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CME146786CX cpuModuleTM User`s Manual

1. 10 Fail safe boot ROM ades tese 11 615 23 tod tiere eta 12 Connecting 13 Connecting the utility cable 14 Connecting Keyboard oes o e d nia o pe se ao Peta 15 Connecting to the PC 104 Bus eiie rin eee age cte 16 Booting the cpuModule for the First Time ees 17 Booting to Boot Block Flash with Fail Safe Boot ROM 18 If You Misconfigure the cpuModule sse 19 For More Information 20 Connecting the cpuModule 21 Connector doo ee dics qom aUe b A e fadus 22 Auxiliary Power CNS epe d 42 tec hls e aa AI dtes 24 Serial Ports CN 7 and CNS E ee qn ENAA 26 multiPort CN6 Parallel Port Mode 29 multiPort CN6 aDIO Mode 1 eee eene 30 multiPort CN6 Floppy Controller Mode 31 Multifunction Connector 5 33 VGA Video Connector CN18 esses eene 35 EIDE Connector GNO 36 ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket 08 38 Bus Mouse Connector 40 USB Connector CNIT eee eee 41 10 100 Base T and TX Connector CN20 42 PG TO4 Bus CN and CN2 eee D dudes 43 Configuring the cpuModule BIOS Setup 47 Disabling Fail Safe Boot ROM
2. fe eno Signat ground fat PD7 Printer Data 7 mse fo END 227 CK Acknowledge m fo GND Signa ground fa sv euy m m GND Signa ground fa _ mo e GND Signal ground 5 SLCT Ready To Receive im e RSV Reserved Do Not Connect Pin 1 2 3 e aa ae 7 8 9 o 11 12 13 114 15 16 He 19 20 EN 22 23 24 _ 25 26 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 29 multiPort CN6 aDIO Mode Pin 1 is indicated by a square solder pad on the pin This connector is located on the edge of the cpuModule along the PC 104 bus Table 10 multiPort Advanced Digital I O Connector Pinout CN6 CNG Pin Function 5825 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 30 multiPort CN6 Floppy Controller Mode The MultiPort can be configured to be a floppy drive controller This is selected in the BIOS Setup under Integrated Peripherals Only one floppy drive can be connected to the MultiPort and it is con figured as the second drive To boot the CPU from the MultiPort Floppy the following steps must be taken Drive must be set to 1 44 MB in the Standard CMOS Settings section of BIOS Setup Onboard MultiPort set to Floppy in the Integrated Peripherals section of
3. RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 43 The following table lists signals of the AT portion of the PC 104 bus Table 22 PC 104 AT Bus Connector CN2 5 vEwcsie 2 us 0 LC p ats Rats p uis Raw p o utr s weMe Hy BROS H2 fso sw pRae Ha fn fsa sb3 sb4 fs wv 1 Hs Keyingpin V Notes SA bus refresh 1 not supported by this cpuModule SA Masters are not supported by this cpuModule Keying pin positions have the pin cut on the bottom of the board and the hole plugged in the connector to prevent misalignment of stacked modules This is a feature of the PC 104 specification and should be implemented on all mating PC 104 modules Signals marked with are active low bus lines can drive a maximum current of 4 mA at TTL voltage levels PC 104 Bus Signals The following table contains brief descriptions of the PC 104 bus signals Table 23 PC 104 Bus Signals AEN Address ENable when this line is active high it means a DMA trans fer is being performed and therefore the DMA controller has control over the data bus the address bus and the control lines
4. BALE Bus Address Latch Enable active high When active it indicates that address lines SAO to SA19 are valid CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 44 Table 23 PC 104 Bus Signals DACKx E DMA ACKnowledge x 0 7 active low used to acknowledge DMA re quests DRQx I Request 0 7 these are asynchronous lines used by peripheral devices to request DMA service They have increasing priority from DRQO up to DRQ7 A DMA request is performed by setting the DRQ line high and keeping it high until the corresponding DACK line is ac tivated ENDXFR This is the only synchronous signal of the PC 104 bus and it is active low It indicates that the current bus cycle must be performed with 0 wait states It is used only for 16 bit boards IOCHCHK I I O Channel Check active low indicates an error condition that cannot be corrected IOCHRDY I I O Channel Ready this line usually high ready is pulled to a low lev el by devices which need longer bus cycles IOCS16 I I O Chip Select 16 bit this line active low is controlled by devices mapped in the I O address space It indicates they have a 16 bit bus width IOR I O Read active low indicates when the devices present on the bus can send their information on the data bus IOW I O Write active low When active it allows the peripheral devices to read data present on the data bus IRQx I Interrupt Request x 2 to 15 active on rising edge IRQ15 has top p
5. betae 48 Quick Boot Description eio eut em he t oce i ese odoris 49 Configuring with the RTD Enhanced Award BIOS 50 Using the 51 Memory Map bestens tak o E A 52 Input Output Address Map 53 Hardware Interrupts cec dettes 55 The RTD Enhanced Award BIOS no etis rente hip runi 57 Thermal Throttling 2 cone redd 58 Direct Hardware Control ten es 59 Advanced Digital I O Ports aDIO 60 Basic Interrupt Information for Programmers 66 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Watchdog Timer Control 69 Multi Color LED 72 Real Time Clock and CMOS Memory eee 73 Parallel Port Control 76 Storing Applications On board sse 77 Configuring the ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket 78 Hardware Reference 79 Jumpers and Solder Jumper Settings 80 Onboard POL Devices S e ese ae bns 84 Mechanical Dimensions eee der barbecue a 85 Processor Thermal Management sss 86 Troubleshooting 87 Common Problems and Solutions esses 88 Troubleshooting a PC 104 System sse 9 How to
6. When using half duplex in RS 485 connect the ports as shown in the table below Table 7 RS 485 Serial Port Connections Port TXD Port 1 RXD Port 1 TXD Port 1 RXD Port 1 TXD Port2 RXD Port 1 RXD Port 2 TXD CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 27 RS422 and RS485 Mode Pinout The following table gives the pinout of the serial port connector when RS422 or RS485 modes are enabled Table 8 Serial Port in RS 422 485 Mode Sia Fonction wow 089 Reseved RXD Receive Data p ixo transmit Data 5 p Ror Receive Data Reseved p 15 enD Signal ground Facing the serial port connector the pinout 1s pue e n 82 7 4 in gt out 5 TXD Transmit Data 3 8 Zo WEE p a out J5 9 7 5 3 1 when using RS485 Mode When using the serial port in RS485 mode the serial transmitters are enabled and disabled under software control The transmitters are en abled by manipulating the Request To Send RTS signal ofthe serial port controller This signal is controlled by writing bit 1 ofthe Modem Control Register MCR as follows f MCR bit 1 1 then RTS 0 and serial transmitters are disabled f MCR bit 1 0 then RTS 1 and serial transmitters are enabled For more information on the serial port registers including the MCR please refer to a standard
7. bit can be read w bit can be written to and bit can be cleared The last row lists the value of the bit after reset The register table is then followed by a description of each of the fields where applicable Advanced Watchdog Setup Register I O Port 0x18 WDT Setup Dr pet gt De opa Reserve eserve eserve DET o0 Lo LOL Co d Diesen ipe uoc de S o i WDT IRQ 2 0 Selects the Interrupt assigned to the Watchdog Timer WDT IRQIZO Interrupt Disabled Rar 100 IRQ11 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 69 Continued WOT RAR Interrupt m0 Reserved mm Reserved Reg_Enable Set this bit to 1 to enable the Watchdog Runtime Register Set to 0 to disable When Disabled the Watchdog Runtime Register does not appear in the I O map and interrupts and resets are not generated by the Watchdog Timer aDIO Watchdog Setup Register I O Port 0x1F aDIO WDT Setup 06 D4 aDIO Base DIO Tra o ov DO rw s 9 stwBos 9 aDIO Base 2 0 Selects the base address for aDIO and the Watchdog Timer based on the following ta ble aDIO Base 2 0 aDIO Base Watchdog Timer Runtime Address Register Address or oxaao 044 Watchdog Runtime Register The location of this register is determined by aDIO WDT Setup aDIO Base Reading this register also re freshes the watchdog timer WDT Run
8. Connector Locations The figure and table below show all connectors and the ATA IDE Disk Chip sockets of the cpuMod ule JP5 JP6 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc H 1 ons CN6 www rid com Made n USA CN5 JP8 CN1 Figure 3 CME146786CX Connector Locations Pin 1 of each connector is indicated by a square solder pad on the bottom of the PC board and a white box silkscreened on the top of the board CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 22 Table 2 CME146786CX Connectors QTQL Q QQ 919 Z Z al ats N Q 2 CNI7 Z Z L roe PC 104 XT Bus 64 Pin 0 1 inch PC 104 AT Bus 40 Pin 0 1 inch Auxiliary Power 12 pin 0 1 inch N 7 y Serial port 1 10 pin 0 1 inch 10 l0pin 0 linch gt 0 1 10 0 1 inch gt ATA IDE Disk Chip 32 pin Socket Switched Fan Power 2 Pin 2mm 1 5V 2 GND JP4 Disk Chip Power 3 Pin 2mm 1 2 5V 2 3 3 3V oy Continuous Fan Power 2 Pin 2mm 1 5V 2 GND JP8 RTC Battery 2 Pin 2mm 1 Vbatt 2 GND CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 23 Auxiliary Power CN3 WARNING If you improperly connect power the module will almost certainly be destroyed Please verify power connections to the module before applying power The power supply can be conveyed to the module either through the PC 104 Plus bus CN1 CN2 CN16 or through the Auxiliary P
9. Disabled 01 Port 0 Direction 1 digital interrupt 1 Enabled 10 Mask Register 11 Compare Register Digital IRO Mode 0 Event Mode 1 Match Mode DIO Control I O address aDIO Base 3 Write Access Port 1 Direction 0 Input Multi Function 1 Register Select Reserved IRQ Mode 00 Clear Mode 00 Disabled 01 Port 0 Direction 01 Strobe 10 Mask Register 10 Event 11 Compare Register 11 Match Multi Function at aDIO Base 2 Contents Based on Bits D 1 0 of DIO Control read write 00 Clear 0 in 1 out 01 Port 0 Dir 0 mask 10 DIO Mask M7 6 M5 M4 M3 M2 M1 read write 11 Compare Clear Register A read to this register Clears the IRQs and a write to this register sets the DIO Compare DIO Mask DIO Control Port and Port0 to zeros A write to this register is used to clear the board Port 0 Direction Register Writing a zero to a bit in this register makes the corresponding pin in the DIO connector an input Writing a one to a bit in this register makes the corresponding pin in the DIO connector an output Mask Register Writing a zero to a bit in this register will not mask off the corresponding bit in the DIO Compare register Writing a one to a bit this register masks off the corresponding bit in the DIO Compare register When all bits are masked off the DIOs comparator is disabled This condition means Event and Match mode wi
10. Boot ROM as well as load the default BIOS settings The ROM DISK that contains the Fail Safe Boot ROM acts as an example of what can be programmed into the flash chip Last Fail Safe Boot ROM allows files to be transferred on or off the storage devices in the system by use of REMSERV and REMDISK two ROM DOSTM utilities If the user would need remote access to the system run REMSERV on the target system and REM DISK on the host system The end result would be that the storage devices on the target system would appear as additional drives on the host system Information could then be transferred between hard disks by using a standard NULL Modem cable over a serial port REMSERV makes the con nection appear as an additional drive to the user For details concerning this type of access please refer to the ROM DOS user s guide shipped with your board By default boards are shipped with fail safe boot ROM en able When Fail Safe Boot ROM is enabled the system will boot to it exclusively The first time your system will boot to the DOS prompt at the first available drive letter If you do not intend to use REMSERV or REMDISK or you intend to boot from another device you will need to disable Fail Safe Boot ROM See the steps below for the method to disable it Reset the system by either shutting it off and turning it on or by using the reset button while the system is booting repeatedly press the DEL key to enter the BIOS setup
11. Interrupt Mask Register IMR Each bit in the interrupt mask register IMR contains the mask status of an IRQ line bit 0 is for IRQO bit 1 is for IRQI and so on Ifa bit is set equal to 1 then the corresponding IRQ is masked and it will not generate an interrupt If a bit is clear equal to 0 then the corresponding IRQ is un masked and can generate interrupts The IMR is programmed through port 21H Writing an Interrupt Service Routine The first step in adding interrupts to your software is to write the interrupt service routine ISR This is the routine that will automatically be executed each time an interrupt request occurs on the spec ified IRQ An ISR is different than standard routines that you write First on entrance the processor registers should be pushed onto the stack BEFORE you do anything else Second just before exiting your ISR you must clear the interrupt status flag of the DM5812 and write an end of interrupt com mand to the 8259 controller Finally when exiting the ISR in addition to popping all the registers you pushed on entrance you must use the IRET instruction and not a plain RET The IRET automat ically pops the flags CS and IP that were pushed when the interrupt was called If you find yourself intimidated by interrupt programming take heart Most C compilers al low you to identify a procedure function as an interrupt type and will automatically add these instructions to your ISR with one importa
12. LIMITED TO THE DURATION OF THIS WARRANTY IN THE EVENT THE PRODUCT IS NOT FREE FROM DEFECTS AS WARRANTED ABOVE THE PURCHASER S SOLE REMEDY SHALL BE REPAIR OR REPLACEMENT AS PROVID ED ABOVE UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL RTD Embedded Technologies BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR ANY USER FOR ANY DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY INCIDEN TAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES EXPENSES LOST PROFITS LOST SAVINGS OR OTHER DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PRODUCT SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES FOR CONSUMER PRODUCTS AND SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS OR EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 103 Innovation Blvd State College PA 16803 0906 USA Our website www rtd com CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 93 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 94
13. Obtain Technical Support sse 92 Limited Warranty 93 Table Of Figures CME146786CX Block Diagram tenete nnne 5 CME146786CX Basic Connector Locations 10 CME146786CX Connector Locations 22 CME146786CX Jumper Locations Top 81 CME146786CX Jumper Locations Bottom 82 Table Of Tables Power Consumptioh usce eto ast d iod e pei denda 8 CMET46786C X CODDGCIOES 23 Auxiliary Power Connector CN3 sess 24 Serial Port Base Address and IRQ Options 26 Serial Port RS 232 Mode s us eO tese ren an corr me eR ret 26 RS 422 Serial Port Connections sse 27 RS 485 Serial Port Connections 27 Serial Port in RS 422 485 Mode 1 sse 28 multiPort Parallel Port Connector Pinout CN6 29 multiPort Advanced Digital I O Connector Pinout CN6 30 multiPort Connector Floppy Pinout CN6 31 Multifunction Connector 5 33 Keyboard Connector Pins on CNS sss 34 VGA Video p eod piat 35 Supported Video Resolutions and BIOS Settings 35 B
14. PC AT hardware reference for the 16550 type UART CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 28 multiPort CN6 Parallel Port Mode The parallel port is available on connector CN6 Make sure the BIOS setup sets the multiPort to parallel port You can use the BIOS Setup to select the parallel port s address associated interrupt and choose between its operational modes SPP ECP EPP 1 7 and EPP 1 9 The pinout of the connector allows a ribbon cable to directly connect it to a DB25 connector thus providing a standard PC compatible port The following tables lists the parallel port signals and explains how to connect it to a DB25 connec tor to obtain a PC compatible port CME146786CX For correct operation keep the length of the cable connect ing the cpuModule and parallel device less than 3 meters 10 feet Table 9 multiPort Parallel Port Connector Pinout CN6 Signa Function iwut 9825 Strobebata__ 1 AFD Autotee Jow 4 PDo Printer Daa LSB ot 2 ERR Printer Error fm 5 por Paraeroa Imitializeprinter fout 6 poz Printer Data Tout a Select printer ow 7 PD3 Printer Datas low fs GND Sigmdgrouni fe PD4 Printer Dataa ow fe GND Signa ground fo POS Printer Datas 7 GND Signa ground fa PDS Printer Datas
15. Sets the hour byte to 12 or 24 hour time 0 12 hour 1 24 hour This is typically set to 24 hour mode Bit 0 Daylight Savings Enable When high the RTC will automatically update itself for Daylight Savings Time It is recommended to leave this bit low and let the operating system manage time zones and DST 0 Status Register C Read Only e Bit 7 IRQ Flag Indicates that the Real Time Clock IRQ Is asserted Goes high whenever one of the enabled inter rupt conditions in Register B occurs Bit 6 Periodic Flag Bit 5 Alarm Flag Bit 4 Update Ended Flag e Bit 3 0 Reserved Reading this register will also clear any ofthe set flags IRQ Period ic Alarm Update Ended Note that even if the interrupt source is not enabled in Register B the flags in Register C bits 4 5 and 6 may still be set RTC Status Register D e Bit 7 Valid Time Date always reads 1 Bits 6 0 Reserved CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 74 CME146786CX Table 30 Real Time Clock Registers RTC registers that are not listed above are used by the BIOS and should be considered Reserved Altering the contents of any unlisted RTC register may interfere with the opera tion of your cpuModule The specific uses of the RTC reg isters will depend on the BIOS version loaded on the cpuModule Contact RTD s technical support for more in formation RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 75 Parallel Port Control The paral
16. each option For more information about the BIOS options please contact the factory Starting Setup You can run Setup by Re boot the cpuModule and repeatedly press the Del key When you are finished with Setup save your changes and exit The system will automatically reboot Using the Setup Program displays in Setup consist of two areas The left area lists the available selections The right area displays help messages which you should always read To see the default setting press F1 If you need more information about the various BIOS settings and what they do contact RTD s technical support Field Selection You move between fields in Setup using the keys listed below Table 24 BIOS Setup Utility Keys Function gt move between fields selects next previous values in fields lt PgUp gt lt PgDn gt Enter Go to the submenu for the field or list options of current field to previous menu then to exit menu CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 50 CHAPTER 5 USING THE CPUMODULE This chapter provides information for users who wish to develop their own applications programs for the cpuModule This chapter includes information on the following topics Memory map O Address map nterrupts Power On Self Tests POSTs System Functions Watchdog Timer Real Time Clock Configuring the ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket Utility Programs CME146786CX RTD Embedde
17. on strobe CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 6 Watchdog Timer Selectable reset time out of 2sec 1 0 75 sec 0 50 sec Can generate an interrupt after 1sec 0 75 sec 0 50 sec 0 25 sec Watchdog Refresh and Active registers are accessible from Window Fail safe Boot ROM Surface mount Flash chip that holds ROM DOS IM Provides an operating system with nothing else attached ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket 32 pin ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket supports miniature ATA IDE Flash Disk Chips Supports capacities up to 8GB e Natively supported by all major operating systems Peripherals Two serial ports software configurable for RS232 422 485 Baud rates from 50 to 115200 baud Parallel port with SPP ECP EPP capability and selectable interrupts and DMA channel PC AT standard keyboard port A PS 2 mouse port PC speaker port Real Time Clock requires user supplied external battery for date and time backup BIOS RTD Enhanced Award BIOS User configurable using built in Setup program Nonvolatile configuration without a battery Can boot from floppy disk hard disk ATA IDE Disk Chip fail safe boot ROM or USB Connections AT bus per PC 104 specifications 64 pin 40 CN2 Auxiliary Power Connector 12 pin CN3 PS 2 Mouse Connector 4 pin CN4 Multifunction connector 10 pin CN5 multiPort connector 26 pin CN6 Serial port 1 connector 10 pin CN7 Serial port 2 connector 10 pin CN8 SVGA Mo
18. 5 implements the following interfaces keyboard Speaker output e System reset input Battery input To use these interfaces you must connect to the Multifunction connector making sure the orienta tion of pin 1 is correct If you are using the Multifunction cable from our cable kit the cable provides asmall speaker a 5 pin PS 2 connector for the keyboard a push button for resetting the PC 104 sys tem and a lithium battery to provide backup power to the Real Time Clock To connect individual devices to the Multifunction connector please see Multifunction Connector CNS on page 33 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 14 Connecting a Keyboard You may plug a PC AT compatible keyboard directly into the circular DIN connector of the Multi function cable in our cable kit Some newer keyboards may use a smaller mini DIN connector you will need an adapter to plug these keyboards into the cpuModule These connectors are available for order instead of the default circular DIN connector Many keyboards are switchable between PC XT and AT operating modes with the mode usually selected by a switch on the back or bot tom of the keyboard For correct operation with this cpuModule you must select AT mode CMEI146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 15 Connecting to the PC 104 Bus The PC 104 bus connectors ofthe cpuModule are simply plugged onto a PC 104 stack to connect to other devices We reco
19. B Controller 3057 1106 ACPI Power Management Controller 1209 8086 Ethernet Controller 8D01 5333 Video Controller CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 84 Mechanical Dimensions The following figure shows mechanical dimensions of the module Dimensions are in inches mm 250 8 35 DIA PAD 125 3 18 DIA HOLE 079 2 0 TYP 4 PLACES 3 550 90 17 gt 3 350 85 09 3 250 82 55 3 150 80 01 075 2 0 Dia Hole Typ 4 Places 3 057 77 65 0000000000000000000 00000000000000000000 o ou o oo oo oo oo pit 400 10 16 oo 350 8 89 p 250 6 35 200 5 08 000 000 ee 8 g 88 E amp gg 8 m m J3 Ho 368 9 35 435 11 05 p 062 1 57 410 A 2 A 11 18 10 41 Max Component Height 190 4 83 420 10 87 Connector Shroud CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 85 Processor Thermal Management The industrial grade processor IC of the cpuModule must receive adequate cooling to ensure proper operation and good reliability The case temperature of the processor must not exceed 100 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 86 CHAPTER 7 TROUBLESHOOTING Many problems you may encounter with operation of your cpuModule are due to common errors This chapter will
20. BIOS Setup Swap Floppy Drive set to Enabled in the Advanced BIOS Fea tures section of BIOS Setup First Boot Device set to Floppy in the Advanced BIOS Features section of BIOS Setup Floppy drive with adapter board is attached to CN6 Pin 1 is indicated by a square solder pad on the pin This connector is located on the edge of the cpuModule along the PC 104 bus The following table shows the pin assignments to connect a flop py drive to the multiPort Table 11 multiPort Connector Floppy Pinout CN6 CN6 Pin Floppy Drive Pin s me 2 4 z 5 TRKOf 3 26 p werprt _ 4 m gt s Row s mo psoe e Hz few fe deo ee 0 0 uu l a jeo odapins jeo ja is calc c Hs Nb zz 1 jew Js 231 MTR 11 te y 23 WDATA 12 22 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 31 Table 11 multiPort Connector Floppy Pinout CN6 Continued odd pins woma 26 These signals must be pulled to 5V with separate 470 Ohm resistors CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 32 Multifunction Connector CN5 The Multifunction connector implements the following functions Speaker output keyboard e System reset input e Battery Input The following table gives the pinout of the Multifunction connect
21. CME146786CX cpuModule User s Manual RTD Enhanced Award BIOS Versions 6 00 xx RTD Embedded Technologies Inc Real Time Devices Accessing the Analog World BDM 610000068 1309001 and AS9100 Certified Rev A CME146786CX cpuModule User s Manual RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 103 Innovation Blvd State College PA 16803 0906 Phone 1 814 234 8087 FAX 1 814 234 5218 E mail sales rtd com techsupport rtd com web site http www rtd com Revision History Rev A Initial Release Published by RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 103 Innovation Blvd State College 16803 0906 Copyright 1999 2002 2009 by RTD Embedded Technologies Inc rights reserved Printed in U S A The RTD Logo is a registered trademark of RTD Embedded Technologies cpuModule and utilityModule are trademarks of RTD Embedded Technologies PS 2 PC XT PC AT and IBM are trademarks of Interna tional Business Machines Inc MS DOS Windows Windows 95 Windows 98 and Windows NT are trade marks of Microsoft Corp PC 104 is a registered trademark of PC 104 Consortium other trademarks appearing in this document are the property of their respective owners Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Introduction 3 The 146786 epuModule 4 Specifications uoi 6 9 Basic Connector Locations
22. Choose INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS using the arrow keys and enter Once in INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS set Fail Safe Boot ROM Disabled CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 18 If You Misconfigure the cpuModule It is possible that you may incorrectly configure the cpuModule using Setup If this happens the cor rect procedure is Start Re booting the cpuModule While the system is re booting repeatedly press the Del key until the cpuModule enters Setup Change the parameters to correctly match your system If the above fails Insert jumper JP5 This will force the cpuModule to boot using the default configu ration Boot the cpuModule Press the Del key to enter Setup or allow the cpuModule to boot to Failsafe CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 19 For More Information This chapter has been intended to get the typical user up and running quickly If you need more de tails please refer to the following chapters for more information on configuring and using the cpu Module CMEI146786CX 20 Phone 814 234 8087 Fax 814 234 5218 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 103 Innovation Blvd State College PA 16803 0906 USA Our website www rtd com Our e mail techsupport rtd com RTD Embedded Technologies Inc CHAPTER 3 CONNECTING THE CPUMODULE This chapter contains necessary information for any of the connectors on the cpuModule CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 21
23. I O address aDIO Base 0 m T T9 Te T I9 P0 7 P0 6 P0 5 P0 4 P0 3 P0 2 1 P0 0 Port 0 Data register is a read write bit direction programmable register A particular bit can be set to input or output A read of an input bit returns the value of port 0 A read of an output bit returns the last value written to Port 0 A write to an output bit sends that value to port zero Port 1 data address aDIO Base 1 m T P1 7 P1 6 P1 5 P1 4 P1 3 P1 2 P1 1 P1 0 Port 1 Data register is a read write byte direction programmable register A read on this register when it is programmed to input will read the value at the DIO connector A write on this register when it is programmed as output will write the value to the DIO connector A read on this register when it is set to output will read the last value sent to the DIO connector Multi Function I O address aDIO Base 2 m Te Te Is Te T Iw Multi Function register is a read write register whose contents are set by the DIO Control register See the DIO Control register description for a description of this register CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 62 DIO Control I O address aDIO Base 3 Read Access Strobe0 Status Strobel Status 0 no strobe 0 no strobe Port 1 Direction 1 strobe 1 strobe 0 Input Multi Function 1 Output Register Select Digital IRQ Status Digital IRQ Enable 00 Clear Mode 0 no digital interrupt 0
24. IDE Connector C NO au ine uhi 36 ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket U8 sees 38 Bus Mouse Connector sessi 40 USB Connector CNT sedente a E 41 10 100 Base T and TX Connector CN20 42 PC 104 XT Bus Connector eee eene 43 PC 104 AT Bus Connector CN2 44 PE 104 Bus Signals S asc dla tee ios Co UN DR qoe EU UNE 44 BIOS Setup Utility Keys 50 First Megabyte Memory seen 52 Addresses Reserved for the cpuModule 53 Hardware Interrupts Used on the cpuModule 55 EED Color noi n C D n TU 72 Manual LED C e est ete habe 72 Real Time Clock Registers re esr ns 73 Jumpers and Default Settings 83 Solder Jumpers and Default Settings 83 Onboard PCI Devices a 84 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION CMEI146786CX Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 This manual is meant for users developing with the CME146786CX cpu Module It contains information on hardware and software of the cpu Module READ THE SPECIFICATIONS FIRST The manual is organized as follows Introduction Introduces main features and specifications Getting Started Provides abbreviated instructions to get start
25. Lines To allow different peripheral devices to generate interrupts on the same computer the PC bus has eight different interrupt request IRQ lines A transition from low to high on one of these lines gen erates an interrupt request which is handled by the PC s interrupt controller The interrupt controller checks to see if interrupts are to be acknowledged from that IRQ and if another interrupt is already in progress it decides if the new request should supersede the one in progress or if it has to wait until the one in progress is done This prioritizing allows an interrupt to be interrupted if the second re quest has a higher priority The priority level is based on the number of the IRQ IRQO has the high est priority is second highest and so on through IRQ7 which has the lowest Many of the IRQs are used by the standard system resources IRQO is used by the system timer IRQI is used by the keyboard IRQ3 by 2 IRQ4 by COMI and IRQ6 by the disk drives Therefore it is im portant for you to know which IRQ lines are available in your system for use by the module CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 66 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller The chip responsible for handling interrupt requests in the PC is the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller To use interrupts you need to know how to read and set the 8259 s interrupt mask reg ister IMR and how to send the end of interrupt EOI command to the 8259
26. cial driv ers The ATA IDE Disk Chip socket does not support conven tional SSD memory devices or devices that install as a BIOS extension such as the M Systems DiskOnChip If such a device is installed the cpuModule will almost cer tainly be destroyed Table 17 ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket U8 b VDD may be set to 3 3V or 5V with jumper JP4 Installing and Configuring the ATA IDE Disk Chip To ensure proper installation and of the ATA IDE Disk Chip follow the following configuration steps Note that the first few steps must be performed before installing the Disk Chip Before installing the ATA IDE Disk Chip in the Disk Chip Socket U16 specify the Disk Chip supply voltage by setting jumper JP4 to select either 3 3V or 5V Re fer to page 80 for more details Next apply power to the system and press the delete key repeatedly to enter the BIOS setup screen Once in the BIOS specify the following settings Enable the cpuModule s secondary IDE channel Specify the IDE mode of the ATA IDE Disk Chip For more information on the supported IDE modes refer to page 78 Save the settings in the BIOS setup CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 38 Remove power from the system The preceding steps should be performed before installing the Disk Chip in the ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket These steps ensure that the system is properly configured for the correct device and supply voltage so neither th
27. covered in this chapter include Disabling Fail Safe Boot ROM Configuring Using the Setup Program CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 47 Disabling Fail Safe Boot ROM Be sure that JP5 is not installed Reset the system by either shutting it off and turning it on or by using the reset button While the system is booting repeatedly press the DEL key to enter the BIOS setup Choose INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS using the arrow keys and enter Once in INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS set Fail Safe Boot ROM Disabled CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 48 Quick Boot Description The RTD Enhanced Award BIOS contains a feature called Quick Boot When Quick Boot is enabled the BIOS skips all non essential tests during POST This feature is intended to minimize the amount of time it takes for the system to boot Quick Boot is enabled by default It may be disabled from the BIOS setup However when Quick Boot is disabled it may take a very long time one minute or more for the cpuModule to boot Therefore it is rec ommended to leave Quick Boot enabled for production systems With Quick Boot enabled expect to achieve boot times of 8 seconds or less With certain system configura tions boot times of under 5 seconds may be possible The above times are typical times for the BIOS to finish booting They do not include Operating System load time Different operating systems have radically different boot times If boot times are
28. cpuModule will enter Setup Once you have configured the cpuModule using Setup save your changes and reboot By default boards are shipped with fail safe boot ROM en able When Fail Safe Boot ROM is enabled the system will boot to it exclusively CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 17 Booting to Boot Block Flash with Fail Safe Boot ROM The Fail Safe Boot ROM is a special build of ROM DOS located inside a surface mounted Boot Block Flash chip that is memory mapped to the SSD window Boot Block Flash is a write protected flash device that contains the BIOS and extra room where the Fail Safe Boot ROM is stored in the ROM DISK The build is special because it can understand the ROM DISK format on the flash chip Additionally Fail Safe Boot ROM is an emergency interface accessible by an external computer The ROM DISK contains REMDISK and REMSERVE for remote access to the system s disk drives Due to the size of the flash chip Fail Safe Boot ROM contains an abbreviated selection of the ROM DOS utilities however the complete ROM DOS is contained on a CD shipped with the board The purpose of the Fail Safe Boot ROM is to make the board bootable when the customer receives the cpuModule Fail Safe Boot ROM can be used as an indicator of the board s functionality when booting problems arise with another operating system This test can be accomplished by installing JP5 Installing JP5 forces the cpuModule to boot to Fail Safe
29. critical for your system be sure to use an operating system that can load quickly The exact boot time of your system will depends on its configuration Some factors that may affect boot time are Hard Drives During POST all IDE devices are initialized Some IDE devices may be very slow to initialize Removing or disabling unused IDE devices may improve boot times Boot Order The BIOS searches for a boot device based on the order specified in the BIOS Making your boot device the first item in this list may improve boot times BIOS Extension Devices Some add on cards e g Ethernet controllers SCSI controllers may contain BIOS extensions These BIOS extensions may add several seconds to the boot time Controller VGA Controllers have a VGA BIOS which must be initialized during POST Just like BIOS extension devices it takes time for the initialization Removing all VGA controllers from the system and disabling the onboard VGA may improve boot times ISA Plug N Play If your system does not contain any ISA Plug N Play boards you may disable this feature in the BIOS to improve boot times CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 49 Configuring with the RTD Enhanced Award BIOS The cpuModule Setup program allows you to customize the cpuModule s configuration Selections made in Setup are stored on the board and are read by the BIOS at power on The BIOS setup utility includes a help pane that describes
30. croseconds OSC CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 45 Table 23 PC 104 Bus Signals RESETDRV This line active high is used to reset the devices on the bus at power on or after a reset command SA0 19 Address bits 0 to 19 these lines are used to address the memory space and the space SAO is the least significant bit while SA19 15 the most significant bit pu IR active low signal indicates a transfer of the most significant data e SD15 SD8 BLAN 15 Data bits these are the high byte data bus lines SD8 is the least signif icant bit SD15 the most significant bit 00 7 IO Data bits these are the low byte data bus lines SDO is the least signifi cant bit SD7 the most significant bit SMEMR o Memory Read command active low SMEMW SMEMW 0 Memory Write command active low Memory Write command active low Write command active low SYSCLK System Clock 8 0MHz with a 50 duty cycle Only driven during ex ternal bus cycles Terminal Count this line is active high and indicates the conclusion of a DMA transfer PC 104 Bus Termination Termination of PC 104 bus signals is not recommended since this cpuModule incorporates source termination on bus signals and may cause malfunctions of the cpuModule CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 46 CHAPTER 4 CONFIGURING THE CPUMODULE BIOS SETUP This chapter contains information to configure the cpuModule Topics
31. d Technologies Inc 51 Memory Map The ISA portion of the cpuModule addresses memory using 24 address lines This allows a maxi mum of 274 locations or 16 Megabytes of memory The table below shows how memory in the first megabyte is allocated in the system Table 25 First Megabyte Memory Map F0000 FFFFFh BIOS ROM 256 KB BIOS in Flash EPROM shadowed into DRAM dur ing runtime E 0000 EFFFFh BIOS Decompres Used during boot to decompress the BIOS This should not be used for hardware devices however it is free for use after the system has booted D0000 FFFFh Available This area is always available for hardware devices Legacy USB This area is used for USB keyboard and USB boot It can be freed by disabling USB Keyboard and by not attaching any USB storage devices Alternately the USB controller can be disabled This area is always immediately after the video BIOS C0000 CBFFFh Video BIOS If an external video card is used the size of this area may typical change e pesos Bosamam CS peser Memory beyond the first megabyte can be accessed in real mode by using EMS or a similar memory manager See your OS or programming language references for information on memory managers CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 52 Input Output Address Map As with all standard PC 104 boards the Input Output I O space is addressed by 10 address lines SA0 SA9 This a
32. d regardless of tem perature CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 58 Direct Hardware Control Some ofthe cpuModule hardware 15 controlled directly without using BIOS routines These include Advanced Digital I O aDIO Watchdog Timer Real Time Clock Control Parallel Port Control The following sections describe use of these features CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 59 Advanced Digital I O Ports aDIO This board supports 16 bits of TTL CMOS compatible digital I O TTL signalling plus two strobe inputs Use the BIOS setup to set the multiPort into its aDIO mode These I O lines are grouped into two ports port 0 and port 1 Port 0 is bit direction programmable and Port 1 is byte program mable Port 0 supports RTD s two Advanced Digital Interrupt modes ADI The two modes are match and event Match mode generates an interrupt when an eight bit pattern is received in parallel that matches the match mask register The second ADI mode generates an interrupt when a change occurs on any bit In either mode masking can be used to monitor selected lines When the CPU boots all digital I O line are programmed as inputs What this condition means is the digital I O line s initial state is undetermined If the digital I O lines must power up to a known state an external 10 K Ohm resistor must be added to pull the line high or low Additionally when the CPU boots up interrupts 5 7 10 11 and 12 are masked off Se
33. ded Technologies Inc 81 e my eee e Figure 5 CME146786CX Jumper Locations Bottom CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 82 Table 31 Jumpers and Default Settings 2 pin jumper Used to enable disable 120 ohm termination resistor on first serial port for RS 422 485 mode default Open no termination 2 pin jumper Used to enable disable 120 ohm termination resistor on first serial port for RS 422 485 mode default Open no termination 3 pin jumper Used to select power for an ATA IDE Disk Chip socket 1 to 2 is 5 Volts on board 2 to 3 is 3 3 Volts on board default Positions 2 and 3 2 pin jumper Used for setting to boot to Fail Safe Boot ROM and restoring factory BIOS settings default Open 2 pin jumper Factory use only do not close default Open Table 32 Solder Jumpers and Default Settings B2 Two position solder jumper to connect USB shield ground to frame ground Default is not connected B4 Two position solder jumper to connect frame ground to digital ground De fault is not connected 5 B Two position solder jumper to connect Ethernet shield ground to frame ground Default is not connected CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 83 Onboard PCI Devices The CME146786CX cpuModule has several onboard PCI devices all of which are listed in the table below Table 33 Onboard PCI Devices s wm 3038 1106 US
34. e Disk Chip or cpuModule are damaged nsert the Disk Chip in the ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket aligning pin 1 with the square solder pad on the board Apply power to the system Re enter the BIOS and set the boot order of the system accordingly CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 39 Bus Mouse Connector CN4 The following table gives the pinout of the Bus Mouse connector Table 18 Bus Mouse Connector CN4 Sina Tension 5v C Ground fow Mouse Clock out lt moat Mouse Data foia Facing the connector pins the pinout is CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 40 USB Connector CN17 Two USB 1 1 compliant ports are available on CN17 The following table gives the pinout of the USB connector Table 19 USB Connector CN17 SPINDPin 10PINDILPin Signa Function VCC1 Supply 5V to USB1 out VCC2 Supply 5V to USB2 outs DATA1 Bi directional data line in out for USB1 DATA2 Bi directional data line in out for USB2 DATA1 Bi directional data line in out for USB1 DATA2 Bi directional data line in out for USB2 7 GRND Signal Ground ut i GRND Signat Ground ou Signal Ground Signal Ground Facing the connector pins the pinout 1s GRND RND RND 10 ON D N 146786 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 41 10 100 Base T and TX Connector CN20 The
35. e with most real time operating systems for PC com patible computers although these may require creation of custom drivers to use the watchdog timer CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 5 Specifications CMEI46786CX Intel Celeron CPU with Twister T Chipset 400 MHz to 650 MHz clock speed 0 95 1 10 V processor supply provided on board 32 kB L1 Cache 256 kB L2 Cache Math coprocessor 100 MHz Front Side Bus Memory Configurations 66 100 133 MHz SDRAM selectable in BIOS Available Memory Sizes 128MB 256MB Video Controller e AGP S3 Savage SVGA Controller e Analog SVGA Output e 2 4 8 16 32 MB Frame Buffer DMA Interrupts Timers Six 6 DMA channels 8237 compatible Fifteen 15 interrupt channels 8259 compatible Three 3 counter timers 8254 compatible Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APIC USB ports 2 USB 1 1 ports Boot to USB devices Floppy Hard Drive CD ROM Flash Key ZIP Drive Ultra DMA 100 66 33 EIDE Controller Transfer rate up to 100M sec using UltraDMA Support ATAPI compliant devices including DVD drives e 48 bit LBA support for hard drives larger than 137 GB Support up to 2 2 tera Bytes Advanced Digital aDIO Two 8 bit TTL compatible programmable Digital I O Ports plus two Strobe inputs One port is bit direction programmable and the other is byte direction programmable Advanced Interrupt modes Interrupt on change Interrupt on match Interrupt
36. ed Connecting the cpuModule Provides information on connecting the cpuModule to peripherals Configuring the cpuModule Provides information on configuring hardware and software Using the cpuModule Provides information needed to develop applications for the cpuModule The chapter includes general information on the cpuModule plus de tailed information on storing applications and system functions and us ing utility programs Hardware Reference Lists jumpers and their locations and mechanical dimensions Troubleshooting Offers advice on debugging problems with your system Warranty RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 3 The CME146786CX cpuModule The PC 104 cpuModules described in this manual are designed for industrial applications which re quire software and hardware compatibility with the PC AT world high speed number crunching operation low power consumption small physical dimensions high reliability good noise immunity This cpuModule is highly integrated combining all major functions of a PC AT computer on one compact board It integrates all primary I O functions of a AT compatible computer SVGA controller Analog SVGA output UltraDMA 33 66 100 EIDE Controller a keyboard interface parallel port two versatile RS232 422 485 serial ports a Real Time Clock a speaker port a PS 2 mouse port two USB ports One twisted pair 10 100 Base T and TX connection based on an Intel 82559ER PHY It also e
37. et a PC 104 system operational If you are one of these users you can get your system up and running quickly by following a few simple steps described in this chapter Briefly these steps are Connect power Connect the utility cable Connect a keyboard Default BIOS Configuration Fail Safe Boot ROM Connect a VGA monitor to the SVGA connector Refer to the remainder of this chapter for details on each of these steps CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 9 Basic Connector Locations The following figure and table show the connectors used in this chapter JP5 28 RD wea Technologies Inc CME146786CX CN7 58 i5 CN6 E CN5 HP8 CN1 Figure 2 CME146786CX Basic Connector Locations For a complete listing of connectors please refer to Connector Locations on page 22 Pin 1 of each connector is indicated by a square solder pad on the bottom of the PC board and a white square silk screened on the top of the board CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 10 Fail safe boot ROM Fail Safe Boot ROM 1 supplied with the board This feature is programmed into a surface mount flash chip The programmed boot ROM is ROM DOS Fail Safe Boot ROM allows the system to boot without any attached storage devices 1 e floppy IDE ATA IDE Disk Chip Installing jumper JP5 will force the cpuModule to use fail safe boot ROM as well as load the default BIOS settings This configuration allo
38. f EIDE or IDE devices The connector provides all signals and power needed to use a 2 5 form factor laptop hard drive Also the first 40 pins of the connector provide all ofthe signals needed to interface to a 3 5 or 5 form factor hard drive CD ROM drive or other EIDE device The larger form factors use a 40 pin 0 1 inch spacing connector so an adapter cable or adapter board is needed In order to use faster than UDMA Mode 2 Ultra ATA 33 an 80 conductor cable is required The BIOS automatically detects the presence of an 80 conductor cable To connect to an 80 conductor cable to CN12 and adapter board is required CME146786CX 36 Table 16 EIDE Connector CN9 DMARG 3 DIOW STOP 25 DIOR HDMARDY HSTROBE IORDY DDMARDY DSTROB 23 cse 2 DWACK 4 PDIAGDAO s pme 36 DA2 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc Table 16 EIDE Connector CN9 Continued few 1s Hi Fogo Hz 5V motor H4 Nc CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 37 ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket U8 The ATA IDE Disk Chip socket is a 32 pin socket that supports 3 3 V or 5V miniature ATA IDE flash disk chips The socket allows a true IDE device to be attached to the board with either a socketed or soldered con nection Such true IDE devices are supported by all major operating systems and do not require spe
39. functionality of this port is based on the INTEL 82559ER Fast Ethernet PCI controller The following table gives the pinout of CN18 The Ethernet controller can be disabled in the BIOS Set up Table 20 10 100 Base T and TX Connector CN20 Pin E Termination connected to pin 4 Termination connected to pin 3 Termination connected to pin 8 Termination connected to pin 7 146786 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 42 PC 104 Bus 1 and CN2 Connectors CN1 and CN2 carry signals of the PC 104 bus these signals match definitions of the IEEE 1284 standard The following tables list the pinouts of the PC 104 bus connectors The following table lists the signals of the XT portion of the PC 104 bus see Notes below AT Bus table CME146786CX Table 21 PC 104 XT Bus Connector CN1 Roe 7 p 7 RESETDRV 5 s ev p E s s 5v p sos E WV 1 s sS NC E Ho IOCHRDY Keyingpin Hp AEN SMEMW Hz fsm SMEMRT fsm H4 sar iom 5 SM He Hs sMs Hs fsm m fsm m fse Ras fse a sa s E m AERE
40. help you get your system op erating properly It contains Common problems and solutions Troubleshooting a PC 104 system How to obtain technical support How to return a product CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 87 Common Problems and Solutions The following table lists some of the common problems you may encounter while using your cpu Module and suggests possible solutions If you are having problems with your cpuModule please review this table before contacting techni cal support Windows Linux does not Flat panelis enabled andsetto Disable flat panel or set it to a higher res display entire screen a lower resolution than the op olution erating system resolution cpuModule will not boot no power or wrong polarity check for correct power on PC 104 bus connectors incorrect setup install jumper JP5 reboot and press Del video disabled etc key to run Setup defective or mis connected de check for misaligned bus connectors vice on bus remove other cards from stack cable connected backwards verify all cables are connected correctly Disk Chip installed backwards check for a Disk Chip installed in socket backwards does not recognize Setup jumper JP5 installed turn off power remove JP5 reboot changes will not boot from particu device not bootable use sys command on drive or re format the lar drive or device device using the s switch device not formatted format drive using s s
41. hip for one year following the date of shipment from RTD Embedded Technologies INC This warranty is limited to the original pur chaser of product and is not transferable During the one year warranty period RTD Embedded Technologies will repair or replace at its op tion any defective products or parts at no additional charge provided that the product 15 returned shipping prepaid to RTD Embedded Technologies All replaced parts and products become the property of RTD Embedded Technologies Before returning any product for repair customers are required to contact the factory for an RMA number THIS LIMITED WARRANTY DOES NOT EXTEND TO ANY PRODUCTS WHICH HAVE BEEN DAMAGED AS A RESULT OF ACCIDENT MISUSE ABUSE such as use of incorrect input voltages improper or insufficient ventilation failure to follow the operating instructions that are provided by RTD Embedded Technologies acts of God or other contingencies beyond the control of RTD Embedded Technologies OR AS A RESULT OF SERVICE OR MODIFICATION BY ANYONE OTHER THAN RTD Embedded Technologies EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH ABOVE NO OTHER WARRANTIES ARE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FIT NESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND RTD Embedded Technologies EXPRESSLY DIS CLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES NOT STATED HEREIN ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING IMPLIED WARRANTIES FOR MECHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
42. ires to the 5V pins 2 and 8 on the power connector to ensure a good power supply We rec ommend that no less than 18 gauge wire be used and the length of this wire should not exceed 3 ft Always measure the voltage drop from your power supply to the power pins on the cpuModule The voltage at pins 2 and 8 should be 5 146786 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 25 Serial Ports CN7 and CN8 The two serial ports are implemented on connectors CN7 and 8 respectively Each port is nor mally configured as a PC compatible full duplex RS232 port but you may use the Setup program to re configure it is as full duplex RS422 or half duplex RS485 The I O address and corresponding interrupt must also be selected using Setup The available I O addresses and the corresponding in terrupts are shown in the following table Table 4 Serial Port Base Address and IRQ Options I O Address IRQ 03F8H 1804 03E8H 1804 02F8H IRQ3 02E8H IRQ3 Serial Port VART The serial port is implemented with a 16550 compatible UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter This UART is capable of baud rates up to 115 2 kbaud in 16450 and 16550A compat ible mode and includes a 16 byte FIFO Please refer to any standard PC AT hardware reference for the register map of the UART RS232 Serial Port Default The full duplex RS232 mode is the default setting on the cpuModule With this mode enabled the serial port connector must be c
43. lel port may be operated in SPP output only EPP bi directional and ECP extended ca pabilities modes The mode may be selected in Setup or by application software CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 76 Storing Applications On board The cpuModule was designed to be used in embedded computing applications In these applications magnetic media like hard disks and floppy disks are not very desirable It is better to eliminate mag netic storage devices and place your operating system and application software into the cpuModule s ATA IDE Disk Chip CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 77 Configuring the ATA IDE Disk Chip Socket Before installing a device in the ATA IDE Disk Chip socket it is highly recommended to first con figure the secondary IDE controller and device mode in the BIOS setup The secondary IDE controller must be enabled in the BIOS to allow read and write access to the de vice When a device is installed in the socket it will always appear as a master on the cpuModule s secondary IDE controller From the BIOS setup screen the user can also configure whether the socket contains a DMA mode or PIO mode device Mode mode will reduce CPU overhead e Mode When the socket is in PIO mode PIO transfers are supported PIO mode sup ports write protection CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 78 CHAPTER 6 HARDWARE REFERENCE This appendix gives information
44. ll not generate an interrupt This register is used by Event and Match modes Compare Register A Read Write register used for Match Mode Bit values in this register that are not masked off are compared against the value on Port 0 A match or Event causes bit 6 of DIO Control to be set and 1f the DIO is in Advanced interrupt mode the Match or Event causes an interrupt CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 63 Interrupts The Digital I O can use interrupts 5 7 10 11 and 12 The mapped interrupt numbers are OxOD OxOF 0x72 0x73 and 0x74 in HEX respectfully or 13 15 114 115 and 116 in decimal respectful ly To use any of the 5 listed interrupts set the interrupt aside for an ISA legacy device To set the interrupts aside enter the BIOS under PNP PCI CONFIGURATION Select Resources Controlled By and change the interrupt s you wish to use to Legacy ISA The interrupts you wish to use must then be selected in the Integrated Peripherals section of the BIOS under aDIO IRQ Advanced Digital Interrupts There are three advanced digital interrupt modes available These three modes are Event Match and Strobe The use of these three modes is to monitor state changes at the DIO connector The three modes are selected with bits D 4 3 of the DIO Control Register Event Mode When this mode is enable Port 0 is latched into the DIO Compare register at 8 33 MHz There is a deglitching circuit inside the DIO circuitry The degli
45. llows 210 or 1024 distinct I O addresses Any add on modules you install must therefore use I O addresses in the range 0 1023 decimal or 000 3FF hex If you add any PC 104 modules or other peripherals to the system you must ensure they do not use reserved addresses listed below or malfunctions will occur The exception to this 1s 1f the resource has been released by the user The table below lists I O addresses reserved for the cpuModule CME146786CX Table 26 I O Addresses Reserved for the cpuModule Address Range 000H 00FH 010H 01FH 020H 021H 022H 02FH 040H 043H 060H 064H 070H 071H 080H 08FH 0A0H 0A1H 0COH 0DFH OFOH 0FFH 100H 101H 1FOH 1FFH 200H 201H 238H 23BH 2E8H 2EFH 2F8H 2FFH 378H 37FH 3BCH 3BFH 3E8H 3EFH E EN LENIN 8 Hard disk Serial port RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 53 Table 26 I O Addresses Reserved for the cpuModule Continued Floppy disk 3F0H 3F7H Select in BIOS aDIO Advanced Digital I O If a floppy or IDE controller is not connected to the system the I O addresses listed will not be occupied Only one of the I O addresses shown for a Serial port is active at any time You can use Setup to select which one is active or to disable it entirely 2 Only one of the I O addresses shown for the Parallel printer port is active at any time You can use Setup to select which one is active or to disable it entirely If a PS2 mouse is n
46. llows connection of an external push button to manually reset the system The push button should be normally open and connect to ground when pushed Power Switch Pin 4 of the multifunction connector allows connection of an external push button switch to act as an ATX power switch or standby switch The push button should be normally open and connect to ground when pushed Battery Pin 9 of the multifunction connector is the connection for an external backup battery in the range 2 40 V to 4 15 V typically 3 0 or 3 6 V This battery is used by the cpuModule when system power is removed to preserve the date and time in the Real Time Clock CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 34 VGA Video Connector CN18 The following table gives the pinout of the video connector Table 14 VGA Video Connector CN18 Pin Signa Function iweut DB1S Vertical Sync out 2 1 HSYNC Horizontal Sync DDCSCL Monitor communications in out clock RED Red analog output pw DDCSDA Monitor communications data bidir 12 GREEN Green analog output ut DDC 5V 5V for Monitor Communica tions 2A fuse BLUE Blue analog output lot j3 7 10 8 6 4 2 Table 15 Supported Video Resolutions and BIOS Settings 800 x 600 2 MB 800 x 600 4MB CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 35 EIDE Connector CN9 The EIDE connector is a 44 pin 0 1 inch connector that can connect to a variety o
47. mmend you follow the procedure below to ensure that stacking of the modules does not damage connectors or electronics WARNING Do not force the module onto the stack Wiggling the mod ule or applying too much pressure may damage it If the module does not readily press into place remove it check for bent pins or out of place keying pins and try again Turn off power to the PC 104 system or stack Select and install standoffs to properly position the cpuModule on the PC 104 stack Touch a grounded metal part of the rack to discharge any buildup of static electricity Remove the cpuModule from its anti static bag Check that keying pins in the bus connector are properly positioned Check the stacking order make sure an XT bus card will not be placed between two bus cards or it will interrupt the AT bus signals Hold the cpuModule by its edges and orient it so the bus connector pins line up with the matching connector on the stack Gently and evenly press the cpuModule onto the PC 104 stack CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 16 Booting the cpuModule for the First Time You can now apply power to the cpuModule You will see a greeting message from the VGA BIOS and then e the cpuModule BIOS version information message requesting you press Del to enter the Setup program If you don t press Del the cpuModule will try to boot from the current settings If you press Del the
48. nhances standard AT compatible computer systems by adding CME 146786CX 4 ATA IDE Disk Chip socket Non volatile configuration without a battery Watchdog Timer Fail Safe Boot ROM A multiPort that can be configured as an ECP EPP Parallel Port 18 bit digital I O or Flop py Drive port RTD Embedded Technologies Inc A simplified block diagram of the cpuModule is shown in Figure 1 Intel Celeron VT8606 Twister T 400 650 MHz North Bridge SDRAM 100 133 MHz SVGA Flat Panel 10 100 Ethernet PCI Bus 32 bit 33 MHz VT82C686B 2 x USB 1 1 South Bridge Keyboard Mouse 2 x RS 232 422 485 EIDE Parallel Port Floppy Drive RTD aDIO ISA Bus RTD Enhanced BIOS Watchdog Failsafe Boot ROM Figure 1 CME146786CX Block Diagram You can easily customize the cpuModule by stacking PC 104 modules such as video controllers modems LAN controllers or analog and digital data acquisition modules Stacking PC 104 modules on the cpuModule avoids expensive installations of backplanes and card cages and preserves the module s compactness RTD Enhanced Award BIOS is also implemented in the cpuModule This BIOS supports ROM DOS MS DOS Linux and Windows operating systems Drivers in the BIOS allow booting from floppy disk hard disk ATA IDE Disk Chip or boot block flash thus enabling the system to be used with traditional disk drives or non mechanical drives The cpuModule and BIOS are also compatibl
49. nitor connector 10 pin CN18 Dual USB port connector 10 pin CN17 EIDE Hard Drive Connector 44 pin CN9 10 100 Base T and TX connector 10 pin CN18 CMOS Battery Connector 2 pin JP8 Fan Power Connectors 2 pin JP3 and JP7 Physical Characteristics Dimensions 3 550 x 3 850 x 0 6 inches 90 2 x 95 9 x 16mm e Weight mass 4 5 ounces 130 grams e 14 layer mixed surface mount and through hole Operating environment e Power supply 5V 5 20 Watts 1 During the time of this manual s publication 8GB was the largest available ATA IDE Disk Chip capacity CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 7 Operating temperature 40 to 85 degrees C case with proper cooling See Processor Thermal Management on page 105 Storage temperature 55 to 125 degrees C Operating relative humidity 0 to 95 non condensing Power Consumption Exact power consumption depends on the peripherals connected to the board the selected ATA IDE Disk Chip configuration and the memory configuration The table below lists power consumption for typical configurations and clock speeds Table 1 Power Consumption Module Speed RAM Disk Chip Consumption Consumption Typical Maximum CME146786CX 400 MHz 128 256MB 1L6W CME146786CX 650 MHz 128 256MB 145 W CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 8 CHAPTER 2 GETTING STARTED For many users the factory configuration of the cpuModule can be used to g
50. nt exception most compilers do not auto matically add the end of interrupt command to the procedure you must do this yourself Other than this and the few exceptions discussed below you can write your ISR just like any other routine It can call other functions and procedures in your program and it can access global data If you are writing your first ISR we recommend that you stick to the basics just something that will convince you that 1t works such as incrementing a global variable NOTE If you are writing an ISR using assembly language you are responsible for pushing and popping registers and using IRET instead of RET Writing a DOS Interrupt service routine ISR There are a few cautions you must consider when writing your ISR The most important 1s do not use any DOS functions or routines that call DOS functions from within an ISR DOS is not reentrant that is DOS function cannot call itself In typical programming this will not happen because of the way DOS is written But what about when using interrupts Then you could have a situation such as this in your program If DOS function X is being executed when an interrupt occurs and the interrupt routine makes a call to DOS function X then function X 15 essentially being called while it is already active Such a reentrance attempt spells disaster because DOS functions are not written to support it This is a complex concept and you do not need to understand it Just make sure tha
51. ntil the Clear Register is read from Additionally the Compare Register latched in the value at Port 0 when the Strobe pin made low to high transition No further strobes will be available until a read of the Com pare Register is made What this implies is one must read the Compare Register then clear interrupts so that the latched value in the compare register 1 not lost To enter Strobe mode set bits D 4 3 of the DIO Control register to 01 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 65 Basic Interrupt Information for Programmers information below only addresses the DIO on this board Interrupts are connected to IRQs 5 7 10 11 and 12 on the ISA bus PC104 bus and are controlled by two 8259 equivalent interrupt con trollers containing 13 available interrupt request lines Minimum time between two IRQ requests is 125 nanoseconds as set by ISA specification What is an Interrupt An interrupt is a subroutine called asynchronously by external hardware usually an I O device dur ing the execution of another application The CPU halts execution of its current process by saving the system state and next instruction then jumps to the interrupt service routine executes it loads the saved system state and saved next instruction and continues execution Interrupts are good for handling infrequent events such as keyboard activity What happens when an Interrupt occurs An IRQx pin on the PC104 bus makes a low to high t
52. on the cpuModule hardware including jumper settings and locations solder jumper settings and locations mechanical dimensions processor thermal management CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 79 Jumpers and Solder Jumper Settings Many cpuModule options are configured by positioning jumpers Jumpers are labeled on the board as JP followed by a number Some jumpers are three pins allowing three settings e pins and 2 connected indicated as 1 2 e pins 2 and 3 connected indicated as 2 3 no pins connected Loo Some jumpers are two pin allowing two settings pins 1 and 2 connected indicated as closed pins and 2 un connected indicated as open 1 2 Solder jumpers are set at the factory and are rarely changed Solder jumpers are located on the mod ule s solder side and component side CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 80 The figures below show the locations of the jumpers and solder jumpers used to configure the cpu Module To use the figure position the module with the PC 104 bus connector at the six o clock po sition and the component side facing up The table below lists the jumpers and their settings JP5 JP6 RTD Embedded Technologies Inc e CME146786CX CN20 EET CN7 4 i CN6 CN17 CN18 CN5 JP8 JP4 CN1 1 01 CN9 CN2 Figure 4 CME146786CX Jumper Locations Top CME146786CX RTD Embed
53. ong keyboard type verify keyboard is AT type or switch to AT mode floppy drive light always on cable misconnected check for floppy drive cable connected backwards two hard drives will not both drives configured for set one drive for master and the other for work but one does master slave operation consult drive documenta tion floppy does not work data error due to drive up orient drive properly upright or on its side down side CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 89 will not boot when video illegal calls to video controller look for software trying to access non ex card is removed istent video controller for video sound or beep commands COM port will not work not configured for RS422 485 correctly configure serial port in Setup RS422 or RS485 modes program COM port will nottransmit not enabling transmitters control RTS bit of Modem Control Reg in RS422 or RS485 mode Ister to enable transmitters see Serial Port descriptions date and time not saved no backup battery connect a backup battery to the Multifunc when power is off tion connector cannot enter BIOS quick boot enabled with no install JP5 reboot and press Del to en hard drives ter setup Interrupts not working for IRQ conflict with PCI bus Reserve interrupt as Legacy ISA in Setup aDIO Watchdog Timer or other ISA device Video appearance is un video buffer may be set to a set the video buffer size to a larger number clea
54. onnected to RS232 compatible devices The following table gives the connector pinout and shows how to connect to an external serial connector either DB25 or DB9 compatible Table 5 Serial Port in RS 232 Mode in out DB9 Sigma Function BCD Data Carrier Detect z DSR___ DataSetReady 3 Ro Receive Data a RTS RequestTo Send B o Transmitdata e fers GlearTo Send R enD Signal Ground CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 26 Facing the serial port s connector pins the pinout is E Ig gg Tt lj HE uet ce ee o RS422 or RS485 Serial Port You may use BIOS Setup to configure the serial port as RS422 or RS485 In this case you must connect the serial port to an RS422 or RS485 compatible device When using RS422 or RS485 mode you can use the port in either half duplex two wire or full duplex four wire configurations For half duplex 2 wire operation you must connect RXD to TXD and connect RXD to TXD A 120 ohm termination resistors is provided on the cpuModule Termi nation is usually necessary on all RS422 receivers and at the ends ofthe RS485 bus Ifthe termination resistor is required it can be enabled by closing jump er JP1 for Serial Port 1 or JP2 for Serial Port 2 When using full duplex typically in RS 422 mode connect the ports as shown in the table below Table 6 RS 422 Serial Port Connections
55. or Table 12 Multifunction Connector CN5 Function X in out Pee SPKR Speaker output open collec peso encase at tor 2 111 SPKR Speaker output 5 volts out 3 Manual push button reset lin PWR Wa Power Standby Switch 5 keb Keyboard e KeybeardClock out z fowo feom o s kep Keyboard Power 5 volts fear Battery input Notconnected Facing the connector pins the pinout is Speaker A speaker output is available on pins 1 and 2 of the Multifunction connector These outputs are con trolled by a transistor to supply 0 1 watt of power to an external speaker The external speaker should have 8 ohm impedance and be connected between pins and 2 Keyboard An AT compatible keyboard can be connected to the Multifunction connector Usually PC key boards come with a cable ending with a 5 pin male PS 2 connector The following table lists the re lationship between the Multifunction connector pins and a standard PS 2 keyboard connector CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 33 Table 13 Keyboard Connector Pins on CN5 Pim Sina Function PsA p keD Keyboard Data Lene e kec Keyboard Clock LEEREN ro few p kee Keyboard Power eS Vois 4 System Reset Pin 3 of the multifunction connector a
56. or interrupts are generated The ability to generate an interrupt allows the application to gracefully recover from a bad state For example consider a system that has a reset time out of 2 seconds interrupt time out of 1 second and the watchdog timer is refreshed every 0 5 seconds If something goes wrong an interrupt 1s gener ated The Interrupt service routine then attempts to restart the application software If it is success ful the application is restarted in much less time than a full reboot would require If it is not successful the system is rebooted Due to system latency it is recommended that the Watchdog be refreshed at about half of the reset time out period or half of the interrupt time out period whichever is applicable Register Description The Advanced Watchdog Timer has two Setup Registers and a Runtime Register The Setup Reg Isters are set by the BIOS and can be adjusted by entering the BIOS Setup Utility and going to In tegrated Peripherals See Configuring with the RTD Enhanced Award BIOS on page 50 for more details The Setup Register may also be read by the driver to determine if the Watchdog is enabled and the interrupt and base address that it is using In the following register description sections each register is described by a register table The first row of the table list the bits D7 through DO The second row lists the field name for each bit The third row lists the properties of that bit
57. ot connected to the system the I O addresses listed will not be occupied CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 54 Hardware Interrupts If you add any PC 104 modules or other peripherals to the system you must ensure they do not use interrupts needed by the cpuModule or malfunctions will occur The cpuModule supports the standard PC interrupts listed in Table 27 on page 55 Interrupts not in use by hardware on the cpuModule itself are listed as available These interrupts are also assigned by the BIOS to Plug and Play and PCI devices Even if there are no PC 104 Plus modules installed the interrupts will be assigned to on board peripherals such as USB or parallel ports The BIOS can not automatically detect ISA bus PC 104 cards that are using interrupts including aDIO and the Watchdog timer so it may inadvertently assign another resource to an ISA interrupt To prevent this from happening any interrupt that is being used for an ISA resource should be set to Legacy ISA in the BIOS Setup utility under PnP PCI configuration Table 27 Hardware Interrupts Used on the cpuModule TANI 1 On board ISA device E em p E ne Orens dere e On On board ISA device gt gt ISA device On board ISA device EN primary IDE hard disk AT AT ATA IDE Disk Chip AT E NE socket a 06 1s available for use no floppy disk 1s present in the sy
58. ower Connector CN3 The cpuModule only uses 5 VDC and ground 12 VDC 12 VDC and 5 VDC may be required on other PC 104 boards in the system Table 3 Auxiliary Power Connector CN3 1o eno sv 5856 Not Connected 4 fhv voise s fev p av voso fem Grund p fev pevos fenm esv Senos NotConnected Hz 33 The 3 3V pins 10 and 12 on auxiliary power connec tor CN3 are connected to the 3 3V pins of the PC 104 Plus bus by default For more information on configuring the 3 3V pins on the auxiliary power connector CN3 or the PCI bus connector CN16 contact RTD Technical Support Insufficient current supply will prevent your cpuModule from booting The gauge and length of the wire used for connecting power to the cpuModule must be taken into consideration Some power connectors have clip leads on them and may have significant resistance Make sure that the input voltage does not drop below 4 8V at the 5V power pins good rule of thumb is to use wire that can supply twice the power your system requires 5 VDC 12 VDC and 12 VDC voltages are not used by the module but are connected to the PC 104 bus connectors CNI and CN2 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 24 Facing the connector pins the pinout of the Auxiliary Power connector 1s 11 9 7 5 3 1 2 10 8 6 4 2 Connect two separate w
59. r small number which may cause problems with higher resolutions and colors depths CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 90 Troubleshooting a PC 104 System If you have reviewed the preceding table and still cannot isolate the problem with your cpuModule please try the following troubleshooting steps Even if the resulting information does not help you find the problem it will be very helpful if you contact technical support Simplify the system Remove items one at a time and see if one particular item seems to cause the problem Swap components Try replacing items in the system one at a time with similar items CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 91 How to Obtain Technical Support If after following the above steps you still cannot resolve a problem with your cpuModule please assemble the following information cpuModule model BIOS version and serial number list of all boards in system list of settings from cpuModule Setup program printout of autoexec bat and config sys files 1f applicable description of problem circumstances under which problem occurs Then contact factory technical support Phone 814 234 8087 Fax 814 234 5218 E mail techsupport rtd com CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 92 CHAPTER 8 LIMITED WARRANTY RTD Embedded Technologies Inc warrants the hardware and software products it manufactures and produces to be free from defects in materials and workmans
60. ransition while the corresponding interrupt mask bit is unmasked and the PIC determines that the IRQ has priority the PIC interrupts the pro cessor The current code segment CS instruction pointer IP and flags are pushed on the stack the CPU reads the 8 bit vector number from the PIC and a new CS and IP are loaded from a vector indicated by the vector number from the interrupt vector table that exists in the lowest 1024 bytes of memory The processor then begins executing instructions located at CS IP When the interrupt service routine is completed the CS IP and flags that were pushed onto the stack are popped from the stack into their appropriate registers and execution resumes from the point where it was inter rupted How long does it take to respond to an interrupt A DOS operating system can respond to an interrupt between 6 15uS A Windows system can take a much longer time when a service routine has been installed by a device driver implemented as a DLL from 250 1500uS or longer A VxD will take 20 60uS or longer The time the CPU spends in the interrupt is dependent on the efficiency ofthe code in the ISR These numbers are general guide lines and will fluctuate depending on operating system and version The amount of information that can be moved during an interrupt theoretically can be 4 MB Sec on a 8 MB bus using the INS or MOVS instruction with the REP prefix These instructions are in assembly language Interrupt Request
61. ri ority the other lines have decreasing priority starting from IRQ14 down to IRQ2 An interrupt request is performed by changing the level of the corresponding line from low to high and keeping it high until the micro processor has recognized it N A These locations contain mechanical keying pins to help prevent incor rect connector insertion These signals select a 128kbyte window in the 16Mbyte address space available on the bus During a DMA cycle this active low signal indicates that a resource on the bus 1s about to drive the data and address lines LA23 LA17 MASTER MEMCS16 Memory Chip Select 16 bit this line active low is controlled by devic es mapped in the memory address space and indicates they have a 16 bit bus width IO This active low signal indicates a memory read operation Devices us ing this signal must decode the address on lines LA23 LA17 and SA19 SAO This active low signal indicates a memory write operation Devices us ing this signal must decode the address on lines LA23 LA17 and SA19 SAO OSCillator clock with a 70 ns period and a 50 duty cycle It is a 14 31818 MHz always presents REFRESH I This cpuModule does not support refresh on the ISA bus This pin is pulled high with a 4 7 ohm resistor and may be driven by another card in the PC 104 stack This line is active low and indicates that the current bus cycle is DRAM refresh cycle The refresh cycles are activated ev ery 15 mi
62. rite Valid values are 00h to 7Fh e Address 71h is the Data register It contains the contents of the register pointed to by the Index To read write an RTC register you must first set the Index register with the register number and then read write the Data register A list of key registers is shown below Table 30 Real Time Clock Registers Register Description Number Hex 02 RTC Minutes 03 RTC Alarm Minutes 04 RTC Hours 05 RTC Alarm Hours CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 73 Table 30 Real Time Clock Registers 8 even RTC Status Register A Bit 7 RTC Update In Progress Read Only RTC regis ters should not be accessed when this bit is high Bits 6 4 Divider for 32 768 KHz input should always be 010 Bits 3 0 Rate select for periodic interrupt RTC Status Register B Bit 7 Inhibit Update When high the RTC is prevented from updating Bit 6 Periodic Interrupt Enable When high the RTC IRQ will be asserted by the periodic interrupt Bit 5 Alarm Interrupt Enable When high the RTC IRQ will be asserted when the current time matches the alarm time Bit 4 Update Ended Interrupt Enable When high the RTC IRQ will be asserted every time the RTC updates once per second Bit 3 Square Wave Enable Not used Bit 2 Data Mode Sets the data format of the RTC clock calendar registers 02BCD 1 binary This is typically set to BCD mode Bit 1 Hours Byte Format
63. s tem and floppy disk is disabled in Setup b IRQI2 is available if there is no PS 2 mouse in the system and the PS 2 mouse controller is disabled in the BIOS Setup c IRQ14 is available for use if no primary hard drive controller is present in the system and hard disk is disabled in Setup CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 55 d IRQIS is available for use if no ATA IDE Disk Chip is installed in the system and the secondary IDE channel 1 dis abled in Setup PCI devices are capable of sharing an interrupt The PC 104 specification also provides a means for ISA devices to share an interrupt However interrupt sharing on the ISA bus 1s not supported by all devices CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 56 The RTD Enhanced Award BIOS The RTD Enhanced Award BIOS Basic Input Output System is software that interfaces hardware specific features of the cpuModule to an operating system OS Physically the BIOS software is stored in a Flash EPROM on the cpuModule Functions of the BIOS are divided into two parts The first part of the BIOS is known as POST Power On Self Test software and it 15 active from the time power is applied until an OS boots begins execution POST software performs a series of hardware tests sets up the machine as defined in Setup and begins the boot of the OS The second part of the BIOS is known as the CORE BIOS It is the normal interface between cpu Module hardware and
64. t you do not call any DOS functions from within your ISR The one wrinkle is that unfortunately it is not obvious which library routines included with your compiler use DOS functions A rule of thumb is that routines which write to the screen or check the status of or read the keyboard and any disk I O routines use DOS and should be avoided in your ISR The same problem of reentrance exists for many floating point emulators as well meaning you may have to avoid floating point math in your ISR CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 67 The Code Refer to the DOS drivers that were shipped with this board or download them from our web site www rtd com The drivers are commented to help clarify their meaning Reading through the DOS drivers will give valuable insight into the board functionality CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 68 Watchdog Timer Control The cpuModule includes a Watchdog Timer which provides protection against programs hang ing or getting stuck in an execution loop where they cannot respond correctly The watchdog timer consists of a counter a reset generator and an interrupt generator When the counter reaches the interrupt time out it can generate an interrupt When the counter reaches the reset time out the sys tem is reset The counter is refreshed or set back to zero by reading from a specific register The watchdog can also be put into an inactive state in which no resets
65. tching requires pulses on Port 0 to be at least 120 nanoseconds in width As long as changes are present longer than that the event is guaranteed to register Pulses as small as 60 nanoseconds can register as an event but they must occur between the rising and falling edge of the 8 33 MHz clock To enter Event mode set bits D 4 3 of the DIO Control register to a 10 Match Mode When this mode is enabled Port 0 is latched into the DIO Compare register at 8 33 MHz There is a deglitching circuit inside the DIO circuitry The deglitching requires pulses on Port 0 to be at least 120 nanoseconds in width As long as changes are present longer than that the match is guaranteed to register Pulses as small as 60 nanoseconds can register as a match but they must occur between the rising and falling edge of the 8 33 MHz clock To enter Match mode set bits D 4 3 of the DIO Control register to 11 Make sure bit 3 is set BEFORE writing the DIO Compare register If you do not set bit 3 first the contents of the DIO Compare register could be lost The reason for this is that Event mode latches in Port 0 into the DIO Compare register at an 8 33 MHz rate CLOCK DIGITAL INPUT IRQ OUT CMEI146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 64 Strobe Mode Strobe Mode allows the strobe pin of the DIO connector to trigger an interrupt A low to high tran sition on the strobe pin will cause an interrupt request The request will remain high u
66. the operating system which is in control It is active from the time the OS boots until the cpuModule is turned off The CORE BIOS provides the system with a series of soft ware interrupts to control various hardware devices For more information about the BIOS please see Configuring the cpuModule BIOS Setup on page 47 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 57 Thermal Throttling The CME146786CX cpuModule supports thermal throttling Thermal throttling allows the CPU to continue operating at a lower clock rate when the CPU core exceeds a temperature limit The power consumption and heat dissipation are therefore lowered reducing the thermal stress on the CPU The CPU will return to its normal speed when the temperature returns to 10C below the throttling threshold Thermal throttling is enabled in the BIOS Setup utility There are three levels 2596 5096 and 7596 which are the percent of full speed that the CPU will operate at when throttled For example with throttling set to 75 a 400 MHz CPU will operate at 300 MHz during excessive temperatures When enabled thermal throttling is started and stopped without any intervention from the operating system or application software Because thermal throttling starts before the internal temperature limit of the CPU is reached throt tling may occur within the operating temperature range of the cpuModule When thermal throttling is disabled the CPU will operate at its maximum spee
67. time ju Ds capp Ds MEC BA HL DS lt z WDT_Active WDT IRQ Ena WDT IRQ Ena WDT RST Time ow x t r0 o7 d 7 WDT Active Set this bit to 1 to activate the Watchdog Timer interrupts and resets Set to 0 to disable When disabled the watchdog timer does not need to be refreshed WDT_IRQ Ena Set this bit to 1 to enable the Watchdog interrupt Set to 0 to disable CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 70 WDT IRQ Time Selects the Watchdog Interrupt time based on the following table IRQ Time 1 0 Interrupt Time seconds WDT RST Time Selects the Watchdog Reset time based on the following table WDT RST 1 0 Reset Time seconds CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 71 Multi Color LED The CME146786CX has a Multi Color LED located beside the IDE connector CN9 The color of the LED indicates the status of the board as shown in the table below Table 28 LED Colors On Board IDE Activity cpuModule is in reset or approaching thermal limit Yellow Red Green cpuModule is in Standby White cpuModule is approaching thermal limit CPU is throttled if enabled Cyan Blue Green Ethernet Link at 10 Mbps Magenta Blue Red Ethernet Link at 100 Mbps The LED can also be controlled manually by writing to I O Port 0x16 The following table lists the color displayed and the value written Table 29 Man
68. tup Register Descriptions The aDIO has a Setup Register and four Runtime Registers The Setup Register is set by the BIOS and can be adjusted by entering the BIOS Setup Utility and going to Integrated Peripherals See Configuring with the RTD Enhanced Award BIOS on page 50 for more details The Setup Register may also be read by the driver to determine the base address and interrupt of the aDIO aDIO Watchdog Setup Register I O Port 0x1F aDIO WDT Setup DE py 03 om gt aDIO Base DIO Tra ow om 9 9 aDIO 2 0 Selects the base address for and the Watchdog Timer based on the following ta ble aDIO Base 2 0 aDIO Base Watchdog Timer Runtime Address Register I O Address oo foao 0x444 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 60 aDIO IRQ 2 0 Selects the Interrupt assigned to the aDIO based on the following table IRQ Z Interrupt Disabled po mo Reserved mm Reserved Runtime Register Descriptions The location of the Runtime registers for the digital I O lines is determined by the value in aDIO WDT Setup aDIO Base These 8 bit registers are written to zero upon power up The register map for the runtime region is shown below aDIO Runtime Registers Offset Register Name Port Data Pert t Data s 90 CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 61 Digital I O Register Set Port 0 Data
69. ual LED Colors Port 0x16 Value d CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 72 Real Time Clock and CMOS Memory Overview The cpuModule is equipped with a Real Time Clock RTC which provides system date and time functions When the cpuModule is turned off a battery must be attached to the utility connector to provide power to the RTC Without power the RTC will lose the date time information when the system is turned off The RTC also provides an alarm function This may be used to generate an interrupt at a particular time and date This feature is commonly used to wake up the system from Sleep Standby to run a scheduled task defragment the hard drive back up files etc In addition to the date time alarm functions the RTC contains several bytes of battery backed RAM commonly called CMOS memory In atypical desktop PC the CMOS memory is used by the BIOS to store user settings This RTD cpuModule uses onboard flash to store user BIOS settings To pre serve compatibility with traditional PCs the RTD Enhanced BIOS also mirrors the user settings from flash in CMOS Therefore the contents of CMOS may be overwritten at boot time and should be treated as read only Accessing the RTC Registers You may access the RTC date time and CMOS memory using the Index and Data Registers located at I O addresses 70h and 71h Address 70h is the Index register It must be written with the number of the register to read or w
70. witch power not connected to boot connect power cable to floppy or hard drive drive CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 88 erratic operation excessive bus loading reduce number of PC 104 modules in stack remove termination components from bus signals remove any power supply bus termina tions power supply noise examine power supply output with oscillo scope glitches below 4 75Vdc will trigger a reset add bypass caps power supply limiting examine power supply output with oscillo scope check for voltage drop below 4 75V when hard drive or floppy drive starts add bypass caps temperature too high add fan processor heatsink or other cool ing device s memory address conflict check for two hardware devices e g Ethernet Arcnet PCMCIA trying to use the same memory address check for two software devices e g EMM386 PCMCIA drivers etc trying to use the same memory addresses check for hardware and software devices trying to use the same memory address check for an address range shadowed see Advanced Setup screen while in use by another hardware or software device I O address conflict check for another module trying to use I O addresses reserved for the cpuModule be tween 010h and 01Fh check for two modules e g dataModules PCMCIA cards Ethernet trying to use the same I O addresses keyboard does not work keyboard interface damaged check if keyboard LEDs light by misconnection wr
71. ws you to boot to non volatile onboard ROM DOS CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 11 Cable Kits For maximum flexibility cables are not provided with the cpuModule You may wish to purchase our cable kit for the cpuModule The XK CM86 cable kit contains the following Utility Cable keyboard battery reset speaker 2 Serial Port Cables 10 Pin DIL to DB 9 Parallel Port Cable 26 pin DIL to DB 25 PS 2 Mouse Cable 4 pin DIL to 6 pin mini DIN VGA Cable 10 pin DIL to 15 pin D sub IDE Cable for 3 5 Hard Drive IDE Cable for 2 5 Hard Drive 10 100 base T and TX 10 Pin DIL TO RJ 45 Power cable DIL12 to wire leads Dual USB cable CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 12 Connecting Power WARNING If you improperly connect power the module will almost certainly be damaged or destroyed Such damage is not warranted Please verify connections to the module before applying power Power is normally supplied to the cpuModule through the PC 104 bus connectors CN1 and CN2 If you are placing the cpuModule onto a PC 104 stack that has a power supply you do not need to make additional connections to supply power If you are using the cpuModule without a PC 104 stack or with a stack that does not include a power supply refer to Auxiliary Power CN3 on page 24 for more details CME146786CX RTD Embedded Technologies Inc 13 Connecting the utility cable The Multifunction connector CN

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