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Moisture Target Series 4 - GE Measurement & Control

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1. Empirical Solids lt June 2003 E ec Introduction This appendix contains general information about moisture monitoring techniques System contaminants moisture probe maintenance process applications and other considerations for ensuring accurate moisture measurements are discussed The following specific topics are covered Moisture Monitor Hints Contaminants Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Corrosive Gases and Liquids Materials of Construction Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Liquid Applications Empirical Calibrations e Solids Applications Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 1 June 2003 Moisture Monitor Hints GE Panametrics hygrometers using aluminum oxide moisture probes have been designed to reliably measure the moisture content of both gases and liquids The measured dew point will be the real dew point of the system at the measurement location and at the time of measurement However no moisture sensor can determine the origin of the measured moisture content In addition to the moisture content of the fluid to be analyzed the water vapor pressure at the measurement location may include components from sources such as moisture from the inner walls of the piping external moisture through leaks in
2. Figure 2 1 A Clip On Mounting Bracket Note The brackets may be mounted on either the sides or the top and bottom of the unit Installing the Series 4 5 18 94 Mounting the Sample System Installing the Probe into the Sample System The sample system is normally fastened to a metal plate that has four mounting holes Panametrics also provides the sample system in an enclosure if requested Sample system outline and dimension drawings are included in your shipment if ordered Follow the steps below to mount the sample system 1 Fasten the sample system plate or enclosure with four bolts one in each corner 2 Connect the sample system inlet and outlet to the process and return using the appropriate stainless steel fittings and tubing Caution Do not start a flow through the system until the probe has been properly installed Panametrics probes are usually installed in a sample system The sample system protects the probes from any damaging elements in the process The probes are inserted into a cylindrical shaped container called the sample cell which is included as part of your sample system M2 probes have 3 4 inch 16 straight threads with an O ring to secure the probes into the sample system or directly into the process line Other fittings are available for special applications Caution If mounting the probe directly into the process line consult Panametrics for proper installation instr
3. rAdj Use the arrow keys to scroll to the rAdJ prompt then press ENT XXX Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired trim value Note f the recorder output is reading too high enter a negative number Press ENT followed by ESC to return to the Main Menu Note The trim resolution is limited to 30 05 mA or 0 5 mV Choose the trim value that produces an output closest to the value you want 3 10 Programming the Series 4 5 18 94 The Series 4 requires reference values for its moisture measurement circuitry Reference values are factory calibration values that are specific to each unit They are listed on the label located on the side or bottom of the Series 4 electronics unit Note high and low reference values are factory set and normally do not need adjustment If for some reason you need to adjust or re enter the values follow the steps below At the ref prompt press ENT to enter this submenu H rEF Use the arrow keys to scroll through the choices to the desired selection then press sore ENT L rEF LENI X XXXX Use the arrow keys to change the value then press ENT to confirm your entry The X s represent your value Press ESC to return to the Main Menu SETUP This submenu option is for field service use only Caution To save data entered in the programming mode you must return the Series 4 to the measurement mode before turning
4. 3 8 Programming the Series 4 5 18 94 TEST cont To Test Alarms This option lets you trip or reset the alarm relays ALA OF ALA On ALb OF ALb On Use the arrow keys to scroll to the t AL prompt then press ENT to view the selections Use the arrow keys to scroll to the alarm you want to test Note The alarms test choices are as follows Alarm A off Alarm A on Alarm B off Alarm B on ALA On To Test the Display Press ESC to return to the test options Repeat the procedure as desired Use this option to test that all segments of the display are working Use the arrow keys to scroll to the dSPtSt prompt then press ENT to test the display 8 8 8 8 8 8 Press ESC to return to the test options Programming the Series 4 3 9 5 18 94 ee TEST cont To Adjust Recorders Use this option to trim the recorder The measured value of the recorder can vary from the programmed value due to varying load To accurately trim the recorder you will need a digital voltmeter capable of measuring 0 to 2 V with a resolution of 0 0001 VDC 0 1 mV or 0 to 20 mA with a resolution of 0 01 mA The range you use depends on your recorder output Note Be sure the recorder switch is set for the correct output Refer to Chapter 2 Connecting the Recorder page 2 5 Disconnect the chart recorder and connect the digital voltmeter
5. iv G Gases 6 Cables cssc Nowa EE DIR ate ato aden 2 4 Flow Rates 19 Calculations 11 Calibration H Empirical 28 How to Use This 1 Probe aevi ELDER 3 3 Replacing 5 4 6 Common 4 2 Contaminants 5 IM Series 12 Corrosive A 6 Installation Al 2 7 Cable Connections 2 4 Description 2 1 Default Settings patas 3 7 Description of Chapter it Dew Point Reading Mounting the Sample System 2 1 2 2 Offset m 3 7 Mounting the 2 1 Display PoWet c n leise een cae 2 8 Dew Point Reading 3 7 PONE sus gree Werne hos 2 2 Measurement Units 32 Recorder Output Connections 2 5 E Wiring Connections 2 3 Electronics L Specifications S quids Electronics Unit Applications A 22 1 1 6 Front 1 1 1 chase oct a ko ad dia A 19 Mounting su analyn ba 2 1 Empirical Calibration
6. A 30 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 C Additional Notes for Liquid Applications In addition to the topics already discussed the following general application notes pertain to the use of GE Panametrics moisture probes in liquid applications 1 M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors can be used in either the gas phase or the liquid phase However for the detection of trace amounts of water in conductive liquids for which an empirical calibration is required the M2 Sensor is recommended Since a background signal is caused by the conductivity of the liquid between the sensor lead wires use of the M2 Sensor which has the shortest lead wires will result in the best sensitivity The calibration data supplied with GE Panametrics Moisture Probes is applicable to both liquid phase for those liquids in which a Henry s Law analysis is applicable and gas phase applications As indicated in Table A 3 on page A 19 the flow rate of the liquid is limited to a maximum of 10 cm sec Possible probe malfunctions and their remedies are discussed in the Troubleshooting chapter of this manual Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 31 June 2003 m UUR 1 000 900 700 600 500 400 300 o 200 150 188 80 70 60 50 40 N o N a 30 700 hoo o o a 55 4 50 50
7. 18 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Table A 2 Maximum Gas Flow Rates Based on the physical characteristics of air at a temperature of 77 F and a pressure of I atm the following flow rates will produce the maximum allowable gas stream linear velocity of 10 000 cm sec in the corresponding pipe sizes Inside Pipe Diameter in Gas Flow Rate cfm 0 25 7 0 50 27 0 75 60 1 0 107 2 0 429 3 0 966 4 0 1 718 5 0 2 684 6 0 3 865 7 0 5 261 8 0 6 871 9 0 8 697 10 0 10 737 11 0 12 991 12 0 15 461 Table A 3 Maximum Liquid Flow Rates Based on the physical characteristics of benzene at a temperature of 77 F the following flow rates will produce the maximum allowable fluid linear velocity of 10 cm sec in the corresponding pipe sizes Inside Pipe Diameter in Flow Rate gal hr Flow Rate l hr 0 25 3 11 0 50 12 46 0 75 27 103 1 0 48 182 2 0 193 730 3 0 434 1 642 4 0 TI 2 919 5 0 1 205 4 561 6 0 1 735 6 567 7 0 2 361 8 939 8 0 3 084 11 675 9 0 3 903 14 776 10 0 4 819 18 243 11 0 5 831 22 074 12 0 6 939 26 269 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 10 000 8 000 10 000 6 000 8 000 5 000 4 000 6 000 5 000 9 000 4 000 2 000 3 000 2 000 1 500 1 000 800 600 500 400 300 200 150 100 80 60 50 40 30 DEW FROST POINT DEW FROST POINT C PRESSURE PSIG PRESSURE ATMOSPHERES MOISTURE
8. 20 g o e o hulihin Lu 45 a e o gt A 40 A o 35 m o o 30 zx e o 25 250 20 15 a MOISTURE CONTENT PPMw N o HENRY S LAW CONSTANT K 8 Napo o oa SATURATION VALUE AT TEMPERATURE T PPMw gt a a Libia ua du ud 8 02 N o 015 a 01 009 007 006 005 L Figure A 2 Moisture Content Nomograph for Liquids A 32 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Stainless Steel Tubing soft soldered to cover 3 4 26 THD Female soft soldered to cover M2 Probe Rubber Septum Exhaust Soft Solder Metal Cover with Teflon Washer Glass Bottle Magnetic Stirrer Bar Magnetic Stirrer Figure A 3 Moisture Content Test Apparatus Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 33 June 2003 Solids Applications A In Line Measurements GE Panametrics moisture probes may be installed in line to continuously monitor the drying process of a solid Install one sensor at the process system inlet to monitor the moisture content of the drying gas and install a second sensor at the process system outlet to monitor the moisture content of the discharged gas When the two sensors read the same or close to the same dew point the drying process is complete For exampl
9. Use this submenu to enter a high and a low dew point range page 3 3 Probe Use this submenu to enter value for each of the points in the dew point range page 3 3 Use this submenu to select a high or a low alarm and also to enter the alarm trip point page 3 4 gt HOKE Use this submenu to enter the recorder units output signal and zero and span points page 3 5 Use this submenu to adjust the displayed dew point reading page 3 7 If necessary use this submenu to reset the program default values page 3 7 Use this submenu to test the recorder alarms and display and also to adjust the recorder page 3 8 Use this submenu to adjust reference values for the moisture measurement circuitry page 3 11 This submenu option is for field service use only Contact Panametrics DOG Figure C 1 Series 4 Menu Map Series 4 Menu Map 5 18 94 Index A F Alarms Features and Capabilities Configuring 3 4 Description of Section iv im eh Lila 3 9 Flow Rates Wiring 2 7 GASES Gwe 19 Applications Laquids 19 GASES Ld seu ea hie OP 11 Monitoring 4 Liquid A 22 Front Panel MESS 34 Electronics Unit 1 1 Audience Definition
10. Telephone 46 0 8 530 685 00 Fax 46 0 8 530 357 57 E mail pana panametrics se Taiwan 7th Fl 52 Sec 3 Nan Kang Road Taipei Taiwan ROC Telephone 02 2788 3656 Fax 02 2782 7369 E mail rogerlin lumax com tw United Kingdom Unit 2 Villiers Court 40 Upper Mulgrave Road Cheam Surrey SM2 7AJ England Telephone 020 8643 5150 Fax 020 8643 4225 E mail uksales panametrics ie
11. June 2003 E Empirical Calibrations For those liquids in which a Henry s Law type analysis is not applicable the absolute moisture content is best determined by empirical calibration A Henry s Law type analysis is generally not applicable for the following classes of liquids liquids with a high saturation value 2 by weight of water or greater liquids such as dioxane that are completely miscible with water liquids such as isopropyl alcohol that are conductive For such liquids measurements of the hygrometer dew point readings for solutions of various known water concentrations must be performed Such a calibration can be conducted in either of two ways perform a Karl Fischer analysis on several unknown test samples of different water content prepare a series of known test samples via the addition of water to a quantity of dry liquid In the latter case it is important to be sure that the solutions have reached equilibrium before proceeding with the dew point measurements Note Karl Fisher analysis is a method for measuring trace quantities of water by titrating the test sample against a special Karl Fischer reagent until a color change from yellow to brown or a change in potential indicates that the end point has been reached Either of the empirical calibration techniques described above can be conducted using an apparatus equivalent to that shown in Figure A 3 on page 33 The apparatus pictured ca
12. straight chain hydrocarbons such as pentane hexane heptane etc A General Case Determination of Moisture Content if Cg is Known The nomograph for liquids in Figure 2 on page 32 can be used to determine the moisture content in an organic liquid if the following values are known the temperature of the liquid at the time of measurement the saturation water concentration at the measurement temperature the dew point as measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 23 June 2003 B A General Case cont Complete the following steps to determine the moisture content from the nomograph 1 Using a straightedge on the two scales on the right of the figure connect the known saturation concentration PPMw with the measurement temperature C 2 Read the Henry s Law constant K on the center scale 3 Using a straightedge connect above K value with the dew frost point as measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer 4 Read the moisture content PPM where the straight edge crosses the moisture content scale Empirical Determination of K and Cg If the values of and Cg are not known the GE Panametrics hygrometer can be used to determine these values In fact only one of the values is required to determine PPMy from the nomograph in Figure 2 on page 32 To perform such an analysis proceed as follows 1 Obtain a sample of the test solution
13. 7 8 2 Figure 2 8 Power Connections After you make power connections to the terminal block connect the power cord to an appropriate source The Series 4 will display busy while it initializes then begin displaying the dew frost point temperature 2 8 Installing the Series 4 Chapter 3 Programming the Series 4 Programming the System Submenu Options lleeee eese 5 18 94 Programming the System The Series 4 contains a system program that enables the user to change moisture probe data as well as set up and test alarms and recorders Refer to the menu map in Appendix C to move through the programming menus more quickly The front keypad of the Series 4 contains the following four keys for programming the system ENT confirms changes A scrolls forward V scrolls backward ESC cancels and ignores changes Note During numerical entry holding down the scroll key will speed up the numerical increment or decrement To enter data into the system program follow the steps below Note While entering data in the programming mode the Series 4 suspends making measurements To enter the programming mode you must perform the first two steps within 5 seconds or the unit will time out and return to the measurement mode First press and hold the ESC key until ESC is displayed ESC Press the ENT key then the ESC key On
14. dew point of the known test sample with the GE Panametrics hygrometer For purposes of this example assume the measured dew point to be 10 Using a straightedge on the nomograph in Figure 2 on page A 32 connect the known 10 PPMy moisture content with the measured dew point of 10 C and read a K value of 5 1 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 1 with the measured 10 dew point of the original liquid and read the actual moisture content of 47 PPM y on the left scale A 26 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 ee B Special Case cont Note The saturation value at 50 C for this liquid could also have been determined by connecting the K value of 5 1 with the ambient temperature of 50 and reading a value of 475 PPMy on the right scale For many applications a knowledge of the absolute moisture content of the liquid is not required Either the dew point of the liquid or its percent saturation is the only value needed For such applications the saturation value for the liquid need not be known The GE Panametrics hygrometer can be used directly to determine the dew point and then the percent saturation can be calculated from the vapor pressures of water at the measured dew point and at the ambient temperature of the liquid P Saturation c x 100 E x 100 Cs Ps Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 27
15. scale 2 Find the expected dew frost point for a helium gas stream having a measured moisture content of 1000 PPM and a system pressure of 0 52 atm Solution In Figure A 1 on page A 20 connect 1000 PPM on the Moisture Content scale with 0 52 atm on the Pressure scale Read the expected frost point of 27 C on the Dew Frost Point scale Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Parts per Million by Weight Relative Humidity Weight of Water per Unit Volume of Carrier Gas The water concentration in the gas phase of a system in parts per million by weight can be calculated directly from the PPMy and the ratio of the molecular weight of water to that of the carrier gas as follows My PEM pS BEM 0 2 Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the actual water vapor pressure to the saturation water vapor pressure at the prevailing ambient temperature expressed as a percentage P RH x 100 0 3 Ps 1 Find the relative humidity in a system if the measured dew point is 0 C and the ambient temperature is 20 C Solution From Table A 1 on page A 20 the water vapor pressure at a dew point of 0 C is 4 579 mm of Hg and the saturation water vapor pressure at an ambient temperature of 20 C is 17 535 mm of Hg Therefore the relative humidity of the system is 100 x 4 579 17 535 26 1 Three units of measure are commonly used in the gas industry to express the weight of water per unit vo
16. send it prepaid to the authorized repair station as indicated in the shipping instructions 3 If damage has been caused by misuse or abnormal conditions or if the warranty has expired an estimate will be provided upon request before repairs are started lii 5 18 94 Purpose of This Manual Intended Audience Manual Organization The Panametrics Moisture Target Series 4 User s Manual 910 112 explains how to install use and maintain the Moisture Target Series 4 Should field service that is beyond the scope of this manual become necessary contact the Panametrics office nearest you A list of Panametrics offices is located on the back page of this manual This manual is intended for people who install use and maintain instrumentation devices This manual presumes the audience has some general familiarity with pipe terminology and analytical devices as used in their application however no knowledge of Panametrics systems is necessary to use this manual This manual is a general reference for personnel who have overall responsibility for using and maintaining process monitoring devices It also contains sections intended specifically for installers electricians pipe fitters etc The manual organization is outlined below This manual consists of five sections three appendices and an index Chapter 1 Features and Capabilities provides an overview of the Series 4 Chapter 2 Installing the Series 4 describes h
17. the System ssena m 3 1 Submenu Options oe ee E VES ee earns 3 2 Duo saad ee dene 3 2 Dew Boint DD AA 3 3 Probes cdi stie UB EC dd 3 3 Alarnm ADby olv os ice oe Ste 3 4 Recorder RERD 2 eode eae OR a eo 3 5 OBBSET 5 ep SRL EE SM 3 7 DBBEAUPET ngs eL LE eI SACRA Mae Remotes Reeds 3 7 TEST 3 8 IS vedi ted 3 11 SETUP teet E DL pP HE Cbr ET Bute ath pe 3 11 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Maintenance Introduction ho Seka key pea Mite tind DENS Eade Ris 4 1 Common Problems orae Rache Ene te rte bt ates 4 2 Replacing the User nen ens 4 4 Replacing and Recalibrating the Moisture Probes 4 6 vii 5 18 94 Table of Contents cont Chapter 5 Specifications Electronics 5 1 wed a eco Gust haus Weta Woe Moa PNG 5 1 Intrinsic Safety sie vy a eee ce eel es pee ed wes Sa eter 5 1 Analog QutpU t reet ir zt tois pad RETI Y REO E ans lta
18. the dew frost point as measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer Read moisture content PPM where the straightedge crosses the scale on the left Typical Problems 1 Find the moisture content in benzene at an ambient temperature of 30 if a dew point of 0 is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for benzene at a temperature of 30 C is 870 PPM y Using a straightedge on Figure 2 on page A 32 connect the 870 PPMy saturation concentration with the 30 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 27 4 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 27 4 with the measured dew point of 0 C and read the correct moisture content of 125 PPM yw where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale 2 Find the moisture content in heptane at an ambient temperature of 50 C if a dew point of 3 C is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for heptane at a temperature of 50 is 480 PPM Using a straightedge on Figure 2 on page A 32 connect the 480 saturation concentration with the 50 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 5 2 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 2 with the measured dew point of 3 C and read the correct moisture content of 29 PPM where the strai
19. water Thus the surface of the aluminum oxide sensor which acts as a semi permeable membrane permits the measurement of water vapor pressure in organic liquids just as easily as it does in gaseous media In fact an accurate sensor electrical output will be registered whether the sensor is directly immersed in the organic liquid or it is placed in the gas space above the liquid surface As with gases the electrical output of the aluminum oxide sensor is a function of the measured water vapor pressure Moisture Content Henry s Law Type Analysis Measurement in Organic when using the aluminum oxide sensor in non polar liquids having Liquids water concentrations lt 1 by weight Henry 5 Law is generally applicable Henry s Law states that at constant temperature the mass of a gas dissolved in a given volume of liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the system Stated in terms pertinent to this discussion it can be said that the PPMy of water in hydrocarbon liquids is equal to the partial pressure of water vapor in the system times a constant As discussed above a GE Panametrics aluminum oxide sensor can be directly immersed in a hydrocarbon liquid to measure the equivalent dew point Since the dew point is functionally related to the vapor pressure of the water a determination of the dew point will allow one to calculate the PPMy of water in the liquid by a Henry s Law type analysis A specific example of su
20. with a known water content or perform a Karl Fischer titration on a sample of the test stream to determine the PPMyy of water Note The Karl Fischer analysis involves titrating the test sample against a special Karl Fischer reagent until an endpoint is reached 2 Measure the dew point of the known sample with the GE Panametrics hygrometer 3 Measure the temperature of the test solution 4 Using a straightedge connect the moisture content PPMw with the measured dew point and read the K value on the center scale 5 Using a straightedge connect the above K value with the measured temperature of the test solution and read the saturation concentration PPM y Note Since the values of K and vary with temperature the hygrometer measurement and the test sample analysis must be done at the same temperature If the moisture probe temperature is expected to vary the test should be performed at more than one temperature A 24 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 B Special Case As mentioned earlier saturated straight chain hydrocarbons represent a special case where the Henry s Law constant does not vary appreciably with temperature In such cases use the nomograph for liquids in Figure A 2 on page A 32 to complete the analysis Determination of moisture content if the Henry s Law constant K is known 1 Using a straightedge connect the known K value on the center scale with
21. 225 70 227 70 229 70 231 70 70 233 70 235 70 237 70 239 70 241 80 71 243 90 246 00 248 20 250 30 252 40 72 254 60 256 80 259 00 261 20 263 40 73 265 70 268 00 2770 20 2772 60 274 80 74 277 20 279 40 281 80 284 20 286 60 75 289 10 291 50 294 00 296 40 298 80 76 301 40 303 80 306 40 308 90 311 40 77 314 10 316 60 319 20 322 00 324 60 78 327 30 330 00 332 80 335 60 338 20 79 341 00 343 80 346 60 349 40 352 20 80 355 10 358 00 361 00 363 80 366 80 81 369 70 372 60 375 60 378 80 381 80 82 384 90 388 00 391 20 394 40 397 40 83 400 60 403 80 407 00 410 20 413 60 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 EE Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water Continued Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water cont Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 84 416 80 420 20 423 60 426 80 430 20 85 433 60 437 00 440 40 444 00 447 50 86 450 90 454 40 458 00 461 60 465 20 87 468 70 472 40 476 00 479 80 483 40 88 487 10 491 00 494 70 498 50 502 20 89 506 10 510 00 513 90 517 80 521 80 90 525 76 529 77 533 80 537 86 541 95 91 546 05 550 18 554 35 558 53 562 75 92 566 99 571 26 575 55 579 87 584 22 93 588 60 593 00 597 43 601 89 606 38 94 610 90 615 44 620 01 624 61 629 24 95 633 90 638 59 643 30 648 05 652 82 96 657 62 662 45 667 31 672 20 677 12 97 682 07 687 04 692 05 697 10 702 17 98 707 27 712 40 717 56 722 75 727 98 99 733 24 738 53 743 85 749 20 754 58 100 760 00 765 45 770 93 776 44 782 00 101 787 57 793 18 798 82 804 50 810 21
22. 4 Replacing the User Program cont Pete Os fa mg Oe 800000 Figure 4 1 EPROM and Notch Location Caution Do not bend the legs on the EPROM too much The legs are very delicate and may snap off if bent too far or too many times 5 Repeat step 4 for the opposite side of the EPROM then place the EPROM back in the socket Make sure that the EPROM notch matches the socket notch 6 Press the EPROM into place making sure that you do not bend or break any of the legs DO NOT FORCE THE EPROM INTO THE SOCKET Repeat steps 4 and 5 if necessary 7 Insert the controller card into the casing 8 Replace the back panel on the casing Do not over tighten screws Power up the Series 4 and check to make sure the calibration and reference data is not corrupted refer to Chapter 3 If data is corrupted re enter data as described in Chapter 3 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 4 5 5 18 94 Replacing and Recalibrating the Moisture Probes For maximum accuracy you should send probes back to the factory for recalibration every six months to one year depending on the application Under severe conditions you should send the probes back for recalibration more frequently in milder applications you do not need to recalibrate probes as often Contact a Panametrics applications engineer for the recommended calibration frequency for your application When you receive new or recalibrated probes be sure to install and conne
23. 5 18 94 EE qd acu Process Control Instruments Moisture Target Series 4 User s Manual 910 112 r PANAMETRICS 5 18 94 Warranty Maintenance Policy Each PANAMETRICS manufactured instrument is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship Liability under this warranty is limited to servicing calibrating and replacing any defective parts of the instrument returned to the factory for that purpose Fuses and batteries are specifically excluded from any liability This warranty is effective from the date of delivery to the original purchaser The equipment must be determined by Panametrics to have been defective for the warranty to be valid This warranty is effective with respect to the following one year for electronic failures one year for mechanical failures shorts or opens to the sensors six months for calibration of sensors If damage is determined to have been caused by misuse or abnormal conditions of operation the owner will be notified and repairs will be billed at standard rates after approval If any fault develops the following steps should be taken 1 Notify us giving full details of the difficulty and provide the model and serial number of the instrument On receipt Panametrics will give you a RETURN AUTHORIZATION NUMBER and or shipping instructions depending on the problem with your system 2 If Panametrics instructs you to send your analyzer back to the factory please
24. 82 48 102 48 627 49 157 38 49 692 50 231 50 774 51 323 51 879 39 52 442 53 009 53 580 54 156 54 737 40 55 324 55 910 56 510 57 110 57 720 41 58 340 58 960 59 580 60 220 60 860 16 Application the Hygrometer 900 901E Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water Continued June 2003 SS gt E gt S gt Eh _ __ Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water cont Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 42 61 500 62 140 62 800 63 460 64 120 43 64 800 65 480 66 160 66 860 67 560 44 68 260 68 970 69 690 70 410 71 140 45 71 880 72 620 73 360 74 120 74 880 46 75 650 76 430 77 210 78 000 78 800 47 79 600 80 410 81 230 82 050 82 870 48 83 710 84 560 85 420 86 280 87 140 49 88 020 88 900 89 790 90 690 91 590 50 92 51 93 50 94 40 95 30 96 30 51 97 20 98 20 99 10 100 10 101 10 52 102 09 103 10 104 10 105 10 106 20 53 107 20 108 20 109 30 110 40 111 40 54 112 51 113 60 114 70 115 80 116 90 55 118 04 119 10 120 30 121 50 122 60 56 123 80 125 00 126 20 127 40 128 60 57 129 82 131 00 132 30 133 50 134 70 58 136 08 137 30 138 50 139 90 141 20 59 142 60 143 90 145 20 146 60 148 00 60 149 38 150 70 152 10 153 50 155 00 61 156 43 157 80 159 30 160 80 162 30 62 163 77 165 20 166 80 168 30 169 80 63 171 38 172 90 174 50 176 10 177 70 64 179 31 180 90 182 50 184 20 185 80 65 187 54 189 20 190 90 192 60 194 30 66 196 09 197 80 199 50 201 30 203 10 67 204 96 206 80 208 60 210 50 212 30 68 214 17 216 00 218 00 219 90 221 80 69 223 73
25. B Instructions for Note This procedure is only for liquids that are highly miscible with Preparing Known water Excessive equilibrium times would be required with Samples less miscible liquids To prepare samples of known moisture content use the apparatus in Figure A 3 on page A 33 and complete the following steps Weigh the dry empty apparatus the glass bottle with the sample liquid 1 2 3 Open both valves and turn on the magnetic stirrer 4 While monitoring the dew point reading with the hygrometer bubble dry N through the liquid until the dew point stabilizes at some minimum value 5 Turn off the N supply and close both valves 6 Weigh the apparatus including the liquid and calculate the sample weight by subtracting the step 1 weight from this weight 7 Insert a syringe through the rubber septum and add a known weight of H5O to the sample Continue stirring until the water is completely dissolved in the liquid 8 Record the dew point indicated by the hygrometer and calculate the moisture content as follows weight of water 6 PPM 5 W total weight of liquid 9 Repeat steps 6 8 until samples with several different moisture contents have been analyzed Note The accuracy of this technique can be checked at any point by withdrawing a sample and performing a Karl Fischer titration Be aware that this will change the total liquid weight in calculating the next point
26. Block S1 Figure 2 5 Switch Block Location Installing the Series 4 2 5 5 18 94 Connecting the Recorder To make recorder output connections connect the recorder output to Output cont the terminal block on the back of the Series 4 as shown in Table 2 2 and Figure 2 6 below Table 2 2 Recorder Output Connections Recorder oe 4 5 PROBE RODR ALARM ALARM B 11213141516 7 8 9 10 11 12 Figure 2 6 Recorder Output Connections 2 6 Installing the Series 4 5 18 94 Connecting the Alarms The Series 4 has optional high and low alarm relays Hermetically sealed alarm relays are also optionally available Each alarm relay is a single pole double throw contact set that contains the following contacts Normally Open NO Armature Contact Normally Closed NC Connect Alarm A and Alarm B relays to the terminal block on the back of the Series 4 as shown in Table 2 3 and Figure 2 7 Table 2 3 Alarm Connections Alarm B Alarm Connections 11213141616 718 Figure 2 7 Alarm Relay Connections Installing the Series 4 2 7 5 18 94 Connecting Power Use Table 2 4 and Figure 2 8 below to connect the power supply to the three pin terminal block on the back of the Series 4 Table 2 4 Power Connections 24 VDC Unit Ground Power Connections PROBE RCOR ALARM AT ALARM B 1 213 4 5 6
27. CONTENT PPM by volume Figure A 1 Moisture Content Nomograph for Gases A 20 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Comparison of PPMy Calculations There are three basic methods for determining the moisture content of gas in PPMy the calculations described in this appendix calculations performed with the slide rule device that is provided with each GE Panametrics hygrometer values determined from tabulated vapor pressures For comparison purposes examples of all three procedures are listed in Table A 4 below Table 4 Comparative PPMy Values Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Calculation Method DewPoint Pressure Appendix Vapor psig Slide Rule A Pressure 80 0 0 5 0 55 0 526 100 0 065 N A 0 0675 800 0 009 N A 0 0095 1500 0 005 N A 0 0051 50 0 37 40 38 88 100 4 8 5 2 4 98 800 0 65 0 8 0 7016 1500 0 36 0 35 0 3773 20 0 20 000 23 072 36 100 3000 3000 2956 9 800 420 400 416 3105 1500 220 200 223 9 21 June 2003 Liquid Applications Theory of Operation The direct measurement of water vapor pressure in organic liquids is accomplished easily and effectively with GE Panametrics Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors Since the moisture probe pore openings are small in relation to the size of most organic molecules admission into the sensor cavity is limited to much smaller molecules such as
28. Moisture Probes SYSE LEAD PAD Kaba 3 1 3 2 Common 4 2 Probes idet 4 6 Q Monitoring Hints Questions and Comments Flow 4 DEL 1 R Pressure oe eb RR A 3 Response Time 4 Recorder Temperature 4 AdJUstng anb e RET ette 3 10 Test one bertus m e 3 8 Recorder Output Wiring 2 5 Offset Reference Values Adjusting zu di MEL dM C E 3 7 3 11 Related Documentation 1 v Description of Chapter 1V Relative Humidity Calculating A 13 Response Time Moisture Probe 4 Revision 2 Index 5 18 94 Index cont Sample System Installing Probe 2 2 Mounting 2 1 2 2 Screen Messages Common Problems 4 2 Solids Applications A 34 Specifications Description of Chapter iv Electronics 2 aed AA ess 5 1 Moisture Measurement 5 2 Moisture 10 Submenu Options Adarms ved er VE s 3 4 Detault sich tete etn teer 4 3 7 Dew 3 3 Offset icut et See OR
29. Panametrics in any length up to 1 200 meters 4 000 feet First connect the cable to the probe by inserting the bayonet type connector onto the probe and twisting the shell clockwise until it snaps into a locked position approximately 1 8 Next connect the probe cable to the terminal block on the back of the Series 4 as shown in Table 2 1 and Figure 2 4 below Table 2 1 Probe Connections Probe Wire Color 1 Shield Green Red Probe Connections RCOR ALARM A ALARM B Figure 2 4 Probe Cable Connections 2 4 Installing the Series 4 5 18 94 Connecting the Recorder The Series 4 has one isolated recorder output This output provides Output either a current or voltage signal which is set using a switch block Although the Series 4 is configured at the factory you should check the switch block position before making connections Use the following steps to check or reset the switch block setting 1 Make sure the Series 4 is turned off and unplugged 2 access the electronics board remove the four screws on the back panel and slide the electronics unit out of its enclosure 3 Locate switch block 51 next to the relays See Figure 2 5 for switch block location 4 Set switch S1 in the appropriate position I for current V for voltage 5 Once the switch is set slide the electronics unit back into its enclosure and fasten the screws 5 Bi a Wlan Switch
30. alt prompt press the ENT key Sure To reset the default values press ENT at the Sure prompt done The system will display done before returning to the Main Menu Programming the Series 4 3 7 5 18 94 TEST Use this submenu to test the recorder alarms and display and also to adjust the recorder At the test prompt press the ENT key to enter this submenu t rcrd Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired test then press ENT at your selection t AL dSPtSt rAdj To Test Recorders This option lets you test the recorder output to make sure it is operating properly You can test three percentages of the full scale recorder range as follows 100 of the full scale recorder range t 50 of the full scale recorder range L 0 of the full scale recorder range Note Be sure the recorder is connected as described in Chapter 2 Connecting the Recorder page 2 5 before proceeding with the following steps X XX H Use the arrow keys to scroll to the t rcrd prompt then press ENT to view the X XX L selections The X s represent the recorder output signal already selected X XX t Use the arrow keys to scroll to the required value the recorder pen should swing to the appropriate value Note f the recorder needs to be adjusted refer to Adjust Recorders on page 3 10 X XX H Press ESC to return to the test options
31. articulates see aa AREA GG PARAN CR NP eee NP A 6 Corrosive Particulates ssi aww meh Re es E dpa p NG e EE AEG A 6 Aluminum Oxide Probe 7 Corrosive Gases And Liquids rm re eyes 9 Materials of Construction s renes m 10 Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications 11 KA ue BIND BNG 11 Parts per Million by cece cece 12 Parts per Million by Weight 0 0 III A 13 Relative eem elm GT RU ed eheu Nu Rees A 13 Weight of Water per Unit Volume of Carrier A 13 Weight of Water per Unit Weight of Carrier A 14 Comparison of PPMV Calculations 00 cece eee eee eee A 21 Liquid Applications ites rp Pine Bite ao Daniela hacen A 22 Theory of Operation oosa iis o Diner me A 22 Moisture Content Measurement in Organic 4 A 22 Empirical Calibrations ve ETUR IET bel A 28 Solids Applications ose ei eger REO Ap AES RE NE A 34 Appendix B Outline and Installation Dr
32. ary Refer to Section A1 1 in Appendix A for more information If sampling point and main stream conditions are the same check sample system pipes and any pipe between the sample system and main stream for leaks Also check sample system for adsorbing water surfaces such as rubber or plastic tubing paper type filters or condensed water traps Remove or replace contaminating parts with stainless steel parts Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall sensor Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall sensor Also install a proper filter i e sintered or coalescing element Return the probe to factory for evaluation Return the probe to factory for evaluation Return the probe to factory for evaluation 4 2 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 5 18 94 Table 4 1 Troubleshooting Guide for Common Problems cont System Response Symptom A blinking E on the left side of the display Screen always reads the wettest highest programmed moisture calibration value while displaying dew frost point A blinking E on the left side of the display Screen always reads the driest lowest programmed moisture calibration value while displaying dew frost point Slow response Possible Cause Probe is saturated Liquid water present on sensor surface and or across electrical connections Shor
33. awings Appendix C Series 4 Menu Map Seri s 4 Menu eb LERNEN ER Mer E rae eec Reve Yet ta C 1 Chapter 1 Features and Capabilities Introduction to the Series 4 Electronics Unit Probes 5 18 94 HEEL Introduction to the The Series 4 is a microprocessor based single channel hygrometer Series 4 that measures moisture content in gases It is intended for Original Equipment Manufacturer OEM applications and is suitable for a wide range of process conditions requiring real time moisture measurement It operates over a range of 80 to 20 112 to 68 F with data to 110 C 166 F and comes equipped with two alarm relays and a single analog output Electronics Unit The Series 4 electronics displays measurement data on a one line 6 digit LCD probe information is entered into the unit using the four button front panel keypad see Figure 1 1 below The Series 4 has a universal power supply that automatically adjusts to line voltages from 100 to 240 VAC In addition the Series 4 can also be powered at 24 VDC r PANAMETRICS pum Dew Frost Point ESC E Figure 1 1 Series 4 Front Panel Features and Capabilities 1 1 5 18 94 Probes The moisture probe is that part of the system that comes in contact with the process The Series 4 uses any M Series probe to measure dew point temperature in or F The sensor assembly is secured to the probe mo
34. ce you have entered the Main Menu use the following steps to program the Series 4 unit Use the arrow keys to scroll through the ten submenus in the Main Menu dp Probe AL Programming the Series 4 3 1 5 18 94 Programming the System cont Submenu Options UNIT Offset defalt test ref Setup Refer to the sections that follow to enter data into each submenu The following sections briefly describe how to use each of the sub menus Once you have scrolled to the desired submenu follow the steps below to enter data The UNIT submenu lets you select one of the following measurements to display degree C degree F MH H Note MH is the moisture sensor s raw response value which is recorded along with dew point during calibration At the unit prompt press the ENT key to enter this submenu dEG C Use the arrow keys to scroll through the options to the desired selection dEG F H Press ENT at your selection The Series 4 returns to the Main Menu 3 2 Programming the Series 4 5 18 94 Dew Point DP Use the DP submenu to enter a high and low dew point range This range is used to determine the number of points in the calibration curve Note The high max and low min dew points are listed on the Moisture Probe Calibration Data Sheet At the dp prompt pre
35. ch an analysis is shown below For liquids in which a Henry s Law type analysis is applicable the parts per million by weight of water in the organic liquid is equal to the partial pressure of water vapor times a constant PPM Kx Py where K is the Henry s Law constant in the appropriate units and the other variables are as defined on page A 11 A 22 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 IS Henry s Law Type Analysis cont Also the value of K is determined from the known water saturation concentration of the organic liquid at the measurement temperature Saturation PPMy x E b S For a mixture of organic liquids an average saturation value can be calculated from the weight fractions and saturation values of the pure components as follows Ave Cg X X C5 c i 1 where X is the weight fraction of the component Cs is the saturation concentration PPM y of the component and n is the total number of components In conclusion the Henry s Law constant K is a constant of proportionality between the saturation concentration Cs and the saturation vapor pressure Ps of water at the measurement temperature In the General Case the Henry s Law constant varies with the measurement temperature but there is a Special Case in which the Henry s Law constant does not vary appreciably with the measurement temperature This special case applies to saturated
36. ct them as described in Chapter 2 Installing the Series 4 Once you have installed and connected the probes enter the calibration data as described in Chapter 3 Programming the Series 4 Note that each probe has its own Calibration Data Sheet with the corresponding probe serial number printed on it Troubleshooting and Maintenance Chapter 5 Specifications Electronics Moisture Measurement 5 18 94 Electronics Input Intrinsic Safety Analog Output Programmable Recorder Outputs Alarm Relays Alarm Setpoint Accuracy Display Display Functions Power Requirements Temperature Warm Up Time Moisture signal from Panametrics thin film aluminum oxide moisture sensor External safety barrier for moisture input optional Single recorder output for dew point Internally optically isolated 10 bit 0 1 resolution 0 to 2 V 10 k ohm minimum load resistance 0 to 20 mA 400 ohm maximum series resistance 4 to 20 mA 400 ohm maximum series resistance Zero and span are user programmable within the range of the instrument and the corresponding probe 2 optional Form C relays SPDT rated for 2A at 28 VDC and 5A at 120 VAC Standard and hermetically sealed designs available for high and low limits set to trip at any level within the range of the instrument programmable from front panel 0 1 dew point 1 line 6 digit Liquid Crystal Display LCD Dew point t
37. dating due to corrections or changes to the product Publication dates are on the top corner of each page of the manual Changes are indicated by a different date on the changed page The date and document number on the title page are also changed This is the first version of the Series 4 manual Panametrics supplies Calibration Data Sheets containing all necessary probe data along with the moisture probes In addition Panametrics will provide detailed drawings and schematics for special purposes upon request For other technical documentation related to particular applications or for the assistance of an applications engineer call Panametrics PCI Division at 1 800 833 9438 within the U S A or 781 899 2719 outside the U S A Conventions used throughout this manual are listed below Characters enclosed in brackets such as ENT represent a key on the keypad There are the four keys on the front panel If you have any questions call our toll free number 1 800 833 9438 within the U S A or 781 899 2746 outside the U S A 5 18 94 NE Commenting on This We welcome your comments and suggestions for improving the Manual quality of our manuals You can comment four ways out the prepaid postage response card in the front of this manual Send comments to Panametrics PCI Division Technical Publications Department 221 Crescent Street Waltham Massachusetts 02154 Attention Comments e Fax
38. e a system of this type has been used successfully to monitor the drying of photographic film If one wishes to measure the absolute moisture content of the solid at any time during such a process then an empirical calibration is required 1 Ata particular set of operating conditions i e flow rate temperature and pressure the hygrometer dew point reading can be calibrated against solids samples with known moisture contents 2 Assuming the operating conditions are relatively constant the hygrometer dew point reading can be noted and a solids sample withdrawn for laboratory analysis 3 Repeat this procedure until a calibration curve over the desired moisture content range has been developed Once such a curve has been developed the hygrometer can then be used to continuously monitor the moisture content of the solid as long as operating conditions are relatively constant A 34 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 B Laboratory If in line measurements are not practical then there are two possible Procedures laboratory procedures 1 The unique ability of the GE Panametrics sensor to determine the moisture content of a liquid can be used as follows a Note Using the apparatus shown in Figure A 3 on page A 33 dissolve a known amount of the solids sample in a suitable hydrocarbon liquid The measured increase in the moisture content of the hydrocarbon liquid can then be used to calculate th
39. e ees 3 7 oed E uides Lies 3 3 Reference Values 3 11 Testo BOA DANI CPi enp 3 8 Units iu nb baee rts eb eia 3 2 System Programming 3 1 3 2 T Temperature Monitoring A 4 Test Alarms oce ve EE 3 9 seu LEE XR 3 8 Troubleshooting Common 4 2 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 4 1 Common 4 2 Contaminants 5 Replacing amp Recalibrating the Probe 4 6 Replacing the User Program 4 4 Typographical Conventions User Program Replacing 4 4 Wattanty o ee Wiring Connections Alarms 6 0 eb BRA cee es 2 7 Description 2 3 POWE svo VC E hte eatin 2 8 Probe nadaan a nana apan a 2 3 Recorder 2 5 Index MAIN OFFICES GE Panametrics WORLDWIDE OFFICES GE PANAMETRICS INTERNATIONAL OFFICES USA GE Panametrics 221 Crescent St Suite 1 Waltham MA 02453 3497 USA Telephone 781 899 2719 Toll Free 800 833 9438 Fax 781 894 8582 E mail panametrics ps ge com Web www gepower com panametrics ISO 9001 Certified Ireland GE Panametrics Shannon Industrial Estate Shannon Co Clare Ireland Telephone 353 61 470200 Fax 353 61 471359 E mail info pana
40. e moisture content of the sample For best results the hydrocarbon liquid used above should be pre dried to a moisture content that is insignificant compared to the moisture content of the sample Since the addition of the solid may significantly change the saturation value for the solvent published values should not be used Instead an empirical calibration as discussed in the previous section should be used A dew point of 110 C which can correspond to a moisture content of 10 PPMy or less represents the lower limit of sensor sensitivity The maximum measurable moisture content depends to a great extent on the liquid itself Generally the sensor becomes insensitive to moisture contents in excess of 1 by weight 2 An alternative technique involves driving the moisture from the solids sample by heating a The evaporated moisture is directed into a chamber of known volume which contains a calibrated moisture sensor Convert the measured dew point of the chamber into a water vapor pressure as discussed earlier in this appendix From the known volume of the chamber and the measured vapor pressure dew point of the water the number of moles of water in the chamber can be calculated and related to the percent by weight of water in the test sample Although this technique is somewhat tedious it can be used successfully An empirical calibration of the procedure may be performed by using hydrated solids of known moistu
41. ect should not be mistakenly interpreted as indicating that the moisture probe has a temperature coefficient GE Panametrics hygrometers are unaffected by the fluid flow rate The moisture probe is not a mass sensor but responds only to water vapor pressure The moisture probe will operate accurately under both static and dynamic fluid flow conditions In fact the specified maximum fluid linear velocity of 10 000 cm sec for The M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensor indicates a mechanical stability limitation rather than a sensitivity to the fluid flow rate If the measured dew point of a system changes with the fluid flow rate then it can be assumed that off gassing or a leak in the sample system is causing the variation If secondary moisture is entering the process fluid either from an ambient air leak or the release of previously absorbed moisture from the sample system walls an increase in the flow rate of the process fluid will dilute the secondary moisture source As a result the vapor pressure will be lowered and a lower dew point will be measured Note Refer to the Specifications chapter in this manual for the maximum allowable flow rate for the instrument A 4 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Contaminants Non Conductive Particulates Industrial gases and liquids often contain fine particulate matter Particulates of the following types are commonly found in such process fluids carbon par
42. emp C 0 2 4 6 8 90 0 000070 0 000048 0 000033 0 000022 0 000015 80 0 00040 0 00029 0 00020 0 00014 0 00010 70 0 00194 0 00143 0 00105 0 00077 0 00056 60 0 00808 0 00614 0 00464 0 00349 0 00261 50 0 02955 0 0230 0 0178 0 0138 0 0106 40 0 0966 0 0768 0 0609 0 0481 0 0378 30 0 2859 0 2318 0 1873 0 1507 0 1209 Temp C 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 29 0 317 0 311 0 304 0 298 0 292 28 0 351 0 344 0 337 0 330 0 324 27 0 389 0 381 0 374 0 366 0 359 26 0 430 0 422 0 414 0 405 0 397 25 0 476 0 467 0 457 0 448 0 439 24 0 526 0 515 0 505 0 495 0 486 23 0 580 0 569 0 558 0 547 0 536 22 0 640 0 627 0 615 0 603 0 592 21 0 705 0 691 0 678 0 665 0 652 20 0 776 0 761 0 747 0 733 0 719 19 0 854 0 838 0 822 0 806 0 791 18 0 939 0 921 0 904 0 887 0 870 17 1 031 1 012 0 993 0 975 0 956 16 1 132 1 111 1 091 1 070 1 051 15 1 241 1 219 1 196 1 175 1 153 14 1 361 1 336 1 312 1 288 1 264 13 1 490 1 464 1 437 1 411 1 386 12 1 632 1 602 1 574 1 546 1 518 11 1 785 1 753 1 722 1 691 1 661 10 1 950 1 916 1 883 1 849 1 817 9 2 131 2 093 2 057 2 021 1 985 8 2 326 2 285 2 246 2 207 2 168 7 2 537 2 493 2 450 2 408 2 367 6 2 765 2 718 2 672 2 626 2 581 5 3 013 2 962 2 912 2 862 2 813 4 3 280 3 225 3 171 3 117 3 065 3 3 568 3 509 3 451 3 393 3 336 2 3 880 3 816 3 753 3 691 3 630 1 4217 4147 4 079 4 012 3 946 0 4 579 4 504 4 431 4 359 4 287 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901 June 2003 EE Table A 1 Vapor Pressu
43. emperature C or F amp MH 100 120 220 240 VAC 50 60 Hz 24 VDC 3 6 Watts Operating 0 to 60 C Storage 30 to 70 Meets specified accuracy within 3 minutes Specifications 5 18 94 Configurations Dimensions Moisture Measurement Sensor Type Moisture Probe Compatibility Moisture Probe Pressure Rating Dew Frost Point Temperature Panel mount version HxWxD Panel 2 83 x 5 67 x 5 55 71 9 x 144 x 141mm Thin film aluminum oxide moisture sensor probe Compatible with all Panametrics M Series aluminum oxide moisture probes 5000 psig Overall calibration range 110 to 60 Available calibration range options Standard 80 C to 20 C with data to 1109C Extended high 80 C to 60 C with data to 110 C Accuracy 2 from 65 C to 60 3 from 110 C to 66 C Repeatability 0 5 from 65 C to 60 1 0 from 110 C to 66 5 2 Specifications Appendix A Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Introduction GLENDA DENG BEDA ANNA Moisture Monitor Hints 22 2 203 ha ha DUAL aer wee admi RT Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Corrosive Gases And Materials of Construction Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Liquid Applications
44. es 4 measurement readings seem strange or they do not make sense there may be a problem with the probe or a component of the process system Table 4 1 contains some of the most common problems that affect measurements Table 4 1 Troubleshooting Guide for Common Problems System Response Accuracy of moisture sensor is questioned Possible Cause Insufficient time for system to equilibrate Dew point at sampling point is different than the dew point of the main stream Sensor or sensor shield affected by process contaminants refer to A2 1 and A2 2 Sensor is contaminated with conductive particles refer to A2 2 Sensor is corroded refer to A2 3 Sensor temperature is greater than 70 158 F Stream particles causing abrasion Probe reads too wet during dry down conditions or too dry in wet up conditions Probe reads too wet or too dry Probe reads too wet or too dry Probe reads high dew point Probe reads too wet or too dry Probe reads too dry Probe reads too wet or too dry Action Change the flow rate A change in dew point indicates the sample system is not at equilibrium or there is aleak Allow sufficient time for sample system to equilibrate and moisture reading to become steady Check for leaks Readings may be correct if the sampling point and main stream do not run under the same process conditions The different process conditions cause readings to v
45. ew point of a system enables one to calculate all other moisture measurement parameters The most important fact to recognize is that for a particular dew point there is one and only one equivalent vapor pressure Note The calibration of GE Panametrics moisture probes is based on the vapor pressure of liquid water above 0 C and frost below 0 GE Panametrics moisture probes are never calibrated with supercooled water Caution is advised when comparing dew points measured with a GE Panametrics hygrometer to those measured with a mirror type hygrometer since such instruments may provide the dew points of supercooled water As stated above the dew frost point of a system defines a unique partial pressure of water vapor in the gas Table A 1 on page A 15 which lists water vapor pressure as a function of dew point can be used to find either the saturation water vapor pressure at a known temperature or the water vapor pressure at a specified dew point In addition all definitions involving humidity can then be expressed in terms of the water vapor pressure The following symbols and units are used in the equations that are presented in the next few sections RH relative humidity e Ty temperature K 273 Tp temperature R F 460 PPM parts per million by volume PPM parts per million by weight M molecular weight of water 18 e molecular weight of carrier gas saturation vap
46. g the Series 4 3 5 5 18 94 EC _ Recorder RCRD cont Note Be sure the output range you select agrees with the recorder switch setting see Chapter 2 Connecting the Recorder page 2 5 The output ranges are as follows 4 20mA 0 20 mA 0 2VDC rcd Lo Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired recorder setpoint then press ENT at your selection rcd Hi r out 0 0 F Use the arrow keys to enter the setpoint value then press ENT to confirm your entry Note The recorder range limits are as follows 202 0 F to 160 F 130 C to 70 C X XF The X s represent your value Press ESC twice to return to the Main Menu 3 6 Programming the Series 4 5 18 94 OFFSET Use this submenu to adjust the displayed dew point reading A positive number will increase the reading a negative number will decrease the reading This value is always in dew point degrees C At the OFFSET prompt press the ENT key to view the current offset value X XC The X s represent the current value Use the arrow keys to change the value then press ENT to confirm your entry and return to the Main Menu Note The offset range is 15 DEFAULT Use the defalt sub menu to reset the Series 4 program to its default values Caution Resetting the default values will overwrite all previous settings Use this option only if you have replaced the instrument program At the def
47. ghtedge crosses the moisture content scale Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 25 June 2003 B Special Case cont Note f the saturation concentration at the desired ambient temperature can not be found for any of these special case hydrocarbons the value at any other temperature may be used because K is constant over a large temperature range 3 Find the moisture content in hexane at an ambient temperature of 10 if a dew point of 0 is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a From the literature it is found that for hexane at a temperature of 20 C is 101 PPM y Using a straightedge on Figure A 2 on page A 32 connect the 101 PPMy saturation concentration with the 20 C ambient temperature and read the Henry s Law Constant of 5 75 on the center scale Using the straightedge connect the above K value of 5 75 with the measured dew point of 0 C and read the correct moisture content of 26 PPM where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale 4 Find the moisture content in an unknown organic liquid at an ambient temperature of 50 C if a dew point of 10 C is measured with the GE Panametrics hygrometer a Either perform a Karl Fischer analysis on a sample of the liquid or obtain a dry sample of the liquid Either use the PPMyy determined by the Karl Fischer analysis or add a known amount of water i e 10 PPMy to the dry sample Measure the
48. ied 5 1 Programmable Recorder Outputs eee een ees 5 1 Alarm Relays i eee eret iet eate Aere es 5 1 Alarm Setpoint Accuracy me 5 1 Display AE 5 1 Display Functions i gies east 5 1 Power Requirements lorc ee p pul DAG Mow wae ew n aon 5 1 Temperature iav rati S nsa eh d eoe e aesti m PN 5 1 Warm Up syste db ee nb NG ek nto IN I 5 1 Configurations esos hee etek Rate Gates dee aurea ER et 5 2 Dimensions snb VERO ELE Ea patet eben 5 2 Moisture Measurement e 5 2 Sensor Type sorae eee nM esae LI bd cest ene dea d 5 2 Moisture Probe Compatibility 0 0 0 I 5 2 Moisture Probe Pressure Rating eens 5 2 Dew Frost Point Temperature 5 2 Viii 5 18 94 Table of Contents cont Appendix A Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Introductions ds ee EN 1 Moisture Monitor Hints 2 0 2 a opr nega I e 2 Frese ner 3 PNK ee kl hee ee A 3 Response Time yt ie ssc rudes e ate okt ba whist aisle eles ede ka TENE aad ERE quis A 3 Temperat te err resines ved Ja NG Gea Wis aa A ae a aes A 4 AA A 4 Contamin hts EU ROMS I REED A 5 Non Conductive Particulates 8 8 5 A 5 Conductive P
49. irst select the alarm unit then select high or low and finally enter the alarm trip point At the AL prompt press the ENT key to enter this sub menu dEGF dEGC ALA AL b AL Hi AL Lo Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired unit then press ENT at your selection Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired alarm then press ENT at your selection Use the arrows keys to scroll to either Hi or Lo then press ENT at your selection 3 4 Programming the Series 4 5 18 94 Alarm AL cont 202 0 F X XC Recorder RCRD Note The alarm range limits are as follows 202 0 F to 160 F 130 C to 70 C Use the arrow keys to change the value then press ENT to confirm your entry The X s represent your value Press ESC twice to return to the Main Menu Use the RCRD submenu to enter the recorder units the recorder output signal and the low and high zero and span recorder points At the rcrd prompt press the ENT key to enter this submenu dEGF dEGC Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired units then press ENT at your selection Use the arrows keys to scroll to the recorder output option then press ENT to confirm your selection Use the arrow keys to scroll to the desired output range then press ENT at your selection Programmin
50. lume of carrier gas They all represent a vapor density and are derivable from the vapor pressure of water and the Perfect Gas Laws Referenced to a temperature of 60 F and a pressure of 14 7 psia the following equations may be used to calculate these units mg of water _ 289 x Py 0 4 liter of gas Ib of water Pw E 0 0324 x T 0 5 ft of gas R 6 Ibof water _ 10 xPy VW 0 6 MMSCF of gas 21 1 21 1 x Pr Note MMSCF is an abbreviation for a million standard cubic feet of carrier gas Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 13 June 2003 Weight of Water per Unit Occasionally the moisture content of a gas is expressed in terms of Weight of Carrier Gas the weight of water per unit weight of carrier gas In such a case the unit of measure defined by the following equation is the most commonly used grains of water _ 7000 x My x Pw 0 7 Ib of gas For ambient air at 1 atm of pressure the above equation reduces to the following rains of water ETAS mS us Py 0 8 Ib of gas A 14 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E Table A 1 Vapor Pressure of Water June 2003 GG 11 Note f the dew frost point is known the table will yield the partial water vapor pressure Py in mm of Hg If the ambient or actual gas temperature is known the table will yield the saturated water vapor pressure Ps in mm of Hg Water Vapor Pressure Over Ice T
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52. n be used for both the Karl Fischer titrations of unknown test samples and the preparation of test samples with known moisture content Procedures for both of these techniques are presented below A 28 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 A Instructions for Karl To perform a Karl Fisher analysis use the apparatus in Figure A 3 on Fischer Analysis page A 33 and complete the following steps 1 Fill the glass bottle completely with the sample liquid 2 Close both valves and turn on the magnetic stirrer 3 Permit sufficient time for the entire test apparatus and the sample liquid to reach equilibrium with the ambient temperature Turn on the hygrometer and monitor the dew point reading When a stable dew point reading indicates that equilibrium has been reached record the reading Insert a syringe through the rubber septum and withdraw a fluid sample for Karl Fischer analysis Record the actual moisture content of the sample Open the exhaust valve Open the inlet valve and increase the moisture content of the sample by bubbling wet N through the liquid or decrease the moisture content by bubbling dry through the liquid When the hygrometer reading indicates the approximate moisture content expected close both valves Repeat steps 3 8 until samples with several different moisture contents have been analyzed Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 29 June 2003 E
53. of stainless steel tubing and a small chamber can take an hour or more to dry down from dew points of 5 to 70 C The rate at which the system reaches equilibrium will depend on flow rate temperature materials of construction and system pressure Generally speaking an increase in flow rate and or temperature will decrease the response time of the sample system Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 3 June 2003 Response Time cont Temperature Flow Rate To minimize any adverse affects on response time the preferred materials of construction for moisture monitoring sample systems are stainless steel Teflon and glass Materials to be avoided include rubber elastomers and related compounds The GE Panametrics hygrometer is largely unaffected by ambient temperature However for best results it is recommended that the ambient temperature be at least 10 C higher than the measured dew point up to a maximum of 70 Because an ambient temperature increase may cause water vapor to be desorbed from the walls of the sample system it is possible to observe a diurnal change in moisture concentration for a system exposed to varying ambient conditions In the heat of the day the sample system walls will be warmed by the ambient air and an off gassing of moisture into the process fluid with corresponding increase in measured moisture content will occur The converse will happen during the cooler evening hours This eff
54. or pressure of water at the prevailing temperature mm of Hg Py water vapor pressure at the measured dew point mm of Hg total system pressure mm of Hg Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 11 June 2003 Parts per Million by Volume The water concentration in a system in parts per million by volume is proportional to the ratio of the water vapor partial pressure to the total system pressure P W 6 PPM Py x 10 0 1 In a closed system increasing the total pressure of the gas will proportionally increase the partial pressures of the various components The relationship between dew point total pressure and PPMy is provided in nomographic form in Figure A 1 on page A 20 Note The nomograph shown in Figure 1 on page A 20 is applicable only to gases Do not apply it to liquids To compute the moisture content for any ideal gas at a given pressure refer to Figure A 1 on page A 20 Using a straightedge connect the dew point as measured with the GE Panametrics Hygrometer with the known system pressure Read the moisture content in PPMy where the straightedge crosses the moisture content scale Typical Problems 1 Find the water content in a nitrogen gas stream if a dew point of 20 is measured and the pressure is 60 psig Solution In Figure 1 on page 20 connect 60 psig on the Pressure scale with 20 C on the Dew Frost Point scale Read 200 on the Moisture Content
55. or the recommended cleaning procedure Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 5 June 2003 Conductive Particulates Corrosive Particulates Note Metallic particles carbon particles and conductive liquid droplets are typical of this category Since the hygrometer reading is inversely proportional to the impedance of the sensor a decrease in sensor impedance will cause an increase in the meter reading Thus trapped conductive particles across the sensor leads or on the sensor surface which will decrease the sensor impedance will cause an erroneously high dew point reading The most common particulates of this type are carbon from furnaces iron scale from pipe walls and glycol droplets from glycol based dehydrators If the system contains conductive particulates it is advisable to install a or stainless steel filter in the fluid stream Note Sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide particulates are typical of this category Since the active sensor element is constructed of aluminum any material that corrodes aluminum will deleteriously affect the operation of the moisture probe Furthermore a combination of this type of particulate with water will cause pitting or severe corrosion of the sensor element In such instances the sensor cannot be cleaned or repaired and the probe must be replaced Obviously the standard moisture probe can not be used in such applications unless the complete removal of such
56. ortionally decreased Therefore increasing the pressure on a closed aqueous system will increase the vapor pressure of the water and hence increase the dew point This is not just a mathematical artifact The dew point of a gas with 1000 PPMv of water at 200 psig will be considerably higher than the dew point of a gas with 1000 PPMv of water at 1 atm Gaseous water vapor will actually condense to form liquid water at a higher temperature at the 200 psig pressure than at the 1 atm pressure Thus if the moisture probe is exposed to pressure changes the measured dew point will be altered by the changed vapor pressure of the water It is generally advantageous to operate the hygrometer at the highest possible pressure especially at very low moisture concentrations This minimizes wall effects and results in higher dew point readings which increases the sensitivity of the instrument The response time of the GE Panametrics standard M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensor is very rapid a step change of 63 in moisture concentration will be observed in approximately 5 seconds Thus the observed response time to moisture changes is in general limited by the response time of the sample system as a whole Water vapor is absorbed tenaciously by many materials and a large complex processing system can take several days to dry down from atmospheric moisture levels to dew points of less than 60 Even simple systems consisting of a few feet
57. ow to install the Series 4 electronics In addition this section describes how to make probe s power alarms and recorder connections Chapter 3 Programming the Series 4 explains how to enter measurement and display data into the Series 4 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Maintenance describes common problems that may occur as well as how to replace the user program and how to replace and recalibrate the moisture probe s Chapter 5 Specifications contains the electronic and moisture measurement specifications for the Series 4 Appendix A Application of the Hygrometer details the specifics of moisture measurement calculations In addition moisture probe maintenance and some helpful hints are included Appendix B Outline and Dimension Drawings provides the necessary detailed dimensions for installing the Series 4 easily and properly Appendix C Series 4 Menu Map provides a top level diagram that can be used as a reference for moving through the user program 5 18 94 How to Use This Manual Revision Information Related Documentation Getting Technical Help Typographical Conventions Questions Since this manual is written for a multi user audience each section can be used separately All sections and subsections appear in the order they are to be read Additional or less frequently used information is included in the appendices which are referenced throughout this manual This manual may require up
58. part by adequate filtration is assured A 6 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance Other than periodic calibration checks little or no routine moisture probe maintenance is required However as discussed in the previous section any electrically conductive contaminant trapped on the aluminum oxide sensor will cause inaccurate moisture measurements If such a situation develops return of the moisture probe to the factory for analysis and recalibration is recommended However in an emergency cleaning of the moisture probe in accordance with the following procedure may be attempted by a qualified technician or chemist IMPORTANT Moisture probes must be handled carefully and cannot be cleaned in any fluid which will attack its components The probe s materials of construction are Al 03 nichrome gold stainless steel glass and Viton9 A Also the sensor s aluminum sheet is very fragile and can be easily bent or distorted Do not permit anything to touch it The following items will be needed to properly complete the moisture probe cleaning procedure approximately 300 ml of reagent grade hexane or toluene approximately 300 ml of distilled not deionized water two glass containers to hold above liquids metal containers should not be used To clean the moisture probe complete the following steps 1 Record the dew point of the ambient air 2 Making sure no
59. re content for test samples Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 35 Appendix B Outline and Installation Drawings MTS 4 Interconnection Diagram dwg 702 162 B 1 MTS 4 Outline and Installation Panel Mount dwg 712 903 B 2 m z lt d ALARM OUTPUTS ALARM A QUT RETURN Figure B 1 MTS 4 Interconnection Diagram dwg 702 162 5 18 94 Outline and Installation Drawings B 1 ca uonejesuj pue auno 06 21 2 juno jeueq uonejeisu pue SLN eun6i4 ri PANAMETRICS v NOTES 1 2 DIMENSIONS NCH MM 1 3 1B GHT WEIGHT 6 KG PANEL CUTOUT 76 8 L S Appendix C Series 4 Menu Map 5 18 94 Series 4 Menu Map ESC The illustration below is a top level diagram of the Series 4 menus Once you are familiar with how the Series 4 operates use this diagram as a reference for moving through the user program To enter the programming mode perform the following two steps within five 5 seconds or the Series 4 will time out and return to the measurement mode page 3 1 1 Press and hold the ESC key until ESC displays ENT ESC Submenu Options Once in the main menu keys to scroll through the submenus to program the Series 4 Use this submenu to select one of the three measurement display options page 3 2 use the arrow
60. re of Water Continued Aqueous Vapor Pressure Over Water 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 4 579 4 647 4 715 4 785 4 855 1 4 926 4 998 5 070 5 144 5 219 2 5 294 5 370 5 447 5 525 5 605 3 5 685 5 766 5 848 5 931 6 015 4 6 101 6 187 6 274 6 363 6 453 5 6 543 6 635 6 728 6 822 6 917 6 7 013 7 111 7 209 7 309 7411 7 7 513 7 617 7 122 7 828 7 936 8 8 045 8 155 8 267 8 380 8 494 9 8 609 8 727 8 845 8 965 9 086 10 9 209 9 333 9 458 9 585 9 714 11 9 844 9 976 10 109 10 244 10 380 12 10 518 10 658 10 799 10 941 11 085 13 11 231 11 379 11 528 11 680 11 833 14 11 987 12 144 12 302 12 462 12 624 15 12 788 12 953 13 121 13 290 13 461 16 13 634 13 809 13 987 14 166 14 347 17 14 530 14 715 14 903 15 092 15 284 18 15 477 15 673 15 871 16 071 16 272 19 16 477 16 685 16 894 17 105 17 319 20 17 535 17 753 17 974 18 197 18 422 21 18 650 18 880 19 113 19 349 19 587 22 19 827 20 070 20 316 20 565 20 815 23 21 068 21 324 21 583 21 845 22 110 24 22 377 22 648 22 922 23 198 23 476 25 23 156 24 039 24 326 24 617 24 912 26 25 209 25 509 25 812 26 117 26 426 27 26 739 27 055 27 374 27 696 28 021 28 28 349 28 680 29 015 29 354 29 697 29 30 043 30 392 30 745 31 102 31 461 30 31 824 32 191 32 561 32 934 33 312 31 33 695 34 082 34471 34 864 35 261 32 35 663 36 068 36 477 36 891 37 308 33 37 729 38 155 38 584 39 018 39 457 34 39 898 40 344 40 796 41 251 41 710 35 42 175 42 644 43 117 43 595 44 078 36 44 563 45 054 45 549 46 050 46 556 37 47 067 47 5
61. rvals 5 times those used in the previous cleaning cycle Repeat this procedure until the sensor is in proper calibration A trained laboratory technician should determine if all electrically conductive compounds have been removed from the aluminum oxide sensor and that the probe is properly calibrated Probes which are not in proper calibration must be recalibrated It is recommended that all moisture probes be recalibrated by GE Panametrics approximately once a year regardless of the probe s condition Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Corrosive Gases And Liquids GE Panametrics M Series Aluminum Oxide Moisture Sensors have been designed to minimize the affect of corrosive gases and liquids As indicated in the Materials of Construction section of this appendix no copper solder or epoxy is used in the construction of these sensors The moisture content of corrosive gases such as HS 50 cyanide containing gases acetic acid vapors etc can be measured directly Note Since the active sensor is aluminum any fluid which corrodes aluminum will affect the sensor s performance By observing the following precautions the moisture probe may be used successfully and economically 1 The moisture content of the corrosive fluid must be 10 PPMv or less at 1 atmosphere or the concentration of the corrosive fluid must be 10 PPMv or less at 1 atmosphere 2 The sample system must be pre dried with a dry inert gas s
62. s A 28 EPROM 1 4 4 Index 5 18 94 Index cont M P Maintenance Panel 2 1 Replacing and Recalibrating Probes 4 6 Power Connections 2 8 Maintenance Policy ii 12 Measurement PPMw Calculating A 13 Default 3 7 Pressure Dew Point Range 3 3 Monitoring 3 Reference Values 3 11 Probe Units iem ex mee zer n eee 3 2 3 3 Moisture Measurement Installation 0 0 0 2 cece eee eee 2 2 5 2 Replacing and Recalibrating 4 6 Moisture Probe Wiring 2 3 Cleaning A 7 Probe 2 4 Contaminants A 5 Probes Corrosive Substances A 6 Description 1 2 Gas Flow A 19 Replacing and Recalibrating 4 6 Liquid Flow A 9 Programming Materials of Construction A 10 Main Menu 3 1 Monitoring Hints 1 Submenu Options 3 2
63. ss the ENT key to enter this submenu d p Lo Use the arrow keys to scroll through the options to the desired selection Press d p Hi ENT at your selection to display the current value of the selected range 110 Use the arrow keys to change the value then press ENT to confirm your entry Note The default values are as follows Low 110 High 20 XXX The X s represent your value Press ESC to return to the Main Menu Probe Once the range for the calibration curve has been determined use the PROBE submenu to enter a value for each of the points in the range Note The point automatically increases in increments of 10 C Programming the Series 4 3 3 5 18 94 Probe cont At the Probe prompt press the ENT key to view the first point in the curve 110 0 1890 Press ENT again to display the current MH value for that point Use the arrow keys to change the value then press ENT to confirm your entry Note 7o increase or decrease the value more than one digit at a time press and hold down the appropriate arrow key X XXXX 20 The X s represent your value Use the arrow keys to move to the next point in the curve Once you ve entered a value for each point press ESC to return to the Main Menu Alarm AL The Series 4 has two optional alarms each of which can be configured as high or low To program the alarms f
64. ssociated with moisture monitoring sample systems include the moisture content value changes as the total gas pressure changes the measurement response time is very slow the dew point changes as the fluid temperature changes the dew point changes as the fluid flow rate changes A 2 Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Moisture Monitor Hints cont Pressure Response Time GE Panametrics hygrometers measure only water vapor pressure In addition the instrument has a very rapid response time and it is not affected by changes in fluid temperature or fluid flow rate If any of the above situations occur then they are almost always caused by a defect in the sample system The moisture sensor itself can not lead to such problems GE Panametrics hygrometers can accurately measure dew points under pressure conditions ranging from vacuums as low as a few microns of mercury up to pressures of 5000 psig The calibration data supplied with the moisture probe is directly applicable over this entire pressure range without correction Note Although the moisture probe calibration data is supplied as meter reading vs dew point it is important to remember that the moisture probe responds only to water vapor pressure When a gas is compressed the partial pressures of all the gaseous components are proportionally increased Conversely when a gas expands the partial pressures of the gaseous components are prop
65. t to touch the sensor carefully remove the protective shield from the sensor 3 Soak the sensor in the distilled water for ten 10 minutes Be sure to avoid contact with the bottom and the walls of the container 4 Remove the sensor from the distilled water and soak it in the clean container of hexane or toluene for ten 10 minutes Again avoid all contact with the bottom and the walls of the container 5 Remove the sensor from the hexane or toluene and place it face up in a low temperature oven set at 50 2 122 F 4 for 24 hours Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 7 June 2003 Aluminum Oxide Probe Maintenance cont 6 Repeat steps 3 5 for the protective shield During this process swirl the shield in the solvents to ensure the removal of any contaminants that may have become embedded in the porous walls of the shield Carefully replace probe s protective shield making sure not to touch the sensor Connect the probe cable to the probe and record the dew point of the ambient air as in step 1 Compare the two recorded dew point readings to determine if the reading after cleaning is a more accurate value for the dew point of the ambient atmosphere If the sensor is in proper calibration 2 accuracy reinstall the probe in the sample cell and proceed with normal operation of the hygrometer 10 If the sensor is not in proper calibration repeat steps 1 9 using time inte
66. ted circuit on sensor Sensor is contaminated with conductive particles refer to A2 2 Improper cable connection Open circuit on sensor Non conductive material is trapped under contact arm of sensor Improper cable connection Slow outgassing of system Sensor is contaminated with non conductive particles refer to A2 1 Action Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall sensor Run dry gas over sensor surface If high reading persists then probe is probably shorted and should be returned to the factory for evaluation Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall sensor Check the cable connections to both the probe and the Series 4 Return the probe to the factory for evaluation Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall the sensor If the low reading persists return the probe to the factory for evaluation Check the cable connections to both the probe and the Series 4 Replace the system components with stainless steel or electro polished stainless steel Clean the sensor and the sensor shield as described in Section A3 2 in Appendix A Then reinstall the sensor Troubleshooting and Maintenance 4 3 5 18 94 EC Replacing the User The user program is stored on an EPROM Erasable Programmable Program Read Onl
67. the piping system and trapped moisture from fittings valves filters etc Although these sources may cause the measured dew point to be higher than expected it is the actual dew point of the system at the time of measurement One of the major advantages of the GE Panametrics hygrometer is that it can be used for in situ measurements i e the sensor element is designed for installation directly within the region to be measured As a result the need for complex sample systems that include extensive piping manifolds gas flow regulators and pressure regulators is eliminated or greatly reduced Instead a simple sample system to reduce the fluid temperature filter contaminants and facilitate sensor removal is all that is needed Whether the sensor is installed in situ or in a remote sampling system the accuracy and speed of measurement depend on the piping system and the dynamics of the fluid flow Response times and measurement values will be affected by the degree of equilibrium reached within system Factors such as gas pressure flow rate materials of construction length and diameter of piping etc will greatly influence the measured moisture levels and the response times Assuming that all secondary sources of moisture have been eliminated and the sample system has been allowed to come to equilibrium then the measured dew point will equal the actual dew point of the process fluid Some of the most frequently encountered problems a
68. the unit off If the Series 4 is turned off while in the programming mode all data entered will be lost Programming the Series 4 3 11 5 18 94 Submenu Options Exit the Programming Mode cont At any Submenu prompt press ESC run busy Press ENT to exitthe programming mode and return to the measurement mode Programming the Series 4 Chapter 4 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 4 1 Common 5 4 2 Replacing the User 4 4 Replacing and Recalibrating the Moisture Probes 4 6 5 18 94 Introduction The Moisture Target Series 4 is designed to be maintenance and trouble free however because of process conditions and other factors minor problems may occur Some of the most common problems and procedures are discussed in this section If you can not find the information you need in this section please consult Panametrics Caution Do not attempt to troubleshoot the Series 4 beyond the instructions in this section If you do you may damage the unit and void the warranty This section includes the following information Common Problems Replacing the User Program Replacing and Recalibrating the Moisture Probes Troubleshooting and Maintenance 4 1 5 18 94 Common Problems If the Seri
69. ticles salts rust particles polymerized substances organic liquid droplets dust particles molecular sieve particles alumina dust For convenience the above particulates have been divided into three broad categories Refer to the appropriate section for a discussion of their affect on the GE Panametrics moisture probe Note Molecular sieve particles organic liquid droplets and oil droplets are typical of this category In general the performance of the moisture probe will not be seriously hindered by the condensation of non conductive non corrosive liquids However a slower response to moisture changes will probably be observed because the contaminating liquid barrier will decrease the rate of transport of the water vapor to the sensor and reduce its response time Particulate matter with a high density and or a high flow rate may cause abrasion or pitting of the sensor surface This can drastically alter the calibration of the moisture probe and in extreme cases cause moisture probe failure A stainless steel shield is supplied with the moisture probe to minimize this effect but in severe cases it is advisable to install a Teflon or stainless steel filter in the fluid stream On rare occasions non conductive particulate material may become lodged under the contact arm of the sensor creating an open circuit If this condition is suspected refer to the Probe Cleaning Procedure section of this appendix f
70. uch as nitrogen or argon prior to introduction of the fluid stream Any adsorbed atmospheric moisture on the sensor will react with the corrosive fluid to cause pitting or corrosion of the sensor 3 The sample system must be purged with a dry inert gas such as nitrogen or argon prior to removal of the moisture probe Any adsorbed corrosive fluid on the sensor will react with ambient moisture to cause pitting or corrosion of the sensor 4 Operate the sample system at the lowest possible gas pressure Using the precautions listed above the hygrometer has been used to successfully measure the moisture content in such fluids as hydrochloric acid sulfur dioxide chlorine and bromine Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E A 9 June 2003 Materials of Construction M1 and M2 Sensors Electrical Connector Sensor Element Back Wire Contact Wire Front Wire Support Pins Glass Shell O Ring Threaded Fitting O Ring Cage Shield 99 99 aluminum aluminum oxide gold Nichrome A6 316 stainless steel gold 304 stainless steel 316 stainless steel Glass Corning 9010 Al 152 Alloy 52 Ni Corning 9010 304L stainless steel silicone rubber 304 stainless steel Viton A 308 stainless steel 304 stainless steel Application of the Hygrometer 900 901E June 2003 Calculations and Useful Formulas in Gas Applications Nomenclature A knowledge of the d
71. uctions and precautions Follow the steps below to install the probe into the sample cell 1 Insert the probe into the sample cell so it is perpendicular to the sample inlet 2 Screw the probe into the receptacle fitting making sure not to cross the threads 3 Tighten the probe securely Figure 2 2 on the next page shows a typical probe installation with the probe mounted into a sample cell Note For maximum protection of the aluminum oxide sensor the stainless steel end cap should always be left in place 2 2 Installing the Series 4 5 18 94 Installing the Probe into the Sample System cont Sample Cell Figure 2 2 Typical Probe Installation Making Wiring Making wiring connections to the Series 4 consists of the following Connections procedures Connecting the probe Connecting the recorder output Connecting the alarms Connecting the unit to a power source Connecting the Probe The probe must be connected to the Series 4 with a continuous run of Panametrics two wire shielded cable see Figure 2 3 below FOIL SHIELD REO REO BARE GRN GRN FOIL SHIELD Figure 2 3 Two Wire Shielded Cable Installing the Series 4 2 3 5 18 94 Connecting the Probe cont Protect cables from excessive strain bending pulling etc Do not subject cables to temperatures above 65 C 149 F or below 50 C 58 F Standard cable assemblies including connectors can be ordered from
72. unt and protected with a sintered stainless steel shield see Figure 1 2 below Other types of shields are available Figure 1 2 The M Series Probe Proceed to the following section for installation instructions 1 2 Features and Capabilities Chapter 2 Installing the Series 4 Getting Started erre xx aav 2 1 Mounting the Unit and Sample System 2 1 Installing the Probe into the Sample System 2 2 Making Wiring Connections 2 3 5 18 94 Getting Started Mounting the Unit and Sample System Mounting the Unit Installing the Series 4 consists of the following procedures mounting the unit and the sample system installing the probe into the sample system wiring the probe recorder output and alarm connections to the back of the unit Follow the instructions below to mount the Series 4 and the sample system Standard Panel Mount The standard Series 4 panel mount unit is designed for mounting into a rectangular cutout on most panels up to one inch thick See Appendix B for outline and installation drawings Follow the instructions below to mount the standard Series 4 1 Remove the two clip on mounting brackets see Figure 2 1 below 2 Place the Series 4 through the cutout in your panel 3 Replace the two mounting brackets 4 Use screwdriver to secure the mounting brackets to the panel E UST
73. us at 781 894 8582 attention Technical Publications Department Call us at 1 800 833 9438 within the U S A or 617 899 2746 outside the U S A and ask for the Technical Publications Department Notes trademark exclusively by Cajon Company Copyright by Panametrics 1994 5 18 94 Table of Contents Chapter 1 Features amp Capabilities Introduction to the Series 4 RR les 1 1 Electronics Unit aude hove Re eee psc hs eee s ead daw ated dex ed 1 1 Shee a Ra uice Ot E hue uiu ac te 1 2 Chapter 2 Installing the Series 4 Getting Started ss acs aaah kaa Yna Ge Hae ical a BAM UA UR SUR Eod EAR 2 1 Mounting the Unit and Sample 2 1 Mounting the Units d nebat stus e eene euet tor ettet pe Dice b pd 2 1 Mounting the Sample System 88 8 5 2 2 Installing the Probe into the Sample 2 2 Making Wiring 2 3 Connecting the Probe 5 5 2t t Ned RSEN erg eda 2 3 Connecting the Recorder Output 2 2 5 Connecting the Alarms some celu ERR EUR RU FD A ERN gie 2 7 Connecting Power een d se Ae eh ee ga dh e gre ges Ka 2 8 Chapter 3 Programming the Series 4 Programming
74. y Memory chip The chip is embedded on the controller board which is located inside the Series 4 electronics unit In order to replace the user program you must remove the controller board and replace the EPROM Record all data before replacing the EPROM A Removing the Controller Board 1 Turn the power off and unplug the unit 2 Discharge static from your body Caution EPROMSs can be damaged by static electricity 3 Open the Series 4 enclosure by removing the screws on the back panel 4 Remove the controller board by pulling it straight out B Replacing the EPROM 1 Use Figure 4 1 to locate the EPROM on the controller board The EPROM is labeled U20 2 Usea chip puller to remove the EPROM If you do not have a chip puller use a small screwdriver to wedge the chip out of its mounting Once you remove the EPROM make sure none of the legs of the EPROM are stuck in the socket Caution EPROMSs can be damaged by static electricity Observe static precaution when handling EPROMs 3 Place the new EPROM in the socket labeled U20 making sure that the notch on the EPROM matches the notch on the socket See Figure 4 1 on the next page 4 Make sure the legs of the EPROM fit into the socket If they do not gently remove the EPROM Place the EPROM on its side each side of the EPROM has legs on a flat surface then gently tilt the EPROM to bend the legs slightly inward 4 4 Troubleshooting and Maintenance 5 18 9

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