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1. ee eeceeceseceseceseceeecseecseeeeeeeeceseeeaeeseeeeeeeereseeeeenaees 46 7 4 6 Resistance settlement curve menu iteIM cece ceseeeseeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseneeenteensees 47 TAT Results meiate i ic0i i castetitetecte eves tends vied a able eects keds 48 7 4 8 Pile cross section menu item cee eceesceesceseceseceseceseceeecseecseeeaeesseeeeeeeeeerenteeeaees 49 7 4 9 Empirical data table menu item ee ceeceseeeseesceeseceeeceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeereneeeneensees 50 7 4 10 Page size and margins menu itCM c cee cesecesecseeeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeneeeeeenaees 51 7 4 11 Move objects menu item ee eecceeceseceseceseceecseecseeeseeseeeeeeeeesseeeaeenaeeeseeeenaees 51 TS Graphics preferences nen e ar e a e a a R E ER 52 7 5 1 Refresh and zoom menu item s ssssssesseeseresesessessesressestseresseseeseserstsseenesseeeessese 52 7 5 2 Fill colours menu itemise ennenen iiini a E 52 17 5 3 Zoom info menuitem 20 eeeeeeesseeeceeeceecceeeceseceseceaecseecseecaeeeaeeeseeeeesereeeeeeeeeaees 52 7 5 4 Legend font selection menu iteM cc eecesceseesecetecececeecseeeeeeeseeeeeeereeeeenteeeaees 52 7 5 5 Margins and borders menu item ccceecesceesececeeseeesecseeeseeeeeeeseseeeeeeeseeeneeensees 53 7 5 6 Pen colour width menu item cccceeceseceeceseeeseceeeceeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeteensees 53 7 5 7 Mini CAD toolbar menu item ccceeceecceeeceseceeceteceeecee
2. 6 4 Further EAP examples A variety of further pile designs can be found in the EAP The EAP examples below can be found in the example files provided Analysis was carried out using the lower and the upper table values EAP example Pile type Page in EAP B3 Bored pile 274 B4 Pre cast driven pile 277 BS Fundex pile 281 B6 Pre cast driven pile 284 B7 Franki pile pressure injected toe 288 Table 3 EAP examples Example 7 demonstrates design of a Franki pile The design of Franki piles is essentially different to that of normal driven piles The die characteristic load F G k for permanent and F Q k for changeable loads must be specified The subsequent analysis then provides the required pile toe volume and the norm driving work component W see Section 5 2 2 Design of Franki piles GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 29 of 61 February 2012 7 Description of menu items 7 1 File menu 7 1 1 New menu item You commence a new analysis here A dialog box opens which can also be reached via the Edit Pile type menu item see Section 7 2 2 You may edit the system parameters standard used pile type 7 1 2 Load menu item You can load a file with system data which was created and saved at a previous sitting and then edit the system 7 1 3 Save menu item You can save data entered or edited during program use to a file in order to have them available at a later date or to archive them Th
3. Legend displaying the pile cross section 7 Legend with analysis fundamentals 5 such as pile type pile length safety factor groundwater level etc Pile diagram 6 with analysis results for allowable pile loading and settlements Graphical representation of the system 2 soil structure pile or piles among others Resistance settlement diagram 4 with the resistance settlement curve for a selected pile length or pile diameter GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 17 of 61 February 2012 6 1 2 Move graphic elements All graphic elements can be rearranged at will Select the Move objects menu item from the Output preferences menu Confirm the info box with OK Move the mouse over the object to be moved press the left mouse button and keep it pressed whilst moving the object After re leasing the mouse button the object is shown at its new position The size of some objects can also be altered To alter the size of an object move the mouse to the top or right hand edge of the object in question and move the edge with the left mouse button pressed If you are within the boundaries of a graphic element the mouse pointer changes to a cross with double arrows pointing left right and up down If the mouse pointer is at the top or right hand edge of a resizable element the mouse pointer changes to a simple double arrow pointing either left right or up down To carry out further alterations the menu item must be reac t
4. F G k 1 200 MN F Q k 0 400 MN E d 1 200 1 000 0 400 1 000 1 600 MN R s1 k 0 762 MN R b1 k 2 650 MN Af1 k 0 762 2 650 3 412 MN Ald 3 412 42 000 1 706 MN u Ef d Afd 0 938 The utilisation factor of 0 938 is in terms of a global safety factor of 2 0 LC1 and means that the safety n is 2 0 0 938 2 13 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 12 of 61 February 2012 5 3 5 4 Bored piles to DIN 4014 and DIN 1054 The calculation of bored piles is comprehensively described in DIN 4014 and DIN 1054 Using the information given there a synthetic resistance settlement curve can be calculated from which beside the failure settlement the settlement behaviour of the bored pile may be derived The end resistance for a settlement s of e s 0 02 D pile diameter e s 0 03 D pile diameter e s 0 10 D pile diameter failure settlement must be given The corresponding end resistances are designated sig02 sig03 and sig10 or qb k02 etc in the program The end resistances given in the DIN can be adopted directly from within the program However it is also possible to enter values deviating from the DIN In addition to the end resistances the skin friction must also be given for each soil This is known as tau or qs k by the program Here too the values given in the DIN can be adopted directly from within the program You can also enter user defined values deviating from the DIN here The skin f
5. GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 21 of 61 February 2012 e Minimum pile length group box DIN 4014 demands a minimum pile length of 5 m The GGU AXPILE program examines this condition for the value entered If the minimum pile length is not adhered to there will be no analysis for this length If a reduction in the minimum pile length is acceptable from a geotechnical point of view this value can be lowered The program will issue an appropriate warning message during analysis e Minimum embedment in load bearing strata group box DIN 4014 demands that the bored pile embeds at least 2 5 m into load bearing subsoil The GGU AXPILE program examines this condition for the value entered If the minimum embedment is not adhered to there will be no analysis for this pile If a reduction in the minimum embedment depth is acceptable from a geotechnical point of view this value can be lowered The program will issue an appropriate warning message during analysis e Pile resistance group box The partial factor to Table 3 of DIN 1054 2005 has been entered e Actions group box The partial safety factors for permanent G and changeable Q actions in Table 2 of DIN 1054 2005 were entered It is still possible to alter the Ratio variable total loads Q G Q The failure stress is first divided by the bearing capacity partial factor This gives the bearing capacity stress A further reduction by the partial factors for actions is necessary for c
6. and Max no of lines where necessary several columns are used The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 48 of 61 February 2012 7 4 8 Pile cross section menu item If the Show legend check box is activated a drawing of the section is displayed in the screen graphics for the selected pile xi MV Show legend x mm 150 00 y mm 220 00 Width height mm 25 00 Font size mm 20 Background C Section Fil nest The position of the legend on the output sheet can be defined and edited by means of the variables x and y Width Height controls its size The font size and the background section and fill colouring can be edited to suit your requirements The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 49 of 61 February 2012 7 4 9 Empirical data table menu item If the Show table check box is activated a summary table is displayed on the screen for your selected pile containing the empirical values for end resistance and skin friction in cohesion less and cohesive soils in accordance with the individual tables in the EAP Display for an analysis of several pi
7. m Standard Partial factors EC 7 Info EC 7 Partial factors DIN 1054 2005 Global factors DIN 1054 old Type Pile design to EAP Bored pile Pre cast driven pile type Reinforced and prestressed concreti Y hzbF i 1 0000 Bored pile DIN 4014 DIN 1054 2005 Driven pile designed after Franke Driven pile to Tab C 1 C 2 in DIN 1054 2005 C Driven pile to Tab C 1 C 2 in DIN 1054 2003 Shape Circular Rectangular m Compression or tension pile Compression pile Tension pile Show Ad instead of Allow in pile diagram I Use absolute heights Cancel The program opens with a sample system Keep the default settings After confirming with OK you will see a dialog box in which you can select the load case to be analysed The safety factors corresponding to the selected load case are automatically used in the system data Leave the dialog box clicking on the Load case 1 button and then select System Analyse menu item The output sheet with all graphics for the values given is shown on the screen GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 16 of 61 February 2012 Ersem 2 sis 1 000 sax 400 700m 500m som 1000m 100m re 3s D tengm R R R Anow v 5 im im MN MN MN MN lem 0 400 700 0 530 0378 0266 0266 o49 0 400 800 0 620
8. n Skin friction Info on ge and cu k Depth qc cuk gam gam phi ETR Nom MN m kN r kN r kN m P Designation 1 4 00 0 50 0 0 15 00 5 00 15 0 Peat 2 11 00 10 00 0 0 19 00 10 00 32 5 Sand If you would like to edit the number of soils select the Edit no of soils button and then enter the new number of soils Using the Sort button you can have the soils sorted according to depth This sorting will be carried out automatically when leaving the dialog box without the function being explicitly called up Erroneous input is thus impossible from the outset The layer depths are with reference to grade and are positive downwards as are all other inputs Explanations of the soil properties can be found directly in the dialog box and in the theoretical principles in Section 5 2 1 Pile design to EAP General If the check box in the Table values group box is activated the skin friction is interpolated even for a cone pressure qe lt 7 5 MN m or a shear strength cux lt 60 MN m Otherwise the skin friction is set to 0 The data for unit weights and friction angle are only required when working with tension piles They are therefore not represented in the dialog box shown above GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 23 of 61 February 2012 6 2 4 Analyse with constant pile length Example 1 The program offers two types of variation of the pile system e Constant pile length The pile diameter is v
9. 5 e Page margin defines the position of a frame as a distance to the margins This frame en closes the subsequent diagram The margins can be switched off using the menu item Graphics preferences Margins and borders see Section 7 5 5 7 4 11 Move objects menu item When you go to this item you can move the various objects and legends with the aid of the mouse Move the mouse over the object to be moved When you are located above a moveable object the mouse pointer appears in the shape of a cross You can now press and hold the left mouse button and drag the object to the required position After going to this menu item only one object at a time can be moved using the mouse or its size be altered In order to move or edit several objects this function can be more quickly activated by pressing F11 or the icon The size of an object can also be altered using this menu item or the F11 key If you move over the frame of a changeable object after activating this function the mouse assumed the shape of a double headed arrow Hold the left mouse button and move the frame until the element has reached the required size To retain the ratio of the sides pull at one corner only If on one side only is pulled the object will become higher or wider GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 51 of 61 February 2012 7 5 7 5 1 7 5 2 7 5 3 7 5 4 Graphics preferences menu Refresh and zoom menu item The program works on the pr
10. DIN 1054 oo ecceeceesceseeeeeceeeceecnseeneeeeeeseeees 13 5 5 Driven piles according to FRANKE ccccecccessceseceseeeseceeeceeecaeeeaeeeseeseceseeeseesseeeeeenseees 14 A Sc LOMStOM Piles E Satecc bt tele sees E A A E E 15 Deft Partial factOrs mesei E ae ave ings a E a nies ehhh D agate Beech eee ts shee nls 15 6 Short description and worked exaMples csccscccsccssessscssssssessssssssssessssssssssessesseess 16 6 1 Structure and design of output sheets cccccesceeseeesceseceeeceseceseceseceeceeeeeeseeseeeeseeeeees 16 Oslel Generate result craphics seis ros a ne tiie Gawd e 16 6 1 2 Move graphic elements 2 c cc cc005 cece scceden sdcevecsdecetes cceeus cescadoteecdeestevitesstescdeteeseces 18 6 1 3 Edit and turn off graphic elements ccccesesseeseceseceseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeteenaees 18 6 1 4 Edit page size and margins cecceceesceesceeeceeeeseceecseeeaeecseeeaeeeeeeeeeeereneeneeneees 20 6 2 Example 1 Bored pile to EAP sos sc cect wa eek cohen BU eh ae een wen 20 6 2 1 Select system preferences Example 1 cccecceescceseceeecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseseenteeesees 20 6 2 2 Enter system parameters Example 1 ee eeceeseceseceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeereneenteenaees 21 6 2 3 Detine soils Example 1 cc 2008 Aone ie Rene atc 23 6 2 4 Analyse with constant pile length Example 1 cceecceeseeeeeeeeeeeeteenseeneensees 24 6 3 Example 2 Driven pile to EAP oo ccecceesceescesscesec
11. No file name Without date and time J Explain allowable Y V Explain settlements E Background I Show program name and version MV Show standard You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y You control the size of the legend using Font size and Max no of lines where necessary several columns are used The legend background can also be given a colour fill The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed By selecting the corresponding options the current file name can be shown in the legend either with or without path and time information Any project identification entered see Section 7 2 1 will also be shown in the general legend If one of the Explain check boxes is activated the lines used in the pile diagram are ex plained in the general legend These may be allow V settlement or R d if working with the par tial safety factor concept to EC 7 and visualisation of R d has been activated in the pile diagram see Section 7 2 2 In addition the program name version number and adopted standard may be displayed in the legend GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 45 of 61 February 2012 7 4 5 Output table menu item When analysing a number of piles using diameter or length variation the final results are dis played in a table in th
12. after FRANKE is applied to driven piles e g in the Geotechnical Engineering Handbook 2003 Part 3 allowing calculation of a resistance settlement curve also for driven piles The relationship given by Franke is End resistance o B s b Skin friction t a qs Where s pile settlement mm qs cone resistance of the CPT to DIN 4094 MN m a P b c coefficients according to the following table Reinforced concrete driven piles 0 003 In situ concrete driven piles 0 004 ka ma An Plain steel piles 0 002 Table 2 Coefficients for driven piles to FRANKE The skin friction increases linearly from 0 to the full value for settlements of up to 0 5 cm It then remains constant The above values can be adopted directly from within the program How ever you can also use your own values The values for the end resistance increase uninterrupted A failure settlement cannot be read from the curve after Franke You must therefore additionally define a failure settlement s This can be achieved either by means of an absolute value definition e g sg 0 5 cm or a relative value as a function of the pile diameter e g Sg 0 025 pile diameter The GGU AXPILE program does not examine the minimum embedment in load bearing soil according to standard when using this type of pile The parameters B b and c listed in the above table describe the end resistance of a driven pile The end resistance of a driven pile that can
13. be activated is thus completely independent of the soil parameters entered in the menu item Edit Soils You must therefore examine whether the ground in the region of the pile toe fulfils the requirements of parameters f b and c This is generally the case if the soil displays at least medium dense compaction or at least firm to semi solid consis tency The soil parameter q together with the parameter a is solely responsible for skin friction The soil parameters y and y are only important when working with tension piles GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 14 of 61 February 2012 5 6 5 7 Tension piles Of course for tension piles no data is required with regard to the end resistance The allowable pile load is determined from the skin friction only This value is compared to the value for the weight of the so called pull out cone The determining factor for the size of the pull out cone is the friction angle see figure above The weight is determined from the unit weights entered taking the groundwater level into considera tion The weight is divided by the safety factor eta pull out this can be given in the menu item Edit System parameters when defining the driven piles If the thus reduced weight is smaller than the force from skin friction the value is used as the allowable pile loading For tension piles reductions are necessary dependent upon the expected number of load cycles This reduction is not perfo
14. diagram using the values x y Width and Height The diagram background can be given a colour fill The fastest way to modify the position or size of the diagram is to press the F11 function key and then to either pull the diagram to the new position or to move the sides of the dia gram to their new size with the left mouse button pressed Resistance settlement curves can be displayed for the skin friction the end resistance and for the sum of these Resistance settlement curves are represented in the graphics for one pile diameter or one pile length only The pile diameter or the pile length to be adopted in the presentation is se lected from the drop down combo box at the bottom of the dialog box The display of Allow V and R d can be activated If the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 is adopted it is possible to display the characteristic bearing resistance in the serviceability limit state R E k instead of allow V GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 47 of 61 February 2012 7 4 7 Results menu item If you have analysed a single pile the detailed analysis results can be shown in a legend by activat ing the Show legend check box ST x M Show legend Heading JResuts 000 x mm 300 y mm 1350 Font size mm 25 Max no of lines 28 MV Show Allow Background The position of the legend is defined by the values x and y The size of the legend is con trolled using Font size
15. pile analysis to Franke eee 14 Heave curves display cccceeesseseeeeeeneeeees Driven pile analysis using tables of DIN 1054 reno aE 13 Driven pile analysis with user defined tablesnons Tinira a e ies 40 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 59 of 61 February 2012 Installation i 232ivein ithe th ween hues 5 Interpolation of skin friction 37 K Knowledge Base acceSs cscceseeseeseeseeeseene 56 Language preferences cceseseeseeeeeeeeeee 6 56 Layer depths enter eceeeeeeeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeene 37 Legend alter position size using mouse 18 51 Licence protection ccceecceseeseeeeseeeeceteeneeeeees 5 Limiting values in EAP tables eee 7 Load case select c 0ccceee Load cases to EC 7 M Manual open as PDF file s s s 56 Metafile CxpPOrt siinsega 32 Mini CAD file export 0 cece eneeeetreeeeeee 32 Mini CAD US6s vsssisssssesearvcinieriee Gameteesne 53 Minimum embedment enter for examination 22 Minimum pile length enter for examination 22 Mouse click fUnctions eeeceseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeee 57 Mouse wheel functions cceeeeseeeeeeteeneeeee 57 Program show improvements eeeeeeee 56 Program show information cesses 56 Project data add via Mini CAD eee 53 Project identification display Project identification enter eee ener Pull out cone determination for tension piles 15 R R E k activat
16. piles to Franke eeeeeeneeeeees 14 Failure settlement enter for driven piles to Franke eeeereeeeeeee 35 File display name in legend AS File load Save cccccccssccesseeeeesees we 30 Fill colour define for allowable area si Fill colour define for pile cee eeeeeeteereee Flange width si 2ccccss ceeceeies estersiscocdederas cocaenn ese Font Se Cte serrr r neen SEERE E Fr ken nnee ienn ia Friction angle enter for tension pile Function keys ccccseesceseeneeeeeees General page informations add via Colour hatching switch on off eee Mini GAD aeon a e 53 Colour pens define for graphical elements 53 GGUCAD file export ee eeeeeeceeeeereeeees 31 Company data add via Mini CAD 0 0 53 GGUMiniCAD file export eters 32 Cone pressure in EAP tables Graphics add via Mini CAD we d3 Context menu open Ground height enter 26 Copy print area oo cece eeeeeeteereeee Groundwater adapt to absolute heights 26 Cutting borders switch on off Groundwater define colout cccceeeeseeeeee 53 Groundwater display in system presentation 44 D Groundwater enter ccccccccccccsceceesceeeesseeeeeee 21 Design load Eg in Franki pile design 9 H Design tables EAP cesecessserceseeeseeeseenees 7 Design value for bearing resistance Ra lS Hatching define for soils Design value for effect Eq eee we d Hatching switch on off is Driven
17. selected pile section is displayed on the output sheet if it has been activated using the menu item Output preferences Pile cross section see Section 7 4 7 The previous designs to DIN 4014 etc remain available but now include a pointer to the EAP if used for analysis Two check boxes are available for design of a driven pile using Tables C 1 and C 2 of DIN 1054 because the January 2003 DIN 1054 defines different values for the end resis tance and skin friction than the January 2005 issue of DIN 1054 If you have selected the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 it is possible to display the bearing resistance design value R d instead of allow V in the pile diagram by activating the lower check box If you select the Use absolute heights check box you can enter all depths and heights in m AD heights are positive upwards If this check box is not selected the top of the pile is assumed to have a height of 0 0 and all further entries depth of soil layers for example are positive down wards System parameters menu item You can enter data for the current system Descriptions of the required input can be found in the Worked example 1 Bored pile to EAP in Section 6 2 2 If the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 is adopted it is possible to determine the characteristic bearing resistance in the serviceability limit state R E k via the allowable settlement instead of allow V Determine R E k via F Allowable set
18. 0 5 300 Pa Cy 100 kN m Cu 150 kNm Cy 250 kN m gt Table 5 14 EAP 0 350 0 450 0 600 0 750 0 950 1 200 0 450 0 550 0 700 0 900 1 200 1 450 0 600 1 000 1 200 1 500 1 600 2 000 Skin friction Qs MN m 7 qe 7 5 MN im q 15 MN m q 25 MNim gt Table 5 13 EAP 0 055 0 080 0 105 0 4140 0 130 0 170 Cuy 60 kN m Cuy 150 kN im Cu 250 KN im gt Table 5 15 EAP 0 030 0 040 0 050 0 065 0 065 0 085 Table 1 Empirical data for a bored pile Previously the values for sig02 sig03 sig10 and tau qp x02 qv ko3 Jb k10 gt Usk had to be defined for each soil type for bored pile analysis see Section 5 3 These values are determined automatically to EAP via q and cux from the appropriate tables If qe and cy are specified the program can also differentiate between load bearing and non load bearing soil This now makes queries in terms of the embedment in load bearing strata possible This has been implemented in GGU AXPILE together with numerous other confirmation prompts In terms of the magnitude of the pile tip resistance and the pile skin friction reductions are re quired for the analysis of pre cast driven piles They are defined in the EAP Table 5 5 by means of calibration factors These calibration factors are incorporated in GGU AXPILE GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 8 of 61 February 2012 5 2 2 Design of Franki piles The design of Franki piles is slightly different to
19. 0443 osi juani 0o48 0 400 900 0 710 0507 o3s6 osse oss 0 400 10 00 0 800 0571 o401 o401 os9 0 400 11 00 0 890 0636 0446 oss oso nai ae Cox Qoxoz_ qoxos qoo asx MN m kNm MN m MNim MNM MN m m es oo 0 000 0 000 0 000 0 0000 Ee 100 0 0 0 717 0917 2 067 0 0717 D 0 40m Pile resistance Re M N oo os 02 03 os os 08 OF os 0 27 oo oo a 02 jy 02 oa oa oso tis 4 os T ry os os os oas s HHHH a 12 1 12 oso 1a 1 1 16 1a 0 35 o 18 Ei mose zad Z o E s Ra ae S ozs 2 2 z 2 3 28 es 28 0 20 30 3 0 32 32 i oas 34 34 as 4 3s 0o10 38 38 40 y 40 a2 42 ba wl ta Ras Re Re ts 46 46 0 00 Resistance settlement line For pile length 7 00 m Basis for calculations Standard DIN 1054 2005 Bored pile Ratio min max 0 00 Skin friction interpolation For qe lt 7 5 MNim Deactivated For cur lt 60 kN m Deactivated Pile diameter 0 400 m 1 425 haa Variable load component 0 500 Allow V Settlement 6 ie Settlements om a4 91 Pile length m 10 4 111 015 The graphics above consist of a total of seven elements also see Output preferences menu Legend with soil properties 1 Output table 3 with analysis results
20. 5 2 1 General The Recommendations of the Working Group on Piles EAP were published in April 2007 These recommendations allow the design of a large number of cored and driven piles via design tables In these terms the EAP represents current best practice Annexes to the DIN 1054 will be replaced in the future by references to the EAP The central input values are the cone pressure q of the CPT in cohesion less soils or the shear strength Caux in cohesive soils This empirical data is represented in the EAP by way of pile type related tables For example for bored piles these are Tables 5 12 cone resistance in cohesion less soils 5 13 skin friction in cohesion less soils 5 14 cone resistance in cohesive soils and 5 15 skin friction in cohesive soils There are two values in each table cell representing a lower and an upper value The EAP recommends use of the lower values The EAP table data are stored in the GGU AXPILE program and can be summarised in a legend for the selected pile type see the menu item Output preferences Empirical data table Section 7 4 9 Table 1 shows an example of the table containing empirical data for a bored pile as it is shown in the program GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 7 of 61 February 2012 Empirical data for Bored pile Pile end resistance q MN m SiD e 7 5 MN m qg 15 MN m Qe 25 MN fm gt Table 5 12 EAP 0 700 1 050 1 350 1 800 2 250 2 950 1 600 2 300 3 000 4 000 4 00
21. Calculation and graphical representation of piles to DIN 4014 DIN 1054 EC 7 EA Pfahle and after Franke GGU AXPILE VERSION 6 a e la Le Last revision February 2012 Copyright Prof Dr Johann Bu Technical implementation and sales Civilserve GmbH Steinfeld Contents V PLefACC s c ccesecscecscsnsceseoseceseteoscesoseovsosecousconscvnssusstencsosscesssctestascesectentesesaosencvecsseesessescssesdencsoess 5 2 Licence protection and installation sccsccsscesssssscesscsssssssssssssssssecssesssessssssssessseesoeees 5 3 Language selection isessccnss ssecssicasnnsosconssensdesnteoneesoseseswansoedse snes sesessdons oncaasdesesesonssosacesedesoseaseonsss 6 4 Starting the proram ysiecicscccscccsesseseveceusssssecesensscendechucssieceuedsssvssesesstusccuansvsvadcestessvoscesvaesasees 6 5 Theoretical principles scsscsssssssssccssessscsesesssssenssssssssesssessssssessessssssssssesesssesssessssesees 7 5 1 General information 0 15 ilies aisleechnte dillon weil deena oie 7 5 2 Prlevdesign te BAP 2 cosh cose tefecs cos E E E afi lide E cough tidaeeunss ooeets 7 SZN Genea aai Riche hate a a tet aaa eet ets Ree hea aie abe hil Medd ele 7 5 2 2 Design of Frankt piles scc c ccccecscccecessstencescccssceuiedes coteestecsscei edstecdeecescecibastdedeecseaeteens 9 5 3 Bored piles to DIN 4014 and DIN 1054 0 eececeeseseeseeecseeeeeecseeceeeceeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeaeeeeaes 13 5 4 Driven piles to Tables C 1 and C 2 in
22. alculation of an allow able foundation pressure In load case 1 e g a partial factor of gam G 1 35 for perma nent loads and one of gam Q 1 50 for changeable loads is demanded From a ratio of 0 40 for example a total partial factor results from Ratio 1 50 1 0 ratio 1 35 1 410 e Determine allowable V via Determine R E k via group box You can specify how Allow V is to be determined Enter the allowable heave instead of the allowable settlement for a tension pile If working with the old global safety factor ap proach Allow V can alternatively be determined via the Required safety If the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 is adopted it is possible to determine the charac teristic bearing resistance in the serviceability limit state R E k via the allowable settle ment instead of allow V GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 22 of 61 February 2012 6 2 3 Define soils Example 1 Use the values of the existing soils layers in the menu item Edit Soils soits Forw Back Cancel __ Sot __Editno of soils __Editno of soils of soils Load Save m Explanations Table values qe cone resistance from CPT min max 0 00 ai gisa z rength of the undiained soil 0 0 gt lower min table values 1 0 gt upper max table values gam gam phi for tension piles only Allow interpolation for ge lt 7 5 MN n Skin friction Allow interpolation for cu k lt 60 kN
23. aried e Constant pile diameter The pile length is varied In this example the pile diameter shall be varied for a constant pile length Select the menu item Edit Piles diameters Generate piles via diameter xj File length m 10 00 r Pile shaft Start diameter m 0 400 Final diameter m 1 000 Delta diameter m 0 100 Pile toe With belled pile Start diameter m 0 400 Final diameter m 1 000 Delta diameter m 0 100 Toe height diameter 1 000 Cancel Define manually First enter the Pile length Below this the pile shaft diameter variation range is given If the pile does have a belled toe activate the With belled pile check box and enter the range of variation for the pile toe diameter GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 24 of 61 February 2012 When the Define manually button is pressed a dialog box opens which allows a fixed diameter to be specified for a user defined number of piles x Pile length m 10 00 Edit number of piles diameter m 0 620 0 900 1 200 Cancel After editing one of the previous dialog boxes the system is first represented without the analysis results If you want to have the foundation reanalysed with the new values go to the System menu and select Analyse Alternatively press the F5 function key or click on the Calculator in the tool bar The analysis results are then presented to you in the various graphi
24. atching Four colour settings are possible you can click through them in sequence A colour filled repre sentation is the default setting the next click shows the hatching then coloured and hatched The fourth click shows a representation with neither colour nor hatching The next click starts again GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 54 of 61 February 2012 7 5 9 Load graphics preferences menu item You can reload a graphics preferences file into the program which was saved using the Graph ics preferences Save graphics preferences menu item Only the corresponding data will be refreshed 7 5 10 Save graphics preferences menu item Some of the preferences you made with the menu items of the Graphics preferences menu can be saved to a file If you select GGU AXPILE alg as file name and save the file on the same level as the program the data will be automatically loaded the next time the program is started and need not be entered again If you do not go to File New upon starting the program but open a previously saved file instead the preferences used at the time of saving are shown If subsequent changes in the general preferences are to be used for existing files these preferences must be imported us ing the menu item Graphics preferences Load graphics preferences GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 55 of 61 February 2012 7 6 menu 7 6 1 Copyright menu item You will see a copyright message and information on
25. be executed For installation of GGU software and the CodeMeter software please refer to the information in the Installation notes for GGU Software International which are supplied with the program GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 5 of 61 February 2012 3 Language selection GGU AXPILE is a multilingual program The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended The language preferences can be changed at any time in the menu using the menu item Lan guage preferences in German Spracheinstellung in Spanish Configuraci n de idioma 4 Starting the program After starting the program you will see two menus at the top of the window e File e After clicking on the File menu a previously calculated system can be loaded by means of the Load menu item or a new one created using New The program allows simple input procedures by moving directly to the option box after New is clicked this can also be reached by pointing to the Edit Pile type menu item You can now directly select the standard to be adopted and the required pile type After leaving this box by pressing OK the relevant load case can also be selected You then arrive at the initial program screen containing an example system with legends and an empty frame in which the output table the resistance settlements and the pile diagram will later be represented Six menus then appear at the top of the window e Fi
26. bles age margins define ss sssssssssisssstssstrs setts Skin friction foices determination for Page margins switch on off sssessesseseeseeeee 53 bored pile to DIN 4014 13 A he es Franki oil nee 34 58 Skin friction define colour ceccceeeeeeeees 53 i ie a E a BA EA PE ii Skin friction designation to DIN 4014 13 _design en seeeeeeeeeteeeseeeeeeenenteeeestetneeeeees Skin friction display as resistance Pile cross section display in legend 49 settlement c rve 47 Pile diagram activate display PRA Al Skin friction display empirical values Pile diagram activate lines explanation 45 of EAP 50 Pileiahaft resistance Riri ti Franki pile ae ahaa OEE EEEE 2 design oo ee eeeeeeeeeee seeceeeeeennnnnnnnnannnsnsseeeceee 10 Skin friction in EAP tables ssssccssssschececscsseseeoetse 7 Pile toe volume determination from EAP Smartcons Tor menikitenis 54 Pia ar aCe Trea CeCe nee ores A Smoothing out method pile diagram 41 ile type select s ssssssssssrsrsrrssrsrsstssnrrnnrnnsnnns Soil layers adapt to absolute heights 26 Pile visualisation define fill colour 52 Soil layers define delete 23 37 Piles with belled toes reduction of Soil properties dena a E deen 3 37 end TESISLAMCE nss eseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeesnennees suas nee Soil properties display in legend 43 Pre cast driven piles required reductions Soil define colo
27. button with the element designation you can also edit the pen or fill colours Furthermore you can define dashing for the allowable V the sum of skin friction and the end resistance or the settlement curves On monochrome printers e g laser printers colours are shown in a corresponding grey scale Graphic elements employing very light colours may be difficult to see In such cases it makes sense to edit the colour preferences Mini CAD toolbar menu item Using this menu item you can add free text to the graphics and add lines circles polygons and images e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc A pop up menu opens the icons and functions used are described in more detail in the Mini CAD manual provided Objects created with the Mini CAD tool are based on the page format in mm This makes you independent of the coordinate system and keeps you in the same position on the page You should select the Mini CAD toolbar if you wish to place general information on the drawing company logo report numbers plan numbers stamp etc Once you have saved the header information to disk see Mini CAD user manual you can load it into completely different systems with differ ent system coordinates The saved header information will appear in exactly the same position on the page which greatly simplifies the creation of general page information GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 53 of 61 February 2012 7 5 8 Toolbar preferences men
28. c elements on the screen The current screen contents can be sent to the printer at any stage of project processing Select the Print and export menu item from the File menu see Section 7 1 6 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 25 of 61 February 2012 6 3 Example 2 Driven pile to EAP 6 3 1 Select system preferences Example 2 To define the preferences for a new calculation go to the menu item File New or Edit Pile type You will see the same dialog box and can then select e Partial factors DIN 1054 2005 or Partial factors EC 7 e Pile design to EAP select Pre cast driven pile e Rectangular e Compression pile Activate the Use absolute heights check box After confirming with OK you can select the load case Click the Load case 1 button or if using EC 7 DS P The partial factors are used in the system parameters If you wish you can enter a description of the problem being worked on using the Edit Project identification menu item this will then be used in the General legend 6 3 2 Enter system parameters Example 2 In the Edit System parameters menu item a number of different dialog boxes are displayed depending on the selected pile type The system parameter dialog box for the selected driven pile corresponds to that for a bored pile A description of the required input can therefore be found in the Worked example 1 Bored pile to EAP in Section 6 2 2 The partial factors are already en
29. ction key and then to pull the legend to the new position with the left mouse button pressed If the System coloured combo box is activated the soils will be displayed coloured in the soil properties legend and in the system presentation Otherwise they will be numbered in the legend If you deactivate the Automatic check box in the Soil colours hatching field the soil col ours will be selected according to your individual preferences which you can edit using the Soil colours button see below Alternatively you have the option of applying a variety of hatches Using the Legend hatching factor closer hatching of the soil legend can be achieved than is possible in the System diagram To define your individual colour preferences click on the Soil colours button A dialog box opens after clicking the button with the desired number you can assign each soil layer a new col our or reorganise the colour allocations by pressing the Soil colours Reorganise button You can save your colour preferences to a file with Soil colours Save and use them for different systems by means of the Soil colours Load command button In the lower group box you can also transfer the colour preferences to the Windows colour management dialog box or vice versa as user defined colour preferences for example You can read a further description by pressing the Info button GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 43 of 61 February 2012 7 4 3 System pr
30. e data is saved without prompting with the name of the current file 7 1 4 Save as menu item You can save data entered during program use to an existing file or to a new file i e using a new file name For reasons of clarity it makes sense to use phl as file suffix as this is the suffix used in the file requester box for the menu item File Load If you choose not to enter an exten sion when saving phl will be used automatically 7 1 5 Printer preferences menu item You can edit printer preferences e g swap between portrait and landscape or change the printer in accordance with WINDOWS conventions GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 30 of 61 February 2012 7 1 6 Print and export menu item You can select your output format in a dialog box You have the following possibilities e Printer allows graphic output of the current screen contents to the WINDOWS standard printer or to any other printer selected using the menu item File Printer preferences But you may also select a different printer in the following dialog box by pressing the Printer prefs change printer button ME amp 8 amp 8 h m Page sizes Output device civilbsdcO1 Lexmark T630 Output device mm x 286 y 201 Image mm 420 0 y 297 0 Printer Printer prefs change printer Landscape Output preferences Zoom factor 1 000 Fit to page Page overlap x mm 0 000 Page overlap y mm 0 000 Output o
31. e display in resistance settlement diagram ce ee eseeeeeeeeereeeeee R E k define determination R d activate display in output table R d activate display in pile diagram R d activate display in resistance settlement diagram eee ceeereeeeee 47 Record description display ccceeeseeeeees 45 Record description enter cccseeceeeeeseeseees 34 Relative value for failure settlement efit ON esi Riots testi ntin oes 14 Resistance settlement curve calculate for bored piles cceceeseecceecceteeeeeeseeeeeeaeenee 13 Resistance settlement curve calculate for driven piles to Franke 0 eee eee 14 Resistance settlement curve display in leg nda e tenuis havnt A 47 Safety factor eta pull out for tension pile N d si 25sec cence civecyeus sdcseceesacsdcdadestbensdescodtessases 15 Safety required cee ceecseeeseeecetecsseeseeeeeeaeenee 36 Norm driving work W determination 10 Scroll the screen eeeeeeeeeeeeees seseeennennennnnnees 57 Section select type for pre cast driven pile 35 Settlement behaviour bored pile to O DIN AOI tas senida mnnn inas 13 Objects alter position size using mouse 18 51 a one a ee e Settlement allowable ccccccceseesteceteeeeees 36 P Shear strength display in system presentation 00 eee ceceeceeeeceteeneeeeeteeeeeeeseeneees ee format ees et eset tee 7 Shear strength in EAP ta
32. e graphics if the Show output table check box is activated You can alter the shape and appearance of the output table z J Show output table x mm 35 00 Width 100 00 y mm 30 00 Height 100 00 Font size mm 3 0 E Background MV Output table with allow T Output table with A d Cares You can define and edit the position and size of the output table using the values x y Width and Height The Font size can be varied to suit the size of the output table The output table background can be given a colour fill The display of Allow V and R d can be acti vated 5 The fastest way to modify the position or size of the output table is to press the F11 func tion key and then to either pull the output table to the new position or to move the sides of the output table to their new size with the left mouse button pressed GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 46 of 61 February 2012 7 4 6 Resistance settlement curve menu item If you have clicked the Show resistance settlement check box a resistance settlement curve is graphically represented on the output sheet Resistance settlement xj MV Show resistance settlement x mm 170 00 Width 85 00 y mm 30 00 Height 175 00 Show which limit curves IV Ab Rs IV Rs V Rb For pile length 7 0m s E Background l Show Rid M Show Allow Y Caneel You can define and edit the position and size of the
33. eceeccesecesecssecseecseeeseeseeeeecesecesecnseeeeesaecsaeesecaecaeensecneeeaseeses 58 D TOK EAEE EEEE EEEE EEA AEA 59 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 4 of 61 February 2012 1 Preface The GGU AXPILE program allows calculation of bored piles to DIN 4014 and of driven piles according to Franke Geotechnical Engineering Handbook GEH 2003 Part 3 and the graphical representation of the results Tension piles can also be calculated Both the global safety factors to DIN 1054 old and the partial safety factors to DIN 1054 2005 or EC 7 may be taken into con sideration The Recommendations of the Working Group on Piles EA Pfahle EAP were published in April 2007 These recommendations allow the design of a large number of cored and driven piles via design tables In these terms the EAP represents current best practice Annexes to the DIN 1054 will be replaced in the future by references to the EAP In the GGU AXPILE program the EAP analyses methods were implemented for pile design Depending on the soil properties the pile length or the pile diameter pile side width are varied and the allowable pile load calculated The allowable pile load is represented as a function of the pile diameter or the pile length determined by the type of variation selected pile length or pile diame ter Alternatively the detailed analysis results can also be displayed for a single pile Data input is in accordance with conventional WINDOWS operations and can
34. eeseeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeenteeeaees 53 7 5 8 Toolbar preferences menu item ee ceeceseeesecsceeseceeecseecseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeneeneensees 54 7 5 9 Load graphics preferences menu item ccececeseesceeceeeeeeeeeeeceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeensees 55 7 5 10 Save graphics preferences menu IteM ceceeececeesseesecseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseenteensees 55 KO DAMON Se oes cy iS ie a oe Sse E ah See Reve RSME OA gee ck AURA RG oes ERE E cobs 56 7 6 1 Copyright menu ttem asserisce erri i i aiia a E ei i 56 ROD Help Menu ENEA a a SA TEE E E N EEE Mes eteeiecee col eewranenee 56 7 6 3 GGU on the web menu item eee eeecseseeceeeeeceseceeeseceeeeecneeeecsaeceeeaecaeeeeeneeeres 56 7 6 4 GGU support menu item ee eceeceesceesceeeceseceseceeecseecseecseeeeeeeeeeeeeeereneeeteeeaees 56 7 60 59 What snlew 2 MenusitemM a EEE lives eiiate es hese eine ieee eet ase 56 7 6 6 Language preferences menu item ec ceecesecesecseeeseceeecseecseeeeeeseeeeseeeeneeeneenaees 56 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 3 of 61 February 2012 8 Tips and trickS cssccsscssssssscsccsscssesssessssssensessessecsesessssensssnsesnsesssecsssssessssessseseneessessoese 57 8 1 Keyboard and Mouse ccccccc ccccccceccescsseccechsdeccecessedcaceecucce cessndssdusdesdhessdedcedsacesdecetesddeserdecds 57 BD FUNCHON KGYS2it 5225sccss0 dent anyone Yan A AE tee tetedesbetecs vias coelehuec ssh tdtes teen deans 57 8 3 Copy print area 1CON cse
35. ers F5 opens the menu item System Analyse F11 activates the menu item Output preferences Move objects GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 57 of 61 February 2012 8 3 Copy print area icon A dialog box opens when the Copy print area icon in the menu toolbar is clicked de scribing the options available for this function For example using this icon it is possible to either copy areas of the screen graphics and paste them into the report or send them directly to a printer In the dialog box first select where the copied area should be transferred to Clipboard File or Printer The cursor is displayed as a cross after leaving the dialog box and keeping the left mouse button pressed the required area may be enclosed If the marked area does not suit your requirements abort the subsequent boxes and restart the function by clicking the icon again If Clipboard was selected move to the MS Word document for example after marking the area and paste the copied graphics using Edit Paste If File was selected the following dialog box opens once the area has been defined x File C Program Files x86 GGU S oftware GGU AXPILE lmage0 emf generated Rename Delete The default location of the file is the folder from which the program is started and if several files are created the file is given the file name Image0 emf with sequential numbering If the Rename button in the dialog box is clicked a f
36. eseeeeceseceecaeceaecaeecaeeeaeeeneeneeeneeensenes 26 6 3 1 Select system preferences Example 2 cccesceescceseceseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeensees 26 6 3 2 Enter system parameters Example 2 cccccesceeseeesecececseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeenteensees 26 6 3 3 Define soils Example 2 ccceecceeseesseesecesecesecnecaeecseeeaeeseeseeeseeneeceaeenaeeeseeeenaees 27 6 3 4 Analyse with constant pile width Example 2 cccccceeseeseeeeeeeeceteeeseeeeeeeensees 28 6 4 Further EAP examples icc cs secccccescesedecccdsc cassie ni i REE E TE E E 29 7 Description of MeN iteMS ccccecrccsccssccsccssesrsessecssesesssessssesesesesessssseesseessessessseess 30 TI Element pe E a e i eee eR ome ete ae 30 TEL New men itemensderiresnieeeecaniie ieee a n iei 30 72 Eoad imenuiteN enen a a a Sher A eee ie ER a 30 7Fal 3 Save menu HEM oieee ote iE eqns O AE EO E EERE 30 T4 Save as men tems ricci nanninta ahia a a 30 7 1 5 Printer preferences MeNU HEM stiin re aerei enoia 30 Til Printand export ment itemi remenen oh bes E E E EEA 31 1 1 7 Batch print menu item csccc cee scces tek celeste cesseediiesteseevssncstiviceasesecdecceteces 33 ToL 8 MEX Men We a AES E testes alas faeateatyat lattes Aihara 33 POE D3 AN MENUMLEIMS nnana rats ha taghe ae br dt ae eee ted ined 33 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 2 of 61 February 2012 T2 Edit MGM 08 tte n nanana chu etevaedeats ahutht Adee tae chet
37. esentation menu item The system is graphically represented if you have clicked the Show system check box You can alter the shape and appearance of the system presentation xi M Show system x mm 3500 width 100 00 yimm 140 00 Height 130 00 m Show soil names C None Left Right Central Show ge cuk C None Left Right C Central T With groundwater J With groundwater for tension piles only Cancel You can define and edit the position and size of the system presentation using the values x Width and Height 5 y The fastest way to modify the position or size of the system presentation is to press the F11 function key and then to either pull the system presentation to the new position or to move the sides of the system presentation to their new size with the left mouse button pressed In addition you specify preferences for displaying the soil names end resistance and shear strength as well as groundwater in the system visualisation GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 44 of 61 February 2012 7 4 4 General legend menu item If you click the Show legend check box the legend with calculation data will be displayed You can alter the shape and appearance of the legend General legend x MV Show legend Heading Basis for calculations x mm 3978 y mm 2908 Font size mm 30 Max no of lines 20 Show file name
38. f 4 pages 2 wide Print pages 1 to a No of copies uw Cancel In the upper part of the dialog box the maximum dimensions which the printer can accept are given Below this the dimensions of the image to be printed are given If the image is larger than the output format of the printer the image will be printed to several pages in the above example 4 In order to facilitate better re connection of the images the possibil ity of entering an overlap for each page in x and y direction is given Alternatively you also have the possibility of selecting a smaller zoom factor ensuring output to one page Fit to page button Following this you can enlarge to the original format on a copying machine to ensure true scaling Furthermore you may enter the number of copies to be printed e DXF file allows output of the graphics to a DXF file DXF is a common file format for transferring graphics between a variety of applications e GGUCAD file allows output of the graphics to a file in order to enable further processing with the GGUCAD program Compared to output as a DXF file this has the advantage that no loss of colour quality occurs during export GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 31 of 61 February 2012 e Clipboard The graphics are copied to the WINDOWS clipboard From there they can be imported in to other WINDOWS programs for further processing e g into a word processor In order t
39. f the EAP However we expressly point out that the thus determined pile toe volume is only used for draft design Verification of the ultimate limit state must be performed on the basis of the driving work expended on the final two driven metres Please observe the notes on this in EAP 5 4 5 3 Beside the volume V the norm driving work component W is determined w W actua W norm The norm driving work Whom is given in Table 5 9 in the EAP for a variety of tube diameters It is thus possible to determine the required driving work Wactuai for the final 2 metres The example file provided Example B7 lower values phl contains the analyses used for the corresponding example in the EAP When the file has reached depth during manufacture and the actual driving work expended Wactuai is known the required pile toe volume V necessary to transfer the characteristic load Ey can also be determined For this purpose activate the Verify using W check box in the Edit Single pile dialog box and enter the norm driving work component W m Norm driving work component IV Verify using Ww WEE 0 750 7 Specify pile toe volume Volume mr 0 400 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 10 of 61 February 2012 The program then calculates the required pile toe volume V Franki pile In the case that the file is already complete and both W and V are known also activate the Spec ify pile toe volume check box in the Edit Single
40. fill the screen Furthermore you can use the mouse wheel to zoom in out or scrolling the screen presentation The following mouse wheel functions are available e Mouse wheel up move screen image up e Mouse wheel down move screen image down e Ctrl mouse wheel up enlarge screen image zoom in e Ctrl mouse wheel down shrink screen image zoom out e Shift mouse wheel up move screen image right e Shift mouse wheel down move screen image left If you click the right mouse button anywhere on the screen a context menu containing the princi pal menu items opens Pile type System parameters Soils Piles diameters Piles lengths Single pile Analyse Print and export By double clicking the left mouse button on legends diagrams or Mini CAD objects you will immediately move to the editor for the selected object and can then edit it 8 2 Function keys Some of the function keys are assigned program functions The allocations are noted after the corresponding menu items The individual function key allocations are Esc refreshes the screen contents and sets the screen back to the given page format A3 This is useful if for example you have used the zoom function to display parts of the screen and would like to quickly return to a complete overview F1 opens the manual file F2 refreshes the screen without altering the current magnification F3 opens the menu item Edit System paramet
41. he Info EC 7 button for example on the new load case designations ST x Standard Partial factors EC 7 Info EC 7 Partial factors DIN 1054 2005 Global factors DIN 1054 old Type Pile design to EAP Bored pile Pre cast driven pile type Reinforced and prestressed concreti Y h 7 bF 1 0000 Bored pile DIN 4014 DIN 1054 2005 Driven pile designed after Franke Driven pile to Tab C 1 C 2 in DIN 1054 2005 Driven pile to Tab C 1 C 2 in DIN 1054 2003 Shape Circular C Rectangular m Compression or tension pile Compression pile Tension pile Show R d instead of Allow in pile diagram I Use absolute heights Cancel You may edit the system parameters i e the standard used and the pile type The EAP tables were implemented for pile design In these terms the EAP represents current best practice You can therefore select any pile type described in the EAP from the following combo box if the Pile design to EAP check box is activated It is also possible to define your own bored or driven pile see Sections 7 2 9 and 7 2 10 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 34 of 61 February 2012 7 2 3 If a Pre cast driven pile is selected the type of section must also be chosen from the combo box below The ratio of section height h to flange width bF can be given for steel girder sections or double steel girder sections An image of the
42. ile selector box opens and the copied area can be saved under a different name in a user defined folder Saving can be aborted by pressing the De lete button If the Printer button was pressed in the first dialog box a dialog box for defining the printer settings opens after marking the area Following this a dialog box for defining the image output settings opens After confirming the settings the defined area is output to the selected printer GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 58 of 61 February 2012 9 Index A Absolute heights US cccccecsseeceeseeneeees 35 37 Absolute value for failure settlement efinit Of i eanne re eee 14 Actions enter to DIN 1054 00 ccceccceceseceeeeeeee 22 Allow V activate display in output table 46 Allow V activate display in resistance settlement diagram eee eee Allowable area activate visualisation vi Allowable area define fill colour Allowable pile load determination principles 15 Allowable V define determination 22 Analysis results display for single pile 48 Analysis results display using pile variations 46 Axes scales user defined for pile diagram 42 B Bearing resistance Rj x in Franki pile design 10 Bearing resistance characteristic design viue akian nanao catecssassd dea seveseereacsve 15 Bezier spline for settlement curves 4 Bored pile analysis to DIN 4014 13 Bo
43. inciple of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the screen is not refreshed after every alteration If e g after using the zoom function see below only part of the image is visible you can achieve a complete view using this menu item A zoom factor between 0 4 and 8 0 can be entered in the input box By then clicking on Use to exit the box the current factor is accepted By clicking on the 0 4 0 6 etc buttons the se lected factor is used directly and the dialog box closed It is much simpler however to get a complete overview using Esc Pressing Esc allows a com plete screen presentation using the zoom factor specified in this menu item The F2 key allows screen refreshing without altering the coordinates and zoom factor Fill colours menu item In addition to hatching the allowable area in the pile diagram see menu item Output prefer ences Pile diagram it can also be given a background colour Click the Diagram with colour check box The default colour is light grey You can use any colour by means of the Edit colour button The colour of the pile in the system representation can be edited by means of
44. ired files The number of files is displayed in the dialog box header Using Delete you can mark and delete selected individual files from the list After selecting the Delete all button you can compile a new list Selection of the desired printer and printer preferences is achieved by pressing the Printer button You then start printing by using the Print button In the dialog box which then appears you can select further preferences for printer output such as e g the number of copies These preferences will be applied to all files in the list 7 1 8 Exit menu item After a confirmation prompt you can quit the program 7 1 9 1 2 3 4 menu items The 1 2 3 4 menu items show the last four files worked on By selecting one of these menu items the listed file will be loaded If you have saved files in any other folder than the program folder you can save yourself the occasionally onerous rummaging through various sub folders GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 33 of 61 February 2012 7 2 Edit menu 7 2 1 Project identification menu item You can enter a description of the problem being worked on this will then be used in the General legend see Section 7 4 4 7 2 2 Pile type menu item This menu item opens the dialog box already known to you from the examples The standard se lected in the example dialog box shown below uses the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 Fur ther information is available by pressing t
45. ivated after each movement You can activate this program function without the info box by pressing the F11 function key 6 1 3 Edit and turn off graphic elements You can completely remove graphic elements or alter their size and position Select one of the following menu items from the Output preferences menu e Pile diagram e Soil properties legend e System presentation e General legend e Output table e Resistance settlement curve e Results e Pile cross section e Empirical data table This can be achieved even more easily by double clicking in the appropriate element GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 18 of 61 February 2012 For example you will see the following dialog box by selecting the Output preferences System presentation menu item System presentation M Right at the top you can clear the Show system check box If you leave the dialog box by means of OK the system presentation will no longer be displayed With activated check box the size and position of the system presentation can be defined in the dialog box You can also decide whether certain elements and labelling should be displayed in the graphic The dialog boxes for other graphic elements are similarly structured GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 19 of 61 February 2012 6 1 4 Edit page size and margins The program uses A3 format as the default drawing size However the size can be edited to suit
46. le e Edit e System e Output preferences e Graphics preferences e After clicking one of these menus the so called menu items roll down allowing you access to all program functions The program works on the principle of What you see is what you get This means that the screen presentation represents overall what you will see on your printer In the last consequence this would mean that the screen presentation would have to be refreshed after every alteration you make For reasons of efficiency and as this can take several seconds for complex screen contents the GGU AXPILE screen is not refreshed after every alteration If you would like to refresh the screen contents press either F2 or Esc The Esc key addi tionally sets the screen presentation back to your current zoom which has the default value 1 0 corresponding to an A3 format sheet GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 6 of 61 February 2012 5 Theoretical principles 5 1 General information Calculation of bored piles and driven piles use differing procedures Accordingly some dialog boxes vary when working with the different pile types Alternatively to input of a pile diameter the width of a rectangular pile can also be entered The term pile diameter is generally used in this manual If you need to investigate a rectangular pile the term pile diameter should be men tally replaced by the equivalent pile side width or pile width 5 2 Pile design to EAP
47. les of varying length or width is deactivated by default but can be activated using the check box Empirical data table x MV Show table I Also show for length and width variation x mm 290 00 y mm 3000 Width height mm 100 00 Font size mm 20 Background The position of the table on the output sheet can be defined and edited by means of the variables x and y Width Height controls its size The font size and the background fill colouring can be edited to suit your requirements The fastest way to modify the position of the table is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the table to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 50 of 61 February 2012 7 4 10 Page size and margins menu item The program uses A3 format as default You can edit the page format in the following dialog box Page size and margins x Edit page size and margins m Page in general Page height mm 297 00 Page width mm 420 oo m Page margin mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 8 00 Bottom 8 00 OK Cancel e Page in general defines the size of the output sheet The program automatically draws thin cutting borders around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls The borders can be switched off using the menu item Graphics prefer ences Margins and borders see Section 7 5
48. m gam phi No m MN Zr kN r kN m kN m tel 1 5850 0 50 oo 15 00 5 00 15 0 Pet Designation If you would like to edit the number of soils select the Edit no of soils button and then enter the new number of soils Using the Sort button you can have the soils sorted according to depth This sorting will be carried out automatically when leaving the dialog box without the function being explicitly called up Erroneous input is thus impossible from the outset Because you have checked the Use absolute heights box in the dialog box in menu item File New or Edit Pile type the layer depths are positive upwards i e the layer depths are entered in m AD Explanations of the soil properties can be found directly in the dialog box and in the theoretical principles in Section 5 2 1 Pile design to EAP General If the check box in the Table values group box is activated the skin friction is interpolated even for a cone pressure qe lt 7 5 MN m or a shear strength cux lt 60 MN m Otherwise the skin friction is set to 0 The data for unit weights and friction angles are only required when working with tension piles They are therefore not represented in the dialog box shown above GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 27 of 61 February 2012 6 3 4 Analyse with constant pile width Example 2 The program offers two types of variation of the pile system e Constant pile length The pile diameter width i
49. nual Page 61 of 61 February 2012
50. o import into any other WINDOWS program you must generally use the Edit Paste function of the respective application e Metafile allows output of the graphics to a file in order to be further processed with third party soft ware Output is in the standardised EMF format Enhanced Metafile format Use of the Metafile format guarantees the best possible quality when transferring graphics If you select the Copy print area tool from the toolbar you can copy parts of the graphics to the clipboard or save them to an EMF file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and ticks Section 8 3 Using the Mini CAD program module you can also import EMF files generated us ing other GGU applications into your graphics e MiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable importing to different GGU appli cations with the Mini CAD module e GGUMiniCAD allows export of the graphics to a file in order to enable processing in the GGUMiniCAD program e Cancel Printing is cancelled GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 32 of 61 February 2012 7 1 7 Batch print menu item If you would like to print several appendices at once select this menu item You will see the fol lowing dialog box x Printer Cancel Add Delete all Delete File list C Example 3 ph C Example 2 phl C Example 1 phl Create a list of files for printing using Add and selecting the des
51. oils Load Save m Explanations Table values qe cone resistance from CPT Ratio min max 0 00 cuk shear strength of the undrained soil gam gam phi for tension piles only 0 0 gt lower min table values 1 0 gt upper max table values Allow interpolation for qe lt 7 5 MN Zr Skin friction Info on ge and cu k I Allow interpolation for cu k lt 60 kN r Skin friction Depth qe cuk gam gam 7 ai No im MN re kN rr kN r kN rr t Designation If you would like to edit the number of soils select the Edit no of soils button and then enter the new number of soils Using the Sort button you can have the soils sorted according to depth This sorting will be carried out automatically when leaving the dialog box without the function being explicitly called up Erroneous input is thus impossible from the outset If several soils have been entered and you would like to delete a soil which is not at the end of the list you can assign this soil a large depth e g 99 0 Then select the Sort button The soil will now be at the end of the table You can reduce the number by J using the Edit no of soils but ton The soil has now been deleted from the list without a lot of typing The layer depths are with reference to grade and are positive downwards as are all other inputs But if you have checked the Use absolute heights box in the dialog box in menu item File Ne
52. pen aT te Ea att 34 7 2 1 Project identification menu ite eeeeceecceseceseececseeeseeeeceeeeeeeeeereeeeeeteensees 34 V2 2 Pile type ment Westin 5 4 03 a ae ae aa aaa E E A e 34 7 2 3 System parameters menu item se sssseeessseeeesresersrssrtstssteresrestesresrstsstenesseseessese 35 724 Partial factors menu itema 00 en vcsste e a hae ee A Ai 36 72 5 Soils Menu Wem i an a n aE E R EAEE eS 37 7 2 6 Piles diameters and Piles widths menu items eeeeeceeeeeeteereeeeeeeeees 38 72 Pil s lengths menu stem cic diigo Bless RNa E RRi 38 72 8 Single pile men teins ecc065 cceesc gec eden ai eee he see ca E de deeciecies E RE iois 38 7 2 9 User defined bored pile menu item ec eecececeeesceeeecneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenteeneees 39 7 2 10 User defined driven pile menu item cceeceseceeeseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeseceseeeeneeeeensees 40 7 30 sO yStem Men fees eee eal eel EE win eee eee an GEER 41 7 3 1 Analyse menu item EE E E EE 41 TA Output preferences Menu kanenn e e heed A ok Ae eee 41 74 1 Pile diagram menu it Msnnrccn iscri ioii iiai E i 41 7 4 2 Soil properties legend menu item ee eeeeeceeseceecesecseeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeteesaees 43 7 4 3 System presentation menu item ee eeceeeceseceseceseceeceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeerenteenaees 44 TAA General legend menu tem i ss0 5 eos ees Rees Reese ne tenes ee 45 74 5 Output table menu item
53. pile dialog box First open the file Example B7 lower values phl The program then calculates the utilisation factor u for the characteristic load Eg u E Ra GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 11 of 61 February 2012 Franki pile xi Pile end resistance Norm driving work component wW W actual W norm 0 710 Reg clukm 147 3 kN m Determined for boulder clay Defined volume of pile toe 1 050 r F G k 1 200 MN F Q k 0 400 MN E d 1 200 1 350 0 400 1 500 2 220 MN R s1 k 0 762 MN R b1 k 2 650 MN R 1 k 0 762 2 650 3 412 MN Ald 3 412 1 400 2 437 MN u E d Afd 0 911 Result for the example used in the file Example B7 lower values phl The calculation also works using the global safety factor approach However because the end is in sight in terms of the validity of the global safety factor approach the designations are no longer kept up to date When analysing using the global safety factor approach the partial safety factors for actions are set to 1 0 The partial factor global factor for the bearing resistance is set to 2 00 LC1 1 75 LC2 or 1 50 LC3 depending on the selected load case Applying the global safety factor approach to the example above gives Franki pile x Pile end resistance Norm driving work component W W actual W norm 0 710 Reg clukm 147 3 kN m Determined for boulder clay Defined volume of pile toe 1 050 r
54. ple Driven pile to EAP under Analysis with constant pile width in Section 6 3 4 7 2 8 Single pile menu item If analysing via the menu item Edit Piles diameters or Edit Piles lengths the final results are shown in a table after designing several piles see menu item Output preferences Output table If you are interested in seeing a detailed breakdown of the analysis results select this menu item and specify the required dimensions as shown in the following example for a single bored pile x m Pile data Pile diameter m 0 400 Length m 7 000 m Pile belling 7 With belled pile Pile toe diameter m oso Toe height diameter 1 000 Cancel After designing the single pile preferences in the dialog box above and subsequent analysis using System Analyse menu item a legend containing comprehensive results is displayed instead of the output table see menu item Output preferences Results Section 7 4 7 Naturally it is then not possible to display the pile analysis diagram and the element is not shown on the output sheet GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 38 of 61 February 2012 7 2 9 User defined bored pile menu item Using this menu item user defined tables can be created for a bored pile beside the table values in the EAP User defined values for User defined bored pile xj Designation M y bored pile r Pile end resistance g b k in MN n Cohesionless soil D qe 75
55. qe 15 0 qe 25 0 MN n min min in ax max max 0 02 0 550 0 800 1 050 1 400 1 750 2 300 0 03 0 700 1 050 1 350 1 800 2 250 2 950 010 1 600 2 300 3 000 4 000 4 000 5 300 Pile end resistance q b k in MN n Cohesive soil sD cuk 100 cuk 150 cuk 250 kN n min max in ax i 0 02 0 350 0 450 0 600 0 750 0 950 0 03 0 450 0 550 0 700 0 900 1 200 0 10 0 800 1 000 1 200 1 500 1 600 m Skin friction g s1 k in MN r Cohesionless soil qc 75 qc 15 0 qe 25 0 MN rr min max in ax in ax 0 055 0 080 0 105 0 140 0 130 0 170 Skin friction g s1 k in MN r Cohesive soil cuk 60 cu k 150 cuk 250 kN n min max in ax in ax 0 030 0 040 0 050 0 065 0 065 0 085 2 a ae 3 3 a x 1 200 1 450 2 000 oE EEE 3 3 3 3 3 Load Save Standard i Cancel The default values shown in the dialog box correspond to Tables 5 12 to 5 15 in the EAP and can be restored at any time after editing by pressing the Default button The user defined table val ues can be saved in a ggu_bohr file by pressing the Save button and be opened again later using the Load button It is also possible to load the table values for different pile types into the dialog box using the Default button This values entered are not subject to a plausibility check by the GGU AXPILE program This menu item should the
56. red pile analysis with user defined tables 39 C Calibration factors EAP c ccccesceesseeseeeneees 8 Characteristic bearing resistance R determination 0 se eeeeceeeecreeeeeeeeeeeeeees 15 Characteristic effect E determination ats Clipboard s ssssssssessessesessesstsersessesersesseses a32 CodeMeter SOK pariera AREA 5 Colour define for allowable area fill Colour define for end resistance c ccc Colour define for groundwater cee Colour define for pile fill Colour define for settlement curves Colour define for skin friction es Colour hatching define for soils 0 eee DXF file export DXF file import E FAP examples oricn a 29 EAP principles csscscsssesesencsseterersssenseorenss si Earth quake as design situation to EC 7 36 Embedment in load bearing strata input for EMF format Empirical values of EAP display in a table 50 End resistance define COlOUL c cceecceeeee 53 End resistance designation to DIN 4014 13 End resistance display as resistance settlement CULVE oo eee ces eetetsceeeesenees 47 End resistance display empirical values Of EAP anria taa EEO EE 50 End resistance display in system presentation seeno oisin ao a End resistance enter End resistance in EAP tables F Failure settlement definition for driven
57. references for the pile diagram such as the size and the position on the output sheet If you activate the Hatch allowable area check box reference lines are drawn in the allowable area only Otherwise lines are drawn across the whole of the plan width and height If you have selected the partial safety factor concept to EC 7 it is possible to display the bearing resistance design value R d instead of allow V in the pile diagram by activating the lower check box The fastest way to modify the position of the pile diagram is to press the F11 function key and then to pull the pile diagram to the new position with the left mouse button pressed GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 42 of 61 February 2012 7 4 2 Soil properties legend menu item A legend with the soil properties of the individual layers will be displayed on your output sheet if you have clicked the Show legend check box Using this menu item you can alter the shape and appearance of the legend Soil properties xj MV Show legend x mm 155 00 y mm 260 00 Font size mm 22 System coloured With depths m Soil colours soil hatching Soil colours Automatically Hatching Legend hatching factor j 00 Coresi You can define and edit the position of the legend using the values x and y You control the size of the legend using Font size The fastest way to modify the position of the legend is to press the F11 fun
58. refore be used with the necessary caution and is only recom mended for experts GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 39 of 61 February 2012 7 2 10 User defined driven pile menu item Using this menu item user defined tables can be created for a driven pile beside the table values in the EAP User defined values for User defined driven pile x Designation M y driven pile Pile end resistance g b k in MN r Cohesionless soil 0 950 1 500 sgl 0 350 0 450 0 550 0 700 0 800 0 1 Dfeq 0 600 0 750 0 850 1 100 1 150 m Skin friction g s1 k in MN r Cohesionless soil qc 75 qc 15 0 qe 25 0 MN rr min ax in max ax sgl 0 030 0 040 0 065 0 090 0 085 0 120 0 1 D eq 0 040 0 060 0 095 0 125 0 125 0 160 Skin friction g s1 k in MN r Cohesive soil cu k 60 cuk 150 cuk 250 kN r min ax in max sgl 0 020 0 030 0 035 0 050 0 045 0 1 D eq 0 020 0 035 0 040 0 060 0 055 qc 75 qc 15 0 qe 25 0 MN r min max min max min max sal 2 200 5 000 4 000 6 500 4 500 7 500 0 1 Dfeq 4 200 6 000 7 600 10 200 8 750 fi 1 500 Pile end resistance g b k in MN r Cohesive soil cuk 100 cuk 150 cuk 250 kN n min max min max min max a a5 a5 3 ale a5 afi ce 3 3 a 0 080 ae 3 i ce Standard Cancel Load i The default values shown in the dialog box correspond to Table
59. riction increases linearly from 0 to the full value for settlements of up to 2 cm It then remains constant The DIN 4014 demands that the bored pile is embedded at least 2 5 m into load bearing soil This condition is not checked by the GGU AXPILE program when using this type of pile From the pile length and the ground stratification the program only determines in which soil layer the pile is located The values of sig02 sig03 and sig10 given for this soil are utilised to determine the end resistance The skin friction forces are determined for the layers above this Driven piles to Tables C 1 and C 2 in DIN 1054 In Tables C 1 and C 2 of DIN 1054 2005 pile end resistances and pile skin friction for driven prefabricated steel or prestressed concrete piles are given for cohesion less soils Failure values for pile end resistance and pile skin friction are given as a function of the cone resistance of the CPT The table values are integrated in the program so that only the CPT cone resistance need be given for the individual soils The January 2003 DIN 1054 defines different values for the end resistance and skin friction than the January 2005 issue of DIN 1054 In order to retain the compatibility of older records it is pos sible to switch between the year versions when selecting a driven pile to Tables C 1 and C 2 of DIN 1054 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 13 of 61 February 2012 5 5 Driven piles according to FRANKE The approach
60. rmed by the current program version Partial factors The characteristic bearing resistance Ry is determined in the same manner for partial factors as it is for global factors Using the partial factor concept the failure resistance is divided by the partial factor yp for the bearing resistance according to Table 3 of DIN 1054 2005 The thus determined design value for the bearing resistance Ry must be greater than the design value for the effect E4 The design value of the effect is obtained from the characteristic effect E i multiplied by the par tial factor for actions and effects yc 9 according to Table 2 of DIN 1054 2005 R Yoo Ex lt Ye If this equation is divided by Yc o an allowable acceptable pile load can be determined in anal ogy to the global factor concept Allowable E aa oe Ye Vc The allowable pile loads can then be compared to characteristic effects GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 15 of 61 February 2012 6 Short description and worked examples 6 1 Structure and design of output sheets 6 1 1 Generate result graphics After starting the program the logo is at first displayed Select the menu item File New The program allows simple input procedures by moving directly to the input box after New is clicked this can also be reached by pointing to the Edit Pile type menu item Here you can define the fundamental specifications for the type of calculation to be performed ST x
61. rs menu item They are the same for DIN 1054 2005 and EC 7 System parameters i x r Groundwater Groundwater level m 1 00 m Surcharge factors Surcharge factor end resistance 1 000 Surcharge factor skin friction 1 000 0 001 gt Surcharge factors lt 5 000 V Reduce end resistance to 75 for belled piles Minimum pile length Minimum m 5 00 m Minimum embedment in load bearing strata _ Minimum m 250 Pile resistance Partial factor 1 40 r Actions Partial factor perm actions G 135 Partial factor variable actions Q 150 Ratio variable total loads G G Q Allowable settlement cm 1 000 o cma The following parameters can also be entered Groundwater group box The groundwater level is entered as a positive value in m from ground level down If you activate the Use absolute heights check box the groundwater level input will be positive upwards e g in m AD Information on the groundwater level is only important when working with tension piles Surcharge factors group box If you need to introduce surcharge factors for end resistance and skin friction over and abo ve those in the EAP enter the values here m Determine allowable via 7 DIN 4014 states that the end resistance must be reduced to 75 for bored piles with belled toes The appropriate check box must be activated
62. s 5 1 to 5 4 in the EAP and can be restored at any time after editing by pressing the Default button The user defined table values can be saved in a ggu_ramm file by pressing the Save button and be opened again later using the Load button It is also possible to load the table values for different pile types into the dialog box using the Default button This values entered are not subject to a plausibility check by the GGU AXPILE program This menu item should therefore be used with the necessary caution and is only recom mended for experts GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 40 of 61 February 2012 7 3 System menu 7 3 1 Analyse menu item If you edit any of the system parameters using the menu items of the Edit menu the diagrams displayed do not represent the current analysis results Only after using this menu item is the modified system reanalysed and subsequently displayed with the new results Alternatively press the F5 function key or click on the Calculator in the tool bar The analysis results are then presented to you in the various graphic elements on the screen 7 4 Output preferences menu 7 4 1 Pile diagram menu item After selecting this menu item a dialog box opens which allows preferences to be defined for rep resentation of the pile analysis diagram The allowable pile load is represented in the pile diagram as a function of the pile diameter or the pile length determined by the type of variation selec
63. s varied e Constant pile diameter width Pile length is varied In this example the pile length shall be varied for a constant pile width Select the menu item E dit Piles lengths Generate piles via lengths x Pile width m 0 400 m Lengths Start length m 7 000 Final length m 11 000 Delta length m 1 000 Cancel You must first define the constant Pile width Below this the range of variation for the pile length is defined Because this example deals with a driven pile the belled pile group box which is otherwise displayed is missing from the dialog box After editing one of the previous dialog boxes the system is first represented without the analysis results If you want to have the foundation reanalysed with the new values go to the System menu and select Analyse Alternatively press the F5 function key or click on the Calculator in the tool bar The analysis results are then presented to you in the various graphic elements on the screen If a driven pile is selected designed to Tables C 1 C 2 of DIN 1054 you will see a message before analysis commence notifying you that Tables C 1 and C 2 of the new DIN 1054 only apply for cohesion less soils The current screen contents can be sent to the printer at any stage of project processing Select the Print and export menu item from the File menu see Section 7 1 6 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 28 of 61 February 2012
64. safety factor corresponding to the Load case selected upon leaving the Edit Pile type dialog box is used in the system parameters In the dialog box you can then specify whether allowable V is to be determined via the Required safety or by means of the Allowable settlement 7 2 4 Partial factors menu item A different load case may be selected for analysis directly using this menu item Partial factors x Partial factors to EC 7 P Pile resistance G Permanent Actions Q Variable Actions DS P peu E gamma G 1 35 gamma Q 1 50 r DS T gamma P 1 40 gamma G 1 20 gamma Q 1 30 DS A gamma P 1 40 gamma G 1 10 gamma Q 1 10 DS A DS E gamma P 1 00 gamma G 1 00 gamma Q 1 00 Cancel The load case designations to EC 7 have been altered e Load Case 1 is now DS P Persistent Design Situation e Load Case 2 is now DS T Transient Design Situation e Load Case 3 is now DS A Accidental Design Situation In addition there is a seismic design situation DS E In the DS E design situation all partial factors 1 0 In tension piles the partial factor is now 1 50 compared to the previous 1 40 GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 36 of 61 February 2012 7 2 5 Soils menu item You enter the properties of the soil layers present in the current system using the following dialog box soits Forw Back Cancel Sort Edit no of s
65. ted pile length or pile diameter If you do not want the evaluation displayed clear the Show pile diagram check box Pile diagram x MV Show pile diagram Smoothing out method Linear Method 1 C Method 2 m Axes definition User defined axes Presentation of settlement curves First value 0 20 Increment 0 Final value 10 00 V Hatch allowable area 20 M Show R d instead of Allow Y x mm 290 00 y mm 30 00 Background Width Moo Cancel Height 175 00 In the first group box you can select a smoothing out method with which the allowable pile load curves and the settlement curves are drawn in the pile diagram e Linear no smoothing e Method 1 strict Bezier spline e Method 2 loose Bezier spline GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 41 of 61 February 2012 Using the User defined axes button you can define the axes scales Otherwise axes scaling will be carried out automatically After clicking the button a dialog box opens in which you must first activate the Use the following axes values check box You can edit the automatic scaling values to suit your requirements In the third group box you can influence the representation of the settlement curves Using the applicable resistance settlement curve the program calculates the settlement heave correspond ing to a given pile length or pile width In the fourth group box you specify general p
66. tered in accordance with the selected load case Because the Use absolute heights check box is activated a further input box Grade is active Enter the ground height at 62 50 m AD you do not need to convert the groundwater level If you only alter the ground height the groundwater level is automatically determined from the previous depth data when the box is closed 62 50 m AD 1 m 61 50 m AD and displayed next time the dialog box is opened After closing the box you will see the following prompt CT x Adjust soil layers to new ground height Yes No Click No in order to have the previous depth data for the soil layers in m AD converted to fit your newly entered grade If you close the box by clicking Yes the soil layers are adapted i e extended to the new grade GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 26 of 61 February 2012 6 3 3 Define soils Example 2 Use the values of the existing soils layers in the menu item Edit Soils Sois et Forw Back Cancel Sort Edit no of soils Load Save m Explanations Table values qe cone resistance from CPT Ratio min max 0 00 ai gisa z rength of the undiained soil 0 0 gt lower min table values 1 0 gt upper max table values gam gam phi for tension piles only Allow interpolation for qe lt 7 5 MN n Skin friction Allow interpolation for cu k lt 60 kN n Skin friction Info on ge and cu k Depth qc cuk ga
67. the Edit pile colour button Zoom info menu item By clicking two diametrically opposed points you can enlarge a section of the screen in order to view details better An information box provides information on activating the zoom function and on available options Legend font selection menu item With this menu item you can switch to a different true type font All available true type fonts are displayed in the dialog box GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 52 of 61 February 2012 7 5 5 7 5 6 7 5 7 Margins and borders menu item The program automatically draws thin cutting edges around the page which are required when using a plotter on paper rolls Page margins see menu item Page size margins Page size and margins defines the position of a frame as a distance to the cutting border This frame encloses the subsequent diagram You can switch off the lines by deactivating the With margins and With borders check boxes Pen colour width menu item In order to enhance the clarity of the graphics you can edit the pen settings for various graphic elements Colour 3 e 7 2 Standard 0 20 Type of dashing Dash length mm Allow 4 Continuous 40 Rb and As 40 Dashed 40 4 0 Dash dotted oF oO 8 8 0 2 oOo Settlement itk Oo ho Hatching Cancel You can edit the pen widths for the elements shown in the dialog box by clicking on the
68. the design of the other piles dealt with in the recommendations The two example file provided Example B7 lower values phl and Exam ple B7 upper values phl contain the calculation for the corresponding examples in the EAP If you have selected the Franki pile in the Edit Pile type menu item the Franki pile dialog box opens by clicking the Edit Single pile menu item Franki pile Ej A Speciy pile toe volume The characteristic action of the pile is defined first 1 000 oso The design load Ey is given by the characteristic action Ea Fox Ye Fox Yo Yc partial safety factor for permanent actions Yo partial safety factor for changeable actions GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 9 of 61 February 2012 This in turn gives the required characteristic bearing resistance R x Rix Ea yr The characteristic bearing resistance R x comprises the pile shaft resistance Rs x and the pile base resistance Rix The characteristic pile shaft resistance is calculated classically using the values from Tables 5 10 and 5 11 of the EAP whereby the lower 0 8 m of the pile may not be adopted The required pile base resistance Rip x can now be calculated from this Rinx Rix Risk Using the mean values for the CPT cone resistance qe or for the shear strength cux of the undrained soil and the required pile base resistance R px the required pile toe volume V can be determined from the nomograms in Figs 5 5 to 5 10 o
69. the program version number The System button shows information on your computer configuration and the folders used by GGU AXPILE 7 6 2 Help menu item The GGU AXPILE manual is opened as a PDF document The help function can also be accessed using the F1 function key 7 6 3 GGU on the web menu item Using this menu item you can access the GGU Software website www ggu software com Keep in touch with new program versions and the regular download offers If you would like to be automatically notified about program innovations please register for the Newsletter in our Knowledge Base Go to the following website http kbase civilserve com 7 6 4 GGU support menu item This menu item takes to the GGU Software Support area at www ggu software com 7 6 5 What s new menu item You will see information on program improvements in comparison to older versions 7 6 6 Language preferences menu item This menu item allows you to switch the menus and graphics from German to English or Spanish and vice versa The program always starts with the language setting applicable when it was last ended GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 56 of 61 February 2012 8 Tips and tricks 8 1 Keyboard and mouse You can scroll the screen with the keyboard using the cursor keys and the Page up and Page down keys By clicking and pulling with the mouse with Ctrl pressed you activate the zoom function i e the selected section will
70. therefore be learned almost entirely without the use of a manual Graphic output supports the true type fonts supplied with WINDOWS so that excellent layout is guaranteed Colour output and any graphics e g files in formats BMP JPG PSP TIF etc are supported DXF files can also be imported by means of the integrated Mini CAD module see the Mini CAD manual The program has been thoroughly tested No faults have been found Nevertheless liability for completeness and correctness of the program and the manual and for any damage resulting from incompleteness or incorrectness cannot be accepted 2 Licence protection and installation In order to guarantee a high degree of quality a hardware based copy protection system is used for the GGU AXPILE program The GGU software protected by the CodeMeter copy protection system is only available in conjunction with the CodeMeter stick copy protection component hardware for connection to the PC CM stick Because of the way the system is configured the protected software can only be operated with the corresponding CM stick This creates a fixed link between the software licence and the CM stick copy protection hardware the licence as such is thus represented by the CM stick The correct Runtime Kit for the CodeMeter stick must be installed on your PC Upon start up and during running the GGU AXPILE program checks that a CM stick is connected If it has been removed the program can no longer
71. tlement cm 1 000 Ifa Tension pile has been selected information on the groundwater level is required for analy sis An additional Pull out cone group box is shown in the dialog box where you may enter the Partial factor pull out and the Calibration factor eta The radius of the pull out cone may be limited The allowable heave is specified for determination of Allow V or R E k of tension piles If you have selected the pile type Driven pile designed after Franke you can also enter the following variables e Failure settlement s D A failure settlement must be provided for calculation of the synthetic resistance settlement curve after Franke The program divides the load associated with this settlement by the given safety factor and thus determines the allowable pile load If the Relative option button is selected the failure settlement is determined by multiplying the value entered by the pile toe diameter If the Absolute option button is selected the settlement value given is used as the failure settlement independent of the pile toe diameter e Values after Franke GEH Part 3 Here you enter the coefficients defined after Franke for calculation of the resistance settlement curve If desired you can use the values directly by means of the Info button GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 35 of 61 February 2012 If you would like to perform calculations using the global factors DIN 1054 old the required
72. u item After starting the program a horizontal toolbar for menu items appears below the program menu bar If you would rather work with a popup window with several columns you can specify your preferences using this menu item The smart icons can also be switched off At the bottom of the program window you find a status bar with further information You can also activate or switch off the status bar here The preferences will be saved in the GGU AXPILE alg file see menu item Graphics preferences Save graphics preferences and will be active at the next time the program is started By clicking on the tools smart icons for the menu items you can directly reach most of the pro gram functions The meaning of the smart icons appears as a text box if you hover with the mouse pointer over the tools Some of the tool functions cannot be activated from the normal menu items Zoom out If you have previously zoomed in this tool returns to a full screen display Zoom Zoom With the zoom functions you can zoom in or out of parts of the image by clicking the left mouse button Copy print area Use this tool to copy only parts of the graphics in order to paste them e g to a report You will see information on this function and can then mark an area which is copied to the clipboard or can be saved in a file Alternatively you can send the marked area directly to your printer see Tips and tricks Section 8 3 Colour h
73. ur hatching 43 aa one Soil names in system presentation 0 44 Bae ae nes SA ow Soil select coloured hatched display 43 54 rint several files sssssesseee ieee Standard display in legend 45 Printer preferences eeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeeees P displ al 4 Standard select ccceseesseescescesecseeeseeeeceeeenee 34 dine us aaa Pane Status bar main program activate 54 Program load save preferences eeeeee GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 60 of 61 February 2012 Surcharge factors enter additionally 21 System parameters descriptions 21 35 System properties display in legend 45 System activate visualisation a System analyses sienio p a System select coloured hatched display 43 54 Vv Variation pile diameter eee eeeeeeereeeeeees Variation pile length Verification of ultimate limit state Version number display in a message box 56 System show information ceceeeeseeeeeeeee 56 Version number display in legend 45 T W Toolbar edit for menu items cece 54 What you see is what you get eeeeeteeneee 52 Translation activate ccccccecsecssecessceeeeeenees 56 True ty pe font Asecnaccinnosnniiwanaion 52 Z U Zoom factor define for full screen display 52 Zoom function activate 52 54 57 Unit weight enter for tension pile 23 GGU AXPILE User Ma
74. w or Edit Pile type the layer depths are positive upwards i e the layer depths must be entered in m AD Explanations of the soil properties can be found directly in the dialog box and in the theoretical principles in Section 5 2 1 Pile design to EAP General If the check box in the Table values group box is activated the skin friction is interpolated even for a cone pressure qe lt 7 5 MN m or a shear strength cux lt 60 MN m Otherwise the skin friction is set to 0 Previously the values for sig02 sig03 sig10 and tau qp x02 qv ko3 qo k10 gt qs x had to be defined for each soil type for bored pile analysis see Section 5 3 These values are determined automatically to EAP via q and cux from the appropriate tables The data for units weights and friction angle are only required when working with tension piles They are therefore not represented in the dialog box shown above GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 37 of 61 February 2012 7 2 6 Piles diameters and Piles widths menu items Here you specify values for the variation of the pile diameter or the pile width for a constant pile length A further description can be found in the worked example Bored pile to EAP under Analysis with constant pile length in Section 6 2 4 7 2 7 Piles lengths menu item Here you specify values for the variation of the pile length for a constant pile diameter or pile width A further description can be found in the worked exam
75. your needs Go to Output preferences Page size and margins menu item and enter your per sonal page format Page size and margins x Edit page size and margins Page in general Page height mm 297 00 Page width mm 420 00 m Page margins mm Left 25 00 Right 8 00 Top 8 00 Bottom 8 00 Cancel Page margins defines the position of a frame as a distance to the cutting borders This frame en closes the subsequent diagram 6 2 Example 1 Bored pile to EAP 6 2 1 Select system preferences Example 1 To define the preferences for a new calculation go to the menu item File New or Edit Pile type You will see the same dialog box see Section 7 2 2 and can then select e Partial factors DIN 1054 2005 or Partial factors EC 7 e Pile design to EAP select Bored pile e Circular e Compression pile Clear the Use absolute heights check box After confirming with OK you can select the load case Click the Load case 1 button or if using EC 7 DS P The partial factors are used in the system parameters If you wish you can enter a description of the problem being worked on using the Edit Project identification menu item this will then be used in the General legend GGU AXPILE User Manual Page 20 of 61 February 2012 6 2 2 Enter system parameters Example 1 The appropriate partial factors have already been entered into the Edit System paramete

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