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1. 2 4 10 Non explosive components and equipment seems 28 4 11 elec GO ON RTT Dm EO 33 MEE edu Reeiselsele e t TURTLE 46 4 13 Items external to the flight SOUIDMENE siicsssevessestexiien taneerctdosteasbencereniaheaenientenathiaiemaise eae PUE Eat 51 NE CTC O aaO Tm 5 A Tanspan facilities NONCING GAG STORICO sesira ti nva d VIG bal RU OU RU ET ooo Ra batir aber 56 AEO MS e EEA om ari AA POUT S S O e t UU 58 Wr DAVALON orre aE E A 58 Annex A normative Explosive sizing methodology cccececeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeesaeseeaeeeeeeaeseeaeenseeansesaeaesneaes 61 Annex B normative Explosive component colour code essere nemen 63 Annex C informative Qualification test levels 1 e eeseeeeeeeeee eene nennen nennen nnne nn 65 Tables Table 1 Common requirements for initiator cartridge detonator and packaged charge properties 34 Table 2 Requirements for low voltage initiator properties 00 m meme 35 Table 3 Requirements for high voltage initiator properties 0 ce meme 36 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 4 Requirements for laser initiator properties ssssseee meme nns o7 Table 5 Requirements for mechanical initiator properties s eem 37 Table 6 Requirements for packaged charge properties eee n ne 38 Table 7 General requirements for transfer device properties
2. 17 amp amp na 0 9 peenteldok mm nme l 0 9 wsdewa A 1 0 R sinusoidal vibration 110 s 1 R R random vibration alu 9 C R R wws E 9 NA R Bek 1m o R R fthermalvacuum M15 m 0 9 thermal eyeing sate Js R R 54 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 23 Qualification tests Qualification test reference sequence component component emc esd for initiator only 5117 15 R audible noise functional and performance sis mexwe2 Ro measurement 5 1 5 See note 2 destructive physical analysis n hue Note 1 Only possible at the end of the qualification sequence Note 2 See 4 14 4 1 e 4 14 4 3 Acceptance tests a Lot acceptance tests shall be performed b Acceptance tests shall be in accordance with Table 24 c Lot acceptance tests results shall confirm that the hardware conforms with the qualified product Table 24 Acceptance tests E 10 03A E 10 03A Spacecraft Launcher Acceptance test reference sequence component component emus T wwe eis e N amp NA thermal vacuum e J o NA mermat oying an 9 9 NA Co burn in 59 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 24 Acceptance tests E 10 03A E 10 03
3. ssssseeee memes 39 Table 8 Requirements for shielded transfer line properties menn 39 Table 9 Requirements for through bulkhead transfer device properties ssse ee 4 Table 10 Requirements for shaped charge POPE MICS Ee EEE nnn 42 Table 11 Requirements for expanding tube device properties seseeeem mene 43 Table 12 Requirements for distribution box properties ssssssee eee nnns 44 Table 13 Requirements for explosive delay properties ssee memes 45 Table 14 Common requirements for gas generator sssssrssrrsrrsanrnnrnnnntnnnnan nnna Nun enne menn nnn nnn 46 Table 15 General requirements for explosively actuated device properties sesssee es 47 Table 16 Requirements for separation nut and separation bolt properties sssseee enne 48 Table 17 Requirements for puller properties sssee emen nnns 49 Table 18 Requirements for pusher DODES S sirrien rie Ar AEA aT 49 Table 19 Requirements for cutter properties ccceccesceueceecuecuecueeeeeeueeeesueeeeseeeeeeeeeeuesseeeeeeereereereureseeeeauteerantegss o0 Table 20 Requirements for valve properties sssee emm nnns 50 Tagle PSel i A TU T T Umm 59 Taole 22 RECOM SACO na E 53 ite lone aS Welles ga E eter D cr re ttre tr er T 54 Table 24 ACCSDIONCS Tesls iiie veriti aei E ec E ER EE CH EE EACH TAE EFE eid CR DDR E E e UR 55 Table 25 Main project documents and the corresponding DRD ee
4. 3 Operating V gt 500 voltage 36 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 11 2 4 Laser initiators a The properties of the laser initiator given in Table 4 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 4 Requirements for laser initiator properties a B C D e Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value All fire power W mm NA gt 10 x No 99 9 of the units density fire power function witha density confidence level of 95 2 No fire power W mm NA TBPM 5 minutes wavelength ia IE 4 Wave length TBPM L fj __ on optical source solid laser laser diode 4 11 2 5 Mechanical initiators a The properties of the mechanical initiator given in Table 5 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 5 T for mechanical initiator properties Property Unit Maximum m Condition Notes value value All fire TBPM TBPM 99 9 of the units function with a confidence level of 9596 energy mum all with a confidence level of fire energy 9596 rE lt 0 1xmini TBPM 0 196 of the units function Test energy 4 11 2
5. Cable shielding shall provide 2 90 optical coverage Double layer cable shielding should be used For all other elements shielding there should be shielding at 100 optical coverage e g no gaps or discontinuities full shielding at the back faces of the connectors no apertures in any container housing elements of the firing circuit Shields shall not be used for current carrying NOTE Shields can be multiple point grounded to the structure 4 10 4 Faraday cap a b Faraday caps shall be used The Faraday cap shall prevent EED s to be initiated by electromagnetic fields 4 10 5 Safety cap Safety caps shall be used The safety cap shall contain the products of initiation of an explosive device It shall not be possible to install an explosive device with the safety cap mounted 4 10 6 Power a The explosive system shall make use of the available voltage and current supplies from the power subsystem to produce power pulses of suitable size duration and timing for each of the functions The firing pulse requirements in Table 2 row 5 and Table 4 row 1 shall apply for EED s and laser initiators respectively The power provided at the power distribution points shall be adequate to fulfil the requirements of 4 8 2 6 allowing for losses 4 10 7 Safe and arm connector a A connector shall be provided on the exterior surface of the space vehicle for use with manually inserted plugs to enable 1 isolatio
6. components against unwanted operation or degradation 4 5 1 General a The system including software and procedures shall be fail safe b Incase a failure can lead to a catastrophic failure the explosive system shall be double fail safe or fail operational fail safe c The response of any explosive device to conditions outside the conditions specified shall be reported by the manufacturer to the user d The explosive subsystem shall only respond to commands intended for that explosive subsystem 4 5 2 Prevention of unintentional function 4 5 2 1 General a The firing pulse e g detonating shock electrical pulse light pulse shall be prevented from reaching any explosive initiator at any time except the correct instant by means of switchable barriers e g electrical mechanical plugs pins Provision shall be made to prevent firing in response to radio frequency lightning and electrostatic discharge NOTE See ECSS E 20 06 Spacecraft charging ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 c If the explosive system contains two or more barriers then at least two of these barriers shall 1 be independent 2 not be subject to common cause failure 3 each provide complete disconnection of the firing circuit d For explosive systems involving a potential catastrophic risk the barrier close to the source of the risk shall be a mechanical barrier e The primary and redundant EED s shall not be activated throug
7. 50 Hz 3d B oct Random Vibrations 350 to 700 Hz tbd db Oct 50 600Hz 2 g2 Hz 700 Hz 3 g2 Hz 600 2000 Hz 3dB 700 to 2000 10 7 db Oct 2000 0 1 g2 Hz Test temperature ambient Test temperature 80 C 110 C l sinus 50g 11ms sinus 50g 11ms Medium shocks Test temperature ambient 6 5 Test temperature ambient SRS Zllevel Appendix SRS Z4 level Pyroshocks l Test temperature ambient 6 6 Test temperature ambient NA 30 krad Radiations Test temperature ambient Firing Tests conditions 80 and 110 C 120 C Note that the information within the brackets refers to the section number within A5 SG 1 X 40 Table C 2 Pyroshocks for launcher and satellites Amplitude at 3 500 Hz 35 000 2 300 Amplitude at 4 000 Hz 35 000 3 000 Amplitude at 25 000 Hz 35 000 3 000 Tolerances for the amplitudes are 40 and 50 96 66
8. Remove before Flight banner 4 10 9 Arming plug The arming plug shall a provide electrical continuity between the supply and firing circuits with electrical properties 1n any line agreed with the user NOTE Electrical properties include resistance isolation bonding and faraday protection b becompatible with the safe and arm connector c be scoop proof d be lockable e g Sub D connector bayonet or triple start thread type be visibly identified 4 10 10 Test plug The test plug shall a provide electrical access to the firing circuits with electrical properties in any line agreed with the user NOTE Electrical properties include resistance isolation bonding and faraday protection b be compatible with the safe and arm connector c not carry any potential or current at the time of insertion or removal 30 e f g ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 be suitable for the number of connection cycles necessary to cover integration test and use be suitable for use with flight hardware be scoop proof be lockable e g Sub D connector bayonet or triple start thread type 4 10 11 Safe and arm device 4 10 11 1 General a b Electrically actuated safe and arm devices should be used A safe and arm device shall 1 be used in applications where unplanned initiation of the explosive system can cause injury death or severe damage to property prevent the mounting of initiators
9. no component shall adversely affect its substitute The system lay out should authorize the replacement of subsystems or components Parts of the explosive system and devices identified as critical on the basis of a RAMS analysis shall be replaceable Replaceable parts shall be listed in the User s Manual of the explosive system and devices 4 2 2 Reliability and confidence a The explosive system shall achieve the specified properties within defined levels of reliability and confidence agreed with the customer Note 1 All components are contributors Note 2 This standard specifies the properties of particular concern b The reliability of components shall be equal to or better than 0 999 with a confidence level equal to or better than 95 c The probability of unwanted functioning of components shall be equal to or less than 0 001 with a confidence level equal to or better than 95 d The performance characteristics of components at any level of assembly shall be specified at the specified level of reliability and confidence see b above e The safety characteristics of items at any level of assembly shall be specified at the specified level of reliability and confidence see c above f It shall be agreed with the customer which performance characteristics shall be declared as mean values with associated standard deviation see g below g Manufacturer shall provide justification of the validity of the statistical methods for
10. 10 02B Development Development plan User manual Propulsion subsystem or system user manual Annex J UM RAMS Dependability ECSS Q 30B Safety ECSS Q 40B FMECA FMECA ECSS Q 30 02A Product assurance Product assurance plan ECSS Q 00 plan Table 26 Other technical documents and the corresponding DRD non exhaustive list Term used in text DRD title DRD reference Test documentation AIV Test plan Test procedure Test report Test specification ECSS E 10 03B ECSS E 10 03B ECSS E 10 03B ECSS E 10 03B Mechanical analysis Fracture control analysis Design loads DL Dimensional stability analysis DSA Fatigue analysis Computer aided design model description and delivery CADMDD Fracture control plan and items list Material and mechanical part allowables MMPal Addendum Additional propulsion requirement for Material and mechanical part allowables MMPal Mathematical model description and delivery MMDD Addendum Additional propulsion requirement for Mathematical model requirements MMR and Addendum Additional propulsion aspects for mathematical model description and delivery MMDD ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A ECSS E 32A Annex L ECSS E 32A Annex M Annex N ECSS E 32A Annex M Annex N 59 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 26 Other technical documents and the corresponding DRD non exhausti
11. 6 Packaged charges a The properties of the packaged charge shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 with the exception of the structural integrity requirements and Table 6 and be quantified b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 31 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 6 Requirements for packaged charge properties L a B D EBE FF Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value 1 Structural NA NA handling and transport integrity loads 2 Detonation TBPM NA Intended operational Yes No mode 3 Deflagration TBPM NA Intended operational Yes No mode 4 11 3 Integral initiator connectors 4 11 3 1 General a The configuration of the connector shall be used only for initiators NOTE This is the integral upper part of the initiator b The interface shall allow for sealing 4 11 3 2 Electrical initiator connector a The connector thread or closing mechanism shall be self locking b The connection shall have electrical continuity with a resistance lt 10 mQ c The connector shall be able to undergo 50 mating demating cycles without degradation d The connection shall be able to undergo specified shocks without degradation 4 11 3 3 Laser initiator connector a The initiator shall incorporate an interface to match the interfaces on the fibre optic conne
12. 8 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 8 Requirements for shielded transfer line properties a B D E Fo Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value 1 Propagation m s TBPM TBPM velocity 2 Deflagrating lines TBPM TBPM 3 Detonating lines 39 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 8 Requirements for shielded transfer line properties Property Unit Minimum Condition Notes value Shock Gpa TBPM Maximum value TBPM n Standard material e g PMMA transmission capability TBPM TBPM Flyer thickness diameter material and jitter TBPM By initiator type TBPM B BE NA From end to end Flyer characteristics Flyer velocity m s Ignition gap mm mnm TBPM TBPM End to end transmission Bap 5 Electrical mQ continuity Leak rate scc He s 106 together with interfaces Leak tightness together with interfaces TBPM mm TBPM Z gt Ap 0 1 Mpa before firing N a o D Ne scc He s 10 Ap 0 1 Mpa after firing ends implemented in the specified interface No metallic projections See ECSS Q 70 01 A T T NA Z gt gt Organic mg m 2 contamination of surface
13. Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Annex B normative Explosive component colour code Requirement 4 10 1 2 c Colours related to component behaviour yellow orange Detonation brown light Deflagration red orange bright 7 LP Colours related to the state or purpose of component red bright Arm green Safe 63 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 64 This page is intentionally left blank Damp heat Thermal cycles in damp air Thermal Vacuum ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Annex C informative Qualification test levels Table C 1 Qualification test levels Environment Ariane 5 ESC Satellite see A5 SG 1 X 40 Section Number 80 C 10 hours 5 2 120 C 48 hours 110 C 5 hours 5 3 120 C 48 hours 2 X 24h 20 C to 35 C 5 4 _100 RH 1b to 105b in 30 at 80 C Sine Vibrations 4minutes axis 6 2 Per axis 5 to 16Hz 10 mm 16 to 30Hz 10g oct min 30 to 70Hz 22 5 g 70 to 200 Hz 50g oct min 200 to 2000 Hz 22 5g Test temperature 80 C 110 C 2 octaves min 3 axis 1 sweep 5 25Hz 25 100Hz 11 mm 20g Test temperature ambient 65 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table C 1 Qualification test levels Environment Ariane 5 ESC Satellite see A5 SG 1 X 40 Section Number 4minutes axis 6 9 20 Hz 0 0913 g2 Hz 20 Hz 150Hz 6 dB Oct 6minutes axis 3 axes 150 Hz 4 g2 Hz 350 Hz 4 g2 Hz 20
14. M M M E h Container shall indicate required orientation 56 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 15 3 Facilities No explosive component shall be stored with other types of equipment The nature of and precautions required for all explosive components and systems shall be communicated to facility providers and authorities In addition to ECSS Q 20B subclause 5 8 2 b all explosive devices shall be stored in temperature and humidity controlled secure storage areas except when required for controlled spacecraft activities Records of all environmental conditions e g thermal humidity in locations where explosive components or systems are stored or handled shall be maintained and be available for review The location of every live or fired explosive component or subsystem shall be known and identifiable at any time 4 15 4 Handling a 4 16 In service All handling shall be done by certified personnel according to ECSS Q 20B Clause 4 5 NOTE Handling includes testing measuring installing All handling shall be done according to specified procedures Personnel and equipment shall be grounded to a common ground Only approved tools aids and test equipment shall be used for explosive devices Consistent coherent and complete records shall be maintained of components or systems which have a direct effect upon the system including test activities and measurements during any upon the break in activities Restoratio
15. Table 18 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown Pushers shall be able to withstand the expected loads during operation NOTE These loads comprise e g compression and shear and bending moment Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 18 for properties Property Unit mu m die EN EN a a 1 Rod axial load ITBPM Push force TBPM Minimum at end stroke Pushing TBPM TBPM stroke 4 12 4 Cutters a The properties of the cutter given in Table 19 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 49 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 19 Requirements for cutter properties Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value 1 Cutting At worst case capabilities temperatures a dimensions mm TBPM associated with material PB 0 wkimaestrng MPa TRPM TBPM Mass of generated mg TBPM Total mass associated particles with load and load carrier properties Dimensions of jmm TBPM TBPM Range of size generated associated with load particles and load carrier properties 4 12 5 Valves a The properties of the valve given in Table 20 shall be quantifie
16. any explosively actuated device which incorporates initiation and explosive charges the requirements of Clause 4 11 shall apply b No released part shall cause damage c The requirements of Table 15 shall apply 46 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 d Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 15 General for explosively actuated device properties Property Unit Maximum m Condition Notes value value Leak rate scc He s TBPU Ap 0 1 Mpa before firing Leakratefor Pa l 2 5 10 2 210 2 Pa during firing spacecraft Leak rate scc He s TBPU Ap 0 1 Mpa after firing Temperatures Q Nmopm w t tap meu Fo Operating 0 rsm reem duration reem o Smee mm mmc fasa K eem reem duration teem Functional TBPM TBPM delay Nr of TBPM TBPU to the maximum load of assemblies TBPM TBPU the device attachments disassemblies Generated e ms TBPM NA Time history and Shock TBPU sampling rate Test configuration TBPU Life time Year TBPM NA during transport storage and mission 4 12 2 Separation nuts and separation bolts a The properties of the separation nut and bolt given in Table 16 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Re settable separation nuts shall include a means of verifying that the nut is properly reset before and after its mating b
17. c The explosive system shall be conform to all dependability requirements ECSS Q 30B Clauses 6 7 8 and 9 d Age sensitive parts and materials shall be identified 4 17 3 Safety a The properties of the subsystem and all activities shall meet the safety requirements defined in ECSS Q 40B b Immediately before every electrical or optical connection and disconnection 1t shall be confirmed that no conductor 1s live and that no power can flow or be interrupted across the interfaces c Immediately before every connection and disconnection it shall be confirmed that operator and parts are grounded to a common ground 4 18 Deliverables 58 4 18 1 Documentation At propulsion system and subsystem level the documentation listed in Table 25 shall be delivered NOTE A non exhaustive list of documents demonstrating conformance to the requirements is contained in table 2 NOTE Additional specific documents can be established at customer request ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 25 Main project documents and the corresponding DRD Term used in text DRD title DRD reference Specification Functional and Technical specifications ECSS E 10 06B Specification Detailed description Interface specifications Design definition file ECSS E 10 Part 17 ECSS Q 70 Justification Design Justification File ECSS E 10 Part 17 Verification Verification Control Document ECSS E
18. function can be used to activate a number of explosive devices c The fire function shall be independent and respond only to a unique command d The fire function shall revert to its initial state after the firing command within an interval agreed with the customer 4 6 Survival and operational conditions a The explosive system shall survive the specified sequence of conditions without malfunctioning or degrading beyond the specified limits 21 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 7 22 The explosive system shall operate between the extremes of the ranges and combinations of specified conditions The limits used for the qualification of elements and interfaces shall conform to the specified reliability and confidence Users shall specify the characteristics of the expected environment The end user shall specify the explosive system constraints The explosive system shall limit the mechanical electrical and thermal effects of its operation within limits agreed with the user to avoid disturbance e g shock electrical short circuits magnetic fields or damage to other sensitive elements on the space vehicle NOTE For tests see 4 14 Interface requirements 4 7 1 General The nature of the interfaces are geometry including the analysis of the dimensions for all phases of life e g assembly transport flight mechanical including induced loads static and dynamic fluids including venting thermal l
19. in armed position provide means of remote arming provide means of remote safing provide safing without passing through the armed position prevent manual arming provide manual safing pee o x dU D em EM remain in the selected position under all conditions except when intentionally activated 9 prevent remaining in any state between safe and arm 10 arm within a time interval agreed with the user 11 not require an force or torque to safe exceeding a value agreed with the customer 12 1f actuated remotely safe within a time interval agreed with the user It shall not be possible to arm the safe and arm device in case an initiator has been activated with the safe and arm device in safe position The safe and arm device shall be capable of being manually positioned to safe during any phase of this cyclic life The barrier shall be removable or a reconnection shall allow propagation when required Armed condition Remote operation and status indication shall be provided Local visible unambiguous status indication shall be provided All additional blocks shall be flagged Remove before flight NOTE Safe and arm devices can use initiator simulator resistors 4 10 11 2 Electrically Actuated The electrically actuated safe and arm device shall a not have current flow exceeding 2 mA in the disarm or safe command circuit during the arming cycle nor in the arm command circuit during dis
20. in terms of intensity duration and cycling 3 be tested to verify survivability b Protective features shall 1 be provided to prevent unintended initiation 2 be provided to prevent loss of performance 3 be tested to verify effectiveness c Build up of heat shall be prevented d All thermally sensitive components shall be shielded or otherwise protected from the environment e Explosive systems and components shall not ignite at temperatures at least 30 C higher than the maximum expected environmental temperature NOTE This is to ensure no auto ignition or cook off 4 8 3 2 Heat generation The explosive system shall not generate heat causing temperatures which exceed the specified limits 4 8 4 Status check 4 8 4 1 General a The explosive system shall provide for 1 measurements of electrical or optical properties during the integration of any circuit before and after firing without inducing firing unintentional status changes or degradation 2 the indication of at least the status of the pre arm and select barriers during the mission 4 9 Materials ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 It shall be possible to verify the status of the barriers protecting the initiator before inserting the arming plug Check out circuits shall not allow current flow or electrostatic discharge causing unintentional effects in the explosive system NOTE This applies also after any single failure Any checking out
21. leak scc He s Ap 0 1 Mpa before rate firing Device leak scc He s Ap 0 1 Mpa after rate firing TBPM La NENNEN LN ed n 0 d c e T N Neo Neu J n C3 Ww 4 11 4 7 Explosive delays TBPM n w During transport storage and mission a The properties of explosive delays given in Table 13 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 13 C T on for explosive delay properties Property Unit Maximum a Condition Notes value value Delay type TBPM TBPM With or without gas generation Delay time Mean value standard deviation at temperatures 3 Temperature C TBPM TBPM Temperature range to sensitivity be provided 4 Initiation TBPM TBPM To be provided mechanical e g percussion electrical thermal detonation 5 Output TBPM TBPM To be provided pressure versus time calorific energy detonation Leak rate scc He s 10 6 TBPM Ap 0 1 Mpa before firing Leak rate scc He s TBPM Ap 0 1 Mpa after 8_ Temperatures a M eu w e oOo Of Nonoperating gt C sem eem SiS Cof Overtime sem mmu B LEAN NELLO 1 w meem reem Life time Year TBPM Ee transport storage and mission 4 11 5 safe and arm devices conta
22. of the status of electrical initiators shall limit the check out current to 10 x the no fire current on the bridge wire Any checking out of the status of optical initiators shall limit check out energy to 104 x the no fire power density at the fire wavelength on the optical interface if the fire wavelength is used The checking out power or current or optical wavelength or frequency shall cause no unintentional effects or hazards also after any single failure Any checking out of the insulation resistance of the explosive system shall limit the voltage to 50 VDC Provision shall be made for an immediate warning signal to be given for any unplanned change of status of any explosive system control or check out device Example Thermal control requirements or material temperature limits 4 8 4 2 initiator status a Provision shall be made for on ground checking the status of initiators Provision shall be made for access to the interface Requirements for access shall be communicated to the user and facilities authorities NOTE Range safety sometimes prohibits use of these features All materials including explosive substances shall be compatible with those materials with which they can come into contact Note 1 Outgassing can occur during e g polymerization degradation of polymers Note 2 Selection of materials and processes are done in accordance with ECSS E 32 08A ECSS Q 70B and ECSS Q 70 71A Note 3 Explosi
23. or the ground within specified limits 4 8 2 10 Dielectric strength The explosive system shall neither function nor degrade as a result of leakage current of electrical firing circuits to ground 4 8 2 11 X Sensitivity to RF energy a When exposed to RF conditions the induced power shall not exceed a level which 1s 1 20 dB below the no fire power 2 20 dB below the RF sensitivity threshold NOTE Ifno RF limit is known the DC limit can be used 20 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 26 b When exposed to RF conditions the explosive system shall not be degraded 4 8 2 12 Magnetic cleanliness a The maximum level of residual magnetism shall be agreed with the end user NOTE Reduced levels can be achieved by the choice of suitable materials b The supplier shall provide the customer with the magnetic properties of the components c The explosive system shall not generate magnetic fields exceeding the electromagnetic interference safety margins defined in ECSS E 20A subclause 6 1 3 4 8 2 13 Lightning a Explosive systems shall preclude activation due to electrical potential differences generated within the explosive system by exposure to lightning b Explosive systems should preclude degradation by exposure to lightning NOTE For description of lightning see ECSS E 20 07 4 8 3 Thermal 4 8 3 1 Sensitivity a Explosive systems and components shall 1 survive 2 not be degraded by defined thermal loads
24. the prevention of unintentional function NOTE See subclauses 4 2 2 and 4 5 2 4 8 2 3 Power system overload The power supply shall ensure that the power subsystem is not overloaded before during or after the actuation of any explosive device even in case of a single point failure together with a short circuit both pin to pin and pin to ground NOTE See ECSS E 20B 4 8 2 4 Electromagnetic compatibility EMC a The explosive system power command and control electrical circuitry shall limit the generation of electromagnetic fields or conducted noise to a level at least 20 dB below the no fire power rating b The explosive system shall provide shielding to the same levels noted above when exposed to externally generated electromagnetic fields c Control circuits shall limit the power level at any barrier to at least 20 dB below the minimum activation power 4 8 2 5 Electrostatic Discharge a Explosive systems and components shall 1 survive 2 not be degraded by specified electrostatic discharges 3 be tested to verify survivability b Protective features shall be provided to 1 prevent initiation 2 prevent change of state of barriers ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 3 prevent parasitic paths 4 be tested to verify effectiveness c Electrostatic discharge to ground through the explosive elements shall be prevented d Build up of electrostatic charges shall be prevented Measures to satisfy requirement d
25. 01 at 95 confidence level 3 1 28 operational envelope set of conditions in which the device or system shall meet its requirements 3 1 29 packaged charge explosive material in a closed container 3 1 30 qualification envelope positive margin over the conditions of the operational envelope 3 1 31 Safe condition that renders the probability of an unwanted event below an agreed limit 3 1 32 secondary characteristic any characteristic other than the function 3 1 33 sequential firing application of the firing pulses to initiators separated in time 3 1 34 success simultaneous achievement by all characteristics of required performance 3 1 35 sympathetic firing firing of other explosive devices due to the output of any other 3 2 3 3 Abbreviated terms Symbols ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 The following abbreviated terms are defined and used within this document Abbreviation Meaning DC DMPL DSC DTA DRD EED EMC EMI ESD FOSU FOSY GSE GTA IS LAT MEOP MEOT NA NC NO RF r m s SRS TBI TBPM TBPU VTS d gt rSn direct current declared materials and processes list differential scanning calorimetry differential thermal analysis document requirements definition electro explosive device electromagnetic compatibility electro magnetic interference electro static discharge ultimate factor of safety yield factor of safety Ground support equipment gravimetric thermal analysis impact s
26. 11 1 1 Applicability This subclause 4 11 applies to explosive components which cannot be fully tested before flight For other elements of the system which can be fully tested before flight the equipment environmental test conditions of the user apply The requirements for explosive components are given below as measurements to be made after specific preconditioning and under survival and operational conditions identified 1n 4 5 4 11 1 2 Identification a ECSS Q 20B clause 5 4 2 shall apply b For launchers colour coding shall be used on components to indicate behaviour c Each component containing explosives shall be visibly and permanently marked with 1 a unique identification 2 coding to indicate behaviour d Identification should 1nclude Manufacturer Part number Lot number Serial number Manufacturing date e Colour coding should be according to 0 4 11 1 3 Contamination a Contamination shall be prevented NOTE The contamination to be analysed are from environment to the components from components to the environment related to the innocuousness of component during and after functioning Example By the use of approved materials according to ECSS Q 70 71A and by design to contain products of the operation of explosive components b Incase sub clause 4 11 1 3a cannot be met a component shall not be accepted unless the limits of the amount and type of contamination are identified by the manufacturer and ag
27. 22A CN PM RS 2002 57 CSG Safety Regulations ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 3 Terms definitions and abbreviated terms 3 1 Terms and definitions The following terms and definitions are specific to this standard 1n the sense that they are complementary or additional to those contained in ECSS P 001 3 1 1 all fire stimulus with a probability of functioning equal to or better than 0 999 at 95 confidence level 3 1 2 armed condition that allows the probability of a wanted event to be above an agreed limit 3 1 3 cartridge explosive device designed to produce pressure for performing a mechanical function NOTE A cartridge is called an initiator if it is the first or only explosive element in an explosive chain 3 1 4 catastrophic failure failure resulting in loss of life or life threatening or permanently disabling injury or occupational illness or loss of an element of an interfacing manned flight system or loss of mission or loss of launch site facilities or long term detrimental environmental effects NOTE For payloads of the NASA STS or ISS the applicable definition 1S failure that results in personnel injury loss of the NASA orbiter ground facilities or STS equipment see NSTS 1700 7 paragraph 302 11 21 Sept 2007 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 12 3 1 5 charge quantity of explosive loaded in a cartridge detonator or separate container for use in a explosive device 3 1 6 component smalle
28. A Spacecraft Launcher Acceptance test reference sequence component component R Required O Optional NA Not Applicable Note 1 Only possible at the end of the acceptance sequence Note 2 See 4 14 4 1 e 4 15 Transport facilities handling and storage 4 15 1 General Specified transport handling and facilities for explosive subsystems and devices shall be provided 4 15 2 Transport a Devices containing explosives shall be transported in accordance with ST SG AC 10 1 Rev 14 b The transport classification should be 1 4 S c The containers shall protect the component from the mission d Definition of containers shall be in accordance with UNO regulations ST SG AC 10 1 Rev 14 Manual of Tests and criteria NOTE It is good practice to pack explosive components are individually to prevent changes in humidity and electrostatic charge e Containers shall not be exposed to environments exceeding those specified NOTE Itis good practice to use thermal and shock sensors f Identification label shall be marked before delivery in a permanent way on each deliverable v Containers shall be marked with the following information Equipment name and part number Contents and quantity Mass gross and net 1n kilograms Contract number Supplier name and address EXPLOSIVE label with Hazard and compatibility classifications Following label Open only in clean room area by qualified operators if necessary oT 2
29. ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 EUROPEAN COOPERATION FOR SPACE STANDARDIZATION Space engineering Explosive systems and devices This ECSS document is a draft document distributed for Public Review It is therefore subject to change without any notice and my not be referred to as en ECSS Standard until published as such End of Public Review 20 November 2007 ECSS Secretariat ESA ESTEC Requirements amp Standards Division Noordwijk The Netherlands ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Published by ESA Requirements and Standards Division ESTEC P O Box 299 2200 AG Noordwijk The Netherlands ISSN 1028 396X Price 20 Euro Printed in The Netherlands Copyright 2007 ECSS by the European Space Agency for the members of ECSS ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Foreword This Standard is one of the series of ECSS Standards intended to be applied together for the management engineering and product assurance in space projects and applications ECSS is a cooperative effort of the European Space Agency national space agencies and European industry associations for the purpose of developing and maintaining common standards Requirements in this Standard are defined in terms of what shall be accomplished rather than in terms of how to organize and perform the necessary work This allows existing organizational structures and methods to be applied where they are effective and for the structures and met
30. S E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 14 4 Qualification and lot acceptance 4 14 4 1 General a Qualification and acceptance of explosive components and systems shall be in accordance with ECSS Q 20B b For qualification each device shall meet the requirements specified in the appropriate table of subclauses 4 11 and 4 12 after exposure to the complete sequence of conditions specified in Table 23 c For lot acceptance each device shall meet the requirements specified in the appropriate table of subclauses 4 11 and 4 12 after exposure to the selected conditions specified in Table 24 d For lifetime each device shall meet the requirements specified in the appropriate table of Clause subclauses 4 11 and 4 12 after exposure to the complete sequence of conditions specified in Table 23 e Dynamic leak measurement shall be made under vacuum 4 14 4 2 Qualification tests Qualification tests shall be performed in accordance with Table 23 NOTE Typical values are given in Annex C Table 23 Qualification tests E 10 03A E 10 03A Spacecraft Launcher Qualification test reference sequence component component physical properties measurement secondary characteristics measurement none additional functional and performance measurement 5 1 5 See note 1 NA NA modamam np o adim 0 R mug mne adiimal NA R pain mne aima NA R mmy ue 0 R feakagetest
31. SS E 10 Part 17 to be published 60 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Annex A normative Explosive sizing methodology For components using visco elastic or non linear behaviour materials e g case thermal protection adhesive bonding propellant grain nozzle thermal protection and throat component and flexseal elastomer case elastomeric junction a Stress Strength analysis shall be used for mechanical dimensioning Geometry Combined loads T sane M ial Behavi ateriak Denavior Calculation Method vs temperature Test samples Failure criteria results vs temperature Equivalent Stress or strain S K C S Comparison with Kr x Kp ee Allowable C Ageing effect gt Combined loads see ECSS E32A subclause 4 2 6 gt Material behaviour model and failure criteria shall be determined by samples tests and justified gt Calculation method shall take into account the material behaviour gt Calculation method shall be validated by tests results gt Allowable C shall be determined by tests gt Ageing effect on material behaviour and allowable shall be taken into account gt Coefficient K C S shall be higher than Kr gt Kr shall be determined in reference to a probabilistic approach reliability requirements or by deterministic one FOSU gt Kp project factor see ECSS 32 10A 61 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 62 This page is intentionally left blank ECSS E 33 11A
32. TE These loads represent the sum of preload static dynamic thermal and any other load seen in service 4 2 5 2 Integrity a The explosive system shall maintain its integrity and position during its lifetime b Components that are intended not to rupture during operation when installed into their explosive system interfaces shall be able to withstand the maximum expected operational loads times a factor FOSU c The factor FOSU shall be according to Table 3 or Table 4 in ECSS E 32 10A depending on the material used d Deformation of any component shall not 1 reduce its specified performance 2 affect any part of the spacecraft system 9 cause leakage e The factor FOSY shall be according to Table 3 or Table 4 in ECSS E 32 10A depending on the material used 4 2 5 3 Explosive charge sizing For reliability and safety requirements demonstration margin factors shall be applied on the explosive properties according to the methodology provided in Annex A NOTE Explosive properties can be dependant on temperature effects ageing lot influence 4 2 5 4 Motorization Clauses 4 7 4 4 4 1 and 4 7 4 4 4 2 of ECSS E 30 part 3B Oct 2005 shall apply to explosively actuated devices clause 4 12 a The use of explosive functions including those for flight termination and range safety during all phases of the mission shall be specified b The environmental conditions life cycle and the functions being activated shall be speci
33. and arm plugs for connection 2 for measurements of properties 3 to all elements for inspection b Access shall be safe and convenient as agreed with the customer 23 21 Sept 2007 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 24 4 8 2 Electrical 4 8 2 1 General a The explosive system firing sources shall have their own power distribution points b The explosive system shall provide power pulses to initiators at the times required by the application c The power pulse shape amplitude and duration shall be as specified in the initiator input requirements d It shall be demonstrated by test that c above 1s met If the firing source circuit takes power from the host vehicle either The return side shall not be grounded on the payload side of the interface and be isolated from payload structure by at least 10 kQ measured at least 1 5 times the bus voltage or Isolation transformers shall be used to provide at least 10 KQ isolation between payload return circuit and host vehicle return circuit when measured at least 1 5 times the bus voltage 4 8 2 2 Circuit independence EED s shall not be connected in series or in parallel with each other b A separate command shall activate each component for launch vehicles c In case 4 8 2 2a is not met the alternative circuit shall be justified and agreed with the customer and suppliers d The circuits shall be verified by test or analysis to meet the requirements on reliability and on
34. arm or safing have a demonstrated cyclic life of 1000 safe to arm to safe transitions or five times the number of transitions predicted during its lifetime whichever is greater without failure or degraded performance l 21 Sept 2007 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 32 4 10 11 3 Mechanically Actuated The mechanically actuated safe and arm device shall a Maintain its state under the environmental conditions without the application of the operational stimulus b Have a demonstrated cyclic life of 300 safe to arm to safe transitions without failure or degraded performance 4 10 11 4 Safing a Safing shall prevent detonation or initiation transfer by 1 the placement of a barrier between the initiator and next explosive element or 2 misalignment of the initiator and the next explosive element b Safing shall disconnect power and return firing lines c Safing shall short the EEDSs d Safing should ground the shorted EEDs through a resistance agreed with the end user e Safing shall have resistor s with a resistance exceeding 10 kQ if these resistor s remain connected to the firing circuit in the arm position f Clause 4 1 3 a applies 4 10 11 5 Arming Arming shall enable detonation or initiation transfer by 1 the removal of a barrier between the initiator and next explosive element or 2 alignment of the initiator and the next explosive element b Arming shall 1 connect power and return firing lines 2 rem
35. ctor and the adapter which is used to join the two items b The connector interface shall not be used for any purpose other than explosive devices c The connector thread or closing mechanism shall be self locking d The connection shall have electrical continuity with a resistance lt 10 mQ The connector shall be able to undergo 50 mating de mating cycles while meeting its requirements 4 11 4 Transfer devices 4 11 4 1 General a The properties of transfer devices shall conform to the general requirements of Table 7 and be quantified b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 38 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 7 General requirements for transfer device properties Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value 1 Critical NA TBPM information about diameter explosive to be provided A a l FG Auoigitin Na tap SSS o Nonoperating mmu mma Opening Crem mm Deuerna c reu TePM Duration TaPM TBPM Duration TBPM 3 Probability of 99 8 95 confidence Ignition of a reference charge Nr of TBPU With without change of mating de seals mating cycles Life time Year TBPU For transport storage and operation 4 11 4 2 Shielded transfer lines a The properties of shielded transfer lines given in Table
36. customer approval 4 2 3 Performance a Except as specified in b below all performance shall be quantified by measurement versus time of initial transitional and final values of the specified properties NOTE specified properties are listed in clause 4 11 and 4 12 b The time interval specified in a shall be measured between either a clear reproducible initiation event and the attainment of the performance value or the initiation event and 90 of the measured performance value c For performance that cannot be quantified based on measurements an acceptance procedure shall be agreed with the customer d The basis of the time shall be specified and justified 4 3 Mission ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 2 4 Wanted and unwanted response a For wanted response the response of any component when subjected to the specified minimum probable stimulus shall be demonstrated to be more than the specified lower limit agreed between customer and supplier b For unwanted response the response of any component when subjected to the specified maximum possible disturbance shall be demonstrated to be less than the specified upper limit agreed between customer and supplier NOTE This applies to safety and failure 4 2 5 Dimensioning 4 2 5 1 Strength The explosive system shall sustain before during and after firing a the internal loads due to operation and b the external loads defined by the user NO
37. d and conform to the figures where shown b After firing the valve piston shall remain in its actuated position c The type of valve NO or NC shall be marked on the device d The flow direction shall be marked on the device Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 20 Requirements for valve properties Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value Valve capabilities Associated with fluid L Mes MEOP TBPM TBPM jinfldcircuit c Valve passage mm TBPM in fluid circuit diameter nominal d Fluid circuit leak scc 10 6 TBPM Ap 0 1 MPa before rate He s and after firing e Internal leak rate scc 10 6 TBPM Ap 0 1 MPa before He s and after firing 2 Mass of generated mg TBPM NA in fluid circuit particles 3 Dimensions of mm TBPM in fluid circuit generated particles 50 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 13 Items external to the flight equipment 4 13 1 GSE a ECSS E 10 02A subclause 6 3 shall apply b Ground support equipment shall provide support and protection within specified limits including ESD and EMI c Test equipment shall be energy limited e g electrical optical 1n accordance with 4 8 4 d The status indication of the explosive system shall be provided Changes in the status indications shall be provided f Status and status cha
38. e A TBPM 99 996 of the units function current with a confidence level of 3o ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 E Table 2 Requirements for low voltage initiator properties L A B D Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition value value 95 specified conditions All fire TBPM TBPM 99 9 of the units function power with a confidence level of 9596 specified conditions Response TBPM NA for all fire current or time power No fire A NA 1 lt 0 1 of the units function current with a confidence level of 95 5 minutes at specified conditions Notes No fire W NA 1 lt 0 1 of the units function power with a confidence level of 95 5 minutes at specified conditions Bridge wire Q TBPM TBPM 210 mA lt 60s resistance 4 11 2 3 High voltage initiators a The properties of the high voltage initiator given in Table 3 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 3 Requirements for high voltage initiator properties L a B C D B EF Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value V TBPM TBPM 99 9 of the units function with a confidence level of 95 V TBPM TBPM lt 0 1 of the units function with a confidence level of 95 5 minutes test temperature TBPM
39. ed according to ECSS E 10 03A clause 8 2 0 b Only planned and approved activities shall be performed according to approved procedures c Firing tests shall not be performed until a successful rehearsal has been completed 4 14 3 7 Safety tests Safety tests shall be performed on unpacked articles according to Table 21 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 21 Safety tests Reference tests ae sequence UNO Manual of tests and criteria NA Slow cook off test 7 h UNO Manual of tests and criteria test 7 g Handling Drop test e g 2 m height tee External Fire iUc ron test UNO Manual of tests and criteria j test 4 b Mechanical Shock TBPU L launcher S Spacecraft R Required O Optional NA Not Applicable 4 14 3 8 Lifetime demonstration a Lifetime tests or analysis shall be done to establish changes over time in performance and susceptibility b If accelerated aging is used it shall be justified 4 14 3 9 Reliability tests a For any component performances shall be declared in terms of reliability confidence level test and analysis methods b The methods given in Table 22 shall be used for the component listed in the S i Table 22 Reliability methods m e Component Method Initiator Bruceton or Neyer Cut er Release nut Severe method Valye Pusher Puller Shaped charge Probit or severe method Expanding tube Probit or severe method ECS
40. eene mmn 59 Table 26 Other technical documents and the corresponding DRD non exhaustive list oe 59 Table C I Qualificaton CST NEV OT Oo TO USOS EROON ATASE EAIA Aaa a 65 Table C 2 Pyroshocks for launcher and satellites seem nnns 66 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 scope This part defines the standards to be applied for the use of explosives on all spacecraft and other space products including launch vehicles It addresses the aspects of design analysis verification manufacturing operations and safety As any explosive item used for flight can function only once it can never be fully tested before its crucial mission operation The required confidence can only be established indirectly by the testing of identical items Test results and theoretical justification are essential for demonstration of fulfilment of the requirements The requirement for repeatability shows that product assurance plays a crucial role in support of technical aspects The need for statistics requires that the explosive components used in the explosive system be tested and characterized extensively The variability in components requires that manufacturers prove to customers that delivered 1tems are identical to those qualified The failure or unintentional operation of a explosive item can be catastrophic for the whole mission and life threatening Specific requirements can exist for the items associated with it As all explosives where ever
41. elevant output parameter shall be provided c Light lm TBPM TBPM Only the known and relevant output parameter shall be provided 34 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 1 Common requirements for initiator cartridge detonator and packaged charge properties Ue Unit mu Minimum Condition E value value nid GPa TBPM TBPM Only the known and pressure relevant output parameter shall be Probability of 9 896 9596 confidence ignition of a reference charge Nr of E TBPM TBPU With without change of seals mating de mating cycles 10 Life time Year TBPM For transport storage and operation 4 11 2 2 1W 1A No Fire initiators a The minimum no fire rating shall be 1A current or 1W power for five minutes b The firing probability when subjected to the no fire current or no fire power for five minutes shall be less than 0 001 at 95 confidence level c After exposure to the no fire current or no fire power the EED shall be capable to function according to its requirements d The properties of the 1W 1A No Fire initiator given in Table 2 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown e Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 2 ss for low voltage initiator properties value 2250 V 260s Dielectric uA 500 200 V AC 260s strength 5 All fir
42. ensitivity lot acceptance test maximum expected operating pressure maximum expected operating temperature not applicable normally closed normally open radio frequency root mean square shock response spectrum through bulkhead initiator to be provided by manufacturer to be provided by user vacuum thermal stability standard surface gravity 9 80665 m s2 drop height m mass of drop weight kg standard deviation Ampere Volt 15 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 16 This page is intentionally left blank 4 1 General ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 Requirements 4 1 1 Overview Being generally applicable the requirements stated in this section apply throughout and are not be repeated 1n the sections relating to specific topics Explosive systems and devices use energetic materials explosives propellants powder initiated by mechanical electrical thermal or optical stimuli for unique single shot functions e g solid booster initiation structure cutting stage distancing pressurized venting stage neutralisation valve opening or closing release of solar arrays antennas booms covers and instruments The properties of the initiator govern the major part of the behaviour of the system The requirements for initiators and their derivatives such as cartridges and detonators are defined in specific requirements related to the specific types Properties of explosive compone
43. ents or be agreed with the user to provide protection against the environmental conditions or to reduce the external loads on the explosive system 4 8 Mechanical electrical and thermal requirements 4 8 1 Mechanical 4 8 1 1 Inertial properties The supplier shall provide the customer with a the mass b the centre of mass c the inertial properties and d the numerical model upon request of the user of the components before and after firing 4 8 1 2 Main fixings Each element of the explosive system shall be provided with an interface compatible with the methods of attachment to the structure or appendage agreed with the customer 4 8 1 3 Modularity of the system a The explosive system shall be assembled from modular components b It shall be possible to test the components separately c It shall be ensured that attachment installation repair and replacement can be done without affecting the surrounding equipment 4 8 1 4 Avoidance of confusion a It shall be ensured that components intended for different applications cannot be confused b Inert components dummies and test models used for test purposes shall be visibly different from live items see colour code in Annex B NOTE This is to prevent confusion and to ensure incorrect items are not used for flight or qualification 4 8 1 5 Accessibility a Access shall be provided throughout the space vehicle integration 1 tothe initiators safe test
44. ents of subclause 4 7 2 shall apply Mis mating of connectors shall be impossible e g geometry lay out dimensions harness length The insert polarization and contact arrangement of the connectors used in the explosive system shall not be used elsewhere on the space vehicle Source circuits shall be terminated by female contacts Spare or un terminated contacts shall not be allowed Prime and redundant circuits for the same function shall not pass through the same connector Electrical connectors shall provide continuous shielding 1n all directions Electrical connectors shall provide continuous shielding during 1 engagement before the pins connect 2 disengagement after the pins disconnect Connector savers shall be used NOTE This 1s to prevent the receptacle and contacts from wear and damage 4 10 2 Wiring a b C Electrical supply for each initiator optical source and Safe and Arm device shall be by a separate shielded twisted pair line or coaxial cable All connections between conductors shall be made by 1 soldering NOTE See ECSS Q 70 08A 2 crimping NOTE See ECSS Q 70 26A 3 connectors NOTE See 4 10 1 Wiring used for explosives shall be visibly and uniquely identifiable 4 10 3 Shielding a 28 The firing circuit including the initiator shall be shielded ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Isolators shall provide 20 dB attenuation at the specified electromagnetic frequencies
45. fied 19 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 4 4 5 20 Example Ground storage transport launcher ignition staging and safety functions payload separation motor ignition solar array antenna boom or cover release propulsion system branch opening or closing de orbiting c Mission related requirements placed on the explosive system shall be specified Functionality a The timing of each function of the explosive system shall be specified b The explosive system shall react only to a specified stimulus e g nature range of values and be insensitive to all others c The explosive system shall ensure that the correct stimulus arrives at the specified place at the specified time d The explosive system shall prevent the stimulus reaching the initiator at any other time e Unwanted function or malfunction shall be prevented f The firing sequence simultaneous or sequential shall cause no anomaly NOTE This applies to secondary characteristics as well as for explosive functions g Redundant trains shall be routed separately h Explosive systems shall be single fault tolerant 1 Explosive systems shall be two fault tolerant if premature initiation causes a catastrophic failure j If loss of function is safety critical or catastrophic the explosive system shall avoid single point failures and include at least two initiators k Provision shall be made within the explosive system to protect its Safety
46. h the same electrical firing circuit f Stray circuits or coupling which can result in unintentional firing shall be avoided 4 5 2 2 Safe and arm device pre arm function The pre arm function shall be the fourth last in a sequence of functions b The pre arm function shall be independent and respond only to a unique action c The pre arm function shall remain in its switched state after operation until the fire function has reverted to its initial state d The pre arm function can include the select function NOTE A Safe and Arm device is not always included 4 5 2 3 Select function the select function shall be the third last 1n a sequence of functions b the select function shall select the explosive devices C the select function shall be independent and respond only to a unique command d The select function shall be used to control only one explosive function It shall revert to its initial state after the fire command within an interval agreed with the customer 4 5 2 4 Arm function The arm function shall be the second last action 1n the sequence b The arm function shall be independent and respond only to a unique command c The arm function shall be used to control only one explosive function d It shall be possible to restore its initial disarm state after the arm command within an interval agreed with the customer 4 5 2 5 Fire function The fire function shall be the last action 1n the sequence b The fire
47. hods to evolve as necessary without rewriting the standards The formulation of this Standard takes into account the existing ISO 9000 family of documents This Standard has been prepared by the ECSS E 33 11 Working Group reviewed by the ECSS Executive Secretariat and approved by the ECSS Technical Authority ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 This page is intentionally left blank ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Contents Oy Oar ecg cc RE 3 1 SCODE sa S 7 2 NommanveTereren6BS xcusootiixunftvet Cuban sho sanesna iinr nn UN peFUR aiana arbia SENE psxaedus NEUEM nnn NSDi V px aM RU 9 3 Terms definitions and abbreviated terms eese enne 11 3 1 E a O NO aa Tc 11 SM leere TT T TE Uem 15 Du v gnlee MM W 19 4 BS SANS ANG err ai cta ced es rete ames EUR nidum MEDII EMEN EMINENS Ind UR RM EMI MES 17 4 e RIS E UU UE Tr 17 4 2 Boe RETE Eu tse sae E ttre pee etcetera ba artnet ene arena ene scgeet dare e te cates nage 18 4 3 DANS SIC els TETTE 19 4 4 ava ees 9 20 4 5 vols Mee C U 20 4 6 ourvelenadaeoepermonadalcornecllloliS 6c vasmteo cider VETE PEDIdU FRE TIa E Idee ae oU 2l 4 7 TECE B LR CET To LT EET 22 4 8 Mechanical electrical and thermal requirements seems 23 4 9 weise me
48. ining explosive a Clauses 4 10 11 shall apply b Only secondary explosive with less or equal sensitivity to RDX hexogen shall be used 4 11 6 Gas generators a The properties of gas generators given in Table 14 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 45 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 14 Common ee for gas generator Property Unit ___ __ value value Bonding To next level resistance assembly Leak rate scc He s Ap 0 1 Mpa before and after firing at initiator interface Structural According to ECCS E integrity 30 10 A applies on MEOP eR eei c a wpa ononon c meu meu omui pc mew reem Duration BPM Colson c mew reem Duration BPM Lomas pc mew reem Duration reem BE 5 enere NENNEN p a Pressure Mpa TBPM TBPM Only the known and relevant output parameter shall be provided b Heat J TBPM Only the known and relevant output parameter shall be provided c Nr of mating TBPM With without de mating change of seals cycles Generated g ms TBPM Time history and Shock TBPU sampling rate Test configuration TBPU Life time Year TBPM For transport storage and operation 4 12 Explosively actuated devices 4 12 1 General a For
49. is based on the conditions that define the extreme envelope 3 1 18 end of life point in time when no characteristic has any further significant effect 3 1 19 fail operational the mission 1s possible after a failure 3 1 20 fail safe safe after a failure 3 1 21 gas generators explosive devices that produce a volume of gas or exothermic output or both Example Pyrotechnic igniters for solid propulsion applications gas generator for inflatable structures 3 1 22 initiator first explosive element in an explosive chain that upon receipt of the proper mechanical optical or electrical impulse produces a deflagrating or detonating action Note 1 The deflagrating or detonating action is transmitted to the following elements in the chain Note 2 Initiators can be electrically actuated EED s optically actuated or mechanically actuated 3 1 23 lifetime period over which any properties are required to be within defined limits See ECSS P 001B Clause 3 117 3 1 24 limit testing testing to establish the limit of a performance characteristic of a component 13 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 14 3 1 25 lot group of components produced in homogeneous groups and under uniform conditions NOTE a batch is the same as a lot 3 1 26 lot acceptance demonstration by measurement or test that a lot of items meets requirements 3 1 27 no fire stimulus with a probability of functioning equal to or less than 0 0
50. ked e g micro cracks d It shall be demonstrated by inspection of all fired components that the internal dimensions surfaces and material properties have not been degraded beyond specified limits ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 02 NOTE Erosion corrosion and burning due to the functioning can cause failure or leakage 4 14 3 Tests 4 14 3 1 Test specification a Test specification shall be performed according to ECSS E 10 03A clause 4 11 2 b The test conditions for explosive components and systems shall be derived from the operational conditions and constraints e g ground flight 1n orbit c Qualification and lot acceptance tests shall be according to clause 4 14 4 below d Acceptance tests shall be done at identical limit conditions and levels whatever the application to ensure valid reference to previous results and to reduce the numbers of tested 1tems 4 14 3 2 Test operations Test operation shall be performed according to ECSS E 10 03A clause 4 11 3 4 14 3 3 Test results Test results shall be performed according to ECSS E 10 03A clause 4 11 4 4 14 3 4 Essential confirmation For every test connection to the correct initiator shall be checked and recorded 4 14 3 5 Routing tests a It shall be demonstrated that the correct stimulus arrives at the correct initiator and no other b Records shall be kept of the routing test 4 14 3 6 End to end tests a Functional tests shall be perform
51. n 2 coupling of any explosive chain 3 testing of any explosive chain Provision shall be made for access to the interface Requirements for access shall be communicated to the user and facilities authorities The safe and arm connector shall be visibly identifiable The safe and arm connector shall be qualified for the number of required connection cycles e g to cover integration test and use The receptacle shall meet the requirements of subclause 4 10 1 NOTE Sub D connector self locking bayonet or triple start thread type can be used 29 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 g Aconnector saver shall be used NOTE This is to prevent the receptacle and contacts from wear and damage 4 10 8 Safe plug a For electrical initiators the safe plug shall 1 short circuit each initiator 2 ground each shorted initiator circuit 3 short circuit each firing circuit 4 ground each firing circuit b For optical initiators the safe plug shall be capable of absorbing or redirecting n times the maximum power the laser can generate with n defined by the user c The safe plug shall be 1 compatible with the safe and arm connector receptacle 2 suitable for use with flight hardware 3 suitable for the number of connection cycles necessary to cover integration test and use scoop proof lockable e g Sub D connector bayonet or triple start thread type visibly identified QU ope SY am carry a
52. n of the original accepted condition shall be required The correctness of all connections shall be confirmed and a record of all connections shall be maintained Site safety regulations provisions and procedures shall be checked for adequacy for explosive activities 4 16 1 Information feedback a Checks shall be made to assure the consistency of information between different equipment at different stages in the launch preparation Results shall be recorded Information shall be provided of hardware and software provisions for the monitoring and command of explosive functions and show changes from one stage to the next RF links wiring connectors and pin functions shall be specified to check the source and destination Diagrams or photographs of consoles and installations shall be provided Confirmation shall be provided that no unwanted responses or drifts have occurred 57 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 16 2 Launch site procedures a Only planned and approved activities which follow approved procedures shall be undertaken b These shall include contingency actions c Rehearsals shall be performed 4 16 3 Monitoring Confirmation of operation shall be made available immediately 4 17 Product assurance 4 17 1 General a The explosive functions on a vehicle shall be treated together as a single subsystem b Allexplosive devices shall be treated as critical items 4 17 2 Dependability
53. nges shall be recorded 4 13 2 Test equipment a ECSS E 10 02A subclause 6 3 6 shall apply b Uncontrolled modifications to equipment or procedures shall be prohibited 4 13 3 Launch site a The launch site shall provide specified transport handling and storage facilities for explosive components and systems b The status of explosive safety barriers shall be monitored when the space vehicle e g launcher satellite spacecraft induces a catastrophic risk c Provisions shall be made to make visible the status of explosive safety barriers d Any indicators used to show the status of the explosive devices and the barriers shall be clear and unambiguous e Periods of sensitivity to external environment e g EMI shall be notified to the authorities f Provisions shall be made for access to safe and arm devices for manual disarming 4 14 Verification 4 14 1 General Following exposure to the conditions specified in Clause 4 14 3 below explosive devices and systems shall meet the performance requirements specified in the appropriate Subclauses of Clauses 4 104 11 and 4 12 when measured according to the requirements of Clause 4 14 3 4 14 2 Inspection a ECSS Q 20B subclause 8 9 shall apply b Non destructive inspection is required to demonstrate specified assembly and condition of every explosive component e g X Ray or N Ray c Resolution shall be better than the dimension of the smallest feature to be chec
54. nts and systems which cannot be covered by requirements for the initiators alone are defined in specific requirements relating to the types of actuator Other components of the explosive system which can be tested and do not need specific requirements are subject to the general technical and product assurance requirements Detailed aspects of these components are included where they have a significant influence on the success of the system Single shot items can never be tested in advance Particular care is needed in their development qualification procurement and use Explosive components are not governed by the institutional component control organisations 4 1 2 Application This standard applies in addition to any existing standards and requirements applicable to spacecraft or launchers 4 1 3 Properties a The two states of the properties of the explosive system before firing and after firing shall be 1dentified and listed b For every explosive component the function primary stimulus unwanted stimuli and secondary characteristics shall be identified and quantified 17 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 2 18 Design Only qualified and lot accepted items shall be used in flight systems The properties of clause a shall remain stable over time before firing and after firing when subject to external loads or environmental conditions within the qualification values 4 2 1 General In case of redundancy
55. oads electrical including ensuring electrical continuity and EMC materials including ensuring compatibility 4 7 2 Functional a Each interface shall 1 ensure no assembly errors can be made 2 prevent damage during assembly or dismantling Whilst separated protection shall be provided to each interface NOTE This is to prevent activation or damage by external loads and environmental conditions When closed each interface shall establish stable continuity of properties between the joined elements NOTE This is to prevent disturbance of or being disturbed by external loads and environmental conditions Each interface shall sustain without degradation in both coupled and separated states 1 the assembly and dismantling duty cycle and 2 the operational and environmental conditions of the application 4 7 3 Internal Each element in the explosive system shall be compatible with its neighbour Each element shall provide outputs e g electrical mechanical thermal optical at each interface with margins over the input requirements of the next element or the explosive system output requirements ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 7 4 External a The explosive system shall be compatible with the requirements of all other subsystems on board external loading and environmental conditions b Incase a above cannot be met it shall either be agreed with the user to change the on board system requirem
56. of the normative documents indicated below For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies ECSS E 10 02A ECSS E 10 03 ECSS E 20A ECSS E 20 07 ECSS E 20 06 ECSS E 30 Part 2A ECSS E 30 10A ECSS E 33 01 ECSS E 30 Part 8A ECSS E 40 ECSS Q 20 ECSS Q 30 ECSS Q 40 ECSS Q 70B ECSS Q 70 71A ECSS Q 70 26A Space engineering Verification Space engineering Testing Space engineering Electrical and electronic Space engineering Electromagnetic compatibility Space engineering Spacecraft charging Space engineering Mechanical Part 2 Structural Space engineering Reliability based mechanical factors of safety Space engineering Mechanism Space engineering Materials Space engineering Software Space product assurance Quality assurance Space product assurance Dependability Space systems Safety Space product assurance Material mechanical parts and processes Data for selection of space materials and processes Space product assurance Crimping of high reliability electrical connections MIL STD 1576 Issue 31 7 84 Electro explosive Sub system Safety Requirements ST SG AC 10 1 Rev 14 or xx United Nations Organization Transport of Dangerous Goods ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 10 ISO 16269 6 Statistical interpretation of data Part 6 Determination of a statistical tolerance interval First edition 2005 04 01 CSG RS
57. olt or stud installation and torquing c The pre load shall be specified d The pre load shall exceed the maximum expected amplitude of the dynamic tension in the bolt and effects of thermal variations e Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Al ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 16 Requirements for separation nut and separation bolt properties value 1 Screw pre load Screw properties to tension be provided 2 Load Worst case capabilities temperatures Axial load TBPM b Transverse kN TBPM load a kN tension c Bending moment Worst case temperatures N m m c Bending Nm rad TBPM moment a Torsion Need 4 12 3 Pullers a The properties of the puller given in Table 17 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b The puller shall be capable to withdraw the pin under maximum shear and bending loads c Theretractable pin shall not rebound d Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 48 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 17 Requirements for puller properties EE Maximum Minimum Condition value value TBPM TBPM TBPM Minimum at end of stroke Pushers Table 18The properties of the pusher given in
58. ove the short from the EEDs 3 disconnect the EEDs from the ground c During transition from safe to arm each electrical switch shall disconnect before connecting to the next circuit d Clause 4 1 3 a applies 4 10 11 6 Status indicators a The device shall 1 provide remote status indications 2 provide local status indications 3 indicate Arm status with a black A on a red background or a red A 4 indicate a Safe status with a white S on a green background or a green g b The status indications shall be unambiguous c Visibility of the status indicators when installed on the spacecraft or launcher shall be ensured 4 10 11 7 Initiator Simulator resistors Application of operational voltages for at least 20 seconds shall not degrade the Safe and Arm performance or cause initiation of explosives ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 10 12 Initiator harness connector The initiator harness connector shall a comply with the interface requirements of the integral connector of the initiator b not be used for other purposes on the space vehicle c prevent connection of the wrong firing line to any initiator NOTE This can be accomplished by e g design build and marking 4 10 13 Initiator test substitute Any initiator test substitute shall be representative with respect to properties which affect the results of the test 4 11 Explosive components 4 11 1 General 4
59. reed with the end user 33 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 11 1 4 After functioning After functioning no explosive component shall cause a any disturbance beyond limits agreed with the user b contamination beyond limits agreed with the user 4 11 2 initiators cartridges detonators and packaged charges 4 11 2 1 General a The properties of initiators given in Table 1 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 1 Common requirements for initiator cartridge detonator and packaged charge properties Property mur Minimum Condition Notes value value 1 ACleakage mA TBPM TBPM current 2 Bonding mQ 10 NA To next level assembly resistance 3 Thermal Vit TBPM TBPM response 4 Leak rate sce 106 NA Ap 0 1 Mpa before He s and after firing Structural TBPM According to ECCS E 30 integrity 10 A applies on MEOP SE ee ee ee A a a Non operaing c mme meu opening fre reem reem Duration BPM stonge c reem reem Duration Tee tanger C reem TBPM Duration TPM mew i EC a Pressure Mpa TBPM TBPM Only the known and relevant output parameter shall be provided b Heat J TBPM TBPM Only the known and r
60. rements for shaped charge properties a B D EBE FP Property Unit Maximum Minimum Condition Notes value value l Cutting capabilities a Structure TBPM associated with thickness material properties Structure Mpa Debris contamin ation induced P eem ff ff Awoim on C o o Survival Non C TBPM TBPM operating Operational C TBPM TBPM i Life time Year TBPM BED transport storage and mission 4 11 4 5 Expanding tube devices a The properties of expanding tube devices given in Table 11 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown NOTE These devices include separation systems based on e detonation shock and deformation e inflation pressure generated e combination of the above b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum 42 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 11 for RT tube device Hg Property Unit mu m ee EE value value Cutting capabilities Structure TBPM TBPM TBPM Associated with material thicknesses properties e g position of the ductility elongation cutting area strain rate Cut Structure kN TBPU TBPU Associated with material loads during properties e g cutting ductility elongation strain rate plasticity w we e S Explosives TBPM TBPM Associated with tube Quantity and materials properties type Li
61. s Radius of m curvature Nr Of times one can bend Twist angle rad m g aN 3 Overall mass m m NA TBPM m m mi n O TBPM TBPM TBPM bo Linear mass of flexible part g m ends g 14 TBPM NA Linear mass of flexible part g m ends g Explosive mass g 4 11 4 3 Through bulkhead transfer devices a The properties of through bulkhead transfer devices given in Table 9 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 9 Requirements for through bulkhead transfer device properties eae da 1 value value 20 C eak rate scc He s 10 6 NA Ap 0 1 Mpa before firing Barrier tightness scc He s 10 5 NA Ap 0 1 Mpa leak rate before firing Barrier tightness scc He s 10 3 NA Ap 0 1 Mpa after leak rate firing Structural Mpa TBPM TBPM barrier resistance integrity after firing 4 11 4 4 Shaped charges A L a The properties of shaped charges given in Table 10 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Al ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Table 10 Requi
62. shall not violate single point grounding requirements f All ESD sensitive components shall be identified and listed g Unplanned electrostatic discharges shall be avoided 4 8 2 6 Voltage drop The voltage drop in the electrical circuit shall be incorporated in the provision of the required firing pulse 4 8 2 7 Electrical Bonding a The resistance to electrical ground shall not exceed the specified value NOTE See ECSS E 20 07 b The metallic parts of the explosive components shall be bonded by direct contact c The shielding of the firing circuits shall be bonded at least at both ends 4 8 2 8 Isolation a Each electrical firing circuit shall be electrically independent b The explosive system shall 1solate the function to prevent power drain or parasitic paths before and after firing c Provision shall be made to isolate power lines and return lines of the explosive system from electrical ground NOTE this is to prevent continued drain on the power system after firing when e g short circuit to ground can occur d Provisions for redundancy shall not prevent fulfilment of the requirement 4 8 2 8a above e Safe and arm device control and check out circuits shall 1 beindependent of the firing circuits 2 use separate non interchangeable connectors 4 8 2 9 Insulation resistance The explosive system shall neither function nor degrade as a result of the potential difference between the firing circuits and the shielding
63. st functional item in a explosive subsystem 3 1 7 deflagration reaction of combustion through a substance at subsonic velocity in the reacting substance 3 1 8 detonation chemical decomposition propagating through the explosive at a supersonic velocity such that a shock wave 1s generated 3 1 9 detonator initiator cartridge for high order detonating explosives 3 1 10 electro explosive device EED explosive cartridge that is electrically actuated 3 1 11 end user person who or organization that actually uses a product NOTE The end user need not be the owner or buyer 3 1 12 explosive actuator mechanism that converts the products of explosion into useful mechanical work 3 1 13 explosive chain series of explosive components including the initiator explosive transfer assembly and explosive actuator 3 1 14 explosive component any discrete item containing an explosive substance 3 1 15 explosive function any function that uses energy released from explosive substances for its operation ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 3 1 16 explosive system collection of all the explosive chains on the spacecraft or launcher system and the interface aspects of any on board computers launch operation equipment ground support and test equipment and all software associated with explosive functions 3 1 17 extreme envelope positive margin over the conditions of the qualification envelope NOTE The device or system design
64. u TBPM a Expanding tube m TBPM Number and size of unsupported windows for the length expanding tube assembly 5 Cutting conditions a Response time ms TBPM TBPM Between first input and completion of cutting Generated g ms TBPM Time history and TBPU Shock sampling rate Test configuration TBPU 5 Device leak rate scc Ap 0 1 Mpa before He s firing Device leak rate scc 10 8 NA Ap 0 1 Mpa after He s firing Particle TBPU Test method TBPU a a ee e es Non operating C reem TM Col operaio e mru mmu F Sewe c mme mmm 1 to Transport C reem mM o Lifetime Year eem Na O oN N jS T 43 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 4 11 4 6 Distribution Boxes a The properties of distribution boxes given in Table 12 shall be quantified and conform to the figures where shown b Under the conditions in column E the property in column A in the units in column B shall be between the values in column C maximum and column D minimum Table 12 A for distribution box T Property Unit Maximum m a SE otes value MES B inpatiOupa Explosives a Quantity and TBPM TBPM type Response TBPM TBPM e g detonating o o cineri i mu ooo Response time ms TBPM TBPM Between first input and all ouputs Generated g ms TBPM Time history and TBPU Shock sampling rate Test configuration TBPU Device
65. used are to be treated similarly the same requirements regulations practices and standards need to be applied which will help to avoid human error In case there 1s sufficient data to establish the reliability and confidence level for any given performance against any given condition this should be done Subsequently all margins should be converted into standard deviations and be incorporated into the reliability and confidence analysis When viewed from the perspective of a specific project context the requirements defined in this Standard should be tailored to match the genuine requirements of a particular profile and circumstances of a project NOTE Tailoring is a process by which individual requirements of specifications standards and related documents are evaluated and made applicable to a specific project by selection and in some exceptional cases modification of existing or addition of new requirements ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 This page is intentionally left blank ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions which through reference in this text constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard For dated references subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications do not apply However parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions
66. ve list Term used in text DRD title DRD reference Mathematical model requirements MMR Addendum Additional propulsion requirement ECSS E 32A for Mathematical model requirements MMR ECSS E 32A and Addendum Additional propulsion aspects ECSS E 32A for mathematical model description and ECSS E 32A delivery GUDD ECSS E 32A Modal and dynamic response analysis MDRA Stress and strength analysis SSA Structure alignment budget SAB Structure buckling SB Structure mass summary SMS Gauging analysis Analysis report gauging Annex D Performance analysis Propulsion performance analysis report AR P Annex C Performance analysis Addendum Specific propulsion aspects for Annex L material and mechanical part allowables MM Pal Plume analysis Plume analysis report AR PI Annex F Nozzle flow analysis Nozzle and discharge flow analysis report AR N Annex G Sloshing analysis Sloshing analysis report AR S Annex H Thermal analysis Applicable DRDs in ECSS E 30 Part 1 ECSS E 31A Addendum Specific propulsion aspects for Annex E thermal analysis Mathematical analysis Addendum Specific propulsion aspects for Annex L material and mechanical part allowables MM Pal Thermal model Addendum Specific propulsion aspects for Annex L material and mechanical part allowables MM Pal Transient analysis Propulsion transients analysis report AR Tr Annex I E DRDs EC
67. ve systems use materials e g explosives propellants powder binders cleaning agents cements that can be toxic corrosive highly reactive flammable dangerous with direct contact Continued exposure to the expected environmental conditions shall not cause degradation or increased sensitivity in excess of agreed limits Any sealing system used to prevent degradation shall be demonstrated to be effective No cracking shall be allowed due to shock loads NOTE Materials can become brittle at low temperatures Age sensitive materials shall only be used where degradation causes no loss of explosive system performance beyond limits agreed with the end user The nature and condition of age sensitive materials shall be identified and documented in the DMPL 27 ECSS E 33 11A Draft 4 21 Sept 2007 Ti o e The nature and condition of explosive materials shall be identified and documented in the DMPL Explosives that can react in response to normal environmental stimuli shall only be used in agreement with the user The properties of the explosives shall be reported and shall be compared with the mission requirements Degradation of the explosives shall not exceed agreed limits Degradation of explosive characteristics shall be determined by test NOTE Test methods can be DTA DSC GTA VTS 4 10 Non explosive components and equipment 4 10 1 Connectors a b C There shall be only one connection per pin The requirem

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