way valve 4 2 way hand lever valve fii 104 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 C e gt Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 141 5 Learning Teaching and Visualizing Hydraulics Please click the line with the relevant topic 104 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 The following picture appears Didactics material Didactics material Basics and working principles lt VayValves lt 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 104 4 2 way valve two pistons 1 The 4 2 way valve has two working ports A and B a supply port P and a tank port T The supply port is always connected to one of the working ports while the second working port is routed to the tank In the normal position there is flow from P to B and from A to T In contrast to valves with three pistons 4 2 way valves with two pistons do not require a leakage oil port see topic 106 o G e gt Often it is easier to understand the functional nature of a component when its behavior is visualized through the use of animation For this reason several components possess different sectional views showing the component at different states These sectional views can be animated in much the same way as a flip book
282. ves always operate in conjunction with a pressure relief valve The part of the flow which is not required is discharged via the PRV 2 way flow control valve 2 When fluid flows through the valve the pressure drop across the adjustable restrictor is kept constant by the pressure compensator which varies the resistance at the upper throttle point in accordance with the load at the inlet or outlet ES See also the animation 150 for this topic 314 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey 2 way flow control valve 3 In the case of this flow control valve the pressure difference is kept constant by a adjustable restrictor i e between p and p2 If the pressure pg rises as the result of an external load the overall resistance of the valve is reduced by opening the regulating restrictor Circuit diagram 2 way flow control valve The model circuit diagram shows the arrangement of a 2 way flow control valve in the piston side supply line in order to achieve a constant feed speed even under varying load A non return valve is fitted in the by pass to allow the flow control valve to be by passed on the return stroke The advancing piston rod encounters a load half way through its stroke The flow control valve nonetheless ensures that the advance speed remains constant From 0 to 2 seconds Shown at bottom right the piston rod is unloaded and the pressure conditions remain con
283. w is other than zero If the total value of a quantity is extremely near to zero 0 0001 no Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 77 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits 4 8 Displaying State Diagrams 78 State Diagram Display Interval Adjust automatically Scroll automatically Sec Fixed interval Start al Sec Diagram columns Description Designation Quantity value The state diagram records the state quantities of important components and depicts them graphically You may use several state diagrams in one window as well as to display several components in the same diagram By dragging a component on the diagram you will add the component to the state diagram A selection dialog will open where you may select the state variables to be logged as well as to define different colors Dragging on the diagram again will reopen the dialog allowing you to change your choice In case no state variable of a component is selected the component will be removed from the diagram When in edit mode please double click the state diagram or select the menu option Edit Properties The following dialog box opens Log File Increment je Os O1100s 11000 Record state changes only Color Line thickness thin Thick Layer Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanc
284. will be calculated for the circuit Formulating models is demanding Depending on a circuit s complexity and the computer s power a circuit s simulation may take considerable time Likewise the real time completion of the following dynamic simulation cannot always be guaranteed The percentage of real time achieved is shown in FluidSIM in the status bar at the lower edge of the main window As soon as the results are available the connection lines will be shown in color and the cylinders extend in sequence A E Programme WDidactic fl_sim_h4 de Ct demo_01 ct Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems e FluidSIM 3 Introduction to Simulating and Creating Circuits The colors of the connection lines have the following meaning Color Meaning Dark red Hydraulic line pressure gt 50 of maximum Ocher Hydraulic line pressure lt 50 of maximum Lightred Electrical line current flowing You can define your own mapping between colors and state values under Options Simulation The varying thicknesses of the dark red connection lines corresponds to the pressure as related to the maximum pressure FluidSIM distinguishes between three thicknesses of line Thickness Meaning Pressure gt 50 and lt 75 of maximum Pressure gt 75 and lt 90 of maximum Pressure gt 90 of maximum The exact numeric values for pressures flow rates voltages and currents are displayed on the attached meas
285. witch if the preset switching pressure is exceeded Adjustable parameters Switching pressure 0 0001 35 MPa 3 MPa Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 235 B The Component Library Flow Control Valves Nozzle The nozzle represents a hydraulic resistance Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Throttle valve The setting of the throttle valve is set by means of a rotary knob Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves can generate different resistance values despite identical settings Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 045 MPa min2 12 Orifice The orifice represents a hydraulic resistance Adjustable parameters Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 Orifice adjustable The orifice represents a variable hydraulic resistance Adjustable parameters Opening level 0 100 100 Hydraulic resistance 1e 7 100 MPa min2 l2 0 01 MPa min2 12 One way flow control valve The setting of the One way flow control valve is set by means of a rotary knob A check valve see check valve is located parallel to the throttle valve Please note that by the rotary knob no absolute resistance value can be set This means that in reality different throttle valves c
286. witching of the mouse cursor is undesirable is not available from the menu Make sure that you are in the Edit Mode and that the window is not empty The text that was exported using the DXF filter does not appear as it did in FluidSIM The DXF format does not sufficiently support textual objects l e CAD programs may not possess the ability to translate all fonts font attributes font colors and special symbols This section contains some technical information about different concepts in FluidSIM When information from a FluidSIM window is copied to the clipboard both a meta file and a bitmap are generated When pasting into another application a word processing program or a drawing program the program automatically finds the format that will contain the most information However it could be intended to insert a circuit diagram for example into Microsoft Word as a bitmap as opposed to the meta file representation In this case you simply paste the contents of the clipboard into bitmap editor such as Paintbrush and then recopy it back to the clipboard Following this action Microsoft Word then will find the bitmap when pasting from the clipboard Provided the video files have been copied to the hard disk during the installation they will played within the FluidSIM window Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 199 7 Help and Advanced Tips Opening FluidSIM files via the Explorer
287. xample with two control circuits The first control circuit acts via a flow control valve on a hydraulic motor which drives a roller This roller is used to stick together multi layered printed circuit boards The second control circuit acts on a hydraulic cylinder which draws the roller towards the boards at an adjustable reduced pressure This example can be used as a preliminary stage to the introduction of the 3 way PR If the 2 way PR is closed due to the fact that the preset maximum pressure has been reached thickening of the material of the workpieces would cause an increase in the pressure on the outlet side of the PR to a higher value than desired See also the animation for topic 84 80 3 way pressure regulator 1 The 3 way pressure regulator can be regarded as a combination of a 2 way PR and a pressure relief valve PRV The PR is in its normal position here only a low pressure has built up at the outlet A When the pressure at A rises the result of external conditions this pressure acts via a pilot line on the left hand piston surface of the pilot piston against an adjustable spring force Every pressure increase causes the throttle gap to become narrower resulting in a pressure drop Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 297 C Didactics Material Survey 82 3 way pressure regulator 3 When the maximum preset pressure is reached the throttle point closes completely The pressure
288. y e Start with arrow An arrow displays at the beginning of the line The arrow can be moved freely on the line e End with arrow An arrow displays at the end of the line The arrow can be moved freely on the line e Color Line color If you click on a finished signal line in the mode draw signal lines a signal connection is inserted This connection node can be moved freely on the line Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits In the edit mode the representation of the signal connection can be changed by a double click Signal link Representation Draw signal lines from signals onwards In the mode draw signal lines signal lines can be drawn from signals onwards Click with the left mouse button on a signal and keep the mouse button pressed Move the mouse to a position which you have chosen as the end point of a signal line After having released the mouse button the signal line is being drawn 23 8 234 23 6 Gs Zs 1 5 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 95 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Insert additional nodes into signal lines Add row Delete row Additional functions 96 Draw signal lines from diagram nodes onwards In the mode draw signal lines signal lines can be drawn from curve n
289. y using the property dialog box if the output Q shall be set to Lo or to Hi independent on the input value After the simulation start the value at the output is set to the value of the input Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 265 B The Component Library Logic level HI At the output Q you have the logic level Hi Logic level LO At the output Q you have the logic level Lo Connection digital An digital connection is a place where a digital line can be attached to To simplify the line drawing process a connection appears as a small circle in Edit Mode Note that at each digital connection its level Lo Hi can be displayed Line digital A digital line links two digital connections Note that a digital connection may be a simple digital connection or a T junction T junction digital A T junction joins up to four digital lines thus having a single digital level Note that T junctions are introduced automatically by FluidSIM when dropping the line drawing cursor onto another line in Edit Mode 266 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM B The Component Library Basic Functions AND The output Q of the AND is only Hi when all inputs are Hi that is if they are closed If an input pin of this module is not connected its status is automatically Hi Edge triggered AND The output Q of the edge trigg
290. ydraulic press travels a distance s a volume of fluid will be displaced This same volume displaces the output piston by the distance s2 If the area of this piston is larger than that of the input piston the distance sz will be shorter than s t Hydraulic displacement transmission is comparable to the mechanical law of levers 284 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM C Didactics Material Survey Displacement transmission 2 See topic 29 Pressure transfer 1 The fluid pressure p exerts a force F on the surface A which is trans ferred via the piston rod to the small piston The force F thus acts on the surface Az and produces the fluid pressure p2 Since the piston area A2 is smaller than the piston area A the pressure po must be larger than the pressure p t The pressure transfer pressure intensification effect is put to practical use in pneumatic hydraulic pressure intensifiers and also in purely hydraulic systems when extremely high pressures are required which a pump cannot deliver Pressure transfer 2 A pressure transfer effect also occurs in conventional double acting cylinders with single piston rod This effect also causes problems in hydraulics If for example an exhaust flow control is fitted to a differential cylinder for the advance stroke a pressure intensification effect results in the piston rod chamber A distinction is made between laminar flow and t
291. ylinder piston travels a stop a valve switches a relay or a switch is actuated The state change mode can be applied at any time to an already running simulation Next Topic Switches to the next topic in a presentation Hierarchical View Opens a library window where the FluidSIM components are organized hierarchically i e within a tree New Opens a dialog box for the creation of a user defined component library User defined component libraries can be rearranged according to the user s will and in contrast to the FluidSIM standard libraries components can be added or deleted from them Rename Opens a dialog box to rename a user defined component library Delete Deletes that user defined component library whose overview window is currently active Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 209 A FluidSIM Menus A 5 Insert A 6 Didactics 210 A hierarchically organized menu from which an object can be selected and inserted in the current circuit diagram Find Component F3 Opens the dialog for the string based search of components Opens the page with the technical description for the selected component This page contains the DIN symbol of the component a textual description of the component s function the connection designations and a listing of the adjustable parameters including their lt fa em oO fed uQ oO Tutorial Opens the Tuto
292. ystem Cylinder retracted 10 104 Cylinder extracted 10 10 Corresponding component of pneumatic circuit Voltage Please launch the simulation and observe that the cylinder stops when it reaches half of the distance Now we wish to expand the circuit in such way that the cylinder may arrive as rapidly as possible and still exactly at any desired position that we define during the simulation by adjusting a controller For this we will use a PID controller Please construct the following circuit and adjust the parameter values of the PID controller as indicated Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 131 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits Please note that the pump unit and the tank according to the above example are situated in reversed positions PID controller Control parameters Proportional gain KF 1 0 1000 Integral gain Kl gl 0 1000 1 3 a roononon d Derivation gain KD 0 0 1000 me ion oo ooo Control quantity offset o 77V aaan S Range selection 10 10 C 0 10W Launch the simulation and gradually change the y offset of the function generator between 10 and 10 132 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 4 Advanced Concepts in Simulating and Creating Circuits The cylinder will travel until it has found its desired position and will stop there The target position of the cylinder a
293. ystem Note that the local PCs must be authorized to read the FluidSIM files on the network file system Use the network option when installing FluidSIM on the other local PCs by calling the installation program as follows setup exe N During a local installation the installation program asks for the network path of the FluidSIM bin directory Thus FluidSIM must have been installed on the network file system before any local installation can be performed User specifically FluidSIM stores user files and settings in those file locations that are defined by the operation system In the case of a standard Microsoft Windows installation these are MyDocuments and ApplicationData of the particular user account 202 Festo Didactic GmbH amp Co KG and Art Systems FluidSIM 7 Help and Advanced Tips An aside The PC used during the FluidSIM standard installation on the network file system also reads and writes the FluidSIM configuration files on the network Moreover a FluidSIM de installation from this PC will delete the FluidSIM program files and consequently FluidSIM is no longer available on the network l If local PCs are not equipped with a CD ROM drive and if these PCs have no access to a CD ROM drive of some other PC the educational films may also be played from the network file system If sufficient disk space is left on the network file system the movie files can be copied to the installation folder during the setup

FluidSIM 4 Hydraulics

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents