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Perfusion system with control network

1. 4ATIOHLNOD 09 0 H3T1OHLNOD 3001 GON 3Q0N 3001 GON 300 0 110 30 317 3 YITIOYLNOD Y30N31X3 act Sos 606 Boy ezz He 1 706 YOSNIS 004 Ne 13437 wf YATIONLNOO oz NIVW yos uzs yop L Old U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 2 of 15 6 164 920 60 60 60 22 66 a 40 82 70 4 72 a 2 70 86 84 a6 es FIG 4 FIG 2 FIG 3 FIG 5 60 70 22 l FIG 6 72 86 74 76 U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 3 of 15 6 164 920 20 100 102 104 VOLATILE MEMORY 114 118 112 NETWORK DRAWING CONTROL CONTROL LER LER 106 108 110 116 120 34j NODE NODE NODE NODE CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER CONTROLLER 30a 30b 306 FIG 9 30d 32a 135 DRIVER ae AM po 133 132 130 30c FIG 10 U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 4 of 15 6 164 920 34a ENABLE DISABLE DATA 24V 5V GND 134 152 120a 120b 120c 162 164 144 CODE 150 154 158 146 140 DRIVER 120a 120b 1206 170 133 DATA 24 5 GND FIG 11 40a DATA 24V 5V GND pe commoner 180 MEMORY 188 192 194 U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 5 of 15 6 164 920 200 CONFIGURE 02 2 C Yes SELECT TYPE OF 206 SELECT FILE PERFUSION CIRCUIT DISPLAY 208 PERFUSION CIRCUIT SELECT OPTION 210 220 226 ADD CONFIGURE DISPLAY DEVICE DEVICE O oe 214 E
2. Yes DISPLAY CURRENT CONFIGURATION SELECT DEVICE TYPE 230 216 CHANGE DISPLAY SELECT POSITION CONFIGURATION DATA DISPLAY DEVICE IN PERFUSION END CIRCUIT FIG 13A U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 6 of 15 6 164 920 260 PLUG IN 26 AUTO MODE Yes ONLY ONE MATCH SELECT CONFIGURATION ALREADY CONFIGURED CONFIGURE DEVICE SELECT POSITION DISPLAY DEVICE IN PERFUSION CIRCUIT POSITION KNOWN 270 FIG 13B U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 7 of 15 6 164 920 STARTUP 280 DECODE DEVICE TYPE 282 AND PHYSICAL ADDRESS 284 Yes ALLOCATE LOGICAL 286 ADDRESS ENCODE STARTUP 288 GRANTED MESSAGE TRANSMIT MESSAGE 290 292 LOCAL DEVICE Yes 294 ENABLE POWER VIA LOCAL NODE CONTROLLER ENCODE NODE ENABLE 296 MESSAGE 298 TRANSMIT MESSAGE END FIG 13C U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 8 of 15 6 164 920 300 STATUS REQUEST ENCODE STATUS 302 REQUEST MESSAGE 304 306 START TIME OUT PERIOD FIG 13D PE ENCODE 312 DISCONNECT MESSAGE DETERMINE STATUS 314 FROM MESSAGE 316 318 RESPOND TO STATUS CONDITION FIG 13F FIG 13E U S Patent FIG 13G Dec 26 2000 Sheet 9 of 15 CONTROL CONTROL COMMAND Yes ENCODE CONTROL MESSAGE BROADCAST CONTROL MESSAGE PA 350 ENCODE ALARM RESET MESSAGE BROADCAST ALARM RESET MESSAGE No Yes ENCODE SYSTEM
3. disconnected from the network 30 The disconnect routine 6 164 920 13 330 is performed by the main controller 20 in response to either 1 the failure of a device 32 or 40 to transmit a status message to the main controller 20 within the timeout period described above or 2 a serious malfunction of a device 32 or 40 as determined at step 318 of FIG 13E Referring to FIG 13F at step 332 if the device 32 or 40 to be disconnected is local to the main controller 20 the program branches to step 334 where that device 32 or 40 is disconnected by the node controller 34g 34h 34i or 34j in the main controller 20 that is connected to that device 32 or 40 Referring to FIG 11 the disconnection is accomplished by transmitting a disable signal on the line 134 which will cause the controller 140 to open the switches 150 154 158 so that the data bus 152 and the power lines 120a 120b are disconnected At step 332 if the device to be disconnected is not local to the main controller 20 the program branches to step 336 where a disconnect message which includes the physical address of the node controller 34 of the device 32 or 40 to be disconnected is encoded and then to step 338 where the disconnect message is transmitted over the network 30 If the device to be disconnected is a pod 40 connected to an extender controller 32 via a node controller 34 when that extender controller 32 receives the disconnect message it decodes it to determ
4. the node controller 34a has a controller 140 which receives an enable signal or a disable signal from the extender controller 32a via one of the lines 134 and a periodic check in code from the adapter pod 40a via the line 133 The controller 140 is connected to a code generator 144 via a multi signal line 146 The code generator 144 generates a predetermined multi bit binary code that uniquely specifies the physical address of the node controller 34a The code generator 144 may be for example a number of printed metal circuit lines one line for each bit of the code each line being selectively connected either to 5 volts logic 1 or to ground logic 0 The controller 140 selectively operates a switch 150 that either connects or disconnects a data bus 152 which may be composed of two individual data lines that is part of the data power buses 30c 30d and the other buses 30 that make up the network When the switch 150 is open the data buses 30c 30d are disconnected and when the switch 150 is closed the buses 30c 30d are connected to enable data communications between the adapter pod 404 and the other devices connected to the network 30 The controller 140 also operates a switch 154 that controls whether 24 volt DC power relative to a ground line 120c on a electrical power line 120a is supplied to the adapter pod 40a and a switch 158 that controls whether 5 volt DC power on an electrical power line 120b is supplied to the
5. the program branches to step 444 where the extender controller 32 measures the voltages on and the current provided by the electrical power lines 1204 120b to make sure they are within specification At step 446 if the power measurements are not within specification the program branches to step 436 where a message to that effect is broadcast to the main controller 20 over the network 30 FIG 15B is a flowchart of a connect routine 450 per formed by an extender controller 32 when it receives a connect message from the main controller 20 Referring to FIG 15B at step 452 the connect message received from the main controller 20 is decoded to determine the physical address of the adapter pod 40 to be connected to the network 30 At step 454 the physical address is inspected to deter mine if the adapter pod 40 to be connected is local to the extender controller 32 meaning that the adapter pod 40 is one of the three that are connected to the extender controller 32 If the pod 40 is not local to the extender controller 32 no further action is taken and the routine 450 ends If the pod 40 is local to the extender controller 32 the program branches to step 456 where an enable signal is transmitted via one of the lines 134 to the node controller 34 associated with the adapter pod 40 to be connected which causes the adapter pod 40 to be connected to the network 30 in the manner described above When an extender controller 32 receives a disconn
6. 377 44 5 666 557 9 1997 Cassidy et al 395 828 5 303 348 4 1994 Botzenhardt et al 395 325 5 676 644 10 1997 Toavs et al 604 4 5 341 497 8 1994 395 575 5 357 518 10 1994 soe 374 112 OTHER PUBLICATIONS 5 387 122 2 1995 439 353 5 444 626 8 1995 364 431 04 Cobe Stockert Perfusion System Technical Handbook 5 448 180 9 1995 Kienzler et al 326 15 Cobe Laboratories Inc Rev A pp 1 1 1 33 2 1 2 66 5 448 561 9 1995 Kaiser et al mmrrrrororrvnvrerenn 370 85 1 3 1 3 93 4 1 4 105 and 5 1 5 29 undated prior art 5 493 515 2 1996 Batchelder et al 364 550 S 3 System Herz Lungen Maschine im Modularsystem 5 499 336 3 1996 Preis et al 395 182 02 Gebrauchsanweisung Table of Contents pp I XXL pp 5 510 989 4 1996 Zabler et al 364 424 05 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 28 3 1 3 14 4 1 4 22 5 1 5 262 5 513 288 4 1996 Mayer 385 30 f i a 5 524 213 6 1996 Dais et al 395 200 17 6 1 6 22 7 1 7 8 8 1 8 16 A 1 A 18 undated 5 539 778 7 1996 Kienzler et al 375 317 Sarns 3M Co Model 9000 Perfusion System Operation 5 564 108 10 1996 Hunsaker et al 395 800 Manual Sep 1995 6 164 920 Sheet 1 of 15 Dec 26 2000 U S Patent 40S 909 POS 205 gos 806 JS 9ZG 000 06 909 EZG f d Joos Jo M Na pos fog 10 uos 108 90 poe HATIOHLNOO
7. adapter pod 40a The electrical power lines 120a 120b are part of the data power buses 30c 30d and the other buses 30 that make up the network A resistor 162 is connected in parallel with the switch 154 and a resistor 164 is connected in parallel with the switch 158 The resistors 162 164 act as current limiting resistors which prevent large amounts of current from being drawn from the power lines 120a 120b when the switches 154 158 are open The controller 140 is connected to a driver circuit 170 which is used to transmit the physical address generated by the code generator 144 to the adapter pod 40a via the line 133 FIG 12 illustrates a block diagram of the adapter pod 40a shown schematically in FIG 1 Referring to FIG 12 the adapter pod 40a has a controller 180 which is powered by a power supply 182 connected to the electrical power lines 1204 1205 The controller 180 may transmit a check in code 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 6 on the line 133 via a driver 184 The controller 180 receives network messages from the data bus 152 and transmits messages onto the data bus 152 via a transceiver 186 The controller 180 is connected to a memory 188 and to a device interface circuit 190 The device interface circuit 190 has a plurality of data lines 192 and a plurality of electrical power lines 194 which are connected to the perfusion device 50a via the connector 84 FIG 7 The controller 180 c
8. connecting the perfusion devices to the electrical power network may include means for providing a relatively low level of electrical current means for providing a relatively high level of electrical current and means for selectively providing either the low level or high level of current The selective connecting means may also include a power input a power output a switch coupled between the power input and the power output and resistive means coupled between the power input and the power output The perfusion system may include a data communications network for operatively interconnecting the perfusion devices and means for trans mitting messages in the form of digital data packets among the perfusion devices over the data communications net work In another aspect the invention is directed to a perfusion system having a first sensing device for sensing a first condition and generating a first sensing signal relating to the first condition a second sensing device for sensing a second condition and generating a second sensing signal relating to the second condition and a perfusion device in the form of a control device for controlling a physical action such as the pumping of blood based on only one of the sensing signals 10 15 20 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 2 The perfusion system has means for specifying which one of the sensing signals is provided to the control device to control the physical action
9. controllers 32 and pods 40 must respond to the status request message is started Upon receiving the status request message each extender controller 32 and adapter pod 40 encodes a status message with its logical address and its status and then broadcasts the status message to the main controller 20 over the network 30 FIG 13E is a flowchart of a receive status routine 310 that is performed by the main controller 20 upon receipt of a status message transmitted to it in response to the status request message previously transmitted by the routine 300 Referring to FIG 13E at step 312 the logical address of the responding extender controller 32 or adapter pod 40 is determined from the status message and at step 314 the status of the device 32 or 40 is determined from the message The status may be specified by a number of different binary status codes At step 316 if the status of the device 32 or 40 is Okay the program simply ends However if the status is not okay the program branches to step 318 where it responds to a status condition identified by the status code If the condition is relatively minor the main controller 20 may simply generate a warning on the visual display 114 of the perfusion system 10 If the condition is serious enough the main controller 20 may disconnect the device 32 or 40 from the network 30 FIG 13F is a flowchart of a disconnect routine 330 that causes an extender controller 32 or an adapter pod 40 to be
10. line which 6 164 920 5 lines are schematically designated 120 in FIG 9 The electrical power and ground lines 120 are provided to each of four node controllers 34g 34j via a data power bus 30m and to the other node controllers 34 via the other portions of the network bus 30 The data power bus 30m includes a number of data communication lines which are connected to the network controller 106 FIG 10 is a block diagram of the extender controller 32a shown schematically in FIG 1 the design of the extender controllers 32a 32b is the same Referring to FIG 10 the extender controller 32a has a controller 130 and a switch 132 both of which are connected to the data power bus 30a The extender controller 32a is connected to its parent node controller 34g via a bidirec tional signal line 133 As used herein a parent device is a connected device that is closer to the network controller 106 FIG 9 of the main controller 20 The node controller 34g transmits a unique physical address to the extender control ler 32a via the line 133 and the extender controller 32a includes a driver circuit 135 which is used to periodically transmit a check in code to the node controller 34g via the line 133 The check in code and the physical address may be the same binary code FIG 11 illustrates a block diagram of the node controller 34a shown schematically in FIG 1 the design of all the node controllers 34 is the same Referring to FIG 11
11. to FIG 4 each adapter pod 40 has a hexahedral housing with one side 82 on which a connector 84 is disposed and an opposite side on which a connector 86 is disposed The connector 86 is identical to the connectors 72 described above and shown in FIG 6 The connector 84 is adapted to be connected to a device connector not shown that is associated with one of the perfusion devices 50 described above The connector 84 has a different connector configuration than the connectors 60 70 72 86 One example of the structure of the connector 84 is shown in FIG 7 to include six conductive pins 88 Since each of the adapter pods 40 is adapted to be connected to a different type of perfusion device 50 the pumps 50c 50g may be different types of pumps such as a roller pump or a centrifugal pump the connector 84 disposed on each of the adapter pods 40 may have a different connector configura tion Since the connectors 60 of the main controller 20 and the connectors 70 of the network extenders 22 have the same connector configuration as the connector 86 of the adapter pods 40 it should be noted that any of the adapter pods 40 may be plugged into any of the connectors 60 70 As a result any combination of perfusion devices 50 may be connected to the main controller 20 FIG 8 illustrates the main controller 20 having the network extenders 22 and the adapter pods 40 connected to it Each of the adapter pods 40 of FIG 8 would be connected to a
12. to LSB A 00000 00000000 cceccece cececece B 00000 00000001 ccccecce ccceccec C 00000 00000010 aaaaaaaa SSSSSSSS D 00000 00000100 eccecece SSSSSSSS E 00001 cecceccc cccecece dddddddd F 00010 ceccecec 66666666 SSSSSSSS G 10000 ccececee dddddddd dddddddd H 10001 cccccece ssssssss SSSSSSSS I 11111 11111111 11111111 11111111 In the above table the message types are listed from highest priority at the top to lowest priority at the bottom The type A message corresponds to a control message broadcast by the main controller 20 to all devices attached to the network data buses The data fields cccccece ececeeec are used to specify the type of message The type B message corresponds to a message broadcast by the main controller 20 to the extender controllers 32 The data fields ceeceece ceceeccc are used to specify the type of message The type C message corresponds to an alarm or safety message with the data field aaaaaaaa specifying an alarm type and the data field ssssssss specifying the logical address of the device which generated the alarm message The type D message corresponds to a servo message gen erated by a sensing device such as a flow sensor The data field cecececc specifies the type of sensed parameter e g flow and the data field ssssssss specifies the logical address of the sensor that generated the sensed parameter The type E message corresponds to a general message having a data f
13. to step 360 where a corre sponding alarm reset message which includes the logical address of the device that generated the alarm is encoded and to step 362 where the alarm reset message is broadcast over the network 30 At step 364 if the operator requests that the perfusion system 10 be reset the program branches to step 366 where a corresponding system reset message is encoded and to step 362 where the system reset message is broadcast over the network 30 Receipt of Network Messages by Main Controller During operation the main controller 20 receives mes sages of various types that are broadcast over the network 30 FIG 13H is a flowchart of a receive routine 370 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 14 performed by the main controller 20 that illustrates actions taken by the main controller 20 in response to the receipt of various types of messages Referring to FIG 13H at step 372 if the received message corresponds to an event message such as an alarm or other event the program branches to step 374 where the visual display generated on the display device 114 is updated to advise the operator of that event and the program branches to step 376 where the event is logged into an event log stored in the memory 104 of the main controller 20 At step 378 if the received message corresponds to a data message such as a message which includes the numeric value representing the output of a flow s
14. 16B 484 DISCONNECT DEVICE FROM DATA BUS 486 DISCONNECT DEVICE FROM FULL POWER FIG 16A U S Patent Dec 26 2000 520 PERFORM INTERNAL SELF TESTS START PERIODIC TRANSMISSION TO NODE CONTROLLER BROADCAST ERROR MESSAGE WAIT FOR PHYSICAL ADDRESS ALL TESTS PASSED Yes BROADCAST STARTUP REQUEST WAIT FOR STARTUP GRANTED MESSAGE WAIT FOR FULL POWER MEASURE VOLTAGES AND CURRENT 546 gs FIG 17A Sheet 15 of 15 550 POD STARTUP YA 6 164 920 RECEIVE DECODE MESSAGE 552 554 562 532 BROADCAST ALARM MESSAGE 564 Pe FIG 17C 572 READ SENSING SIGNAL 574 ENCODE MESSAGE WITH SENSING SIGNAL 576 BROADCAST MESSAGE FIG 17D 6 164 920 1 PERFUSION SYSTEM WITH CONTROL NETWORK BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a medical perfusion system adapted to handle the selective oxygenation filtering and recirculation of blood in connection with various medi cal procedures A conventional perfusion system may be used to oxygenate filter and or recirculate the blood of a patient during a medical procedure Such a perfusion system may have a fluid conduit that removes blood from the patient during the medical procedure a separate fluid conduit that returns blood to the patient one or more blood pumps that pump blood through the conduits and a plurality of sensing devices such as
15. 5 00 0 768 060 4 1997 European Pat Off 4618 5 215 24 55 229 5 1976 Germany A61M 1 03 WO 96 40322 12 1996 WIPO A61M 1 36 CONTROLLER OTHER PUBLICATIONS BOC Puts Ohmeda Health Care Business Up for Sale Medical Devices Diagnostics amp Instrumentation Reports The Gray Sheet vol 23 No 30 Jul 28 1997 Jostra HL20 User s Manual Jostra AB Sweden 120 pages undated Jostra HL20 Technical manual Sep 9 1994 46 pages Sarns 9000 Perfusion System Operators Manual Sep 1995 pp tv pp A C pp 1 1 1 11 2 12 11 3 13 11 4 1 4 10 5 1 5 7 6 1 6 9 7 1 7 6 8 1 8 6 9 1 9 4 10 1 10 4 11 1 11 3 12 1 12 4 13 1 13 2 14 1 14 3 15 1 16 1 16 4 17 1 17 14 18 1 18 6 19 1 19 19 20 1 20 56 including Additional Information insert 4 sheets and Index pp 21 1 21 4 3M Sars Modular Perfusion System 8000 Operators Manual May 1996 pp i v 1 1 1 22 2 1 2 14 3 1 3 10 4 14 10 5 1 5 2 6 1 6 2 7 1 7 5 8 1 8 4 9 1 9 9 10 1 10 68 and Index pp 11 1 11 3 List continued on next page Primary Examiner Charles G Freay Assistant Examiner Daniel E Moses Attorney Agent or Firm Eloise J Maki Stephen W Bauer Martin J Hirsch 57 ABSTRACT A medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient is provided with a first type of perfusion device in the form of a blood pump adapte
16. 6 164 920 11 must be granted permission to connect to the network 30 This connection is initiated with a startup request message transmitted to the main controller 20 by the adapter pod 40 for which the network connection is to be made The startup request message includes a first code identifying the type of perfusion device 50 connected to the pod 40 request ing to be connected and a second code identifying the physical address specified by the code generator 144 of FIG 11 of the pod 40 requesting to be connected FIG 13C is a flowchart of a startup routine 280 that is performed by the main controller 20 in response to the receipt of a startup request message from an adapter pod 40 The startup routine 280 may be an interrupt service routine which is invoked in response to an interrupt generated upon the receipt of a startup request message by the main con troller 20 Referring to FIG 13C at step 282 the startup message received by the main controller 20 is decoded to determine the type of the perfusion device 50 attached to the pod 40 requesting to be connected and to determine the physical address of the pod 40 At step 284 the program determines whether full power should be granted to the requesting pod 40 As described above electrical power to run the perfusion devices 50 is provided to the pods 40 via the network 30 from a power supply 118 FIG 9 in the main controller 20 Since the power available from the power suppl
17. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a medical perfusion system 10 in accordance with the invention The 6 164 920 3 perfusion system 10 is adapted to handle the selective oxygenation filtering and recirculation of blood in connec tion with a number of different medical procedures The perfusion system 10 may be placed in a number of different configurations each of which corresponds to a different medical procedure For example the perfusion system 10 may be configured as a full function heart lung machine a ventricular assist system or a single pump system that can be used for various purposes such as to perform blood aspiration or myocardial protection during surgery Referring to FIG 1 the main controller 20 is connected to a network extender 22a via a data power bus 30a and to a network extender 22b via a data power bus 30b The network extender 22a includes an extender controller 32a connected to three node controllers 34a 34b 34c via a data power bus 30c The node controller 34a is connected via a data power bus 30d to an adapter pod 40a which is in turn connected to a perfusion device 50 in the form of a flow sensor 504 via a bidirectional data power line 52a The node controller 34b is connected via a data power bus 30e to an adapter pod 40b which is connected to an air embolus sensor 50b via a bidirectional line 52b The node controller 34c is connected via a data pow
18. RESET MESSAGE BROADCAST SYSTEM RESET MESSAGE 6 164 920 U S Patent RECEIVE STARTUP REQUEST Dec 26 2000 Sheet 10 of 15 Fa UPDATE DISPLAY 374 UPDATE DISPLAY 380 UPDATE DISPLAY UPDATE DISPLAY 396 PROCESS MESSAGE 386 PROCESS REQUEST 394 FIG 13H 6 164 920 LOG STATUS U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 11 of 15 6 164 920 FIG 14A FIG 14B U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 12 of 15 6 164 920 420 EXTENDER STARTUP PERFORM INTERNAL 422 SELF TESTS 424 Yes TEST BUS 426 428 START PERIODIC TRANSMISSION TO NODE CONTROLLER 430 BROADCAST ERROR MESSAGE WAIT FOR 432 PHYSICAL ADDRESS 434 ALL TESTS PASSED BROADCAST 438 STARTUP REQUEST WAIT FOR STARTUP 440 GRANTED MESSAGE WAIT FOR 442 FULL POWER MEASURE VOLTAGES 444 AND CURRENT 446 de E FIG 15A Yes END U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 13 of 15 6 164 920 450 460 TRANSMIT ENABLE SIGNAL TRANSMIT DISABLE SIGNAL TO NODE CONTROLLER TO NODE CONTROLLER FIG 15B FIG 15C U S Patent Dec 26 2000 Sheet 14 of 15 6 164 920 470 a CODE VALID Yes 474 RESTART TIME OUT TIMER 476 TRANSMIT PHYSICAL ADDRESS 478 TIME OUT DISCONNECT DEVICE FROM DATA BUS DISCONNECT DEVICE FROM FULL POWER 492 CONNECT DEVICE TO DATA BUS 480 494 Yes 482 SUPPLY FULL POWER TO DEVICE FIG
19. US006164920A United States Patent 9 Nazarian et al 11 Patent Number 6 164 920 45 Date of Patent Dec 26 2000 54 PERFUSION SYSTEM WITH CONTROL NETWORK 75 Inventors Richard A Nazarian Golden Valley Dirk R Smith St Paul James R Watts Woodbury all of Minn Timothy J Kriewall Castle Rock Colo Richard A Griewski Canton Township Mich 73 Assignee Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company St Paul Minn 21 Appl No 08 722 980 22 Filed Sep 30 1996 BIP A O surre er a te F04B 41 06 52 USC iia 417 4 417 18 417 44 1 604 65 604 151 58 Field of Search 604 65 66 67 604 151 395 653 281 284 835 882 883 884 828 417 4 18 44 11 56 References Cited U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 4 722 224 2 1988 Scheller et al 73 599 4 769 001 9 1988 Prince 604 4 5 001 642 3 1991 Botzenhardt et al 364 431 12 5 059 167 10 1991 Lundquist et al 600 17 List continued on next page FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 0578 338 1 1994 European Pat Off A61M 1 16 0 609 688 8 1994 European Pat Off GO6F 15 42 0 690 291 3 1996 European Pat Off 0 705 610 4 1996 European Pat Off A61M 1 14 0 745 348 12 1996 European Pat Off A61B 5 00 0 748 609 12 1996 European Pat Off A61B 5 00 0 762 815 3 1997 European Pat Off HOSK
20. and a controller with an input device for accepting control commands from an operator The control device could be for example a blood pump which pumps blood through a fluid conduit and the sensing devices could be flow sensors or level sensors The speci fying means may be composed of message discrimination data stored in a memory in the perfusion system The perfusion system may also include a data communi cations network for operatively interconnecting the perfu sion devices and means for transmitting messages in the form of digital data packets among the perfusion devices over the data communications network In that case the specifying means could comprise means for comparing a portion of one of the sensing messages transmitted with the message discrimination data stored in the memory The messages could include sensing messages related to one of the sensing signals and non sensing messages not related to one of the sensing signals and the perfusion system could include means for assigning a relatively high priority to the sensing messages and a relatively low priority to the non sensing messages These and other features of the present invention will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detailed description of the preferred embodiments which is made with reference to the drawings a brief description of which is provided below BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG 1 is a block diagram of a preferre
21. auses various types of data signals to be transmitted to the perfusion device 50a via the data lines 192 Depending on the type of perfusion device 50 to which an adapter pod 40 is connected the signals on the data lines 192 might include for example digital or analog signals e g 4 20 ma signals relating to the control of the perfusion device 50 such as a desired pump speed or mode of operation The number of data lines 192 used depends on the particular perfusion device 50 to which the adapter pod 40 is connected The controller 180 also causes various types of electrical power to be transmitted to the perfusion device 50 via the power lines 194 These types of power include for example 5 volt DC power or 24 volt DC power If power of another voltage level is necessary the power supply circuit 182 may comprise a DC DC converter Configuration and Display of Perfusion Circuit Prior to using the perfusion system 10 for a medical procedure the operator connects the desired perfusion devices 50 to the main controller 20 by physically connect ing the desired adapter pods 40 and or network extenders 22 to the main controller 20 as shown in FIG 8 Prior to the commencement of a medical procedure the perfusion system 10 is configured during a configuration process illustrated in FIG 13A which is a flowchart of a configuration computer program routine 200 executed by the main controller 20 Referring to FIG 13A at step 202 the
22. d embodiment of a perfusion system in accordance with the invention FIG 2 is a perspective view of the main controller shown schematically in FIG 1 FIG 3 is a perspective view of one of the network extenders shown schematically in FIG 1 FIG 4 is a perspective view of one of the adapter pods shown schematically in FIG 1 FIGS 5 7 illustrate a number of connector configura tions FIG 8 is a perspective view of the main controller shown schematically in FIG 1 with two network extenders and eight adapter pods plugged therein FIG 9 is a block diagram of the main controller shown schematically in FIG 1 FIG 10 is a block diagram of one of the extender controllers shown schematically in FIG 1 FIG 11 is a block diagram of one of the node controllers shown schematically in FIG 1 FIG 12 is a block diagram of one of the adapter pods shown schematically in FIG 1 FIGS 13A 13H are flowcharts illustrating the operation of the main controller shown in FIG 1 FIGS 14A 14B are exemplary illustrations of a pair of perfusion circuit images generated on the display device of FIG 9 during operation of the perfusion system FIGS 15A 15C are flowcharts illustrating the operation of the extender controllers shown in FIG 1 FIGS 16A 16B are flowcharts illustrating the operation of the node controllers shown in FIG 1 and FIGS 17A 17D are flowcharts illustrating the operation of the adapter pods shown in FIG 1 DETAILED
23. d to pump blood through a fluid conduit connected to the patient and a second type of perfusion device in the form of a sensing device adapted to sense a condition and generate a sensing signal relating to the condition The perfusion sys tem also includes an electrical power network having an electrical power line means for selectively connecting the perfusion devices to the electrical power network and a controller with an input device for accepting control com mands from an operator The perfusion system could also include a control device such as a pump a plurality of sensing devices and means for specifying the sensing device that the control device should be accept feedback from 20 Claims 15 Drawing Sheets 52h 50h LEVEL SENSOR 30K POD T gt PUMP AIR SENSOR FME TEMPERATURE SENSOR OCCLUDER 50b 900 Nod 50e sor 6 164 920 Page 2 U S PATENT DOCUMENTS 5 572 658 11 1996 Mohr et al 395 182 02 5 609 770 3 1997 Zimmerman et al cm 210 739 5 105 441 4 1992 Borst et al 375 17 5 622 429 4 1997 Heinze 395 200 5 111 460 5 1992 Botzenhardt et al 371 29 1 5 627 531 5 1997 Posso et al 341 22 5 216 674 6 1993 Peter et al 371 29 5 5 653 887 8 1997 Wahl et al 210 745 5 222 110 6 1993 Holzinger et al
24. e sensed condition such as a flow reading of 0 257 liters per minute The main controller 20 the extender controllers 32 and the adapter pods 40 may include conventional electronics for checking the accuracy of received messages via the CRC field requesting retransmission of messages that were not accurately received and for transmitting acknowledgement messages in response to the receipt of accurately received messages The messages described above may be transmitted or broadcast to all the devices connected to the network 30 Each device such as a pod 40 or an extender controller 32 can discriminate by receiving only certain messages that are broadcast For example this discrimination could be accom plished by accessing a message discrimination memory in the receiving device which stores the logical addresses of all other the devices in which the receiving device is interested For example if the receiving device is the adapter pod 40c connected to the blood pump 50c which controls the flow of blood through a conduit based on receiving a feedback signal from the flow sensor 50a the message discrimination memory of the pod 40c would include the logical address of the flow sensor 50a so that the pod 40c would receive any message generated by the pod 40a connected to the flow sensor 50a The message discrimination memory would include logi cal address of the main controller 20 and could include the logical addresses of a number of o
25. ect message from the main controller 20 a disconnect routine 460 shown in FIG 15C is performed by the extender controller 32 Referring to FIG 15C at step 462 the disconnect message received from the main controller 20 is decoded to determine the physical address of the adapter pod 40 to be disconnected to the network 30 At step 464 the physical address is inspected to determine if the adapter pod 40 to be disconnected is local to the extender controller 32 If the pod 40 is not local no further action is taken If the pod 40 is local the program branches to step 466 where a disable signal is transmitted via one of the lines 134 to the node controller 34 associated with the adapter pod 40 to be disconnected which causes the adapter pod 40 to be dis connected to the network 30 Operation of Node Controllers The basic function of the node controllers 34 is to connect and disconnect the adapter pods 40 if a node controller 34 is the parent of an adapter pod 40 and the extender controllers 32 if a node controller 34 is the parent of an extender controller 32 from the network 30 The connection or disconnection is performed pursuant to an enable or disable signal received either from the main controller 20 or from the extender controller 32 associated with the node controller 34 as described above In addition each node controller 34 requires its associated device 32 or 40 to periodically check in If the device 32 or 40 fails to chec
26. ensor the program branches to step 380 where the visual display is updated and the program branches to step 382 where the data and the device which generated the data are logged into a data log stored in the memory 104 of the main controller 20 At step 384 if the received message is a status message the program branches to step 386 where the status message is processed as described above in connection with FIG 13E At step 388 the visual display is updated based on the status and at step 390 the status is stored in a status log stored in memory At step 392 if the received message is a startup request the program branches to step 394 where the startup request is processed as described above in connec tion with FIG 13C and at step 396 the visual display is updated Operation of Extender Controllers A basic function of the extender controllers 32 is to control the connection and disconnection of adapter pods 40 to the network 30 FIG 15A is a flowchart of a startup routine 420 performed by the controller 130 of each extender controller 32 Referring to FIG 15A at step 422 the extender controller 32 performs a number of internal self tests such as tests of an internal RAM and an internal ROM At step 424 if the tests were successful the program branches to step 426 where the connection of the extender controller 32 to the network bus 30 is tested by transmitting a message onto the network bus 30 and simultaneously receiving t
27. ents FIG 2 is a perspective view of a portion of one mechani cal embodiment of the main controller 20 Referring to FIG 2 the main controller 20 has four network connectors 60 which are shown schematically Each of the network con nectors 60 is identical and has the same connector configu ration FIG 5 illustrates the structure of the connectors 60 As shown in FIG 5 each connector 60 may be for example a standard personal computer connector having nine con ductive pins 62 partially surround ed by an a symmetrical metal housing 64 FIG 3 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the network extenders 22 shown schematically in FIG 1 Each network extender 22 has a hexahedral housing 66 with one side 68 on which three connectors 70 are disposed and an opposite side on which a connector 72 is disposed Each 10 20 25 40 45 50 55 60 4 connector 70 is identical to the connectors 60 and has the structure shown in FIG 5 The connector 72 which is shown in FIG 6 has nine pin receptacles 74 formed in an asym metrical housing 76 composed of an insulating material such as plastic The pin receptacles 74 are located to correspond to the positions of the nine pins 62 of the connector 60 Consequently the connector 72 has the same connector configuration as the connector 60 and thus can be plugged into the connector 60 FIG 4 is a perspective view of the adapter pods 40 shown schematically in FIG 1 Referring
28. er bus 30f to an adapter pod 40c which is connected to a blood pump 50c via a bidirec tional line 52c The network extender 22b includes an extender controller 32b connected to three node controllers 34d 34e 34f via a data power bus 30g The node controller 34d is connected via a data power bus 30 to an adapter pod 40d which is connected to a pressure sensor 50d via a bidirectional line 52d The node controller 34e is connected via a data power bus 30 to an adapter pod 40e which is connected to a temperature sensor 50e via a bidirectional line 52e The node controller 34f is connected via a data power bus 30j to an adapter pod 40f which is connected to a flow occluder 50f via a bidirectional line 52 The main controller 20 is operatively coupled to a blood pump 50g via a bidirectional line 52g connected to an adapter pod 40g The pod 40g is connected to the main controller 20 via a data power bus 30k The main controller 20 is operatively coupled to a level sensor 50 via a bidirectional line 52h connected to an adapter pod 404 which is connected to the main controller 20 via a data power bus 30 As used herein the term perfusion device is a device designed to be used in a medical perfusion system including but not limited to a blood pump such as a centrifugal or roller pump a flow sensor a pressure sensor a temperature sensor a level sensor an air embolus sensor or an occluder Mechanical Structure of Network Compon
29. f the network 30 is sixteen devices the logical address may be a four bit binary code At step 288 a startup granted message which includes the logical address is encoded and at step 290 the startup granted message is transmitted over the network 30 At step 292 if the pod 40 which requested startup is local to the main controller 20 i e if it is one of the pods 40g or 407 directly connected to the main controller 20 without a network extender 22 full power to the pod 40 is enabled via the local node controller i e one of the node controllers 34 34 of FIG 9 connected to the perfusion device 50 Referring to FIG 11 this is accomplished by sending an enable signal on the line 134 which will cause the controller 140 to close the switches 150 154 158 so that full power is 10 15 20 25 30 35 45 50 55 60 65 12 supplied on the power lines 120a 120b and so that the adapter pod 40 is connected to the data bus 152 Referring to FIG 13C if the perfusion device was not local device as determined at step 292 the program branches to step 296 where a connect message which includes the physical address of the node controller 34 associated with the pod 40 requesting startup is encoded and then to step 298 where the connect message is transmitted over the network 30 As described below when the extender con trollers 32 receive the connect message they decode it to determine the physical address and t
30. flow sensors and or level sensors associated with blood pumps The perfusion system may also include air embolus sensors temperature sensors flow occluders etc Typically a perfusion system is provided with a configu ration specifically designed to be used for a particular purpose For example one perfusion system may be spe cifically designed as a full function heart lung machine while another perfusion system may be specifically designed as a ventricular assist system Although it may be possible to convert a perfusion system designed for one purpose to a perfusion system usable for a different purpose such recon figuration is generally difficult and or time consuming SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention is directed to a medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient In one form of the invention the perfusion system includes a first type of perfusion device in the form of a blood pump adapted to pump blood through a fluid conduit connected to the patient and a second type of perfusion device in the form of a sensing device adapted to sense a condition and generate a sensing signal relating to the condition The perfusion system has an electrical power network with an electrical power line means for selectively connecting the perfusion devices to the electrical power network and a controller with an input device for accepting control commands from an operator The means for selectively
31. he adapter pod 40 performs a number of internal self tests such as tests of an internal RAM and an internal ROM At step 524 if the tests were successful the program branches to step 526 where the connection of the pod 40 to the data bus 152 is tested by transmitting a message onto the data bus 152 and simultaneously receiving the message from the data bus 152 as it is transmitted to determine if the message was in fact transmitted At step 528 if the data bus test was successful the program branches to step 530 where the adapter pod 40 starts to periodically transmit a check in code to its parent node controller 34 via the line 133 At step 532 the pod 40 waits for its physical address to be transmitted to it from its parent node controller 34 At step 534 if not all of the tests performed at steps 522 and 526 were passed an error message is broadcast over the network 30 The error mes sage includes the physical address of the pod 40 and a binary code which specifies which test s were not passed If all tests were passed the program branches to step 538 where a startup request message containing the physical address of the adapter pod 40 is encoded and broadcast over the network 30 At step 540 the program waits until a startup granted message is received from the main controller 20 and then at step 542 the program waits until full power is granted to the adapter pod 40 via the electrical power lines 1204 1200 of its parent node contr
32. he extender controller 32 connected to the node controller 34 having that physical address i e the node controller 34 associated with the requesting pod 40 turns on full power by transmitting an enable signal on the line 134 connected to that node con troller Status Requests During operation of the perfusion system 10 to ensure that all devices connected to the network 30 are properly functioning and are receiving messages broadcast over the network 30 the main controller 20 periodically transmits a status request message to all extender controllers 32 and adapter pods 40 on the network 30 Each extender controller 32 and adapter pod 40 must respond to the status request within a predetermined period of time Any extender con troller 32 or pod 40 that fails to respond to the status request within that time period is disconnected from the network 30 and a corresponding alarm message is generated on the visual display 114 to warn the operator of such event FIG 13D is a flowchart of a status request routine 300 periodically performed by the main controller 20 Referring to FIG 13D at step 302 a status request message is encoded and at step 304 the message is broadcast to all extender controllers 32 and adapter pods 40 connected to the network 30 As described above the status request message may simply be all logical 1 in the arbitration of the data packet At step 306 a predetermined time out period within which all extender
33. he message from the network bus 30 as it is transmitted to determine if the message was in fact trans mitted At step 428 if the data bus test was successful the program branches to step 430 where the extender controller 32 starts to periodically transmit a check in code to its parent node controller 34 via the line 133 As described below each device either an adapter pod 40 or an extender controller 32 must periodically transmit a check in code to its parent node controller 34 to maintain its connection to the network 30 At step 432 the extender controller 32 waits for its physical address to be transmitted to it from its parent node controller 34 At step 434 if not all of the tests performed at steps 422 and 426 were passed an error message is broad cast over the network 30 The error message includes the physical address of the extender controller 32 and a binary code which specifies which test s were not passed If all tests were passed the program branches to step 438 where a startup request message containing the physical address of the extender controller 32 is encoded and broad cast over the network 30 At step 440 the program waits until a startup granted message is received from the main controller 20 and then at step 442 the program waits until full power is granted to the extender controller 32 via the electrical power lines 120a 120b of its parent node control 6 164 920 15 ler 34 When full power is granted
34. he option of displaying data for the perfusion devices as determined at step 226 the program branches to step 228 where it checks to determine whether there is data available to display Such data could include for example the manufacturers and model numbers of the perfusion devices If there is data available as determined at step 228 the program branches to step 230 where the data is displayed next to the perfusion devices in the perfusion circuit Connecting Perfusion Devices The main controller 20 may utilize a plug in procedure to accommodate perfusion devices 50 that are subsequently connected to the perfusion system 10 FIG 13B is a flow chart of a plug in routine 260 performed by the main controller 20 During the plug in routine the main controller 20 may operate in an automatic match mode in which it can match a previously entered device configuration with a perfusion device that is subsequently connected to the main controller 20 For example a operator may configure a centrifugal blood pump not yet connected to the main controller 20 to operate in a continuous mode to continu ously pump a predetermined flow When the blood pump is subsequently connected to the controller 20 the controller 20 will then automatically match the previously stored pump configuration with the pump Referring to FIG 13B at step 262 if the main controller 20 is in the automatic match mode the program branches to step 264 where it determines
35. id controller being adapted to selectively disconnect said one perfusion device from said electri cal power network based upon said status signal 11 Asystem as defined in claim 10 wherein said electrical power network includes a switch between said source of electrical power and said one perfusion device and wherein said controller causes said switch to open if said controller determines that said one perfusion device should be discon nected from said electrical power network 12 A system as defined in claim 10 wherein said con troller is adapted to disconnect said one perfusion device if said one perfusion device has not transmitted a check in signal to said controller within a predetermined period of time 13 A system as defined in claim 10 wherein said con troller is adapted to disconnect said one perfusion device from said electrical power network if said one perfusion device transmits a signal to said controller indicating a malfunction of said one perfusion device 14 A medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient comprising 10 20 25 35 45 20 a first perfusion device comprising a first sensing device for sensing a first condition and generating a first sensing signal relating to said first condition a second perfusion device comprising a second sensing device for sensing a second condition and generating a second sensing signal relating to said second condition a
36. ield ceceecec ccececce which specifies the type of message and a data field dddddddd which specifies the logical address of the intended destination of the mes sage The type F message corresponds to a general message having a data field cceccece cceeccce which specifies the type of message and a data field ssssssss which specifies the logical address of the source of the message The type G message corresponds to a general message having a data field cccccccc which specifies the type of message and a data field dddddddd dddddddd which specifies the physical address of the intended destination of the message The type H message corresponds to a general message having a data field cececccc which specifies the type of message and a data field ssssssss ssssssss which 10 15 20 25 30 50 55 60 65 10 specifies the physical address of the source of the message The type I message which is all logical 1 corresponds to a status request from the main controller 20 that is periodi cally broadcast to all devices connected to the network data buses Some of the message types described above are transmit ted without any data fields For example the status request message from the main controller 20 would not have a data field Other messages would include data fields For example the servo message type D above would include a data field which specified the numeric value of th
37. ine the physical address of the pod 40 to be disconnected and the node controller 34 associated with that pod 40 disconnects the pod 40 by transmitting a disable signal on the line 134 connected to that node controller 34 Operator Commands Input to Main Controller During operation of the perfusion system 10 during a medical procedure the main controller 20 responds to various commands and other inputs entered by the operator of the system 10 FIG 13G is a flowchart of a control command routine 350 which illustrates how the main con troller 20 responds to those inputs While FIG 13G discloses various possible operator inputs it should be understood that the main controller 20 could respond to other or additional operator inputs Referring to FIG 13G at step 352 if the input entered by the operator was a control command the program branches to step 354 where a control message corresponding to the control command is encoded in a data packet and then to step 356 where the control message is broadcast over the network 30 For example the control message could be one of the following 1 a new alarm limit for a particular sensing device 2 a new mode of operation for a blood pump 3 a new target flow value for a blood pump 4 a new rate at which a particular sensing device should be read 5 a pump start command 6 a pump stop command etc At step 358 if the operator requests that a particular alarm be reset the program branches
38. instead of having electrical power being distributed over the network from a single power source provided in the main controller 20 electrical power could be distributed from a plurality of power sources for example from one power source provided in each of the network extenders Since numerous additional modifications and alternative embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the foregoing description the above description is to be construed as illustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled in the art the best mode of carrying out the invention The details of the structure may be varied substantially without departing from the spirit of the invention and the exclusive use of all modifications which come within the scope of the appended claims is reserved 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 18 What is claimed is 1 medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient comprising a first perfusion device comprising a blood pump adapted to pump blood through a fluid conduit connected to the patient a second perfusion device a source of electrical power an electrical power network coupled to said source of electrical power and said perfusion devices and a controller adapted to determine whether or not electrical power should be provided to a perfusion device cur rently unconnected to said elec
39. k in with a proper check in code the node controller 34 discon nects the device 32 or 40 from the network 30 FIG 16A is a flowchart of a node routine 470 performed by each of the node controllers 34 The routine 470 is performed upon the receipt by the node controller 34 of a check in code received from the associated device 32 or 40 Referring to FIG 16A at step 472 if the code received from the device 32 or 40 is not valid no further action is taken and the routine ends The check in code may be the physical address specified by the code generator 144 FIG 11 of the node controller 34 To determine whether the code is valid the node controller 34 may compare the received code to determine whether it matches a predetermined code 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 16 If the check in code was valid the program branches to step 474 where a time out timer is restarted The time out timer tracks the predetermined period of time within which the device 32 or 40 must transmit a valid check in code At step 476 the node controller 34 transmits the physical address generated by the code generator 144 to the pod 40 At step 478 the node controller 34 connects the device 32 or 40 to the data bus 152 FIG 11 by sending a signal to the switch 150 which causes it to close or remain closed if it was already closed At step 480 if the enable signal is present on the line 134 connected to the node contro
40. ller 34 the node controller 34 supplies full power to the device 32 or 40 by sending signals to the switches 154 158 FIG 11 to cause them to close or remain closed if they were already closed If the enable signal was not present as determined at step 480 the program branches to step 484 where the device 32 or 40 is disconnected from the data bus 152 by opening the switch 150 and to step 484 where the device 32 or 40 is disconnected from the electrical power lines 120a 120b by opening the switches 154 158 If the device 32 or 40 fails to transmit a valid check in code to the node controller 34 within the time out period a time out routine 490 shown in FIG 16B is performed by the node controller 34 Referring to FIG 16B at step 492 the device 32 or 40 is disconnected from the data bus 152 by opening the switch 150 and at step 494 the device 32 or 40 is disconnected from the electrical power lines 1204 120b by opening the switches 154 158 Operation of Adapter Pods The adapter pods 40 perform a number of functions including receiving configuration and control messages transmitted by the main controller 20 receiving sensing messages containing numeric values of sensed conditions such as flow and or transmitting sensing messages over the network 30 These functions are described below FIG 17A is a flowchart of a startup routine 520 performed by the controller 180 of each adapter pod 40 Referring to FIG 17A at step 522 t
41. ntrol devices that can be connected to said electrical power network 5 A system as defined in claim 1 wherein a number of pumps are connected to receive power from said electrical power network and wherein said controller determines whether or not electrical power should be provided to a pump currently unconnected to said electrical power net work based on said number of pumps connected to said electrical power network and a maximum number of pumps that can be connected to said electrical power network 6 Asystem as defined in claim 1 additionally comprising means for providing a relatively low level of electrical current means for providing a relatively high level of electrical current and means for selectively providing either said relatively low level of electrical current or said relatively high level of electrical current 7 A system as defined in claim 1 additionally comprising an adapter pod having a power supply circuit connected to said electrical power network said power supply circuit being adapted to convert electrical power provided by said electrical power network to another form of electrical power 8 A medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient comprising a perfusion device said perfusion device being adapted to generate a startup request signal 6 164 920 19 a source of electrical power an electrical power network coupled to said source of electrical powe
42. olled to maintain a predetermined level of fluid within the reservoir and in the latter case the pump 50g could be controlled to maintain a 6 164 920 7 predetermined flow through the conduit Any type of con ventional feedback control could be used such as proportional integral PI orproportional integral derivative PID control Where it is desired to control the pump 50g based on the output of the level sensor 50 the association of the pump 50g with the level sensor 50 would be stored in the configuration file Referring to FIG 13A if the operator requested the loading of a configuration file at step 202 the program branches to step 204 where the operator is prompted to select one of those configuration files If the operator did not want to retrieve a previously stored configuration file the pro gram branches to step 206 where the operator selects one of a predetermined number of types of perfusion circuit images Each perfusion circuit image could correspond to the perfusion circuit that would be utilized for a different medical procedure Two different types of perfusion circuit images are illustrated in FIGS 14A 14B described below At step 208 either the perfusion circuit image corre sponding to the configuration file selected at step 204 or the perfusion circuit image selected at step 206 is displayed on the display 114 A pair of exemplary perfusion circuit images that may be displayed on the display 114 are illust
43. oller 34 When full power is granted the program branches to step 544 where the pod 6 164 920 17 40 measures the voltages on and the current provided by the electrical power lines 1204 120b to make sure they are within specification At step 546 if the power measurements are not within specification the program branches to step 536 where a message to that effect is broadcast to the main controller 20 over the network 30 During operation an adapter pod 40 may receive control or configuration messages from the main controller 20 over the network FIG 17B is a flowchart of a receive routine 550 that is performed when the adapter pod 40 receives a message Referring to FIG 17B at step 552 the message is decoded to determine the control command embedded in the message and at step 554 the pod 40 transmits a control signal via one or more of the data lines 192 in FIG 12 to the perfusion device 50 connected to it During operation an adapter pod 40 may receive an alarm signal from the perfusion device 50 via one of the data lines 192 When such an alarm signal is received an alarm routine 560 shown in FIG 17C is performed by the pod 40 Referring to FIG 17C at step 562 an alarm message is encoded with the logical address of the perfusion device 50 that generated the alarm and the type of alarm and at step 564 the alarm message is broadcast over the network 30 to the main controller 20 During operation each adapter pod 40 c
44. onnected to a perfusion device 50 such as a flow sensor which generates a sensing signal periodically reads the numeric value of the sensing signal via one of the lines 152 The time period between successive readings of the sensing signal may be specified during the configuration process as described above FIG 17D is a flowchart of a sensing routine 570 that is performed when it is time to read the value of the sensing signal Referring to FIG 17D at step 572 the sensing signal is read via one of the data lines 152 At step 574 the numeric value of the sensing signal is encoded in a message along with the logical address of the perfusion device 50 which generated the sensing signal At step 576 that message is then broadcast over the network 30 to all devices connected to the network 30 As described above each adapter pod 40 connected to the network 30 may be provided with a message discrimination circuit which is used to selectively receive messages from only a subset of the devices connected to the network 30 When the sensing message is broadcast at step 576 the only devices that receive it are the main controller 20 which may receive all messages broadcast over the network 30 and the particular perfusion device 50 which is being controlled based on the value of the sensing signal encoded in the sensing message It should be understood that the adapter pods may be provided with additional functionality not described above Also
45. p 276 where the operator enters the desired configuration parameters for the device The program then performs steps 268 and 270 described above Network Communications The network controller 106 FIG 2 in the main controller 20 which may be a conventional network controller such as 6 164 920 9 a CAN Version 2 0B oversees the data flow on the network buses 30 each of which includes the data bus 152 which may be composed of two wires on which digital data packets are transmitted and received The data packets may have a conventional format composed of the following data fields 1 a start of frame SOF field 2 an arbitration field 3 a control field 4 a variable length data field 5 an error detection correction field such as a cyclic redundancy check CRC field 6 an acknowledgement ACK field and 7 an end of frame EOF field The arbitration field which may be a 29 bit field is used to determine the priority of the data packets broadcast over the network bus 30 The priority is based on the overall numeric value of the arbitration field of the data packets In the event of a conflict in the transmission of two data packets the data packet having the arbitration field with a lower numeric value takes priority The arbitration fields which contain a message identification ID code specifying the type of message of a number of different data packet types that may be used are listed below Type Message ID MSB
46. program generates a visual prompt to the operator to request whether a previous configuration file should be loaded from the memory 104 of the main controller 20 A configuration file generally includes image data corresponding to an image of a perfusion circuit which may include an outline of the patient images of a plurality of fluid conduits connected to the patient and images of the various perfusion devices 50 used in the system 10 Each perfusion device 50 may be represented by a different image depending upon the type of perfusion device For example pumps may be represented by a pump image whereas a flow sensor may have a different image The configuration file may also include data relating to the perfusion devices 50 such as the manufacturer and model number of the device the desired operational mode of the device numeric limits at which an alarm should be triggered and identification of any associated perfusion device Two perfusion devices may be associated if one device that is used to control a physical process referred to herein as a control device is to receive feedback from another perfusion device referred to herein as a sensing device For example referring to FIG 1 the pump 50g could be controlled based on feedback generated by either the level sensor 50 which would generate a signal indicative of fluid level within a fluid reservoir or the flow sensor 50a In the former case the pump 50g could be contr
47. r and a controller coupled to receive said startup request signal from said perfusion device said controller being adapted to cause said perfusion device to be provided with electrical power from said source of electrical power in response to receiving said startup request signal by causing said perfusion device to be connected to said electrical power network 9 A system as defined in claim 8 wherein said controller is additionally adapted to determine whether or not electrical power should be provided to said perfusion device in response to receiving said startup request signal and to provide electrical power to said perfusion device via said electrical power network if said controller determines that electrical power should be provided to said perfusion device 10 A medical perfusion system for use in connection with the medical treatment of a patient comprising a first perfusion device comprising a blood pump adapted to pump blood through a fluid conduit connected to the patient a second perfusion device a source of electrical power an electrical power network coupled to said source of electrical power and said perfusion devices and a controller associated with said first and second perfusion devices said controller being adapted to determine if one of said perfusion devices should be disconnected from said electrical power network based upon a status signal transmitted by said one perfusion device to said controller sa
48. rated in FIGS 14A and 14B Referring to FIG 14A an image 232 of a perfusion circuit corresponding to a left ventricle assist device LVAD con figuration is shown The perfusion circuit image 232 includes a patient image 234 an image 236 of a fluid conduit which removes blood from the left ventricle of the patient an image 238 of a pump an image 240 of a fluid conduit which returns blood to the aorta of the patient an image 242 of a flow occluder an image 244 of a temperature sensor and a pair of images 246 of an air embolus sensor Referring to FIG 14B an image 248 of a perfusion circuit corresponding to a bi ventricular assist device Bi VAD configuration is shown The perfusion circuit image 248 includes all of the images shown in FIG 14A as well as an image 250 of a second blood pump an image 252 of a conduit which removes blood from right ventricle of the patient and an image 254 of a conduit that returns blood to the pulmonary artery of the patient Each of the perfusion circuit images illustrated in FIGS 14A 14B could be pre stored in the memory 104 of the main controller 20 in addition to other types of perfusion circuit images At step 210 the operator may select one of a number of configuration options to change the configuration of the perfusion system 10 If the operator selects the option of adding a perfusion device 50 as determined at step 212 the program branches to step 214 where the operator is prompted to
49. respective one of the perfusion devices 50 shown in FIG 1 via a respective connector not shown attached to the perfusion device 50 by a cable Although the form of the network extenders 22 shown in FIGS 3 and 8 makes the resulting control unit compact network extenders having different structures could be used For example instead of having the connector 72 fixed on the housing 66 the connector 72 could be connected to the housing 66 via a cable Alternatively the housing 66 could be eliminated and the connectors 70 72 could be intercon nected via cables Electronics FIG 9 is a block diagram of the main controller 20 shown schematically in FIG 1 Referring to FIG 9 the main controller 20 has a microprocessor MP 100 a random access memory RAM 102 a nonvolatile memory 104 such as a hard disk or a flash RAM a network controller 106 a drawing controller 108 and an input output 1 0 circuit 110 all of which are interconnected by an address data bus 112 The I O circuit 110 is connected to a display device 114 such as a CRT or a flat panel display and an input device 116 such as a keyboard or electronic mouse or a touch screen on the display device 114 The main controller 20 also includes a power supply circuit 118 that is connected to an outside source of AC power and which includes an internal transformer not shown that generates 5 volt and 24 volt DC power on a pair of electrical power lines relative to a ground
50. select a type of perfusion device 50 such as a pump or a flow sensor to add to the perfusion circuit image displayed on the display 114 At step 216 the operator selects the position at which an image of the newly selected perfusion device 50 will be displayed This position could be specified by the operator via an electronic mouse and the displayed perfusion circuit image could include a number of possible connection points 256 FIG 14A at which the perfusion device 50 could be connected The possible connection points 256 could be highlighted such as by placing them in a bold color or making them blink on and off so that the possible connec tion points 256 are readily apparent to the operator After the operator selects the position at step 218 an image of the perfusion device is displayed in the perfusion circuit image at that position If the operator selected the option of configuring one of the perfusion devices as determined at step 220 the program 10 15 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 8 branches to step 222 where the current configuration of the perfusion device 50 is displayed next to the image of the device in the perfusion circuit As noted above the current configuration could include the mode of operation of the perfusion device alarm limits for the device any associated perfusion devices etc At step 224 the operator may change or add to the current configuration If the operator selected t
51. t related to one of said sensing signals and wherein said specifying means comprises message discrimination data stored in a memory and means for comparing a portion of one of said sensing messages transmitted to said control device with said message discrimination data stored in said memory 20 A system as defined in claim 19 wherein said mes sages include sensing messages related to one of said sensing signals and non sensing messages not related to one of said sensing signals and wherein said system additionally comprises means for assigning a first priority to said sensing messages and a second priority to said non sensing messages said second priority being lower than said first priority
52. ther pods 40 Consequently it should be noted that it is not necessary that messages broadcast over the network 30 include a specific destination address although a destination address may be included The pods 40 and extender controllers 32 could also discriminate messages based on the type of message instead of the identity of the sender For example a pod 40 could receive all status request messages and configuration mes sages described below The message identification codes for such messages could also be stored in the message discrimination memory Before use of the perfusion system 10 for a medical procedure and after all the perfusion devices 50 are con figured as described above data packets containing configu ration messages are transmitted to all the pods 40 connected to the network 30 The configuration messages include all the necessary configuration data described above For example for a blood pump the configuration data would include the operational mode of the pump the desired flow rate of the pump etc If any configuration messages which include device association data e g the sensor which a blood pump should receive feedback from were received by a pod 40 the message discrimination memory would be updated with the logical address of the associated device Connecting Pods to the Network In order for them to communicate with the main controller 20 via the network data power buses 30 the adapter pods 40
53. third perfusion device comprising a control device for controlling a physical action based on only one of said sensing signals means for specifying which one of said sensing signals is provided to said control device to control said physical action and a controller operatively coupled to said perfusion devices said controller having an input device for accepting control commands relating to said perfusion devices from an operator 15 A system as defined in claim 14 wherein said first perfusion device comprises a flow sensor and wherein said third perfusion device comprises a pump 16 A system as defined in claim 14 wherein said third perfusion device comprises a pump and wherein said physi cal action comprises pumping liquid through a conduit 17 A system as defined in claim 14 wherein said speci fying means comprises message discrimination data stored in a memory 18 A system as defined in claim 14 additionally com prising a network operatively interconnecting said perfusion devices said network comprising a data communica tions network having a plurality of data communication lines operatively coupled to each of said perfusion devices and means for transmitting messages in the form of digital data packets among said perfusion devices over said data communications network 19 A system as defined in claim 18 wherein said mes sages include sensing messages related to one of said sensing signals and non sensing messages no
54. trical power network and to provide electrical power to said unconnected perfusion device via said electrical power network if said controller determines that electrical power should be provided to said unconnected perfusion device 2 A system as defined in claim 1 wherein said electrical power network includes a switch between said source of electrical power and said unconnected perfusion device and wherein said controller causes said switch to close if said controller determines that electrical power should be pro vided to said unconnected perfusion device 3 A system as defined in claim 1 wherein a number of perfusion devices are connected to receive power from said electrical power network and wherein said controller deter mines whether or not electrical power should be provided to a perfusion device currently unconnected to said electrical power network based on said number of perfusion devices connected to said electrical power network and a maximum number of perfusion devices that can be connected to said electrical power network 4 A system as defined in claim 1 wherein a number of control devices are connected to receive power from said electrical power network and wherein said controller deter mines whether or not electrical power should be provided to a control device currently unconnected to said electrical power network based on said number of control devices connected to said electrical power network and a maximum number of co
55. whether there is only one possible match between the perfusion device just connected and the previously stored device configurations This would be the case where there is only one previously stored configuration for a pump and where the device that was just connected to the main controller 20 was a pump If there was only one possible match as determined at step 264 the program branches to step 266 where it determines whether the position at which the device is to be displayed in the perfusion circuit image is known This position could be included in the previously stored configuration for the device If the position is not known the program branches to step 268 where the operator is prompted to select a position and then the program branches to step 270 where an image of the newly connected perfusion device is dis played in the perfusion circuit image If the position of the device as determined at step 266 was known the program skips step 268 and branches directly to step 270 If the main controller 20 was not in the automatic match mode as determined at step 262 or if there was more than one possible match as determined at step 264 the program branches to step 272 If the newly connected device has already been configured the program branches to step 274 where the operator is prompted to select the proper configu ration from a plurality of prestored configurations If the device is not already configured the program branches to ste
56. y 118 may be limited the main controller 20 may be programmed to allow only a certain number of perfusion devices 50 to be connected to the network 30 or alternatively to allow only certain numbers of specific types of perfusion devices 50 to be connected For example since control devices such blood pumps typically draw more power than sensing devices the main controller 20 may be provided with an upper limit on the number of control devices that can be connected to the network 30 At step 284 the decision whether to grant full power could be made by comparing the number of perfusion devices 50 already connected to the network 30 with the maximum number that can be connected to determine whether the connection of an additional device 50 will cause the maximum to be exceeded Alternatively if the device requesting connection is a control device then the number of control devices already connected could be compared with the maximum number of control type perfusion devices that can be connected If it is determined that full power should not be granted the program simply ends If it is determined that full power should be granted steps 286 298 are performed to generate and transmit a startup granted message that will cause the pod 40 associated with the perfusion device 50 to be connected to the network 30 In particular at step 286 a unique logical address is allo cated to the newly connected pod 40 For example where the capacity o

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