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1. e lt E e e CN e s uu Im T e N T e T e Kes a 00 al ox 2 Sn 5 e PLI S 4 o N 4 e gt os 1 e LO s wu 0 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 Freq Hz 0 04 0 02 Figure 3 12 Amplitude spectra for the station SPECFEM3D GLOBE spectra red Mineos blue 86 APPENDIX BENCHMARKING BILL LHZ c E lt 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 nn 400 600 800 m 1000 1200 1400 1600 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 Figure B 13 Synthetic seismograms for SPECFEM3D_GLOBE red and Mineos blue Station BILL channel LHZ Distance 57 417 Az 103 266 The top plot shows the whole record the others plot separate fragments B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 87 BILL LHN o AM 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 100 Jn 1000 1200 1400 1600 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 88 APPENDIX BENCHMARKING BILL LHE 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 2800 3200 I A 400 E 200 A 0 amp 200 400 400 600 800 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 89 10 BILL LHZ 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 10 BILL LHN 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 1
2. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify 8 version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 12 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY
3. 900 Amp nm 200 300 400 500 A ro vn JN 2 Br A Wr ET 600 700 800 900 4 gt Al N 5 1000 1100 1200 1300 Time 5 Figure 3 9 Synthetic seismograms for SPECFEM3D_GLOBE red Mineos blue Station TLY channel LHZ Distance 26 308 Az 175 417 The top plot shows the whole record the others plot separate fragments B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 83 TLY LHN 9000 6000 3000 a 3000 AU 6000 9000 Amp nm 100 200 300 400 500 500 600 700 800 900 o 5000 Me r j 0 Ry 5000 10000 i 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Figure B 10 The same as Figure B 9 but for the LHN channel 84 APPENDIX B BENCHMARKING TLY LHE gt 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 150 100 200 300 400 500 30000 15000 i 0 15000 30000 45000 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 nm Amp 500 Time s o 500 1000 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 Figure 3 11 The same Figure B 9 but for the LHE channel 85 B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE TLY LHZ x 10 B 0 16 TLY LHN Ut T CN ME e TS e ES ut my oh il 4 x en IM F a sv e ow gt A pS e i gt 5 49 cos
4. Woodhouse J H and F A Dahlen 1978 The effect of a general aspherical perturbation on the free oscillation of the Earth Geophys J R Astr Soc 53 335 354 SPECFEM3D_GLOBE Version 3 6 User Manual CIG CIT October 24 2006 63 64 BIBLIOGRAPHY Appendix Model Example One dimensional aniziotropic PREM noocean model The PREM water layer is filled with solid crust The columns in the model table have the following names radius rho vpv qkappa qshear vph vsh eta PREM MODEL 0 0000 0 000 anisotropic case 1 1 00000 1 185 33 66 0 13088 50 11262 20 3667 80 1327 7 84 6 11262 20 3667 80 1 00000 38172 13088 18 11261 97 3667 64 1327 7 84 6 11261 97 3667 64 1 00000 76344 13087 23 11261 29 3667 16 1327 7 84 6 11261 29 3667 16 1 00000 114516 13085 64 11260 14 3666 36 1327 7 84 6 11260 14 3666 36 1 00000 152688 13083 42 11258 54 3665 25 1327 7 84 6 11258 54 3665 25 1 00000 190859 13080 57 11256 49 3663 81 1327 7 84 6 11256 49 3663 81 1 00000 229031 13077 08 11253 98 3662 05 1327 7 84 6 11253 98 3662 05 1 00000 267203 13072 95 11251 01 3659 98 1327 7 84 6 11251 01 3659 98 1 00000 305375 13068 19 11247 58 3657 58 1327 7 84 6 11247 58 3657 58 1 00000 343547 13062 80 11243 70 3654 87 1327 7 84 6 11243 70 3654 87 1 00000 381719 13056 77 11239 35 3651 83 1327 7 84 6 11239 35 3651 83 1 00000 419891 13050 11 11234 56 3648 48 1327 7 84 6 11234 56 3648 48 1 00000 458062 13042 81 11229 30 3644 81 1327 7 84 6 1122
5. 57823 57823 57823 APPENDIX A MODEL EXAMPLE 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 143 12152 12102 12052 12001 11950 11897 11844 11790 11735 11679 11623 11565 11506 11446 11386 11324 40 11197 11132 11065 11065 10960 10856 10751 10266 10157 10157 9986 9816 9645 9474 9304 9133 8905 8861 8818 8775 8732 8688 11261 07 63 51 66 06 68 49 46 56 76 02 33 65 94 18 35 31 05 59 60 91 15 32 17 76 43 77 12 47 82 17 52 24 96 67 38 10 81 6669 6649 6629 6609 6589 6568 6547 6526 6504 6482 6459 6437 6413 6390 6366 6342 6317 6292 6266 6240 6240 6142 6043 5945 5570 5516 5515 5418 45 5321 5224 5126 5029 4932 4769 4754 4738 4722 4706 4691 46 85 97 81 36 61 54 15 42 35 92 13 97 41 46 10 33 13 48 39 54 04 57 13 21 02 93 69 21 97 73 49 90 15 40 65 90 15 00000 00000 00000 000
6. To reduce noise at spectral edges all seismograms were half cosine tapered with corner frequencies 1 200 1 100 Hz and 1 12 1 10 Hz Figures B 5 B 16 illustrate three component seismograms and amplitude spectra for the BJT and BILL stations SPECFEM3D GLOBE results are plotted in red Mineos in blue The test shows that synthetic seismograms and spectra for both methods are close Attempts to increase the high cut frequency e g to 5 sec led to differences in some places with periods close to 8 sec This probably resulted because the SPECFEM3D GLOBE spectral elements were not small enough 78 APPENDIX B BENCHMARKING BJT LHZ 12000 6000 6000 12000 18000 Amp nm o 200 400 600 800 1000 4000 2000 2000 4000 100 200 300 400 8000 4000 4000 8000 400 500 600 700 18000 12000 6000 6000 12000 18000 800 900 1000 5 Figure B 5 Synthetic seismograms for SPECFEM3D_GLOBE red and Mineos blue Station BJT channel LHZ Distance 19 123 Az 135 267 The top plot shows the whole record the others plot separate fragments B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 79 BJT LHN 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 60000 nm Amp 200 400 600 800 1000 4000 100 200 300 400 wm 60000 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 60000 400 500 600 7
7. Warning message The number of requested points for the Green s functions exceeds the maximum allowed value mseis The number is reduced to mseis and the program continues to run To increase the maximum value change mseis to a new bigger value in the green h header and recompile the green program By default mseis 30000 WARNING green of channels is stripped to 3 Warning message Number of sensors channels components in a group cannot be greater than 3 Only the first three sensors are taken into account WARNING green of channels is stripped to 1 Warning message Number of sensors in a group cannot be equal to 2 Only the first sensor is taken into account WARNING green Channel 1 is not vertical Sequence ignored Warning message Channel with Z component must be the first in the group The group of channels is rejected WARNING green Channel nnn is not horizontal Sequence ignored Warning message Second and third channels in the group must be horizontal components nnn is the channel number in the group The group of channels is rejected 3 3 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 GREEN PROGRAM 31 ERRO10 green max 1 nnn must be le ml Error message The max angular order number nnn for some mode exceeds the parameter ml set up in the green h header Program is terminated To avoid the problem make ml bigger than nnn in the green h header and recompile the program It is not recommended
8. 25 44 96 78 87 19 7 45 32 38 51 68 84 05 04 90 61 15 47 55 36 87 05 87 30 87 94 51 54 99 85 7265 7265 7265 7265 7265 7249 7232 7216 7199 7183 7166 7150 7134 7118 7102 7085 7069 7053 7037 7020 7004 6987 38 6971 6954 6938 31 6904 6887 6870 6852 6835 6817 6799 99 6921 6781 6763 6745 6726 6707 6688 03 37 69 97 93 23 63 12 68 30 98 70 44 21 00 78 55 30 02 70 32 89 79 10 41 38 21 90 43 80 99 79 38 76 90 80 A A E 67 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 68 4906852 4943333 4979815 5016296 5052778 5089259 5125741 5162222 5198704 5235185 5271667 5308148 5344630 5381111 5417593 5454074 5490556 5527037 5563518 5600000 5600000 5633667 5667333 5701000 5701000 5771000 5771000 5804333 5837667 5871000 5904333 5937667 5971000 5971000 5993500 6016000 6038500 6061000 6083500 4840 4820 4800 4780 4760 4740 4720 4699 4679 4658 4637 4616 4595 4574 4552 4531 4509 4487 4465
9. 3127109 3197688 3268266 3338844 3409422 3480000 3480000 12821 12802 12783 12763 12166 12129 12090 12049 12007 11963 11917 11869 11819 11766 11712 11656 11598 11537 11474 11409 11341 11271 11199 11124 11046 10966 10884 10798 10710 10619 10526 10429 10330 10228 10123 10014 9903 5566 67 96 60 61 33 26 47 91 54 32 20 14 08 99 82 52 05 37 42 17 57 58 14 21 76 73 07 75 72 93 34 91 58 31 06 79 44 46 11070 11056 11042 11028 10355 10314 10272 10229 10185 10139 10093 10045 9995 9944 43 9891 9836 9779 9721 9660 9597 41 9531 9463 9392 9319 9242 9163 9081 8995 8906 8814 8718 8619 8516 8409 8298 8183 8064 13716 07 59 65 26 72 43 30 21 05 71 08 05 51 34 69 98 22 27 04 27 50 01 68 40 05 53 7 53 83 51 46 58 74 85 79 62 3533 3524 3514 3504 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7264 53 11 37 31 65 1327 1327 1327 1327 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823
10. 4443 4443 4422 4401 4380 3992 3975 3975 3933 3891 3849 3807 3765 3723 3543 3529 3516 3502 3489 3476 55 79 91 93 83 61 27 80 21 48 62 62 48 19 75 16 42 51 44 20 20 53 71 74 12 82 82 81 80 78 77 76 75 26 83 39 96 52 08 12152 12102 12052 12001 11950 11897 11844 11790 11735 11679 11623 11565 11506 11446 11386 11324 40 11197 11132 11065 11065 10960 10856 10751 10266 10157 10157 9987 9816 9645 9475 9304 9133 8905 8861 8818 8775 8732 8688 11261 07 63 51 66 06 68 49 46 56 76 02 33 65 94 18 35 31 05 59 60 91 15 32 17 76 83 17 52 87 22 57 92 24 96 67 38 10 81 6669 6649 6629 6609 6589 6568 6547 6526 6504 6482 6459 6437 6413 6390 6366 6342 6317 6292 6266 6240 6240 6142 6043 5945 5570 5516 5515 5418 45 5321 5224 5126 5029 4932 4769 4754 4738 4722 4706 4691 46 85 97 81 36 61 54 15 42 35 92 13 97 41 46 10 33 13 48 39 54 04 57 13 21 02 9 69 21 97 7 49 90 15 40 65 90 15 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823
11. 7265 7265 7249 7232 7216 7199 7183 7166 7150 7134 7118 7102 7085 7069 7053 7037 7020 7004 6987 6971 6954 6938 6921 6904 6887 6870 6852 6835 6817 6799 6781 6763 6745 6726 6707 6688 03 37 69 97 93 23 63 12 68 30 98 70 44 21 00 78 55 30 02 70 32 89 38 79 10 31 41 38 21 90 43 80 99 99 79 38 76 90 80 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 312 13707 13698 13689 13680 13680 13636 13592 13548 13505 13462 13420 13377 13335 13293 30 13251 13209 13167 13125 13083 98 13000 12958 12915 12873 12831 12788 12745 12702 12658 12615 12570 12526 31 13041 12481 12435 12389 12343 12296 12248 12200 45 36 36 44 42
12. 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 APPENDIX A MODEL EXAMPLE PEP 0 312 9891 9531 11070 11056 11042 11028 10355 10314 10272 10229 10185 10139 10093 10045 9995 9944 43 9836 9779 9721 9660 9597 41 9463 9392 9319 9242 9163 9081 8995 8906 8814 8718 8619 8516 8409 8298 8183 8064 0 13716 07 59 65 26 72 43 30 21 05 71 08 05 51 34 69 98 22 27 04 27 50 01 68 40 05 53 7 53 83 51 46 58 74 85 79 62 3533 3524 3514 31 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7264 o HS 53 11 37 65 PA RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP RP PRP E 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
13. 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 52 24 95 56 85 15 44 73 02 02 17 32 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4675 4659 4643 4436 39 4486 65 4461 4511 4536 90 99 4561 4561 4586 89 4611 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 40 65 90 26 52 78 94 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 gt gt gt gt gt gt gt gt p gt RPP 0000000000 0 00 gt 69 00000 00000 00000 97646 96557 95468 94379 93290 92201 92201 91120 90039 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 70 APPENDIX A MODEL EXAMPLE Appendix Benchmarking Due to modification of the Mineos codes the revised version has been benchmarked again Three benchmark tests were performed a test against the original code at UCSD
14. a test against Bob Hermann s eigenfunction and synthetic seismogram code for fundamental modes and a test against SPECFEM3D GLOBE v3 6 code designed for simulation of three dimensional global seismic wave propagation based upon the spectral element method SEM B 1 Revised Version vs UCSD Version This test consists of computation by both codes of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for all types of oscillation spheroidal toroidal inner core toroidal and radial and finally synthetic seismograms for spheroidal toroidal and radial oscillations Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions were computed for the first four branches n 0 1 2 3 in the frequency range from zero to 0 25 Hz The test showed a perfect matching of the eigenvalues eigenfunctions and synthetic seismograms for both codes Differences did not exceed the last significant digit The most important difference of the revised version against the UCSD code is that the revised code uses sensor orientation Up instead of Down The revised code uses the coordinate system Up South and East so we need to reverse the sign of all Green s functions and synthetic seismograms of the UCSD code to get the revised code results Also note that the revised Mineos version uses geographic coordinates for the input data i e station and event locations instead of geocentric ones as in the old version Mineos automatically converts geographic coordinates to geocentric for intern
15. defined in terms of a range of frequencies fmin fmax and normal mode indices nmin nmaz lmin lmaz minos bran computes and outputs the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of the model for spheroidal toroidal or radial modes optionally The output from 1 5 EIGENFUNCTION SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS 11 Figure 1 1 Summary of information flow through the eigenfunction system of programs comprising mi nos_ bran and eigcon minos bran is in an informally defined pair of files one an ASCII file containing the input model and output normal mode parameters and the other a binary file containing the eigenfunctions from the free surface to the Earth s center The size of the output depends on fmaz the highest desired frequency and the number of radial knots in the input model file If the desired frequencies extend to periods as short as 6 sec the eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies of more than 150 000 spheroidal and 100 000 toroidal modes will be computed if all dispersion branches are chosen The eigenfunctions themselves may be interesting to some users if sensitivity kernels for examples are desired The normalization of the eigenfunctions that emerge from program minos bran is discussed in Chapter 3 The program eigcon repackages the eigenfunctions in two principal ways First it renormalizes the eigenfunctions and then truncates the tabulation to extend only to a cut off depth which is intended to be the depth of the deepest earthquake con
16. description norder 1 14 18 1 8 radial order no n lorder 2 14 18 10 17 angular order no 1 typeo 3 14 al 19 19 type of modes eigid 4 14 18 21 28 eigen id per 5 f4 f16 5 30 45 eigenvalue period phvel 6 f4 f16 5 47 62 phase velocity grvel 7 f4 f16 5 64 79 group velocity attn 8 f4 f16 5 81 96 attenuation nrow _ 9 14 18 98 105 of rows ncol 10 14 14 107 110 no of columns npar 11 14 14 112 115 no of parameters datatype 12 c2 a2 117 118 numeric storage foff 13 i4 110 120 129 byte offset dir 14 c64 a64 131 194 directory dfile 15 c32 a32 196 227 file name commid 16 i4 i8 229 236 comment id lddate 17 date al7 238 254 load date 43 44 CHAPTER 6 FLAT FILE DATABASE TABLES Table 6 3 Relation site Description Station location information attribute name field no storage type external format character position attribute description sta 1 a6 1 6 station identifier ondate 2 14 18 8 15 Julian start date offdate 3 i4 18 17 24 Julian off date lat 4 f4 f9 4 26 34 latitude lon 5 f4 19 4 36 44 longitude elev 6 4 f9 4 46 54 elevation staname 7 50 50 56 105 station description statype Lows c4 a4 107 110 station type single station array etc refsta EN 112 117 reference station for array members dnorth 10 f4 f9 4 119 127 offset from array reference km deast 11 f4 f9 4 129 137 offset from array reference km l
17. fields After sorting it also removes all duplicate rows equal station and channel code Note that the channel field chan in the sitechan relation is a three character channel name following the SEED format convention The first two characters define the type of unique channel e g BH LH etc for each station s group The third character must be the component name Z uppercase for vertical and other symbols any case for the horizontals db list This file allows joining an unlimited number of eigcon outputs for spheroidal toroidal or radial modes The single requirement is that intersection between these files is null Each desired eigenfunc tion must be present and unique in some eigcon output event This file consists of a single line with the following fields evid year jday hour min sec lat lon depth step halfd Mo Mrr Moe Mro Mro Mog Mn strikel dipl slip1 strike2 slip2 where evid is the event identifier 8 characters long year is the event year in the form yyyy jday is the event day starting from the beginning of the year hour is the event hour min is the event minutes sec is the event seconds with decimal fractions lat is the event geographical latitude degree lon is the event geographical longitude degree depth is the event depth km step is the time step for Green s functions and seismograms sec halfd is the source half time duration sec is t
18. green are driven by the input sitechan table The site table is also needed by green to provide the station coordinates The sitechan table therefore must contain all and only those stations and channels desired by the user The user must strictly adhere to the format of these files A natural way to do this is to order a dataless or data full SEED volume for example from the IRIS DMC for the stations of interest and run RDSEED or an Antelope product e g sd2de seed2db to convert to the two CSS tables Event coordinates and depth are contained in an unformatted single lines file that we call cmt_ event This file must be created and input into program green and syndat The output of program green is a wfdisc file in the CSS 3 0 database schema in which each row corresponds to a given station channel pair and points to the Green s function on disk Antelope products can be used to view the Green s functions in which each station channel set of six waveforms is multiplexed into a single waveform Program syndat convolves the Green s functions pointed to by the wfdisc relation that emerges from green with the centroid moment tensor and half rise time of the chosen event that is contained in file cmt_ event The output is a wfdisc in which each row corresponds to a single station channel pair and points to the associated waveform on disk presented in velocity ground units nm sec Transfer functions to convert to instrument counts for direc
19. line describes a single station or a single channel All channel lines placed after some station line belong to that station For example consider the following file ANMO 34 9502 106 4602 1 6890 Albuquerque New Mexico USA LH1 150 0000 280 0 90 0 LH2 150 0000 10 0 90 0 LHZ 89 3000 0 0 0 0 BJT 40 0183 116 1679 0 1370 Baijiatuan Beijing China LHE 60 0000 90 0 90 0 LHN 60 0000 0 0 90 0 LHZ 60 0000 0 0 0 0 BHE 60 0000 90 0 90 0 BHN 60 0000 0 0 90 0 BHZ 60 0000 0 0 180 0 BILL 68 0651 166 4524 0 2990 Bilibino Russia LHZ 0 0000 0 0 0 0 CCM 38 0557 91 2446 0 1710 Cathedral Cave Missouri USA LHE 51 0000 90 0 90 0 LHN 51 0000 0 0 90 0 LHZ 51 0000 0 0 0 0 9 0 Each line in the file consists of some number of fields separated with or more space characters If a field has an internal space character e g as in a station s full name it must be surrounded with single quotes The first field starts with the first position in the line A station line has the fields sta lat lon elev staname See the description in the site relation table Table 6 3 A channel line starts with text field The other fields are chan edepth hang vang See description in Table 6 4 sitechan relation The standard orientation of a sensor XX is defined as XXE dd dddd 90 0 90 0 XXN dd dddd 0 0 90 0 XXZ dd dddd 0 0 0 0 where dd dddd is a sensor edepth Note
20. of a seismic station relative to mean sea level NA Value 999 0 Units Kilometers Range 10 0 lt elev lt 10 0 51 Name endtime Relation wfdisc Description Time of last datum This attribute is the time of the last sample in the waveform file Endtime is equivalent to time nsamp 1 samprate NA Value 9999999999 999 Range endtime gt time Name foff Relation eigen wfdisc Description File offset This is the byte offset of eigenfunction segments within data file See dir and dfile NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range foff gt 0 Name grvel Relation eigen Description Group velocity This gives the magnitude value of group velocity for attribute per Evaluated only for S T and C modes See typeo NA Value 1 Units kilometers seconds Range grvel gt 0 Name hang Relation sitechan Description Horizontal orientation of seismometer This attribute specifies the orientation of the seis mometer in the horizontal plane measured clockwise from North For a North South orientation with the seismometer pointing toward the north hang 0 for East West orientation with seismometer pointing toward the west hang 270 See vang NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Degrees Range 0 0 lt vang lt 360 0 Name instype Relation wfdisc 52 CHAPTER 7 ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION Description Instrument type This character string is used to
21. outside its scope The act of running the Program is not restricted and the output from the Program is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this Licens
22. polynomial form the model is converted to tabular form by interpolation across region layers For each region the program constructs nlay 1 knots with a constant step in radius The total number of knots N is equal to nreg nlay 1 Lines from the beginning of the file look as follows 22 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS Lines 1 5 Contains the model title reference period tref header for the model table and empty lines Format no format Lines 6 N 5 index rho uph vsu vsh eta dshear qkappa where index is the knot number starting from 1 The content of the remaining fields is described in Section 3 2 2 Format i3 12 1 5 12 2 12 5 2f12 2 Lines N 6 N 11 Contains text messages with Runge Kutta precision integration gravity cut off frequency empty lines and the header for the normal mode properties table totaling 6 lines Format Free Part 2 Mode properties For a fixed radial order number and angular order l minos bran computes the eigenfunctions stored separately and the scalar parameters properties eigenvalue frequency phase and group velocities and ratio of kinetic to potential energy These scalar parameters are stored in the normal mode properties table Each row line in this table gives the properties for the current n and l Lines following the first part look as follows Lines N 12 end norder typeo lorder phvel freq per grvel Q raylquo w
23. table dbname eigen a directory dbname eigen dat and a binary file dbname eigen dat eigen dbname eigen file format is described as the relation table eigen Table 6 1 Each line of this file describes the modal properties of a single eigenfunction and references the binary data segment in the dbname eigen dat eigen file dbname eigen dat eigen binary file consists of segments Each segment stores normalized eigenfunc tions for a single normal mode n l It consists of words 4 bytes long containing real 4 or inte ger 4 variables in the internal computer format The field datatype in eigen describes numeric mem ory storage data byte order There are two common byte orders for most computer architectures BIG_ENDIAN straight order 1 2 3 4 and LOW_ENDIAN reverse order 4 3 2 1 BIG ENDIAN is used by SUN and RISC oriented platforms and LOW_ENDIAN is used by PC VAX and DEC hard ware eigcon automaticaly detects the byte order and places the text strings t4 BIG ENDIAN or f4 LOW_ENDIAN into the datatype field in the eigen relation Each segment is logically divided into two parts the header and the body 3 2 3 1 The header This part of the segment stores scalar parameters and normalization coefficients for the modal properties word 1 integer 4 n Normal mode radial order number n Must be equal to norder in the referencing eigen relation word 2 integer 4 Normal mode angular order harmonic degree num
24. 00 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 6106000 6128500 6151000 6151000 6179000 6207000 6235000 6263000 6291000 6291000 6318800 6346600 6346600 6347000 6348000 6349000 6350000 6351000 6352000 6353000 6354000 6355000 6356000 6356000 6357000 6358000 6359000 6360000 6361000 6362000 6363000 6364000 6365000 6366000 6367000 6368000 6368000 6369000 6370000 6371000 3462 3449 3435 3359 3362 3365 3368 66 3371 3374 3374 3377 3380 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2900 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 2600 65 21 77 49 53 58 62 71 71 73 75 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 8645 8602 8558 7800 7832 7863 7895 7927 7959 7959 7990 8022 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 5800 52 24 95 45 17 90 62 34 06 06 56 0
25. 00 nm Amp hon 16000 8000 8000 16000 Amp nm 800 900 1000 5 Figure 13 6 The same as Figure B 5 but for the LHN channel 80 APPENDIX BENCHMARKING BJT LHE 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 60000 nm Amp 200 400 600 800 1000 4000 100 200 300 400 rn 60000 40000 20000 0 20000 40000 60000 400 500 600 700 nm Amp hon 800 900 1000 Time s Figure B 7 The same as Figure B 5 but for the LHE channel B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 81 x 10 BJT LHZ 6 T T 2 a 4 m es ee 5 2 V A lt 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 x 105 BJT LHN 15 T T 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 x 10 BJT 15 T T o E 10 y n c a d i DH E A WA lt y V Ar 0 Li l V 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 Freq Hz Figure B 8 Amplitude spectra for the station BJT SPECFEM3D GLOBE spectra red Mineos blue 82 15000 10000 5000 APPENDIX BENCHMARKING TLY LHZ aan 5000 10000 15000 Amp nm 1500 1000 500 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 OE o 500 1000 1500 100 6000 4000 2000 0 2000 4000 6000 500 nm Amp 15000 10000 5000 5000 10000 15000
26. 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000 3517500 3555000 3592500 3630000 3630000 3666482 3702963 3739444 3775926 3812407 3848889 3885370 3921852 3958333 3994815 4031296 4067778 4104259 4140741 4177222 4213704 4250185 4286667 4323148 4359630 4396111 4432593 4469074 4505556 4542037 4578518 4615000 4651482 4687963 4724444 4760926 4797407 4833889 4870370 5547 5528 5510 48 48 5491 5491 5473 5455 5436 5418 5400 5382 5364 5346 5328 5309 65 5291 5273 5255 5236 5218 5200 88 5181 5163 5145 5126 5107 5089 5070 87 5051 5033 5014 4995 4976 4957 4937 4918 4899 4879 4860 67 91 18 29 13 97 82 67 52 37 21 04 85 43 18 91 60 26 46 00 48 92 29 61 06 18 22 19 08 89 61 24 78 21 13707 13698 13689 13680 13680 13636 13592 13548 13505 13462 13420 13377 13335 13293 30 13251 13209 13167 13125 13083 98 13000 12958 12915 12873 12831 12788 12745 12702 12658 12615 12570 12526 31 13041 12481 12435 12389 12343 12296 12248 12200 45 36 36 44 42 25 44 96 78 87 19 73 45 32 38 51 68 84 05 04 90 61 15 47 55 36 87 05 87 30 87 94 51 54 99 85 7265 7265 7265
27. 12 Lines 4 9 or 4 12 must be repeated nreg times Lines 4 9 must be repeated for the isotropic model and lines 4 12 for the anisotropic model Each line consists of five coefficients ao 2 for the fourth order polynomial P x ap aiz 2223 where x r rx A set of 5 or 8 polynomials is used for interpolating the model parameters density ve locities etc as a function of normalized radius inside the region defined by line 4 Format 5f9 5 More detail Line 5 Coefficients for density rho g cm Line 6 Coefficients for km s Line 7 Coefficients vsv km s Line 8 Coefficients for qkappa Line 9 Coefficients for qshear The next three lines must be added for an anisotropic model Line 10 Coefficients for vph km s Line 11 Coefficients for vsh km s Line 12 Coefficients for eta 3 1 3 Output Data minos bran outputs an ASCII listing file and a FORTRAN unformatted binary file The first file contains the model table and the normal mode properties and the second contains the eigenfunctions 3 1 3 1 out plain file The file consists of two parts Part 1 Model table The model output is always in tabular form If the input model is in tabular form the output model is just a copy except that knots are given indices and columns are placed in a different order For an isotropic model vph will be replaced on vpv vsh on vsv and eta 1 If the input model is in
28. 4 0 16 0 BILL LHE 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 0 16 Figure 13 16 Amplitude spectra for the station BILL SPECFEM3D _ GLOBE spectra red Mineos blue 90 APPENDIX BENCHMARKING Appendix Reference Frame Convention The Mineos code uses the following convention for the Cartesian reference frame defining the standard sensor orientation e the axis points East e the y axis points North e the z axis points up Note that this convention is the same as for SPECFEM3D_GLOBE code and it is different from the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor CMT convention The Harvard CMT convention is e the axis points South e the y axis points East e the z axis points up 91 92 APPENDIX REFERENCE FRAME CONVENTION Appendix 1 License GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright C 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program
29. 6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4675 4659 4643 4441 4434 4428 4421 4415 4408 4408 4402 4396 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3900 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 3200 40 65 90 09 63 18 73 28 83 83 43 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 57823 143 143 143 80 80 80 80 80 80 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 8645 8602 8558 8048 8068 8089 8109 8129 8150 8150 8170 8190 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 6800 5800 5800 5800
30. 9 14 14 81 84 no of locating phases ndp 10 14 14 86 89 no of depth phases grn 11 i4 i8 91 98 geographic region no srn 12 i4 i8 100 107 seismic region no etype 13 c7 aT 109 115 event type depdp 14 4 f9 4 117 125 est depth from depth phases dtype 15 cl al 127 127 depth method used mb 16 f4 7 2 129 135 wave magnitude mbid 17 i4 i8 137 144 mb magid ms 18 f4 f7 2 146 152 surface wave magnitude msid 19 14 18 154 161 ms magid latitude ml 20 f4 17 2 163 169 local magnitude mlid 21 14 18 171 178 ml magid algorithm 22 c15 al5 180 194 location algorithm used auth 23 c15 al5 196 210 source originator commid 24 14 18 212 219 comment id lddate 25 date al7 221 237 load date 40 CHAPTER 4 THE UTILITIES USER S MANUAL Chapter 5 fdb and time Subroutines Functions 5 1 Subprograms The fdb fortran database subroutines functions come from the CU Boulder fdb FORTRAN 77 library They provide a FORTRAN interface to site sitechan wfdisc and eigen relations Most of fdb subrou tines functions have very short and simple source code The list of function names with a brief description is listed below subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine subroutine read site reads site relation from file write site writes site relation to file defau
31. 9 30 3644 81 1 00000 496234 13034 88 11223 59 3640 82 1327 7 84 6 11223 59 3640 82 1 00000 534406 13026 31 11217 42 3636 51 1327 7 84 6 11217 42 3636 51 1 00000 572578 13017 11 11210 80 3631 88 1327 7 84 6 11210 80 3631 88 1 00000 610750 13007 28 11203 72 3626 93 1327 7 84 6 11203 72 3626 93 1 00000 648922 12996 81 11196 18 3621 66 1327 7 84 6 11196 18 3621 66 1 00000 687094 12985 70 11188 18 3616 07 1327 7 84 6 11188 18 3616 07 1 00000 725266 12973 97 11179 73 3610 16 1327 7 84 6 11179 73 3610 16 1 00000 763438 12961 59 11170 82 3603 94 1327 7 84 6 11170 82 3603 94 1 00000 801609 12948 58 11161 45 3597 39 1327 7 84 6 11161 45 3597 39 1 00000 839781 12934 94 11151 63 3590 53 1327 7 84 6 11151 63 3590 53 1 00000 877953 12920 66 11141 35 3583 34 1327 7 84 6 11141 35 3583 34 1 00000 916125 12905 75 11130 61 3575 84 1327 7 84 6 11130 61 3575 84 1 00000 954297 12890 21 11119 42 3568 01 1327 7 84 6 11119 42 3568 01 1 00000 992469 12874 02 11107 76 3559 87 1327 7 84 6 11107 76 3559 87 1 00000 1030641 12857 21 11095 66 3551 41 1327 7 84 6 11095 66 3551 41 1 00000 1068812 12839 76 11083 09 3542 63 1327 7 84 6 11083 09 3542 63 1 00000 65 66 1106984 1145156 1183328 1221500 1221500 1292078 1362656 1433234 1503812 1574391 1644969 1715547 1786125 1856703 1927281 1997859 2068438 2139016 2209594 2280172 2350750 2421328 2491906 2562484 2633062 2703641 2774219 2844797 2915375 2985953 3056531
32. COMPUTATIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE FOR GEODYNAMICS CIG Mineos User Manual Version 1 0 2 AAVV Guy Masters Misha Barmine www geodynamics org Susan Kientz Mineos California Institute of Technology Guy Masters Version 1 0 2 April 15 2014 Contents 2 2 Download and Configure Mineos Unix Linux Mac OS X 2 3 Download and Configure Mineos Windows using Cygwin 10 10 10 11 15 15 15 16 16 17 17 4 CONTENTS 43 47 57 57 57 58 58 58 58 59 59 60 60 61 61 61 61 65 71 71 71 76 76 77 77 91 D License 93 List of Figures 1 2 Summary of information flow through the synthetic seismogram system of programs compris gram for the fundamental spheroidal and toroidal modes Mineos seismogram is plotted in LIST OF FIGURES List of Tables centric for Benchmark test 2 Mineos vs Herrmann s plane code for fundamental modes LIST OF TABLES Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Mineos Package Overview The Mineos Package by Guy Masters consists of four programs minos bran eigcon green and syndat Functionally the programs break into two subgroups The first subgroup contains the programs that produce the normal eigenfunctions and eigenfrequencies minos bran and eigcon Information flow into and out of these two programs which we call the eigenfunction system is summarized in Figure 1 1 The second subgroup referred to as the synthetic seismogram sys
33. Degrees Range 180 0 lt lon lt 180 0 Name lorder Relation eigen Description Angular order number harmonic degree of a normal mode NA Value 1 Name ncol Relation eigen Description This attribute is the number of columns in the eigenfunction grid stored in binary data FORTRAN i4 NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range 2 4 6 Name norder Relation eigen Description Radial order number n of a normal mode NA Value 1 Name npar Relation eigen Description This attribute is the number of parameters stored in the binary data NA Value 0 Range npar gt 0 Name nrow Relation eigen Description This attribute is the number of rows in the eigenfunction grid stored in the binary data NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range nrow gt 0 Name nsamp Relation wfdisc Description Number of samples This quantity is the number of samples in waveform segment 54 CHAPTER 7 ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range nsamp gt 0 Name offdate Relation site sitechan Description Turn off date This attribute is the Julian Date on which the station or sensor indicated was turned off dismantled or removed See ondate NA Value 1 Range Julian date of the form yyyyddd Name ondate Relation site sitechan Description Turn on date This attribute is the Julian Date on which the station or sensor
34. I header three lines in the beginning of the file For example an output file for a synthetic seismogram looks as follows EVENT 2000 014 23 37 10 800 947893030 80000 25 3900 101 4000 33 0000 STATION ALE LHE 82 5033 62 3500 0 0000 DATA 2000 014 23 37 10 800 947893030 80000 8000 1 000000 35 36 CHAPTER 4 THE UTILITIES USER S MANUAL 0 0000000E 00 5 7025738E 00 1 0000000E 00 1 9508668E 00 2 0000000E 00 4 1160989E 00 3 0000000E 00 4 1094885E 00 7 9970000E 03 1 5211651E 01 7 9980000E 03 2 7408613E 01 7 9990000E 03 3 5795624E 01 where e the EVENT line represents event information origin time human and epoch latitude deg longitude deg and depth km e the STATION line represents station information station code channel name latitude deg longitude deg and depth 0 e the DATA line represents data parameters waveform starting time human and epoch number of samples and sampling step sec The rest of the lines the body is a two column table The first column represents relative time from the beginning of waveform in seconds and the second one shows waveform samples in nm nm s or nm s according to the syndat output format Tf the presence of the header is not desired suppress it with option n no header The output ASCII file format for the Green s functions is different The header is the same but the body is a 7 column table The first column is relative time as before and the other 6 col
35. KIND EITHER EX PRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SER VICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAM AGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAM AGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES 97 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms To do so attach the following notices to the program It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty and each file should have at least the copyright line a
36. OF china_cmt_event 0 green Syndat 62 CHAPTER 8 EXAMPLES Bibliography 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Anderson J Farrell W E et al Center for Seismic Studies version 3 database Schema reference manual Technical Report C90 01 DARPA September 1990 Biswas N N and L Knopoff 1970 Exact earth flattening calculations for Love wave Bull Seismol Soc Amer 60 1123 1127 Biswas N N 1972 Earth flattening procedure for propagation of Rayleigh wave PAGEOPH 96 61 74 Ganse R and C R Hutt 1982 Directory of World Digital Seismic Stations Boulder World Data Center for Solid Earth Geophysics Report SE 32 Gilbert F and A M Dziewonski 1975 An application of normal mode theory to the retrieval of structural parameters and source mechanisms from seismic spectra Phil Trans R Soc A278 187 269 Gilbert F and Backus 1969 A computational problem encountered in a study of the earth s normal modes Proceedings of AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference 32 San Francisco CA December 1968 1273 1277 Gilbert F and G E Backus 1966 Propagator matrices in elastic wave and vibration problems Geophys 31 2 326 332 Herrmann R B 1978 Computer programs in earthquake seismology Vol 2 St Louis St Louis University Shanks E B 1966 Solutions of differential equations by evaluations of functions Math Comp 20 21 38 MR 32 4858
37. TION e eigen2asc prints out on the standard output device the requested eigenfunctions from eigen relation CSS3 0 extension The eigenfunctions can be requested by order numbers n 1 or by n In the second case eigen2asc matches the order number 1 with the closest period to T Output can be redirected to a file for further usage e endi swaps the order of word bytes in binary files The length of a word is any integer number for example 2 4 6 16 etc endi can be used for BIG_ENDIAN LOW_ ENDIAN binary data conversion Note that this program upgrades files in place e simpledit is a simple filter program It converts a manually created text editor unformatted ASCII file with station and channel information into CSS3 0 site and sitechan relation tables e creat origin is a shell script that converts an event file e g china cmt_event txt into the CSS3 0 origin relation For more details see Chapter 4 2 1 2 System Requirements e Fortran and compilers e At least 1 GB of available hard disk space 2 2 Download and Configure Mineos Unix Linux Mac OS X 1 Download the source package from the CIG website or check out the source from the Git server GitHub download the source package Extract the source from the tar file gunzip c mineos 1 0 2 tar gz tar xf cd mineos 1 0 2 e Check out the source from the Git server git checkout recursive https github com geodynamics mineos cd min
38. TRIBUTE DESCRIPTION Relation wfdisc Description Calibration period This gives the period for which calib is valid NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Seconds Range calper gt 0 Name chan Relation sitechan wfdisc Description Channel identifier This is a three character code which taken together with sta jdate and time uniquely identifies the source of seismic data including the geographic location spatial orientation sensor and subsequent data processing The first two character define the channel name and the third the channel component Z character is for the vertical component other characters are for horizontal components NA Value A valid entry is required Range Any sequence of 3 uppercase characters Name chanid Relation wfdisc Description Channel recording identifier This is the surrogate key used to uniquely identify a specific recording Chanid duplicates the information of the compound key sta chan time As a single identifier it is often convenient Sta chan time is more appropriate to the human interface NA Value 1 Range chanid gt 0 Name commid Relation eigen wfdisc Description Data file Comment identification This is the integer key used to point to free form comments in the predefined remark list Not implemented yet NA Value 1 NO ANY REMARKS Range commid gt 0 Name ctype Relation sitechan Description This attribute spec
39. _ S and eprem_noocean_ 5 The first file contains a listing of some normal mode properties n l frequency period phase and group speed etc and the second file contains the eigenfunctions Both files are needed to be read into the eigenfunction renormalization program eigcon In this example the numerical tolerance parameter eps is set to 10710 and gravity is taken into consideration in computing the eigenfunctions only if the frequency is less than 10 mHz The output normal mode properties will be for spheroidal modes with angular order values ranging between 1 and 6000 frequencies ranging between 0 and 166 mHz i e 6 sec and radial orders n ranging from 0 to 0 that is only fundamental modes will be computed in this example 8 1 1 Example 1 Interactive dialog minos_bran input model file prem_noocean txt output file prem_noocean_S eigenfunction file output eprem_noocean_S enter eps and wgrav 1 10 10 enter com 1 rad 2 tor 3 sph 4 ictor 3 enter lmin lmax wmin wmax nmin nmax 1 6000 0 0 166 00 0 58 CHAPTER 8 EXAMPLES 8 1 2 Example 2 Redirection of input file Create in the working directory a parameter file named Param with the following contents prem_noocean txt prem_noocean_S eprem_noocean_S 18 10 10 3 1 6000 0 0 166 0 0 0 and start the following command minos_bran lt Param 8 1 3 Example 3 Direct shell script Include in your sh csh script the following lines minos_
40. ake any sense Introducing thin layers less than 1 m leads to creating additional interfaces If the model includes a surface liquid layer it must be a single layer without intermediate knots Radius starts from zero index 1 and ends at the free surface growing from the center of the Earth outward rho density kg m vpv velocity of vertically polarized P wave m s vsv velocity of vertically polarized S wave m s qkappa compressional Q 3 1 MINOS BRAN PROGRAM 21 qshear shear uph velocity of horizontally polarized P m s vush velocity of horizontally polarized S m s eta transversely isotropic model parameter If the model is isotropic ifanis 0 and minos bran reads and changes the values of vph vsh and eta field in the following way vph vpv vsh vsv and eta 1 If both qkappa and qshear are equal to zero the Q model is not specified for the knot and no correction for attenuation is made Format f8 0 3f9 2 219 1 209 2 19 5 3 1 2 2 Polynomial Setting if deck 0 Line 3 nreg nic noc rz nreg is the number of regions in the model nic and noc have the same meaning as for the tabular model rx is the normalizing radius for the polynomials rx is given in km and it is usually 6371 km Format Unformatted Line 4 nlay r1 r2 nlay is the number of levels layers to be used in the region extending from radius r1 to r2 r1 to r2 are in km Format Unformatted Lines 5 9 or 5
41. al computations B 2 Mineos Code vs Herrmann s Plane Code for Fundamental Modes The Mineos synthetic seismograms were benchmarked against Herrmann s plane code seismograms for the fundamental spheroidal and toroidal modes in the period range 6 100 seconds For testing purposes 8 1D models were taken 6 vertical profiles of the global 3D CUB2 0 CU Earth model PREM model with 3 km water layer and PREM model with water layer filled with upper crust The chosen 6 points are located at places characterized by different tectonics namely e Korean Peninsula 36N 128E e Utah U S seismo tectonic region 40 112W e Near Hudson bay Canada craton 56N 90W e Center of Hudson Bay Canada craton 58N 86N Young Pacific Ocean ON 100W Old Pacific Ocean 40N 160E 71 72 APPENDIX B BENCHMARKING To take into account the Earth s sphericity the original version of Herrmann s plane code 8 had been modified using the Earth flattening exact formulas for Love waves 2 and Earth flattening approximation for Rayleigh waves 3 All input information in Herrmann s code is in geocentric coordinates As an example Figures B 1 B 3 illustrate plane blue and spherical red three component synthetic seismograms for the three different seismic stations BJT TLY and BILL The event location CMT solution is 25 39N 101 40E depth is 33 km The station coordinates geographic epicentral distances geocentric and source azimu
42. ample by IRIS s rdseed program or by selection from a global database Other input includes the eigenfunctions which are collected from various databases containing eigen relations for spheroidal or toroidal modes For each sensor green computes and stores in an output wfdisc relation six Green s functions one per moment tensor component 3 3 1 Command Line There are three different ways to start the green program 1 Interactive dialog for setting the input parameters green 2 Single shell command with redirection of the standard input to a parameter file parameter file con taining exactly the same information and in the same order as in the interactive dialog one answer per line green lt parameter_file 3 Direct shell script In this case the contents of the parameter file are directly included in the shell script between the delimiters WORD green lt lt WORD See Chapter 8 for examples The input parameter file consists of six lines Line 1 in_ dbname in_ dbname is the input database name for the site and sitechan relations Format Any string up to 256 characters long Line 2 db_ list This is the path to the file defining the list of database names containing the eigenfunctions one name per line Each name refers to the database in which the eigen relation resides Format Any string up to 256 characters long Line 3 cmt_ event This is the path to the file with the CMT solution for a single even
43. ams 3 1 minos bran Program The minos bran program produces the solution of the seismic normal mode eigenvalue eigenfunction problem The program evaluates the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for radial spheroidal S and toroidal modes The model of the Earth is self gravitating spherically symmetric transversely isotropic and attenuative minos bran is written in the FORTRAN 77 language 3 1 1 Command Line There are three different ways to start the minos bran program 1 Interactive dialog for setting input parameters minos bran 2 Single shell command with redirection of the standard input to the parameter file parameter file containing exactly the same information and in the same order as an interactive dialog one answer per line minos bran lt parameter file 3 Direct shell script In this case the contents of the parameter file are directly included into the shell script between the delimiters WORD minos bran WORD See Chapter 8 for examples The parameter file consists of six lines Line 1 model file model file is the path to the 1D input model file Format Text string up to 256 characters long Line 2 out plain file out plain file is the path to the output ASCII file The file contains a model listing and a summary of mode properties Format Text string up to 256 characters long Line 3 out bin file out bin file is the path to the output FORTRAN unformatted binary file The file is a c
44. and group velocity Cy The rest of abuf contains eigenfunctions and their derivatives by radius U 1 N U 1 N 1 N V 1 N P 1 N P 1 N for spheroidal modes and W 1 N W 1 N for other modes U is the eigenfunction for the vertical spheroidal S component V for the horizontal S component P is the gravitational potential W is the common notation for modes other than S Eigenfunctions are stored in normalized form The normalization of eigenfunctions is given by uw p r W r r dr 1 0 3 1 MINOS BRAN PROGRAM 23 for toroidal modes and 5 plr U r V r r dr 1 0 for spheroidal modes Note that p W in the two formulas above are normalized such that a density of p 5515 kg m is 1 mg is 1 where is the gravitational constant G 6 6723 1071 m kg s and the radius of the free surface is 1 These normalizations result in acceleration normalization an 1020 pnr velocity normalization rn Gpn frequency normalization wp Un fn radius normalization 3 1 4 Messages Program minos bran prints out dialog messages only on the standard output See an example in Section 8 1 1 Interactive dialog 24 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS 3 2 eigcon Program The eigcon program makes postprocessing of the minos bran results and creates the eigen relation table in dbname eigen where dbname is the database name The progra
45. are very close except the long period in the earlier part of the records This difference is due to the significant increasing noise level after acceleration displacement transformation proportional to 1 w and due to differences in the deeper parts of the input models 13 2 MINEOS CODE VS HERRMANN S PLANE CODE FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODES 73 x 10 LHZ 2 M I E 1 a 5 _ lt 1 2 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Amplitude nm 1 ifm 1 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Amplitude nm 1 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 Time s Figure B 1 Station BJT Comparison with Herrmann s plane code Three component synthetic seismogram for the fundamental spheroidal and toroidal modes Mineos seismogram is plotted in red Herrmann s in blue Earthquake is 25 39N 101 40E Southern China depth is 33 km Model is PREM in which the water layer is filled with the upper crust s velocities The crust has only two layers 74 APPENDIX B BENCHMARKING Amplitude nm 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 u LHN Amplitude nm 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 x 10 LHE 5 wiih T T T T T T T E Y 2 a OW 4 70 lt _1 0 1 1 L 1 1 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Time 5 Figure B 2 Comparison with Herrmann s plane code as in Figure B 1
46. ater layer is filled with crustal properties SPECFEM3D_GLOBE has a special subroutine for evaluation of the model parameters by polynomial interpolation across a fixed number of layers from the center of the Earth up to the free surface at radius 6371 km This polynomial representation was converted by a special program to a plain input file in Mineos format The total number of vertical nodes is 237 The tabulated step by depth in the crust and upper mantle is close to 1 km 3 2 SPECFEM3D GLOBE Run Notes SPECFEM3D_GLOBE was configured to make the synthetic seismogram displacement nm 1 hour long The Earth was split into 6 chunks Each chunk consisted of 480x480 elements So the average lateral size of the elements near to the surface was 20x20 km The state of some important run parameters were B 3 MINEOS VS SPECFEM3D_ GLOBE 77 e ELLIPTICITY off e TOPOGRAPHY off e ROTATION off e GRAVITY on As with Mineos input coordinates are geographic and geocentric coordinates are used internally B 3 3 Mineos Run Notes Mineos was configured to compute all normal modes in the frequency range 0 0 2 Hz and the radial mode range 0 lt n lt 400 In total the program computed 247565 spheroidal normal modes 162154 toroidal modes and 240 radial modes Synthetic seismograms acceleration nm s 1 hour long were simulated seismograms were converted from acceleration to displacement in nm B 3 4 Tapering Results Discussion
47. ber l Must be equal to lorder in the referencing eigen relation word 3 1 4 w Normal mode frequency eigenvalue in physical units rad s w 2r per per is the period field in the eigen relation word 4 real 4 q Part of the exponential term in the attenuation expression e 45 q 0 5 w Q rad sec word 5 real 4 r The radius normalization coefficient in meters equal to the radius of the model s free surface word 6 real 4 v The velocity normalization coefficient rn 1Gp where G is the gravita tional potential constant 6 6723 10711 m kg s pn is the density normalization coefficient pn 5515 kg m The circular frequency normalization coefficient wn is given by wn Un ra word 7 real 4 an The acceleration normalization coefficient an 1029 26 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS 3 2 3 2 The body eigenfunction grid word 8 end real 4 E nrow ncol Matrix of nrow rows and ncol columns to store the normalized eigenfunctions The first column is radius The other columns are the eigenfunctions The number of eigenfunctions depends on modal type For spheroidal modes it should be 7 columns r U U V PP for toroidal and others it should be 3 columns r W w The matrix is stored in segments by the second index by columns Note that eigcon performs an additional eigenfunction normalization Eigenfunctions for toroidal and the horizontal part of spheroida
48. body is a three column radial toroidal modes or seven column spheroidal mode table The first body column is radius in meters and the other columns contain the eigen functions and their derivatives by radius in the internal normalized units U U V V P P for spheroidal modes and W W for other modes For more details see Section 4 1 The output file name has the form X nnnnnnn mmmmmmm ASC where letter X is S for spheroidal modes or T for toroidal modes nnnnnnn is the number n and mmmmmmm is the mode number 1 EXAMPLES eigen2asc 0 1 2 500 test_S Eigen_S_ASC eigen2asc n 0 1 2 500 test_S Eigen_S_no_headers_ASC 4 3 endi NAME endi In place file swapping with fixed width SYNOPSIS endi nw filel file2 DESCRIPTION This utility is used when you transfer binary files of wfdisc or eigen relations to a platform with a different byte order The utility changes the byte order from BIG ENDIAN to ENDIAN and vice versa endi sequentially reads the file from the list file1 file2 filen into memory as an unsigned character string swaps sequential groups of nw bytes long starting from the beginning of the file and stores the swapped data into the same place as before swapping in place If the last group has a length less than nw it stays unswapped EXAMPLES In this example w 00001 and w 00002 are the binary real 4 data files from some wfdisc relation created on PC computer Th
49. bran lt lt EOF prem_noocean txt prem_noocean_S eprem_noocean_S 18 10 10 3 1 6000 0 0 166 0 0 0 EOF 8 2 eigcon In this example the two files computed by minos bran read in as input prem_noocean_S and eprem_ noocean 5 together with the input model file prem_ noocean txt eigcon renormalizes the eigen functions and outputs them to a depth of 1000 km in this example The renormalized eigenfunctions are placed in an extension of CSS3 0 database using the relation test S eigen This relation points to a file called eigen located in a subdirectory called test_S dat The file eigen is non encapsulated which allows greater flexibility in access from different platforms and code from different compilers Information about the eigenfunction s byte order is contained in the eigen relation which is used in subsequent programs to swap bytes appropriately Eigenfunctions are computed here to 1000 km for plotting purposes but for runs in which earthquakes are no deeper than for example 40 km 40 would be input here 8 2 1 Example 1 Interactive dialog eigcon spheroidals 3 or toroidals 2 or radial 1 or inner core toroidals 4 modes 3 enter name of model file prem_noocean txt enter max depth km 1000 enter name of minos_bran output text file prem noocean S minos bran output binary unformatted file name 8 3 GREEN 59 eprem_noocean_S enter pathdbase_name or dbase_name to store eigenfunctions
50. but for station 13 2 MINEOS CODE VS HERRMANN S PLANE CODE FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODES x 10 LHZ Amplitude nm o 0 5 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 x 10 LHN 4 ____ 2 So V lt 2 7 4 1 1 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 x 10 LHE 1 le T T T T E 0 oo A Ba lt 2 N 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 Time 5 Figure 13 3 Comparison with Herrmann s plane code as in Figure B 1 but for station BILL 75 76 APPENDIX B BENCHMARKING Velocity km s S phase S group T phase T group I 2 5 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 T sec Figure 3 4 Dispersion curves of phase and group velocities for spheroidal and toroidal fundamental modes The solid color lines are the Mineos results the faint black dotted lines are for the Herrmann s plane code The solid line colors are blue for Rayleigh phase velocity red for Rayleigh group velocity green for Love phase velocity and magenta for group Love velocity Mineos vs SPECFEM3D GLOBE The Mineos synthetic seismograms were tested against SPECFEM3D GLOBE synthetic seismograms for the same event and station set as described in the previous section B 3 1 Input 1D Model The input model is an anisotropic single layered crust PREM with attenuation The 3 km w
51. code or common code name for a seismic observatory Generally only three or four characters are used NA Value A valid entry is required Range Any uppercase string of up to 6 characters Name staname Relation site Description Station name description This is the full name of the station whose code name is in sta NA Value a dash Range Any uppercase string of up to 50 characters Name statype Relation site Description Station type This character string specifies the station type Recommended types are ss single stations or ar array NA Value a dash Range ss ar lowercase Name time 56 CHAPTER 7 ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION Relation wfdisc Description Epoch time Epochal time given as seconds and fractions of a second since hour 0 January 1 1970 and stored in a double precision floating number Refers to start time data The double precision floating number allows 15 decimal digits At 1 millisecond accuracy this is a range of 3 gt 10 years Generally only three or four characters are used NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Seconds Name typeo Relation eigen Description Type of binary data This single character indicates the type of data The values are R radial S spheroidal T toroidal or C inner core toroidal modes The character P indicates that data includes constants normalization parameters and radius samples NA Value NOT ALLOWED A va
52. code means all the source code for all modules it contains plus any associated interface definition files plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if y
53. ddate 12 date al7 139 155 load date Table 6 4 Relation sitechan Description Station channel information attribute name field no storage type external format character position attribute description sta 1 a6 1 6 station identifier chan 2 8 8 15 channel identifier ondate 3 i4 i8 17 24 Julian start date chanid 4 14 18 26 33 channel id offdate 5 14 18 35 42 Julian off date ctype 6 4 4 44 47 channel type cdepth 7 f4 f9 4 49 57 emplacement depth hang L 8 f4 f6 1 59 64 horizontal angle vang 9 f4 f6 1 66 71 vertical angle descrip 10 c50 a50 73 122 channel description lddate 11 date al7 124 140 load date 45 Table 6 5 Relation wfdisc Description Waveform file header and descriptive information attribute name field no storage type external format character position attribute description sta 1 1 6 station identifier chan 2 a8 8 15 channel identifier time 3 f8 f17 5 17 33 epoch time of the first sample in file wfid 4 i4 i8 35 42 waveform id chanid 5 14 18 44 51 channel operation id jdate 6 i4 i8 53 60 Julian date endtime 7 8 if17 5 62 78 time nsamp 1 samprate nsamp GN 14 18 80 87 no of samples samprate f4 f11 5 89 99 sampling rate in samples sec calib 1 f4 f16 6 101 116 nominal calibrati
54. e c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for such interactive use in the most ordinary way to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty or else saying that you provide a warranty and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions and telling the user how to view a copy of this License Exception if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement your work based on the Program is not required to print an announcement These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole If identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves then this License and its terms do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works But when you distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of this License whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it Thus it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you rather the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Pr
55. eos 2 If you checked out the source using Git run autoreconf i to generate the configure script and related files Skip this step if you downloaded the source package The resulting files are included in the tar file autoreconf i 3 Run configure configure prefix HOME cig 4 Run make make 5 Run make install make install 2 3 DOWNLOAD AND CONFIGURE MINEOS WINDOWS USING CYGWIN 17 6 Now you can run using the demo input files For example under the Bash shell export PATH HOME cig bin PATH cd DEMO DEMO3 RUN_MINEOS sh prem noocean 2 3 Download and Configure Mineos Windows using Cygwin Mineos has been tested under the Cygwin www cygwin com environment for Windows build Mineos using the source package see step 1 in Section 2 2 you will need the following development tools which are included in the Cygwin Devel packages e gcc e gcc4 gfortran e make Select these packages for installation in the Cygwin Setup Select Packages dialog box See Chapter 2 of the Cygwin User s Guide www cygwin com cygwin ug net setup net html Once you have Cygwin installed with all the necessary packages you can install Mineos just as you would under Unix as instructed in Section 2 2 2 4 Support To obtain assistance or report problems or bugs with the code see Section 1 4 for support options 18 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 3 Running the Mineos Progr
56. ep size was based on the growth rate approximated from estimates of the eigenvalues of the matrix A 7 Finding the solution for spheroidal modes was computationally unstable Gilbert and Backus suggested using the method of minors 6 This was implemented in 1980 by John Woodhouse of Harvard University who included a clever method of computing eigenfunctions and later a mode counter for spheroidals Shortly thereafter Guy Masters of IGPP UC San Diego began working with the code adding counters for toroidals and radials The codes were benchmarked against the Rayleigh Ritz code of Ray Buland circa 1981 Slight differences discovered were tracked down to the use of a slightly different value of the gravitational constant Around 1985 the code was modified to compute accurate eigenfunctions of difficult modes e g Stoneley and IC modes and the code was renamed Mineos The Mineos code has been uncopyrighted and handed down from investigator to investigator until donated to the community with an open source license via Computational Infrastructure for Geodynamics CIG in 2006 by Guy Masters and Michael Ritzwoller of University of Colorado at Boulder At that time the code was cleaned up and placed under source control and its user documentation assembled and revised by Misha Barmine U Colorado at Boulder CIG released Mineos under a GNU free software license in March 2007 CIG is making this source code available to you in the hope tha
57. ese files have internal LOW _ ENDIAN data representation created e g by a direct access FORTRAN WRITE statement After applying the command gt endi 4 w 00001 w 00002 we change the order of 4 byte words to BIG_ENDIAN transferring these files a computer with BIG ENDIAN byte order e g a SUN Ultra machine where we may use a direct access READ statement to read data as real 4 variables 38 CHAPTER 4 THE UTILITIES USER S MANUAL 4 4 simpledit NAME simpledit Filter to create site and sitechan CSS relations from an input ASCII file SYNOPSIS simpledit ascii_file db_name DESCRIPTION The simpledit is a simple filter program It converts a manually created text editor unformatted ASCII file ascii_ file with station and channel information into 553 0 db name site and db name sitechan relation tables files The prefix db name coming from the command line is the database name In the case of real data there is another way to create these relations Use the IRIS rdseed program which provides SEED volume conversion to CSS format Note CSS format is strictly defined so do not create site and sitechan tables manually This leads to numerous format errors and as a result can crash the Mineos programs In case of a lot of station data a better solution is to write a program which creates ascii_ file or site and sitechan files directly Description of ascii_ file The ascii_ file is a set of ASCII text lines Each
58. files n Suppress header output in ASCII files Used together with a option DESCRIPTION The cucss2sac utility converts a CSS 3 0 wfdisc relation into a set of SAC binary files or ASCII files Output files are stored in out SAC dir directory This program has been designed especially for the Mineos package due to bugs in the standard IRIS css2sac utility cucss2sac supports limited capabilities and is not a complete substitution of the standard css2sac utility For example cucss2sac only supports the CSS3 0 schema and two input CSS binary data formats e t4 BIG ENDIAN single precision floating point e f4 ENDIAN single precision floating point cucss2sac converts CSS binary data 85 is without any corrections or modifications For the Mineos package cucss2sac may be used for the conversion of Green s functions or synthetic seismograms to binary SAC or ASCII files A CSS database db name must include at least one file db name wfdisc file containing CSS format information about the waveforms It is also desirable to add to the database origin and site relation tables files db name origin and db name site to get a more complete SAC header Note that the origin relation keeps information about event location and the site relation keeps station locations If origin is present in the database cucss2sac uses only the first line from this file In the case of ASCII output all available parameters go to the ASCI
59. he scalar tensor moment dyn cm Mrr Mro Mro are moment tensor components normalized by the coefficient Mn M is the normalization coefficient for the tensor components dyn cm strikel dipl slip1 are the first fault plane solution degree strike2 dip2 slip2 are the second fault plane solution degree 30 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS 3 3 3 Output Data out_ dbname Program green creates a wfdisc relation in database out_ dbname and a multiplexed binary file containing the Green s function waveforms The binary file contains six Green s functions in an order corresponding to the tensor components Myr Mro Moy The total length nsamp of the file is equal to 6 nsamples 3 3 4 Messages Program green prints out on the standard output device the following messages 3 3 4 1 Dialog messages Copy of input output dialog or parameter file in dialog form For example enter path to db with sta amp stachan RDSEED_rdseed enter name of file within list of nmodes db db_list enter input CMT file name cmt_event min and max frequencies to be considered mHz 0 260 enter pts in greens fns le 30000 4000 enter Green functions output db file name green 3 3 4 2 Warning error and info messages green Info message Shows that program green starts WARNING green of points in Green functions is stripped to nnn
60. here norder mode radial order number n typeo type of oscillation single character s spheroidal toroidal inner core toroidal lorder mode angular order number phvel phase velocity km s freq frequency eigenvalue millihertz mHz per period per 1000 freq sec grvel group velocity km s Q shear Q raylquo ratio of kinetic to potential energy minus 1 which should be small of order eps if the eigen function is accurate and if there are enough radial knots in the model to allow quadratures to be done accurately You will probably see some degradation in this parameter for strongly exponential modes such as Stoneley modes Format 15 a2 15 6216 7 3 1 3 2 out bin file This is fixed record length binary encapsulated file The file is not portable which means that the type of encapsulation strongly depends on the compiler For example if the file was created on a SUN platform by the 177 compiler it cannot be read by a progam created by the g77 compiler on the same platform avoid this inconvenience the program eigcon removes encapsulation and creates a binary file portable between different languages and platforms minos bran outputs each eigenfunction with a single write statement real 4 abuf nvec write ioeig abuf i i 1 nvec where nvec is 5 N words long for spheroidal modes and 5 2 N words long for other modes The first five words of abuf Q
61. ifies the type of data channel n normal a normal instrument response b beam a coherent beam firmed with array data or i an incoherent beam of energy stack NA Value a dash 49 Range n b i lowercase Name datatype Relation eigen wfdisc Description Numeric storage data This attribute specifies the format of data series in the file system Currently only the data type t4 and f4 are supported Attribute is used to enable swapping four bytes in real numbers if necessary NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range The currently recognized types lowercase are legal datatype values tatype pe description t4 4 SUN IEEE single precision real f4 4 PC DEC VAX IEEE single precision real Name descrip Relation sitechan Description Channel description This is a description of the data channel For non instrument channels e g beams this is the only quantitative description of channel operations in the core tables NA Value a dash Range Any free format string up to 50 characters long Name deast Relation site Description Distance east This attribute gives the easting or relative position of an array element east of the array center specified by the value of refsta See dnorth NA Value 0 0 Units Kilometers Range 20 000 00 lt deast lt 20 000 00 Name dfile Relation eigen wfdisc Description Data file In wfdisc this is
62. indicate the instrument type Some exam ples are SRO ASRO and 5 750 NA Value a dash Range Uppercase and too numerous to mention For details see Ganse and Hutt 1982 4 Name jdate Relation wfdisc Description Julian date This attribute is the date of seismic recording The same information is available in epoch time but the Julian date format is more convenient for many types of searches Dates B C E are negative Note there is no year 0000 or day 000 Where only the year is known day of the year 001 where only year and month are known day of year first day of month For example Jan 1 of 10 B C E is 0010001 See time and attribute per Evaluated only for 5 and modes See typeo NA Value 1 Range Julian dates of the form yyyyddd Must be consistent with the accompanying time attribute Name lat Relation site Description Latitude This attribute is the geographic latitude Locations north of the equator have positive latitudes NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Degrees Range 90 0 lt lat lt 90 0 Name lddate Relation all Description Load date This is the date and time the record was created Not implemented yet Range Any value Name lon Relation site Description Longitude This attribute is the geographic longitude Longitudes are measured positive east of the Greenwich meridian NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units
63. indicated began operation Offdate or ondate is not intended to accommodate temporary downtimes but rather to indicate the time period for which the attributes of the station lat lon elev are valid for the given station code Stations are often moved but usually the station code remains unchanged NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range Julian date of the form yyyyddd Name per Relation eigen Description Eigenvalue period The frequency is w 2 The normalized value of w is located in the associated binary data NA Value 1 Units seconds Range per gt 0 Name phvel Relation eigen Description Phase velocity This gives the magnitude value of phase velocity for attribute per Evaluated only for 5 T and C modes See typeo NA Value 1 Units kilometers seconds Range phvel gt 0 Name samprate 55 Relation wfdisc Description Sampling rate The attribute is the sample rate in samples second This value may vary slightly from the nominal to reflect clock drift NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units 1 seconds Range samprate gt 0 Name segtype Relation wfdisc Description Segment type The attribute indicates if a waveform is o original v virtual s segmented d duplicate g Green s function or w synthetic waveform NA Value a dash Range o v s d g w Name sta Relation site sitechan wfdisc Description Station
64. information Green s function s green Input dbname xxxxx Info message xxxxx is the name of the input database for the site and sitechan relations green Station code lat lon Channels nnn Info message This message specifies the station code station coordinates and number of components nnn for the selected group of sensors green Channel nnn code chan hang vang Info message This message specifies a separate sensor channel for the group of sensors nnn is the current number in the group code is the station code chan is the channel name hang horizontal angle and vang vertical angle are sensor orientation in space See sitechan relation Table 6 4 green Epicentral Distance ddd ddd Info message ddd ddd is the station event distance in degrees green Azimuth of Source ddd ddd Info message ddd ddd is the azimuth of a station to the source point in degrees green nnn code chan date amp time step mmm Info message This message informs about some attributes specifying the Green s functions nnn is the global number of Green s functions set code is the station name chan is the channel name date amp time is the event origin time step is the Green s function sampling step in seconds and mmm is the total number of samples for the block of six Green s functions 32 3 4 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS syndat Program The syndat program makes synthetic seismograms by convolution of Gree
65. ion of the Program 96 10 APPENDIX D LICENSE If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License
66. irectory a parameter file with the name Param with the following contents short db_list china_cmt_event 0 166 8000 green and start the following command green lt Param 8 3 3 Example 3 Direct shell script Include in your sh csh script the following lines green lt lt EOF short db_list china_cmt_event 0 166 8000 green EOF 8 4 SYNDAT 61 8 4 syndat In this example syndat reads in two files First there is the event file that contains the CMT china_ event Second there is the output from the program green green wfdisc Only the database name green is input rather than the whole file name The output database name is also specified which in this example is Syndat The program will output a wfdisc relation Syndat wfdisc in this example pointing to the waveforms on disk 8 4 1 Example 1 Interactive dialog syndat enter input CMT file name china_cmt_ event enter tensor type O moment 1 nodal plane 1 2 nodal plane 2 0 enter input dbname green enter output dbname Syndat enter output datatype 0 accn 1 vel 2 displ 0 8 4 2 Example 2 Redirection of input file Create in working directory parameter file with the name Param with the following contents china_cmt_event 0 green Syndat 0 and start the following command syndat lt Param 8 4 3 Example 3 Direct shell script Include in your sh csh script the following lines syndat lt lt E
67. is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors reputations Finally any free program is threatened constantly by software patents We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free program will individually obtain patent licenses in effect making the program proprietary To prevent this we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone s free use or not licensed at all The precise terms and conditions for copying distribution and modification follow 93 94 APPENDIX 1 LICENSE GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 0 This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License The Program be low refers to any such program or work and a work based on the Program means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law that is to say a work containing the Program or a portion of it either verbatim or with modifications and or translated into another language Hereinafter translation is included without limitation in the term modification Each licensee is addressed as Activities other than copying distribution and modification are not covered by this License they are
68. istics fmin fmax 0 125 0 mHz nmin 1 30 Imin Imax 1 1631 This produces all toroidal and the vast majority of spheroidal modes up to an 8 sec period There are about 28 000 spheroidal and 28 000 toroidal modes Truncation depth of the eigenfunctions is 1000 km The eigen files for the spheroidal and toroidal modes are about 52 and 22 MB respectively Event files There is a single event file called china cmt event txt that contains Harvard CMT infor mation for an event in Southern China Station Channel files Two sets of station channel files are included 1 long site and long sitechan and 2 short site and short sitechan The long files are a long list of about 150 stations and the short list is about 15 stations at various distances from the event in 9 China 2 1 1 Utilities Currently we provide four utilities cucss2sac eigen2asc endi simpledit and creat_ origin e cucss2sac converts synthetic waveforms represented in CSS3 0 i e wfdisc relation pointing to binary formatted waveforms on disk into SAC or ASCII formatted waveform files Note that the seismological community provides us with other CSS to SAC converters and you may use them at your own risk For example for the SUN platform the distribution set css2sac 3 0 3 tar z is available from IRIS www iris edu The utility from that site however doesn t work under Linux or Windows platforms 15 16 CHAPTER 2 INSTALLA
69. l modes are divided by 1 1 1 This is done in accordance with theory developed by Woodhouse and Dahlen 1978 I0 The new normalization of eigenfunctions is given by F p r 1141 W r r dr 1 for toroidal modes and plr U r 1 14 1 V r r dr 1 0 for spheroidal modes 3 2 4 Messages Program eigcon prints out on the standard output device the following messages 3 2 4 1 Dialog messages Copy of input output dialog or parameter file in dialog form For example spheroidals 3 or toroidals 2 or radial 1 or inner core toroidals 4 modes 3 enter name of model file model_PREM txt enter max depth km 40 enter name of minos_bran output text file PREM_S minos_bran output binary unformatted file name ePREM_S enter path dbase_name or dbase_name to store eigenfunctions test_S 3 2 4 2 Info and error messages 1 Program eigcon Info message Shows that program eigcon starts 2 eigcon n nstart nrad nnn mmm kkk Info message nnn is the total number of nodes of eigenfunction mmm is the number of the starting node after cutting eigenfunction by depth and kkk is the rest number of nodes after cutting 3 ERROO1 eigcon Input plane and binary files differ nn ll 1 Order numbers of some eigenfunctions nn and 11 in the text file differ from the numbers n 1 in the binary data segment Program is terminated Check eigen relation or create i
70. lid entry is required Name refsta Relation site Description Reference station This string specifies the reference station with respect to which the array members are located See deast dnorth NA Value a dash Range Any sta from site Name vang Relation sitechan Description Vertical orientation of seismometer This attribute measures the angle between the sensitive axis of a seismometer and the outward pointing vertical direction For a vertically oriented seismometer vang 0 For a horizontally oriented seismometer vang 90 See hang NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Degrees Range 0 0 lt vang lt 90 0 8 Examples This section contains examples of the interaction with each of the four programs of the Mineos package Each program can be run in three different ways by interactive dialog redirection from an input file or direct use of a shell script In each subsection examples of running the program in each way are presented The output from each approach should be the same The programs are run in order minos bran eigcon green syndat All of the input files named here are included in the standard distribution of the Mineos package 8 1 minos bran In the example given here minos bran reads in a model file called prem noocean txt which is a tabu lar listing of the PREM model with the ocean filled in with solid crust The program outputs two files prem_noocean
71. lt _ site sets up default empty tuple of site relation in memory read sitechan reads sitechan relation from file write sitechan writes sitechan relation to file default sitechan sets up default empty tuple of sitechan relation in memory read wfdisc reads wfdisc relation from file write wfdisc writes wfdisc relation to file put wf disc writes for selected wfdisc tuple associated binary file get wfdisc reads for selected wfdisc tuple associated binary file select sitechan grouping sitechan relation by components single Z component or 3 components default wfdisc sets up default empty tuple of wfdisc relation in memory triple of channels open eigen opens an eigen file and associated binary file close eigen closes an eigen file and associated binary file write eigen writes a single tuple into the eigen file read eigen reads a single tuple from the eigen file null eigen sets up default empty tuple of eigen relation in memory get eigen reads current eigen relation s tuple associated binary file put eigen writes current eigen relation s tuple associated binary file integer 4 factor2 factors an integer number into two factors 41 42 CHAPTER 5 FDB AND TIME SUBROUTINES FUNCTIONS 5 2 time Subprograms The time subroutines functions perform conversions from human to epoch time and vice versa Function loctime returns local system time as a text string A short description follows subroutine epochtoh t year d
72. m creates a directory called db name eigen dat in the same directory where the file dbname eigen is located Under dbname eigen dat it creates a binary file with a fixed name eigen for storing the eigenfunctions This binary file consists of segments with a fixed length one segment per eigenfunction The eigen binary file is a portable file Unlike the minos bran binary file it does not have any encapsulation and can be easily treated by programs written in various high level languages such as C C Perl etc Access to a segment is provided through the eigen relation table namely by referencing the path length byte offset and type of data The eigen relation table 6 1 has the structure of an external database file and can be easily incorporated into relational databases such as ORACLE Postgress MySQL etc 3 2 1 Command Line There are three different ways to start the eigcon program 1 Interactive dialog for setting input parameters eigcon 2 Single shell command with redirection of the standard input from a parameter file parameter_ file containing exactly the same information and in the same order as in the interactive dialog one answer per line eigcon lt parameter_file 3 Direct shell script In this case the contents of the parameter file are directly included in the shell script between delimiters WORD eigcon lt lt WORD See Chapter 8 for examples The parameter file consists of six lines Li
73. model file is a plain ASCII file that may be given in either tabular or polynomial form The first two lines in the model file are common The rest of the file depends on the setting and file type A more detailed description of the model file is Line 1 title Any text of up to 80 characters long Line 2 ifanis tref ifdeck ifanis 1 for an anisotropic transversely isotropic model 0 for isotropic tref is the reference period seconds of the model for the physical dispersion correction If tref lt 0 no correction is made The parameter f deck defines the type of model If ifdeck 1 the model is presented in tabular form If ifdeck 0 the model is presented as a polynomial 3 1 2 1 Tabular Setting if deck 1 Line 3 N nic noc N is the number of model knots and N lt 350 nic is the index of the solid side of the inner core boundary ICB noc is the index of the fluid side of the mantle core boundary MCB Format Unformatted Lines 4 N 3 rho vsv qkappa qshear vph vsh eta Each line describes the model parameter set for a single knot at radius r Note that each knot has an integer index starting from 1 where the index is equal to the line number minus 3 The discontinuity interfaces are defined by a pair of knots at the same radius The line fields are r radius of the knot in meters m minos_ bran truncates the fractional part of radius so a layer with thickness less that 1 m does not m
74. n show w and show they could even be mouse clicks or menu items whatever suits your program You should also get your employer if you work as a programmer or your school if any to sign a copyright disclaimer for the program if necessary Here is a sample alter the names Yoyodyne Inc hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program Gnomovision which makes passes at compilers written by James Hacker signature of Ty Coon 1 April 1989 Ty Coon President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs If your program is a subroutine library you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library If this is what you want to do use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License
75. n s functions green program output with the seismic moment tensor of the chosen event 3 4 1 Command Line There are three different ways to start the syndat program 1 2 3 Interactive dialog for setting input parameters syndat Single shell command with redirection of the standard input from a parameter file parameter_ file containing exactly the same information and in the same order as in the interactive dialog one answer per line syndat lt parameter_file Direct shell script In this case the contents of the parameter file are directly included in the shell script between the delimiters WORD syndat lt lt WORD See Chapter 8 for examples The parameter file consists of five lines Line Line Line Line Line 1 cmt_ event This is the path to the file with the CMT solution for a single event It must be the same cmt_ event file as used in the construction of the Green s functions by the green program It uses part of the file defining the seismic moment tensor components scalar moment and focal planes Format Any string up to 256 characters long 2 plane This defines the method for introducing the moment tensor components If plane 0 the tensor components come in directly from the cmt_ event file as is If plane 1 the program takes the scalar moment and angles from focal plane 1 and computes the moment tensor components For plane 2 the program computes the tensor components
76. n the file db list would include the database names of the other modes For example toroidal modes are usually included in synthetic or SH motions will be ignored In this simple example db list can be considered to have a single entry 60 CHAPTER 8 EXAMPLES 3 The third input file is the file china_ evt which is a single lined listing containing the coordinates and event parameters of an earthquake in China The moment tensor is not used by this program but by the program syndat which follows This example will choose modes only between frequencies of 0 and 166 mHz i e periods greater than 6 sec It will produce Green s functions that are 8000 samples long The time sampling specified in the china cmt evt file is 1 sec so this is a time series length of a little over two hours In many cases both the minor and major arc arrivals can be seen The program will output a wfdisc relation in the database called green that is a file called green wfdisc which points to the waveforms on disk in a default location 8 3 1 Example 1 Interactive dialog green enter path to db with sta stachan short enter name of file within list of nmodes db db_list enter input CMT file name china_cmt_ event min and max frequencies to be considered mHz 0 166 enter pts in greens fns le 30000 8000 enter Green functions output db file name green 8 3 2 Example 2 Redirection of input file Create in the working d
77. nd a pointer to where the full notice is found For example One line to give the program s name and a brief idea of what it does Copyright 8 year name of author This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WAR RANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 59 Temple Place Suite 330 Boston MA 02111 1307 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail If the program is interactive make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode Gnomovision version 69 Copyright year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSO LUTELY NO WARRANTY for details type show w This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions type show c for details The hypothetical commands show and show should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License Of course the commands you use may be called something other tha
78. ne 1 jcom jcom is the type of oscillation jcom 1 for radial modes 2 for toroidal modes 3 for spheroidal modes and 4 for inner core toroidal modes Format Unformatted Line 2 model_ file model_ file is the path to the 1D input model file Format Text string up to 256 characters long Line 3 max depth depth is the depth to cut all output eigenfunctions in km All output values exist in the interval Tn max_ depth only rn is the radius of the free surface in km Format Unformatted Line 4 in plain file This is the path to the input ASCII file The file is the output model listing out plain file of the Line 5 in bin file in bin file is the path to the input FORTRAN binary unformatted file which was produced by the program minos bran See Section 2 1 3 2 EIGCON PROGRAM 25 Line 6 dbname dbname is the path to the output database name The path is a string up to 256 characters long The path should not end with a backslash The part of the string after the last or from the beginning of the string if the string does not have at all is the database name The database name must be at least one character long 3 2 2 Input Data part of eigen relation table in bin file This file has been created by minos bran as an output file See description of the file in Section 3 2 1 3 2 3 Output Data As mentioned above eigcon creates three objects in the file system a relational
79. ogram In addition mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program or with a work based on the Program on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of this License 3 95 You may copy and distribute the Program a work based on it under Section 2 in object code or executable form under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following a Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine readable source code which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or b Accompany it with a written offer valid for at least three years to give any third party for a charge no more than your cost of physically performing source distribution a complete machine readable copy of the corresponding source code to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange or c Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form with such an offer in accord with Subsection b above The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it For an executable work complete source
80. ollection of eigenfunctions in a binary representation The file name none is a special name none will suppress the calculation of eigenfunctions Format Text string up to 256 characters long 19 20 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS Line 4 eps wgrav The parameter eps controls the accuracy of the Runge Kutta integration scheme The relative accuracy of an eigenfrequency is a factor 2 to 3 times eps Parameter eps also controls the precision with which a root is found and the minimum relative separation of two roots with the same angular order It is safe to set eps 10 7 for periods greater than 10 seconds For periods between 5 and 10 seconds it has to be set to 1071 10770 wgrav is the frequency in millihertz mHz above which gravitational terms are neglected this gives about a factor of 3 increase in speed Format Unformatted Line 5 jcom is the type of oscillation jcom 1 for radial modes 2 for toroidal modes 3 for spheroidal modes and 4 for inner core toroidal modes Format Unformatted Line 6 wmin nmin nmax lmin define the range of angular orders to be computed If jcom 1 then Imin are read in but not used wmin wmaz define the frequency range to be computed in millihertz nmin nmax specify the range of dispersion branch numbers n to be computed n 0 is the fundamental mode Format Unformatted 3 1 2 Input Data model_ file The
81. on calper 11 f4 f16 6 118 133 nominal calibration period instype 12 135 140 instrument code segtype 13 cl al 142 142 indexing method datatype 14 c2 a2 144 145 numerical storage clip 15 cl al 147 147 clipped flag dir 16 c64 ia64 149 212 directory dfile 17 c32 832 214 245 data file foff 18 i4 110 247 256 byte offset commid 19 14 18 258 265 comment id lddate 20 date al7 267 283 load date 46 CHAPTER 6 FLAT FILE DATABASE TABLES 7 Attribute Description Name attn Relation eigen Description Attenuation coefficient Q NA Value 1 Range attn gt 0 Name calib Relation wfdisc Description Calibration factor This is the conversion factor that maps digital data to earth displacement The factor holds true at the oscillation period specified by the attribute calper positive value means ground motion increasing in a component direction up north east is indicated by increasing counts A negative value means the opposite Calib generally reflects the best calibration information available at a time of recording NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Nanometers digital count Range Any nonzero floating point number Name clip Relation wfdisc Description Clipped data flag This is a single character flag to indicate whether c or not n the data were clipped NA Value a dash Range lowercase Name calper 47 48 CHAPTER 7 AT
82. ou do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so and all its terms and conditions for copying distributing or modifying the Program or works based on it Each time you redistribute the Program or any work based on the Program the recipient automati cally receives a license from the original licensor to copy distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients exercise of the rights granted herein You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License If as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason not limited to patent issues conditions are imposed on you whether by court order agreement or otherwise that contradict the conditions of this License they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License If you cannot distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations then as a consequence you may not distribute the Program at all For example if a patent license would not permit royalty free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you then the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribut
83. oy hour min sec converts epoch time double t into human time year day of year doy hour minutes min sec Note integer 4 applies to year doy hour min and real 8 applies to sec Day of year doy is the number of days counted from the first day of the year real 8 function htoepoch year doy hour min sec returns epoch time Input arguments are year doy hour minutes min sec Note integer 4 applies to year doy hour min and real 8 applies to sec subroutine doytom year doy mon day converts year and day of year doy into month mon and day of month day The type of all arguments is integer 4 integer 4 function mtodoy year mon day returns days of year Input arguments are year month mon and day The type of all arguments is integer 4 character 17 function loctime returns local system time of form mm dd yy hh mm ss 6 Flat File Database Tables This chapter defines the tables relations in the flat file database The name of each relation appears in bold print at the top of each table The format of the flat files specify fixed field widths and precisions in FORTRAN style Fields are separated in these files with exactly one blank space Table 6 1 Relation eigen Description Eigenfunction and eigenvalue file header attribute name field no storage type external format character position attribute
84. sidered This truncation greatly reduces the size of the eigenfunction file and speeds computation of the Green s functions In addition eigcon reformats the output eigenfunction file into a binary file that is much more independent of computer architecture than that which emerges from minos bran The final output is represented more formally than the output from minos bran based on the eigen relation which points to the eigenfunction file on disk The eigen table is an extension of the CSS database schema 1 5 1 Synthetic Seismogram System of Programs Synthetic seismograms are produced in two stages In the first stage program green computes Green s functions and in the second stage program syndat transforms the Green s functions to synthetic seismo grams by convolving them with a centroid moment tensor and input event half rise time Program green computes the Green s function for an event at an input depth The primary input is the eigen relation s output from eigcon Typically there may only be two eigen files input one for spheroidal 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION and another for toroidal modes Radial modes could constitute another input file However the input is sufficiently flexible to allow the user to separate the input eigenfunctions into more files if desired It is up to the user to ensure that the files contain unique normal modes however The stations and channels for which Green s functions are produced by program
85. t It includes the CMT location the seismic moment tensor components the scalar moment the focal planes the source half duration time and the output time step of the synthetic seismograms Format Any string up to 256 characters long Line 4 fmin fmax fmin fmax define the frequency range to be selected from the input eigenfunction databases modes with frequencies out of this range are rejected Format Unformatted 3 3 Line Line GREEN PROGRAM 29 5 nsamples This is the number of samples in the synthetic seismograms All synthetic seismograms start from the source time Format Unformatted 6 out_ dbname This is the output database name including only the wfdisc relation for unit Green s functions Each row of the wfdisc relation refers to the binary file with 6 multiplexed Green s functions i e one tensor component Format Any string up to 256 characters long 3 3 2 Input Data in_ dbname This database must exist and must include site and sitechan relations The sitechan relation provides the station channel list used by the program Using these relations the green program defines for each station a certain number of channel groups Each group consists of the single Z component channel or a triple of channels Z component and two horizontal components with sensor directions defined by the hang field in the sitechan relation Before grouping the green program sorts the sitechan file by its sta chan
86. t again 3 2 EIGCON PROGRAM 27 4 ERROO2 eigcon Unknown jcom nnn Error message The parameter jcom with value nnn is out of range Program is terminated Provide jcom with right value ERROO3 eigcon jcom nnn does not fit mode sss Error message Impossible combination of jcom and mode For example jcom 2 toroidal modes cannot be used together with a minos_ bran unformatted file for spheroidal modes Program is terminated Provide right jcom and unformatted file ERROO4 eigcon Wrong minos bran output text file Error message Probably the minos_ bran plain file was edited Never change this file Program is terminated Rerun minos bran again to create a proper plain file 28 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS 3 3 green Program The green program computes the Green s functions for a single event and a given set of stations For each station a station channel list specifying the orientation of the sensors must be input The program can optionally compute Green s functions a for the Z component alone b for 3 components with the standard ZNE sensor orientation see Appendix C or c for 3 components with the Z component directed up and two orthogonal horizontal components oriented arbitrarily To set up station information it is necessary to create a flat file database consisting of the two relations site and sitechan in the CSS 3 0 database format It is preferable to create the relations by a program for ex
87. t comparison with data are not part of the package 1 5 EIGENFUNCTION SYSTEM OF PROGRAMS 13 Figure 1 2 Summary of information flow through the synthetic seismogram system of programs comprising green and syndat 14 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 2 Installation 2 1 Getting Started There are examples for running the four programs in Chapter 8 In addition to help the user get started the standard installation comes with several input files Model files Four model files are presented prem noocean txt prem_ocean txt NRussia txt CPacific txt The first two are for PREM one with an ocean and the other in which the ocean has been filled with solid crust The other two model files are a continental and an ocean point in N Russia and the C Pacific respectively The model in the latter two cases is the CU Boulder 3D model in the top 400 km a 3D model from Harvard through the rest of the mantle underlain by PREM in the core presented on a 2 x 2 degree grid worldwide Eigenfunction files Output from eigcon is presented for the 1D model PREM without an ocean There are spheroidal and toroidal files For spheroidal modes there is prem_noocean_S eigen with the associated eigenfunction file that s contained in the directory prem_noocean_S eigen dat simply called eigen Similarly for toroidal modes there is prem noocean T eigen and direc tory prem noocean T eigen dat Eigenfunctions are computed with the following character
88. t the software will enhance your research in geophysics CIG requests that in your oral presentations and in your papers that you indicate your use of this code and acknowledge the authors of the code and http geodynamics org 1 3 Known Limitations Users should be aware of the following known limitations of this release of Mineos e This version of Mineos is fine for low frequency applications but not for working at periods of a few seconds e Attempts to make synthetics for diffracted P waves will find that the inner core modes specifically the energy integrals are not accurately computed It s uncertain that adding nodes to the inner core will solve this problem Some success has been reported by having the synthetics do the energy integrals differently which does not depend on knot spacing 1 4 Getting Help and Reporting Problems The primary point of support for Mineos is the CIG Computational Seismology Mailing List cig seismo geodynamics org Feel free to send questions comments feature requests and bugs to the list The mailing list is archived at geodynamics mineos issues Use this facility to not only submit bugs but also to request new features Your reports will be forwarded to the appropriate CIG staff or member of the community 1 5 Eigenfunction System of Programs The program minos bran is the work horse of the Mineos Package Given a 1D model of the Earth and the normal mode band of interest i e
89. taining the eigenfunctions The package does not slavishly adhere to CSS however For example event information is contained in a single flat file that summarizes the information that would be contained in the origin centryd and moment relations in CSS The input 1D model file also is not part of the CSS schema File formats therefore are a hybrid with CSS and extensions to the CSS core The final output synthetic seismograms are represented by a wfdisc relation which points to binary waveform files The synthetic therefore can be read and displayed by Antelope programs such as dbpick or dbe The binary waveform files themselves however can be converted upon completion into the SAC format with the SAC headers sufficiently populated so that the SAC program can be used to read in manipulate and display the waveforms Such multi tiered access is designed to facilitate user interaction with the synthetics 1 2 Mineos History The original algorithm was based on direct numerical integration of the governing differential equations variable order variable step size Runge Kutta up to the eighth order 9 This initial version was coded by J Freeman Gilbert circa 1966 while at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics IGPP Uni 10 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION versity of California San Diego Tests showed the code then called EOS was superior to Burlisch Stoer despite claims to the contrary in Numerical Recipes The variable st
90. tem comprises the programs that read the output from eigcon and compute Green s functions and synthetic seismograms These programs are green and syndat and information flow through these programs is summarized in Figure 1 2 The four programs are executed in sequence Some of the more important files that are produced along the way and at the end are formatted into an extension of the CSS 3 0 relational database schema Each file is an ASCII flat file that can be read with a text editor but has the advantage of also being subsumable into a database system such as ORACLE Postgress MySQL or Antelope This multi tiered access is a design goal of the I O system of the Mineos package The potential disadvantage of using the relational database framework is that the files in the schema are formatted ASCII files that are better generated programmatically than by hand Under the CSS schema the files are identified by a database name dbname and a suffix that specifies a particular type of file or relation An example would be mineos site which is a site table or relation for the database named mineos To the many users of Antelope some of these files will be transparent as they are part of the core CSS 3 0 definition Examples include the site sitechan and wfdisc relations Other tables are extensions to CSS such as the eigen relation which contains parametric information for the eigenfunctions and points to a much larger direct access file con
91. test_S 8 2 2 Example 2 Redirection of input file Create in the working directory a parameter file named Param with the following contents 3 prem_noocean txt 1000 prem_noocean_S eprem_noocean_S test S and start the following command eigcon Param 8 2 3 Example 3 Direct shell script Include in your sh csh script the following lines eigcon lt lt EOF 3 prem_noocean txt 1000 prem_noocean_S eprem_noocean_S test S EOF 8 9 green In this example there are three principal input files 1 The first input file is the database name of the site and sitechan relations The entries of the sitechan file determine which stations and channels are used for constructing the Green s functions Channel orientations are in the sitechan file but station coordinates are in the site file The database name for these relations in this example is short There must be therefore two pre constructed files short site and short sitechan 2 The second input file is the file db list This file contains the listing of all database names for the eigenfunction files In the previous subsection the eigen relation prem _ noocean_ S eigen was created So if that file contains the only normal modes to be used in the construction of the Green s functions then the file db list would have a single entry prem noocean 5 Note Only the database name is included and not the relation name suffix eigen If other modes are desired the
92. that the order of channels for the given station is not important 4 5 CREATE_ ORIGIN 39 4 5 create origin NAME create origin Convert an event text file into the CSS3 0 origin relation SYNOPSIS create origin cmt event db name DESCRIPTION The shell script create origin reads from the cmt_ event ASCII file the first line written in the format of input cmt event file for program green converts the source time and location into a single row CS53 0 relation table and stores it into the name origin file The script create origin only fills out in the origin relation the following fields lat lon depth time orid jdate auth and Iddate The other fields are not important for the Mineos package and are filled with default values For more details about the origin relation see Table 4 1 below or for the complete description see Anderson et al 1990 L Table 4 1 Relation origin Description Data on event location and confidence bounds attribute name field no storage type external format character position attribute description lat 1 f4 f9 4 1 9 estimated latitude lon 2 f4 19 4 11 19 estimated longitude depth 3 f4 f9 4 21 29 estimated depth time 4 f8 17 5 31 47 epoch time orid 5 i4 i8 49 56 origin id evid 6 i4 i8 58 65 event id jdate T i4 i8 67 74 julian date nass 8 i4 i4 76 79 no of associated phases ndef
93. the file name of a disk waveform or single component Green s function In eigen this is the name of a multiplexed eigenfunction file NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range Any string up to 32 characters long 50 CHAPTER 7 ATTRIBUTE DESCRIPTION Name dir Relation eigen wfdisc Description Directory This attribute is the directory part of a path name This is a relative path for the current directory containing the eigen relation NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Range Any string of up to 64 characters Name dnorth Relation site Description Distance north This attribute gives the northing or relative position of an array element north of the array center specified by the value of refsta See deast NA Value 0 0 Units Kilometers Range 20 000 00 lt dnorth lt 20 000 00 Name edepth Relation sitechan Description Emplacement depth This attribute gives the depth at which the instrument is positioned relative to the value of elev in the site relation NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Units Kilometers Range edepth gt 0 0 Name eigid Relation eigen Description Eigenfunction identifier The key field is a unique identifier for an eigenfunction data defined by mode numbers n l and the type of mode NA Value NOT ALLOWED A valid entry is required Name elev Relation site Description Elevation This attribute is the elevation
94. ths geocentric are shown in Table B 1 units are degrees Code Station name Latitude Longitude Distance Azimuth BJT Beijing China 40 0183N 116 1679E 19 123 135 267 TLY Talaya Russia 51 6807N 103 6438E 26 308 175 417 BILL Bilibino Russia 68 0651N 166 4524E 57 417 103 266 Table B 1 Station coordinates geographic epicentral distances geocentric and source azimuths geocen tric for Benchmark test 2 Mineos vs Herrmann s plane code for fundamental modes Moment tensor components are Mor 0 60 24 Mog 6 29 24 My 6 89e24 Mpg 1 85 24 Mpy 0 12 24 Mo 4 73e24 The input model is isotropic double layered crust PREM in which the water layer is filled with the upper crust s velocities Computations for both codes were performed without attenuation and gravity effects Srtictly speaking plane code does not support gravity computation at all so gravity was turned off for the Mineos code The Mineos synthetic accelerograms were converted to displacement All seismograms were computed in the period range 5 to 200 seconds The spectral range was tapered with half cosine windows with corner frequencies 1 200 1 100 Hz and 1 6 1 5 Hz The dispersion curves of the phase and group velocities obtained from the two codes Figure B 4 are practically identical the maximum absolute difference of velocities doesn t exceed 0 8 m s Synthetic seis mograms
95. to make ml greater than 10000 which leads to inaccuracy in computing the associated Legendre polynomials By default ml 6000 ERRO11 eigen flat and bin indices are different Error message Broken input eigen relation Program is terminated Check or create eigen again ERRO12 green sph modes in band exceed max allowed number nnn Error message The total number of spheroidal modes in the band exceeds the maximum allowed number of nnn Program is terminated Increase parameter meig in the green h header and recompile the program By default meig 200000 ERRO12 green tor modes in band exceed max allowed number nnn Error message The total number of toroidal modes in the band exceeds the maximum allowed number nnn Program is terminated Increase parameter meig in the green h header and recompile the program By default meig 200000 green sph modes in band nnn must be le meig Info message nnn is the total number of spheroidal modes in all input databases meig is the maximum allowed number of spheroidal modes green tor modes in band nnn must be le meig Info message nnn is the total number of toroidal modes in all input databases meig is the maximum allowed number of toroidal modes green evid date amp time lat dd ddd lon green source depth ddd d km green step d ddd sec nsamples ddddd Info message This message outputs part of the cmt_ event file event
96. umns are the 6 unit Green s functions Grr Goo Gov Gro Gro Goy for the chosen component vertical or some horizontal The order of the components is the same as the order of the seismic moment tensor components defined in the syndat program So the corresponding synthetic seismogram S NOTE IN ACCELERATION nm s is given by the formula 10 18 5 Gij Mij tj where are given in dyne cm for ij rr 00 pp ry NOTE According to SAC compliance event depth is stored in the SAC header in meters EXAMPLES cucss2sac Syndat Syndat_SAC cucss2sac green green_SAC cucss2sac a Syndat Syndat_ASC cucss2sac a n Syndat Syndat_ASC_NOHEADER 4 2 eigen2asc NAME eigen2asc Converts the eigen relation table to ASCII files SYNOPSIS eigen2asc n nmin nmax lmin Imax db name out dir 4 3 ENDI 37 OPTIONS n Suppress header output in ASCII files DESCRIPTION The eigen2asc utility converts some part or the whole eigen relation into a set of ASCII files Program eigen2asc searches in the db_name eigen file for all eigenfunctions with mode numbers n 1 satisfying the following conditions nmin lt n lt lmin lt 1 lt Imax and converts eigenfunctions to ASCII files Output files are stored in out_ dir Each output file consists of the header and the body The header is a single line including the first 10 fields of the eigen relation see Table 6 1 The option n excludes the header output The
97. using the scalar moment and focal plane 2 Format Unformatted in dbname in_ dbname is the input database name for the input Green s functions The wfdisc relation of the in_ dbname database must be the output wfdisc relation of the green program Format Any string up to 256 characters long 4 out dbname This is the output database name for the wfdisc relation for synthetic seismograms Each row of the wfdisc relation refers to a binary file with synthetic data in nm sec Format Any string up to 256 characters long 5 datatype This defines the type of synthetic data If datatype 0 the output synthetic waveforms are accelero grams in nm s This is recommended native Mineos output If datatype 1 the output is velocity waveform in nm s and if datatype 2 the output is displacement in nm This is done by additional conversion of accelerograms to velocity or displacement 3 4 SYNDAT PROGRAM 3 4 2 Input Data event See description in Section 3 3 2 in_ dbname out_dbname database for the wfdisc relation from the green program 3 4 3 Output Data out_dbname Database name for the final synthetic seismograms referenced by the wfdisc relation 33 34 CHAPTER 3 RUNNING THE MINEOS PROGRAMS Chapter 4 The Utilities User s Manual 4 1 cucss2sac NAME cucss2sac Converts CSS 3 0 waveforms to SAC binary or ASCII files SYNOPSIS cucss2sac n db name out SAC dir OPTIONS a Generate ASCII
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