c-Beta User`s Manual - Hobi Instrument Services
Contents
1. d HSoft Data File Samples AB08Test cal Browse bicis un Select All 991217a raw AbOshexdata raw abOshexdatasmall raw Select None garb raw garb2 raw Use Shift click to select i groups of files cdas Ctri click to select or deselect individual files Raw Files to Process E d D DRIVE File name filter raw Save Processed Data Files To Same location as raw files con 5 11 1 Making Calibrated Data Files When Make Calibrated Files is selected you need to specify a calibration file to be used You can type the path and name of the file directly or use the Browse button to open an Open File dialog box You must also select the file or files you wish to process using the familiar drive and directory list controls The list in the center right of the dialog box shows those files that are contained in the drive and directory you specify and whose names match the File name filter you specify If Show only files matching calibration file is checked as it is by default HydroSoft will check the contents of the files and list only those that contain data from the instrument type and serial number specified by the selected calibration file You can select a single file or an arbitrary group of files from the list Select a contiguous group of files by shift clicking and select or deselect individual files by Ctrl clicking Once you start processing all the selected f2. C packet 41 12 CALIBRATION REFERENCE 12 1 CALIBRATION DATA FILE FORMAT HydroSoft normally loads calibration data directly from the a Beta but can also store and read them in text files with the following format The parameters and their sequence may vary somewhat depending on software versions General DeviceType c Serial CB991113 Config 200 axDepth CalTime 6271 320 Beta Label Sample File 24816 11 15 99 09 20 16 E 03 DepthCal 5 27564 DepthOff 2311 19 Scattering Lambda 532 DeltaLambda 10 lt Informational gt Gain1 0 103098301 Gain2 1 Gain3 10 85966445 Gain4 100 0800938 Gain5 948 7336892 ffset4 2 ffset5 30 Offset1 3 Offset2 3 Offset3 2 O O Mu 0 00125904 Sigmal 0 Sigma2 0 Sigma3 0 SigmaExp 993 131 0138 0 150 ChiBb 1 0807 TempCoeff 0 CalTemp 22 7 MuRho 1 1 lt may not be used in HydroSoft 2 7 gt lt not used if SigmaExp is present gt lt not used if SigmaExp is present gt lt not present in some earlier files gt lt user can override this within HydroSoft gt lt often zero gt lt not present in some earlier files gt 43 Attenuation Lambda 532 DeltaLambda 10 TrNought 98 TrPure 224876 CalTemp 22 3 lt Informational gt Path 0 3 chi0 0 lt always zero or absent for c Beta gt Chil 0 lt always ze
3. 43 12 2 Calibration Fquations ii sels se sa cicle cda cinco 44 12 21 Dep ren Reg 44 12225 Volume Scotland lali 44 12243 V Scattenng Sigma CONE 45 12245 Backseattering Eoeffieieft ae u 45 T2205 a A ee OE EE Ee 46 13 CUSTOMER SERVICE Sa naeh 49 vi 1 INTRODUCTION 11 OVERVIEW c Beta is a self contained instrument for measuring optical backscattering by and beam attenuation c in natural waters In addition to the optics and electronics to support the primary optical measurements each c Beta includes a depth transducer rechargeable batteries a data logger with real time clock and an external switch for controlling logging The data logger supports a wide range of sampling rates as well as burst mode sampling for collection over extended periods 1 2 BACKSCATTERING BETA OPTICS The source beam originates from a light emitting diode LED selected to match the desired measurement wavelength The beam from the LED goes through a prism that bends the beam before it enters the water The receiver consists of an identical prism that bends the field of view toward the source beam a bandpass interference filter that determines the exact wavelength range of the measurement and a lens that focuses the received light onto a silicon detector The divergences of the source beam and receiver field of view the angles of the prisms and the distance between the source and receiver windows determine the range of scattering angles ove
4. Volume Figure 2 Side View 1 4 ELECTRONICS The inherently low optical throughput of the backscattering measurement demands very sensitive electronics In clear water the backscattering signals arriving on the backscattering detector may be as low as a few picoWatts At the same time natural background light may be orders of magnitude larger To separate backscattering signals from background light the LEDs are modulated at audio frequencies and synchronous receiver electronics used to discriminate against interfering signals To allow measurement in a wide range of waters and to accommodate the requirements of our calibration procedure the backscattering receiver gain can be set to one of 5 settings spaced a decade apart c Beta normally selects the appropriate gain automatically based on the amount of backscattering detected as well as the amount of background light 2 1 2 2 2 QUICK START SETUP 1 Install HydroSoft on your computer see section 4 1 or the HydroSoft manual Connect the supplied power data interface PDI cable to the appropriate port on your computer Connect the cable to the underwater connector on the c Beta Plug the cord from the battery charger transformer into the barrel connector on the data cable Plug the battery charger transformer into a 120 VAC jack Run HydroSoft by selecting it on the Windows Start menu Click Y or select Connect from the Instrument Menu Click the Search
5. attempt a connection to each port at each baud rate from 4800 to 57600 until it receives valid identifying information from an instrument Note that c Beta s maximum baud rate is 38400 but HydroSoft searches at 57600 to accommodate other possible instruments The dialog box will automatically close if a valid connection is found 5 4 4 Load Calibration From Instrument Option If Load Calibration From Instrument is checked at the time an instrument is connected HydroSoft will prompt the instrument to transmit the calibration information stored in the instrument s memory This will override the currently selected calibration file if any See section 6 for more information about calibration files 5 5 LOGGING SETUP c Beta can be programmed to collect data continuously at rates from 0 1 Hz to 10 Hz or intermittently to allow autonomous logging for long periods In HydroSoft you can set these parameters in the following dialog box which appears when you select Sampling Options from the c Beta menu 15 3 Sampling Options x Sample Rate 10 00 per second Sample Period f 1 seconds Start Delay 0 seconds Burst mode on Burst length 5 seconds Burst interval 5 minutes Close When the Sampling Options dialog is first open it may take several seconds for the current settings to be retrieved from the c Beta Similarly when you click the Apply button there will be a noticeable delay while HydroS
6. of those parameters Most lines sent by the sensor decimal data lines being an important exception begin with a character that indicates the nature of the message e Apostrophe indicates a routine parameter or other informational message e Exclamation point indicates an error or urgent message e Asterisk indicates a hexadecimal data packet 31 If the sensor receives a command it does not understand it will reply by echoing the command preceded by an exclamation point and followed by a question mark For example sending DESTRUCT lt enter gt Prompts the reply DESTRUCT 94 ROUTINE COMMANDS 9 4 1 lt ENTER gt Sending the lt enter gt character alone causes the sensor to immediately send a line of data in the currently set data format See also sections 9 4 6 and 011 9 4 2 BURST on Controls burst mode logging If on is nonzero burst mode is active BURST also displays the values of burstlength and burstcycle which are set with their own commands Also see section 5 3 9 4 3 BURSTLENGTH length Length is the duration of each sampling burst in seconds Also see section 9 3 9 4 4 BURSTCYCLE period Period is the number of minutes from the start of one sampling burst to the start of the next Also see section 5 3 9 4 5 CLEARLOG Erases the entire contents of logmemory Before proceeding requires the user to confirm by typing YES all upper case 9 4 6 DATAFORMAT format Sets numeric f
7. raw data formats see section 11 5 13 CALIBRATED DATA FILE FORMAT HydroSoft normally names calibrated data files with the extension DAT Calibrated data files start with a header like the following Header HydroSoftVersion 2 00 CreationDate 06 17 00 15 11 41 FileType dat DeviceType c Beta DataSource c Beta CalSource d hsoft test files cb990512 cal Serial CB990508 Config 200 SigmaParams 21 p 6 Channels bb 532 nm c 532 nm ColumnHeadings Time Depth bb 532 nm bb 532 nm u c 532 nm Data 36629 5892075231 10 703 1 6972E 05 1 7092E 05 1 0358E 02 Future versions of HydroSoft may include additional information between the Header and Data markers The line following ColumnHeadings names the parameters included in the calibrated data lines Future HydroSoft files may include additional column headings and data parameters but if so the parameters shown here will remain in the same order Times are stored as double precision real numbers corresponding to the number of days since midnight January 1 1900 This is the native format of dates and times in Microsoft Excel Depth is in meters by is in inverse meters and is shown first in its sigma corrected form then in uncorrected form cis also in inverse meters 22 6 CALIBRATION DATA In general data are received from c Beta in raw form and must be converted to calibrated units The coe
8. 6 though HydroSoft allows you to enter different values of p or to specify another method of estimation 6 4 CONVERTING f TO bp Single angle backscattering instruments like c Beta measure the volume scattering function B at a particular angle but the backscattering coefficient by is often of most direct interest Therefore HydroSoft s default backscattering output is an estimate of bp HydroSoft gives you control over the parameters used to make this estimate See the HydroSoft User s Manual for more details 24 7 POWER AND DATA CONNECTIONS c Beta can be powered from three sources 1 external 7V to 15V supply 2 internal battery 3 battery charger Any combination of these source may be safely connected simultaneously Power will be drawn from the source with the highest voltage Nominal power draw is 60 to 70 mA during sampling and 1 mA during low power sleep c Beta communicates via RS 232 through a standard computer serial port Power and data lines are brought out on a SubConn MCBH8M connector mate MCIL8F with pins assigned as shown below PIN c Beta FUNCTION Face View of Male Pins 1 Supply voltage 7 to 15 V MCBH8M 2 Common 3 RS232 Instrument Receive O 2 4 RS232 Instrument Transmit D 3 5 Battery charging input 12 to 24 V 6 4 6 Reserved 7 Reserved 8 Battery Disable see 8 4 The supplied cable splits into a DB9 for communication a barrel con
9. Beta menu making sure that it is addressing the port to which c Beta is connected Wait for 2 minutes after the reset completes before attempting to reconnect The serial ports on some computers especially laptops do not produce enough voltage to guarantee this procedure will work An alternative is to directly apply a voltage of approximately 9V to the DB9 serial connector on the data interface cable while it is connected to the c Beta Apply the positive side of the voltage source to pin 3 of the DB9 connector and the negative side to pin 5 You may have received a device for this purpose with a 9V battery attached to a DB9 male connector with your c Beta If so simply plug this device into the interface cable for about 30 seconds then wait for 2 minutes before attempting to reconnect with the computer If you cannot perform the above procedures use this alternative 1 If it is possible the battery is discharged connect the charger for at least 30 to 60 minutes Disconnect the charger from AC power Disconnect the data cable from c Beta s underwater connector Plug the special dummy plug designated by a red or yellow handle into the underwater connector for 10 seconds If the special plug is not available directly short pins 2 and 8 together see section 8 4 Remove the dummy plug and reconnect the data cable to the computer 37 11 RAW DATA FORMATS Raw data can be sent in either hexadecimal or decimal forma
10. OP Ends a cast and stops sampling STOP does not automatically turn off analog power Turning off the external switch automatically executes STOP followed by SLEEP 9 4 17 STOREFORMAT Makes the current data format the default setting so it will remain in effect even if the sensor is reset See section 9 4 6 9 4 18 TIME mm dd yyyy hh mm ss Sets the c Beta real time clock TIME accepts partial dates and or times as arguments For example TIME 3 45 will set the time to 3 45 without affecting the date TIME 10 23 will set the date to October 23 without affecting the time or year 9 4 19 XMODEM cast Prepares c Beta to start an Xmodem transfer If a cast is specified that cast will be transferred If no cast is specified the entire contents of the log memory will be transferred To complete the transfer the terminal program used to communicate with c Beta must support Xmodem transfers After sending the XMODEM command to c Beta you must initiate the transfer with an appropriate command to the terminal program 95 ADDITIONAL COMMANDS 9 5 1 BAUD rate Changes the baud rate to the given rate Valid rates are 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 and 38400 but note that HydroSoft does not support rates below 4800 The default rate is 19200 9 5 2 GAIN gain Sets the gain of the backscattering channel A gain value of 1 through 5 fixes the gain at that level Setting gain to zero the default turns on automatic gai
11. T 1 2 3 4 OR 1 2 From the Start menu select Settings then Control Panel Double click on the Add Remove Programs icon Select HydroSoft from the list of programs Click the Add remove button Open the directory into which you installed HydroSoft Double click on the unwise exe icon which runs the un installer 11 5 COLLECTING AND HANDLING DATA 5 1 PRIMARY DATA The primary data reported in every sample are e date and time e scattering the gain of the scattering channel e transmission via the attenuation measurement path e pressure and e internal instrument temperature 5 2 HOUSEKEEPING DATA c Beta records certain housekeeping parameters that are not required for normal data processing but can be valuable for troubleshooting and for evaluating the health of the sensor They are e battery voltage in V LED drive current in mA e background radiance on the detectors in arbitrary units e two additional internal temperatures in C e In live decimal data only the charging current flowing into the battery is also shown in amperes Charging current is not logged and therefore is not displayed with logged data Normally the housekeeping data are logged at one tenth the rate of the main data That is every ten samples are followed by one housekeeping sample Logging of housekeeping can be turned off through the LOGHOUSE command section 9 5 4 Although not advis
12. al battery voltage or external supply voltage Therefore the battery voltage can only be read when it is higher than the external supply if any The battery voltage gives a rough indication of how much charge remains The following plot shows the voltage of a new fully charged battery driving a c Beta at room temperature At lower temperatures and as the battery ages this curve can be expected to shift down in voltage decreasing the effective capacity 27 Battery voltage V 0 10 20 30 40 Discharge Time hr ROOM TEMPERATURE DISCHARGE VOLTAGE When the battery voltage falls below 6 6 V indicating it is virtually completely discharged c Beta will halt any logging in progress and go into an indefinite low power sleep state With its load thus reduced the battery voltage will typically recover and the logger will be able to maintain its internal state for at least several days and likely several weeks However since the data are stored in nonvolatile flash memory no data will be lost even if the battery completely fails 8 3 CHARGING c Beta includes a constant current charger that recharges the battery in a maximum of 15 hours The actual charging time reguired after a partial discharge is between one third and one half of the full power operating time Operating the sensor while charging the batteries will increase the reguired charging time by about 1 3 since the operating current reduces the effective charging current by t
13. ble 3 6 CONNECTORS Occasionally spray the connector pins with silicone lubricant The connectors should mate smoothly without great force Well lubricated connectors also disconnect fairly easily so always use the locking sleeves NOTE use care to avoid contaminating the optical windows with lubricant 3 7 MOUNTING AND DEPLOYMENT c Beta can be suspended vertically from its metal eye or strapped to another support If mounting to another structure protect the finish on the case from direct metal contact The Beta side of the sensor is very sensitive to scattering from nearby objects Keep a 30 degree cone in front of the windows clear of any objects to avoid any extraneous scattering Even objects that appear very non reflective or are well out of the nominal sampling volume can create substantial offsets in the backscattering measurement However the degree of sensitivity depends on the object and its exact position within the sensitive area You may be able to determine non interfering locations by experiment It is usually preferable for the Beta side of the sensor to face directly down in the water to minimize the effect of background illumination However in shallow water over a reflective bottom under bright solar illumination light reflected into the windows may cause high noise levels or in extreme cases saturation In such situations it may be advantageous to mount the sensor horizontally so that the backscattering rec
14. button After a short time HydroSoft should identify the instrument load its calibration and close the Connect dialog box 10 Select Set Date Time from the c Beta menu 11 Click Set Time to synchronize the c Beta clock with your computer s clock This will take several seconds Then click Close to close the Date Time dialog box COLLECTING DATA 12 Select Sampling Options from the c Beta menu 13 For testing purposes we recommend the following settings Sample Rate 2 per second Start Delay 0 seconds Burst mode unchecked 14 Select Plot Vs Time from the Graph menu 15 Click Start or select Start from the c Beta menu This will cause data to be logged in c Beta s logging memory as well as sent to HydroSoft 2 3 2 4 2 5 16 If no data are visible after a short time click E and the plot will zoom as needed to show all data 17 To adjust the way data are displayed double click on the graph or select Properties from the Graph menu 18 Click SD or select Stop from the c Beta menu 19 Close the open data file by selecting Close from the File menu or clicking on the l button If desired save the file when prompted DOWNLOADING DATA FROM C BETA 20 Select Get Data From Instrument from the c Beta menu 21 After several seconds a directory of casts in memory will appear The last cast listed should be the one you just recorded If that cast is not already highlighted clic
15. c Beta Optical Attenuation and Backscattering Instrument User s Manual Revision J Sept 17 2004 HOBILabs Hydro Optics Biology and Instrumentation Laboratories Inc www hobilabs com Si 888 414 HOBI 888 414 4624 Current Firmware Version 1 42 Other firmware versions may differ in some respects Contact HOBI Labs for information about firmware upgrades REVISIONS Revision J Sept 17 2004 Correct formula for temperature correction of transmission 12 2 5 other minor corrections and clarifications in section 12 Revision I May 20 2004 Updated section 12 to reflect refinements in calibration processing and HydroSoft and improve equation formatting Added section 5 3 August 1 2001 Updated Addresses added alternative reset procedure to section 10 February 23 2001 Fixed dangling cross references February 21 2001 Formatting update section 13 February 6 2001 Cosmetic changes January 20 2001 Clarifications and corrections to formulas in sections 12 2 3 December 12 2000 Corrected several typos December 1 2000 First version separated from a Beta ii 12 INTRODUCTION St A A ee EEES 1 LL A RR NN 1 1 2 Backscatterine beta Optics ses See TR ede a se Ge Seed 1 L3 Attenuation OPUS a eso RE se EE Ge Eee 1 je EUIS en EE T N 2 2r QUICK START ae einen 5 RE EE rkuriune 5 22 Collecting Data abs 5 2 3 Downloading Data From c Beta sursesssssnssssnssnsnssnsnssnsnssnsnssnssns
16. carriage return and line feed 11 2 2 Housekeeping Data Packet Example 160209327194B801EE1B8 lt CR gt lt LF gt C n Bytes Packet Flag Po ee re a A RawV unsigned HH_ 2 60 RawDrive signed HHHH 4 2093 Bbgnd J unsinedHH 2 27 Tbgnd Junsigged Bd 2 19 40 LEDTempRa Ed 1EE1 W ln 2 24 MBTempRa er W Checksum HH Terminator lt cR gt lt LF gt Like the primary data packet the housekeeping packet begins with an asterisk It is distinguished from other packets by the character I in the second position RawV is an unsigned 1 byte integer that indicates the supply voltage of the c Beta To convert it to volts divide by 10 The calibrated value has a range of 0 to 25 BV RawDrive indicates the current flowing through the LEDs It is a 16 bit signed integer although in practice it is never negative To convert to actual current in mA multiply this number by 0 00382 Bbgnd and Tbgnd indicate the output voltage from the front end of the beta and transmission receivers respectively presumably due to background radiance They are unsigned bytes with arbitrary units MBTempRaw and LEDTempRaw are unsigned 16 bit integers indicating the readings from two additional temperature sensors on the motherboard and LED driver board To convert to actual temperature in C multiply by 0 00382 and subtract 50 Checksum and Terminator are the same as in the
17. deck let the instrument stabilize in the water for 10 minutes before collecting data 3 2 GENERAL CLEANING Upon removing the instrument from salt water rinse it thoroughly with fresh water and rinse the windows with distilled or deionized water Periodically inspect the windows for contamination 3 3 BETA OPTICS The Beta measurement uses an acrylic prism window that is easily scratched Minor scratches will not seriously compromise the measurements but the windows must be treated carefully to avoid abrasion Do not use acetone or abrasive cleaners Do not over clean the windows Unless the windows become visibly dirty during use it is usually sufficient to clean them once daily with soap or alcohol and a soft cloth then rinse them with clean water whenever they are removed from the water 3 4 ATTENUATION OPTICS The transmission optics include a large window on the main body of the instrument and the glass retroreflector separated from the sensor by an open standoff The attenuation optics require special care in cleaning because attenuation measurements are inherently sensitive to small changes in transmission through the windows When the c Beta is deployed for intermittent profiling it should be thoroughly cleaned at least once per deployment day Cleaning may be necessary more often depending on the turbidity of the water and how frequently and carefully the sensor is handled on deck Be especially wary of deposits that may b
18. e left by sea water or tap water All cleaning steps require clean non abrasive paper towels with low lint Some towel lint is tolerable if it can be blown away with pressurized air Use a new towel at the beginning of each step and do not touch the windows directly with your fingers 1 Wash the windows with water and a mild liquid dishwashing detergent 2 Thoroughly rinse all the soap away with distilled or deionized water 3 Wipe the windows dry 4 If any dirt or other contamination other than loose lint is still visible on the windows repeat the wash 5 Apply ethanol or methanol to a towel Wipe the window with the towel then immediately wipe away the alcohol with a second dry towel 6 Before putting the sensor in the water thoroughly rinse the windows again with distilled or deionized water but do not wipe them unless they may have been dirtied in the interim 7 Upon removing the instrument from the water immediately rinse it very thoroughly with fresh water Avoid letting unpurified rinse water dry on the windows As soon as possible rinse the windows with distilled or deionized water 3 5 PRESSURE TRANSDUCER The pressure transducer is underneath an array of four small holes in the face plate on the Beta side Before storing the sensor flush the transducer with a gentle stream of fresh water into the holes A squeeze bottle is ideal for the purpose A low velocity stream from a hose is also accepta
19. e used while a logging cast is in progress 9 5 6 SLEEPINFO Displays the time and cause of the most recent sleep and wake 9 5 7 POWER on Controls power to the LEDs pressure transducer and analog processing electronics If on is zero turns off the analog power Note that when power is off all sampling ceases However the START command automatically turns power onin preparation for sampling Sampling is stopped and the analog power turned off whenever data are downloaded in order to reduce the load on c Beta s microprocessor 9 5 8 VERBOSE on If on is nonzero every sample transmitted will include housekeeping data even if the housekeeping data were not actually sampled If on is zero 35 housekeeping data will be included only when they are actually sampled normally every tenth sample The current setting of VERBOSE affects data transmitted during logging downloading It does not affect binary data downloads or single data samples transmitted in response to the enter key which always include housekeeping data 9 5 9 VER Displays the firmware version 9 6 SPECIAL PURPOSE COMMANDS 9 6 1 BUILDDIR Scans the contents of the flash memory and rebuilds a directory to it in RAM BUILDDIR runs automatically when the firmware starts up and is not normally needed at other times BUILDDIR may take several minutes to run if the memory is full 9 6 2 QUIT Used only under special circumstances Immediately qu
20. ed for most circumstances there are two reasons this might be desirable 1 Housekeeping data consume memory about 10 of the memory devoted to primary data 2 The time required to collect and store housekeeping data can be significant at sampling rates above 5 samples per second Above that rate the processing time for the housekeeping data may cause the sample immediately following a housekeeping sample to be skipped leading to unstable sample intervals For stable timing at rates above 5 Hz housekeeping logging should be turned off 13 5 3 CALIBRATION AND PROCESSING SETUP Several settings within HydroSoft affect how the raw data from the instrument are calibrated We will list them here for more details see the HydroSoft manual as well as sections 6 and 12 of this manual Each instrument is supplied with a calibration file that quantifies its unique characteristics All the calibration information is also stored in the instrument s non volatile memory and by default HydroSoft loads it each time you connect see section 5 4 4 However you can manually select a different calibration file and even edit the calibration for special purposes HydroSoft also gives you control over two aspects of the backscattering calibration sigma correction and conversion from volume scattering to the backscattering coefficient by controlled by the Sigma Correction Parameters and Backscattering Parameters dialog boxes respectively All th
21. eivers do not face the bottom Some experimentation may be required in such cases 4 HYDROSOFT SOFTWARE HydroSoft is HOBI Labs Windows based software for communicating with c Beta as well as other instruments Instructions in this manual assume you are using HydroSoft to communicate with your c Beta and cover its primary functions You may wish to consult the separate HydroSoft manual for a more complete description and details 4 1 INSTALLING HYDROSOFT HydroSoft is supplied on a CD ROM with new c Betas and can be supplied on floppy disks by request We also recommend you visit our web site www hobilabs com to check for downloadable updates to HydroSoft It is installed using a procedure that is familiar to most Windows users 1 4 5 Run InstallHydroSoft exe from CD ROM or from your computer if you have received it through the internet Click the Next button in the installer s Welcome dialog box Decide whether you would like the HydroSoft application stored in the default directory shown normally c program files HOBI Labs If not click the Browse button to select a different directory or type the name of a new directory you would like to create Click Next to start the installation When the installation is complete click Finish to exit It is not normally necessary to reboot your computer unless the installer program explicitly instructs you to 42 REMOVING HYDROSOF
22. eric terminal program Some less common commands are accessible only through this method 91 COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL c Beta communicates through a standard RS 232 serial connection with 8 data bits no parity one stop bit and no handshaking The sensors default to 19200 baud but can be set to other standard rates up to 38400 see section 9 5 1 92 COMMAND SYNTAX Each command takes a maximum of one numeric argument Commands always reply with the current value of any parameters whether or not the parameter value was supplied with the command A comma or space may be included as a separator before the argument but is not required For example POWERT POWER 1 and POWER 1 are equivalent Commands must end with a carriage return and or line feed Commands are not case sensitive but are converted to upper case as they are entered Characters are also echoed as they are received NOTE whenever the analog power is on see section 9 5 7 it is advisable to provide a delay of 1 ms or more between successive characters sent to the instrument HydroSoft introduces this automatically and if you are typing commands through a terminal there will be ample delay If using custom software to communicate you may need to introduce delays in the program 9 3 COMMAND REPLIES Every command produces a reply some consisting of more than one line If the command sets operational parameters the reply will include the current settings
23. ese parameters are set to sensible values by default but sophisticated users may wish to adjust them for certain applications 5 4 CONNECTING C BETA To communicate with a c Beta HydroSoft must open the appropriate computer port at the correct baud rate The following dialog box allows you to control this process 5 4 1 Connection Dialog Box Connect To Instrument Ed Status No Connection Com Port Baud Rate Instrument Type com 1 7 2600 unknown 7 M Load Calibration From Instrument B Search Close This dialog box appears each time you select Connect from the Instrument menu e click on the Connect button in a data window attempt an operation that requires a connection if a connection has not yet been established 14 5 4 2 Manual Connection If you click the Connect button HydroSoft will open the currently selected port at the selected baud rate Normally you need not select an instrument type because HydroSoft will always request identification information from the instrument If it receives a reply sufficient to identify the instrument it will proceed with the connection and close the dialog box If not it will notify you and ask whether to open the connection anyway In you instruct it to it will proceed on the assumption that an instrument of the type you designate is connected 5 4 3 Search Connection If you click Search HydroSoft will ignore the selected port and baud rate and
24. fficients required for this conversion are unique to each instrument and may be revised from time to time when the instrument is recalibrated HydroSoft requires an appropriate calibration to be loaded before it can plot or store calibrated data from an instrument or raw data file 6 1 LOADING CALIBRATIONS Calibrations can be loaded either directly from a connected c Beta or from a file on the host computer To load an instrument s calibration check the Load Calibration From Instrument option while connecting to the instrument see section 5 3 To load a calibration from a file choose Select Calibration File from the File menu If you select a new calibration file while an instrument is connected or while a raw data file is open HydroSoft will only load it if it is of a matching type HydroSoft will inform you if the type does not match It will also warn you if the serial number of the instrument does not match that contained in the calibration file but it will offer you the option of loading it even if the serial numbers do not match Once a calibration file is loaded it remains in effect until a different one is loaded When you exit HydroSoft it stores the name of the current calibration file If the Automatically recall last selected calibration file option is selected in the Preferences dialog box the file will be reloaded the next time HydroSoft starts up If you have more than one data window open in HydroSoft you can select a d
25. hat amount NOTE to protect against disruptive transients connect the output of the charger to the instrument before plugging the charger into an AC outlet While the battery tolerates indefinite periods of charging repeated prolonged charges can eventually degrade battery capacity For best battery life we recommend that you charge on average not more than 1 5 times the time that the sensor is operated from the battery not including sleep time and occasionally allow the battery to discharge completely that is until the sensor goes to sleep 8 4 BATTERY DISABLE To preserve maximum capacity during periods of prolonged storage or during shipping it may be desirable to disconnect the battery This also provides a way to reset the data logger in case it malfunctions 28 The battery can be disconnected by shorting pins 2 and 8 of the underwater connector using the special dummy plug supplied This special plug distinguished by a red band must be removed and replaced with the black generic dummy plug to permit battery powered operation 29 9 DIRECT COMMUNICATION AND COMMANDS c Beta is configured and controlled with commands sent via its serial communication ports When you use HydroSoft the commands needed for routine operation are generated automatically and you do not need to know the details However you can type commands manually and view the c Beta s replies directly via HydroSoft s terminal window or a gen
26. ifferent calibration file for each one The most recently selected file in any window will be saved as the default 6 2 VIEWING AND EDITING CALIBRATION DATA You can see the details of the current calibration by selecting View Calibration from the File Menu Normally you should not need to modify calibration data for an instrument and the fields in the Calibration dialog box are locked to discourage casual changes However you can unlock most fields by clicking on the lock icon in the dialog box Because correct calibration files are critical to the accuracy of your data use care when modifying them To reduce confusion we encourage you to enter a description in the comment field provided of any changes you make To save a copy of the currently loaded calibration select Save Calibration from the File menu 23 6 3 SIGMA CORRECTION Sigma correction is an adjustment to improve the accuracy of backscattering measurements in highly attenuating water Some light that would otherwise be detected as backscattering is lost to attenuation in the water between the instrument and the detection volume causing backscattering to be underestimated We compensate for this applying a correction function o Kw using equations shown in section 12 2 3 K pp 18 the coefficient of attenuation of the water within the sensor s measurement volume For the c Beta HydroSoft estimates K by assuming that Ky p c where the default value for p is 0
27. iles will be processed The processed files will use the same base names as the source files with their extensions set to dat They will be saved in the directory you specify If you wish to save them in the same directory as the raw files from which they are generated you can avoid having to select that directory manually by checking the Same location as raw files option 20 5 11 2 Making Raw Decimal Files The process for making raw decimal files is identical to that described above except that there is no need for a calibration file Controls relating to the calibration file will thus be disabled When you select the Make Raw Decimal Files option an additional Include Housekeeping checkbox will appear allowing you to control whether housekeeping data will be included in the file in addition to the primary optical data 5 12 RAW DATA FILE FORMAT HydroSoft names raw data files with the extension RAW Raw files start with a header like the following Header HydroSoftVersion 2 00 CreationDate 06 17 00 15 03 56 FileType raw DeviceType c Beta DataSource c Beta CalSource d hsoft test files cb990907 cal Serial CB990907 Config 200 EndHeader Future versions of HydroSoft may include additional information between the Header and EndHeader markers In any case everything following the end marker is included in the exact form in which it was received from the c Beta For information on the
28. ing data and about 52 000 samples without housekeeping data see 5 2 5 9 USING THE EXTERNAL SWITCH The external switch signals the sensor when to start and stop data logging When switched on the c Beta will begin collecting data as if the START command were sent to it When switched off it will stop sampling and go to sleep as if the STOP and SLEEP commands were sent RECEIVER LIGHT SOURCE ON N ER No ri NE us SE SY SWITCH SHOWN ON gt 17 By using the magnetic switch one can collect an extended series of casts without connecting to a computer The starting and ending times of each cast are recorded in the log memory so casts can be later downloaded individually or as a group The sensor may be wakened from sleep by the serial port regardless of whether the switch is on or off 5 10 DOWNLOADING LOGGED DATA HydroSoft s Get Data From Instrument command enables you to view a list of casts stored in an instrument s memory transfer casts from the instrument to files on your computer and erase the instrument s memory Casts you transfer are stored in individual files whose location and base name you specify The cast number is appended to the name of each file 5 10 1 Basic Procedure Connect the c Beta to your computer s com port using the supplied data download cable start HydroSoft and use HydroSoft s Connect command to establish communication Select Get Data From Inst
29. its the c Beta s internal operating program and returns to the TFX 11 s prompt If the user should accidentally type this command the c Beta can be restarted by one of two methods 1 In Hydrosoft s Terminal window type control R 2 Remove the communication cable from the instrument and attach the Battery Disable plug for several seconds see section 8 4 After either of these steps it will take the c Beta some time from a few seconds to a worst case of two minutes to completely reset itself and rebuild its directory of logged data 9 6 3 RESET Used only under special circumstances Immediately initializes the c Beta controller to the same condition as if power had been interrupted The firmware will automatically be reloaded from flash memory and started This does not affect the contents of the log memory but does require that the directory be rebuilt 9 6 4 STATS n Collects n samples at the current rate then displays the average and standard deviation of beta and transmission 36 10 TROUBLESHOOTING If your c Beta does not respond to its external switch and HydroSoft is unable to wake and detect it you may need to reset its microprocessor In most cases this will not affect the data stored in its memory 1 2 3 4 Connect the battery charger or another external power source Check that the c Beta is properly connected to the computer Select the Reset command from HydroSoft s Instrument or c
30. k on it to highlight it or click the Select All button 22 Click the Browse button to select a directory in which to save downloaded data files In the resulting dialog box select a directory and click the Select button 23 If it is not already checked check the Create calibrated data dat files option 24 Click the Download button to begin transferring data casts Note that when this process begins the c Beta s LEDs will go off DISCONNECTING 25 After you are finished communicating with c Beta select Disconnect from the c Beta menu When asked Put c Beta to sleep before disconnecting click Yes 26 Unplug the battery charger from AC power 27 Unplug the cable from c Beta s underwater connector SWITCH ACTIVATED LOGGING 28 To start a cast when c Beta is asleep and disconnected from the computer move the magnetic switch to the on position see Figure 1 on page 2 29 To end a cast return the magnetic switch to the off position 3 PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE 31 PRECAUTIONS Protect the windows Cover the instrument face whenever possible Do not use acetone to clean any part of the sensor especially the windows Thoroughly clean the sensor especially the pressure port with fresh water after use Be especially sure to clean and dry the instrument before long periods of storage Avoid letting the sensor sit in direct sun If the water temperature is very different from the temperature on
31. loading Logged Data nica aia 18 5 101 Basie Protein e ERA EE tea BI ni 18 EN AED c AA EE OE EE OE OE AR EE NE 19 5 11 Processing Downloaded Data scsesssoeeoneussosnesneussosnusnesssnnnusnesssnesssnesnunennennse 19 9 1 1 Making Calibrated Data Files sank 20 S TA Making Raw Decimal Files noon Eu 21 5 12 Raw Data File Format aa aa 21 5 13 Calibrated Data File Format nn Age ees bede ee gee de ek ge eg 21 6 CALIBRATION DATA is eek sere be AS AAA ASA n tau a 23 6 1 Loading Calibrations add 23 6 2 Viewing And Editing Calibration Data sesse see se Ge ee Be Ge Ee Be Gee ee Gee se 23 6 3 Sigma A sn 24 6 4 Conver ne Dto Di ese REG een 24 7 POWER AND DATA CONNECTIONS uese sesse se se se sesse se sesse se Be se Se ee eg ge Be tata gee ees 25 8 INTERNAL BATTERY sesse vs oo deken ds oues ee keuse Sn sede besede oe gee dee Gede ed oek ed de 27 Deke Battery Capacity nen acta 27 8 2 Battery Voltage and State of Charge sesse se ees Be Ge Ee Be Ge Ee Be Reese ee 27 B3 harsings EG nidi ite AD Ge Re ED dosi SE ee Ee 28 8 4 Battery Disable nennen ai ee 28 9 DIRECT COMMUNICATION AND COMMANDS ese se sesse se sesse se se se oge see gee se se oe 31 9 1 Communication Protocol ie 20 31 92 o A ihnen Ge eo Ee nd eke 31 1377 Command Replies asian 31 94 Routine Commands oon Ne ra re RE eg dee Ge ge Soe Rd ed Gas seed 32 FA To SENTER EET 32 DAA DURSTUS co aaa 32 DAS BURSILENCI o
32. n 34 selection The reply to gain indicates both the current setting and whether autogain is turned on 9 5 3 HEADER Displays the names of the data columns produced during sampling time beta gain trans press templ battV LEDdrv Bbgnd Tbgnd M BTemp LEDTemp chg See sections 5 1 and 5 2 for a description of the parameters 9 5 4 LOGHOUSE on Sets whether housekeeping data are stored during logging An on value of 1 activates logging of housekeeping data 0 turns it off Housekeeping data are instrument parameters that are not used to produce the primary data but may be useful for evaluating data quality and troubleshooting If housekeeping logging is turned on one housekeeping packet is saved for each 10 primary data packets See section 5 2 for a description of the housekeeping data 9 5 5 PURE secs PURE is used to record a pure water calibration value for c Note however that special software is required to process the resulting data and the command is not likely to be useful for most users The instrument will measure the raw transmission for the number of seconds specified by secs and compute the average value It will then display the average value and ask the user whether to save it If the user replies by typing Y the time average value and instrument temperature will be recorded in the log memory This makes it convenient to record field calibrations as part of the data stream PURE can not b
33. n option Before logging you may wish to download and clear data from c Beta s memory see section 5 10 16 5 6 SETTING C BETA S REAL TIME CLOCK Although it is not necessary for the sensor s operation you may wish to set the real time clock before logging Select Set Date Time from the c Beta menu Click Set Time to synchronize the c Beta clock with your computer s clock If you wish to set the clock to a different time reference select the Set Manually option and enter the correct date and time before clicking Set Time It takes several seconds for HydroSoft to set the clock and reconfirm the setting When it is finished click the Close button to close the dialog box 5 7 LOGGING VERSUS REAL TIME DATA Whenever collecting data in response to a Start command from HydroSoft or from its magnetic switch c Beta simultaneously transmits them from its serial port The STARTNOLOG command section 9 4 15 can be used to start real time collection without internal logging In HydroSoft this command must be typed into the terminal window Data can also be collected on demand without internal logging by sending a carriage return or linefeed character each time a sample is required See also section 9 4 1 5 8 LOG MEMORY CAPACITY c Beta data are logged in a nonvolatile flash memory with a capacity of about 475 000 bytes the exact memory size may vary from sensor to sensor This corresponds to 47 500 samples including housekeep
34. ndas 32 94 4 BURSTEYELE peri d e WE Een 32 94 CIB A RT O EEN A 32 940 DATAFORMAT forma nur 32 QA c as Ss ias 32 DAS DOWNLOADE I 33 SU In E E E NE mutuos ca beet d hp 33 FASO PERIOD PHOT cken 33 JA eN d ante 33 94 12 SLEEP TARO as Rack 33 iv 94 T3 EA A 33 9414 STARTDELA Y SD Sa R 34 94 15 STAR NOON vel cages o een seen ee tans 34 TAO ie a EE 34 24 12 SIORBEORMAT esse ER 34 9 4 18 TIME mm dd vyyy DIE SS ana eher 34 9 4 19 AMODEM CS a 34 98 Additional Cominands epi eate RN EC EU o Td RD 34 VAL BAUD eS 34 gui GAIN SR EO IE ER een EA ORs 34 99 9 ele ME RE EO OE TE RE OE EE o beu optet 35 9 5 4 EOGHOUSE P RR DE N io AS 35 99 9 FURE SECS es een N EL N EEN 39 25 6 SSLEEPINFO N SO A OR En 35 Ao POWER DEREN EEE ete bre zebra ee 35 95 8 VER BOSE On aa EE eri e RR UR Gp attuli cet ors a to Rad 35 93 9 VER adas 36 9 6 Special Purpose Commands nione cenis eis tas 36 Sod BUILDDIR ea a ek DM se i n REA RE NONEM TR RR ERES 36 902 OUT S pese espere eta bte AN 36 90 92 RES T errbixeger 36 3 04 A eos 36 192 TROUBLESHOOTING uni 37 11 RAW DATA EORMATS 2 000 nee a ego Fees Re dep eg ti Rod 39 IBI De imal EE N Aa 39 11 2 HexadecimaL oett Gent Bee Reese gee ETE RIA ee 39 MAL Primary Data Packet a a Rn 39 11 22 Housekeeping Data Packet sn ae an toten pete vor bet eek rugs 40 12 CALIBRATION REFERENCE nannten 43 12 1 Calibration data file formal eier un einen
35. nector for the battery charger and a pigtail for an external DC supply 25 8 INTERNAL BATTERY 8 1 BATTERY CAPACITY The capacity of the battery depends on the temperature at which it is charged stored and discharged Capacity is improved by charging and storage at temperatures of 20 C or less On the other hand low temperatures during discharge lower the realized capacity Peak capacity for a battery charged and discharged at room temperature is 36 hours of continuous operation When discharged at 0 C the same charge provides at least 24 hours of operation In response to the external switch being turned off a software command full memory or a low battery condition c Beta enters a low power sleep state during which their current drain is reduced to about 1 mA In this state fully charged batteries will last about 2 months Capacity decreases slowly as the battery ages The capacity loss depends greatly on charging conditions but is typically less than 10 after 200 charge discharge cycles and 20 after 500 cycles 8 2 BATTERY VOLTAGE AND STATE OF CHARGE HydroSoft displays the current supply voltage whenever a c Beta is connected and logging If a c Beta is connected but not logging you can prompt an update of the current voltage reading by pressing the enter key while HydroSoft s terminal window is active select Show Terminal from the c Beta menu then press the enter key The indicated voltage is the higher of the intern
36. nsnnsnnsnsnsnnsnssnsnsnnsnssnsnns 6 dd DISCO T T TEN 6 25 Switch Activated Logeine u a 6 3 PRECAUTIONS AND MAINTENANCE ssenssssessensnesesnsnssssesssnsnsnssnsnssssesssnensnssnsnsnssesese 7 3 A TNA 7 32 General CIeanme xu ia ido iaa 7 Ss Beta OPDHEE ae A tedio ena oria coe ditare De ponies 7 Sd Attenuation ODLUCE ev een ama dap avide ai 7 3 5 Pressure Transducer AA O 8 30 EO ELA TETT a ee Ee eg ee hy 8 34 Mounting and Deployment sanieren 8 4 HYDROSOFT SOP DWAR ES Antenne an iin see ie dees vee ed ie 11 LL Installing HydtoSoft iii 11 42 Remoyins EIydroSOfE iii rh pira Erie adea UR A A 11 5 COLLECTING AND HANDLING DATA sesse osssesesee be gegee ogsgssesee gese sk se osa e gee gese 13 Bale Priory Data esse N EG ee a M pdt een 13 Bde Housekeepins Dates sis ese liada 13 5 3 Calibration and Processing Setup ssiscseosssescsnssnsussssnndeensnuinesntn gede GER en Eg se AR epar ad 14 5 4 Connecting c Beta soe Re Oe N EE ee ee ee ea Us ai 0s ee 14 84 1 Connection Dialog BOX io einst ed SR PEE o loas 14 S42 Manual Connect rasa 15 54 3 Search COn OOO 15 5 4 4 Load Calibration From Instrument Option ris sesse spes eel sesse asta besk eek beige 15 55 a EG e RI 15 5 6 Setting c Beta s Real Time Clock eere Ge eee SE GEGEE EDE Ge Ge EG ee 17 5 7 Logging Versus Real Time Data uni a 17 5 8 Log Memory Capacity naar 17 iii 5 9 Using The External S within 2 Rear 17 5 10 Down
37. o sample with periods of 0 2 or less see section 5 2 Housekeeping Data 9 4 11 RATE rate Sets the sampling rate in Hz The rate may range from 0 1 to 10 Hz This may also be set in terms of time rather than frequency with the PERIOD command If you intend to sample at rates of 5 or higher see section 5 2 Housekeeping Data 9 4 12 SLEEP duration Puts the sensor into low power sleep mode If no duration is specified the sensor will sleep until wakened by either serial communication or the magnetic switch Switching off the magnetic switch automatically executes the SLEEP command 9 4 13 START startDelay Starts a cast with the first sample being logged after startDelay seconds If no delay is specified the last entered delay is used This parameter can also be set with the STARTDELAY command After the delay sampling proceeds in accordance with the RATE PERIOD and BURST parameters If analog power is off see section 9 5 7 it will turn on immediately upon receipt of START Waking the sensor with the external switch automatically executes the START command 33 9 4 14 STARTDELAY startDelay Sets and displays the default delay used by the START command or when logging is initiated by the external switch This setting is overridden if a delay is later specified with the START command 9 4 15 STARTNOLOG Starts sampling in accordance with the PERIOD and BURST settings but without logging the results to memory 9 4 16 ST
38. oft transmits then confirms the new settings This confirmation is important because it allows you to check that the settings were entered as you intended The c Beta may reject settings it cannot support for example burst lengths that are longer than the burst interval Sample Rate and Sample Period by definition have an inverse relationship Changes you make to one will automatically affect the other Note however that the period which has a resolution of 0 01 second is the controlling parameter Therefore some exact sample rates are not available For example if you enter a rate of 3 per second the calculated period will be rounded to 0 33 s and the rate will be set to 3 03 per second When logging is started either by software command or by turning on the external switch the c Beta will wait for the number of seconds specified by Start Delay then data will be logged according to the given Sample Period If burst mode is on the sampling continues until the Burst Length has elapsed at which time the sensor goes into its low power sleep state The bursts repeat according to the period set by Burst Interval Whether or not burst mode is on sampling stops upon receipt of a software stop command when the external switch is turned off or when the battery becomes exhausted In the example above the burst mode parameters are inactive because burst mode is not on To edit the burst mode parameters you must first check the Burst Mode O
39. ormat of data packets to either decimal or hexadecimal The argument format may be a letter H or numeral 1 for hexadecimal D or zero for decimal If a letter argument is used it must be separated from the command by a comma To set the default data format used when the sensor is reset use STOREFORMAT section 9 4 17 9 4 7 DIR Displays a directory of casts in log memory in the following format Cast Start time Duration Samples 1 03 31 1999 18 39 48 6 secs 5 2 03 31 1999 18 43 48 25 mins 4305 32 3 03 31 1999 19 30 48 5 secs 5 94 8 DOWNLOAD cast Starts download of the data in cast If no cast is specified downloads all casts in seguence At the beginning of each cast also sends the starting time of the cast and a header see the HEADER command containing column names for the data Note that the analog power of the sensor turns off during download to conserve power and prevent the background sampling process from slowing the download The power automatically turns back on if a cast is started with the switch or START command Itcan also be restored with the POWER command 9 4 9 ID Displays the serial number used to uniquely identify each sensor 9 4 10 PERIOD period Sets the sampling period in seconds The period may range from 0 1 to 10 seconds with 0 01 s resolution This may also be set in terms of a frequency with the RATE command Also see section 5 3 for more information about logging parameters If you intend t
40. presently used You can select arbitrary groups of casts for downloading To select a contiguous group of casts click on the first item in the group then shift click on the last item or hold down the shift key while using the arrow keys To select or unselect non contiguous casts control click on them or hold down the control key while using the arrow keys to move through the directory and press the space bar to select or unselect casts Data are always collected in raw form If the Create calibrated data dat files option is checked a calibrated file will also be created for each downloaded cast The calibration currently in effect for the main data window will be applied to these data see section 6 for more information about calibrations Because of the way c Beta s memory is configured it is not possible to delete individual casts you can only erase the instrument s entire memory 5 11 PROCESSING DOWNLOADED DATA While HydroSoft allows you to save calibrated data automatically at the time you collect or download data from a c Beta you can also process raw data files using HydroSoft s Process Raw Files command This command also allows you to convert raw hexadecimal data from a c Beta to decimal form see section 11 1 without calibrating them When you select Process Raw Files the following dialog box appears 19 Process Raw Data Files E Processing Make Calibrated Files C Make Raw Decimal Files Calibration File
41. r which the measurement is made The c Beta geometry results in a measurement centered on a scattering angle of 140 The fraction of the transmitted light scattered in the desired range of angles is extremely small and one of the prime considerations in the optical design is maximizing this inherently low throughput Thus we maintain a 2 cm open aperture throughout the optical path 1 3 ATTENUATION OPTICS The c side LED of c Beta is a folded path beam transmissometer A well collimated 5 mm diameter beam of light travels through the water to a solid glass retro reflector mounted on a rigid standoff The retroreflector displaces the beam and reflects it back to the instrument s main housing The round trip distance between the sensor face and the retro reflector is the path length of the measurement nominally 30 cm other path lengths optional Any light scattered out of the beam over that path length contributes to the measured attenuation Backscattering source LED Magnetic Switch shown in ON position MCBH8M Connector N Backscattering receiver Figure 1 Front View of Backscattering Beta Endcap 16 02 407mm _ AVOID OBJECTS WITHIN 30 CONE N y LIGHT BEAM e EE ie E TE ENS on amp NH K SE L VOLUME OF MAXIMUM SENSITIVITY Attenuation Measurement
42. reset for example by having its battery disabled the time value will be reset to zero and advance from there The first 8 hexadecimal digits show the whole number of seconds while the last 2 show the fractional part of the time in hundredths The fractional time never exceeds 99 63 hex The next value Beta is the raw backscattering signal presented as a 16 bit signed integer This is followed by a value between 1 and 5 that indicates the gain setting that applies to the beta value c Beta adjusts the gain automatically according to the scattering values measured and ambient light conditions Transmission is a 24 bit signed integer indicating the raw transmission of the a optical path Calibrated values are calculated as documented elsewhere Pressure is a signed 16 bit integer The depth in meters is calculated by depth m Pressure depthOffset depthCoefficient The values of depthCoefficient and depthOffset are specified in the calibration file provided with each instrument TempRaw indicates the c Beta s internal temperature The actual temperature is calculated by Temp C TempRaw 10 10 TempRaw is an unsigned 9 bit number with a range of 0 to 511 giving the calibrated temperature a range of 10 to 41 1 C Checksum is the least significant byte of the sum of all the ASCII bytes preceding the checksum in the packet not including the packet flag This packet and all other transmissions are terminated with a
43. ro or absent for c Beta gt Chi2 0 lt always zero or absent for c Beta gt Chi3 0 lt always zero or absent for c Beta gt aPure 0 0447 TempCoeff0 99678 BetaPure 0 0001735 lt not used for c Beta gt lt not used in later HydroSoft versions gt TempCoeff1 58 63664 TempCoeff2 3 1768 TempCoeff3 0 TempCoeff4 0 TempCoeff5 0 KDepthCoeff0 0 KDepthThreshold 0 K 1 DepthCoeff1 0 End lt usually zero gt lt usually zero gt lt usually zero gt 12 2 CALIBRATION EQUATIONS 12 2 1 Depth D k Pa P D P Es Kp 12 2 2 Volume Scattering Depth meters Raw pressure reading from instrument Raw pressure offset at atmospheric pressure DepthOff in cal file DepthCal in cal file MS a Sog Pao S raw I kr 7 E Tui NG Raw backscatter value 44 Backscatter dark offset for gain g from cal file Mu from cal file TempCoeff from cal file Current temperature from instrument Temperature at calibration from cal file G Gain ratio for gain Gain1 through Gain in cal file 12 2 3 Scattering Sigma Correction Piso Bisou c K OK k explk K K bb PC Attenuation coefficient see c below P Beam attenuation to K pp conversion factor exp Coefficient characteristic of the individual instrument stored in the cal file k Sigmal and SigmaExp from cal file In HydroSoft ver
44. rument on the c Beta menu A dialog box like the following will appear AE E Memory Status K o Load Directory Delete Al 1 10 11 2000 00 56 30 18 secs 5 10 24 2000 17 29 30 rer m 3 10 26 2000 13 08 42 1 3 hours 46521 Select All Use Shift click to select groups of casts Ctri click to select or deselect individual casts Base File Name q HSoft Test Files Browse Iv Create calibrated data dat files raw files are always stored Tum After the directory is loaded select the cast or casts you wish to retrieve 18 Enter a base file name for the downloaded files The cast number will be appended to this base name to create a unique name for each cast you download If necessary click Browse and select a destination directory for the downloaded files Click Download Depending on the quantity of data and baud rate downloading may take some time Status messages and a graphical indicator will show the download progress To clear the instrument s memory after verifying the desired casts were downloaded click Delete All Click Close to dismiss the dialog box 5 10 2 Details Depending on the number of casts stored loading the directory may take a number of seconds The status message in the upper left corner indicates if the directory is loaded as above or if it is in the process of loading The memory status line indicates how much of the instrument s memory is
45. sions 2 7 and higher k1 is calculated HydroSoft versions 2 5 and earlier used a second order polynomial formulation using coefficients Sigmal Sigma2 and Sigma3 for the sigma function Sigma2 and Sigma3 may still be included in the cal file but are no longer used 12 2 4 Backscattering Coefficient b 27 pr Bas Pro by Xbb Stored as ChiBb in cal file May be overridden by a value entered in HydroSoft Duos Volume scattering of pure water at 140 degrees as entered in the Backscattering Parameters dialog box see the HydroSoft Manual w Backscattering coefficient of pure water as entered in the Backscattering Parameters dialog box see the HydroSoft Manual In HydroSoft prior to version 2 53 the following was used 45 b 27X 5 Dao 12 2 5 Attenuation Tr raw Tr UD Ta T T SAT n 0 Tr Temperature compensated transmission T P P Ti m Raw transmission value from instrument T Temperature from instrument in degrees C P 8 T Temperature at which Tria was measured CalTemp cal P from Attenuation section of the cal file k TempCoeff1 through TempCoef 6 ko TempCoeff1 from cal file Ir pure Tr 0 I c In SACs Tr Tr l C Beam attenuation coefficient m Ti Y Raw transmission reading with transmission path blocked TrNought from cal file Ti F pure Temperature compensated transmission in pure water l Path length m Path in cal file Ac Pre
46. ssure induced change in apparent c not present P 8 PP P on most instruments if P lt Px AK k c PP P K 0 if P gt Px 46 k K KP P pl po 0 AK k E cu FS K k po Initial slope of apparent K versus raw pressure change KDepthCoeff in cal file P Raw pressure reading from instrument Raw pressure offset at atmospheric pressure DepthOff in cal file Pk Raw pressure reading above which the slope changes from kpo to kri DepthThreshold in cal file k pl Slope of apparent K versus raw pressure when pressure exceeds PK KDepthCoeffl in cal file 47 13 CUSTOMER SERVICE If your c Beta needs to be returned to HOBI Labs for repair maintenance or calibration contact HOBI Labs customer service service Ohobilabs com or call the main office with the following information at hand Instrument Serial Number Reason for return Method of return Federal Express United Parcel Service etc Point of contact Date needed standard turnaround is three to four weeks Delivery address HOBI Labs will notify you of estimated cost and turnaround time as soon as possible after receiving the instrument Repairs will not be started until you approve the cost estimate and turnaround time For technical support or questions about your instrument contact our technical support department at support hobilabs com or call our main office 49
47. t HydroSoft sets the sensors to hexadecimal format by default The format is set by the DATAFORMAT command section 9 4 6 11 1 DECIMAL Decimal data whether downloaded from memory or produced in real time arrive in the following format See section 5 and the following sections for descriptions of these parameters time raw scattering gain raw transmission raw pressure temperaturel battery voltage LED drive current scattering receiver background transmission receiver background temperature2 temperature3 charging current 11 2 HEXADECIMAL Two types of hexadecimal data packets are defined one for primary data and one for housekeeping 11 2 1 Primary Data Packet Example C251A748C29FFFB1FFFA24001015D7C lt CR gt lt LF gt Parameter Type ASCII ASCII Example Bytes Packet Flag Po 1 PacketID__ ar C 1 cC Time secs signed HHHHHHHH 8 251A748C Time 0 01 unsigned HH 2 29 secs Beta FFFB Beta gain 1 Transmission signed HHHHHH 6 FFFA24 Pressure 0010 TempRaw 15D Checksum HH 2 Terminator lt CR gt lt LF gt 2 TOTAL Each data packet begins with an asterisk character Other transmissions for example replies to commands may begin with other characters The packet type is identified by a C in the next position 39 The time value is in seconds since Midnight January 1 1980 assuming the c Beta s real time clock has been set correctly When c Beta is
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