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USER`S MANUAL - Smith-Root

1. nonon OOOOOOOOOOOODODODOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOD 2 5 GPP 5 0 GPP Generator Terminals Generator Terminals 1 2 115 Volts 441 5 VA 1 2 115 Volts 883 VA Respectively through Respectively through 11 12 115 Volts 441 5 VA 11 12 115 Volts 883 VA Pairings of Odd on Left amp Even on Right Pairings of Odd on Left amp Even on Right Output Binding Posts Black wires 12 Volts 500 VA Output Binding Posts White wires 12 Volts 500 VA Black wires 12 Volts 500 VA White wires 12 Volts 500 VA www smith root com 37 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL 2 5 GPP GENERATOR STATOR WIRIN All Wires to GPP Connectors14 Ga SSL S sus n OOO nr 7 eral OooooooenooooooooeooooOooenooenooen 7 5 GPP Generator Terminals 1 2 115 Volts 1250 VA Respectively through 11 12 115 Volts 1250 VA Pairings of Odd on Left amp Even on Right Output Binding Posts Black wires 12 Volts 500 VA White wires 12 Volts 500 VA 38 2013 USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING 0 GPP GENERATOR STATOR WIRIN 12 Ga All Wires to GPP Connectors 12 ga
2. A 3 10 Z 55 66 77 ae N Rectifler assem JAC ACL N 16 Ga 110 Volts AC Ke hi Res Ga h P 10 gauge Ground 16Ga e N gt 4 Pin ae 88 Oe G 89 4 connector P annens e O P m p y Stator A s d Kd LY end Stator end with end cover removed cover 9 0 GPP Generator Terminals Output Binding Posts 1 2 67 Volts 1500 VA Black wires 12 Volts 500 VA White wires 12 Volts 500 VA Respectively through 11 12 67 Volts 1500 VA 4 Pin Connector Pairings of Odd on Left amp Even on Right 110 Volts AC www smith root com 39 SMITH ROOT INC 14014 NE Salmon Greek Ave Vancouver WA 98686 USA 360 573 0202 Voice 360 573 2064 FAX info smith root com www smith root com
3. Figure 9 Comparison of two sizes of cathode Figure 9 compares small and a large cathodes With a standard grid cathode the anode voltage falls distinctly from 324 to 265 volts when using two anodes However with a very large wire netting cathode efficiency falls only slightly from 324 to 302 volts when using two anodes For shore side operations the cathode surface presents the least resistance when it is divided into several parts placed several meters apart An electrode is more effective when its form is least concentrated For example a 3 x12 strip is more effective than a square of 6 x6 Potential LETETT Gradient ini Total potential volts FN T T 2 4 46 48 o 3 2 Distance from center of anode meters 3 Figure 10 Variation of potential and gradient Figure 10 illustrates the variation in both voltage and gradient between the electrodes Whenever possible the cathode should be placed in parts of the stream that you do not wish to fish or even in parts 24 completely separated from the stream itself The anode should never be allowed to come close to where the cathode is located BOAT CATHODES Many aluminum electrofishing boats use the boat hull as the cathode and the boom electrodes as the anode This is perfectly safe as long as you never come in contact with the anode and complete the electrical circuit The National Safety Council in their data sheet 1 696 85
4. Diode module Stub Shaft 7 5 amp 9 0 only ines pescmrion Cover mount 05312 Rotor Attachment Bolt 7 5 9 0 04652 07393 Bearing Bracket 12 USER S MANUAL MISC PARTS EAN INSTALLATION KIT ENGINE ANTI VIBRATION MOUNTING Fan Installation Kit Lock washer A This fan locking assembly is VA Drilled Allen screwO recommended for Smith Root va with Loctite on threads O generators P Xy 04540 Fan Installation Kit N 02226 Replacement Fan N Lace wire through holes in pairs of l S ROTORO ff Allen screws then twist tight 0 FAN WASHERO FAN ATTACHMENT Engine anti vibration mounting all models Item GPP Model po B 50 75890 06252 Rubber Engine Mount Kit line 04083 www smith root com 13 GPP ELECTROFISHER GENERATOR ANTI VIBRATION MOUNTING All Models Line 04084 Item Description Model _ 8 Rubbermount att Nut ALL Nut ALL Stato cove A Binding C posts 4 Th q AT T B D r End view of stator with cover r A oe 12VAC 40 AMP MAX 14 12 VAC 40 AMP MAX La Generator movement limiting bolt may be straight or slightly bent to accommodate different generator models ELECTROFISHING SAFETY amp PRINCIPLES Since 1964 the leader in effective safe and reliable products for fisheries conservation Knowled
5. collection area The shaded areas have a voltage gradient between 0 12 and 1 2 volts per cm and are suitable for electrofishing The applied voltage is 300 volts ELECTRODE BEHAVIOR e Larger electrodes have lower resistance need more current at given voltage reach out farther and have lower maximum voltage gradient Small electrodes pose a hazard to fish because of high current density and voltage gradient Electrodes placed farther apart use less current but the savings are not large The resistance of an electrode varies in direct proportion to water resistivity RING ELECTRODES Once spacing exceeds 10 radii the distance between electrodes is insignificant The region affected by the electrode is limited to 5 to 10 radii Electrode resistance is primarily dependent on electrode radius and varies in inverse proportion to radius For ring electrodes the cross section diameter of the ring material is of little importance If the ratio of cross section diameter to ring radius is held constant resistance varies inversely with ring radius www smith root com CATHODES In electrofishing it is desirable to have a high voltage gradient around the anode and a low voltage gradient around the cathode 5507 500 4507 4007 3507 Cathode Indentical to anode 600V 6 3kW 3007 2507 Sufficient gradient zone Total voltage 200 1504 1004 0 5m2 grid cathode 350V 3 7kW 50
6. 12 VAC terminals on the generator provide up to 500 watts of 12 volts AC power on each circuit This will run 12 volt lights or with an external rectifier will recharge batteries The 5 0 7 5 and 9 0 GPP have two output circuits ENGINE This instruction book covers mainly the electrofisher and the generator but not the engine Please read all instructions in the engine manufacturer s manual The engine manufacturer has established an excellent worldwide service organization Engine service is probably available from an authorized engine dealer near you check your Yellow Pages USER S MANUAL CONTROLS ENGINE GOVERNOR The engine must be run at 3600 rpm to supply the power it was designed to produce The governor on the engine holds the speed as nearly constant as possible The governor is set at the proper speed in the factory Do not adjust the governor without proper tools VOLTAGE VARIATION All engines slow down when a load is applied When the electrical load on the generator is increased the engine speed drops This results in a lower voltage when the generator is loaded to its full capacity than when running unloaded FREQUENCY VARIATION The AC frequency is around 60 cycles per second The inevitable variations in engine speed produce slight variations in the AC frequency This has no noticeable effect on the operation of motors lights and most appliances However clocks and other timing devices and will not keep per
7. 120 Hz 7 5 15 30 60 amp 120 Hz eo E AC amp DC 0 8 amp AC amp DC 0 25 amp AC amp DC 0 199 amp DC 0 199 amp etering High voltage Panel Lamp amp Audio Panel Lamp amp Audio Panel Lamp amp Audio Panel Lamp amp Audio Output Indicator Tone Tone Tone Tone Output and Foot Switch amp Panel Foot Switch amp Panel Foot Switch amp Panel Foot Switch amp Panel Safety Control Switch Switch Switch Switch Seconds Timer 0 999999 0 999999 0 999999 0 999999 LCD Display Cooling Method Fan Cooled Fan Cooled Fan Cooled Fan Cooled Output CPC with CPC with CPC with POS CAM CONN Connectors 15 Cable 15 Cable 15 Cable 15 Cable Generator Weight 101 Ibs 255 lbs 265 lbs 265 lbs Pulsator Weight 20 lbs 20 lbs 30 lbs 35 lbs Generator LL LL LL LL Dimensions 25 5 LX 17 5 W x18 H 315 L x 21 5 Wx 20 H 31 5 Lx 215 W X20 H 315 L x 21 5 Wx 20 H Dimensions Bolester WSU ies ike rare ac 20715 16 20 lt 15 16 Specification subject to change without notice Note 12 volts auxiliary power subtracts from Electrofisher power available www smith root com 11 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL Dunes _pescnerion Engine adaptor casting Fan attaching bolts 4 Use fan installation kit 4540 GPP FIK shown on next page Bearing Adapter casting mount bolt Stator bolt 4 C washer Bearing bracket always replace when bolt has been loosened Rotor attach bolt Cover
8. 5r 6r tr 8r gr 10r Ocm 200 100 66 50 40 33 28 25 22 20 18 Un on OS 1 6 1 134 gt lt 4 gt 1 i i du D4 16 DE 10 DE 7 gt i volts 1 i i Jem 200 100 66 50 40 i i i f 1 I i i 1r 2r 3r ar Sr 1 ji 1 fi 1 1 1 1 it 1 I i I i 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 Distance from electrode centers meters Figure 6 Comparison of effects of two sizes of anode from the electrode as opposed to only 4 volts for the smaller electrode at the same distance Note also that the voltage the fish receives closer to the electrode is less for the larger electrode 100 volts instead of 144 volts Larger electrodes thus offers two advantages greater range and lower maximum gradient One drawback is that a larger electrode also has greater circuit loading and thus draws more current for the same voltage twice as much for the double size electrode Thus a larger electrode requires a larger generator This dictates a practical upper limit on electrode size for a given generator and water conductivity Except for this limitation the larger the electrode the better the fishing Electrode diameter 60cm 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 0 2 2 Distance from electrode centers meters Figure 7 Larger anodes increase the fishing area USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROFISHING effectiveness and the easier it is on the fish Figure 7 shows that larger electrodes increase the fish
9. a high duty cycle ELECTRODE DESIGN Gradient Electrode Voltage lt Distance R Figure 4 The variation between between two electrodes 2013 The way in which voltage and current distribute around electrofisher electrodes is complex Figure 4 shows the field pattern created by a pair of closely spaced ring electrodes and the voltage gradient between them Note that the current density and voltage gradient are highest near the electrodes rrr r ir 2r 3o dr Sr 10cm 200 100 66 50 40 33 volts 20cm 200 100 66 50 40 33 i i i i i i 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 Distance from electrode centers meters Figure 5 Comparison of two sizes of anode The dimensions of the electrodes are very important in determining the voltage distribution around electrofisher electrodes Figure 5 compares a 10cm and a 20cm ring anode carrying 200 volts in open water The cathode dimension is considered to be infinite Note that the 20cm anode reaches out much further producing a 33 volt potential at 1 2 meter But the 10cm anode produces the same potential at only 0 6 meter from the electrode Figure 6 further illustrates the effect of electrode diameter The voltage is applied head to tail to a 20cm long fish The applied voltage is 200 volts with 10cm and 20cm diameter ring electrodes Note that the 20cm electrode reaches out farther producing 7 volts head to tail between 1 0 and 1 2 meter tr 3r 4
10. does not recommend using the boat hull as the cathode but we have yet to hear of any accidents occurring because of it Pulsator X plate LA Figure 11 Bottom mounted cathode plate on SR 6 Figure 11 shows a Smith Root tote barge designed for stream wading operations Note the large cathode plate attached to the bottom of the fiberglass hull The anode is a pair of ring electrodes about 28cm 11 in diameter mounted on fiberglass poles With this arrangement the resistance of the anode pair is four times the cathode resistance Thus four times as much voltage appears in the anode field as in the cathode field and consequently 80 of the applied voltage appears at each electrode 2013 The situation could be further improved by enlarging the cathode but a point of diminishing returns is reached Doubling the cathode size would halve the cathode resistance and give an 8 to 1 ratio between anode and cathode resistance Now 88 of the voltage would appear at the anode This is only an 8 improvement and is not worth the additional physical problems associated with the larger cathode The SR 6 field tested with two 28cm anodes and a voltage of 240 volts showed good fishing effectiveness in 400 microSiemens cm conductivity with a current of 3 to 4 amperes In lower conductivities of 40 microSiemens cm a current of 1 to 1 5 amp is effective This data may serve as a useful bench mark to judge whether a un
11. keep the engine horizontal to prevent fuel spillage When the power supply is transported over a long distance or on rough roads drain the fuel from the fuel tank Do not support the power supply from the top of the frame for any extended period of time USER S MANUAL MAINTENANCE Before cleaning or inspecting make certain all moving parts have stopped Disconnect the spark plug wire and keep the wire away from the plug to prevent accidental starting Do not put hands feet tools or other objects near rotating parts Always wear eye protection 1 CHANGE ENGINE OIL after first five hours of 6 CHECK GUARDS Operate the power supply operation Thereafter change oil every 25 hours of operation Use 4 stroke automotive detergent oil SAE 10W 30 SERVICE AIR CLEANER Clean and re oil the pre cleaner at three month intervals or every 25 hours whichever occurs first Remove paper cartridge yearly or every 100 hours whichever occurs first and clean by tapping gently ona flat surface Replace if very dirty Keep hands and face away from the carburetor when the air cleaner is removed A sudden backfire can cause serious burns SPARK PLUG Clean and reset gap to 030 every 100 hours of operation FUEL Every 250 hours replace the in line fuel filter or clean the screen and bowl REMOVE DUST AND DEBRIS DEPOSITS from cylinder head and cylinder head shield every 100 to 300 hours of operation www smith root com only with th
12. may be quite high but if the electrofisher is only producing pulses at a 25 duty cycle the average power would be approximately 25 of the instantaneous power USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROFISHING TYPES OF CURRENT O00 ALTERNATING CURRENT Alternating Current AC is an electrical current in which the direction of current flow reverses a number of times per second In an AC field the fish takes a position transverse to the electrical field lines and attempts to face the anode and cathode successively in rhythm with the AC cycle When the field strength increases tetany occurs and the fish is stunned Strong contractions of the body muscles make the fish feel rigid At high voltages the larger fish may be killed the muscular contractions being so severe that vertebrae are fractured and the brain damaged Hence AC electrofishing is only successful with small fish in low conductivity water DIRECT CURRENT Direct Current DC is the term given to electrical current that flows only in one direction The current flows from the negative electrode cathode to the positive electrode anode The reaction of fish to direct current is quite different from their reaction to alternating current The first reaction of the fish is to turn toward the anode and start to swim toward it until it reaches an electrical field strong enough to stun it Being stunned is called galvanonarcosis The severe muscle cont
13. 13 emergency off switch of the boat operator When wading with a boat even in shallow water chest waders should be worn An operator may trip end up ina kneeling or sitting position in the water and receive a shock All crew members must be alert Operators who control the power switch must be constantly aware of the netters in the electrical field DO S amp DON TS DO S i Always be sure that all personnel are clear of the electrodes before turning on the power Know how to administer first aid treatment for electrical shock Wear flotation devices Have electrical circuits checked only by qualified technicians Disconnect the power supply when the electrofisher is not in use DON TS k 2 Don t electrofish alone Don t continue to electrofish if your boots or gloves get wet inside Don t operate an electrofisher if you have had any prior heart ailments Don t operate generators without covers or screens Don t operate generators without a spark arrester USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROFISHING For many years it has been known that fish react to electric current passed through water Electricity was first used for fishing in 1863 when a British patent was granted Major efforts to apply electricity as a tool in fisheries management did not occur until after 1950 Since then detailed studies have been made on the physiological effects of electricity on aquatic or
14. 29 Check connections brushes exciter rectifier s 30 Check Rotor WINGINGS vivscssssccsssscssicsessissssssscisiceinesivedsevsscavisetsstsneieire 31 Check Stator WINGINGS sise 32 JE CORP CORONBOESs n 33 1e CORP COntOlBERs ss es 34 Flashing the ROO mininainen nana 35 B ild a Test Ma 2 ss SR nee 36 2 5 amp 5 0 GPP Generator Stator Wiring 37 7 5 GPP Generator Stator Wiring 38 9 0 GPP Generator Stator Wiring wc ccscscsseesssssesssesceteseeseessees 39 www smith root com 27 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL PROBLEM NO OUTPUT FROM GPP ELECTROFISHER GPP Electrofishers have two 500 watt accessory 12 Volt AC windings The accessory output terminals are located on the generator end bell Set the GPP Control Box Voltage range switch to off Adjust generator engine speed to 3600 RPM using a vibrating tachometer which is available at most small engine shops e Check the 12 Volts AC on the end bell of generator using an AC Voltmeter See Fig 1 1 They should read approx 14 5 Volts 6OHZ 2 5 and 5 0 GPP Only e Check the 12 Volts AC on the output connector Pairs 5 amp 6 See Fig 1 2 If the Voltages are OK go to procedure 2 Flash generator Follow procedure 8 e Restart procedure 1 If 12 Volts AC are still not present go to procedure 3 personnel should attempt high voltage measurements We suggest forming a barricade around IMPORTANT High voltages are present when generator is running Onl
15. 4 10m2 wire netting cathode 310V 3 2kW 0 o i T T TT T T T 2 4 6 44 46 48 Distance from center of anode meters anode cathode Figure 8 Variation of voltage for three different kinds of cathode Figure 8 shows variation of voltage as a function of the distance from the fishing anode for three types of cathode The required voltage is reduced by diminishing the resistance of the cathode field This compensates for the reduced resistance so that the current does not vary The power consumption is directly proportional to the voltage used One advantage of a large cathode is that the risk of accidental electrocution is much reduced A large cathode has very low potential with respect to the soil and the water around it The resistance between the cathode and the water is halved each time the surface of the cathode is doubled For example a 100 square foot cathode would need another 100 square foot added to pass from 9 to 4 5 ohm However a cathode larger than 100 square feet would be inconvenient to handle for shore side electrofishing 23 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL Standard 0 5m grid cathode Large wire netting cathode d two anodes b two anodes c one anode Resistance ohms of cathode 9 of anode field 90 between anode and cathode 99 Potential difference volts between cathode and water between anode and water total Current amps Power kilowatts
16. CH Shuts down operation of the GPP and provides a local override of remote foot switches 4 HIGH VOLTAGE INDICATOR Red indicator lamp shows when voltage is present on output power terminals 5 MODE SWITCH Selects the type of output pulses AC DC or OFF 7 5 only Caution The position of this switch should not be changed when current is flowing i e foot switches engaged 6 PERCENT OF POWER SWITCH Allows the operator to smoothly vary the output voltage and pulse width simultaneously following the positive half of a sine wave 7 DISPLAY MODE Switches display readout between Day Night backlight contrast modes 8 TIMER RESET Resets GPP interval timer to zero 9 ANNUNCIATOR VOLUME Controls the volume of the audio output warning signal 10 PULSES PER SECOND Selects the frequency of pulses in the output wave form USER S MANUAL GPP DISPLAY On power up the unit displays the splash screen with a gray SRI fish logo Smith Root Inc Generator Powered Pulsator GPP 9 0 V1 0 10 Startup splash screen The splash screen also displays the GPP model number and firmware version number Peak Average Voltage 4v 2v Current 0 14 O 14 Power Ow Ow 120Hz 0 1097 Frequency Duty Cycle Time Sec Typical Status Screen If no switch is active the splash screen is replaced after a few seconds with a status screen The status screen displays the numeric value for peak and average of vol
17. ING Use sufficiently thick insulated wire to hook up to the auxiliary windings The gauge depends on the length of the wire the voltage drop and the amount and kind of load Consult a competent electrician and national and local codes GROUNDING If grounding is called for in local codes or radio interference necessitates it drive a 3 4 or 1inch pipe into the ground as close to the unit as possible This pipe must penetrate moist earth To the pipe connect a ground clamp and run a No 10 wire from it to the battery negative terminal on the control panel or to the generator ground stud Do not connect to a water pipe or a ground used by a radio system When used in boats ensure that generator frame is grounded to boat hull This will prevent a shock in the event of an electrical failure 4 2013 FUEL SHUT OFF VALVE The generator has one fuel shut off valve Make sure the valve is open for proper operation It is located directly below the choke lever ins POWER PPLY CONTR GENERATOR Your GPP is powered by a specially manufactured gas powered generator The generator is wound so that the output voltages are taken directly from the generator eliminating the need for a transformer or voltage doubler The generator has a self excited revolving field This rotor connects directly to the engine crankshaft with a tapered fit The stationary Stator has a separate excitation winding and multiple windings to supply AC power
18. K go to procedure 6 Fig 2 3 9 0 GPP personnel should attempt high voltage measurements We suggest forming a barricade around IMPORTANT High voltages are present when generator is running Only qualified the test area and posting appropriate high voltage warning signs www smith root com 29 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL PROBLEM NO OUTPUT FROM GPP ELECTROFISHER CONT PROCEDURE 3 CHECK NNECTIONS BRUSHES AND EXCITER RECTIFIER Turn generator off before troubleshooting Open the generator end bell cover by removing the two large screws on the housing cover e Inspect the wire bundles for chaffing loose or broken connections Repair if needed See Fig 3 1 Check brushes replace brushes if length less than 3 8 ffi 1 cm See Fig 3 2 e Clean rotor slip rings with fine non metalic abrasive pad such as 3 M Scotch Brite See Fig 3 3 e Disconnect wires from rectifier Check 3 pin rectifier with ohmmeter in diode testing position The rectifier should only conduct one way between AC and negative pin Replace if shorted between pins or if open between pins See Fig 3 4 and inset e Correct problems reassemble and retest using procedure 1 and 2 If there is still no voltage at connector continue to procedure 4 30 2013 USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM NO OUTPUT FROM GPP ELECTROFISHER CONT PROCEDURE 4 CHECK ROTOR WINDIN Disconnect yellow wires from th
19. Since 1964 the leader in effective safe and reliable products for fisheries conservation Knowledgeable biologists depend upon Smith Root equipment Products for Fisheries Conservation 07290 11 USER S MANUAL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION cn 3 APPENDIX Advanced Troubleshootin Check Generator 12 AC Voltages all models 28 UNPACKING eee 4 CHOOSING LOCATION ir sisi 4 Test for Continuity High Voltage AC Output 29 Fuel Shut Off Valve siccscoisssinssiccnssunetsanstnnistcestsestousnsinaises 5 Check connections brushes exciter rectifier 30 Power Supply CONTOS nn 5 Check Rotor Windings ss 31 Operating Procedure 8 Check Stator Windings 32 MAIN SRE nn 9 Test GPP Control BOX 35 Electrofisher Controle 6 Test GPP Control BOX a GPP Displa s sim ih edie 7 Flashing the Rotor 35 Basic Troubleshooting nn 10 B ild a Test Load dun uns 36 Specifications ssh hidtin dite 11 2 5 amp 5 0 GPP Generator Stator Wiring s 37 Parts EISi ermar ee 12 75 GPP Generator Stator WIFI essi 38 Fan Installation Kit Engine Anti Vibration 13 9 0 GPP Generator Stator Wiring 39 Generator Anti Vibration MOUNTING eee 14 Contents Electrofishing Safety amp Principles 16 SAFETY Electrofishing Safety 17 Backpack Safety hiisdcinandiiatiadccnianadades 18 Boat Safety 18 BOSS DOME nonin isieiinan en Pere rneera ee reer 18 Introduction to Electrofishing reren 19 Types Of CUMING cscs foicslaccsscesecssceees te
20. attery the output is ON compartment accessible from 3 back of control panel e Retest settings in the high range NOTE If output current is absent return the control box to Smith Root Inc The N cell batteries should be replaced EVERY five years See Fig 7 2 Fig 7 2 PROCEDURE 8 FLASHING THE ROTOR Rotor Flashing is a process of magnetizing the Rotor This is necessary for the Generator to produce an output This is normally done at the factory and should not be required unless the Generator has been disassembled Should FLASHING become necessary stop the engine and identify the two inner and two outer brush holders The right hand brush has a wire that connects to the three terminal rectifier assembly The left brush is connected to the inner windings See Fig 8 1 Connect the 12 Volt Battery s positive lead to the left brush terminal Next hold the negative lead to the right brush terminal for a minimum of ten seconds This will re magnetize the Rotor USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING Facing Stator end with cover removed Outside Brush holder Inside Brush holder 12 Volt Fig 8 1 www smith root com 35 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL IMPORTANT Danger High Voltage is present during test load procedure Every effort should be made to keep all personnel away from test load bucket It may be necessary to form a barricade around testing area and post appropriate signs warni
21. aught the fundamentals of electricity and have an understanding of the safety requirements The most important factor in electrofishing efficiency and safety is the training and experience of the crew At least two members of the crew should be qualified to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation As opportunities arise all crew members should attend a course in basic life support training ELECTRICAL SHOCK It is the current that passes through the human body that does the damage The voltage is relevant because it is the force that pushes the current through the body Experiments show that 20 to 500 Hz AC current is more dangerous than DC or higher frequencies of AC The voltages used by electrofishing gear cause death by one of three means VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION Ventricular fibrillation is uncoordinated contraction of the muscles of the heart The heart quivers rather than beats Electrical current through the www smith root com chest can cause this condition Once a person goes into ventricular fibrillation the only way to stop the quivering is to use a defibrillator that applies a pulse shock to the chest to restore heart rhythm Cardiopulmonary resuscitation may help to keep a victim alive until he can be defibrillated RESPIRATORY ARREST The respiratory center is at the base of the skull Thus shocks to the head can cause the breathing to stop Artificial respiration by the mouth to mou
22. ave less chance of damage to the fish your battery or fuel lasts longer and you can work in very conductive water that overloads conventional electrofishers 21 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL Current lines N Constant voltage lines The field pattern RESPONSE OF FISH TO DC FIELDS An electric field in water can be considered to have three separate areas The outer peripheral area is a weak field that the fish is indifferent to The next area closer to the electrodes has a stronger electrical field but not enough to stun the fish In this area the involuntary swimming action will occur and the fish will swim towards the anode The innermost area has the strongest electrical field and the fish within it are immobilized ZONE OF POTENTIAL FISH INJURY Fish close to the anode receive a very high head to tail voltage Most fish injuries occur within half a meter from the anode This is called the Zone of potential fish injury We can minimize the injury by reducing the time the electricity is turned on DUTY CYCLE 22 Duty cycle is the percent of on time It is a product of the pulse width and the pulse frequency The duty cycle can be lowered in three ways by reducing the pulse width by reducing the pulse frequency or by using gated bursts where the power is off for a period between each burst of pulses Fish close to an anode with a low duty cycle are far less likely to be injured than with
23. ctrofishing at night with lights is five to ten times more effective than daytime fishing especially in lakes In streams the reflection of the spotlight on the ruffled surface makes the fish difficult to see Boats have flood lights on the bow to attract the fish and to help locate stunned fish SURPRISE Collecting can be enhanced by introducing the element of surprise through intermittent fishing The intensity of the anode s peripheral field often frightens fish causing them to bolt and hide Do not work with the power on continuously but turn it on only in likely habitats Fish can be enticed from under areas of heavy cover or ice by inserting a portable anode turning the power on and withdrawing the anode slowly and smoothly Fish will follow the anode under the influence of www smith root com galvanotaxis into the open where they can be netted CLARITY AND DEPTH Clarity of the water limits the ease of capturing fish The length of the dip net handles and the visibility of the fish limit the depth of effective electrofishing In general waters over ten feet deep cannot be sampled effectively For daytime fishing polarized sunglasses help in locating stunned fish VEGETATION Aquatic vegetation grows better from certain substrates and can hinder electrofishing by fouling electrodes and entangling stunned fish WATER VELOCITY Electrofishing in flowing water is not as effective as in still water
24. d approved safety container for storing fuel 4 Fill the gasoline tank with clean fresh unleaded gasoline Do not overfill the tank Leave half an inch of the top of the tank to allow space for expansion Make sure the fuel cap is tightly closed 17 5 lf fuel was spilled wipe it away carefully Wait until the fuel has dried before starting the engine 6 Connect the Anode and Cathode to the OUTPUT PWR receptacle s i 7 Plug the remote control cable foot switch into the 4 pin receptacle 8 Attach the generator cable s into the male plug s labeled INPUT PWR 9 Place the anode and cathode in the water not touching each other 10 Fully choke the motor to start Open the choke once the engine is running Do not touch high voltage spark plug and coil terminals While spark 19 voltages are not normally lethal the involuntary jerk of the hands caused by electrical shock may result in injury 11 On the Electrofisher set the MODE selector switch to the desired mode If you are not sure 20 which mode you desire start with 120 pps DC 12 Set the PERCENT OF RANGE to the minimum 13 Set the RANGE selector switch to LOW 14 Set EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN switch to ON 8 2013 Not applicable to 7 5 or 9 0 GPPs Anode pole 1 N Anode pole 2 nd optional fn a E N Cathode Stake cathode Anode _ options buried in ground pole 3 7 optional a Rat tail cathode Metal plate cathode in the wa
25. duassscateasiidacesansics 21 Electrode D signe 22 Field TECHNIQUES 2252 His nine 25 References na ANR ue 26 Items manufactured by companies other than Smith Root carry the original manufactures warranty Please contact prod uct manufacturer for return instructions All Smith Root Inc manufactured products are covered by a one year warranty 2013 Smith Root Inc Vancouver WA USA 07290 GPP Shore Manual Rev 13 www smith root com 1 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL 2 5 5 0 7 5 9 0 GPP Combo Package Includes the Following 2 5 GPP 5 0 GPP ee 7 5 GPP Anode Cables 2962 Electrofisher Certification 5465 9 0 GPP Control Box 3867 9 0 GPP Generator 4668 9 0 GPP 2 2013 INTRODUCTION USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION Smith Root Generator Powered Pulsator GPP electrofishers are unsurpassed in quality and performance Our years of experience in manufacturing electrofishers has helped us to produce the most complete line of generator powered electrofishers ever offered Ranging from 1 5 to 9kW Smith Root manufactures electrofishers to handle all fresh or brackish water conductivities A complete electrofishing system consists of an engine a generator an electronic pulsator an anode a cathode cables and switches Our GPP generators are custom wound to supply the optimum voltages for electrofishing and eliminate bulky and hot power transformers All electrofisher pulsators are sup
26. e brush end cap and the Rectifier See Fig 4 1 Measure resistance with ohmmeter between rotor slip rings through the Brushes Brushes are accessible via the brush end caps See Fig 4 2 Resistance should read as follows e ffi24 ohms 2 5 GPP e ffi32 ohms 5 0 GPP e ffi36 ohms 7 5 and 9 0 GPP If resistance varies significantly from above take measurements directly from the slip rings Check Rotor Slip Rings to ground OPEN connection See Fig 4 3 Replace rotor if measurements are out of specifications Go to procedure 5 www smith root com 31 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL PROCEDURE 5 CHECK STATOR WINDINGS Check wire number tags Label with tape and pen if missing e Cut wires at crimp connectors Strip insulation back 1 4 ffi 0 5 cm to expose bare wire e Test winding pairs 1 amp 2 3 amp 4 5 amp 6 7 amp 8 9 amp 10 11 amp 12 See Fig 5 1 e Test yellow exciter wires See Fig 5 3 according to table below HE GPP Model 1 2 Ohms 0 4 Ohms e Test 12 Volt winding pairs White White Black Black Each should measure ffi0 1 Ohms See Fig 5 2 GPP Model Exciter Wines 5 0 7 5 amp 9 0 e Check insulation of all windings to ground open connection See Fig 5 4 e Replace Stator if out of specifications Rotors and end bearings should be replaced as a set Replace rotor bearing support bracket if old type Contact Smi
27. e guards and shields in place and working correctly If rotating parts are left exposed they are hazardous MUFFLER Inspect periodically and replace if necessary Do not operate the power supply without a muffler Inspect spark arrestor screen every 50 hours and replace if damaged INSPECT GENERATOR BRUSHES after every 100 hours of operation and replace when worn to 3 8 inch 1cm or less To inspect brushes remove brush holder caps lift brushes out gently and inspect for wear or breaks in the brush shunts Replace brushes in the same position Always replace brushes in sets CLEAN COLLECTOR RINGS at the same time the brushes are inspected or after unit has been out of service for a period of time Consult your generator s OEM manual for proper cleaning procedures GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING 0 PROBLEM SOLUTIONS Generator does not generate 1 Check output voltage of generator at 12 VAC terminals with electricity lamp or meter 2 Be sure the load is not too large reduce if necessary 3 Check for short circuit in line using an ohmmeter 4 Test diodes with ohmmeter to see if they are shorted or open 5 Check stator winding or field winding for shorts 6 Flash generator Generator voltage too high 1 Refer to engine manufacturer s manual 2 Check engine speed with tachometer Generator Voltage too low 1 Refer to engine manufacturer s manual 2 Check engine speed with tachome
28. ectrical equipment is required safety is reduced for the operators and conditions are lethal for fish close to electrodes The resistance can be kept low by increasing the size of the electrodes The only limitations to this are the availability of larger electrodes and the weight of electrode that can be handled by the operator HIGH CONDUCTIVITY WATER High conductivity is over 2 000 microSiemens cm If a high voltage is applied most current will flow easily through the water and the fish will hardly be affected The electric current follows the path of least resistance and bypasses the fish completely Therefore use low voltages and high currents Currents as high as 60 amps are common the 20 limiting factor being the rating of the power supply Some brackish water and industrial waste water have conductivities over 10 000 microSiemens cm Here smaller power supplies are unable to deliver enough power to stun fish Waters in this range can only be electrofished effectively with the larger model GPPs The Smith Root 7 5 GPP outputs 62 amps through 8 gauge stranded cables This unit can stun large fish in the interface between fresh and salt water For example Striped Bass can be stunned for taking brood stock Theoretically high conductivity could be dealt with by using smaller electrodes but this would reduce the range and also create damaging current densities near the anode FISH CONDUCTIVITY A f
29. ency Shutdown Switch to ON position See Fig 6 2 B Press the foot switches The red light See Fig 6 2 C on the front panel should now be illuminated and the amp meter should indicate amperage If the red light is not illuminated and the amp meter indicates no amperage Turn the generator off e Check the light bulb Check the Fuse on the GPP main circuit board See Fig 6 3 Replace fuse if blown A blown fuse may indicate a short in the Audio Alarm Disconnect the Audio Alarm See Fig 6 4 before retesting Return to start of Procedure 6 If Red light and amp meter indicates output go to Procedure 7 www smith root com 33 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL e Maintain GPP settings from Procedure 6 e Start the generator e Press foot switches e When the Red Light See Fig 71 A is illuminated the Current Meter See Fig 7 1 B should show amperage and the Seconds Counter See Fig 71 C should be counting e If there is no display in the seconds counter replace the N cell batteries in the counter See Fig 7 2 e Adjusting the Percent of Range See Fig 7 1 D up to 100 will increase the amperage shown on Fig 7 1 the Current Meter e Set the Percent of Range to 50 e Switch the Mode switch See Fig 7 1 E from 120 PPS to 60 PPS The amperage should drop by half CAUTION Never switch the Voltage Range while Counter module b
30. fect time when used on generators MODIFICATIONS to the power supply that are not Smith Root authorized may impair the function and safety of the unit Relative positions of input output and control plugs on 2 5 5 0 7 5 and 9 0 GPPs Input power 7 pin male Output power Control 7 pin female 4 pin female 7 5 GPP rt Cathode Anode eee i 5 C ke W w A Cathode Anode pin Output power Input power Control Output power Input power Control www smith root com 5 GPP ELECTROFISHER HIGH VOLTAGE INDICATOR Smith Root Inc Generator HIGH Powered s0 1000 Pulsator MERGENCY SHUTDOWN PERCENT OF POWER PULSES PER SECOND 300C ENUNCIATOR VOLUME Bo De 150 7 or m 1200C Z 7 500 f ale TIMER i 6 50 W RESET i lc Ca a ys e Nw Fe 9 10 OFF HIGH GENERATOR POWERED PULSER Vancouver WA USA SERIAL NO www smith root com Control Panel ELECTROFISHER CONTR 1 RANGE SWITCH Selects the output voltage range between high and low or switches the output to OFF Use low range setting for high conductivity water and high range setting for low conductivity water DANGER The position of this switch should not be changed when the current is flowing i e when foot switch is engaged 2 OUTPUT DISPLAY Displays all output setting parameters duration fault conditions 3 EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SWIT
31. ganisms RESPONSE OF FISH TO ELECTRICITY To collect fish by electrical means we must create an electrified zone of sufficient amplitude to stun fish In the basic electrofishing circuit shown in Figure 1 a current is passed between submerged electrodes A fish between these electrodes forms part of a closed circuit and some current flows through its body The effectiveness of the electrofisher is affected by nine factors voltage electrode shape water conductivity water temperature conductivity of the stream bed fish s distance size species and time in the field If these environmental factors are too far out of line poor electrofishing will result To some extent the effects of changes in water conductivity may be compensated for by changing the output voltage WATER CONDUCTIVITY The conductivity of the water and that of the fish s flesh are the factors that affect electrofishing most The conductivity of water depends on the quantity of dissolved salts and minerals in the water The conductivity of potable waters in the United States ranges from 20 to 2 000 microSiemens cm Sufficient current at realistic power levels will flow through water in this range to electrofish successfully Figure 2 illustrates the field patterns caused by the presence of a fish in water In a no distortion is caused by the presence of the fish In low Voltage Source Electrode Electr
32. geable field biologists depend upon Smith Root equipment GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL CONTENTS ELECTROFISHING SAFETY amp PRINCIPLES SAFETY Electrofishing Safety essence 17 Backpack Safety 18 Boat Safety ii 18 DOs SDO TS arenu Ene NOVa E 18 ELECTROFISHING PRINCIPLES Introduction to Electrofishing cece 19 TYPES Of CUrr ntsris rennais 21 Electrode Design cesses 22 Field Techniques 25 References issnenginnnmeentnnenness 26 16 2013 USER S MANUAL R S NEA 4 y ENN 5 he eg BR nA ay ci te ONE PEs N A ae Er 17 X 4 SAFE FISHING Electrofishing equipment uses voltages and currents that can be lethal to humans The operators must always keep in mind that the chance of receiving an electrical shock is multiplied in or near water Using an electrofisher is like using a firearm if used properly and with good judgment it is perfectly safe lose respect for it and you can lose your life Electrical equipment used in a moist field environment is always subject to deterioration that could lead to dangerous electrical shock Field equipment is also subjected to vibration and impact during transporting and while in operation Often equipment shared by different crews does not receive proper maintenance or a complete checkout Follow the safety guidelines and use good common sense to handle unforeseen circumstances All personnel involved in electrofishing should be t
33. ish will receive the maximum shock through its body when the conductivity of the water is the same as the conductivity of the fish s flesh Unfortunately this is rarely the case Generally fish conductivity is around 115 microsiemens cm FISH SIZE Among fish of the same species the larger fish are more sensitive to electrical currents Fish absorb power as a function of body surface area This is important to 2013 remember if you are shocking for small fish and large fish are also present The large fish are going to receive a much greater shock than the small fish TEMPERATURE Water conductivity increases with temperature SUBSTRATE Certain bottom substrates will conduct electrical current These weaken the electric field in the water making fish capture less effective ADJUSTING THE VOLTAGE By adjusting the output voltage the effects of the water s conductivity on electrofishing can be reduced The current flowing through the water is directly related to the voltage applied The higher the voltage the greater the current will be When adjusting the output voltage the major consideration is the power being used This is especially true for battery powered electrofishers Power is equal to the voltage multiplied by the current When figuring the power for an electrofisher the fact that it is usually putting out pulsed DC must be taken into consideration The instantaneous power during a pulse
34. it is operating under conditions such that fish should be caught If the electrical performance is close to this reference point and fish are not being caught it is safe to conclude there are few fish in the area USER S MANUAL INTRODUCTION TO ELECTROFISHING engaged in electrofishing must wade or float depending upon the depth and swiftness of the water An operator WADING In shallow slow moving waters the operators can wade and probe the anode into likely fish habitat Wading upstream eliminates the effects of turbidity caused by bottom sediment Furthermore if collections are for food habitat study stunned prey are not swept downstream and consumed by predators Fish that manage to escape are often captured a short distance downstream Closing a stream with seine nets at each end of the study area helps prevent the loss of stunned and frightened fish BOATS Boat electrofishers are used in lakes and in streams that are too deep or swift to wade Boats have the advantage of being able to carry large generators and holding tanks for the stunned fish Electrofishing boats typically have two insulated booms extending from the bow From the end of the booms electrodes hang into the water Usually one boom is used as the anode and the other as the cathode The boat operator guides the boat while the electrofishing crew activates the electrofisher when approaching likely habitat NIGHT FISHING Ele
35. ng of High Voltage From Cathode From Anode Aluminum Plate Ring Lugs bolted to Plates Fig 9 2 36 WARNING keep all personnel clear of test load while generator running Construct a test load using a plastic bucket with the metal handle removed Fig 9 1 Connect the test load to the GPP Electrofisher as shown Fig 9 2 Add tap water to the bucket Set the Mode Switches on the GPP Control Box to AC amp 120 PPS 60 AC Start the generator Control the GPP output with the Emergency Shut Down switch or Foot switch By turning the Percent of Range control up to 100 and checking the amp meter on the GPP Control Box the correct load can be determined See below Maximum GPP Amperage 2 5 5 0 Maximum GPP Amperage 7 5 9 0 Low moa Wish 50 oam 16 amps The amp meter will increase to the maximum as you turn up the Percent of Range e The load may be increased by slowly adding table salt to the water in the bucket If the load is too great for the range selected the GPP will operate erratically e If the amp meter starts to show a decrease in amps or is erratic as the Percent of Range nears 100 the generator is over loading The water may need to be changed or decrease the portions of electrodes immersed in the water 2013 USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING 2 0 GPP GENERATOR STATOR WIRIN All Wires to GPP Connector14 Ga
36. ode Figure 1 The basic electrofishing circuit 0112 f Vois t ti re 53mm gt m 100mm gt 5 3V 2V 84567 8 9 10 0123 m 8V a 0 2 84 9 678 10 Jill ii nn a Equal conductivities b Fish more conductive c Water more conductive Figure 2 Electric field patterns caused by fish conductivity water b the distortion of the electric field is such that the voltage near the fish is less than it was before the fish was present The reverse is true in c where the water conductivity is more than that of the fish In this case the distortion is caused by the current concentrating in www smith root com the water surrounding the fish In both b and c not as much power is transferred into the fish s body as in a 19 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL LOW CONDUCTIVITY WATER Distilled water is a very good insulator It has a conductivity range of 0 5 to 5 0 microSiemens cm If a normal voltage is applied in distilled water very little current will flow Power flow is too low to be effective for electrofishing The current passing through a fish decreases as the power flow decreases To get the same response from fish the current can be maintained by either increasing the voltage or by keeping the resistance low If a higher voltage is used up to 1 200 volts may be necessary High voltages create three problems special el
37. plied in an aluminum case with carry handles A typical shore hook up with electrode pole and control box www smith root com 3 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL UNPACKING amp SET UP UNPACKING Carefully remove the GPP and its power supply from the shipping container and examine closely for shipping damage If any parts are missing or the unit is damaged notify the transportation company and immediately file a claim for the amount of damage Record the model and serial number of your electrofisher in the spaces provided below Model Number Serial Number When ordering parts always include the power supply model and serial number located on the unit s nameplate This is essential to ensure the correct replacement part is shipped to you Please keep this manual and refer to it when making adjustments or ordering parts Additional copies are available for a nominal charge from your distributor CHOOSING A LOCATION _ _ _ In choosing the best location for your GPP the following factors should be taken into consideration FIRE HAZARDS Locate the power supply at least 3 feet 1 meter away from buildings or structures Keep the power supply away from flammable trash rags lubricants and explosives Do not use the power supply near any forest brush or grassland unless the exhaust system is equipped with a spark arrestor that is effective Have a fire extinguisher accessible SECURITY Choose a location where e
38. ractions caused by AC do not occur and off off 1 on 0 on off straight flexed straight flexed straight Galvanotaxis In pulsed DC a fish s body flexes with each pulse Voltage across fish Field Intensity V cm 6 25 Distance from anode m 1 2 As the fish nears the anode it receives a very high head to tail volt age the fish recover much faster Mortality rate is much lower with direct current PULSED DIRECT CURRENT Even greater anode attraction is possible with pulsed direct current Pulsed direct current is made by interrupting steady DC with an electronically controlled switch The switch gives several on off pulses per second The number of pulses per second pulse frequency and the on time pulse width have different effects on different species of fish In a pulsed DC field a fish s body flexes with each pulse and returns to normal between pulses This flexing and straightening accentuates the involuntary swimming towards the anode called galvanotaxis www smith root com Smith Root Programmable Output Waveforms give you complete control over your electrofisher output This patented method of synthesizing waveforms makes it possible to produce virtually any waveform so you can select the one that is safest for the fish POW allows you to create narrow pulses to achieve the same results as wide pulses Narrower pulses put less power into the water This has three benefits you h
39. rage 51 2 36 7 High Current Warning dialog Output Disabled Switch to Low Setting Or Reduce Power Peak Current Average S12 36 7 High Current Error dialog Deactivate switch or contact Smith Root Inc for Repair 14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave Vancouver WA 98686 www smith root com 360 573 0202 Switch Active At Reset dialog Contact Smith Root Inc for Repair 14014 NE Salmon Creek Ave Vancouver WA 98686 www smith root com 360 573 0202 Zero Cross Timing Error dialog 7 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL OPERATING PROCEDURE Shore Hookup with Anode Poles Before operating the power supply put on safety glasses and ear protectors Remove wristwatch rings and any other jewelry Do not operate the power supply while smoking Do not operate while under the influence of alcohol drugs or medication 1 First check the engine oil level Use 4 stroke eae detergent oil SAE 10W 30 Do not overfill 2 Refuel the engine outdoors Keep away from any open flame pilot light furnace heater or clothes dryer Stop the engine and allow it to cool prior to refueling Never fuel the engine while it is hot or running to avoid fire explosion bodily injury 15 or property damage 3 Use gas with a minimum rating of 85 octane 16 Do not use leaded gas because it produces combustion deposits that may shorten the life of the exhaust system Do not mix oil with the gasoline Use a clean properly marked an
40. since fish are swept away from the electric field and netting is more difficult Also it is more difficult to see a fish in fast flowing water and operators can loose their footing Flows greater than 5 feet per second usually produce poor electrofishing efficiencies 25 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL ELECTROFISHING REFERENCE amp TRAINING MATERIALS REFERENCES The following are books research papers and other references on various aspects of electrofishing The ideas and findings presented in them form the basis for much of the current practice in electrofishing _ Bryan R Cowdell and Richard A Valdez 1994 Effects of Pulsed DC Electrofishing on Adult Roundtail Chub from the Colorado River in Colorado North American Journal of Fisheries Management Vol 14 G Cowx and P Lamarque 1990 Fishing With Electricity Applications in Freshwater Fisheries Management Fishing News Books Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd ISBN 0 85238 167 0 L G Cowx 1990 Developments in Electrofishing Fishing News Books Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd ISBN 0 85238 166 2 N G Sharber and SW Carothers 1988 Influence of Electrofishing Pulse Shape on Spinal Injuries in Adult Rainbow Trout North American Journal of Fisheries Management 8 117 122 26 5 Michael A Bozek and Frank J Rahel 1991 Comparison of Streamside Visual Counts to Electrofishing E
41. stimates of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout Fry and Adults North American Journal of Fisheries Management Vol 11 D W Novotny and G R Priegel 1971 A Guideline for Portable Direct Current Electrofishing Systems Technical Bulletin No 5l Department of Natural Resources Madison Wisconsin D E Snyder and S A Johnson 1991 Indexed Bibliography of Electrofishing Literature Larval Fish Laboratory Colorado State University Fort Collins Colorado M Burridge and G Goodchild 1988 A Bibliography of Electrofishing Ministry of Natural Resources Fisheries Branch Queen s Park Toronto Ontario Canada 2013 9 Alec G Maule and Matthew G Mesa 1994 Efficacy of Electrofishing to Assess Plasma Cortisol Concentration in Juvenile Chinook Salmon passing Hydroelectric Dams on the Columbia River North American Journal of Fisheries Management Vol 14 10 N G Sharber SW Carothers J P Sharber J C DeVos D A House 1994 Reducing Electrofishing Induced Injury of Rainbow Trout North American Journal of Fisheries Management 14 Jeffery C Barnet and Gary D Grossman 1988 Effects of Direct Current Electrofishing on the Mottled Sculpin North American Journal of Fisheries Management Vol 8 USER S MANUAL APPENDIX ad ALL Contents Check Generator 12 AC Voltages all models 28 Test for Continuity High Voltage AC OUtput
42. tage current and power It also shows the pulse frequency and when the unit is active the percent duty cycle The time in seconds that the unit has been active is also displayed on the status screen This time is Cumulative and the value is retained through power cycles It can be reset to zero by depressing the Timer Reset button The GPP constantly takes voltage and current readings and displays these on the status screen In addition the GPP compares it s current readings with safety limits specifically for the model in use If the current readings exceed a low limit the GPP will flash a Warning message on the screen but continue to operate If the GPP s current readings exceeds a higher limit the GPP will display a ERROR message on the screen and stop the output to prevent damage to the system Releasing the Foot switch will remove the error display and restore the status display screen The status screen has two modes A brighter daylight mode and a contrasting night mode The same information is present in both modes Pressing the Display Dimmer button will toggle through the two status display modes SR baste onar Ine P a A Daylight Night mode selector B Timer reset button www smith root com FAULT MENUS The display system also shows various fault conditions and other warning dialogs with possible solutions Switch to Low Setting Or Reduce Power Peak Current Ave
43. ter Set the ENUNCIATOR VOLUME to midrange Activate the remote control switch The high voltage indicator lamp and audio alarm should both come on and the ammeter will deflect Adjust the PERCENT OF POWER control to achieve optimum response by the fish The duty cycle value will follow the percent of power adjustment and the peak readings will rise until the pulse encompasses the highest part of the generator power wave Deactivate the REMOTE CONTROL SWITCH Damage to the range selector switch may result from switching under load Experimentation will be required to learn what mode and voltage settings are best for various water conditions and types of fish If the ammeter shows LOW RANGE and the RANGE selector is in the HIGH position switch to the LOW position The low voltage windings on the generator are capable of delivering more current than the high voltage windings If erratic operation occurs in the high range switch to the low range Do not operate the generator above the power ranges indicated on the meter or possible engine and generator damage may occur If you have a 7 5 or 9 0 GPP and have been running it hard run it for another five minutes under no load before shutting it down This allows the electrical components to cool down slowly extending their life considerably To avoid burns or fires let the power supply cool before transporting When transporting turn the fuel valve to the OFF position and
44. ter 3 Be sure the load is not too large reduce if necessary 4 Check for short circuit in line using an ohmmeter 5 Test diodes with ohmmeter to see if they are shorted or open 6 Check stator winding and field winding for shorts between windings or to the generator frame Generator overheats 1 Check output voltage of generator 2 Be sure the load is not too large reduce if necessary 3 Check for short circuit in line using an ohmmeter 4 Be sure generator is located properly Generator brushes sparking Check stator winding or field winding for shorts Check after generator is sufficiently warmed up 15 to 20 minutes WARNING Always remove the engine ignition cable before checking or repairing the power supply to prevent it from accidentally starting 10 2013 USER S MANUAL PECIFICATION MODEL 2 5 GPP 5 0 GPP 7 5 GPP 9 0 GPP Conductivity microSiemens 10 1 750 10 5 500 10 11 000 100 25 000 cm Rated Output Power Watts 2 500W 5 000W 7 500W 9 000W 12 volt AC Aux 500 W 42 amp 2 500 W 42 amp 2 500 W 42 amp 2 500 W 42 amp uae hue Pulsed AC amp DC Pulsed AC amp DC Pulsed AC amp DC Pulsed DC DC Output Peak 0 500 V Low 0 500 V Low OV 170V 340V 500V OV 85V 170V 340V volt O 1000 V High O 1000 V High 1000V 680V AC Output RMS 0 350V Low 0 350V Low volt 0 700V High 0 700V High ee Output Pulse Frequency 7 5 15 30 60 amp 120 Hz 7 5 15 30 60 amp 120 Hz 7 5 15 30 60 amp
45. th Root Inc for further information 32 2013 USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING PROCEDURE 6 TEST GPP NTROL BOX Test a single or dual foot switch pedal using an ohmmeter Carefully connect the ohmmeter connectors to pins A amp B on the 4 Pin male plug Use care to not allow the ohmmeter connectors to touch when connecting them to the pins on the 4 Pin male plug See Fig 6 1 The ohmmeter should measure OPEN ohms with the switch off and ZERO ohms with the switch on If it does not you may have a broken wire or a bad switch inside the pedal If foot switch is inoperative return to Smith Root Inc for service Test dual foot switches with an ohmmeter using the same method as shown above Connect the ohmmeter to pins A amp B on the 4 Pin connector for switch 1 and to pins C amp D for switch 2 See Fig 6 1 iE UUUU i 4 Pin male plug Fig 6 1 as seen from end Connect the generator to GPP Control Box quon O onoo e Connect the foot switch to GPP Control Box e Connect a test load to output cables see Procedure 9 Gi 5 6j WARNING Keep all personnel clear of the Test Load while the generator is running e Switch mode switch to 120 PPS 5 Amp 5 Fast Blow Turn Percent of Range to 50 Fig 6 2 Euse Switch the output Voltage selector to low range Switch the Emergency Shutdown Switch to OFF position See Fig 6 2 A Start the generator Switch the Emerg
46. th method should be used in this case ASPHYXIA Asphyxia is caused by contraction of the chest muscles 17 GPP ELECTROFISHER USER S MANUAL PLANNING FOR SAFETY 18 Before each operation check that the frame emergency release is in working order and check that the tilt switch shuts off power if the unit is tipped more than 45 Wear hip boots or chest high waders with non skid soles Wear polarized sunglasses to help you detect sub surface hazards and obstacles Beware of turbid water that can hide unseen sub surface obstacles and sudden drop offs Shut off your electrofisher before entering or leaving a stream Do not operate an anode pole when carrying a backpack unit weighing more than 20 pounds when in hazardous conditions If you get water in boots waders or gloves stop work immediately and get dry clothing 7 Operate slowly and carefully Footing in most streams is poor and most falls often occur when operators are hurrying BOAT SAFETY __ 1 Ground the generator to the boat hull 2 Be sure that all the metal parts on the boat are bonded to each other electrically 3 Run all cables through electrical conduit or use a heavy duty rubber covered cord recommended for wet locations 4 Makeall electrical connections in water tight junction boxes 5 Each dip netter should have his own foot switch to control the output The switch should be wired in series with the 20
47. veryone especially children can be kept away to protect them from burns and electrical shocks Take precautions to prevent unqualified personnel from tampering with or attempting to operate the power supply SURFACE Choose a level surface If the power supply is tilted fuel spillage may result MOISTURE Do not stand the unit in water or on wet ground Protect electrical equipment from excessive moisture that will cause deterioration of the insulation and may result in short circuits DIRT Install the unit in a clean location Abrasive materials such as dust sand or lint cause excessive wear to both engine parts and generator parts Grass and leaves are a fire hazard COLD Engines should be located where the temperature does not fall below freezing Engines start easiest when they are not subject to extreme cold HEAT The temperature of the area where the engine is located must not exceed 100 F because the engine is air cooled Where natural ventilation is inadequate install a fan to boost circulation CONFINED SPACE Restricted air flow can cause overheating and damage the engine and generator Operation in an enclosed compartment is also a fire hazard and is not authorized EXHAUST Whenever an engine is used indoors the exhaust must be vented to the outside Exhaust from a gas engine is extremely poisonous containing carbon monoxide an invisible odorless gas that can cause unconsciousness or death AUXILIARY WIR
48. y qualified the test area and posting appropriate high voltage warning signs 28 2013 USER S MANUAL ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING PROBLEM NO OUTPUT FROM GPP ELECTROFISHER CONT SHUT DOWN GENERATOR Check all the connector pairs resistance to Generator ground 2 5 and 5 0 GPP 1 amp 2 3 amp 4 See Fig 2 1 7 5 GPP 1 amp 2 38 amp 4 58 amp 6 See Fig 2 2 9 0 GPP 1 amp 2 38 amp 4 58 amp 6 See Fig 2 3 All of the pairs should show open or high resistance gt 0 5 Meg ohm e Next check insulation between winding pairs If resistance measures low the wire or generator insulation is bad If low resistance is measured go to procedure 5 e With generator running check for High Voltage on generator connectors See wiring diagrams at the end of this document 2 5 and 5 0 GPP Check each of the High Voltage terminal pairs on the output connector for aprx 360 Volts RMS AC Pairs 1 amp 2 and 3 amp 4 See Fig 2 1 7 5 GPP Check each of the Voltage terminal pairs on both of the output connectors for approximately 115 Volts e RMS AC Pairs 1 amp 2 3 amp 4 and 5 amp 6 See Fig 2 2 9 0 GPP Check each of the Voltage terminal pairs on both of the output connectors for approximately 67 Volts RMS AC Pairs 1 amp 2 3 amp 4 and 5 amp 6 See Fig 2 3 Also check for 115 Volts RMS AC on the smaller 2 pin connector If the Voltages are LOW or absent go to procedure 3 If the Voltages are O

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