Distributor Training Program Thermal Imaging
Contents
1. a N Therma in imag C CIS SP gt Distributor ln EEg slls e Fluke Academy of Certified Training Program i FLUKE Product Knowledge Thermal Imaging Thermal Imaging is the science of using thermal cameras to help us locate problems in their early stages often before they can be seen or found in any other way What is infrared thermography E m mom m m m m m OCC Sta 8 s Y Thermal cameras are instruments that create pictures of heat rather than light They measure infrared IR energy and convert the data to corresponding images of temperature A temperature difference usually an abnor mal hot spot is typically associated with a problem due to high electrical resistance or excessive friction The look feel and operation of thermographic cameras are similar to a digital camera with one key difference instead of CCD sensors charge coupled device most thermal imaging cameras today use microbolometer arrays Their resolu tion is considerably lower than digital cameras commonly only 160 x 120 or 320 x 240 pixels When looking for a thermal imager select one that is fully radiometric This means that each pixel is recording temperature values which can be recalled later in software Page 1 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge Non contact infrared imagers provide fast safe accurate measurements for objects that are e Moving or very hot2. Heat Transfer Heat energy moves from the warmer areas to the cooler ones until there is thermal equilibrium Heat energy moves to the surface and then to our camera by a complex dynamic means that may include conduction convection and radiation Conduction is direct heat flow through matter resulting from actual physical contact Convection is the transport of heat within a gas or liquid Radiation is the transmission of electromagnetic rays through space as the speed of light Emissivity and Reflectivity Fluke Not just infrared Emissivity is a measure of a material s ability to absorb and radiate energy Infrared you can use ma e A true black body is close to a perfect emitter of thermal energy Materials are assigned emissivity values between O and 1 0 Most organic materials such as paints plastics electrical tape fabrics and food have an emissivity value Fluke Corporation PO Box 9090 Everett WA USA 98206 For more information call Deor eu In the U S A 800 443 5853 or The emissivity value of bare metals is considerably lower near O and considered thermal reflectors Fax 425 446 5116 nu In Canada 800 36 FLUKE or Thermal Imaging Applications Fax 905 890 6866 Electricians and maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and conductors which often can be Web access http www fluke com indicative of bigger electrical problems 2009 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Building
3. Difficult to reach Impossible to shut off Dangerous to contact Where contact would damage contaminate or change temperature Discovery of the infrared spectrum On March 13 1781 while scanning the skies with a 7 inch reflecting telescope Fried rich Wilhelm Herschel better known as Sir William Herschel 1738 1822 observed an unusual object Thinking he had discovered a comet it soon became apparent he was looking at a planet never before seen Uranus In his continuing search for an optical filter material to reduce the sun s image in telescopes during solar observations he discovered infrared radia tion By passing sunlight through a prism and holding a thermometer just beyond the red end of the visible spectrum he observed a temperature increase confirming the existence of an invisible form of light known today as infrared wavelengths Heat transfer When there is a temperature difference between two objects or when an object changes temperature heat energy moves from the warmer areas to the cooler ones until there is thermal equilibrium Heat energy moves to the surface and then to our camera by a complex dynamic means that may include conduction convec tion and radiation Product Knowledge Thermal Tearc te llars What you will learn in this module e What is infrared thermography e Discovery of the Infrared Spectrum Heat transfer Thermal Imaging Applic
4. crisp images needed to find problems fast e Identify even small temperature differences that could indicate problems with excellent thermal sensitivity NETD Intuitive three button menu is easy to use simply navigate with the push of a thumb No need to carry pen and paper record findings by speaking into the camera Voice annotations can be recorded with every image you take Voice comments are saved along with individual images for future reference Ti25 only Everything needed to get started is included Adjustable hand strap for left or right handed use e Manufactured in the U S A Typical applications Preventive maintenance Identify electrical and mechanical problems before they cause failure e Industrial troubleshooting Use infrared to assist in the troubleshooting of system failures or equipment performance issues Process monitoring Real time observation to ensure efficient and safe operation Power Utilities inspection and analysis of substation equipment and transformers Ti40FT and Ti45FT IR FlexCam Thermal Imagers The Fluke Ti4x models feature everything needed for virtually every thermography task With a 160 x 120 detector and a temperature sensitivity to 0 08 C NETD they deliver high resolution images where even the smallest temperature differences can be seen The units are extremely easy to use through the Windows CE menu structure and offer an ex
5. 3 RE E 699 EP isa E EST FE ERG FRI ET Fluke Academy of Certified Training be optimized for maximum communication value adjusting imagery within IR Fusion s five display modes perform sophisticated analysis and produce professional reports quickly and easily SmartView s comprehen sive reporting tools are fully customizable Fluke SmartView IR analysis and reporting software Fluke SmartView software is included with each Fluke thermal imager This power ful software is a modular suite of tools that annotates views optimizes and analyzes IR images It also generates fully customiz able and professional looking reports in a few easy steps The IR Fusion technology is fully supported The software is easy to use for maintenance personnel yet delivers the performance specialized thermographers require for advanced analysis and reporting B You don t need to be a computer genius to get the most out of SmartView software Image viewing and editing Displays an array of open images for conve nient selection and analysis e A simple mouse click displays the tempera ture at any given point Color palettes reference images markers and emissivity can be edited Extensive annotation possibilities Add annotations to images in the camera or in the PC software Input information such as locations cate gory and other notes e Reference images can be linked together for good bad and before after
6. Ti4xFT models feature everything needed for virtually any thermography task All Fluke FlexCam Thermal Imagers come standard with the patent pending Fluke R Fusion Technology fusing visual visible light images with infrared images e SmartView IR analysis and reporting software is included with each purchase along with free software upgrades for the life of your product e The Ti4xFT models feature 160 x 120 detectors and temperature sensitivity NETD down to 0 08 C 80 mk in the higher end model e The TibxFT models feature 320 x 240 detectors and temperture sensitivity NETD down to 0 05 C 50 mK in the higher end model Choose Fluke FlexCam Thermal Imagers when you need industry leading thermal sensitivity for high reso lution ultra high quality images They come with everything you need to get started including Heavy duty carrying case 2 rechargeable battery packs Fluke Not just infrared battery charger Infrared you can use ac adapter for Ti45FT and Ti55FT only ideo cable Fluke Corporation PO Box 9090 Everett WA USA 98206 1 GB compact flash card For more information call compact flash card reader and USB cable In the U S A 800 443 5853 or neck strap Fax 425 446 5116 In Canada 800 36 FLUKE or s printed getting started guide Fax 905 890 6866 e SmartView reporting and analysis software on CD Web access http www fluke com complete user manual on CD 2009 Fluke Corporation Al
7. analysis e Annotations can be included in reports Detailed analysis and total image control Contrast and detail can be easily adjusted to display more effectively by altering the palettes and adjusting level span A complete set of marker tools are provided Hot Cold Center Point Center Box etc Five viewing modes enable image optimi zation based on application needs IR Fusion models only Page 4 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge FLUKE Simplified report generation Generate professional customized reports fast One click report generation for a quick result Choice of features including before after IR plus visible light annotations supporting data and graphics Report wizard guides the user through report generation zd geo U o1 Knowledge Thermal Imaging Chapter Summary Ti25 and Ti10 Thermal Imagers The Ti25 and TilO thermal imagers are the most rugged reliable and easy to use imagers in the market today Equipped with IR Fusion technology they are the perfect tools for everyday industrial and commercial troubleshooting and maintenance activities They come with everything you need to get started including AC power supply battery charger including mains adapters e 2GB SD memory card SD card reader USB for downloading images into your computer e omartView software with free software upgrades for life rugged hard carrying case
8. andard on most Fluke thermal imager models Product Knowledge Thermal Imaging 5 viewing modes Full IR For troubleshooting and analyz ing equipment and installations with very high resolution IR imaging For detecting the smallest temperature variations to track down the origin of problems and fully document the extent of remediation Full IR images are automatically linked to full visible light images Picture in Picture For creating an IR window surrounded by a visible light frame to easily identify thermal anomalies while maintaining a frame of reference with surroundings Alpha Blending For combining visible and infrared images together in any ratio to create a single image with enhanced detail that will help in precisely locating problems IR Visible Alarm For displaying only temperatures that fall above below or in between a specified range as IR image leaving the rest of the scene as a fully visible light image Full Visible Light A bright detailed pixel for pixel reference image of subject areas for documentation and reporting Not all models have all viewing modes Please consult technical data sheets for specific information The real power behind IR Fusion is the smartView software Capture and annotate hundreds of corresponding visible and infrared images in the field and quickly import them into the SmartView suite Here the images can Iscr SZ M i FESTE EE E5
9. ations Iscr SAM I Le F8 E RE E 699 ER EE E875 889 E EST FE ERG FRI ET Fluke Academy of Certified Training Conduction is direct heat flow through mat ter resulting from actual PHYSICAL CONTACT For instance if one end of an iron rod is heat ed the heat travels by conduction through the metal to the other end Fourier s Law named after the French physicist Joseph Fourier de scribes this phenomenon known as conduc tion heat transfer Convection is the transport of heat within a gas or liquid warm air cool air Warm air such as smoke rises while colder air sinks the same is true for liquids cold fluids being less buoyant tend to sink In addition as liquids evaporate they draw heat energy from their surroundings something to keep in mind when imaging a surface Newton s Law of Cooling states that for a body cooling in a draft i e by forced convec tion such as the wind blowing the rate of heat loss is proportional to the difference in temper atures between the body and its surroundings A 10 mph wind can reduce the temperature difference by up to 1 2 A 15 mph wind can reduce the delta temperature by up to 2 3 Bottom line always consider the effect of Page 2 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge FLUKE o wind blowing across a surface making it appear cooler than its actual temperature Radiation is the transmission of electromag netic rays through space at the speed of ligh
10. construction technicians can see heat leaks where thermal insulation becomes faulty to Printed in U S A Phase 1 Module 4 Rev 2 improve the efficiencies of HVAC systems Page 4 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge FLUKE Product Knowledge Thermal Imaging Find problems faster and reduce unplanned downtime with the ultimate tools for troubleshooting preventive and predictive maintenance Fluke offers a complete range of handheld thermal imagers ranging from the popular and affordable TilO and Ti25 to the high precision Fluke IR FlexCam Series that delivers the largest and sharpest images in the industry The Ti25 and Ti1O thermal imag ers are designed for everyday troubleshooting maintenance and infrared inspection work whereas the IR FlexCam Series is designed for Predictive Maintenance PdM experts process engineers and consultants who need the best thermal imager available The solution for industrial maintenance applications Built for the industry Fluke Ti Series Thermal Imagers can carry out inspections anytime anywhere and anyplace In fact thermal imagers can be used anywhere temperature plays an indicating role Some industry applications are Electrical power distribution systems Three phase systems Overhead power cables Distribution panels Fuses wiring and connections e Power utility Page 1 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge Electro mechanical equipment e Moto
11. epair schedules minimizing uplanned downtime Power utilities Inspection and analysis of substations transmission lines and equipment Process monitoring Real time observation to ensure efficient and safe operation Research and Development Quantify heat patterns to improve product designs Electronic design Close up circuit board analysis Large sharp thermal images Thanks to the largest display five inch available on this type of thermal imager in combination with low noise VOx sensors the Fluke IR FlexCam units produce exception ally high quality images making even the smallest temperature differences visible This is comparable with images normally only obtained on far more expensive instruments A sharp image in every situation The innovative 180 articulating lens makes it possible to view and capture images in areas with poor accessibility The display remains clearly visible while viewing over high objects under a machine or around immoveable obstructions The SmartFocus lens simplifies getting a stable and sharp image i ptos opes pesos in edes Fluke Academy of Certified Training Make anomalies visible Thanks to built in functions like AutoCapture the IR FlexCam Thermal Imagers help to troubleshoot difficult problems The instru ment is easily set up to automatically capture only those images where a temperature limit is exceeded This way difficult to find interm
12. face to the radiation emitted by a known material called a blackbody at the same temperature A true black body would have an e as close to a perfect emitter of thermal energy while any real object would have e lt 1 It is therefore a measure of a material s ability to emit infrared energy Materials are assigned an emissivity value between O and 1 0 Most organic materials such as paints plastics electrical tape fabrics and food have an emissivity value near 0 95 The emissivity value of bare metals is consid erably lower near O and considered thermal reflectors This makes measuring shiny Page 3 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge buss bars difficult Emissivity depends on factors such as surface material temperature emission angle and wavelength Imaging a surface below 6 emissivity is not recom mended Thermal Imaging Applications Electricians and maintenance technicians locate overheating joints and conductors a telltale sign of their failure to eliminate potential hazards Building construction technicians can see heat leaks where thermal insulation becomes faulty to improve the efficiencies of HVAC systems Firefighters use thermal imagers to see through smoke find persons and localize hotspots of fires Ther mal imaging cameras are installed in many luxury cars to aid the driver with thermal detection in the dark to help avoid obstacles FLUKE o Product Knowledge Thermal Imagin
13. g Fluke Academy of Certified Training FLUKE wd ole U o1 Test your knowledge Knowledge 1 A temperature difference is typically associated with a problem due to A high electrical resistance B excessive friction C both A and B D neither A nor B 2 Heat energy moves to the surface and then to the camera by a complex dy namic means that may include A conduction convection and osmosis B metamorphosis C conduction convection and capacitance D conduction convection and radiation 3 Conduction is direct heat flow A within a gas or liquid B through matter resulting from physical contact C through space at the speed of light D None of the above 4 If an imager is each pixel is recording temperature values that can be recalled later in software Thermal Imaging Z lt gt A IE A fully radiometric B automatic bel Gada aril dct C parabolic D None of the above Fluke Academy er Y ae az 2 Certified Training Chapter Summary What is Infrared Thermography Thermographers use thermal cameras to help locate problems in their early stages often before they can be seen or found any other way A temperature difference usually an abnormal hot spot is typically associated with a problem due to high electrical resistance or excesssive friction e A thermal imager that is fully radiometric records values from each pixel which can be recalled later in software
14. ittent problems can be captured and analyzed quicker by concentrating only on the images containing the anomalies Analysis and reporting comes standard The SmartView software supplied with the unit includes a complete range of infrared image viewing analysis annotation and opti mization tools It even allows for the creation of professional reports that can be customized to accommodate specific company require ments like layout formatting and content Sharp high resolution thermal images The Fluke IR FlexCam is available with differ ent detector sizes temperature ranges and thermal sensitivities to meet every image quality requirement All Fluke thermal imagers are fully radio metric Measurement data for thousands of individual sensor points are stored All these data points can be used for analysis and reporting on the imager or in the software supplied with each instrument Fluke Corporation Page 3 FACT Product Knowledge FLUKE IR Fusion Technology Infrared and visible light images fused together on one display See things both ways infrared and visual visible light images fused together communicating criti cal information faster and easier traditional infrared images are no longer enough Fluke led the way in the development and use of IR Fusion and the industry followed Both visible and infrared images allow you to communicate exactly where potential savings can be gained IR Fusion is st
15. l rights reserved Printed in U S A Phase 3 Module 8 Rev 2 Page 5 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge NEG za v e b In 5 p i n x j Hii U ul Fluke Keeping your world up and running Fluke Corporation PO Box 9090 Everett WA USA 98206 Fluke Europe B V PO Box 1186 5602 BD Eindhoven The Netherlands For more information call In the U S A 800 443 5853 or Fax 425 446 5116 In Europe M East Africa 31 0 40 2675 200 or Fax 31 0 40 2675 222 In Canada 800 36 FLUKE or Fax 905 890 6866 From other countries 1 425 446 5500 or Fax 1 425 446 5116 Web access http www fluke com 2009 Fluke Corporation Specifications subject to change without notice Printed in U S A 1 2009 FACT Distributor Training Program C EN N Rev A
16. ows a highly emis sive dark coated surface on the left compared to a highly polished surface on the right The a ESS Fluke Academy of Certified Training apparant temperature of the coated side is over 340 F while the highly polished reflec tive side appears to be under 135 F The coated side has higher emissivity than the polished side This means the coated side has higher efficiency as a radiator than polished reflective metal and the metal has higher reflectivity than the coated side and is more efficient as an infrared mirror Thus the coated side will indicate the target temperature more closely The polished metal may indicate the background temperature or that which is reflected off the smooth surface rather than the actual temperature of the surface of the iron This is an extremely important concept Thermographers see targets exhibiting this emissivity contrast behavior every day It could be an insulated electric cable with a bare metal lug connections or aluminum bus bars It could be a bare metal nameplate on a painted surface such as an oil filled circuit breaker or load tap changer It could be a piece of electrical tape placed by the ther mographer on the bus bar to enable a decent reading The list is long Emissivity e Emissivity is a measure of a material s ability to absorb and radiate energy It is calculated through the ratio of radiation emitted by a sur
17. rs and pumps Bearings pulleys and belts Product Knowledge Process monitoring e Process control equipment Tanks pipes valves steam traps and vessels Facility maintenance e HVAC systems Buildings and roofs Other Electronic design e And many more Thermal Imaging What you will learn Ti25 and Ti10 The Ultimate tools 40 HS EMD Ge for troubleshooting and maintenance E e Features and benefits IR Fusion Technology e SmartView IR analysis and reporting software The perfect tools to add to your problem solving arsenal Built for tough work environ ments these high performance fully radio metric imagers are ideal for troubleshooting electrical installations electro mechanical equipment process equipment HVAC R equipment and others Fluke Ti25 and TilO imagers come with enhanced problem detection and analysis capabilities with IR Fusion Technology simply scroll through the different view ing modes quickly to better identify trouble areas in Full IR thermal picture in picture or automatic blend visual and thermal images Optimized for field use in harsh work environments Engineered and tested to withstand a 2 m 6 5 ft drop When was the last time you dropped a tool e Withstands dust and water tested to an IP54 rating w A eak im oi MMi TES E E a RETE ES ER ET IS ER ES RET EE S FT ESTIS Fluke Academy of Certified Training Delivers the clear
18. soft transport bag hand strap users manual e warranty registration card TUA p Fluke Academy of Certified Training e interactive training DVD FLUKE o Test your knowledge Product Knowledge 1 All Fluke imagers are the image and associated measurement data is stored for later analysis A fully radiotonic B fully radiometric Thermal C fully telemetric i m ag i n g D fully radiomasonic 2 The Fluke Ti5OFT and Ti55FT IR FlexCam Thermal Imagers are the professional s choice when demanding the highest sensitivity because they feature A 320 x 240 detectors B lt 0 05 C NETD for high resolution C a 60 Hz detector acquisition rate D all of the above 3 IR Fusion Technology A links a real world visual image with a thermal image B powers the instrument for years and years without batteries C holds the instrument together instead of screws D links voice recordings with thermal images 4 Fluke SmartView IR analysis and reporting software is included with each Fluke thermal imager license free with the purchase of each imager A true B false C at an extra price a eee 8 a EB ET ER S E E E ETE E PE ES ER Fluke Academy of D don t know Certified Training Yvyve dazani Chapter Summary continued Ti40FT Ti45FT Ti50FT Ti55FT FlexCam Thermal imagers The expert s choice for problem solving and preventive predictive maintenance The Fluke Ti5xFT and
19. t 186 000 miles second and like radio waves is invisible Product Knowledge Thermal Imaging Each material that has a temperature above absolute zero 460 F emits infrared radia tion including the sun icebergs stoves or radiators humans animals furniture ceilings walls floors etc Visible Radio Microwaves Infrared Ultraviolet H ray Gamma Ray Low Frequency VAAN AAANNINM High Frequency NAAN ANNAN Mil UV AA li M PULL Short Wavelength WRBNUBNBNRUN YV U V U V V Long Wavelength Infrared radiation is just one form of elec tromagnetic radiation Gamma rays X rays ultraviolet visual light and radio wave are also forms of electromagnetic radiation The only difference among them is their wavelength and the quantity of energy they transfer The art of thermography involves an under standing of surface properties and their ability to give up or reflect thermal energy Radiation is neither transmitted absorbed or reflected perfectly by any material Two or three phenomena are occuring at once and together must add up to the whole As an example we can see through a window transmission but we can also see reflections in the window at the same time We also know that glass absorbs a small portion of the radiation because the sun heats the glass itself For a typical window 9096 of the light radiation is transmitted 796 is reflected and 3 is absorbed The image of the iron sh
20. tended troubleshooting feature set to allow on the spot analysis in the field NETD stands for Noise Equivalent Tempera ture Difference Bottom line the lower the spec the greater the thermal sensitivity Typical applications Preventive maintenance Identify electri cal and mechanical problems before they cause failure Page 2 Fluke Corporation FACT Product Knowledge FLUKE Industrial troubleshooting Use infrared to assist in the troubleshooting of system failures or equipment performance issues e Quality control Examine prototypes and refine thermal management designs Process monitoring Real time observation to ensure efficient and safe operation Product Knowledge Thermal TiSOFT and Ti55FT IR FlexCam esrzre go Thermal Imagers The professional s choice for applications demanding the highest performance Choose the Fluke Ti5x models when you need the best images They feature 320 x 240 detectors with industry leading thermal sensitivity lt 0 05 C NETD for high resolution ultra high quality images In addition with a 60 Hz detector acquisition rate temperatures are displayed live on the large 5 inch diagonal color display Typical applications Preventive maintenance Identify electri cal and mechanical problems before they cause failure Predictive maintenance trend equipment performance with infrared inspections over time to determine optimum maintenance and r
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