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POWERCL EXT rev O Manual

1. Block 1 0x801 Block 2 0x802 Block 3 0x803 2 031 13EF 3 055 23EF 4 079 EM 2 1 EM 2 2 1 793 1301 2 817 2301 3 841 3 823 32EF 3 585 3201 3 583 31FF 3 264 30C0 3 263 30BF 3 136 3040 3 136 300F c Angel M Martin Page 44 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N To prevent accidental data loss the operation requires the confirmation string OK in ALPHA to proceed if the destination block is zero i e the main RAM used by the OS These functions are fully programmable but you should be careful about altering the main memory or status registers during a program as you may be overwriting the program itself or other OS parameters like the program pointer or line number This will likely result in a MEMORY LOST event A look under the Hood General Purpose Functions The function set provides choices for the particular section to back up or restore Main amp Extended memory Status registers so you don t have to worry about physical memory boundaries or type of transfer Besides those two general purpose functions YMCOPY and YMEXCH not to be confused with YMOVE and YSWAP which operate on the MMU settings instead are also available that allow a flexible selection of memory sectors to be transferred defining a sector as a 256 register set within the block The input parameters are expected to be in a control NNN stored in the X register as follows Source and Destination Data fields
2. One of the most notable features of the CL is its extensive ROM image library allowing you to plug almost any conceivable module ever made of which I have contributed a few into your 41CL just by using one of the PLUGxx functions The input syntax requires that the correct ROM ID string be written in Alpha and certainly there are a few of those to remember and rather similar to each other since the string is only 4 characters long These two functions come to the rescue providing listings of all available module mnemonics either alphabetically or by their type so you can review them and eventually plug the ROM directly from the catalogue for convenience sake ROMLIB prompts for a ROM type whereas CLLIB prompts for an alphabetical section A to Z Pressing SHIFT at this point toggles between both modes alphabetical or by type Both catalogues can run in auto mode of can be stopped using R S and then the listing can proceed in manual mode using SST and BST as you can expect It is in manual mode where you can use the other shortcuts or hot keys as follows ENTER skips to the next section or previous if running backwards A to copy the id shown to Alpha P to exit the catalog and invoke the PLUG function launcher SHIFT changes the direction of the listing backwards lt gt forwards lt Back Arrow will cancel out the catalog The enumeration terminates in auto mode when the last RO
3. 1 YBK XM Blockto Extended Mem Source Block inX SYSWPMEMM Status Regs Exchange SwpblockFinX S Alternate blocks swap Source in X Dest in Prompt Demswe btwentehme Sop Bok nx Use it when YFNS is lost c Angel M Martin Page 43 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The CL Expanded Memory Sets The CL board has four blocks in sRAM that can be allocated for the 41 system RAM Of these only the first one 0x800 is utilized by the OS holding the registers 0 3FF that is the complete calculator memory set including both Main and all Extended Memory It is therefore possible to use the other three blocks to hold backup copies of the first default one or alternate sets of memory and programs This requires a few utility functions to store recall and exchange swap the block contents which is the main subject of this section The operation can be done at the complete block level or selectively for Main and Extended memory only Note that the Main memory transfers always include the status registers as well All functions require the alternate block to be used in the corresponding action The only valid inputs are 0 1 2 or 3 denoting the blocks at addresses 0x800 0x801 0x802 and 0x803 respectively The picture below should graphically depict the CL Expanded Memory structure and data transfer possibilities Main Block 9 0x800
4. Appends the displayed unit as dividing unit i e appends plus symbol In this way it s rather simple to build complete unit string just by pressing the corresponding hot keys during the catalog listing no need to remember the exact spelling of the unit symbols Obviously it s still the user s task to recognize the symbol and identify it with the corresponding unit name Of course you can edit the Alpha register directly as always just typing the syntax in Alpha mode if that s your preferred choice Note that there are no checks for the string built so it s possible to press multiple times or repeat SHIFT ENTER which obviously would not be a valid string Note also that after every usage of a hot key you need to re start the catalog listing again if you want to continue to build the complete unit string A small price to pay for the convenience to occasional users aren t we all to avoid syntax errors Meaningful Error Conditions The Thermal Pac only used standard OS error messages like ALPHA DATA and DATA ERROR to inform the user of an error condition It did NOT report unit spelling errors either ignoring them even if user flag 25 was cleared The Petroleum Pac improved on that with its dedicated error message Invalid Conversion This however wasn t very informative as it didn t indicate where exactly was the problem either a syntax error like typing the sigma or percent sign an invalid unit string no
5. PowerCL Module Revision 4N e CLA Is a test function that returns YES NO depending on whether ALPHA is empty or not or in other words the test is true if ALENG is not zero As usual in program mode a line is skipped if the test is FALSE e DTOA captures the display content and writes it into ALPHA This is an elusive concept as there are no standard ways to just write text in the display not using ALPHA or other RAM registers but it s used frequently in MCODE to transfer the display contents to ALPHA e DTST Simultaneously lights up all LCD segments and indicators of the calculator display pre ceded by all the comma characters which BTW will be totally unnoticed if your CL is running at 50x Turbo Use it to check and diagnose whether your display is fully functional No input parameters are required tae and ned aVIEW Lower Case AVIEW Angel Martin Angel Martin Upper case convert e aVIEW shows the ALPHA contents displayed all with lower case characters Note that there s no conversion to the text in ALPHA only the displayed characters Note also that full nut machines like those CL donors all are cannot display most of them so it s a little academic at this point On a half nut machine or V41 it makes more sense for instance Irem fem om trt et e LOWS does the actual character conversion to lower case type thus changing the contents of ALPHA For the example below the string is as s
6. Notice that despite being a similar concept the page signature is mot the same as the ROM ID mnemonic used by the CL s PLUGxx functions and listed by ROMLIB or CLLIB If this is known then you can use function UPLGID instead which will prompt for the mnemonic in RUN mode or take it from ALPHA during a program execution UPL od ob USER RAD Note how UPLGID will switch ALPHA on automatically when used in RUN mode a feature common with most other functions in the PWRCL that take alphabetical inputs c ngel M Martin Page 39 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N At this point an example should clarify The screenshot below shows the output of MMUCAT for a system with the USB 41 module and a couple of MMU plugged modules Note that the Page 4 Library is included in the USB 41 itself and thus the MMU address for it is zero as it corresponds to any real module i e not virtual Note also that in pages 8 and 9 the sRAM addresses are listed as opposed to CL ID s since I m not using the Flash versions of the CLLIB or YFNS modules Lastly note as well the all empty nature of page F in the left side picture USB 82143A Port Settings Clear Save Print CL XCAT MMUCAT 3 E40 EF2D 3 E40 EF2D 4 QOO LIB4 4 QOO LIB4 5 QOO TMB 5 OOO TMB 6 OOO PRILE 6 OO00 PRI IE 000 CCDD O000 CCDD 8 B C YFNS 8 B C YFNS 9 B840 CLBL 9 840 CLE1 A QOO TBX4 A QOO TBX4 B
7. c ngel M Martin Page 37 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Contrary to the port based convention of the original YFNS YFNP functions we re now referring to a page based one whereby the arguments of the function are the ROM id in Alpha same as usual and the page in X removing the hard coded dependency of the location used by the PLUGLxx and PLUGUXxx functions The picture below taken from the HEPAX manual provides the relationship between ports and pages also showing the physical addresses in the bus and those reserved for special uses like OS Timer Printer HP IL etc Note that some pages also called 4k blocks or simply blocks are bank switched As always a picture is worth 1 024 words Block Addresses FOO0 FFFF EOQ00 EFFF DOOO0 DFFF COO0 CFFF BOOO BFFF AO000 AFFF System ROM 2 9000 9FFF 8000 8FFF 7000 7FFF 6F 0 6FFF 5000 5FFF 4000 4FFF 3000 3FFF 2000 2FFF 1000 1FFF System ROM 1 OQ RB M WwW amp ih cru O w pE gd OO 8 Dp A DOOO OFFF System ROM 0 Primary bank Secondary bank Note that PLUGG and PLUGG are mutually complementary functions as they both operate on page id and will take or return the corresponding ROM id from to Alpha You could use PLUGG to interrogate the MMU about page 4 and you can use PLUGG to plug take over ROMS to page 4 by directly invoking the dedicated function PLGG 4 which will be covered in section
8. e Lastly MMU is the same as MMU In the YFNS module plus also writing either 1 0 in X depending on the result The stack contents are lifted c ngel M Martin Page 46 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N guid IMAGE IHIHBHSE 2 4 2 The new kid on the block STRS XEQ2 IMDB e IMDBCPY AMDBF MDBF One of the additions to the initial CL s bag of tricks was a set of functions to manage the ROM Image database It s not in the scope of this manual to describe them you d have to read the CL manual for that but this launcher is available to group all of them under a single function in the POWERCL Be very careful not to use the options by mistake correcting errors in the IMDB is time consuming IMD Copy IMDB to RAM Makes a copy in 0x805 i Update IMDB from RAM Flashes the entire sector Activates IMDB in Flash Uses copy in Flash IMDB Entry Data Data in Alpha CheksifIMDBinFlash Yes NO The IMDB is the only reference used by all PLUGxx and UPLUGxx function be that the native port related ones in the YFNS or their page related counterparts in the POWERCL It s therefore not to be confused with the internal database within the POWERCL used by functions ADRID CLLIB and ROMLIB which purely perform an informational role for enhanced usability IMDB has similarities with ADRID in that both retrieve details on the ROM specified in the argu
9. 51 ADRID 36 PT 3 52 ADRID A3 LDgPT 5 53 ADRID 36 TEM DRID POPADR DRID 36B 23A C C 1M D PUSHADR D RTN And that s all folks easy when you know the tricks c ngel M Martin Page 108 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix 4 Serial Transfer CLWRITE and CLREAD source code Written by Raymond Wiker 1 Copy YFNS 1A to RAM at 80C000 and patch for items 2 5 8 These affect the operation of YIMP I did this with a variation of the PATCHIT program posted earlier 2 Execute TURBOS5SO 3 Execute SERINI 4 Execute BAUD12 From the documentation this should not be necessary but I had to explicitly set 1200 baud to get the transfer to work 5 The file yfns le rom has the opposite byte order of what YIMP expects so the transfer program needs to perform byte swapping Alternatively you might do the byte swapping before you do the transfer 6 Transfer the ROM I chose to transfer it to 80D000 i e put 80D000 O0FFF in the alpha register start YIMP For the transfer I used the CLWriter program that I posted a few days back with the command CLWriter exe yfns le fixed rom coml 1200 5 the file yfns le fixed rom is the byte swapped version of yfns le rom I probably should have chosen a slightly different name but that does not really matter The 5 means that I put a 5 millisecond delay after each byte It may not actually be necessary I added it because I got
10. Page 10 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Function Description Reads page from HPIL disk Checks ROM Shows all XROMs plugged Sums Page rites page to HPIL disk Pages Comparison Changes XEQ into XROM SREG location finder Alpha view as 41 Instruction Extended CF Compiles User Program Curtain location finder Continuous SST Continuous View Number of Data Registers Flag clear and set test Free registers Finder Flag Set and Set test Drive File Size Gets current PC in x Go to END Go to Last Program Exchanges PC and RTN Programmable COPY Puts PC Read Data File Reads all XMEM contents Recalls CPU cycles data Swaps Stack and Xreg oggle Flag oggle Private Status rite Data File Deletes one return address Outputs Complex number Mantissa digits sum One s complement wo s complement Byte Rotate X Left page in X Fname in Alpha Page in X Fname in Alpha FROM in X TO in prompt Program Name in Alpha Digit in Alpha lag in X 0 55 Prgm Name in Alpha none PC in current program PC location in X Prompts for PRGM Name PC in for in X as NNN FNAME DRVFName Drive File Name in ALPHA Prgm Name in Alpha XMeFile DRFile in Alpha FileName in Alpha regit in X and Y none Im in Y Re in X a Number in X number in X number in X number in X bytes in Y Output Page read from disk erifies checksum tring in Alpha ums page and writes value Page copied
11. e TOGF is a toggle function inverting the status of the flag which number is in X It s equivalent to IF the Invert Flag routine in the PPC ROM See the PPC ROM manual pages 217 and 218 for fun examples altering the status of the system reserved flags e FS S and FS C are the symmetric counterparts to the native FC S and FC C functions They extend the logic and provide shorter handling sometimes not possible without them They also operate on the complete flag range as you d expect Probably not a bad moment for a quick flag recap see the table below 0 4 shown when set 30 catalog set 5 8 general purpose 31 date mode 0 M DY 1 D MY 9 10 matrix end of line column 32 IL man I O mode 11 auto execution 33 can control IL 12 print double width 34 prevent IL auto address 13 print lower case 35 disable auto start 14 card reader allow overwrite 36 39 number of digits 0 15 15 16 HPIL printer mode 40 41 display format 0 sci 1 eng 0 manual 1 normal 2 fix 3 fix eng mode 2 trace 3 trace w stack print 42 43 angle mode 0 deg 1 rad 17 record incomplete 2 grad 3 rad 18 IL interrupt enable 44 continuous on 19 20 General Purpose 45 system data entry 21 printer enabled 46 partial key sequence 22 numeric input available 47 shift key pressed 23 alpha input available 48 alpha keyboard active 24 ignore range errors 49 low battery 25 ignore any errors amp clear 50 set when message is displayed 26 audio output is ignored 51 single st
12. tmp j for int i 0 i lt count i Console Write 0 x2 buffer i if i 16 15 Console WriteLine j serialport Write buffer i 1 if delay gt 0 Thread Sleep delay j j Console WriteLine catch EndOfStreamException 1 nada serialport Close j j c ngel M Martin Page 111 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N using System using System IO using System IO Ports using System Threading public class CLReader public static void Main string args int baudrate 1200 if args Length lt 2 Console Error WriteLine Usage Console Error WriteLine 0 file port baudrate CLReader Console Error WriteLine Console Error WriteLine Where baud defaults to 0 baudrate Console Error WriteLine Available Ports Console Error WriteLine foreach string s in SerialPort GetPortNames 1 Console Error WriteLine 10 s return string filename args 0 string portname args 1 if args Length gt 2 baudrate int Parse args 2 if baudrate 1200 amp amp baudrate 2400 amp amp baudrate 4800 amp amp baudrate 9600 1 Console Error WriteLine Invalid baudrate 0 should be one of baudrate Console Error WriteLine 1200 2400 4800 9600 return j if File Exists filename Console Error WriteLine File 0 already exists will not overwrite filename return j S
13. HMkcase 62 E config pann 63 ENTER Just one page B4 15 starting at pages B5 LBL 00 66 HEPIHI configure HEPAX FileSys Br E get pages below B8 69 HEPX TU PLUGGX plug HEPAX there T1 HEPDIR show we ve done it T2 END done November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix 3 MCODE Listing showing the Alphabetical sections prompting code The function CLLIB begins by building the prompt text in the display Using the OS routine PROMF2 is helpful to save bytes so there s no need to write the function name again Alpha is cleared using CLA just to prepare for a possible copy of the ROM id to Alpha using the A hot key in run mode Then we get into a partial data entry condition waiting for a key to be pressed Back Arrow sends the execution to EXIT3 to do the housekeeping required to reset everything back to the standard OS required status disable Display resetting Keyboard bits CPU flags etc Since the valid keys are quite a lot A Z we need to use multiple conditions in the logic The first two rows are the easiest as they set up CPU flag 4 and that can be tested easily In this case we copy the mantissa sign in A to C S amp X then store it in B S amp X and we move on CLLIB BCKARW ABBE 344 PORT DEP 2 CLLIB ABGF 08C GO 3 CLUB A670 36E A36E EXTA 4 CLUB Header 082 B 5 CUIB Header 6 CLUB Header 7 CLLIB Header CL Library 8 CLUB Header 67 E Prompting
14. Interesting to see the density of your favorite MCODE modules use the OS as a ranking benchmark and to get an idea on how much room is still available in the page Application Example How big is your lollypop The short program below XRAY will calculate the complete number pf banks configured on line in the calculator at a given time I have corrected the TIME Module glitch just by starting to scan the I O but at page 3 thus the extra banks reported for it would account for the OS pages 0 2 c ngel M Martin Page 77 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The program first enumerates the banks found for each page set it in TURBOX if you want to see them and then shows the total actual size given in kilobytes with 4k per page Note that the listing shows BANKS and ARCLI for clarity but they are in fact XQ2 and XQ1 functions with their corresponding indexes in a second program line 1 LBL XRAY 12 RDN 2 jo 13 SGX 3 3015 14 GTO 00 4 LBLOO 15 XoY 5 PGs 16 4 6 ARCU 17 7 z 18 CLA B BANKS 19 ARCLI 9 ARCLI 20 J K 10 AVIEW 21 AVIEW 11 ST Z 22 END Examples An MMU disabled CL would return 24k for the CX OS plus another 4 for the YFNS YFNP that is a minimum baseline of 28k Obviously the PowerCL must be plugged in as well to run the program which adds another 16k to the sum you re likely to see A full house configuration like the one shown in the figure b
15. The three share the same data input approach a hex page id 0 F in RUN mode and a decimal number in X in program execution e BLANK Is a test function that checks the contents of a full page looking for non zero words displaying YES NO in RUN mode accordingly If at least one word is not a zero the result is false and a program line is skipped when used in a program Note that the word FFF is also considered to be a blank this is used by the CL and some other MLDL boxes for empty Flash blocks e BANKS returns the number of banks for a given page which number in decimal is input in X The allowed range of results is of course 0 4 non bank switched ROMS return a 1 and empty pages will return zero This function reads the third nibble of the last three words in the ROM signature which is where the bank switched configuration is supposed to be recorded according to some undocumented criteria The few authors who released this type of modules followed this rule loosely thus the result may be a little off For example the convention used by Zengrange for the ZEPROMs is not exactly the same Not even HP followed this to the letter or if they did I cannot figure out the Advantage s scheme Another discrepancy occurs on the CL itself where the time signature of the TIME module has been altered misleading BANKS to report 4 banks instead of just two e PGROOM counts the number of words with zero value in the page which number is in X
16. X M ALPHA indistinctly And if the numeric launcher were to be used instead the entry sequence would be XFAT 01 11 or also XXEQ F 01 11 Any of these three options creates the same two program lines in PRGM mode XFAT is clever enough to know that the only valid inputs for the first prompt are 0 1 or 2 Should you enter any other number the calculator will politely ignore the input and continue to display the prompt much more user friendly than allowing the entry and then coming back with a DATA ERROR message And speaking of this the function called for entry value of zero is XROM a jewel of a routine originally written by Clifford Stern which in turn prompts for the XROM id and the function number for a function from any ROM All in programmable splendor and ready to execute The remaining functions XROM and XQXM are both covered in a later section of the manual They are included in the XXEQ launcher for additional convenience Nothing short of amazing if you ask me a great implementation made even better with the addition of the FAT Catalogs described below Sub function CATalogs One of the missing features in the original HEPAX implementation of the Multi function groups XFA XFA and HEPAX HEPAXA was the lack of a sub function catalog Having such enumeration option would certainly be convenient and very useful if it also had the capability to directly launch the function which name is being
17. I PROM ALPHA c ngel M Martin Page 58 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 3 1 The system as a whole This set of functions provides useful information on the contents of the I O bus of the calculator used by the system extensions like plug in modules HP IL etc Typically the complete bus is scanned showing those hits that meet definition asked such as free or used pages banked ports or system configuration checks Even if there isn t a dedicated letter for it the IOBUS launcher can be accessed by pressing SHIFT at any of the launchers prompts including the main CL IOBUS it s a two page launcher with the second part dedicated to Page functions Use the SHIFT key to toggle between both As always press to return to the main launcher the real anchor in the UI The table below lists the functions available at the first page three of them brand new in revision J of the PowerCL Lists Bank switched pages Lists Unused pages Listpagesused New Shows OS ROM revisions NelsonF Cowle OO A Lists all ROM id plugged CHKSYS Checks for ROM id conflicts EE c Angel M Martin Page 59 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N BANKED presents a colon separated string of numbers in hex corresponding to those pages with a bank switched configuration as defined in the ROM signature characters The official conventio
18. OO0 RPG4 B OO0 RPG4 C 000 5M9G C 000 5M9G D OO0 HL9G D OO0 HL9G E OO0O0 CLBI E OO0O0 CLBI F OOQOQ mam X Plugging the HEPAX module from Flash to page F changes the last line as seen on the right side picture showing both the CL_ID and the page signature side by side c Angel M Martin Page 40 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 3 4 Security functions The following group of functions are a small detour in that they aren t directly related to the CL but they come to full fruition when used on this platform SECURE Activate Security Author Nick Harmer Source Data File Deactivate Security Author Angel Martin Change Password Author Nick Harmer Source Data Fie Here we have a nice practical application of advanced system control Use these functions to manage a password protection scheme for your CL so nobody without authorized access can use it They were published in Data File back in 1987 by Nick Harmer and implemented in Q RAM devices a k a MLDL Obvious caveat there was that removing the MLDL from the machine dismantled the whole scheme but the CL has made it possible as integral part of the core system now The protection works as follows 1 Function SECURE activates the security by setting the protection flag The execution also switches off the machine This sets up a process executed on each CALC ON event causing to prompt the user for the password during th
19. PowerCL Module Revision 4N Function index at a glance Without further ado here are all POWERCL functions in the three FATs Function Description Inputs Output RCL EXT plash Screen hone Shows message Main CL Global Launcher Prompts B C H I M P T U Launches selected Launcher ROM id from address Flash addr in Alpha ROM ID in Alpha tarts listing at selected letter ROM downloaded from PC linitializes HEPAX File System ROM Library Alphabetical Download at 4800 baud HEPAX FileSys Init Prompts A Z Destination address Prompts for values onfigures 4k HEPAX on CL onfigures 8k HEPAX on CL onfigures 16k HEPAX on CL HEPAX Config 4k CL Prompts for page HEPAX Config 8k CL HEPAX Config 16k CL Prompts for page range Prompts for page range equential list of MMU Entries Prompts for page Plugs ROM in page Prompts for page ontent of MMU entry for page Prompts F L S elected ROM plugged Prompts E F G M U X equential list of ROMs by type None ets SECURE mode ON Page Location MMU Page 4 Plug ROM Library by type Enables password lock Disables password lock Asks for password ets Secure mode OFF Clears MMU entry for page 4 None MMU entry cleared Prompts for page 6 F Unplugged if present ROM Revision in Alpha Unplugged if present Prompts for ROM mnemonic Unplugged if present ger m change password Asks old new passwords Password is chan
20. XXXE XXXF YACH YFNP YFNS Polynomial Analysis PPC ROM ProfiSet PRIDE ROM PowerCL B4 Quaternion ROM RAMPage Module Real State Pac RAMBOX 32 ROAM Module SV s ROM SandMath 12k SandBox SeaKing MK5 Securities Pac Gas Module Solve Intg ROM SIM Module Skwid s BarCode Speed Machine Simplex Module SandMath 8k SandMath ll Spectral Analysis Service ROM Standard Pac Statistics Pac Stress Analysis Pac Structural An Pac SUDOKU amp Sound SUP R ROM Surveying Pac Test Statistics Thermal Pac Timer SolBook Tom s ROM ToolBox Il Start Trek 83Trinh Unit Conversion Mail Delivery VECTOR Analysis WMK 3 WMK 4 Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Yach Computer YFNS Plus Alternate YFNS Math Utilities Extensions Engineering Extensions Math Utilities Financial Extensions Utilities Utilities Math Utilities Engineering Financial Engineering Math Science Extensions Financial Math Math Math Math Extensions Science Math Engineering Engineering Games Science Science Math Engineering Extensions Science Utilities Games Utilities Extensions Engineering Math Engineering Engineering Science Extensions Extensions Martin amp JM Baillard PPC Members Winfried Maschke James Frieslng ngel Martin Jean Marc Baillard ngel Martin HP Co W amp W GmbH Wilson B Holes Serge Vaudenay ngel Martin ngel Martin Navy Air HP Co SGS Redwood HP Co AM Ken Emery Ala
21. left over not linked to any module i e nybble 13 in the Header register is cleared The OS upon the next PACKING operation will reclaim these orphan buffers so their life span is very short get what you need from it before it s gone c Angel M Martin Page 74 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Note that to denote this contingency BFCAT will add a question mark to the buffer id in the display For example see the screen below showing an orphan buffer id 5 on V41 BF8sS7185 ue2 USER With these preambles made let s delve into the description of buffer functions The following general remarks and individual comments apply BFLST is a poor man s version of the buffer catalog showing a short list in Alpha of the buffer id s currently present in the system lean and compact see example below When the function operates on a given buffer its id is expected to be in the X register This is the case for BFLNG BUFHD BFVIEW The X MEM Save Get functions SAVEBF and GETBF seen in next section also expect the File Name in Alpha The input for CRBUF and RESZBUF is given in X as a combined decimal number IDZ SIZE The integer part represents the buffer id must be between 1 and 14 and the decimal part its size must have three decimal places Maximum size is 255 registers larger values as well as zero will trigger DATA ERROR messages This convention also applies to REI
22. lifting the stack It is therefore the symmetrical operation performed by ATOX which strictly speaking could be called LATOX e RADEL deletes the rightmost character from alpha but doesn t place its ASCII code in X so it s a diminished RATOX if you will in that it only does the first half of it e LADEL is similar to ATOX but not quite the same Like ATOX it will delete the leftmost character from ALPHA but contrary to ATOX its ASCII value will NOT be placed in X ATOX is a combination of both ASCII plus LADEL used consecutively if this comparison helps Some of these functions are mutually inverses one undoing what the other does The figure below shows these associations more clearly E Post space string Deletes all before SPC Doug Wilder Pre space string Deletesallafter SPC Doug Wilder E Alpha Substitute Replacescharacter ZENROM Manual E Left Substring Gets left substring Ross Cooling Middle Substring Gets Middle substring Ross Cooling e LEFT is a sub string function They follow the BASIC model using the number in the X register to define the length of the sub string In this case the substring will be taken from the left truncating it from the rest For instance with 5 in X e RIGHTS has the equivalent functionality but taking the substring from the right The following example should document it assumes 9 is in X DENEN MEE c ng
23. the ROM blocks looking for repeat values showing a confirmation or a warning message depending on the case It will also report all and every offending id in case of conflicts as many as there may exist Use it as frequently as you need it s the best way to ensure that things are fine after plugging any of the many modules available on the CL library a match made in heaven Or plus e e ROMLST has somewhat of a similar purpose it will produce a list in Alpha with the XROM id s of the plugged modules on the system so you can check for dups Because of the 24 char limit in the Alpha string only the last 8 modules will be shown sufficient in the majority of cases specially considering that pages 3 4 and 5 are most likely unique because of being dedicated to the X Functions the Library 4 and the Time Module c ngel M Martin Page 60 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N d Example winning Lotto combination or ROM list e Lastly OSREV shows the revisions for the three first pages containing the core Operating System code in ROMS 1 2 3 which for an unmodified CL are as follows 3 2 The Pages within Even if these functions aren t strictly new they have been improved to make them more usable and work in combination with one another within this launcher Y G G Finds page if plugged Signature in ALPHA Angel Martin G Page vital constants Page
24. 06 Faraday constant 96 485 34 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 c ngel M Martin Page 89 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 3 Unit Conversion Catalog As the unit tables get larger it becomes more challenging to remember the exact spelling of each unit symbol resulting in frequent Invalid Conversion error conditions A Unit Catalog is therefore almost an obvious addition to the UMS and as such it was mentioned in the old HP documentation as a next addition which obviously never came into being Until now that is XCAT pe CLUB Sear zi Es Poca a amt mt mS is p XXEQ Electrical Temp Mass Force Pressure Work Power UCAT lists all unit symbols sequentially following the order in which they are stored on the Unit Table This used to be alphabetical in the original implementation but has been modified in this new incarnation for reasons explained in the next paragraph UCAT adds a prompting entry to select the magnitude section to start the listing from The section prompts are as follows Bee OY GEITE USER Geometry Section length surface and volume units Pressure and Force Section Matter and Mass section Mass Density Viscosity Temperature Energy Power and Time Section Electrical and Luminance Section mm sod The units listing will continue until the end of the table is reached i e end of section 5 regardless of where it got started This is not perfect but go
25. 2 4 of the manual later on The following error conditions can occur Because of dealing with pages and not full ports PLUGG will only accept 4k ROMS or otherwise TYPE ERR will be shown Note however that UPLGG will always work removing the MMU mapping to the selected page so be careful not to half remove 8k ROMS c Angel M Martin Page 38 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Main valid page inputs are within to the 6 F range Letters other than A F will be inactive during the prompt but all numeric keys will be allowed yet values less than 6 will also be rejected resulting in an OS AREA error message Also a valid special input is 4 which accesses the page 4 functions but it requires the string OK placed in ALPHA to accept it Any other value will trigger a NOT OK error message Attempting to plug a ROM to the page currently used by YFNS will also trigger an error code to prevent accidental overwrite The display will show PG YFNS and no action will occur If you want to relocate it you need to use one of the CL standard PLUG functions instead Ifthe string in Alpha is not a valid ROM id you ll get BAD ID or NO ENTRY as expected If the YFNS ROM is not present not mapped to the MMU or running on a standard 41 without the CL board you ll get NONEXISTENT error Using Module Information for Unplugging UPLG UPLGID Functions UPLG and UPLGID
26. ALPHA which will either execute the function in RUN mode or enter it using two program steps in PRGM mode by means of the XQ1 2 plus the corresponding index using the so called non merged approach This conversion is made automatically refer to next chapter for more information Another new enhancement is the displaying of the sub function names when invoked via the index based launcher XFAT which provides visual feedback that the chosen function is the intended one or not This feature is active in RUN mode when entering it into a program and when single stepping the program execution but obviously not so during the automated run Finally as of revision O2 the execution of a sub function from within the FCAT enumeration using the XEQ hot key also supports the LASTF operation for additional convenience This includes both FCAT1 and FCAT2 LASTF Operating Instructions There is no stand alone LASTF function the Last Function feature is triggered by pressing the radix key decimal point the same key used by LastX at the launcher prompts This is consistently implemented across all launchers supporting the functionality in the three modules they all work the same way c ngel M Martin Page 19 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N When this feature is invoked it first shows LASTF briefly in the display quickly followed by the last function name Keeping the key depressed for a while sh
27. Alphabetical 9 CLLIB A676 000 NOP 10 CLUB i58 M CALL ccc docere ccccrecccccceee ccc ceee c cccccc 11 CLUB A678 345 NCXQ Clears Alpha 12 CLLIB A679 040 10D1 eS a ee 13 CLUB ABTA 13Cf1 NC XO Enable amp Clear Display 14 CLLIB A67B i0BO0 2CF0 FCLLCDE 15 CLLIB AB7C 198 o EMAL oohoo EEE aooaaeoa 16 CLLIB NC XQ 17 CLLIB 05D3 18 CLUB 19 CLUB 20 CLUB 21 CLLIB 22 CLLIB 683 21 23 CLLIB A884 115 NCXQ Partial Data Entry 24 CLUB LONE 0 e eee NEXT1 29 CLUB 26 CLLIB 2 CLLIB 25 CLLIB 343 JNC 24d LDI S amp X 29 CLUB ABBA 00A COM O 1 5 30 CLUB ABBB 35E AS0MS was J pressed 1 31 CLUB A68C 023 JNC 04 yes skip next 32 CLLIB 046 C 05 amp X 33 CLUB BE A CMS 34 CLUB RCR 13 E 35 CLLIB 38 CLUB o1 5 PORT DEF 37 CLLIB 6 10 GO 38 CLUB 69 t ABE9 39 CLUB BO QO CLUB save in A S amp X for comparisons 41 CLUB 96 27 PT 2 adjust pointer 4 CLUB P 5A C 0 M reset counter 43 CLUB 588 13 LDI S amp X upper Value l 44 CLUB 699 OIA Z Ls from there down 45 CLUB ig 1 RCR 11 put it in CIM 46 CLUB 9B i JNC 02 skip over line 47 CLUB 34g pipetiningup i For the rest K Z we ll need to read the keycode of the pressed key and act accordingly Also we need to discard any non letter key rejecting it if its keycode value is outside of the A Z range Now the show
28. Because of that only take over ROMS can be plugged in page 4 They have been written specifically for it and will either take complete control of the system like the FORTH and service modules or drive it from their own directive like the LAITRAM module Function PPG 4 prompts for the ROM to plug into the page options being just those three mentioned above FORTH LAITRAM or SERVICE modules by their initials F L S Once the selection is made the function transfers the execution to a hidden FOCAL program that writes the appropriate entries into the MMU registers so that the mapping is correct Refer to the CL manual for details on this WARNING Be aware that once the order is complete you ll be at the mercy of the plugged module Going back to the normal OS may not be as simple as you think especially with the Service ROM plugged which requires removing the batteries then clearing the MMU entry with the MMU disabled after you switch it back on For the other instances it is possible to exit back to the OS and thus you could execute UPGG4 to unplug the module from the page Obviously no inputs are needed in this case Note that because of the name not directly key able using XEQ an intentional measure you ll have to use another approach to invoke PPG 4 It s a trivial task with the CCD style CAT 2 either during the catalog run or through a previous assignment to any USER key Of course as a CL owner you re onl
29. Gordon Pegue RXL Rotate Left 56 bit field in X one digit 4 bits Gordon Pegue BRXL Rotate Left 56 bit field in X one bit w wraparound Gordon Pegue RLN Rotate Left 56 bit field in Y N digits w N isin X Gordon Pegue RRN _ jRotate Right 56 bit field in Y N digits w Nin X Gordon Pegue c ngel M Martin Page 86 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N HELLHIEI 6 1 Unit Management System A full swing relapse Bank switched modules are a fantastic invention but there are a few system design limitations that cannot be overcome not even using this advanced technique Such is the 64 entries limit in the FAT one of the absolute barriers or boundary conditions if you prefer that exerts its controlling power regardless of the number of shadowed banks we care to set up It is because of this that bank switching lends itself very well to large bodies of code with few FAT entries as apposed to many functions of reduced size The best example is the HEPAX module where dedicated banks are arranged for gigantic code functions such as HEXEDIT and DISASM In the POWERCL case the triggering point was the ROM table holding the image library information but even being large enough over 1k it doesn t fill up the second bank completely The idea of adding the Unit Management System came as a natural to fill the gap because it too has the ideal attributes to be placed on the second
30. Logical X exclusive or Y Bitwise addition Converts X to Alpha string Bit wise subtraction FAT 2 Catalog Shows Revision String Increases Address string Inputs ext in Alpha length in X ext in Alpha Output hows display all lit up Leftmost char deleted ub string text in Alpha ext changed to lower case chars ext in Alpha length in X start in Y Sub string text in Alpha ext in Alpha ext in Alpha ext in Alpha ext in Alpha ext in Alpha length in X Stack and Alpha contents ext in Alpha TXT1 TXT2 string in Alpha Pg in Y from and X to NNN in X NNN in X amp nibbles in Y Pages as string in Alpha Numbers in X and Y pag in X Number in Y bits in X Number in Y bits in X Number in X Numbers in X and Y Number in X Numbers in X and Y ABC gt XYZ in Alpha Orange background denotes Launcher functions 77 Pink background Gateways to bank switched FATs Blue background denote new or improved in Revisions H to J V Red font denotes new in PWRCL EXT Removes all before space char Removes all after space char rightmost character deleted rightmost character deleted ub string text in Alpha ontents exchanged onverted Text in Alpha tring swapped around hows text doesn t stop hows mantissa Result in X stack drops Lists block contents Page contents cleared NNN in X FROM Page copied to TO page Decodes string in Alpha Decoded string in Alpha hain re set hows string
31. MENG MILE MLBL MLRM MLTI MONO MTRX MTST MUEC NAVI NCHP NEA1 NEA2 NEA3 NFCR NPAC NTHY NVCM OILW OPTO OTRP P3BC PANA PARI PCOD PETR PHYH PLOT PMLB 8k 4k 4k 8k 4k 4k Inverse ERF IL Buffer Module Database Integrator ROM ISENE ROM Interchangeable Solutions JMB Math JMB Matrix Weight amp Balance Comp AFDC 1E 003 LaitRAM XQ2 Land Navigation ROM Labels ROM Solar Engineering Solutions Lend Lease amp Sav Laplace Transform ROM Advanced Matrix Pac Mass Storage Utilities Math Pac Machine Construction Pac Mountain Computer AFDC 1F ROM AFDC 1F ROM Melbourne ROM Mechanical Eng Military Engineering ROM Mainframe Labels ML ROM Multi Prec Library MONOPOLY ROM MATRIX ROM MC Test ROM Muecke ROM Navigation Pac NoVoCHAP SNEAP1 SNEAP2 SNEAP3 NFC ROM NavPac ROM Number Theory ROM NaVCOM 2 OilWell Module Optometry amp Il OvenTrop Aviation for P3B C PANAME ROM PARIO ROM Proto Coder 1A Petroleum Pac Physics Plotter Module PPC Melb ROM Math Extensions Extensions Math Utilities Science Math Math Engineering Engineering Extensions Science Extensions Engineering Financial Math Math Extensions Math Engineering Utilities Engineering Engineering Utilities Engineering Engineering Extensions Utilities Math Games Math Utilities Engineering Science Utilities Engineering Engineering Engineering Utilities Science Math Science Engineering Sc
32. PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 I O Bus and Page 5 1 The system as a whole 59 5 2 The pages within 61 6 Strings and Alpha Extensions 6 1 String Manipulation functions 63 6 2 Alpha and Display Utilities 64 7 System Extensions 7 1 X Memory Utilities 69 7 2 Second Sets of Main and X Memory 71 7 3 Buffer Handling Utilities 74 7 4 Key Assignment Utilities 76 7 5 Page Functions revisited 7 7 6 XRAY how big is your lollypop 78 7 7 Flag handling functions 81 7 8 Other Miscellaneous Utilities 82 7 9 Extra Functions Cont 84 8 Unit Management System 8 1 Constants Library 87 8 2 Unit Conversion Catalog 90 8 3 Unit Conversion Comparison 93 8 4 Farewell 96 9 Appendixes 9 1 Summary of XCL functionality 98 9 2 Detailed CL ROM id table 100 9 3 FOCAL Program Listing 105 9 4 MCODE Highlights 106 9 5 Serial Transfers CLWRITE CLREAD 109 9 6 Checking ROM Configurations 114 9 7 Re allocating MMU Entries 116 9 8 Breaking the FAT barrier 117 9 9 Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde 120 c ngel M Martin Page 4 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N PHNHEHRLL EXT Module Extension Functions for the 41CL 0 Preambles Fatter that FAT This manual covers revision O2 of the PowerCL Extreme module an extended implementation with a full four bank configuration on just a 4k footprint There are 242 functions and numerous advanced capabilities packed in this module rangi
33. Y Z T o or with a register block starting with the RG input at the prompt respectively This is handy to temporarily save the stack in alpha for later reuse Note however that register P is partially used by the OS as scratch so depending on what you do in between two executions of ST lt gt A the content of the T register may have changed c ngel M Martin Page 67 of 113 November 2014 Name PowerCL Module Revision 4N ASWAP YCL and YBSP are pretty much self explanatory performing partial Alpha deletions and text swapping around the control characters and gt They are used by some of the FOCAL programs included in the module Because they were used in FOCAL programs these three functions were in the main FAT in previous revisions of the PowerCL module but have been moved to an auxiliary FAT after the program was modified This is probably a good moment to be reminded about the register map of the calculator including the buffer area relatively small in comparison the Status registers and the complete extended memory see figures below taken from the CCD Manual and CODE for Beginners book e F d Flag register E t Program return stack Unshifted key assignment Ing hita Scratch ALPHA Register Se a A3 Oe Steck register L no Oo A OU DN OW O gt DW O X Stack register X Y Stock register Y Z Stack register Z
34. although you can use it to review its contents Note that some functions from the AMC OS X module are used thus you ll need to have it plugged as well one more reason to always have it on line Listed below are a couple of small FOCAL programs that illustrate the functionality present in YEDIT The first one only reviews the contents useful to check whether the block contains the expected information and the second also allows actual changes to it Like the final program in the POWERCL module these example programs also use functions WSIZE and ARCLH from the AMC OS X module The final version of YEDIT also uses PMTA instead of APPEND The simple version on the right allows moving to a different address without re starting the program simply add or subtract the offset from the current one entering it in X in decimal then pressing or just before R S For YEDIT on the left you ll need to re start the program and input the new address 01 LBL YEDIT 01 LBL YEDIT 02 YINPT 02 YINPT 03 ASTOX 03 ASTOX 4 1 D5 WSIZE De cx 07 LBLOS 08 CLA 9 ARCLY 10 ARCLH 1 B888 12 YPEEK 3 AVIEW 14 Y N 5 lt 0 j 15 X GTO 02 26 7 E 7 END 8 9 GTO 05 70 LBLOZ 71 YCL 72 APPEND 73 YPOKE 24 67005 25 END The screenshot above shows the data at address 0x83F000 first word in the last SRAM block in the V2 CL systems my customary l
35. choices vary depending on which mode you re in The P key invokes the standard PLUG function in the YFNX by itself a vastly enhanced version over those in the FYNS and FNYP modules For starters it is a prompting function and it now works on pages as opposed to ports thus modules are plugged as per their size starting at the port provided at the prompt Key same as P and I keys invoke the UPLG and UPLGID functions respectively which will unplug a module using its signature string or its IMDB mnemonic in both cases irrespective of its currently mapped port see later descriptions for details Key G triggers functions PLUGG and UPLGG depending on from which one of the above it had been pressed You may think of these as shortcuts for the official PLUG function but using the ALPHA register to hold the ROM id for PLUGG or EMPT for UPLGG Irrespective of how you got to one of them pressing SHIFT toggles between them the same as it happens with their precursors launchers Keys L and U trigger the LOCK and UNLOCK functions from the YFNX module Use them to manage the write to protection of the page which number in hex is entered in the function prompt Note that you cannot unlock the page where YFNX is configured no matter how many times you use UNLOCK as such protection is connected to the calculator polling points effectively canceling your action Key 4 invokes the page 4 management f
36. display shows information message while the test takes place followed by a confirmation or a warning depending on the case Incidentally it s more than likely that if you run ROMCHKX on the POWERCL itself the result is BAD This is not because of an error I just usually don t bother to update the checksum values as the code is updated very frequently e READPG and WRTPG are the mandatory read write entire blocks a k a pages to the HP IL disk drive Very much equivalent to the HEPAX READROM and WRTROM where the destination page is expected to be in X It works on any page RAM or ROM and OS included Note for bank switched modules only the first bank is copied Their code is entirely contained in the Library 4 so this is another example of the free riders only needing the FAT entry and the calling stub footprint They are taken from the CCD OS X thus I attributed authorship to R del Tondo which to this date is unconfirmed c ngel M Martin Page 79 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N XQ XR is without a doubt a powerful function It converts the XEQ instructions included in a FOCAL program saved in Q RAM into the appropriate XROM equivalents assuming that the calls were made other programs residing in a plugged in module The need for this arises when programs are loaded on Q RAM devices like the HEPAX RAM The net result is substantial byte savings because any XROM instruction takes
37. final message and end Backing up MMU entries may be seen as superfluous yet think about the issues arising from restoring MMU configurations that don t include the POWERCL module which is where the program is being run from welcome to CL limbo Surely something to be avoided Similar issues will occur if in the restored configuration the YFNS and POWERCL modules are plugged in a different ports than the ones the restore process is being executed from the program pointer will get confused and the calculator may hang up c ngel M Martin Page 56 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 5 6 Transferring ROM images from to PC files lt DLD48 UPL48 The serial link is a very practical alternative to download and upload ROM images from to the PC Definitely worth the set up and configuration price even if initially it may look a bit intimidating The program below is a nice and short application to automate the downloading and uploading of ROM images from to the PC using the serial link The core of the routine is the function YIMP with the other few lines just setting the stage to make sure nothing is forgotten typical when done manually So it s nothing to write home about but since I use it so frequently I opted for adding them to the module on a permanent basis got tired of entering the program in RAM every time It uses a 4800 baud setting which happens to be a good compromise betwee
38. functions to access any of the sub functions as well as a few other tricks for advanced applications The functions included in the XXEQ launcher are as follows Key Function Warnings Description n 0 XEQ None InvokesthenativeXEQfuncion 1 XQi None Calls XQ1 for FAT 1 sub functions calling by NAME 2 XQ2 None Calls XQ2 for ANY sub function calling by NAME R XROM None J Calls XROM to execute any ROM function if present Q XQ gt XR Converts XEQ instructions to XROM M XQXM j None Calls XQXM to execute a program File Without a question this is one of the most intriguing parts of the POWERCL Perhaps a quick refresher on the theory of operation of sub functions is appropriate so let s get on with it Sub functions can be called by their name using an ALPHA prompt or by their FAT index using a numerical prompt So in principle two main functions are needed per each FAT and since there are two of these FAT groups it d be logical to assume that four functions would be needed in total one per each type times two FATs To reduce the requirements on the main FAT the two numeric launchers have been consolidated into a single function XFAT _ with two prompt fields use the first for the FAT and the second for the index c ngel M Martin Page 21 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Furthermore hav
39. id CAT ROM Editor Gets page of matching sig Base Ten to Base FAT1 eXEQute FAT2 amp FAT1 eXEQute FAT Function Launcher ROM function Launcher wap ALPHA and Registers Reverse Unit conversion Is MMU enabled Checks for YFNX version Main memory to Block Main Memory Exchange tatus Regs to Block tatus Regs Exchange Extended Mem To Block Ext Memory Exchange Y Block to Main memory Y block to Status Regs Y block to Extended Mem ALPHA back Space Clears string from gt Location of YFNS ROM General purpose cOPY General Purpose Exchange Resets the MMU Swaps both sides of gt 1 Second delay number of banks in page Lists free pages in I O Bus ests whether page is blank Lists used pages in I O Bus Code NNN Check xROM Configuration Clear Block Decode NNN En Decrypts Page hows revision of OS ROMS Page information Copy Page Counts zero words within page Page Sum Lists banked pages in I O Bus Inputs Prompts ROM id 1 32 Prompts for address ignature in Alpha rompts L M R S UA number in X base in prompt prompts for FNAME prompts for FNAME prompts for FATH FNC prompts for XROM FNC Register in prompt alue in X string in Alpha tack and Regs contents section in prompt 1 5 Destination Block in X wap Block in X Destination Block in X wap block in X Destination Block in X wap block in X ource block in X ource block in X Cource block in X Alternate YFNS Control da
40. implementation The screens below show a couple of examples editing the leftmost nybble of the Y register address D002 and the rightmost digit of the X register address 0003 The screenshots don t capture its magic you really need to use it to appreciate its simple and powerful functionality The control keys for RAMED are as follows USER moves down to the previous nybble or position within the field PRGM moves up to the next nybble or position within the field moves up to the next register moves down to the previous register al the Radix key moves between both fields used to change the register address 1 9 A F the nybble value being edited lt back arrow cancels out and exits the editing ON turns the calculator OFF RAMED is completely located in bank 2 with only the function name and a small code snippet in the first bank to transfer the execution I have only minimally altered the source code to take advantage of the CX and Library 4 routines RAMED uses a key detection technique more power demanding than the Partial Key Sequence thus will drain on the battery life if used extensively Do not leave it run idle for a prolonged time c Angel M Martin Page 50 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Editing ROM areas with ROMED Written by W Doug Wilder another MCODE master this ROM editor has all the basic functionality required for the most common needs perhaps
41. in Alpha Result in X Result in X stack drops Releases page from HepRAM result in X stack drops result in X stack drops result in X stack drops result in X stack drops result in X result in X stack drops Lists sub functions Revision shown in LCD Increases ABC 1 XYZ 1 Deserving special attention the function launchers will be discussed later on with the appropriate level of detail A short write up article on the Sub function groups and the multiple FATs is posted in the HP Museum forum at the following location http Www hpmuseum org cgi sys cglwrap hpmuseumyarticles cgi read 1195 Note Make sure that revision M or higher of the Library 4 is installed c ngel M Martin Page 13 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Photo by Geoff Quickfall 2011 n w wit ELLE mo T r 4 e purus Lad te tdiiijil v Photo courtesy of Geoff Quickfall 2011 c ngel M Martin Page 14 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 The functions in detail The following sections of this document describe the usage and utilization of the functions included in the POWER CL module While some are very intuitive to use others require a little elaboration as to their input parameters or control options which should be covered here FOUT TOV HNTHERG CULO EDHITETO XEQ2 1 a 2 0 Function Launchers The ta
42. inclusion of other functionality c ngel M Martin Page 105 of 113 03 01 LBL HPX4 Entry for k 02 E GTO 02 LBL HPX Entry for 8k LBL HPX16 Entry for 16K 0 LBL 02 10 A F flag setting 11 TURBOSO run as fas as possible 12 0B9 808 prepare for 0x608 13 AVIEW provide feedback 14 YMCPY copy to 0x808 in RAM 15 FS 00 4k case 16 GTO 00 yes skip the rest 17 YBSP remove last chr 18 mg replace it 18 AVIEW provide feedback 20 YMCPY copy to 0x509 in RAM 271 FS 01 ok case 22 GTO 00 yes Skip the rest 23 YBSP remove last char 24 TA replace it 25 AVIEW provide feedback 2B YMCPY copy to 0x80A in RAM 2f YBSP remove last char 28 B replace it 29 AVIEW provide feedback 30 YMCPY copy to 0x60B in RAM 31 LEL 00 oo 32 SETUP announce last phase 33 AVIEW 34 RAM buffer common string 35 ASTOL in temporary storage 35 808 build first mapping text af ARCLL 38 PLUG4U plug 0x808 to pager 38 FS 00 4k case 40 GTO 01 yes jump over 41 809 build 2nd Mapping text 42 ARCL L 43 PLUG4L plug 0x809 to pagestE 44 FS 01 ok case 45 GTO 03 yes iupm over 46 80A build 3er Mapping text 47 ARCL L 48 PLUGSU plug 0x80A to pagestD 49 80B build 4th Mapping text 50 ARCL L 51 PLUG3L plug Ox80B to portitc 5 4 configuration parameters 53 ENTER four pages 54 12 starting at pagezc 55 GTO 00 E 56 LBLO3 8kcase 57 2 config parm 58 ENTER two pages 59 14 starting at page E 60 GTO 00 61 LBL 01
43. introduce a new aspect to the ROM plug unplug chapter in that it uses the text ALPHA as input and not page or port information which may not be known to the user at the moment of the unplugging action For UPLG The string in Alpha is expected to be the Page Signature a four letter string written at the end of each 4k page comprising the module just before the checksum word at the very bottom of the page Typically the page signature is not known to the normal user but power users are of course a different kind There is a couple of ways to find out the signature for any page 1 Using the function PGSIG which prompts for the page number in Hexadecimal format from 0 to F returning the signature string to ALPHA and the display Note that it s also programmable and than n PRGM mode the page is taken from the X register instead 2 Using MMUCAT now also adding the signature to the information shown in the display This enhances the output and provides more details as to the type of mapping for each page which may be for a module in Flash showing its ROM CL ID and the page Signature or a module in sRAM showing the address and the Signature or not part of the MMU showing zeros and signature or even a blank page with nothing plugged in virtually or physically showing zeros and the string All in all a better characterization of the system configuration which will also be printed if the NORM TRACE mode is set
44. is about to start see how the key pressed value in N is compared with every possible value in the K Z range building the pointer in C S amp X by repeat one additions until coming up to its final result c ngel M Martin Page 106 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 48 CLUB AB9D e LDI S amp X 49 CLUB ABE m 50 CLUB ABOF 51 CLUB AAG JNC 560 K 52 CLUB ABA1 C C 1 PT keycode 220 53 CLUB ABA DAC SAX 54 CLUB kB JNC 54d L 55 CLLIB ABA C C 1 PT keycode 320 CLLIB ABAS 2AHC SAX km J oy MJ 1 Kp cl n Em E ere oo cic mo LD e E mn Ch Cm U Cy ty Ga hj OOo um T rm J Cn cn m Cn 7 Im TJ 10A 94d m OQ D en G3 r r D Go Go Co Cn 4 Cmn Cn 4x m cea Cn CLLIB ABCH 222 C C 1 PT Keycode 250 CLLIB ABC 366 PARC SEX Lr oo Gn c 31 CLUB ABCB DE3 JNC 28d nj 32 CLUB ABC9 222 C C 1 PT keycode 350 93 CLLIB ABCA 66 ASC S amp X 94 CLLIB ABCB ODS JNC 26d Ix ji a Cn Cn CLLIB CLLIB CLLIB 988 CLUB 99 CLUB 100 CLLIB 101 CLUB 102 CLLIB 103 CLUB ABCC ABCD ABCE ABCF ABD ABD1 w JNC 23d C C 1 PT MEC S amp X JNC 21 ABD3 ABD4 ABD5 37 CLUB GAG TAS ING 020 T O 58 ABAT M3 LDI S amp X 29 ABAS 1030 CON 0 Ll ABAD 366 ARC S amp X i ABAA JNC 49d N 53 ABAB 222 C C 1 gP
45. is changed Checksum byte is refreshed Buffer is written to XM File KA regs written to XM File tatus registers saved in XM omplex Buffer saved in XM FileName appended to Alpha Execution transferred to file AINT ARCL Integar part x in X int X appended to Alpha ALEFTJ Alpha Justify Left ext in Alpha ustified left ANUMDL ANUM w Deletion String in Alpha Number from string to X APPEND _ Appends text to Alpha ext in prompt ext appended to Alpha 41 ARCLCHR ARCL Character FileName in Alpha ARCLs chr at current pointer 42 AREV Alpha Reverse ext in Alpha Reversed text in Alpha 43 ASCII ASCII value of Char ext in Alpha alue in X leftmost chr 44 ASUB Alpha Substitute char chr in Y chr value in X har is replaced 45 ASWAP Alpha Swap around A B in Alpha B A in Alpha 46 CHRSET Character Set none Lists all character set 47 CLA Is Alpha Empty ext in Alpha ex No skips line if false 48 DSP Sets Display digits t of digits in X Display settings changed 49 DSP Finds Display digits none number of decimal digits in X 50 IDTOA Display to ALPHA Display contents ext in Alpha c ngel M Martin Page 12 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Function Description Middle Alpha String Post space string pre space string Right Alpha Delete Right Alpha to X Right Alpha string Decodes a number of nibbles Sets HEPAX Ram Chain Shows current HEPRAM chain Rotates Y register X bits Shifts Y register X bits
46. is really a FOCAL program that drives the function ADRID the real engine behind it not to be confused with the capital city of a country I know quite well ADRID is obviously programmable The idea is simple produce a list of the MMU mappings into the different pages showing either the ROM id or the address Flash or SRAM currently mapped to the port A loop is executed starting on page 3 and up until page F Each iteration retrieves pokes more appropriately the address written into the corresponding MMU register then searches it against the internal ROM id table written in bank 2 of the PWERCL EXT module More about this later Note that full port modules will return the ROM id attached to the lower half and the Flash address mapped to the upper half sRAM MMU entries will return the corresponding sRAM address While similar to the CAT2 concept this really has an MMU oriented perspective of things and thus is purely a 41 CL feature it ll render all entries zero if used on a regular HP 41 The program listing is rather simple as ADRID does all the weight lifting under the hood 01 LBL MMUCAT n2 0 0000 21 8040 prefix 03 ASTO X 22 XTOA d 23 ARCL Y pages 24 YPEEK read MMU rg 25 Y SWAP swap around 5 to 9 26 YCL delete from 2f YBSP back space z8 ATOX next 29 RDN 30 ADRID decode address 31 ATOA A lo F 32 5 33 3 34 AROT next 35 RDN 36 AVIEW show DF af PSE pause 38 END A r
47. modules reserve a memory area right above the KA registers for their own use not part of the data registers or program memory either The OS will recognize those buffers and allow them to exist and be managed by the owner module which is responsible to claim for it every time the calculator is switched on Each buffer has an id number ranging from 1 to 14 Only one buffer of a given id can exist thus the maximum number present at a given time is 14 buffers assuming such hoarding modules would exit which thankfully they don t For instance plug the AOSX module into any available port Then type PI SEED followed by BFCAT to see that a 2 register buffer now exists in the HP 41 I O area created by the SEED function 4 id 5 buffer at address 194 size 2 properly allocated Suppose you also change the default word size to 12 bits by typing 12 WSIZE This has the effect of increasing the buffer size in one more register thus repeating BFCAT will show id 5 buffer at address 194 size 3 properly allocated Say now that you also plug the 41Z module into a full port of your CL Just doing that won t create the buffer but switching the calculator OFF and ON will or alternatively execute the HP 41Z function After doing that execute BFCAT again then immediately hit R S to stop the listing of the buffers and move your way up and down the list using SST and BST You should also see the line for the 41Z buffer a
48. of a hacker trick it modifies the file type information for the file named in Alpha changing it to the value in X This is actually useful in a number of circumstances like sorting a Matrix file using SORTFL which only works for DATA files just change the type to 2 sort its contents with SORTFL and change it back to 4 You can use any value from 1 to 14 in X other values will cause FL TYPE ERR conditions e RSTCHK is a rescue function that restores the checksum value for a PROGRAM file Use it if this byte gets corrupt or when you alter the program file manually hacker beware so the file will recover its valid status e XQXM is a PROGRAM File Execute direct execution of the program Note that all GOTO s must be pre compiled and no calls to other programs may exist within the file e WRTXM and READXM are used to write read the complete contents of the X Memory to from a disk drive over HPIL These functions exercise the full capability of the system and provide a nice permanent back up for your XMEM files Note that only the non zero content will be copied thus the resulting disk file size will not be larger than required in other words it won t always copy all XMEM even if zero like other FOCAL implementations of the same functionality can only do These functions are taken from the Extended IL ROM written by Ken Emery s alter ego Skwid e WORKFL will append the name of the current workfile to ALPHA Easy does it e S
49. only two bytes regardless of the label length of the called program XQ XR is not strictly a full page function but it only operates on RAM pages thus its inclusion here is justified will be shown while the conversion occurs Lastly CODE and DECODE are the ubiquitous NNN lt gt HEX functions present in every ROM worth its name in fact the PowerCL has two sets of them ONE IN THE HEPAXA2 SECTION and another as part of the PG FNS section aptly named you ll never guess CDE and DCD respectively We can t have enough of a good thing or so it seems An example to impress your friends decode the contents of the Status c register Switch on ALPHA to see the complete contents scroll c ngel M Martin Page 80 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 5 Flag Handling functions Modest but still interesting the functions below round up the flag handling capabilities XCF J Extended CF Allows ANY flag Michael Katz XSF Extended SF Allows ANY flag Michael Katz TOGF Toggle Flag Allows ANY flag FC S Is Flag Clear and Setit Allows ANY flag FS S Is Flag Set and Set it Allows ANY flags e XCF and XSF are natural extensions to the mainframe standard Clear Set Flag functions Unlike those the input is expected in X as a decimal entry Also unlike them they ll accept anyone of the 56 flags from 0 to 55 When used in a program enter the flag in the preceding program line
50. thousand cubit feet Gas Volume Matter amp Mass MD millidarcy Porosity Matter amp Mass MG megagram Mass Matter amp Mass MMCF million cubic feet ga Gas Volume Matter amp Mass MOL E mole Matter Matter amp Mass 1 MT megatonne Mass Matter amp Mass P OISE poise Viscosity Matter amp Mass 1 R degree rankine Temperature Matter amp Mass 1 1 SCF standard cubic foot Gas Volume Matter amp Mass SCM standard cubic mete Gas Volume Matter amp Mass SCMZ standard cubic mete Gas Volume Matter amp Mass SLUG slug Mass Matter amp Mass 1 1 SPGR specific gravity to wa Density Matter amp Mass ST OKE stoke Kinematic Viscosit Matter amp Mass 1 T tonne Mass Matter amp Mass TON short ton Mass Matter amp Mass 1 1 TONUK long ton Mass Matter amp Mass E 4 Energy Power amp Time Units 5 E E iz symbo Unit un Magnitude Md Group S amp ET 3 BTU British Thermal Unit Energy Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 CAL Calorie Energy Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 CV Cheval Vapeur Power Energy amp Time l DAY Day Time Energy amp Time 1 1 ERG Erg Energy Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 EV Electron Volt Energy Energy amp Time 1 HP Horsepower Power Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 HR Hour mean solar Time Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 J Joule Energy Energy amp Time 1 1 1 1 KCAL kilocalorie Energy Energy amp Time 1 1 1 KJ Kilojoule Energy Energy amp Time KW kilowatt Power Ene
51. 1 T Stack register T O M lt Mantisso gt Exponent Sign Sign Status registers Address Address RAM 3FF Extendcd Memory 2 300 2FF Extended Memory 1 Top of Main Memory data register 0 top of User programs eoceconnvonscenen BIN D nnne I O Buffcr area Key Assignments OBF Top of X funct X Mem 040 Bottom of X Funct X Mem Nonexistent Registers VOID 0OF Status Registers 000 Correct addresses should be 201 2EF and 301 3EF for the first and second EM modules c Angel M Martin Page 68 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N SYSTEM EXTENSIONS 5 1 X Memory Utilities The table below shows the advanced X Memory utilities complementing and enhancing the standard capabilities of the native system Usual suspects you ll surely recognize the names FHD FileHeader FNAMEinAlpha Angel Martin PEEKR Peek Register RG addressinX KenEmey POKER PokeRegistr RGfaddresinY Angel Martin XQXM Execute Program File FNAMEinAlpha Ross Cooling READXM Read X Mem from Disk FNAMEinAlpha Skwid The following short descriptions summarize the most important points for each function e ARCLCHR appends the character at the current pointer position of the ASCII file which name is in Alpha or the current file if no name is provided The Pointer is advanced one po
52. AVEST and GETST are special in a couple of ways For starters because their subject is the complete Status Registers i e the ChipO of the system RAM Use SAVEST to make backups of the entire status registers area to XMEM including the stack flags Alpha and the other control registers Use GETST to restore the status registers back to the same state For obvious reasons the file size will always be 16 They re also special because they use a file type 7 which is properly recognized as type T by the CAT 4 implementation in the AMCOS X module STATUS To 16 USER RAD A couple of observations are in order o The XMEM file name is expected in ALPHA thus this imposes a little limitation on things You can however add a comma to the FileName and write additional text after it which will be ignored by the functions o Register 12 b stores the program counter PC Executing GETST in a program will overwrite the current PC and the program execution will be lost going to the same place it was at when the status registers were saved There are more tricky issues using these in PRGM mode like the question of the subroutine stack and the program line Suffice it to say it s not really advisable yet I resisted the idea to make it non programmable but users beware c ngel M Martin Page 70 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N o Saving and restoring the Key Assignments involves two separate actions GE
53. CURITIES X SPEED MACHINE Il STANDARD STRESS STRC ANAL X AHONWSIN X SURVEYING THERMAL TIME MODULE AHON3IN X X FUNCTIONS ZENROM 1 Photo courtesy of Wilson Bill Holes Page 104 of 113 WOYDSRV sinpow Aiowew November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix 2 FOCAL program Listings Provided for your reference and in case you feel like experimenting with your own settings As always mind the potential conflicts with other modules when plugging stuff and pay special attention not to overwrite YFNS you re safe if using PLUGGX it won t let you to In the HEPAX configuration code the role of HEPINI is to write the appropriate words into the HRAM pages as per the description provided before This could also be done using YPOKE but the memory requirements are much larger due to all the alpha strings that would be required to do so For example see below for the 16k case using pages C D E and F This would mean having to write on each page the four page id s plus the pointers to the previous and next pages for a total of 10x or equivalent to 110 bytes 809FE7 000C 808000 000C 808FE8 000D 80AFE7 000D 809000 000D 809FE8 000E 8S0BFE7 000E 80A000 000E 80AFE8 000F 80B000 000F In fact such was the original method used in earlier versions of the CLUTILS so using HEPINI resulted in significant byte savings that allowed the
54. DBF so the new id must be expressed with three significant digits 9 010 XEQ REIDBF gt changes buffer 9 into buffer 10 s Note that those buffers created with CRBUF are somehow extemporaneous i e not managed by dedicated modules thus a theyll be short lived by nature because they won t survive a power off cycle b2 B2 Header The operation of RESZBF is compatible with KA and multiple buffers existence Note however that while upsizing a buffer will B1 be smooth and will keep the previous buffer contents downsizing it will cause loss of the data contained in the removed section b1 DELBUF will remove the buffer with id in X It works simply by oco clearing the nybble 14 in the buffer header register and then calling the OS routine PKIOAS to reclaim the registers previously used by it so no uncommitted buffers are left behind This function is equivalent to CLB available in the CCD Module and its derivatives like the AMCOS X Also available in those ROMs is function B to test the existence of a buffer Saving and Getting buffers in from Extended memory with SAVEBF and GETBF follows the same convention used for other file types with the buffer id in X and the FileName in Alpha Error handling includes checking for duplicate buffer DUP BF buffer existence NO BUF as well as previous File existence DUP FL It is possible to have multiple files with the contents of one specifi
55. ES or do a memory lost to disable the MMU and then reload the POWERCL from flash which has the protection flag cleared Map it to the right page and enable the MMU again you re back in charge c ngel M Martin Page 41 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 3 5 Encrypting and Decrypting RAM contents Scrambles RAM See description below d WEE YCRYPT Driver for FOG Follow program prompts B WEE If you re concerned about the security of the data and programs held in your RAM pages here is the ultimate encryption facility to completely cover your tracks and protect the system to the paranoia Stage YFOG will scramble the RAM contents using a 6 characters long encryption key provided in ALPHA starting from the address in the S amp X field of X thus a NNN is expected and until the bottom of that page Repeating the operation with the same encryption code will restore the contents to its original state so the operation is reversible as long as you remember the key used to encrypt it in the first place YCRYPT is a nice and easy driver program for YFOG that takes care of preparing the required inputs for you No additional precautions are added so the ADR _ _ input will accept any HEX characters and not only valid addresses As these functions only operate in RAM the OS area is safe even if you attempt to encrypt it Ditto for every page plugged to a module in Flash memory but watch out
56. Launchers are not programmable per se but they can be used in PRGM mode to enter the called upon function in a program line Some of the functions called by the prompts are from the YFNX module but many others are from the PWRCL EXT itself as well The list is long and somehow warps around itself as launchers are inter connected in a more or less logical way There are two other hidden launchers not shown in the prompt They are for the Sub function Catalogs FCAT 1 and 2 accessed by pressing ENTER directly from the and the XXEQ launchers respectively More about these two later on as well c ngel M Martin Page 16 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Plugging and Unplugging Modules The PLUGZ launcher offers a large selection of choices in its prompts and therefore deserve special consideration starting with a review of the internal and external ports and pages on the 41 as seen in the picture below V d Port 1 Port 2 Upper Page 9 hex Upper Page B hex Lower Page 8 hex Port 3 Port 4 Upper Page D hex Upper Page F hex m naa a rc mr a sr a sr a sem ea ss a es a es ace a cs er ec sa ce ee ese ee RK OE M re Lower Page C hex Lower Page E hex Lower Page A hex lid entries for the prompt are shown below note that SHIFT toggles between PLUG and UPLUG actions and that the prompt
57. M id or first one if running backwards has been reached Also keeping any key depressed in RUN mode will halt the sequence displaying until it s released again so it s easier to keep tabs with the enumeration The same considerations made about plugging modules apply here be careful not to inadvertently overwrite anything you re using with a new ROM image specially important for YFNS as there s no check whether the target location is already used or not with the only exception being function PLUGG c ngel M Martin Page 30 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N As you can guess there is a lot of code sharing between ADRID and these two ROM library catalogue functions Fundamentally they all use a ROM id table within bank 2 of the POWER CL ROM to look up for the string and fetch the address in Flash of the corresponding image This table is quite long occupying more than 1k in the ROM yet worth every byte The prompt in ROMLIB suggests the different ROM types as follows E Engineering related modules in all the main branches EE ME etc IF Finance related modules you gotta love those too G Games and entertainment related modules M Math related modules the heart of the machine for some S Applied Science related modules excluding Engineering U The Utilities group all those nice packs adding extra tools to the system X System Extensions group all wh
58. MS since only the pages in the TO and FROM inputs will get reallocated regardless of which other logical connections may exist And you ll be glad to know that they support bank switched modules i e HEPAX OS X3 F po DEBE ee The FOCAL program listed on the left shows an a 02 alternative unrestricted version for YSWAP use L EE it judiciously 04 RDN F Loo eee aa E TO page Besides the restriction not to use it with the SeA VOL PowerCL itself other obvious limitations for the eee read the FROM page FOCAL program but not for the MCODE function ER js SOVE IN Scratch include not moving the YFNS and AMC_OS X a E write FROM into TO modules either It s only valid for non bank EPUM switched modules 11 STOL save in scratch f 12 RDN write TO into FROM 13 LBLO2 14 804 15 ARCLH F 16 0 17 ARCLL 18 YPOKE F 19 X lt gt Y 20 RTN 21 LBLOO 22 804 23 ARCLH 24 0 1111 25 F 26 ASHF 27 XoY 28 END c ngel M Martin Page 54 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 5 5 Calculator Flash Backup amp Restore YWALL Backs up to Flash OK or OKALL in Alpha YRALL Restore from Flash OK or OKALL in Alpha WA The MMU content is preserved during a MEMORY LOST event and the same is true with the sRAM on the CL board So using RAM for a complete calculator backup and restore is not a bad idea at all and it will allow you different s
59. N 1 LBL MMCOPY 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ENTER 3 KEQ 03 MAIN AVIEW 192 ENTER LBL 03 STO M Ac Y reg address read current destination adr copy value reg c address registers c d and e copy block main memory provide feedback origin address number of registers Save counter in M address 1 26 27 29 31 32 33 35 1024 XKc Y LASTX LBL 01 PEEKR AY RDN POKER Ac T E sn Z DSE M GTO 01 DONE AVIEW END adress z read value in adr 1 write in in adr zZ increase adr 1 increase adr 2 decrease counter loop back if not done block is done At the risk of stating the obvious MMSWAP cannot be run from main memory or you ll get nice pyrotechnics and a guaranteed ML event Make sure you run it from ROM HEPAX or similar or even from X Memory if you are up to those tricks As interesting as these examples are don t forget that being in sRAM the alternate sets of Main and Extended memory will be lost when the calculator battery goes flat For a permanent backup refer to section 2 5 5 on page 53 describing the flash backup and restore programs YWALL and YRALL CL board The soul in the machine c ngel M Martin Page 73 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 2 Buffer Utilities Fascinating things these Buffers so challenging and elusive they are that prompted the development of the BUFFERLAND Module Many of it
60. P to trigger the PLUG functionality PLUG enter G to invoke the page plugging PLUGG enter 7 the page number to complete the job Easy does it and you didn t have to remember any mnemonic or function name nor does it require any key assignment other than XCL to call up to 58 different functions Does it get any better than this As a handy summary see the menu map in the left and the table in next page showing all possible combinations to access a given function using the different function launchers Cells show the keys to press to access to the function starting from the launcher on the column header BLACK fns YFNS Functions BLUE fns POWERCL Functions c ngel M Martin Page 98 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 1 m 1 m DLUG F Ww 19 S i AU f r y in 1 j E ai Y TANG f Jh i Y LI A j JVEIVI V LILA in i SE N b EM T u as k J p ya c T J G U T o O IN d H fr bd p gt CF C B GL H D H H 6 H 4 H 8 CK M M T M C M D M E bua SO ANAAA wD f a aua a asa asna Oo 0 1 0004 C 1 1 S No Q PGI P U 1 L P 1 i L P U 1 U 1 EE P L 2 L P L 2 mE EIE P U 2 L P U 2 u2 BENT P 3 3 13 P L3 L P L 3 L3 e P U 3 L P U 3 1 U3 PLA LA DNE P U 4 P U 4 u4 LUA PA SP G B P G 4 L P G 4 G4 1 64 wi NN NO Q DND ON D
61. PAXA2 section also clears the complete page and it takes a decimal input for the PG in X Both require the string OK in Alpha as a security measure to avoid accidental usage e X PG compares the complete contents of two pages returning YES NO depending on the result and skipping a line in PRGM mode when false The execution time will depend on the logical condition whereby a NO result is returned as soon as the first non equal word is found e PGCPY copies the contents from page number in X to the page entered in the prompt in hex format 0 F The destination page must be mapped to RAM for a correct operation No confirmation string is required COPYROM in the HEPAXA2 section pretty much does the same as CPYPG but taking the FROM page input from Y and the TO page input from the X register instead of the prompts The function name is somehow misleading as it s operating on PAGE numbers and not on XROM idZ s I left them unchanged as in the original HEPAX e PGSUM does the same as SUMPG seen in the IOPGZ launcher section but using a simpler prompting approach for the input In program mode PGSUM will take the page number from X Its mission is to calculate the Checksum byte and to write it in the last word of the page and that it does very nicely And nothing better than using the next function to verify the result ROMCHKX will check the ROM which XROM id is in X for the correct checksum byte value The
62. PowerCL Module Revision 4N HNERLL EXI Module System Extensions for the 41CL Revision O2 User s Manual and QRG FCAT XEO1 CHILI a ALPHS LEFTS ASUB LOWS RIGHTS 123 f I s PLUGS TONTE l VEQ LP BANED BUSED OPG ROMLST XFAT XROM z EREE CHKSYS OSREV OFF XFAT XQ1 X ALPS ras o g um um LLELL TURBOX YSWAP Y BRENT YPOKE Written and Programmed by Angel M Martin November 2014 c Angel M Martin Page 1 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N This compilation revision 4 W 10 9 Copyright O 2012 2014 ngel Martin Published under the GNU software licence agreement Original authors retain all copyrights and should be mentioned in writing by any part utilizing this material No commercial usage of any kind is allowed Screen captures taken from V41 Windows based emulator developed by Warren Furlow See www hp41 org CLWRITE Source Code written by Raymond Wiker Cover and inside graphic from Personal Brain 7 1 see http www thebrain com Inside photos O Geoff Quickfall J rgen Keller 2011 Acknowledgments This manual and the POWERCL module would obviously not exist without the 41CL Many thanks to Monte Dalrymple for creating the amazing CL board Everlasting thanks to the original developers of the HEPAX and CCD Modules real landmark and seminal references for the serious MCODER and the 41 syst
63. T keycode 130 3 ABAC 222 C C 1 gPT keycode 230 y ABAD 366 A C S amp X 35 ABAE 173 JNC 46d o 66 CLUB ABAF 222 C C 1 PT keycode 330 57 CLUB ABBO 366 ARC S amp X 68 CLUB ABB1 163 JNC 44d PR 0 0 B 69 CLLIB ABB2 130 DI S 70 CLUB A amp B3 040 71 CLLIB ABBA PAHC 72 CLUB ABB5 14B 8 JNC 41d Ql 73 CLUB ABBE 222 C C 1 PT keycode 140 74 ABB 366 A C S amp X 75 CLLIB ABBB 13B JNC 39d R 6 ABBS 222 C C 1 PT keycode 240 77 CLUB ABBA 366 A C S amp X 78 ABBB 12B JNC 37d S i ABBC 722 C C 1 PT keycode 340 80 CLUB ABBD 366 A C S amp X 8 ABBE 11B JNC 35d mo B 82 CLUB ABBF 430 LDIS 85 ABCO 7050 CON 84 ABC1 5 I 85 CLUB ABC2 103 JNC 32d u 86 CLUB ABC3 222 C C 1 PT keycode 150 87 CLLIB ABCA 366 PARC S amp X 88 CLLIB ABC5 OF3 JNC 30d Iv ABDG 06 CLLIB ae 107 CLUB k8D LTT 108 CLUB GDS C O M LLLI 109 CLLIB ASRS sra cca mT 110 CLUB mo ae 2ra ccoin lt ii 111 CLLIB JO ABDC 27A C C3M N 112 CLLIB P aoo 27A C cam HN 113 CLLIB a A6DE 27A C C34M 114 CLUB IR A6DF 27A C C3M lt 115 CLLIB S A6E0 237A C CJdM lt I 116 CLLIB I A6E1 274 C C AM HUI 117 CLUB IU A6E2 27A C CAM 118 CLLIB V A6E3 27A C C M 119 CLUB IW ABE4 27A C C M 120 CLLIB Dg MES WA CCAM lt l
64. TST only restores the key mappings in registers 10 and 15 e but it doesn t have anything to do with the actual KA registers in the I O area Make sure you use SAVEKA and GETKA instead for this need or the key assignments will be scrambled See the KA utilities section SAVEZS and GETZS are really buffer functions in disguise thus a good segue way to the next section Use them to store and recall the Complex stack to from an Extended Memory file This includes the five complex registers Z W U V and LastZ plus the buffer header and control registers thus the file size is always 12 Refer to the 41Z manual for details if interested The file type used is 8 which is recognized by the CAT 4 implementation in the AMCOS X as type Z how could it be otherwise ZS5THEUCK LO Ig USER RAD 01 Note For the Z Stack you can also use SAVEBF and GETBF with a buffer id 8 input in X see next section but the resulting XM file will have a generic type B as opposed to the specific for the Complex Stack e Last in this section are well known amongst all HP41 users PEEKR and POKER PEEKR can be compared to the RCL function however it is now possible to read the contents of any register and without normalization into the X register This removed one of the main problems of synthetic programming The address of the register to be read is entered as absolute address in to X As when using RCL IND X the stack registers are li
65. The process can be divided into four distinct parts 1 First copying the HEPAX RAM template from Flash into the appropriate number of SRAM blocks as many times as needed depending on the choice 2 Followed by mapping those SRAM blocks to the 41 ports using the MMU 3 Configuring the Hepax FileSystem using HEPINI so that they are enabled for the HEPAX ROM to use 4 Besides that the functions will also map the HEPX ROM image to the page preceding the first HRAM block as shown in the table on next page They will first present a confirmation prompt as a precaution to avoid overwriting existing HRAM blocks Only Y N input is allowed at this point If Yes they ll prompt for the first page to locate the HRAM blocks in hexadecimal format Allowed entries for each case are shown in the prompt Inputs other than those will simply be ignored and the prompt will be maintained IDEM ib d aC MERC or WC MCN or di E S c ngel M Martin Page 33 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N You must be fully aware that the previous MMU mapping to those ports will be overwritten The exception being the YFNS ROM itself as the functions will check whether it is currently mapped to any page within the affected range aborting if that s the case A nice built in protection that avoids getting in trouble WARNING Obviously these functions are not to be used frequently s nce each execution will wipe off the exi
66. The user needs not to be concerned with all this power and simply use it seamlessly The PowerCL Overlay To facilitate using the different functions their launchers have been arranged taking the first letter of the name as the designated key to invoke and execute them This is easier to remember than other approaches even if those hot keys are not grouped together in contiguous locations like say the two top keys An overlay is therefore just an additional convenience more than a necessity but here it is in case you fancy those over the prompting cues The overlay shows all functions available at the prompt with only one key assignment required OFF XFAT XQ1 XQ2 L4 4 BFCAT PGCAT HEPX IMDB YEDIT XXEQ CLLIB MMU UCAT EXIT BFREE BANKED XQ XRM 5 m n IE e Function names on dark grey background keys with red circle around them represent the main launchers Each of them will present further options in its prompt as will be described later in the manual e Function names on standard black background are available as individual options due to their frequent need for a power user Some of them are also included in the launcher prompts for additional convenience c ngel M Martin Page 7 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Plugging the POWER CL module Being a bank switched module there are four 4k blocks involved all four banks need to be loaded using the ap
67. U GW N O Co CO N CQ Co Qo Oo NOAA aJa lajala o 0 Uu o m FR E O 4 S C S A Q S A S MROaAAAAAAAAAAA A AAA AAA SCOAON DAA WMA FOOAN DA AWD D x o av c ngel M Martin Page 99 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix 1 Detailed ROM id table in alphabetical order The table below lists all modules included in the CL Library sorted alphabetically by CL ID mnemonic 1 441Z 8k Lib 4 based 41Z Math Angel Martin 2 4ALP 4k Alpha 44 Utilities ngel Martin 3 4AOX 4k AMC_OS X 4L Extensions ngel Martin 4 4DIG 4k Lib 4 41Z Diagnostics Math ngel Martin 5 4LIB 4k Library 4 Extensions ngel Martin 6 4MTR 4k Lib 4 Matrix ROM Math ngel Martin 7 4PLY 4k Lib4 4 Polynomial ROM Math Angel Martin 8 4RAM 4k RamPage 4L Utilities ngel Martin 9 4SM4 16k Lib4 SandMath 2x2 Math Angel Martin 10 4SMT 8k SandMath_44 Math Angel Martin 11 ATBX 4k ToolBox 4L Utilities ngel Martin 12 AUTL 4k CL Utils 4H Extensions ngel Martin 13 A41iP 12k Advantage Pac Math HP Co 14 AADV 4k Advantage Applications Science J F Garnier 15 ADV1 16k Adventure 1 Games ngel Martin 16 ADV2 12k Adventure 2 Games ngel Martin 17 AEC3 8K AECROM 13 digit Engineering Angel Martin 18 AECR 8k AECROM Engineering Red Shift 19 AFDE 8k AFDC1 Engineering GunZen 20 AFDF 8k AFDC2 Engineering GunZen 21 AFIN 4k Auto Finance Financial GMAC 22 ALGG 8k Algebra ROM Mat
68. VI 64 DIFF 65 DIGT 66 DIIL 67 DMND 68 DYRK 69 E41S 70 EENG 71 EILP 72 EPRH 73 EPRM 74 ESML 75 ETI3 76 ETIA 77 ETI5 78 EXIO 79 EXTI 80 FACC 81 FAIR 82 FDYN 83 FFEE 84 FINA 85 FRTH 86 FUNS 87 GAME 88 GEOM 89 GMAS 90 GMAT 91 GMTY 92 HCMP 93 HEPR 94 HEPX 95 HMTH 96 HOME 97 HVAC 98 I CDO 99 ICEB 100 IDC1 101 IDC2 4K 4k Clinical Lab Pac CL Utilities CMT 10 Eprom Test CMT 200 ROM CMT 300 ROM Control Systems Curve Fitting Module Cv Pack ROM DisAssembler 4C Data Acquisition Pac DisAssembler 4D David Assembler 2C 41 System Demo Module HP IL Devil 2 HP IL Development DIFFEQ ROM DigitPac ROM HP IL Diagnostics Diamond ROM Dyerka ROM ES41 Module Electrical Eng Extended IL ML Eprom 1H MM Eprom ES MLDL 7B ETSII 3 ETSII 4 ETSII 5 Extended I O Module Extended IL ROM 300889 FACC Gear Design Module Fluid Dynamics Solutions For Fee Financial Pac FORTH Module Fun Stuff Module Games Pac Geometry Auto Fiance 2 Module Auto Fiance 3 Module Geometry 2011 HydraComp ROM HEPAX RAM Template HEPAX Module High Level Math Home Management Pac Heatinv Vent amp AirCon Icode ROM ICE Box ML ICD BG UG IDC Engineering Utilities Extensions Extensions Extensions Engineering Math Engineering Extensions Extensions Extensions Extensions Extensions Extensions Extensions Math Engineering Extensions Financial Utilities Extensions Engineering Extens
69. YTIC MAGNETIC X INDUCTANCE MAGNETIC ACTIVITY FLUX j NC FLUX DENSITY Q s 7 Vj Velt Qu CE os ELECTROMOTIVE CHARGE E ELECTRIC CURRENT FORCE dene K farad CAI ohm V A siemens n kelvin Ea Cotsius F a THERNODTRAMIC e CELSIUS CAPACITANCE RESISTANCE CONDUCTANCE MPERATURE TEMPERATURE C TK 273 15 candela lux ix m m lumen O adian ar m m en nh CURRIES EET ILLUMINANCE LUMINOUS SOLID ANGLE PLANE ANGLE FLUX c Angel M Martin Page 95 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Farewell And with this you ve reached the end of the POWERCL EXT manual I hope these few pages have proven useful to you in your quest to become familiar with its capabilities and whet your appetite for even more to come The 41CL is an innovative development nothing short of incredible with amazing possibilities that open the door to yet new tricks on the HP 41 platform all this still happening 33 years after the original 41 was launched Wow that s what I call an achievement Before and after 33 years separate these boards Photo Steve Leibson c May 2011 c ngel M Martin Page 96 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendices c ngel M Martin Page 97 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix 0 Summary of DXA Function launching functionality There are several function launchers in the POWERCL We ve also seen that they show very
70. ample the sequence PLUG SHIFT G 4 will unplug your Library 4 rendering the PWRCL EXT useless and potentially locking up your calculator At that point you d need to plug it back using YPOKE or the YFNX function PLUG but not the PWRCL EXT launcher PLUG Z The graphic below summarizes the PLUG LOCK functionality note also the relationships with the other sibling launchers on the right its parent main launcher and the related functions on the left BAD P HEPAX MERC A LOB RE No Zt STRS ES Min TURBO IOBUS PLUG P XCAT i ROMLIB m 7 pexxa MU YMEM LOCK x PLUGG LOCK UNLOCK PLUG UPLGS PLUG4 UPLG4 PLUGG UPLGG Refer to section 3 3 3 starting on page 37 for further discussions of the page plug unplug functions including a few examples of utilization Warning Remember that plugging a module into the wrong port location can create minor issues or major havoc if you re overwriting some part of the machine s configuration A good example is overwriting YFNX itself or a HEPAX RAM block Always make sure the destination is safe using PGCAT the standard CAT2 or better yet the CCD CAT 2 c ngel M Martin Page 18 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N LASTF The Last Function at last The latest release of the PowerCL module includes support for the LASTF functionali
71. aracterSet Showsthecompleteset ChrisL Dennis Is Alpha Empty YES NO test function Doug Wilder Display Test Source PPC V18 N8 p14 Chris L Dennis e AINT appends the integer part of the number in X to ALPHA Perfect to append indexes and counter values without having to change the display settings FIX 0 CF 29 e ALEFTJ left justifies ALPHA by writing as many space characters as required until the total length is 24 e ANUMDEL works like ANUM but also deletes the number found and placed in X e APPEND is equivalent to using the append functionality manually i e pressing ALPHA and keys More interestingly in a program it will prompt the existing ALPHA contents for the user to continue entering more Similar to PMTA but the initial string will remain e AREV will reverse the string in ALPHA turning it into its mirror image For instance DEM DINI e ASWAP swaps the strings at the left and right of the comma character Very handy for X Functions data input Does nothing if comma is not there For example HEUS eee ee e CHRSET will show all characters included in the character set of the machine There are 128 characters in total scrolled from right to left in groups of 12 Pressing any key will speed up the process but the execution won t stop until they re all shown The screen below shows the enumeration mid stream c Angel M Martin Page 64 of 113 November 2014
72. are not used inappropriately o They are feedback messages shown during the execution indicating which type of instructions are being compiled 2 Byte GOTO s and 3 Byte GOTO XEQ s o When the work is done the message READY is shown to inform the user that the execution is completed Alternatively if a label is missing the execution stops with the program pointer set at the GTO XEQ statement and a working message is shown e CSST Sequentially displays the program steps of the program pointed at by the Program Counter PC It s equivalent to using the SST key multiple times and thus its name The delay between lines shown can be adjusted by pressing any keyboard key see the original article in PPCJV9N7 p49 for further details To use it position first the PC at the target location using GTO or similar Note that it won t list PRIVATE programs And last and probably also least for many not interested in computer science let s mention the digital bit manipulation functions as present in the 56BIT section of the auxiliary FAT The table below lists the functions which operate on the complete 56 bit register as word size no sophistication here like in the CCD Module Fi Function Descriptic Author MMP ses Compement mode Tris Fere 2CMP Sets2 Complement mde FritsFerwerda XORY Logical OR of values in X and Y Result left in X Gordon Pegue RXR Rotate right 56 bit field in X one digit 4 bits
73. at makes the 41 much more than just a calculator Engineering Science Finance System Extensions Games Utilities Math As you can see these groupings are somewhat loosely defined yet it s simple and intuitive enough to have a good handle on the categories which is the main objective for the searches Also there s no distinction between HP made or 3 Party modules in this scheme The A Z prompt entry in CLLIB is a refinement of the same idea it provides a handy shortcut to start your search in the appropriate section so there s no need to review all the preceding ones which can be very lengthy considering the sheer number of them even if you used ENTER to skip sections The implementation is quite nice even if it s the author who says it have a look at the POWERCL Blueprint if you re curious about the MCODE implementation details If the section doesn t have any ROM id starting with such letter which currently only occurs with the W letter the message NO MATCH will be shown Non alphabetical keys are not valid entries for CLLIB and will cause the display to just blink and maintain the prompt Lastly selecting X will list the general purpose placeholders refer to the CL manual for details on those c ngel M Martin Page 31 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The enumeration output includes three pieces of information as follows 1 The ROM ID name entry use
74. ating that this functions doubles as a test function as well and therefore it ll skip one line in a program in this case e PGSIG will retrieve the signature string of the ROM plugged in the page entered at the prompt in Hex format or in the X register in Decimal if used in a program If no ROM is plugged it ll return four characters input prompt represents a blank signature value e SIGPG Is the inverse function it ll return the page where the ROM with signature input in ALPHA is plugged returning NO MATCH if no matching string is found e SUMPG prompts for the page number in Hex in a fancy manner with alternating texts as shown below that alone covered its admission price Its mission is to calculate the Checksum byte and to write it in the last word of the page and that it ll do very nicely e PGCAT was described before in the CATALOGS section See below the printout output using JF Garnier s PIL Box and the ILPER PC program showing a nice traceability of the pressed keys ECL XCAT 9 TOOLBOX 4 PGCAT A SNDMTH 2X2 3 EXT FCN 2D B HL MATH 4 LIBRARY 4 C NO ROM 5 TIME 2C D AMC OS X 6 PRINTER 2E E POWERCL 3X 8 YFNP 1C F NO ROM c ngel M Martin Page 62 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 4 ALPHH STRINGS String Manipulation and Alpha Display functions The sub function groups implemented in auxiliary FATs is a great concept short from being perfe
75. bank huge chunks of code used sequentially and independently from the rest of the module with tables and hard coded values to be read The idea was very appealing as it removes the need to have the Unit Conversion module loaded and saves one block for other uses two big scores in one It also provided the opportunity to write a Constants Library a a 33S or 35S sorely missing even in the UMS module So chances are you ll never use it but even then because they re all tucked away in a secondary bank it s not adding any burden to your system configuration or compromising the available resources And if you use it well I think you ll be pleased with the end result Can anyone ask for more Direct Unit Conversion FROM TO in Alpha HP Co A Martin Swaps Alpha and Regs Alpha lt gt Regs A Martin KLIB Constant Library 4 line ups w 5 each Inverse Unit Conversion TO FROM in Alpha HP Co A Martin Swaps Registers Stack Reg UNIT Catalog Prompts for Type P Platzer A Martin The main conversion functions are obviously SI and SI where the hyphen sign indicates the direction of the conversion to from the International System of units Systeme Internationale in French or in mixed specifications in the from to unit string The auxiliary functions A lt gt RG and ST lt gt RG as added for convenience Use then to save complete ALPHA unit strings in consecutive data registers as well as making temporary back ups of t
76. base c ngel M Martin Page 83 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 7 Extra Functions Miscellaneous Con t Well yes there is more The table below lists the remaining of miscellaneous functions in the secondary FATs still excluding the HEPAXA2 and 56BITS groups The underlying idea is to have the most complete function set always available within in those bank switched pages of the POWERCL so that there s no need to PLUG other modules or at least to do it as less frequently as possible A careful selection of candidates should have screened the less useful functions although of course that s always a subjective view What follows are the brief descriptions of the functions grouped them by functionality area Starting with the system information group CRTN Curtain location Ken Emer DREG of Data Registers Set DSP of Decimal Digits Set Angel Martin of Free Registers Stat RGs location e CRTN Returns to X the absolute address of the curtain i e separation between program and data registers No input value is required The general equation is Total Registers Data Regs Program Regs where TotalRegs 512 on the CV and CX models e DREG Is another SIZE finder slightly faster than the native version SIZE e FREG Returns to X the number of available free program registers in Main Memory No input value is required e DSP is used to return the number of de
77. be purged that is the KA registers and ALL buffers e Saving and getting KA in from Extended Memory with SAVEKA GETKA and MRGKA also expects the FileName in Alpha GETKA will completely replace the existing key assignments with those contained in the file whilst MRGKA will merge them respecting the unused keys so only the overlapping ones will be replaced Same error handing is active to avoid file duplication or overwrites Like their Buffer counterparts they will check for available memory showing NO ROOM when there isn t enough for the retrieval e LKOFF and LKON are meant to be used together to temporarily suspend the local key assignments on keys A J so that it doesn t interfere with local program labels These functions only modify the key mappings in status registers 10 and 15 e not altering the actual KA registers e KAPCK will pack the KA registers compacting the voids blanks left behind when un assigning individual function keys The diagram below shows that each KA register can hold up to four key assignments two nybbles for the key code and two for the function id It also shows that they always have OxFF in nybbles 13 and 12 which explains why 15 is not available for buffer id KJY C D K Y C D K Y C D ju n o so i 3 2 1 0 e KALNG returns the number of registers used in the I O area for key assignments So you could use it before and after calling KAPCK to see the effect of the packing
78. ble below lists the launchers by function groups Index Function Warnings Description 1 O Z 2 mmu Ligh Prompts for options to manage the MMU configuration 3 TURBO None Prompts for CPU speed values plus TURBO ef mS Light f Prompts for menu of choices including pg 4 options Calls the corresponding IMDB function H6 HEPX Configuration loading for HEPAXset ups 8 YMEM_ Calls the corresponding Expanded Memory function 9 XXEQ _ None Extended Execution Launcher for both FAT1 and FATA 10 IOBUS None T O Bus info and control Has two screens String and ALPHA Manipulation Has two screens 12 p None Launcher of Launchers gt invokes any ofthe above si Once you assign to any key that alone will give you access to more than 150 functions from that single key an effective way to make it compatible with other existing key assignments saving memory KA registers and time So go ahead and get comfortable with that arrangement as your standard baseline c Angel M Martin Page 15 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Launchers IOBUS and STR were added in revision J Each of them has two pages you can use the SHIFT key to toggle between them STR is triggered by the key whereas IOBUS is triggered by the SHIFT key use those hot keys to access them from any ot
79. but it s much better to make sure that s the case by making a copy on the fly and plugging it to the MMU under program control Such copy goes to RAM block 0x805 the Y Buffer area overwriting anything you may have in there previously This is especially relevant when using the RAM copy of the IMDB so make sure that s not the case e Note that POWERCL module may reside in Flash during the process even if the FOCAL program calls upon YFWR as the from RAM only restriction only applies to YFNS e Finally after the backup copy is made YWALL resets the MMU settings plugging the flash copy of YFNX back in Note that these functions make no assumption on which page YFNX is initially plugged in and will restore it to the same page after completion This means it s compatible with any MMU port setting for YFNS at least one thing not to worry about The FOCAL code used by the function is shown in next page There is also a check done in MCODE looking for the strings OK or OKALL to be present in Alpha If neither is there the execution will end with NOT OK as a protection against accidental usage OK will get the Calculator content backed up whilst OKALL will also include the MMU entries into Flash Note that only the corresponding 4k blocks will be erased but not the whole 32k sector Should any of those default settings clash with your system setup I d suggest you change it to match them as the easiest way to go around the
80. c buffer id but only one buffer id can exists in the I O RAM area at a time GETBF CRBUF and RESZBF will check for available memory showing NO ROOM when there isn t enough room in main RAM to proceed c ngel M Martin Page 75 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 3 Key Assignment Utilities The table below shows the Key Assignments related functions Typically no inputs are required no need to identify the buffer type in this case with a few of exceptions Multi byte ASN Supports synthetics Frits Ferwerda ETT Gets KA from File FileName in Alpha Hakan Th rngren KACLR_ Clears KA Bufefrs OK OKALL in Alpha KALNG KA Length Hajo David KAPCK____ Packs KA Area Noinputs Hajo David MRGKA_ Merge KA to File FileNameinAlpha H kan Th rngren e ASG is another example of first class MCODE programming imagine being able to directly input multi byte functions even with synthetics support into the ASN prompt so to assign LBL IND e or RCL M to a key not using key codes or byte tables Well no need to imagine it just use ASG instead This function is taken from the MLROM and it resides completely in the Page 4 Library with only the FAT entry in the POWERCL calling it You re encouraged to refer to the MLROM documentation for further details e KACLR expects a confirmation string in Alpha With OK only the KA will be erased and with OKALL the complete IO area will
81. casing both the UMS extensions and the author s background e Constants are presented in the display as line up menus with 4 groups of 5 entries each e In RUN mode the selection is made using the top row keys with the SST key used to navigate between the four line up screens Flag annunciators 1 4 indicate the current screen so you know where you are e In PRGM mode the selection is made by adding an index number after KLIB using the non merged functions technique two program lines in total for the complete information not disrupting the stack Note that the function will not offer selection screens in this case e The constant value is placed in the X register stack is lifted and its units are written in Alpha ready for any unit conversion activity The figure above shows the four line ups available in KLIB to select the constant from the library Note the flag annunciator indicating the one currently selected c ngel M Martin Page 88 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Because of the limited capabilities of the HP41 display some of the symbols used to represent the constants differ from the standard notation Slightly improved notation is possible using the lower case letters available in the halfnut character set but I have used the standard fullnut character set for compatibility with all 41 models and the CL specially KLIB follows the same model available in newer calculators lik
82. cimal places currently selected in the display This is independent from the decimal mode FIX SCI or ENG e ERG Returns the current location of the Statistical Registers i e those used by the Statistical functions to accumulate the data pairs Basically it s identical to the CX function XREG READF Reads Data File from IL Disk FileName in ALPHA R del Tondo WRTDF Writes Data File to Disk Disk FileName in ALPHA R del Tondo HP IL Disk File Size Disk FileName in ALPHA Dutch PPC members CVIEW Non stop AVIEW Text in ALPHA Frits Ferwerda e FSIZE Returns to X the length in registers of the primary mass storage file which name is specified in Alpha If no HP IL is present on the system an error message will be shown e READF and WRTDF are used to read and write individual DATA files between the IL Drive and XMEM They are slightly more complicated to use than other file types like GETAS and SAVEAS do for ASCII file types because the Data file must be previously created in the destination Remember also that READXM and WRTXM operate on the whole XMEM contents not on individual files See their description paragraphs above c ngel M Martin Page 84 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N DGT Mantissa Digits sum Angel Martin VMANT Views Full mantissa Swaps Stack and StatRG Nelson C Crowle Swaps INDirect X lt gt Y Nelson C Crowle e XDGT is a divertimento utility that calculates the sum of all
83. configure the chain if they already contain data and are part of the FileSystem Note Using the prompt D in the HEPX function launcher will invoke the HEPDIR function from the HEPAX ROM which obviously is expected to be mapped to the MMU or physically plugged to the CL for this to work c Angel M Martin Page 36 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 3 3 Page Plug functions PLUGG _ PLUG page by prompt Prompts for page 6 F 4k ROMS onl PIGGZA PLUG page 4 Prompts for ROM F L S Take Over ROMS PLUGG _ Get plugged ID Prompts for page 6 F Cc UPLGG Prompts for page 6 F 4k ROMS onl Teen ROM by Alpha ROM Signature in ALPHA As mentioned before the HEPAX configuration functions also take care of plugging the HEPAX ROM into the appropriate page This is accomplished by a single function using a parameter to define the page address This function is PLUGG or Plug Page LOCK 2LOCK PLUG 3PLUGG Is UNLOCK UPLGS uP LG4 PPG 4 UPLGG The unplugging action is performed by the reverse function UPLGG Both functions expect the page in the X register when used in PRGM mode In manual RUN mode it presents a prompt to input the destination page As before pressing SHIFT will toggle between PLUGG and UPLGG all interconnected for quick changes and convenience sake 9PLUGG 2LOCK LOCK PLUG PLUGG gt PPGHA UNLOCK UPLG UPLG4
84. ct in all but one component they cannot be assigned and thus a full function spelling must be done to invoke them This can become a nuisance for those sub functions used frequently and having them available in a dedicated launcher can be a blessing This is exactly the situation with the STR ALP launchers conveniently accessible simply pressing the key at the main launcher prompt This can be seen in the diagram below note the related items on the left side MDE N Ne MMUs __ TURBO or XCA e XXEQ XE aie YBUF and the associated doppelganger ANUMDL DIST AREV ADEL ASWAP RADEL c ngel M Martin Page 63 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Think of them as ALPHA Launchers governed with the A key Pressing again will toggle to the execution of the main CL prompt 4 1 The ALPHA Functions section This is now a much extended set of functions compared to previous revisions Some are clearly related with one another and a few of them are symmetrical complements to existing functions in the native set Let s see them individually with the detail they deserve A RG Swap Alpha and Regs 1 RG in prompt Ken Emery original C R In TANUM with Deletion Gets number tox HPCo Append Text TurmnsALPHAinputon Doug Wilder Alpha Reverse Mirror image of text Frans de Vries Around the char Alpha Swap _ Ch
85. ction for base conversions where in RUN mode you input the destination base The result is show in the display and also left in ALPHA Note that the original argument decimal value is left in X unaltered so you can use T BS repeated times changing the base to see the results in multiple bases without having to re enter the decimal value T gt BS is programmable In PRGM mode the prompt is ignored and the base is expected to be in the Y register Obviously using zero or one for the base will result in DATA ERROR The prompt can be filled using the two top keys as shortcuts from 1 to 10 A J or the numeric keys 0 9 The maximum base allowed is 36 and the SASE gt 36 error message will be shown it that s exceeded note that larger bases would require characters beyond Z ee ic ES BASEs 35 USER RAD 12 4 USER RAD O12 4 The maximum decimal value to convert depends on the destination base since besides the math numeric factors it s also a function of the Alpha characters available up to Z and the number of them length in the display 12 For b 16 the maximum is 9999 EO or 0x91812D7D600 T gt BS is an enhanced version of the original function included in Ken Emery s book MCODE for Beginners The author added the PRGM compatible prompting as well as some display trickery to eliminate the visual noise of the original implementation Also provision for the case x 0 was added trivially returning the character 0 for any
86. d by the CL in the PLUGxx functions 2 Its size either single or multi page modules and 3 The type it belongs to according to the classification explained above Like it was the case for BFCAT these two functions fully support the printer TRACE NORM modes generating a complete printout record of the ROM enumeration for your convenience See appendixes for a complete listing of the module database and the example below listing just the Finance and Games modules taken as a direct cut amp paste from the output using the USB 41 module USB 82143A At any given time the automatic enumeration can be stopped using R S and continued manually in single step mode using SST either forwards or backwards controlled by the SHIFT key yet the entry will only be printed going forwards to eliminate redundancy Finally the hotkeys A and P will copy just the ROM CL ID text into Alpha without the size type details so it s ready to be used by any PLUG function c ngel M Martin Page 32 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N gi HEPHX A SELURITY 2 3 1 Configuring the HEPAX system 4k RAM HEPAX Setup Prompts for HRAM Page ROM into previous 8k RAM HEPAX Setup Prompts for HRAM page range ROM into previous 16k RAM HEPAX Setup Prompts for HRAM page range ROM into previous These three functions will prepare the CL to hold a properly configured HEPAX file system starting from the scratch
87. displayed But not so anymore Meet FCAT1 and FCAT2 the sub functions CATALOG facility that will allow you do exactly that To invoke it you can use its name in the XQ1 or XQ2 ALPHA prompts or its index in the numeric prompts XFAT 01 amp XFAT O2 _ No doubt you surely have noticed or are about to that the sub functions are arranged in alphabetical order all except FCATn which is placed at the bottom of each list Besides the first function the section header can also be used to trigger FCATn so that you dont really need to know their respective indices which happen to be 89 in FAT 1 and 86 in FAT 2 and can use 00 in both cases as an enhanced usability shortcut The following hot keys are available R S to stop resume the sequential enumeration SST BST to single step forward or backwards while in manual mode ENTER to jump to the next previous section within the catalog XEQ to execute the function being displayed now supports LASTF SHIFT to flag the forwards backwards direction Back arrow will terminate the enumeration and ON to power the calculator OFF c ngel M Martin Page 23 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N This is almost identical in form and feature to the CCD approach for the system CATalogs all except the A hot key for the assignment It should be noted that sub functions cannot be assigned to a key on the keyboard and ther
88. e other banks in bank switched modules like the HEPAX Advantage Timer or POWER CL itself Certainly not a big deal in the 90 of the cases and sure enough well worth the admission price Note The other missing functionality is the ability to do live editing of polling points and other OS controlled hot addresses which the HEPAX manages by preventing the calculator from going into light sleep definitely hardly used in the 99 9 of the cases The screenshots below show editing of the Library 4 contents on the fly a real godsend for MCODERS to quickly test small code changes without having to re compile rebuild the ROM images ROMED uses the partial key entry technique more gentle on the battery drain requirements and incidentally also the reason why it cannot be located on bank 2 as a technical detail Final remark The original ROMED is available in the DISASM module under the name WROM and RAMED is also included in the RAMPAGE module named RAMEDIT there Thanks to its gigantic module image library there s certainly no shortage of modules to use on the CL but having all these functions included in a lean 4k footprint ROM is very advantageous from the usability and compatibility standpoints eliminating the need to alter the system configuration to access another module containing the desired function c ngel M Martin Page 51 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N RAMED and ROMED Overlay
89. e enumeration can be stalled pressing any key other than R S or ON but the individual functions won t be listed Page 5 in the other models C CV The listing will be printed if a printer is connected and user flag 15 is enabled Non empty pages will show the first function in the FAT or NO FAT if such is the case Empty pages will show the NO ROM message next to their number Blank RAM pages will also show NO FAT indicating their RAM in ROM character No input values are necessary This function doesn t have a manual mode using R S but the displaying sequence will be halted while any key other than R S or ON is being depressed resuming its normal speed when it s released again See below the printout outputs from both BFCAT and PGCAT using J F Garnier s PIL Box and the ILPER PC program showing a nice traceability of the pressed keys D AHP 41 Hardwar Mass Storage LIF file D 4 HP 41 Hardwe We ll encounter this function again as part of the IOBUS IOPGZ function launchers later in the manual c ngel M Martin Page 29 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 2 4 A wealth of a Library with two access modes o XCAT 25 ROMLIB _ ROM Library by type Prompts for type E F G M S U X Has Hotkeys CLLIB CL Library by name Prompts for A Z Has Hotkeys P Invokes PLUG _ ee MNMMMNMNMENMMN A Copiesid shown to Alpha o 1 1 1
90. e start up process Function UNSECR deactivates the security by clearing the protection flag Function XPASS allows the user to change the password from the default one to his her favorite one The length of the password is limited to six 6 characters WN d Enter code up to 6 chrs long and end with R S Inputting the password is very simple but very unforgiving as well at the prompt PASSWORD just type the letters one by one until completing the word and you re done If you make a mistake the machine will switch itself off and it ll be groundhog day all over gain until you get it right Each keystroke will be acknowledged by a short tone but no change to the display so nothing like Wee as you type the word If the wrong letter is entered a lower pitch sound will be heard and the calculator will go to sleep Be especially careful when entering a new password code as there is no repeat input to confirm the entry so whatever key combination you type will be taken when ending the sequence with R S The initial password factory default so to speak is CACA NEM COBE USER d Enter code up to 6 chrs long and end with R S Here again it comes without saying that this will only work when the PWRCL Ext module is mapped to a SRAM block in the MMU otherwise none of the ROM writing will work Note this is how you d get yourself out of trouble if somehow you forgot the right code call YR
91. e the 33S and the 35S so chances are that you re probably already familiar with it Use the SST key to navigate to the next menu screen from 1 to 4 repeated in sequential way no backwards choice The appropriate flag indicator 1 2 3 4 will tell the current screen shown so you ll know where you are Use the BackArrow key to cancel out and no constant will be selected There is no visual feedback when you choose the constant using keys A E its value and units will be directly entered in the X and ALPHA registers or the action cancelled showing NULL if you hold the key depressed for a while The constants included their values and appropriate units in which they are expressed are listed in the following table note the first column with the index for PRGM operation EMEN HEN MEE TN Electron Charge 1 6021764 E 19 Electron Mass 9 1093821 E 31 Speed of Light 2 9979245 E 08 M S Proton s Mass 1 6726216 E 27 KG Free fall Acceleration 9 8066500 E 00 M S2 acuum Permitivity 8 8541878 E 12 FD M acuum Permeability 1 2566370 E 06 N A2 Gravity Constant 6 6742800 E 11 N M2 KG Avogadro s Number 6 0221417 E 23 1 MOL 8 314472150 J K MOL 4 359748226 E 18 J Stefan Boltzmann 5 6705119 E 8 W M2 K4 Boltzmann s Constant 1 3806504 E 23 J K acuum impedance 376 7303134 OHM Planck s constant 6 6260689 E 34 J S Magnetic flux quantum 2 0678336 15 WB Bohr Radius 5 2917720 11 M Atomic mass unit 1 6605387 27 KG Conductance quantum 77 480916
92. ed 21 64 origin 56 POKER write them back 22 XEQ 00 swap block 57 LBLO merge code 23 EMHI first EM module 58 RDN locate addreses in X Y 24 AVIEW provide feedback 59 JE 25 SFOO larger block 60 Sm Z increase adr 1 26 513 origin 61 increase adr 2 21 XEQ 00 swap block 52 DSEM decrease counter 2B EM 2 second EM module 63 GTO 01 loop back if not done 29 AVIEW provide feedback BA DONE block is done 30 SF larger block B5 AVIEW 31 709 origin 66 END 32 LBLOO swap block 33 K amp M address to M always use MMCOPY before the first time 34 128 base size using MMSWAP to ensure proper status regs values 235 Oo FSC larger block The program below copies the main memory to the higher location for a backup or to prepare the destination for successive main memory swapping needs to prime the pump to make sure the second set is compatible with the OS Note you could also do the initial step copying the complete 4k block using YMCPY with the following string in ALPHA 8002801 This would be faster than MMCOPY but will not discriminate Main Memory from Extended one so both will be backed up Note this section is clearly superseded by the function set described in the YMEM launcher see section 4 1 pages 43 to 45 It has however some usefulness as it only requires OS X functions and thus can be used independently from the PowerCL itself c ngel M Martin Page 72 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4
93. ed in your CL notably POWERCL uses ROM id C and YFNS uses F so those two pages will have to be their id manually re issued to avoid any issues You can use ROMED or HEXEDIT for that HEPINI will check the validity of the entry for first page which is obviously related to the number of pages n chosen in the first prompt The first page must be greater than 8 and lower than 17 n Should that not be the case one of the following error messages will be produced uo HNEH USER RAD 01 Even if there is a considerable amount of error protection built in nothing will prevent you from using this function over non HEPRAM pages including YFNS itself Therefore exercise caution as always Example Say you have used HPX16 described above to configure 16k of HRAM that is pages C to F contain copies of the HEPAX RAM template You may want to use some pages for the FileSys and others to hold other ROM images and this done in a dynamic way Then the following options are available to configure the HEPAX File System with HEPINI N PGf Reut 3 Comment Page C Can extend upwards to C D C D E or C D E F Page D Can extend upwards to D E or D E F Page E Can extend upwards to E F Page F Pages C D Can extend upwards to C D E or C D E F Pages D E Can extend upwards to D E F Pages E F Pages C D E Can extend upwards to C D E F Pages D E F Pages C D E F moo C D E U O O Notice t
94. edure consists of writing a few control words into strategic locations within each HRAM page so that the HEPAX will recognize them as being part of its File System Those locations and byte values are shown in the table below Address Bytevalue Comments Two of the byte values shown in the table above located at addresses OxpFE9 and OxpFEFhave a different treatment they will be branded only if the previous content is zero They denote the initial c ngel M Martin Page 34 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N address in the page where the next file or program will be written using HSAVEP HCRFLAS and HCRFLD Their values will vary as more programs or content is written to the HRAM page thus should not be overwritten by HEPINI or else the HEPAX FileSys catalog will become corrupt This explains why HEPINI won t disturb the actual contents of the HRAM FileSystem so it can be used at any time provided that the entries used are compatible with the HRAM arrangement It is also possible to use them to configure only a subset of the available HRAM as long as such subset uses the lower pages An example will clarify this The maximum number of HRAM pages accepted by the function is 7 but typical HEPAX configurations have TWO pages Standard HEPAX 8k or FOUR Advanced HEPAX 16k The ROM id s are assigned using the same value as the page number be aware that this may conflict with other ROMS currently plugg
95. efore the absence of such an option Note also that the enumeration will be output to a printer when NORM TRACE is selected and a forwards enumeration is performed for a hard copy record of the listing Sections within the two sub FATs Each multi function group has a lot of sub functions Navigating the catalogs could be very tedious without the existence of sub sections within them and the capability to jump from section to section The sections underneath the sub FATs are listed below For FAT 1 YFNX NEW including the Expanded memory fncs plus more PAGE FNS including all page related and I O Bus function XTRA FNS with a long list of utilities and MCODE related functions 56 BITS with digital functions on the complete register size For FAT 2 PWREXT B3 with the Buffer and Extended Memory enhancements ALPHA DSP for the ALPHA and Display functions and HEPAXA2 including the functions from the HEPAX group plus some more Hotkey ENTER will toggle between the sections or the individual functions listing exactly the same as it works in the CCD style catalogs This makes it easier to navigate your way in such long lists considering that FAT 1 has 89 functions and FAT 2 87 and otherwise waiting for your target sub function to appear in the enumeration could be a relatively long wait Note The following shortcuts are the most convenient ways to access the sub CATalogs e Pressing ENTER at the prompt will invoke the sub
96. el M Martin Page 66 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e MID takes the substring from the middle of the text thus it requires two parameters to define it the number of characters to remove from the left is expected in Y and the substring length is expected in X For example type 2 ENTER 4 XQ2 MID eee MESE e PRESP and POSTSP remove the alpha characters to the right or to the left of the first blank space found leaving just what was before PRE or after it POST e ASUB replaces the character located in the zero based position entered in Y with the character which code is in the X register Only one character at a time will be replaced For example with 6 ENTER 85 XQ2 ASUB will change the text from the left to the right screens DNO ee ee Swaps around gt e ZOUT is a complex number display routine It uses the values in X and Y registers taken as real and imaginary parts of the complex Z which is presented in the display and ALPHA The imaginary unit is represented by J Values are used with the current number of decimal places set the number returned by DSP thus the display will scroll if the total length exceeds 12 characters If any of the parts is zero it ll be omitted from the representation pane em etse e ST lt gt A and A RG are simple register exchange routines that swap the contents of the Alpha registers that is M N O P with the stack registers X
97. elated function is YFNZ which returns the page number the YFNS is currently plugged in This can come very handy in your programs to avoid overwriting it with other modules as we ll see in the HEPAX configuration routines Note that YFNZ is located in Bank 3 thus requires XQ2 to launch Another related function is PLUGG It interrogates the MMU to find out which module is plugged into a given page entered in the prompt Note that it is programmable and that in program mode it will take the page from the X registers This is all page driven and not based on the port number There is no restriction in the input to the page number however the returned values for pages 0 1 2 3 and 5 don t quite have the same meaning PLUGG Also uses ADRID to decode the string returned by YPEEK which reads the MMU address mapping the corresponding page In the YFNZ case there s no need to look up in the ROM id table since we know what we re looking for just need to check all pages looking for that specific string c ngel M Martin Page 28 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 2 3 Page CATALOG PGCAT is taken from the HEPAX Module called BCAT there within the HEPAX sub functions group and written by Steen Petersen Bg c PGCAT enumerates the first function of each page starting with electronics PGCAT Lists the first function of every ROM block i e Page starting with Page 3 in the 41 CX or page 3 Th
98. elow can have up to 132 kB quite an impressive feat considering we re talking about a hand held calculator design from 1979 which although extended expanded and stretched to the limit really shows the versatility and solid engineering of the design Port Page Addresses Primary Bank Secondary Bank Bank 3 Bank 4 F ias Hepax RAM FOOO m Ee ae E E rop HEPAX 1D b1 HEPAX 1D b2 HEPAX 1D b3 HEPAX 1D b4 D DEF ADV Matrix B1 ADV Matrix B2 r D000 C ERU SandMatrix B1 Vector Calc B2 C000 BFFF NC AA OU alae B HL_Math B1 HL_Math B2 Solve amp Integ 2 DEM 3 KA AFFF D TN Pd T E l A SandMath B1 SandMath B2 AEC Solvers A000 9FFF i 9 9000 POWERCL B1 POWERCL B2 POWERCL B3 POWERCL B4 1 ee ee es I 8FFF 8 YFNP 1C 8000 7 7FFF 7 AMCOSX 4 AMCOSX4 B2 AECPROG B3 Bi 7000 AMoska AMCOS B AECPROG B3 6 oat PRINTER IR Printer b2 6000 FFF 5 2 CX FNS Bank 2 5000 4FFF 4 Library 4 CL Librar 4000 ry y FFF 3 CX FNS Bank 1 3000 NENNEN 2FFF 2 2000 i 1FFF 1000 NNUS OFFF 0 F OS ROM O 0000 c ngel M Martin Page 78 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e CLBG will clear the block between addresses bbbb nnnn given as a NNN placed in X which is used as input If the input is just one digit it ll delete the complete page Obviously will only work with RAM mapped pages Note that CLRAM in the HE
99. em overall With their products they pushed the design limits beyond the conventionally accepted making many other contributions pale by comparison c ngel M Martin Page 2 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N PUHNWEHLL EXT Module Table of Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 Preamble Fatter than FAT 5 1 2 Introduction 6 1 3 Page 4 Library and Bank Switching 6 1 4 The PowerCL Overlay 7 1 5 Plugging the POWER CL module 8 1 6 The Functions at a glance 9 2 The functions in detail 2 1 Function Launchers 15 2 2 Plugging and Unplugging 17 2 3 The Last Function 19 2 4 Extended XEQ 21 2 5 Sub function Groups and FATs 23 2 6 Catalogues and CATalogs 25 2 7 Buffer Catalog 26 2 8 Interrogating the MMU 28 2 9 Page Catalog 29 2 10 A wealth of a Library 30 3 HEPAX and Security 3 1 Configuring the HEPAX system 33 3 2 HEPAX chain alteration 36 3 3 Page Plug Functions 37 3 4 Using Module Info as input 39 3 5 Security Functions 41 3 6 X Encrypting RAM contents 42 4 Advanced Territory 4 1 Alternate memory blocks Expanded memory 43 4 2 Y Input and Y Reset 46 4 3 Image Database functions 47 4 4 Using Page 4 48 4 5 Editing RAM areas with RAMED 49 4 6 Editing ROM areas with ROMED 50 4 7 Quick amp Dirty SRAM Editor 52 4 8 Moving and Swapping MMU entries 53 4 9 Calculator Flash backup 54 4 10 Downloading ROM images 57 c Angel M Martin Page 3 of 113 November 2014
100. ep mode 27 user mode is active 52 program mode 28 radix mark 0 1 53 IL I O request 29 digit groupings shown 54 set during pause 0 no 1 yes 55 printer exists c ngel M Martin Page 81 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 6 Other Miscellaneous utilities The following functions perform housekeeping tasks and are included in the POWERCL for added convenience HEX Input i9 and amp F H kaenTh mgren HEXEnry i 9andAF Clifford Stern RO T J D Dodin _ CPU cycles per second No input Doug Wilder Base Ten to Base PromptsforBase Ken Emery NENNEN ae m M__ Rom function Launcher Prompts for values Clifford Stem XEQtoGO Drops one RTN Address Hakan Th mngren D NNNtoHEXstring NNNinX W amp WGmbH HEXstringto NNN Hex string in Alpha Ken Eme Some brief comments pertaining to each function follow e HEXKB is the well known HEXNTRY function published in Ken Emery s book MCODE for beginners and originally written by Clifford Stern For all purposes it supercedes CODE or CDE which is available in the AMC OS X module anyway e HEXIN does basically the same thing except that it uses the text in Alpha if any as prompt useful in programs Use Back Arrow to delete digits and R S to terminate the data entry You may be wondering how come this is a prompting function i
101. er to the Library z4 documentation for details WARNING PWRCL_EXT is designed to work paired with YFNX This is a mandatory requirement A word of caution As wise men remind us with power comes responsibility Indiscriminate usage of some of these functions can have unpleasant consequences ranging from unexpected results and easy to recover machine lock ups to more serious ones losing HEPAX data Functions have some built in protection to ensure that they re used properly but they are not absolutely foolproof in that such protection can always be circumvented So beware and as general rule f you dont understand something simply dont use it To assist you with this the more dangerous functions are marked with WARNING signs all throughout this manual Avoid them if you re not absolutely sure that you know what they are for and fully understand their operation Note that the flash back up functions are back in They were available in the CL UTILS module but were later removed in previous versions of the PowerCL Notice that the hard coded addresses used now are incompatible with V1 V2 revisions of the CL board They may be too risky for casual users so be forewarned And always follow the better safe than sorry rule It had to be said so now that we got it out of the way we re ready to dive into the POWERCL description and usage example May you have a nice ride c ngel M Martin Page 8 of 113 November 2014
102. erialPort serialport new SerialPort serialport PortName portname serialport BaudRate baudrate serialport Parity Parity None serialport DataBits 8 serialport StopBits StopBits One serialport Handshake Handshake None serialport ReadTimeout 30000 milliseconds serialport Open byte buffer new byte 8192 int pos 0 try i int count do 1 count serialport Read buffer pos 8192 pos pos count c ngel M Martin Page 112 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N while pos lt 8192 j catch TimeoutException 1 nada serialport Close if pos 9o 2 0 Console Error WriteLine Odd number of bytes read return j swap high amp low bytes for int i 0 i lt pos i 2 byte tmp buffer i buffer i buffer i 1 buffer i 1 tmp j FileStream fstream File Open filename FileMode CreateNew FileAccess Write BinaryWriter binWriter new BinaryWriter fstream binWriter Write buffer 0 pos binWriter Close fstream Close c Angel M Martin Page 113 of 113 November 2014
103. etion there s no way back so handle with care H decodes the buffer header register Its structure contains the buffer ID as well as some other relevant information in the specific fields all buffer dependent V Views the contents of the buffer sequentially showing its registers in the display flags the listing to go backwards both in manual and auto modes SST BST moves the listing in manual mode until the end beginning is reached Back Arrow to cancel out the process and return to the OS Like its the case with the standard Catalogues the buffer listing in Auto mode will terminate automatically when the last buffer or first if running backwards has been shown In manual mode the last first entry will remain shown until you press BackArrow or R S Should buffers not be present the message VO BUFFERS will be shown and the catalog will terminate Note also that the catalogue will be printed if in NORM TRACE mode producing a record of all buffers present in the system 7 und CLUB IBFCAT PGCAT BFVIEW DELBF BUFHD c ngel M Martin Page 27 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 2 2 Interrogating the MMU MMUCAT MMU CATalogue Noipus ADRID Gives ROM id from ADR Expects string in Alpha FYNZ FYNS Location Finder Noinuts PLUGG ROM id in page by X Prompts for page Valid inputs are 4 6 F MMUCAT
104. etups or complete configurations to be swapped back and forth directly from sRAM However sRAM contents will be lost if the batteries are removed from the calculator for a certain period of time longer than what it takes to reset a small glitch but shorter than it used to be for the standard 41 due to the increased power demands from the CL board Early CL beta user Geoff Quickfall prepared a few FOCAL programs to commit the calculator contents to FLASH so that even without the batteries it ll be preserved for a restore at any later time It s a powerful concept but it doesn t come free from pitfalls if you re not careful e The first consideration is related to the Flash write function and you should read and understand all about it in the CL manual Specifically pay strong attention to the recommendations about the fresh battery state before performing any flash write operation e The second one is that YWALL will pick certain hard coded FLASH locations as destination for the backup so both 4k blocks Ox1FE and Ox1FF will be ERASED by YFERASE Note that earlier versions of CLUTILS used sector OxOD8 OxODF instead This was moved to the current location to avoid erasing other ROMs added to that sector with V3 revision of the CL board 7herefore revisions V3 V4 of the CL board are required e Then there s the question about having to run the programs from RAM for the flash write read to work One could assume that YFNX is already there
105. ew the status and options available Each CATalog has its own idiosyncrasies but in general they feature single step modes and have hot keys to allow for specific actions like deletion of buffers navigation shortcuts and direct plugging of ROMs into a port This makes chores like searching for the correct syntax and plugging a module from the library a trivial task Some PGCAT BFCAT KLIB UCAT are not strictly related to the CL and will also work on a standard 41 Obviously MMUCAT is only meaningful for a CL machine and will return zeroes if the CL board is not installed c ngel M Martin Page 25 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N CATalog functions are notoriously complex and take up a significant amount of space yet you d hopefully agree with me that the usability enhancements they provide make them worthwhile the admission price 2 2 1 Buffer CATALOG BFCAT Buffer CATaloc Hot keys R S SST SHIFT DH D Deletes Buffer Asks Y N H DecodesHeaderregister In manual mode This function is very close to my heart both because it was a bear to put together and because the final result is very useful and informative It doesn t require any input parameter and runs sequentially through all buffers present in the calculator providing information with buffer id and size 41 buffers are an elusive construct that is mainly used for I O purposes Some
106. f it is located in a bank switched page and the answer is that such is possible as long as the partial key entry method is not employed This is the case here and also in SUMPG as well both functions use a key pressed detection loop as alternative approach more demanding on power requirements as the CPU doesn t get to Light Sleep and therefore no switching back to bank 1 The drawback of course is the higher battery consumption not to be underestimated e XROM is a well known function to directly call any function within a plug in ROM knowing its ROM id and functionz Written by Clifford Stern in the heydays of the 41 systems with a real inside knowledge of the internal OS routines PARSE Both prompt inputs are to be entered as DECIMAL values e ROMCAT was written by Jean Daniel Dodin well known MCODE pioneer and HP 41 old hand It prompts for the XROM id and starts CAT 2 from the position used by such ROM if present The usual conventions apply whereby only the ROM headers are listed unless the catalog is stopped and ENTER is pressed in manual mode c ngel M Martin Page 82 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e SPEED is a curious gem although I m not completely sure I managed to transcribe it well It s supposed to return the number of CPU cycles per second so I thought it d be ideal for the CL given the different TURBO modes Alas it always returns the same value 1 126 316 irrespective
107. flexible and interconnected combinations sometimes warping around the complete module in a lot of ways Its initially a bit confusing yet you should not get intimidated by the multiple layers as you ll get very quickly acquainted to the design and comfortable using it Notice that in some instances the same function can be accessed from two different places i e HEPDIR MMUCAT Note also that they may be required to sequentially input the prompts from two or more launchers to finally get to the desired end result For instance say you want to plug the AMC OS X ROM into port 7 the HP IL one Say you don t remember its CL ROMid nor the function name to accomplish that which happens to be PLUGH You decide to start at the very beginning executing XCL then chose C for CATALOGS then L for CLLIB then A to start the enumeration from the letter A then R S at the AOSX followed by P to invoke the PLUG action Then G to go to the page settings then 7 A breeze Putting it all together now Granted this is one of the more complex examples but trust me not the worst one Here it is again with more details so it s easier to follow Let the display be our guide in this dialog with our trusty companion Start off by executing XFL which will present enter C for the Catalog Launcher XCAT enter L for the CL Library CLLIB input A R S SST to navigate until you see enter
108. for the RAM plugged pages like HEPAX RAM or any other module you have residing in SRAM That s why the confirmation message OK Y N will also be prompted when calling this function even in a program Needless to say things can get hairy pretty quickly if you mess with critical areas like the polling points YFOG will not modify the contents of locations OxpFF4 and above within the page but that doesn t guarantee a trouble free result because if polling points are active who knows what will be there where they re pointing at AFTER the encryption YCRYPT is a trivial looking program that just manages to 2 SYS EXT prepare things for YFOG The listing is shown on the right note 3 the usage of the undocumented function SYS EXT that 4 PWD prompts for the target address and places it in the S amp X field of gt PMTA status register Q 9 6 ASTOL 7 ALENG YCRYPT uses a couple of functions from the AMCOS X module 5 xao which obviously should also be plugged in the MMU 10 GTOO1 GTEND is also available in FAT1 so you could use XQ1 GTEND instead Or even just stop there STOP RTN but it s safer to leave the scene after the job is done or the error encountered 11 RCLZ 12 FOG TONE 7 CLA 16 ARCLL 17 GTEND A piece of trivia YFOG must be located in the main FAT in order to be callable from within the YCRYPT code this is a limitation that won t affect your programs located in RAM or even loca
109. fted PEEKR works for every existing register address from zero to 1 023 If we want to use relative data register numbers with PEEKR the absolute address of the data registers must be first obtained e POKER writes over the absolute register which address is specified in the Y register with the contents of the X register POKER works for the entire existing register range of the calculator The stack registers remain unchanged as long as they are not specified by the absolute address in Y Since POKER can change any register this function should only be employed if the calculator structure is well understood Otherwise it may result in unwanted changes in programs data registers status registers etc or even a MEMORY LOST condition Example Creating second sets of Main and Extended Memory A nice utilization of these functions on the 41CL are the examples shown below to create backups of your complete Main memory and Extended memory sets located in RAM block 0x801 that is above the standard calculator RAM space located at 0x800 Because PEEKR and POKER accept input addresses higher than the standard calculator range they re well suited for the task Basically all we need to do is copy the contents of the Main Extended memory from its current addresses refer to figure in page 66 to addresses located 1k above them In fact one can have an alternate set of memory and swap between both as needed duplicating so the calculator s on
110. function Catalog for FAT 1 e Pressing ENTER at the XXEQ prompt will invoke the sub function Catalog for FAT 2 A new feature in revision K allows an even easier approach by means of the XCAT function described in the next section e XCAT 1 will invoke FCAT1 the sub function Catalog for FAT 1 e XCAT 2 will invoke FCAT2 the sub function Catalog for FAT 2 Several ways to perform the same task but all of them intuitively accessible form the expected location to provide choices to power users c ngel M Martin Page 24 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Ck MEPDR ie 2 2 CATalogs and Catalogues The additional CATalogs are accessed by XCAT and include the following key Function Warnings Description B BFCAT Light Liststhose elusive buffers present in the system H HEPDR H K KLB None Constants Library Selections Cd L CLLIB_ J Light CL ROM Image Library alphabetical or by type Lists all available units for UMS conversion X XXEQ J None Another entry for the Extended XEQ launcher 2 FCAT 2 _ None Easiest way to access functions in FAT 2__ 1 If you re like me you ll like to have good visibility into your machine s configuration With its ROM Library and MMU settings the CL adds a few dimensions to the already rich 41CX system and the goal is to have equivalent catalogue functions to revi
111. ged y Blocks Exchange ource in X Destination in prompt Exchanges alternate blocks 0 4 Prompts in program RAM contents scrambled restored Prompts for start address reviews amp edits word values Prompts for characters HEX entry plus control chrs FROM in Y TO in X Moves the MMU to TO page FROM in Y TO in X waps the MMU between pages None Reads Calculator MMU from Flash rites Calculator MMU to Flash wes text to ALPH Assignment is made Moves MMU Entry Swaps MMU Entries Read ALL Write ALL None Multi byte ASN Prompts for mnemonic Buffer Catalog Function Data HEX Keyboard None hows present buffers Prompts for FNAME Prompts for entry BFCAT 40 FDATA _ 41 HEXKB _ Fnc Data in Alpha odes NNN in X string in Alpha 42 IOBUS 43 UPL48 Upload ROM Image Destination address ends image to PC 44 PGSIG __ Gets Signature for page Prompts for page 1 14 data string in Alpha 45 PLNG Program Length Prompts for P Name Program length in X and Alpha 46 RAMED RAM Editor Address in X Memory edited as per inputs 47 ROM ROM Information Prompts for XROM id Header in Alpha pg in X FNC In Y c ngel M Martin Page 9 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N H Function BANKED 22 BANKS 23 BFREE 24 BLANK _ 25 BUSED 26 CDE 27 CHKSYS 28 CLBL 29 DCD 30 FOG 31 OSREV 32 PG 33 PGCPY _ 34 PGROOM _ 35 PGSUM _ Description ROM
112. h ngel Martin 23 ALGY 4k Astro ROM Science Elgin Knowles amp Senne 24 ALPH 4k ALPHA ROM Utilities Martin amp D Wilder 25 ANTS 4k Antennas Engineering HP Co 26 AOSX 4k AMC OS X Engineering ngel Martin 27 ASM4 4k Assembler4 Extensions 28 ASMB 4k Assembler3 Extensions 29 ASIT 16k ASTRO 2010 Module Science Jean Marc Baillard 30 AUTO 4k Auto Start Dupl ROM Extensions HP Co 31 AV1Q 4k AV1 ROM Engineering Beechcraft 32 AVIA 4k Aviation Pac Engineering HP Co 33 B52B 8k B 52 ROM Engineering Boeing 34 BCMW 4k BCMW ROM Engineering 35 BESL 8k Bessel ROM Math Martin amp JM Baillard 36 BLDR 8k BLD ROM Utilities W Doug Wilder 37 BLND 4k Bufferland ROM Utilities ngel Martin 38 BSMS 4k Bus Sales Mkt Stat Financial HP Co 39 BUD2 8k Buderus 2 Engineering WMK 40 BUD3 4k Buderus 3 Engineering WMK 41 CCDA 4k CCD AdvApps Utilities ngel Martin 42 CCDP 8k CCD Plus Utilities W amp W Angel Martin 43 CCDR 8k CCD Module Utilities W amp W 44 CCDX 4k CCD OS X Extensions W amp W R del Tondo 45 CENG 4k Chemical Engineering Engineering HP Co 46 CHEM 4k Chemistry User ROM Science Les Wright 47 CHES 8k Chess Rubik s ROM Games C Roetlgen J Perry 48 CIRC 4K Circuit Analysis Pac Engineering HP Co c ngel M Martin Page 100 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 49 CLIN 50 CLUT 51 CMT1 52 CMT2 53 CMT3 54 CNTL 55 CURV 56 CVPK 57 DAAC 58 DACQ 59 DASM 60 DAVA 61 DEMO 62 DEV2 63 DE
113. h accepted by YINPT s imited to 11 characters not counting the prompt This is sufficient for all parameter input purposes within YFNS functions but remember if you exceed this limit characters will be lost from the left YINPT is used in other FOCAL programs in the PowerCL module such as YEDIT and DLD48 Resetting the MMU e YFNZ is completely equivalent to YFNS in fact is just a code stub that invokes the latter It must be in the POWERCL module for subroutine purposes Incidentally this is how PLUGGX checks for YFNS being currently mapped to the target page and discards the request if so Note there s an ulterior motive for having this function included in the POWERCL module and such is as a back door recovery method from a lost YFNS contingency This may occur when the YFNS is overwritten with another module image by the MMU typically as result of inadvertently using PLUGxx on the same location If thats the case YFNZ will automatically disable the MMU so you can take charge again and rebuild the MMU to correct the issue with no need to resort to ML or removing the batteries anymore Upon completion the following message is displayed e YRESET was added in revision J It provides a more purposed approach to the same task i e looking for the YFNX module and effectively disabling the MMU resetting it if it s not found albeit only if the OK OKALL string is in ALPHA to avoid accidental disabling
114. hat the configuration can always be extended to include other pages located at upper addresses but not the other way around This is because the HEPAX code searches for the blocks sequentially to determine whether they belong to its FileSystem starting at page 8 So once they are configured changing the location of the first page to a lowered number block will create a conflict Obviously for all this to work the target pages must be mapped to sRAM or otherwise the byte values could obviously not be changed So it is expected that the appropriate number of HRAM pages are configured which is the subject of the functions described in the previous section c ngel M Martin Page 35 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 3 2 HEPAX Chain Alteration Recalls current CHAIN Placed in ALPHA and Displa Sebastian Toelg Sets CHAIN Datain ALPHA Sebastian Toelg Releases RAM page Pg in X decimal Sebastian Toelg These functions provide yet additional options to configure the HEPAX chain after the first initialization allowing for non contiguous allocation of pages as well as individual page removal without disrupting the complete HEPAX FileSystem They are taken from the NEXT ROM recently published by Sebastian Toelg so great to see the trade is not lost Note that they re located in the FAT 2 group thus you need to use XQ2 to execute them For a more convenient arrangement HEPCHN is also accessible form t
115. he HEPAX main launcher using the hot key character e HEPCHN Returns a string to ALPHA showing the pages used by the HEPAX chain with zeros as prefix and postfix to indicate the chain ends The information is also shown in the display if executed in run mode For instance the screen below denotes pages C and D are in the HPRAM chain e HEPCHN re configures the HEPAX chain as per the information provided in the string in ALPHA This must always start and end with zero characters even if there s only one page configured Obviously all pages must be mapped as sRAM in the CL e RLSRAM releases a given RAM page which value is in the X register removing it from the HEPAX chain and closing the chain accordingly to avoid any ruptures In RUN mode the new chain after page removal will be displayed for feedback information Comments You can use HEPCHN to restore pages removed previously with RLSRAM Executing HEPCHN right after HEPCHN makes no modification to the HEPRAM chain Notice that HEPCHN will not take a three zeros string as valid HRAM chain attempting to do so will return the error message NULL Note however that you could come to that situation by releasing the last page in the chain using RLSRAM Dedicated error conditions will report the absence of a configured chain NO START a broken chain condition CHAIN BROKEN or the incorrect choices for released pages Be careful not to remove pages or re
116. he module covering the CL specific functions and some of the most relevant system extensions notably the Un t Management System plus a Constants Library Prompting functions are also located here In addition to that there are three launcher functions to access the other sub function groups both by name and by index within their FAT There are a total of 64 functions in FAT O b The first sub function group also known as FAT 1 includes new functions to manage the CL Expanded memory that is three sets of alternate blocks in RAM to make back up copies of your Main and Extended Memory Also included in this page is a set of extra functions many taken from the ToolBox module general utilities and mixed topics that will be covered later in the manual There are a total of 84 functions in FAT 1 C The second sub function group also known as FAT 2 includes many of the functions from the Rampage and Alpha modules By functional area there are all the buffer management Extended Memory enhancements and of course the Alpha functions group Also the HEPAXA function group from the HEPAX module is included in recognition of the original masterpiece There are a total of 86 functions in FAT 2 It comes without saying that the real challenge lies not in stuffing all that functionality into the banks but for it to be useful there must be capable navigation techniques and usability features Here s where the function launchers XXEQ XQ1 XQ2 a
117. he stack contents They are both prompting functions in RUN mode asking for the initial data register Functions have been slightly modified to comply with the bank 2 requirements and UCAT is also enhanced with a new unit type prompt G F T W E for Geometry Force Temp Mass Work and Electrical units and better internal structure c ngel M Martin Page 87 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 6 2 An enhanced Constants Library KLIB is the new addition to the Unit Conversion In its original implementation the module included 15 constants each of them setup as an individual FAT entry This allowed individual access in RUN and PRGM modes but however lacked a library catalog offering a more convenient way to access them Besides the obvious advantage in usability with this new implementation only one FAT entry is used allowing for more functions to be added to the ROM The use in PRGM mode is also possible by selecting the specific constant by its index a number from 1 to 20 as independent program line following KLIB thus the same non merged approach also used elsewhere KLIB j A S IMenu 2 Menu 1 Menu 3 es Menu 4 Electron Charge Proton Mass Electron Mass Speed of Light Free fall Acceleration The following improvements have been made e Added 5 more constants to the library for a total of 20 Not surprisingly quite a few of them are related to the EE field show
118. her launcher prompt Prompting functions use a technique called partial key entry dividing the data entry in two or more steps The keyboard is also redefined in that only those keys corresponding to the appropriate options are active The cues in the prompt will offer you indication of which keys are active on the keyboard and typically are intuitive enough to figure out in each case See below a few examples of the prompts where the choices are to a large extent self explanatory The TURBO options are as follows none 2x 5x 10x 20x 50x and Use 0 for 20x and the T key for 50 as 2 and are already taken for 2x and 5x speeds In general all launchers behave in a similar manner The Back Arrow key either cancels out entirely or removes partial entries Non active keys will blink the display and maintain the prompt The A key from the main prompt will trigger the STR launcher The A key from any secondary launcher will revert back to the main launcher The ALPHA key triggers the XQ2 function to execute a sub function by name The USER key triggers the XFAT function to execute a sub function by index The SHIFT key triggers the IOBUS launcher or will toggle the pages within multi page launchers Holding down the last key briefly shows the invoked function name for visual feedback This will be followed by NULL if kept depressed long enough last chance to bail out
119. hown for both the full nut and half nut models This functionality is useful for the printer which has a complete lower case character set and when typing ASCII files using lower case characters just type it normal then convert them down in block Ses SS e UPRS does the reverse conversion getting the text back to upper case characters perfectly compatible with the machine character set and thus legible in ALPHA ASCII value Doesnotremovechar _ Melbourne ROM E Left Alpha Delete Removes leftmost char Ross Cooling _ Right Alpha Delete Removes rightmost char Ross Cooling Right Alpha to X Symmetric to ATOX Ross Cooling E X to Alpha Left Symmetric to XTOA Hakan Th rgren e ASCII is similar to ATOX but it does NOT remove the leftmost character from Alpha Use it to read its value into X but leaving it alone preserved in ALPHA The following relationship shall help understand the similarities ATOX ASCII LADEL c ngel M Martin Page 65 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e XTOAL appends to the Left of the Alpha text the character which ASCII value is in the X register This is the symmetrical counterpart to XTOA which appends the character to the right of Alpha Strictly speaking XTOA should be called XTOAR and in fact that s how the functions were relabeled in the Extended IO module e RATOX removes the rightmost character from Alpha and places its ASCII value in X also
120. ience Engineering Engineering Utilities Extensions Extensions Engineering Science Extensions Utilities ngel Martin ngel Martin Monte Dalrymple JM Baillard amp Martin Geir Isene UPLE Jean Marc Baillard Jean Marc Baillard Zengun LaitRam Corp Warren Furlow W Doug Wilder HP Co HP Co Raymond Moore ngel Martin ngel Martin HP Co HP Co Paul Lind Zengun Zengun PPC Members HP Co AM David van Leeuwen Frits Ferwerda Peter Platzer Thomas Rodke ngel Martin M cke Software GmbH HP Co G Isene amp A Martin SNEAP Society F SNEAP Society F SNEAP Society F Nelson F Crowle Jean Marc Baillard Jim Daly HP Co WMK S Bariziene amp JJ Dhenin Nelson F Crowle Nelson F Crowle HP Co HP Co HP Co PPC Members c ngel M Martin Page 102 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 POLY PPCM PRFS PRIQ PWRL QUAT RAMP REAL RM32 ROAM ROMS SANA SBOX SEAK SECY SGSG SIHP SIMM SKWD SMCH SMPL SMTS SND2 SPEC SRVC STAN STAT STRE STRU SUD1 SUPR SURV TEST THER TIME TOMS TOOL TREK TRIH UNIT USPS VECT WMK3 WMKA XXXA XXXB XXXC XXXD
121. if args Length gt 2 baudrate int Parse args 2 if baudrate 1200 amp amp baudrate 2400 amp amp baudrate 4800 amp amp baudrate 9600 1 Console Error WriteLine Invalid baudrate 0 should be one of baudrate Console Error WriteLine 1200 2400 4800 9600 return j if args Length gt 3 1 delay int Parse args 3 if delay gt 10 Console Error WriteLine delay 0 probably too large delay return j j if IFile Exists filename Console Error WriteLine File 0 does not exist filename return FileStream fstream File Open filename FileMode Open if fstream Length gt 8192 Console Error WriteLineC WARNING 0 is over 8192 bytes long 1 filename fstream Length Console Error WriteLine Will only transfer the first 8192 bytes 7 BinaryReader binReader new BinaryReader fstream c ngel M Martin Page 110 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N SerialPort serialport new SerialPort serialport PortName portname serialport BaudRate baudrate serialport Parity Parity None serialport DataBits 8 serialport StopBits StopBits One serialport Handshake Handshake None serialport Open try byte buffer new byte 8192 int count binReader Read buffer 0 8192 swap high amp low bytes for int i 0 i lt count i 2 byte tmp buffer i buffer i buffer i 1 buffer i 1
122. if anything at all If no key assignments exist then the result will be zero c Angel M Martin Page 76 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 4 Page Functions Revisited The following group deals with more page related functions not covered in the IOPG launcher section These are loosely defined as those functions operating on complete pages or retrieving page related information They are as follows i Gets of banks Page in X decimal Angel Martin _ i ___ Checks page contents Page in X YES NO Angel Martin fi CopyPage FROM in X TO prompt _ Angel Martin E Counts zero words Page in X decimal Angel Martin E SumsPagechecksum _ Prompts for Page Frits Ferwerda ROMCHKX Verifies ROM checksum XROMid inX HPCo E ____ Compares two Pages _ Pg in X and Prompt Angel Martin DECODE NNN to HEX string NNNinX VM Electronics CODE HEXstringtoNNN HexstringinAlpha VM Electronics Note the color code convention for function names BLUE means located in the main FAT use XEQ to invoke them BROWN means located in a secondary FAT i e you need to use XQ1 or XQ2 to invoke them Of course you can a ways use XQ2 for any of them as discussed before BLANK BANKS and PGROOM were added in revision J and even if they are sub functions are prompting as of revision N2
123. ile FROM TO names in ALPHA FileName in Alpha FileName in Alpha FileName in Alpha FileName in Alpha Get Status Registers FileName in Alpha Get Complex Stack FileName in Alpha Prompts for Hex chars OK OKALL in Alpha Hex Input Clear Keys and Buffers KA Length Pack KA registers Suspends Local Keys Activates Local Keys FileName in Alpha Register in X in decimal Reg in X Content in Y oldid newid in X OldName NewName in Alpha id size in X FileName in Alpha Type in X Re issue Buffer id Rename File Resize Buffer Re types File FileName in Alpha buf id in X FileName in Alpha FileName in Alpha Reset Checksum Save Buffer Save Key assignments Save Status registers FileName in Alpha Save Complex Stack FileName in Alpha Appends Workfile Name none EQ Program File FileName in Alpha Buffer length in X hows string with buffers present hows all buffer registers Header reg location in X Main EM directory deleted lears all Main and X Memory Buffer created Buffer Deleted Both files must already exist Register location in X Filetype in X Buffer is read from XMEM KA Read from XMEM tatus registers restored omplex Buffer Restored ext in Alpha and Display Clears KA and Buffers KA length in X KA registers packed Local Keys suspended Local keays activated Merges KA from XM File Register content in X as NNN Replaces register content buffer id is changed File Name is changed Buffer size changed File type
124. in prompt X W amp W GmbH ROM Rom vital constants XROM id in X W amp W GmbH e PG returns miscellaneous information corresponding to the page number input in the prompt in RUN mode or in X as decimal value if run in a program The information is as follows o Header function name in ALPHA and o XROM id of functions in X in integer and fractional parts Note that when used on the POWERCL page it ll return the vital constants for bank 3 where its code resides which strangely enough are 56 86 in X as it was explained at the beginning of the manual Considerable trickery has been used modifying this function in revision J to be prompting despite being located in a secondary bank This makes for a more consistent and usable user c ngel M Martin Page 61 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N interface common with other page functions If there s nothing plugged in the page the message NO ROM will be shown Input prompt Page is not used Free e ROM is also a prompting function It returns the ROM vital constants for the XROM id value input in the prompt as follows o Page where is plugged in X and o number of functions in Y The ROM header first function name is also displayed but not saved in Alpha Note that this is very similar to PG only that the input is not the page number but the XROM id instead If the ROM is not found the display will simply show NO indic
125. incompatibilities Even if it s possible re writing the program in 41 RAM is strongly not recommended c ngel M Martin Page 55 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 1 LBL YWALL 2 IMDBF 3 GTOO1 4 GTOO2 5 Bo 6 00F gt 805 7 AVIEW 8 YMCPY 9 805 RAM 10 YFNS 11 SF25 12 PLUGG 13 1FEO00 14 AVIEW 15 FC 49 16 YFERASE 17 800 1FE 18 AVIEW 19 YFWR 20 FC 01 21 GTO 00 22 1FFO00 23 AVIEW 24 FC 49 25 YFERASE 26 804 gt 1FF 27 AVIEW 28 YFWR 29 LBL OO EN 30 YFNP 31 YFNS 32 SF25 33 PLUGG 34 GTOO2 35 LBL YRALL 36 1FE 800 37 AVIEW 38 YMCPY 39 1FF 804 40 FS 01 41 YMCPY 42 LBLO2 43 DONE 44 AVIEW 45 END is the IMDB in flash yes go on no skip to end prepare copy show settings copy YFNS to RAM prepare mapping get current YFNS location protection override plug RAM there prepare erasing show settings battery ok erase BLOCK 1111 prepare copy show settings write calculator to flash was MMU also selected no skip to end prepare address show settings battery ok erase MMU block prepare copy show settings write MMU to flash prepare restore get YFNS location protection override plug it there go to end section prepare copy show settings restore backup to RAM prepare copy was MMU also selected restore MMU to RAM show
126. ing two different Alpha launchers may be confusing as the user would need to remember the group any of the sub functions belongs to To avoid this both launchers are capable of searching for any sub function and not only for those in its own FAT But that s not all after a while the user won t necessarily remember whether a given function of the module is either in the main FAT O or in any of the two sub function groups To avoid this issue the XQ1 and XQ2 launchers are a so capable of searching in the main FAT and will do so if the name hasn t been found in FAT 1 and in FAT 2 In fact they will also search in all main FATs present in the system which may have more modules plugged in and not only the POWERCL one So XQ1 and XQ2 are universal XROM function caller by name Note however that they won t find the mainframe functions like BEEP SIN etc If that s what you re after you can also use the option 0 provided in the XXEQ launcher to invoke the native XEQ in all its glory ALPHA numeric INDirect etc The above considerations would suggest that having two launchers with the same capabilities is somehow redundant and sure you d wonder why not removing one of them freeing up one more entry in the main FAT for other purposes There is however an important reason to have it there it is needed to have the programming capability for the sub functions in each FAT let s explain When XQ1 2 are used in program mode to cal
127. input X lt 13 gt source input X lt 3 0 gt blocks to transfer input X 12 destination one digit nibble per 256 word block Valid values are 0 1 2 3 16 sectors for complete block The table below shows the values used on the standard functions internally where b denotes the alternate block 1 2 or 3 used for the backup or restore Function Swap Flag Control NNN Main Block 0x800 MM YBK Clear 0b 00000000 00F9 MMYSWP Set 0b 00000000 00F9 1 007 ST YBK Clear 0b 00000000 0001 STYSWP Set 0b 00000000 0001 703 XM YBK Cleat 0b 00000000 FF06 XMYSWP Set 0b 00000000 FF06 fl YBK MM Clear b0 00000000 00F9 YBK ST Clear b0 00000000 0001 313 YBK XM Clear b0 00000000 FF06 aii The diagram on the right shows the beginning and ending addresses for each of the significant sections within the main block in decimal to the left and hex to the right With exception of the general purpose functions YMCOPY and YMEXCH the appropriate addresses are chosen automatically by each of the memory transfer functions all completely transparent to the user Lastly to prepare the control NNN to use with the general purpose versions of the memory transfer functions you can use any of the HEX Entry functions available in the PWRCL_EXT such as CDE HEXKB HEXIN as well as the powerhouse memory editor RAMED See their description in later sections of this manual c Angel M Martin Page 45 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N I
128. ions Utilities Utilities Extensions Engineering Engineering Engineering Extensions Extensions Engineering Engineering Engineering Engineering Financial Extensions Games Games Math Financial Financial Math Engineering Extensions Extensions Math Financial Engineering Extensions Utilities Engineering Engineering HP Co ngel Martin CMT CMT CMT HP Co ngel Martin W Doug Wilder HP Co W Doug Wilder David van Leeuwen HP Co HP Co AM HP Co Jean Marc Baillard ngel Martin HP Co David Yerka Eramco HP Co M Christoph Klug S Bariziene amp JJ Dhenin Dutch PPC Members Eramco ngel Martin ngel Martin ngel Martin HP Co Ken Emery Fairfield Inc HP Co ngel Martin HP Co Serge Vaudenay ngel Martin HP Co HP Co AM GMAC GMAC Jean Marc Baillard Paul Monroe VM Electronics VM Electronics HP Co HP Co HP Co Geir Isene BCMC 1987 BCMC 1985 c ngel M Martin Page 101 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 IERF ILBF IMDB INTG ISEN ISOL JMAT JMTX KC135 L119 LAIT LAND LBLS LENG LNDL LPLC MADV MASS MATH MCHN MCMP MDP1 MDP2 MELB
129. ister at the bottom that holds its control data The structure of the header varies slightly for each buffer but all must have the buffer type a digit between 1 and E repeated twice in nybbles 13 and 12 as well as the buffer size in nybbles 11 10 maximum OxFF 255 registers The rest are buffer dependent for example the 41Z buffer holds the data format RECT or POLAR in nybble 9 The HP IL Devel buffer uses nybbles 9 7 to store the pointer value and nybble 3 to hold the pointer increment type MAN or AUTO Lo fA DIR 13 12 Go 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Some buffers write the address location in the S amp X field nybbles 2 0 but this is of relative use at most since the buffer can get re allocated as mentioned above In fact BFCAT uses that field to record the distance to the previous buffer in the I O area necessary to keep tabs with the RAM structure in SST BST operation mode When the calculator awakens from Deep Sleep the OS erases nybble 13 from all buffer headers found The execution is transferred to the Polling Points of those modules present which should re write the buffer type in that nybble for those buffers directly under their responsibility At the end of this process when all Modules have done their stuff the OS performs a packing of the I O area deleting all buffers not preserved i e with nybble 14 still holding zero Under some rare circumstances a given buffer can exist in memory as a
130. just a couple of notches below the tremendous HEPAX s HEXEDIT but in a much more concise foot print implementation and not exempt of wonders on its own The initial prompt requests the address to edit ranging from 0x0000 to OxFFFF as you would expect Once entered the display is identical to that one in HEXEDIT with three distinct fields showing the address being edited the current value and three underscore characters where the new value will be written as the input progresses Usual rules of the game apply the first character can only be 0 1 2 3 and obviously there must be a MLDL RAM block for the input to be actually written in A nice touch lacking in HEXEDIT is a ROM message shown when the destination is read only The control keys for ROMEDIT are as follows SST moves up one word BST TAN moves down one word 1 9 A F the nybble value being edited ENTER inputs three zeroes as word value first back arrow prompts for a new address second exits the editing ON turns the calculator OFF ROMED is completely located in bank 1 Besides the changes of rigueur to use the Library 4 routines I have made a couple of enhancements to the original implementation adding the underscores for the edited field and the ENTER control key for a closer resemblance to the HEPAX implementation in HEXEDIT ROMED can only edit the first bank so the only missing functionality is perhaps this no access to th
131. l a sub function by its name it will create two program lines The first will be either XQ2 or XQ1 depending on which FAT the sub function belongs to The second will be the index within the FAT Therefore XQ1 nn is different from XQ2 nn even for the same nn and this is exactly the reason why XQ1 and XQ2 both need to be present But even if both must be there the user really only needs to use one as the conversion from the spelled out names will occur automatically on a need to basis Let s see an example Say we want to execute function FLTYPE to find out the type of the X Mem file which name is in ALPHA This can be done either by its name or by its index In the first case we d type XQ1 or XQ2 F L T Y P E ALPHA note how ALPHA will come up automatically If the numeric launcher is to be used instead the key entry sequence will be XFAT 02 11 or also XXEQ F 02 11 Either way this creates the same two program lines in PRGM mode Note as well how the sub function NAME is briefly displayed during this process providing visual feedback on the selected function even if the name wasn t used to enter it Let s now see how to execute function YBK XM which is a sub function within FAT 1 If done by name the user could press now using the XXEQ launcher from the scratch c ngel M Martin Page 22 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N XXEQ 1 Y B K X M ALPHA or XXEQ 2 Y B K
132. line capacity An additional benefit is that the secondary set will not be affected in case of a MEMORY LOST thus you can use it as a safety backup as well c ngel M Martin Page 71 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Main memory is trickier than extended in that the status registers should also be included in the backup to ensure a properly configured FOCAL chain and memory configuration These must include register 13 c and ideally also 10 14 d amp 15 e for compatible flags and key assignments definition together with the KA registers in the I O area Below are the programs to swap the sets of Main and Extended memory at your convenience MMSWAP and XMSWAP respectively 1 LBL MMISW AP 36 239 extended size 2 CF 00 37 K amp M store in M 3 E register 10 38 LBL 4 STO M 39 RCLX origin 5 10 reg address 40 1024 offset address 6 MEQ 03 Al destination T 3 registers b c d and 42 LBLOI B STO M 43 PEEKR read destination value 9 13 reg b address 44 Xo 7 10 XEQ 03 45 PEEKR read source value 11 WAI 46 R lift for compare 12 AVIEW A7 X Y are they equal 13 320 all memory 48 5F 00 flag it so 14 STOM 49 RDN undo lift 15 192 origin 50 FS5 CO0 equal values 16 GTO 03 51 GTO O02 yes skip writing 17 LBL XMSWAP 52 K amp T position them crossed 18 XF M base Block 53 POKER write them back 19 AVIEW provide feedback 54 RDN JD CF 00 base block 55 Ntr position them cross
133. mantissa digits returning it to the X registers You can use it a s a pseudo random number generator or just for the sake of it e VMANT shows the full mantissa of the value in X The display will present it briefly and then will return to the standard display settings unless you press and hold any key during the initial displaying Good eye hand coordination is required e ST x exchanges the contents of the Statistical registers with the Stack Combined with XREG this can be useful to MOVE or SWAP blocks of registers in groups of five using the stack as intermediate conduit For instance XREG 10 ST r xREG 20 ST lt gt 2 will move R10 R15 to R20 R25 This is just 6 bytes needed as opposed to 11 if we were using the REGMOVE with its control word in X 10 020005 e X I Y is also about register swapping this time using X and Y as indirect pointers so it s equivalent to RCL IND Y RCL IND Y STO IND T RDN STO IND Y GETPC Gets Program Counter W amp W GmbH PC lt gt RTN Exchanges PC and RTN W amp W GmbH PUTPC Puts Program Counter PC location in X W amp W GmbH e GETPC PUTPC and PC lt gt RTN are program pointer manipulation functions Use them to recall the location of the current PC to re set to another position or to exchange it with the last subroutine return address They are to be used with a solid understanding of their capabilities and possible consequences These functions are not as user frie
134. meda Mngmt Corp Phillipe J Roussel ngel Martin ngel Martin Jean Marc Baillard HP Co HP Co HP Co HP Co HP Co Martin amp JM Baillard James W Vick HP Co HP Co HP Co HP Co Thomas A Bruns ngel Martin ngel Martin Phil Trinh ngel Martin USPS ngel Martin WMK WMK Not listed Not listed Not listed Not listed Not listed Not listed Bobby Schenk Monte Dalrymple Monte Dalrymple c ngel M Martin Page 103 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 208 YFNZ 4k Main YFNS Extensions Monte Dalrymple 209 Z741Z 8k 41Z Module Math ngel Martin 210 ZENR 4k Zenrom Utilities Zengrange Ltd 211 ZEPR 4k Programmer Extensions Zengrange Ltd Take over ROM Need to use PPG 4 Must be located in page 4 Plug it manually using YPOKE Other modules not included in the Library For sure many more of these abound yet these are the ones I know about feel free to complete the list with your own entries and don t forget to share them with the whole community 1 Market Forecast 4k Forecaster 2 Mortar Fire Data Calculator 8k MDN Canada 3 Dr Z RaceTrack Module 4k William T Ziemba 3421 CONTROL EXTENDED I O AECROM NAVIGATION c Angel M Martin AUTO DUP AVIATION CCD MODULE CLINICAL LAB X HP 41 ADVANTAGE HP 41 ADVANTAGE FINANCIAL I GAMES HOME MGM LAITRAM XQ 2 MACAINE PETROLEUM PLOTTER PPC ROM REAL ESTATE SE
135. ment For ADRID such is its flash or RAM address returning the ROM ID in Alpha whereas IMDB uses the string in ALPHA either ROM ID or address are valid inputs Obviously the CL is a must requirement so don t try this on your favorite emulator or plain machine where you ll get the friendly reminder courtesy of the YFNX module c ngel M Martin Page 47 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Differences between the IMDB and the PowerCL ROM Library The PowerCL has its own image Library included in bank 2 This local library currently occupying about 1 350 bytes is the source of information for functions CLLIB and ROMLIB covered earlier in the manual The entries are arranged alphabetically and they have field descriptors for the module size and type used by those functions as you already know There are 223 entries in the ROM table Each entry takes up 6 bytes as follows 4 for the mnemonic one for the address in flash and the last one for the size type information combined Besides a table header and footer of 6 bytes each are also needed for the search algorithms 000 Table Boundary 000 Table Boundary 000 Table Boundary 000 lt Table Boundary gt 000 lt Table Boundary gt 000 lt Table Boundary gt 001 A Advantage Pac 034 4 HP 031 ain 12k 210 p 20D size type Size in XS digit 008 address Advantage Applications J F Garnier 4k size
136. mp Pressure 1 1 KSI KIP per square inch Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 LBF pound force Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 MBAR milibar Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 MMHG millimiter of mercury Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 MN meganewton Force Force amp Pressure 1 MPA megapascal Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 N newton Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 1 PA pascal Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 1 PDL poundal Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 PSF pound force per squ lt Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 1 PSI pound force per squ lt Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 1 TORR torr Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 1 c Angel M Martin Page 93 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 3 Matter amp Mass Units Petroleum symbo Unit z Magnitude un Group z A API Degree API Density Matter amp Mass BCF Billion Cubic Feet of Gas Volume Matter amp Mass C Degree Celsius Temperature Matter amp Mass 1 1 CP Centipoise Viscosity Matter amp Mass CST Centistoke Kinematic Viscosit Matter amp Mass D Darcy Porosity Matter amp Mass DA Dalton Mass Matter amp Mass F Degree Farenheit Temperature Matter amp Mass 1 1 G Gram Mass Matter amp Mass 1 1 K Kelvin Temperature Matter amp Mass 1 1 KG Kilogram Mass Matter amp Mass 1 1 KMOL kilomole Matter Matter amp Mass KT kilotonne Mass Matter amp Mass LBM pound mass Mass Matter amp Mass 1 1 MCF
137. n homogeneous source and destinations or a misspelled unit symbol all produced the same INVALID CONV Besides it didn t signal the ALPHA DATA condition anymore clearly a step back here The Unit Conversion Module recovers the alpha data message and adds two new messages to the Invalid Conversion condition offering four error trapping cases and so making error detection and correction a much easier task needless to say The messages are as follows ALPHA DATA when a non numeric input is in X SYNTAX ERR when using illegal characters like lower case letters NO SUCH UNIT when the alpha string contains a symbol not on the unit table INVALID CONV when the unit string is not dimensionally correct c ngel M Martin Page 91 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Example Car Consumption comparison Gas Petrol The short routine below converts between the two mystifying conventions used in the US and Europe to rate the gas consumption of 2 XEQOO a car US Milles per Gallon vs 4 Eg Europe Liters per 100 km 5 6 1 X 7 RW And here s a little table compiled with it Mi Gal L 100km 9 1 X 10 E2 a 12 XEQ 00 130 13 Sr 14 RTN 15 LBL OO 16 V KM GAL MI 17 END c ngel M Martin Page 92 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Appendix Module Unit Conversion Comparisons The following five sections offer a detailed comparison be
138. n is not strictly followed by the very few authors of the few bank switched ROMs but the number of banks should be marked in characters 2 3 4 of the ROM signature An example with both the PowerCL and the SandMath 2x2 plugged returns the following Can you explain the presence of the 5 Hurry time s ticking out EFC BFREE and BUSED will present colon separated strings of hex numbers corresponding to those free or used pages in the calculator Obviously the OS will always be listed by BUSED which is a nice clue to quickly tell which particular string you re looking at See for instance the examples bellow showing a pretty decent configuration The strings are compiled using the display and transferred to ALPHA upon completion For full house configurations the list of used pages will take up more characters than those allowed in the display and the string will be scrolled to the left dropping the first three pages in the worst case Since those hold the OS always there there s no real information loss for the free pages and for the used pages The strings can have holes as this is totally dependent on the modules plugged Some of them use the upper part of the port like the Zenrom or just simply due to the physical locations used CHKSYS is a very useful routine to check for incompatibilities in the system configuration as may occur when two ROMs with the same XROM id are plugged The function will scan all
139. n reliability and performance at least for my own systems It s very minimalist due to the tightness of space left in the module but it does its job quite nicely 1 LBL DLD48 11 ADR prompt text 2 SF 01 flag case 12 YINPT input adr 3 GTO 01 13 O000 OFFF control string 4 LBL UPL48 14 AVIEW show feedback 5 CF 01 flag case 15 FS 01 downloading 6 16 YIMP yes 7 SERINI initialize serial 17 FC 01 uploading 8 48 18 YEXP yes 9 PBAUD set speed 19 GTO 05 loop back for next 10 LBL 05 20 END done Refer to the YFNS manual for details on the serial link function Also to appendix 6 for a listing of the CLWRITER and CLREADER the PC programs running on the other end of the serial link c ngel M Martin Page 57 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N CL to CL Connectivity Version 4 of the CL board has the capability to use the serial link without the assistance of a PC connected to it to power the serial bus This opens the possibility to use a modified cable to link two CL machines together with the V4 board installed at least in one of them for the purposes of data and program transferring from one another While transferring complete blocks of ram is little more than a trivial exercise using YEXP and YIMP on each machine dedicated software needs to be written to deal with 41 programs or other choices from the actual calculator memory areas To be continued JAEN ENTER
140. nd XFAT as well as the new FCAT sub function catalogues fulfilled the expectation in their role of master of ceremonies and organizers of the module more about this later on c ngel M Martin Page 5 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 1 Introduction Without a doubt the 41CL can be considered in many accounts to be the pinnacle of the HP 41 system It comes with a well thought out function set to manage its capabilities from the basic to the more adventurous which has inspired the writing of yet further extensions to that capable toolset This module is designed to enhance and complement the YFNS Extreme a k a YFNX function set providing easier access to the many powerful capabilities of the 41CL platform Some are function launchers grouping several functions by their area of functionality into a single prompt driven one like it s the case for the Plug Unplug functions the BAUD rate TURBO and MMU settings functions A launcher of launchers sits atop these providing quick access to multiple YFNX and other functions from a single key assignment Some others extend the functionality by providing new features and more convenient alternative to manual tasks Examples of these are A fully featured ROM library catalog system allowing direct plugging into the port of choice The Page plug functions alternative to the Port ones including routines to handle page 4 HEPAX configuration a
141. nd set up making the HEPAX integration a simple and reliable affair Security functions to password protect your machine from prying eyes Two powerful RAM and ROM editors a hacker s real delight Comprehensive Expanded Memory enhancements of alternate RAM blocs An extended implementation of the Unit Management System with Electrical units support and featuring an all new Constants Library Tons of sub functions in auxiliary FAT groups and many more Other housekeeping functions roundup the set making for a total of 242 functions tightly packed into a bank switched 16k ROM This was a design criterion as the small footprint of the module just one page or effectively 4k makes it ideal to combine with other utility packs most notoriously the CCD OS X or its alter ego AMC OS X for the ultimate control and except some honorable exceptions there is no duplication between the two Page 4 Library and Bank Switching The first thing to say about the PWRCL_EXT module is that like the POWER_CL and previous CL_UTILS revisions it extensively uses routines and functions from the Page 4 Library Make sure the Library 4 revision M or higher is installed on your system or things can go south Refer to the Page 4 Library documentation to properly configure the Library Z4 before you start using it Plugging the Library Z4 on the CL is done using YPOKE to directly write its image location in the MMU register for page 4 Assuming
142. ndly as the CCD Module counterparts PC gt X and X PC as proven by the fact that their input and output are NNN You can use DCD to decode the actual addresses COMPILE Compiles jump distances Global LBL in ALPHA Frits Ferwerda TGPRV Toggle PRIVATE status Program Name in Alpha W amp W GmbH CSST Continuous SST PC position on program Phi Trinh GTEND Goes To END LASTP Go to Last Program ZENROM Manual e TGPRV is the inevitable Set Clear Private status functions with a twist To use it the program name must be in ALPHA This includes programs in RAM or in sRAM seen as ROM by the calculator If Alpha is empty the program pointer must set to any line within the program TGPRV is programmable e GTEND Sends the program counter to the permanent END in program memory the position of the Curtain Almost identical to it is LASTP the difference being that the program pointer is placed at the first line of the Last program in RAM i e the one closest to the END c ngel M Martin Page 85 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e COMPILE is a very powerful function that writes all the jump distances in the GOTO and XEQ instructions within the program named in ALPHA This is extremely useful when uploading a program to a Q RAM device like the HEPAX RAM Having all the jumping distances compiled expedited the execution of the program no need to search for the label and also guarantees that short form GOTO s
143. ng from strictly CL related to practically every other aspect of the 41 system This manual should provide utilization instructions for the functions but not an exhaustive treatment of the subjects involved A thorough documentation of every single one would easily take hundreds of pages and require much more in depth treatment of the topics To access all this many functions they have been structured into sub function groups each of them with an auxiliary FAT These hidden FATs are cleverly interconnected by launchers located in the main page real gateways into the bank switched pages true parallel dimensions of the module All functions are programmable using a non merged approach and thus can be called individually using their index within the group as a second line parameter for the function launcher All this happens automagically when typing the sub function name and its complexity is totally transparent to the user a beauty to behold The programmers of the HEPAX module real MCODE grand masters developed this impressive technique to overcome the 64 functions limit in the FAT The same implementation has been used here adding further capabilities to the functionality that build upon the original design making it easier to use and a little more powerful still Broadly speaking this is the breakdown of their contents a he contents of the Main FAT also known as FAT 0 are essentially the same as in previous versions of t
144. nputting Y Control strings with YINPT The reason why characters and gt are so relevant is the formatting syntax required by many of the functions like YPEEK YPOKE PLUG etc To that effect a most useful function within this group is YINPT which redefines the keyboard as a hex entry 10 9 A F plus a few special control characters as follows J adds the control character gt to the display Q adds the control character to the display K adds the string 16K to the display for bank switched modules L adds the string DBL to the display for 8k modules M adds the string RAM to the display for single 4k modules SST adds the string MAX to the display for 16k modules ENTER adds three zeroes to the display BA removes the last character or groups above or cancel out if Empty R S terminates the entry process and copies the display content to ALPHA Using this function expedites the construction of the Alpha strings required by all other Y Functions make sure you have it assigned to a handy key as it s likely to be used quite frequently or alternatively use it directly from the YMEM launcher option I When used in PROGRAM mode the prompt Y will be replaced by the text in ALPHA so you can have your custom prompts Notice that because it uses the display as repository ALPHA is not altered until the end the valid lengt
145. ocation for the Page 4 Library c Angel M Martin Page 53 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 5 4 Reallocating MMU entries Moved MMU mapping FROM in Y TO in X i Swaps MMU mappings FROM in Y TO in X i It is often the case that you d like to have the MMU mappings changed to either move a current entry to a different page freeing the original one or even to exchange two entries Granted this is doable using the standard U PLUGxx Y functions but such an approach requires knowing the module ID s and or the sRAM addresses where they are physically located New additions to the POWERCL allow doing the changes just using their logical addresses i e the page numbers the MMU entries point to This is much faster and simpler yet also provides nice ways to get you in trouble if not used carefully In revision K both YMOVE and YSWAP are proper MCODE functions Because they are in the PowerCL the page where the PowerCL is located will be excluded or otherwise the program pointer would get lost in the middle of the execution sort of removing the floor from their feet while they re in operation Attempting to do so will show the NO SELF error message Obviously the OS pages must be avoided as well as those system reserved like the printer or HP IL Finally revision L added protection to the YFNS page in a MOVE action as well Try it These functions are meant to be used with 4k RO
146. od enough for the majority of circumstances where one s looking for the appropriate specific unit symbol Navigating the Unit Catalog The catalog can be paused and resumed at any time using R S Besides you can use SST and BST to single step the units forwards and backwards and resuming the listing with SHIFT activated will list them in reverse order Use the arrow key to stop the listing and return to the main OS e A running catalog will automatically terminate when it reaches the end of the unit table or the beginning if running backwards e A single stepped catalog will not go beyond the last unit or first one if moving backwards even if you keep pressing SST or BST To terminate it you can press R S or the back arrow key c ngel M Martin Page 90 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e Use R S to toggle between continuous and single step catalog display at any time during the execution Catalog Hot keys With the unit catalog paused i e in single step mode you can use the following keys to directly edit the unit string in the Alpha register in the following manner e ENTER Clears Alpha and adds the displayed unit symbol to the string e SHIFT ENTER Appends the displayed unit as destination field in the unit string i e appends plus the unit symbol to the text already existing in Alpha e Appends the displayed unit as multiplying unit i e appends plus symbol e
147. ode to Main LIB 147 CLLIB 148 CLUB MERGE 149 CLUB INFMSG BF 6 7NCXQ lt debounce keyboard 150 CLLIB IRSTKE 151 CLUB PORT DEP Display Message 152 CLUB XQ Unless Error Flag is set 153 CLUB BFE 3EE AFEE DSPERR 154 CLUB 10 N 155 CLUB 0 156 CLUB DA als 157 CLLIB 02 043 s 158 CLLIB 3 for U 159 CLUB A704 003 C 160 CLLIB 08 H 161 CLLIB 706 f PORT DEP 162 CLUB A707 08C GO 163 CLUB i 4816 Note how SRCHR is really part of the ADRID function code which also does table look ups for its own purpose This code is written around the table structure refer to the Blueprints for more details 2 ADRID Expects chr amp in BIS amp X 3 ADRID A354 1350 NCXO E 734 ADRID 00 0007 000 ln PCTOC M i 35 ADRID A356 03C RCR3 get page number 36 ADRID LDI S amp X 37 ADRID 358 EE a 4 8 ADRID 35 C C C S amp X double it up 39 ADRID A35 C C A S amp X add offset to it 40 ADRID A35 RCR 11 put it in C 6 3 41 ADRID A35 A C M put it in A 6 3 42 ADRID AB S amp X put reference in A S amp X 13 ADRID A C M bring adr to CIM 44 ADRID 11A A C M keep it in AM 45 ADRID 330 FETCH S amp X read value at address 46 ADRID EB CHO SAX value non zero 47 ADRID 3A0 NHCRTN NO TERMINATE HERE 418 ADRID 363 366 PARC SEX are they different 49 ADRID 364 033 JNC 06 i no gt FOUND 0 ADRID add offset 5 BYTES
148. of the TURBO setting This is about 6 times bigger than the normal HP 41 result 167 333 for what is worth We have Doug Wilder to thank again for writing it using the Time module to keep pace with things e PLNG asks for the program name in the prompt and returns the program length in bytes This function is not programmable and it s extracted from the CCD ROM Note that the ALPHA mode is turned on automatically for you no need to press it twice e XQ GO is a nifty function that drops one RTN address from the subroutine RTN stack This can come very handy when you don t want to return to the calling XEQ while running a subroutine for example depending on the partial results obtained e RTN Is related to the same subject it s another test function that returns YES NO depending on whether there are pending returns in the subroutine RTN stack In fact you could use them combined to cancel the return only if there s a pending RTN to go back to e DCD and CDE are the classic NNN to from Hex utilities also used as subroutines throughout the module and thus made available to the user as individual functions as well Use them to decode the output of PEEKR or to encode the input for POKER albeit HEXIN or HEXKB provide a more interactive way to do the latter see next section for details Note that here too functions CODE and DECODE in the HEPAX2 group basically do the same thing e T gt BS Ten to Base is a prompting fun
149. ors are no doubt amongst these and as such are available in the POWER CL RAM Editor Uses GETKEY KEYFNC NG ROMED ROM Editor Uses Partial Data Ent B RNI NEN CL sRAM Editor Uses AMC OS X Module aaa Editing RAM memory with RAMED Written by Hakan Th rngren this powerful RAM editor rivals with and exceeds it in several aspects the ZENROM implementation It was first published in PPCJ V13 N4 p26 you re encouraged to check his original contribution for a complete description of the functionality and usage The starting address is taken from the X register in RUN mode as decimal value between 0 and 999 or from the program pointer in PRGM mode The display shows two distinct fields with the nybble amp byte section shown on the left side and the actual register content shown on the right as a 7 digit scrollable field controlled by the USER and PRGM keys very much like the CX s ASCII file editor ED Nybble D the 13 within the register is selected upon start up with the cursor centered in the middle of the field and its value blinking on the display At this point you can use the control characters to move between both areas and within the fields or the digit keys plus A F to input the nybble HEX values being edited Scrolling includes a tone to signal the wrap around condition within the register as the nybble being edited is updated in the address field on the left Without a doubt a real tour de force and a masterful
150. ows NULL and cancels the action In RUN mode the function is executed and in PRGM mode it s added as a program step if programmable or directly executed if not programmable The functionality works in RUN and PRGM modes entering the last function or sub function as a program line in PRG mode Error Handling If no last function information yet exists the warning message NO LASTF is shown If the buffer 9 is not present the error message is NO BUF instead LASTF Implementation details The Last Function functionality is a two step process a first one unattended to capture the function id when it is executed and a second one triggered by the user s action that retrieves it shows the function name and finally parses it for re execution All launchers in the PowerCL and other advanced modules have been enhanced to store the appropriate function information either index codes or full names in registers within a dedicated buffer with id 9 The buffer is maintained automatically by the module created if not present when the calculator is switched ON and its contents are preserved while it is turned off during deep sleep No user interaction is required There is one register in the buffer reserved for each of the modules featuring this functionality PowerCL SandMath and SandMatrix plus the buffer header register also stores the 41Z last function which is always in the main FAT Therefore up to four la
151. propriate syntax at the PLUG function prompt Whether you use a copy in sRAM or it s already burned in FLASH make sure that the four banks occupy contiguous blocks or the PLUG command will not work properly For example assume the banks are copied into locations 0x840 to 0x843 on the V3 V4 CL board any other group of contiguous addresses will also work even in V2 systems Then this will be the syntax required to plug it in page 9 Execute PLUG 840 pg You can use page 6 or page 7 on V3 V4 CL boards obviously without a Printer or the HP IL connected as the module is designed to be completely compatible with those system locations Using the new Image Database functions Version V4 of the CL board comes with the POWERCL EXT module already burned in flash thus can be plugged in simply by using its mnemonic PWRX at the PLUG function prompt Note that this will NOT take care of the Library 4 dependency which you ll have to do manually as well To create a new entry in the IMDB for POWERCL EXT you can use function IMDBINS once the four banks are loaded in sRAM You ll need to provide an address and mnemonic making sure you specify the 16k type Refer to the CL manual for instructions and the proper syntax WARNING Be aware of the dependency with the Library 4 which requires it to also be configured for the proper operation of the functions Failure to do this will cause surely unexpected and likely unpleasant results Ref
152. rgy amp Time 1 1 MIN minute Time Energy amp Time 1 1 MJ megajoule Energy Energy amp Time MO month Time Energy amp Time MW megawatt Power Energy amp Time S second Time Energy amp Time 1 1 THERM 10 5 BTU Energy Energy amp Time W watt Power Energy amp Time 1 1 YR year Time Energy amp Time c ngel M Martin Page 94 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 5 Electrical amp Luminance Units ud A Ampere Electrical Current CB Coulomb Electric Charge CD Candela Luminous Intensi FD Farad Capacitance FDY Faraday Electric Charge FRE Franklin Electric Charge GSS Gauss Magnetic Field HY Henry Inductance KO kOhm Resistance LM Lumen Luminious Flux LX Lux Illuminance MAY mHenry Inductance MX Maxwell Magnetic Flux 0 Ohm Resistance OED Dersted Magnetic Intensi PFD pFarad Capacitance TS Tesla Magnetic Field V Volt Voltage WB Weber Magnetic Flux Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical E e kg Oc pascal Pa Nim gray CNN kg MASS PRESSURE ABSORBED DOSE f DOSE EQUIVALENT can a A mi Aet ys cua s hertz Vs ENERGY o5 7 FREQUENCY QUANTITY OF HEAT HEAT FLO FLOW bare ora Prec LANA 2 TALL EL eL katal ota f wober D henry Wb A tesis Whim CATAL
153. s The figures below show two possible overlays for the Ram and ROM Editor functions RAMED and ROMED For comparison purposes I have also prepared similar virtual overlays for the more capable versions of the same functions included in the ZENROM and the HEPAX Interestingly the overlay for ROMED could be simply a subset of the HEXEDIT overlay so it d appear killing two birds with the same stone Ls E p a s Lo La 5 15 2 Le ff aga ROMED Rom Editor ROMED Wrom RAMEDIT GetKey RAMED Zenrom c ngel M Martin Page 52 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 5 3 YEDIT Quick amp Dirty SRAM Editors RAMED and ROMED are capable of editing the complete content of the RAM and ROM plugged to the CL via the MMU settings but obviously cannot be used to edit the content of the sRAM on the CL board YEDIT closes that gap in a minimalist approach that provides a simple but elegant way to drive YPEEK and YPOKE instructions automatically so that the SRAM words can be edited The execution starts by asking for the starting sRAM or Flash address as a six digit hex format It then gets into a loop reviewing every word in a sequential manner using R S or Y for each consecutive word Use N to get into the editing screen input the new values 4 digits are required and follow with R S It comes without saying that YEDIT isn t able to edit the data in Flash sectors
154. s follows id 8 buffer at address 197 size 12 properly allocated If the module is not present during the CALC ON event that s to say it won t re brand the buffer id the 41 OS will mark the buffer space as reclaimable which will occur at the moment that PACKING or PACK is performed So it s possible to have temporary orphan buffers which will show a question mark next to the id in the display This is a rather strange occurrence so most likely won t be shown but it s there just in case Perhaps the best example is the Time module which uses a dedicated buffer to store the alarms data c ngel M Martin Page 26 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The table below lists some of the well known buffers that can be found on the system Data File pointers CCD Module Advantage xtended IL Skwid Accessory ID of current device 1 O NEN EN INN 4 Oo 5 6 E 7 Extended IL Skwid Printing column number amp Width 18 9 10 a ae 2 o B Complex Stack and Mode Time Module Alarms Information IL Buffer and Monitoring 14 Advantage SandMath INTEG amp SOLVE scratch 15 Mainframe Key Assignments Cs 1 2 3 4 5 7 10 11 12 13 14 15 BFCAT has a few hot keys to perform the following actions in manual mode R S stops the automated listing and toggles with the manual mode upon repeat pressings D for instant buffer del
155. s functions are incorporated in here as well as follows BUFHD BufferHeader AddresstoX AngelMatin CRBUF CreatesBuffer ID SIZEinX Angel Martin DELBUF Deletes Buffer Bufferid amp inX Angel Martin GETBF Gets Buffer from file FileName in Alpha id in X Hakan Th rngren GETZS Gets Z Stack from file FileName in Alpha Angel Martin REIDBF Re issue Buffer id OLDID NEWID in X Angel Martin Resize Buffer ID SIZE in X Angel Martin SAVEBF Save Buffer to File FileName in Alpha id in X Hakan Th rngren SAVEZS Saves Z Stack to File FileName in Alpha Angel Martin Not listed here is the queen buffer function BFCAT which was included in the CATALOGS section covered before A quick summary recap on buffer theory will help understand this section better 1 Buffers reside in the I O area of RAM which starts at address OxOCO and extends up until the END register is found Typically they are located right above the Key Assignments registers the only exception being buffer 14 used by the Advantage Pac to hold the SOLVE and INTEG data expected to be in fixed addresses by the code Note that this implies that the actua location of a buffer will be dynamically changed when Key assignments are made or removed when timer alarms are set or run and possibly also when other buffers are removed either by the OS housekeeping tasks or using the buffer functions Each buffer has a header reg
156. sition ready to retrieve the next character if needed e CLEM is an expeditious Extended Memory eraser all files will be gone just by deleting the content of the X Mem main status register at address 0x040 In RUN mode the function will show the message DIR EMPTY for confirmation e CLRAM will go beyond the previous scope also clearing the contents of Main memory Buffers Key assignments and data registers in sum ALL RAM will be gone Similar to MEMORY LOST for all that counts so use it at your own risk e FHD will return the absolute address in decimal for the Header register of the file named in Alpha This is useful as input for PEEKR and POKER RAMED and other memory editing functions e FLTYPE returns the type of the file which name is given in Alpha Valid file types are shown in the table below note the five custom extensions supported by the AMC OS X module Fe pram onta asca watix eurer ve o x ov x ow 0we 1 2 3 5 5 6 7 8 29 c ngel M Martin Page 69 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N e RENMFL is a handy utility that renames an X Mem file The syntax is the same used by RENAME for the HPIL Disks that is the string OLDNAME NEWNAME must be in alpha The function will check that the OLDNAME file exists FL NOT FOUND condition otherwise and that there isn t any other filed named NEWNAME already DUP FL error message e RETPFL is a bit
157. st functions can be simultaneously available A total of five registers are used as follows oe SandMatrix fcn id or name SandMath fcn id or name PowerCL fcn id or name Time based Seed RND bO Buffer Header w 41z fcn id The stored format of the function id can be either a string of alpha characters stored in reversed order representing the function name or a three digit hex value representing the sub function index In the latter case the MS field is marked with an F to tell the cases apart When the LASTF action is triggered pressing the Radix key the code seeks for the function data in the relevant buffer register depending on the module carrying the action When found it displays the sub function name either by mirror imaging the id or by looking it up in the corresponding auxiliary FAT Finally it s parsed to the corresponding section responsible for the execution of the sub functions The LASTF and function name displaying facility together immensely facilitates dealing with sub functions almost as if there were standard functions from the main FAT Go ahead and try it it s quite something to behold c ngel M Martin Page 20 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N EI L C Fols 24 2 1 Extended Execution Pressing XEQ at the main prompt even if not shown in the cue will connect with this launcher introduced in revision 4B of the PowerCL It gathers all relevant
158. sting content of the HRAM pages overwritten with blank FLASH templates Therefore the medium warning sign proceed with caution Before the page prompt a conformation will be requested for safety showing the message OK Y N you know what to do See the appendix 2 for a listing of the FOCAL programs that implement this functionality WARNING because the page is used for the XROM id some conflicts will occur when using pages C or F clashing with YFNS and POWERCLXROM id s Make sure you EDIT those manually Re Initializing the Pages control fields HEPAX Fns Launcher Prompts 4 8 6 H I D Accessible from XCLF HEPINI Initializes File System Prompts for values Author Howard Owen HEPINI is used to initialize the HEPAX File System on the CL This is needed on the CL because this feature is disabled in the HEPAX ROM image included in the CL Library thus the addition here Jt a so allows for dynamic configuration changes modifying the number and location of HRAM pages set up In manual mode the function takes two parameters the number of HEPAX RAM pages to configure and the address of the first one Note that even if the first prompt is a DECIMAL entry the double quotes will remind you that the second one is in HEX with valid inputs being 8 9 and A F HEPINI is also programmable In PRGM mode it takes the number of HRAM pages from Y and the first page address from X both in DECIMAL format The proc
159. t m IY fases 27A C C 122 CLUB EI ABER 03C RCR3 place it in CIS amp X 123 CLUB AGES 0E6 CeB S amp X save chrit in B S amp X c ngel M Martin Page 107 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The last part is about presenting the chosen key allowing NULLing if it s held down long enough Resetting everything back to normal conditions CLNUP and see whether there actually exists such a section before we launch into a blindfold enumeration This is done by the subroutine SRCHR which will fetch the address in the ROM id table where the section starts With that we ll transfer the execution to the ROMLIB function code where the actual enumeration will take place only with a padded value to start from as opposed to doing it from the top of the table d MOVEON JAGES 379 PORTDEF CleanUp and Show ABEA 103C XQ Allows NULLing d k k p Go a EICEIcIc DOO I oO I m n oloipoonoo T LLI 31 CLLIB 132 CLLIB 3 G3 PS na h Po PS amp Jil j UT e e e e o c T 133 CLUB aer2 06 A cS amp X s ave offsetin ASX 134 CLUB A6F3 349 PORT DEP Search Char in B S amp X 135 CLUB ABFA 08C xQ start offset in A S amp X 136 CLLIB ABF5 1353 24353 SRCHRI 145 CLUB 23 NC 04 not found bail out with style 146 CLLIB Transfer c
160. ta as NNN in X Control Data as NNN in X none Prompting page in X in PRGM none Prompting page in X in PRGM none HexCode in ALPHA none bbbbeeee in X as NNN NNN in X adr in X NNN Pwd in ALPHA none Prompting Pg in X in PRGM FROM in X TO in prompt Prompting Pg in X in PRGM Prompting Pagett in X in PRGM Output tats CAT 2 at this point ROM edited as per inputs Page in X onverted number in ALPHA Launches function Launches function Launches function Launches function ed functi onverted unit in X ontents exchanged Lists units starting at section we es No skips if False hows error if not present ain Memory saved in block tatus Regs Saved in block xtended Mem saved in Block tatus Regs exchanged Extended Mem saved in block xtended Mem exchanged Main Memory restored from block tatus Regs Restored from block Ext Mem Restored from block Deletes rightmost character lears from gt char to the right Disables MMU if not found Copies data to block 0 4 waps Data between blocks 1 3 Disables the MMU Alpha swapped around gt Pauses for 1 second tring in Alpha Number in X tring in Alpha es No skips line if false tring in Alpha NNN in X OK BAD message lears block content SRAM only HexCode in Alpha En Decrypts pg content tring in Alpha Header in Alpha XROM funct In X opies page from to Number in X stack lifted Sums page and writes value c ngel M Martin
161. ted in other plug in modules as long as they are not plugged in the same PORT as the POWER CL TONE 0 20 PWD lt gt 6 21 AVIEW 22 GTOO2 23 END The original FOG function was written by Derek Amos and published in PPCCJ V12N5 p3 c Angel M Martin Page 42 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N MM YBK CHWYNPT XM YBK YPEEK eo hat z Q k YBKSWP YPOKE YEDIT Welcome to the most recent addition to the PWRCL EXT module These functions are not included in the POWER CL version and have only recently been made available They require the YFNX module to operate The following error message will be displayed if the FNX module is not found Note that this check is based on the FAT entry order for function MMU This is less fool proof that looking into the module checksum information but it s more flexible approach that will work with different revisions of YFNX as long as such function order has not changed The intent here has been to include in the launcher the most frequently accessed functions like YPEEK and YPOKE together with a couple of favorite ones YEDIT and YINPT described somewhere else in this manual YEDIT sRAM mini Editor Input ADR then YN WARNING YPEEK ST YBK Status Regs To Block Destination Block X j XM YBK Extended Mem to Block __ Destination Block inX YBK ST BlocktoStatusRegs SouceBlok amp inX
162. the library image is loaded at location 0x83F in SRAM the syntax is enter 804040 883F in ALPHA then execute YPOKE This module is to the author s knowledge one of the very few ones using bank switching The idea of using an auxiliary bank originated from the usage of the very long ROM image internal table required by CLLIB and ROMLIB Even after completing the page 4 aware version of CL UTILS it was clear that a bank switching version would be the ultimate solution which also enabled an enhanced implementation of the Unit Management System UMS to be included Subsequent versions doubled the number of banks expanding from 2 to 4 and added the sub functions launchers FAT catalogs and many other functions to the list touching a large variety of functional areas Buffer management Extended Memory enhancements Alpha functions HEPAX functions And last but definitely not least the CL Expanded Memory functions for backup c ngel M Martin Page 6 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N The main launcher was tweaked to also connect with the FAT groups via the dedicated sub function catalogs and launchers XQ1 XQ2 XXEQ and XFAT enough to make your head spin but yet easy to grasp We can say this is the all wheel drive version 4x4 with the four banks using the Library 4 Bank switching is managed behind the scenes by the launchers Each function is responsible for returning to Bank 1 upon completion
163. timeouts but these were probably because I left out step 4 BAUD12 7 Execute PLUGIL with 80D RAM in the Alpha register 8 Verify using CATALOG 2 that I m now running YFNS 1E CLREADER follows somehow the reverse process Make sure you execute CLREADER on the PC first followed by YEXP so there won t be any data stream missed Using TURBOBO settings the transfer rate can safely be increased to 4800 and most likely up to 9600 without any data loss More critical is the padding time which heavily depends on your system hardware I have obtained reliable results with 1 ms and 4800 as my standard settings in either direction write and read c ngel M Martin Page 109 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N using System using System IO using System IO Ports using System Threading public class CLWriter public static void Main string args int baudrate 1200 int delay 0 if args Length lt 2 Console Error WriteLine Usage Console Error WriteLine 0 file port baudrate delay CLWriter Console Error WriteLine Console Error WriteLine Where baud defaults to 0 baudrate Console Error WriteLine and delay defaults to 0 delay Console Error WriteLine Available Ports Console Error WriteLine foreach string s in SerialPort GetPortNames Console Error WriteLine 0 s j return string filename args 0 string portname args 1
164. to Disk XEQ changed to XROM Location in X Instruction syntax in ALPHA Flag is cleared Program compiled Location in X Lists steps in sequence hows text non stop urrent SIZE in X ests flag and sets it of available REGS in X ests flag and sets it File Size in X PC value in X as NNN ets PC to the END ets PC to last program in memory PU cycles sec in X reg contents exchanged Flg status toggled PRV status toggled File is written to Drive XM Contents written to Drive Reg contents exchanged RTN ADR deleted Z Re jim in Alpha um of digits in X result in X stack drops result in X stack drops result in X stack drops Not X number in X result in X stack drops Rotate X Left number in X result in X stack drops 82 RXR Rotate X Right number in X result in X stack drops 83 WSIZE ord Size Finder none ord size in X 84 XANDY and Y numbers in X and Y result in X stack drops 85 IXORY or Y numbers in X and Y result in X stack drops 86 IX Y Y numbers in X and Y result in X stack drops 87 Y X X numbers in X and Y result in X stack drops 88 Y N Prompts for Y N keys Uses control keys kips line if N c ngel M Martin Page 11 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Function Description Inputs eias e pem FAT 1 Uses control keys me O CON DMN BW N iew Buffer Content Buffer Header Clear Extended memory Clears complete RAM Create Buffer Delete Buffer Copies X Mem F
165. tween the implementations of the Unit Conversion System as found in the different modules 1 Geometry Units 5 s E symbo Unit F3 Magnitude EA Group E Siz E ACRE acre Surface Geometry 1 1 ANG angstrom Length Geometry 1 1 1 AU Astronomical Unit Length Geometry 1 BBL Barrel of petroleum Volume Geometry 1 1 1 CM Centimeter Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 FT Foot Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 GAL Gallon US Volume Geometry 1 1 1 1 GALUK Gallon UK Volume Geometry 1 IN Inch Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 KM kilometer Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 L liter Volume Geometry 1 1 1 1 LY Light Year Length Geometry 1 M meter Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 MI mile Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 MIC micron Length Geometry 1 1 1 MIL 1 1000 inch Length Geometry 1 1 1 ML milliliter Volume Geometry 1 1 1 1 MM millimeter Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 PC Parsec Length Geometry 1 UM micrometer Length Geometry 1 YD yard Length Geometry 1 1 1 1 2 Force and Pressure Units 5 i symbo Unit Magnitude ka Group Sim E ATM Atmosphere Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 BAR Bar Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 DYNE Dyne Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 FTH2O Foot of Water Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 INHG Inch of Mercury Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 INH2O Inch of Water Pressure Force amp Pressure 1 1 KGF Kilogram Force Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 KIP Kilopound Force Force Force amp Pressure 1 1 KPA kilopascal Pressure Force a
166. ty This is a handy choice for repeat executions of the same function i e to execute again the last executed function without having to type its name or navigate the different launchers to access it The implementation is not universal it only covers functions invoked using the dedicated launchers but not those called using the mainframe XEQ function It does however support three scenarios a Functions in the module main FATs b Functions on any other module when called using XQ1 XQ2 c Sub functions from the auxiliary FATS Because functions from the latter group cannot be assigned to a key in the user keyboard the LASTF solution is especially useful in this case The following table summarizes the launchers that have this feature Module Launchers LASTF Method PowerCL 4BS B S XCAT TURBO BAUD MMU Captures sub fnc id revision N IMDB HEPX YMEM XXEQ PLUG IOBUS IOPGZ STR ALP Captures sub fnc id XQ XQ2 Captures sub fnc NAME XFAT Captures sub fnc id FCAT XEQ Captures sub fnc id For consistency sake all prompts connect to the Alphabetical sub function launcher XQ2 using the ALPHA key and with the index sub function launcher XFAT using the USER key Note as well that the Alphabetical launchers XQ1 XQ2 will switch to ALPHA mode automatically i e there s no need to press ALPHA to start spelling the function name Spelling the function name is terminated pressing
167. type address Arguably there is redundancy in maintaining a duplicate of the IMDB and a potential source of errors if there is divergence between both In the ideal scenario this should not be required however it was coded very early in the days of the beta version of the CL board before the IMDB was implemented It is also an integral part of functions ADRID MMUCAT and PLUGG which makes it rather difficult to eliminate now after its pivotal character An obvious limitation is that the PowerCL knows nothing about new IMDB entries made after its release or those you may have added to it in your own CL system It will also get out of sync if you re locate ROM images within the IMDB although this is quite a corner case not likely to occur with the 99 99 of users c ngel M Martin Page 48 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N pg HIYHNLEI STUFF 2 5 1 Using Page 4 As mentioned previously page 4 is a special case that requires its own dedicated un plugging functions not covered by PLUGG or the native U PLUG ones either PPG 4 Plugs ROM in page 4 Prompts F L S f UPGG4 l Unplugs ROM from p4 The 41 OS reserves Page 4 as a special location There are frequent checks done during strategic moments to specific locations that can be used to take control on the system even over the OS itself if that was required as it happens with the diagnostics executed from the different SERVICE ROMS
168. unctions PPG 4 and UPLG4 They give you a convenient way to configure those special modules that plug on page 4 like the Service ROM the FORTH module and the LaitRAM Note however that the Library 4 is not one of them as it needs to be already configured for the PWRCL_EXT to work Key will call functions PLUGG in the un shifted mode and LOCK in the shifted mode The former is a quick method to find out the module plugged into a page simpler than the standard approach using PLUG and the question mark in the prompt syntax See the YFNX manual for details on LOCK c Angel M Martin Page 17 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N Remarks Exercise extra caution with pages 6 and 7 as those locations may be used by system extensions like Printer or HP IL Page 6 in particular has more strict demands on the ROM layout that makes it non suitable for the majority of ROMS Note that pages 6 and 7 on V2 version of the CL board don t support bank switching thus they unfortunately aren t a good place for the HEPAX ROM for V2 systems but makes it the ideal location for V3 boards where said restriction was removed Note PLUG PLUGG and PLGG will also allow 4 as valid input which is nice but potentially very dangerous In that instance the dedicated functions are not invoked and the page 4 is used as any other one Be careful not to inadvertently plug any module not specifically designed for it For ex
169. y one YPOKE away from a permanent solution if POWERCL resides in SRAM And what about the Library Z4 The Library 4 is not one of the choices offered by PPG 4 because ts assumed to be already installed for the POWERCL module to work This configuration must be done manually This is an important point so make sure to always have the Library Z4 plugged in order to use the POWER CL module The library contains routines used by many functions in the module thus it must be present for proper execution Failure to do so will create unexpected issues ranging from unpleasant to harmful events WARNING Be aware that just plugging unplugging the Library 4 once you have it burned in Flash or copied in SRAM will not check for its presence It is therefore strongly recommended to power cycle the machine in order to perform the Library 4 existence check As always refer to the Library 4 documentation for additional details c ngel M Martin Page 49 of 113 November 2014 PowerCL Module Revision 4N 2 5 2 RAM and ROM Editors Placing the ROM image library on bank 2 freed up a large amount of space for additional functions to be included in the POWER CL module as can be seen by looking at its full FAT list The choice of functions added over previous CL UTILS incarnations was clearly meant to have a comprehensive and self contained function set that included some the best examples ever written for the HP 41 system RAM and ROM edit

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