hepc3 Linux Driver Manual
Contents
1. 4 1 Iseek This operation is not implemented and does not make sense It always returns ESPIPE upon call 4 2 read and write These calls work as expected but with the following exceptions e due to the fact that all communication to and from the dsp board has to be organised in 4 byte words the size t count parameter has to be a multiple of four otherwise the functions returns EINVAL e in blocking io mode the driver guarantees that all data is transferred in a single call the functions return either an error or count in this case In non blocking mode the behaviour is the expected one 4 3 select and poll These calls work as expected Note poll is implemented only for Linux 2 2 x and above 4 4 ioctl Note To use ioctl calls for the hepc3 module you need to include the file hepc3 h The following ioctl s are provided a third argument has to be supplied only if indicated HEPC3 IO B RES resets the whole board and any hardware conntected to the RESET output of the board by asserting the reset line so use this function with due care Unless hepc3 secure see section 3 1 1 page 4 has been set to zero the calling process must have superuser privileges for this operation Otherwise EPERM is returned Note This operation is performed automatically during the installation of the driver HEPC3_IO_P_RES resets the port connected with device handle d HEPC3_I0_G_ISTAT ioctl has to be called with a int as third ar2. POSE THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING REPAIR OR CORRECTION 12 IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES INCLUDING ANY GENERAL SPECIAL INCI DENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABIL ITY TO USE THE PROGRAM INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN AD VISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms To do so attach the following notices to the program It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty and each file should have at least the copyright line and a pointer to where the full notice is found one line to give the program s name and a brief idea of what it does Copyright
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4. and interrupts than those the kernel uses this was a problem on the PowerPC Therefore this data is read from the kernel structure which is always correct and safer anyway You should however note that this code is used only for Linux 2 2 I do not have a working 2 0 version on a Power Macintosh Please mail me your experiences good or bad A License GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2 June 1991 Copyright 1989 1991 Free Software Foundation Inc 675 Mass Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document but changing it is not allowed Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it By contrast the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software to make sure the software is free for all its users This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation s software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead You can apply it to your programs too When we speak of free software we are referring to freedom not price Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software and charge for this service if you wish that you receive source code or can ge
5. in the last line the device major number which the kernel has assigned automatically if you did not pass a hepc3 major argument You will need this number for the creation of the device files see section 3 2 page 6 Additional information can be obtained from the proc file entry see section 3 3 page 6 To remove the module from the kernel as usual type as root rmmod hepc3 The advantage of this method is the finer control over the module s options The disadvantage however is that you must be root to do this Therefore most people will prefer the automatic insertion as described in the next section 3 1 8 Automagic insertion and removal The kernel runs a special process the kernel daemon which can perform the actions described in the last section automagically Each time a process wants to access a device file the kernel checks whether it can support a device with the corresponding major number If not it asks the kernel daemon to find and insert the driver A short time after the last process which used the driver terminated the kernel daemon will remove the module Everything is absolutely transparent for the user The kernel daemon needs the following setup to do its job e the module file hepc3 o must be in the directory 1ib modules version misc This is done automatically if you used make install during the installation e the file etc conf modules or etc modules conf must contain information which link
6. is provided WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PAR TICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License which can be found in appendix A of this document page 9 ff for details Please report bugs or suggestions to ad mpifr bonn mpg de or send mail to Albrecht Dref Max Planck Institut f r Radioastronomie Box 2024 D 53010 Bonn Germany 2 Installation of the driver 2 1 Prerequisites To install the driver you will need e the file hepc3 1 1 0 tar gz which is available from UNC s metalab archive formerly known as sunsite in the directory http metalab unc edu pub Linux kernel misc cards and its mirrors New versions of the driver will follow this naming scheme e a Linux system with kernel version 2 0 x or 2 2 x Late 2 1 x and early 2 3 x development kernels may also work but this is not tested as well as using it with 2 4 x kernels Please note that the driver has only been tested with Linux Intel and LinuxPPC Other Linux PCI platforms e g Alpha should also work Please mail me your experiences e module support in the kernel the kernel header files the gcc and the module utilities insmod and friends e proc filesystem support is highly recommended but not necessary 2 2 A step by step guide For easy installation use the following steps e unpack the archive file tar xzvf hepc3 1 1 0 tar gz e enter the directory hepc3 1 1 0 and run the conf
7. 19yy name of author This program is free software you can redistribute it and or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE See the GNU General Public License for more details 13 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program if not write to the Free Software Foundation Inc 675 Mass Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail If the program is interactive make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode Gnomovision version 69 Copyright 19yy name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSO LUTELY NO WARRANTY for details type show w This is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions type show c for details The hypothetical commands show w and show c should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License Of course the commands you use may be called something other than show w and show c they could even be mouse clicks or menu items whatever suits your program You should also get your employer if you w
8. ad layout of the cpu device Another problem arises on motherboards with Intel s 440 chipsets PCI Bus Master DMA works in principle but sometimes some words contain invalid data The reason for this problem is a bad interaction between the 440 bridge and the AMCC 5933 which serves as PCI chip on the Hunt cards if the CPU goes to sleep mode During idle times Linux issues a hlt instruction to the cpu which will then sleep until the next interrupt occurs This has been good practice since the days of the PDP11 it reduces the power consumption of the cpu and increases its lifetime You may notice that the 5933 Intel 440 DMA combination will actually work with Winbloze For no good reason Winbloze does loop during idle times keeping the cpu pretty hot but this time it prevents errors with DMA You should however remember that some day Microsnot might tell you that their clever design engineers invented a new method to save power during cpu idle times Then you will have a problem 5 2 PowerPC The module was tested with LinuxPPC Release 5 based upon a 2 2 6 kernel on a Power Macintosh 7300 166 and worked without any problems both with and without PCI Bus Master DMA As the PowerPC is a big endian machine byte swapping is enabled by default see section 4 4 page 7 above Apart form the byte swapping code which might also be useful on other platforms the driver does not contain any PowerPC specific stuff Therefore
9. ance the balance of the section is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any such claims this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distribution system which is implemented by public license practices Many people have made generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system it is up to the author donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot impose that choice This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License If the distribution and or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding those countries so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries not thus excluded In such case this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and or new versions of the General Public License from time to time Such new versions will be simi
10. ards 1 board s device major number is 62 driver version 1 1 0 port A uses DMA io port B interrupt driven io hepc30 Rev 0 IRQ 11 IO at 0x1280 Ox12cO 0x1300 0x1340 0x1400 A active 0x1 buffered i o 0 0 byte swap disabled B passive 0x4d buffered i o 0 0 byte swap enabled Apart from the general information number of boards device major number port A uses DMA or interrupt driven io the following data is listed for each board e interrupt line and io addresses This data is important only for debugging purposes t will be a little bit more formatted on your terminal Board Minor Number Device File Name Ist port A 0 hepc30_a port B 1 hepc30_b 2nd port A 4 hepc31 a port B 5 hepc31 b 3rd port A 8 hepc32 a port B 9 hepc32 b n port A 4 n 1 hepc3 n 1 a port B 4 n 1 4 1 hepc3 n 1 _b Table 1 device numbering and naming scheme e whether a process uses a port active or not passive the current port control flags the number of bufferd input and output 4 byte words and the byte swapping scheme If the module was configured with the with verbose errors option see section 2 2 page 3 some additional information about the state of the AMCC 5933 internal registers is printed 4 Accessing comports from user programs User programs communicate to a comport on a HEPC3 HEPC4 or HECPCII through simple file io operations
11. b S 8 Dee Power Ge ouch ie eges HARRY ee 8 5 3 Other platforms and porting guide 4 66s 4 a a maa eeees ia dada 9 A License 9 1 Introduction The Linux kernel module hepc3 is a character device driver which enables the kernel to support up to eight of Hunt Engineering s HEPC3 HEPC4 standard PCI or HECPCI1 CompactPCI TIM40 DSP motherboards The hardware specifications for these boards can be obtaind from the following web addresses HEPC3 http www hunteng co uk products c4x hepc3 htm HEPCA http www hunteng co uk products c4x hepc4 htm HECPCI1 http www hunteng co uk products c4x hecpcil htm The driver supports both comports A and B For comport A the boards can act as PCI Bus Masters which increases the data transfer rate and reduces the cpu load Comport B uses an interrupt driven mode which is also selectable for port A The JTAG port is not supported and as I do not have the necessary hard and software it is not likely that I will add it in the future The driver and all accompanying documentation is Copyright Albrecht Dre 1999 2001 It is free software and you are welcome to redistribute it unter the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation either version 2 of the License or at your option any later version The driver is distributed in the hope that it will be useful and work with your system s configura tion Due to the fact that the driver is free it
12. control compilation and installation of the executable However as a special exception the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed in either source or binary form with the major components compiler kernel and so on of the operating system on which the executable runs unless that component itself accompanies the executable If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a des ignated place then offering equivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code even though third parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code 11 You may not copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License Any attempt otherwise to copy modify sublicense or distribute the Program is void and will automatically terminate your rights under this License However parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance You are not required to accept this License since you have not signed it However nothing else grants you permission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works These actions are prohibited by law if you do not accept this License Therefore by modifying or distributing the Program or any work based on the Program yo
13. gument It is filled with the minimum number of 4 byte words which can be read from the device handle d HEPC3_I0_G_OSTAT ioctl has to be called with a int as third argument It is filled with the minimum number of 4 byte words which can be written to the device handle d HEPC3_I0_G_CNFG ioctl has to be called with a int as third argument It is filled with the status of the config line of device handle d HEPC3_I0_S_SWAP ioctl has to be called with a int as third argument If it points to a value Z 0 internal byte swapping in the data path is enabled for the port connected with device handle d otherwise it is disabled On a big endian machine like the Apple PowerMac byte swapping is enabled by default on little endian machines like ix86 it is not HEPC3 IO G SWAP ioctl has to be called with a int as third argument It is filled with the current internal byte swap setting for the port connected with device handle d see HEPC3 I0 S SWAP above 4 5 open and close These calls work as expected Both blocking and non blocking io are supported The file name to be used for the open call is the device name see section 3 2 page 6 5 Platform specific remarks 5 1 Intel The hepc3 module works with Linux versions 2 0 x and 2 2 x It supports PCI Bus Master DMA but during the tests a HECPCI1 CompactPCI card failed with hard kernel lockups on a CC5 industrial pc made by or SBS industrial computers The reason for this is a b
14. hepc3 Version 1 1 0 User s Manual Dr Albrecht Dref Max Planck Institut f r Radioastronomie Abteilung f r Infrarot Interferometrie Auf dem H gel 69 D 53121 Bonn GERMANY 30th January 2001 Abstract The Linux kernel module hepc3 provides simple access to the comports A and B of Hunt Engineering s HEPC3 HEPC4 and HECPCI1 TIM40 DSP motherboards PCI Bus Master DMA accesses are supported but the JTAG port is not available Contents 1 Introduction 2 Installation of the driver 21 Pree iOS zr hole xod Forge ood goes eX ow meer OEE RAGE di Reste 2 2 A step by step guide o sss RR ERREUR E xS 3 Using the driver 9 1 Insertion into the kernel a a aoe roe sss RR e EU eon amp LI Common options s sriti s dd anakana EES eee es 3 1 2 Manual insertion and removal 2e 3 1 3 Automagic insertion and removal llle 3 2 Creating device files s e q eaved oam aa RR ee Ree tom otn 3 9 Headiugstatusinfonmati h 2 224 499 9 ae RR E Wow y VOS E Mail ad mpifr bonn mpg de 29 oO O0 c ct B BP 4 Accessing comports from user programs 7 AT boek 12694 x ee ee o3 REO ee eee ee eee ee ee ea ee 7 Ag Bead ond write eosa sos wow xo ara om Bee we a a ae ee hk 4 4 4 m m 7 43 select and poll lt ccs s gne mE 48 Reb G3 R39 X PES s 7 OA M oo be haw DUCIT 7 AD Oper aiid CSG nonse woo ge EO OH Se RENE eee he ED 9 3 8 5 Platform specific remarks 8 Ol MOG OS X2 Wo we bee X oue ere IEIR eee RE NS ga
15. iguration script It will check your system s setup and create a makefile The script accepts several options to get a description type configure help There are only two options which are important for this module with verbose errors yes no Setting this option will enforce the driver to complain about several internal errors This is needed for debugging purposes and there is no reason why you should enable it The default is no with pci busmaster yes no Port A of the HEPC3 HEPCA HECPCII supports a PCI Bus Master DMA mode which will transfer data fast with much less cpu intervention The default is yes but there are several reasons why you do not want this feature At least one board will be plugged into a slot which does not support PCI Bus Mastering or PCI Bus Mastering is broken on your machine Consult your moth erboard s manual for details As cpu overhead would remove the advantages it is not possible to mix several boards in one system with different settings for port A x PCI Bus Master DMA does not work on ix86 systems with Intel 440 chipsets See section 5 1 page 8 configure tries to detect these chipsets and disables PCI Bus Master Mode but if you know your motherboard uses an Intel 440 chipset you should say no here To configure hepc3 type configure lt options gt The configure script prints a lot of status information on the screen If everything was successful just type e make t
16. lar in spirit to the present version but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns Each version is given a distinguishing version number If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and any later version you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation If the Program does not specify a version number of this License you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation 12 10 If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different write to the author to ask for permission For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation write to the Free Software Foundation we sometimes make exceptions for this Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally NO WARRANTY 11 BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE THERE IS NO WAR RANTY FOR THE PROGRAM TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PUR
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18. o compile the module If make was successful type make install to install the compiled module and the header file to standard directories and make install man to copy the man page Before you can use the module you have to insert it into the running kernel and create the corre sponding device files As you can use different approaches for this this information is contained in the next section 3 Using the driver 3 1 Insertion into the kernel 3 1 1 Common options The module recognises several options for both manual and automatic insertion hepc3_major m sets the device s major number to m Devices are identified by the kernel through their major numbers A lot of them are pre defined and those currently supported can be found in proc devices in the section Character devices If you omit this option the kernel will choose an appropriate number usually at the upper end of the 0 255 range for you but you might end up with a different number each time you insert the module With this option you can avoid this but you should choose the number carefully The range from 60 to 63 should be safe hepc3 buf size s sets the sizes of the internal input and output buffers to s 4 byte words each As a rule of thumb a larger buffer increases transfer speed if big chunks of data have to be transferred but as kernel memory can not be swapped the space for user programs decreases For optimal memory usage s should be a power of 2 for Linu
19. onstitute a work based on the Program independent of having been made by running the Program Whether that is true depends on what the Program does 1 You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program s source code as you receive it in any medium provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee 2 You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it thus forming a work based on the Program and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above provided that you also meet all of these conditions a You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change b You must cause any work that you distribute or publish that in whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any part thereof to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License 10 c If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run you must cause it when started running for
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21. s the device s major number to the module file and you must specify any options which should be passed to the module Assuming you use the device major number 62 see section 3 2 page 6 below the entries in the file should look like this alias char major 62 hepc3 options hepc3 hepc3 major 62 To check the success of the kernel daemon you may use dmesg or look into the proc file see section 3 3 page 6 3 2 Creating device files The linux kernel identifies drivers the major numbers of the device files The minor numbers are used to identify the specific ports on each board To create the device files enter as root for each comport of every board mknod dev lt name gt c lt major gt lt minor gt Although you might use any name you like the suggested scheme is listed in table 1 whereas the minor numbers must be the listed ones The major number is of course the one which you either defined for the module or got from the kernel see sections 3 1 2 and 3 1 3 above Check the access flags of the device files if you want to grant access to them for other users you usually will have to change them using chmod 3 3 Reading status information If you have support for the proc filesystem compiled into your kernel you cat get some more specific information about the status of the driver and all boards by typing cat proc hepc3 A typical output will look like this Hunt Engineering HEPC3 HEPC4 HECPCI1 C PCI TIM40 motherbo
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23. t it if you want it that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs and that you know you can do these things automatically in the PCI Command Register as on Intel maybe because the card does not talk correctly with OpenFirmware Now these flags are set explicitly which is a paranoia setting on Intel and maybe other platforms 5If anybody has a spare Alpha or Sparc my address is on the cover page To protect your rights we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software or if you modify it For example if you distribute copies of such a program whether gratis or for a fee you must give the recipients all the rights that you have You must make sure that they too receive or can get the source code And you must show them these terms so they know their rights We protect your rights with two steps 1 copyright the software and 2 offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy distribute and or modify the software Also for each author s protection and ours we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software If the software is modified by someone else and passed on we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original so that any proble
24. the driver should also work with other Linux 2 2 based PowerPC systems but this was not tested The module might also work with MkLinux which is 2 0 based but again this was not tested Please mail me your experiences 3It became not quite clear whether it is AMCC s or Intel s fault but AMCC will upgrade their silicon 4There were however some minor problems as listed in the next section Furthermore the device is not enabled 5 3 Other platforms and porting guide Due to the high level of platform independence the module should also work on other systems with PCI busses e g Alpha s or Sparc s but due to the lack of hardware this was not tested If you want to test the module on such hardware or do some porting here are a couple of hints and common pitfalls which might help in doing the job e storage sizes I tried to avoid data types whose storage sizes might vary on different plat forms but I can not guarantee that I found all critical variables e endianess issues on the PowerPC which is a big endian in and out commands are translated swapped correctly so endianess is not a problem PCI Bus Master transfers however are not therefore if you look into the code the setting of the byte swap flag is reverted in this case Remember that this might be totally different on another platform e do not trust PCT registers due to remapping by the kernel PCI registers might tell you other base addresses
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26. x 2 2 and slightly less than a power of two for Linux 2 0 The default is 1000 for Linux 2 0 and 1024 for Linux 2 2 hepc3 secure v defines whether all users have access to the board reset ioctl call v 0 see section 4 4 page 7 for details or only root may perfom this operation v 0 The default is v 1 hepc3_latency l sets the value of the PCI Latency Timer Register to l It influences the maxi mum time a board can request the bus during PCI Bus Master accesses from or to comport A As a rule of thumb a larger value gives more time to the hepc3 DMA decreasing the chances of the cpu and other pci devices for data transfer The default value which should be a good choice in most cases is 32 Note this option is available only if the driver was compiled with PCI Bus Master DMA support 1The memory is allocated upon an open call therefore unused ports need space only for some smaller internal structures 3 1 2 Manual insertion and removal To insert the module by hand just type as root insmod hepc3 lt options gt with zero or more of the options listed above To check the result of insmod see the last few lines reported by dmesg Typically they will look like this hepc30 Hunt Engineering HEPC3 HEPC4 HECPCI1 C PCI TIM40 motherboard Rev 0 hepc30 IRQ 11 IO at 0x1280 0x12c0 0x1300 0x1340 0x1400 hepc3 character device has major number 254 The only information which is useful not only for debugging purposes is
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