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1. 2 0 Time and temperature control a The space heating and hot water circuits should be provided with independent time control b Independent temperature control of the hot water circuit should be implemented with a cylinder thermostat and a timing device wired such that when there is no demand for hot water both the pump and circulator are switched off 3 0 Zoning a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones with independent time controls one of which is assigned to the living area b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones with independent time and temperature control 2 5 Gas fired fixed independent space heating appliances Fixed independent space heating appliances may be installed as a means of primary or secondary space heating Gas fired fixed independent appliances for primary space heating Where gas fired fixed independent space heating appliances in new and existing dwellings are provided as the primary heat source a The appliance should be one of the types described in Table 8 b The efficiency of the appliance gross calorific value should be not less than 63 70 net 21 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition c The appliance manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance should include the following stratement and information The effi
2. a follow the guidance in Building Standards Division Domestic Ventilation Guide http Awww scotland gov uk T opics BuiltEnvironment Building Buildingstandards te chbooks techhandbooks domventquide b meet the minimum standards for specific fan power heat recovery efficiency and controls in Table 34 and c comply with European Commission Regulation No 327 2011 implementing Directive 2009 125 EC with regard to ecodesign requirements for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW Table 34 Recommended minimum standards for mechanical ventilation systems Minimum standard 1 0 Fan power Mechanical ventilation systems should be designed to minimise electric fan power The specific fan power SFP should be no worse than i 0 5 W I s for intermittent extract ventilation systems ii 0 7 W I s for continuous extract ventilation systems iii 0 5 W I s for continuous supply ventilation systems iv 1 5 W I s for continuous supply and extract with heat recovery ventilation systems 2 0 Heat recovery The heat recovery efficiency of balanced mechanical ventilation systems efficiency incorporating heat recovery should be no worse than 70 3 0 Controls Controls may be manual i e operated by the occupant or automatic Supplementary information GPG 268 Energy efficient ventilation in dwellings a guide for specifiers British and European Standards BS EN
3. 5 3 Central heating systems using certain types of solid fuel appliances This section provides guidance on the following types of solid fuel appliance used to deliver primary heating as part of a central heating system e batch fed open fires with high output boilers appliance types D1 to D4 in Table 21 e batch fed and automatic feed room heaters and stoves with boilers appliance type F in Table 21 e batch fed cookers with boilers appliance type G2 in Table 21 e batch fed independent boilers and automatic feed anthracite wood log wood pellet and wood chip fired independent boilers appliance types J1 to J5 in Table 21 Unless stated otherwise the guidance applies equally to appliances that burn wood wood pellets house coal manufactured smokeless fuels and anthracite For central heating systems with a solid fuel appliance installed as part of a new system or as a replacement component in an existing system a the appliance should be from HETAS categories D F G and J in Table 21 and have a minimum efficiency gross calorific value which is not less than the value specified for its category b the ratio of room heat to water heat should be appropriate for the room and total property This will require reference to installation practice guidelines and calculation of room and property heat loss Advice on this is given in the HETAS Guide and website c circulation fuel storage hot water storage system preparation water t
4. The Scottish Government Building Standards Division Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide For Scotland 2015 Edition Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Note This document applies to Scotland only For other jurisdictions in the UK it will be necessary to consult their own building regulations and guidance Any reference to the Building regulations in this guide is to the Building Scotland Regulations 2004 as amended This guidance comes into effect on 1 October 2015 and is applicable to e work that is subject to a building warrant submitted on or after 1 October 2015 or e work which by virtue of regulation 5 of and Schedule 3 to the Building Scotland Regulations 2004 does not require a building warrant other than work that is o completed before 1st October 2015 or o not completed before that date where the contract for the work is entered into before 1 October 2015 and the work is completed before 31st January 2016 Whilst publication of this guide is intended to support standardisation of the specification and expected performance of fixed building services throughout the UK please note that guidance in section 1 8 on replacement of primary heating appliances differs in Scotland from that applied within building regulations elsewhere in the UK Produced by the Buildings Standards Division First published October 2014 Version 1 0 Document Version Control
5. 3 6 Supplementary Information cccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeeeeees 35 Secon ElecHie Nean Gesca aa ena 36 4 1 Scope of QUIAAN CE a cerere EE EE a EEE EENEN AENEA 36 4 2 Electric boilers serving central heating Systems ccccccccceccccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 36 4 3 Electric heating systems other than electric boilers for central heating 41 Section 5 Sold Tuel Neat wccccsccaicencsaneematordaeneentennuaraewnahaerscenenien 43 5 1 Scope of UA recess viscastectcnreeidccisda einai nescence netic etic deacdemteeuinb ema 43 5 2 Solid fuel appliances for primary heating ccceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeas 43 5 3 Central heating systems using certain types of solid fuel appliances 06 46 1 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition 5 4 Solid fuel appliances for secondary heating ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 51 Section 6 Community heating cs sicca vasa iavvneccesannsercranseeesiaetietetaraneteesetecitae es 53 61 SCODG Ol UICC Gerace reser a a a A E a A 53 6 2 New and existing community heating SCHEMEG cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 53 Section 7 Undornloor Neung sssrds anene aE EERE 62 7 1 Scope of UAC sot carder cgi ie ceded ccdone incidence ecicdembieeetiad 62 7 2 Underfloor heating in new dwellings iscsi oc cccsccersnexecescveneceteuerenes ceaneeedaned
6. 75 nominal load Auto 70 part load Slow heat release appliances 65 Batch One off tiled mortared stoves 70 Batch 44 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Supplementary information Minimum efficiencies Minimum efficiencies for solid fuel appliances are published in the HETAS Official guide to approved solid fuel products and services and on the website www hetas co uk Manufacturers efficiency figures may be higher than those indicated and should be used where independently certified against the harmonised European Standards now in place Carbon emission factors e Solid fuels include wood in various forms different types of coal and manufactured solid fuels and consequently there is a range of associated CO emission factors These factors are as important as appliance efficiency when selecting a boiler CO emission factors kg CO2 kWh for generic types of solid fuel recognised in SAP are House coal traditional British coal burns with smoky flame 0 394 Anthracite mineral fuel with high carbon content burns very cleanly 0 394 Manufactured smokeless fuel mineral fuel usually made from anthracite 0 433 Wood logs renewable wood logs either purchased or from own land 0 019 Wood pellets in bags mechanically compressed sawdust 0 039 Bulk wood pellets as above delivered in bulk 0 039 Wood chips chipped wood processed on site 0 016 Dual fuel UK typical blend of logs and
7. Because of the higher than normal storage temperatures it is very important that stores are well insulated The HWA thermal storage specification is available for free download from www hotwater org uk British amp European Standards BS 1566 1 2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vented copper cylinders Requirements and test methods BS 3198 1981 Specification for copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes BS EN 12897 2006 Water supply Specification for indirectly heated unvented closed storage water heaters 47 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 22 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation fuel storage hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for solid fuel central heating Minimum standard Supplementary information 4 0 a Central heating systems should be thoroughly BS 7593 notes that naturally soft System cleaned and flushed out before installing a waters of low alkalinity or those preparation new boiler supplied via a base exchange and water b During final filing of the system a chemical Tesin Solener have an increased water treatment formulation should be added P di t h i y to the primary circuit to control corrosion and E E S R ng the formation of scale and sludge Reasonable r o Ba provision would be to follow the
8. Product Characteristics Database PCDB and displays separate SAP winter and summer seasonal efficiencies for boilers held within it SAP 2012 available at www bre co uk sap2012 uses these values to calculate the carbon dioxide emission rate for a dwelling SAP winter and summer seasonal efficiencies are derived from SEDBUK 2009 values SEDBUK 2009 and SEDBUK 2005 efficiency values are different If the SEDBUK efficiency in a boiler manufacturer s literature does not state whether it is SEDBUK 2009 or SEDBUK 2005 it should be assumed to be SEDBUK 2005 Minimum SEDBUK 2005 efficiency values for boilers are set out in Table 1 and in the 2010 edition of this guide The Building Standards Division Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings sets out the approved procedure for establishing the exceptional circumstances in which boilers may be of the non condensing type Systems with condensing boilers should be designed to have low primary return water temperatures preferably less than 55 C to maximise condensing operation Low return water temperatures can be obtained through techniques such as weather compensation and the use of low temperature heat emitters for example correctly sized radiators and underfloor heating elements Low temperature heat emitters will also be compatible with low temperature heat generators such as heat pumps that might be installed as replacemen
9. The installer should explain fully to the user how to operate the system in an energy efficient manner and leave behind any user manuals provided by manufacturers out satisfactorily Benchmark licence holders provide a checklist with the appliance for completion by the persons commissioning the system so that they can record that all the checks have been made and the results show efficient operation of the equipment in compliance with building regulations The Benchmark checklist should be provided to the builder or the householder in the case of work in existing dwellings an appointed agent or the end user A Benchmark Commissioning Checklist will be included in all HHIC gas boiler manufacturer members installation manuals to help installers record information about the installation 15 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 3 Recommended minimum standards for control of gas fired wet central heating systems Control type New systems 1 0 a System controls should be provided so that when there is no demand for Boiler interlock space heating or hot water the boiler and pump are switched off 2 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space Zoning heating zones each with an independently controlled heating circuit b Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m may have a single space heating zone 3 0 a Each
10. U eic ele ele e e Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a Ground floors on earth or Exposed suspended floors in contact with ground floors outside air should be insulated to limit downward heat loss due to the thermal resistance of the applied floor finish to not more than 10 W m b When heat output is not known but the floor finish is specified the amount of system thermal insulation needed may be calculated based on the sum of the thermal resistance of the floor finish and the underlying heated layer multiplied by 10 Floor heating systems intended for cyclical operation or installed over unheated rooms should be separated from the structural floor by a layer of thermal insulation with a thermal resistance of at least 1 25 m K W Party floors of apartments with underfloor heating are directly coupled to the heating elements so thermal insulation is important In high rise apartments resistance values may need to exceed those specified heated rooms below electric 2 0 The intermediate floor should have a Intermediate separating layer of thermal insulation floors with with thermal resistance as in 1 0 b heated rooms above or not less than below wet 0 75 m K W as specified in BS EN systems 1264 4 3 0 The intermediate floor should have a Intermediate separating layer of system thermal floors with insulation with thermal resistance as in 1 0 b above or not less than 0 5
11. area 3 0 The transfer fluid in the collector primary loop In secondary systems Primary should be chosen so as not to deposit limescale measures to reduce the circuit fluid sludge ice or other solids that could either restrict formation of limescale should circulation or impair the rate of heat transfer within be considered so that the absorber performance is not significantly affected 4 0 The electrical input power of the primary pump in Circulation the solar system should be less than 50 W or 2 pump power of peak thermal power of collector whichever is the higher 5 0 The heat exchanger between a solar primary and A heat exchanger reduces the Heat secondary system should be sized so that not less possibility of clogging and exchanger than 0 1 m or equivalent of heat exchanger area deposition due to dirt scale or sizing is provided per 1 m of solar collector net absorber similar impurities that could reduce the system performance Heat exchangers and store connections should be sized and located to promote a low return temperature to the solar collector Solar heat exchangers are often sized larger than those usually used on gas or oil based primary systems owing to the lower temperature of transfer 77 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating Minimum standard Supplementary infor
12. based on a horizontal pipe at 60 C in still air at 15 C Further guidance on converting heat loss limits to insulation thickness for specific thermal conductivities is available in TIMSA HVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations Insulation of pipework in unheated areas It may be necessary to protect central heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing Guidance is available in e BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 60 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 30 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of external pipework in community heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a Community heating Community heating pipework typically uses pre insulated buried pipe pipework should be systems Minimum insulation thicknesses are defined in European insulated to the standards Where pipework is run above ground the pipe insulation standards defined performance should be at least as high as that used in the buried part of in EN 253 for pre the system Enhanced insulation standards should be evaluated where insulated pipes or community heating is supplied only fro
13. Council or other accredited body as complying with the building regulations Primary storage systems should meet the insulation requirements of sections 4 3 1 or 4 3 2 of the Hot Water Association Performance specification for thermal stores Vented copper hot water cylinders should carry clear labelling on the product such as a BSI Kitemark registered firm status or reference to an equivalent quality control scheme Vented cylinders which are not of copper construction should be labelled as complying with the heat loss and heat exchanger requirements of BS 1566 1 2002 Due to the higher than normal storage temperatures in primary stores it is very important that they are well insulated 78 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating Minimum standard Supplementary information 8 0 Volume of solar pre heated water The ratio of solar heated water storage volume to collector area should be as follows The dedicated solar storage volume Vs should be at least 25 litres or equivalent heat capacity per net square metre of the solar collector absorber area ii Alternatively V should be a volume or equivalent heat capacity which is equivalent to at least 80 of the daily hot water demand Va as defined by SAP 2012 Collector area is measured as effective aperture or
14. Section 11 Solar water heating 11 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of solar water heating for dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance in this section covers indirect solar systems with a collector area of less than 20 mf and solar heated water storage of less than 440 litres It does not cover direct solar systems or systems intended to contribute exclusively to space heating or systems providing heat exclusively to heat swimming pools It should be used in conjunction with the guidance on water heating contained in the fuel based sections of this guide 11 2 Indirect systems Indirect solar heating systems installed as new systems and replacement systems should meet the minimum standards for a collector certification identification and testing collector primary loop transfer fluid circulation pump power heat exchanger sizing system control solar pre heated water storage and system preparation in Table 39 system labelling and commissioning in Table 40 insulating pipes in a solar primary system in Table 41 Supplementary information When work is carried out on an existing indirect solar hot water system it is recommended that the system controls and insulation should be upgraded in line with the standards for new systems Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating Minimum
15. Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Supplementary information All heat pump systems are at their most efficient when the source temperature is as high as possible the heat distribution temperature is as low as possible and pressure losses in air and water systems are kept to a minimum If installed in a new dwelling heat pumps should use refrigerants complying with the provisions of EU Directive 2037 2000 Heat pumps should be CE marked in accordance with applicable EU Directives e g the machinery safety low voltage pressure equipment and electromagnetic compatibility Directives If summer cooling is provided by the heat pump it is recommended that condensate drainage from the indoor units is provided 9 2 Key terms Coefficient of performance COP is a measure of the efficiency of a heat pump at specified source and sink temperatures but may not accurately represent installed performance Heating COP heat output power input COP COP x 100 is the heat generator efficiency COP is measured in accordance with the procedures in EN 14511 2013 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP is the overall coefficient of performance of the heat pump over the designated heating season It makes general assumptions about the amount of auxiliary heating needed to top up the space and water
16. aquifer and discharge via a separate aquifer downstream of the water table flow systems of this type normally require permits from Scottish Environment Protection Agency SEPA Heat extracted from the ground may be supplied to a dwelling either by a water based heating system ground to water heat pump or by an air distribution system ground to air heat pump Water source systems WSHP Water to Water to air Heat energy is extracted indirectly from a water source using closed water pipe loops as a heat exchanger The closed loop is connected back to the water to water heat pump The water source may be a lake pond or river or other stable water source The fluid circulating in the closed loop will normally be water but a water propylene glycol or accepted equivalent antifreeze mixture may be used depending on operating temperatures Open loops may also be used subject to the permits being obtained from SEPA Heat may be supplied to the dwelling either by a water based heating system water to water heat pump or by an air distribution system water to air heat pump Air source systems ASHP Air to water Air to air Air source heat pumps extract heat directly from the ambient air Heat is supplied to the dwelling either by a water based heating system air to water heat pump or by an air distribution system air to air heat pump Air source heat pumps may be single package or split systems 68 Domestic Building
17. controlling low tariff input charge with external temperature sensing and floor temperature sensing b Programmable room thermostats with an override feature should be provided for all direct acting zones of the system with air and floor temperature sensing capabilities to be used individually or combined Supplementary Information Anticipatory controllers i e weather compensators reduce night energy storage as a function of external temperature 65 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 33 Recommended minimum standards for construction and control of electric underfloor heating systems Minimum standard Electric cable direct acting non storage systems with individual room 3 0 Construction a Direct acting electric underfloor heating cables should be installed within screeds of thickness not exceeding 60 mm b All heated floors should be insulated in accordance with Table 32 timer or thermostat 4 0 Programmable room thermostats with a manual override control in Controls feature for all heating zones with air or floor temperature screeded floors sensing capabilities should be used individually or combined Electric cable 5 0 Direct acting electric underfloor heating cables installed direct acting systems with individual room Construction below floor boards in voids between floor joists should be insulated in accordance with Ta
18. guidance on See ae aten Vel MMe how to prepare and commission systems ates E a S ang given in BS 7593 2006 Code of practice for a dibe treatment of water in domestic hot water consulted for advice paying Conital nealing systonis lt particular attention to dosage c Installers should also refer to the boiler levels manufacturer s installation instructions for e AoA f appropriate treatment products and special R pe 9 ie T ee h requirements for individual boiler models avale SEU Sna OTe radiator as well as the heating d Where the mains total water hardness circuit to prevent loss of inhibitor exceeds 200 parts per million provision when removing a radiator for should be made to treat the feed water to service or maintenance water heaters and the hot water circuit to Ae cna a be edio ihe reduce the rate of accumulation of limescale i VAR central heating circuit to help maintain the efficiency and reliability of the system 5 0 a On completion of the installation of a boiler or Only persons who are competent Commiss hot water storage system together with should carry out the installation sioning associated equipment such as pipework e g installers who are registered pumps and controls the equipment should be with HETAS Such persons will commissioned in accordance with the certify that they have carried out manufacturer s instructions These instructions installation and commissioning in will be specific to the particular bo
19. heat exchanger requirements of BS 1566 2002 Part 1 b Copper hot water storage combination units should comply with BS 3198 1981 c Primary storage systems should meet the insulation requirements of the Hot Water Association Performance specification for thermal stores d Unvented hot water storage system products should comply with BS EN 12897 2006 or an equivalent standard e The standing heat loss for all hot water storage vessels in a b c and d above should not exceed Q 1 15x 0 2 0 051V kWh day where V is the volume of the cylinder in litres f All hot water vessels should carry a label with the following information i type of vessel vented unvented combination unit or thermal store ii nominal capacity in litres iii standing heat loss in kWh day iv heat exchanger performance in kW v reference to product compliance with relevant standard e g BS 1566 BS 12897 and logos of accreditation bodies as required For labelling requirements for other heat inputs see relevant sections e g Section 11 for solar If a vented cylinder is not made from copper then the heat loss and heat exchange characteristics should be tested in accordance with BS EN 12897 2006 The HWA thermal storage specification is available for free download from www hotwater org uk British and European Standards BS 1566 2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vente
20. heating available from the heat pump SCOP is measured in accordance with the procedures in BS EN 14825 2013 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance The National Calculation Methodology for calculating carbon dioxide emission rates from buildings uses SCOP Seasonal performance factor SPF is another measure of the operating performance of an electric heat pump over the season It is the ratio of the heat delivered to the total electrical energy supplied over the season but there are seven different ways to draw the system boundaries For example SPFye2 which is SCOP excludes auxiliary resistance heating whereas SPFy includes it making a large difference SAP 2012 calculations use SPF either measured values for products listed in the Product Characteristics Database or the default values in Table 4a for products not listed there The Microgeneration Certification Scheme installation standard MIS 3005 uses SPF to calculate system performance although the heat pump product standard MCS 007 currently specifies a minimum COP Seasonal primary energy efficiency ratio SPEER is an emerging rating figure reflecting the use of primary energy for all types of heat pump fossil fuel boiler and gas driven cogeneration technologies as well as hybrid syste
21. is ices cn rclestesesienetenensias een an accede ied eases odeuad even etedededevadeuadexeeesedexndeian 12 2 2 Gas fired wet central heating Systems cccceceeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 12 2 3 Gas fired range cookers with integral central heating boiler eeeeeeeeeeeeee 19 2 4 Gas fired warm air heating ccccccceeeeeeeeeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeneas 19 2 5 Gas fired fixed independent space heating appliances ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 21 2 6 Gas fired fixed decorative fuel effect fires 0 cc cceccccccececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 23 2 7 Gas fires for secondary space heating provided as part of a combined fire and back Doler IN Meee ihe nee in ee lied nd edo peste esd eaten edie 23 Section 3 Oil fired space and water heating ccceccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 26 3 1 Scope of QUIGAICE 5 ore ctesiccoeastadtenedirdinnnnansicsen actemndincadnnnen dauendacidntaenabdandunnermerabtnetad 26 3 2 Oil fired wet central heating SYStEMS c cccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 26 3 3 Oil fired range cookers with integral central heating boilers ceeeeeeeeeeeee 33 3 4 Continuously burning oil fired vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or OWAN he ee ete he hie ee ee ee ae 34 3 5 Oil fired fixed independent space heating appliances cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 35
22. its target of a 20 reduction in primary energy consumption by 2020 Legislation to implement the Directive in the UK will be published by 5 June 2014 Included will be requirements for public authorities to purchase only energy efficient products services and buildings and requirements for heat meters to be fitted in apartments and buildings connected to a central source of heating or a district heating network For more information on the specific requirements and technical standards see the DECC website The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2010 31 EU is a recast of the original 2002 91 EC Directive which in 2002 introduced requirements for e the establishment of a methodology for calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings e minimum energy performance requirements for new buildings and where feasible for larger buildings undergoing major renovation e energy performance certification of buildings and e inspections of heating and air conditioning systems The recast Directive included a new requirement to consider in the design of new buildings the feasibility of using renewables and other high efficiency alternative systems There is no mandatory format for this assessment but it is necessary to declare as part of the building warrant application how this has been carried out The building regulations already meet specific requirements of the Directive for example by setting standards for new b
23. off when daylight is sufficient and iii light fittings controllable manually by occupants Fixed a In the areas affected by the building work Light fittings may be either ate an i low ae n brake ee D e dedicated fittings which will have aaaout ane ton tingen ne gt Separate control gear and wil take main dwelling spaces at those Lee only low enorgy Amps 8 9g pin excluding infrequently accessed spaces Pacea IUG AS AN Or COMPAL fluorescent lamps or used for storage such as cupboards and wardrobes e standard fittings supplied with low b Low energy light fittings should have lamps an a with a luminous efficacy greater than 45 contiol SA a Aiea Edison screw base compact lamp lumens per circuit watt and a total fluorescent lamps output greater than 400 lamp lumens eer Light fittings with GLS tungsten Tar a anaetoa tom do famentlamps or tungsten halogen i lamps would not meet the standard overall count of the total number of light fittings The Energy Saving Trust publication GIL 20 Low energy domestic lighting gives guidance on identifying suitable locations for fixed energy efficient lighting A single switch should normally operate no more than six light fittings with a maximum total load of 100 circuit watts Fixed Where fixed external lighting is installed external provide light fittings with the following lighting characteristics 85 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland
24. on a horizontal pipe at 60 C in still air at 15 C Further guidance on converting heat loss limits to insulation thickness for specific thermal conductivities is available in TIMSA HVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations any pipes that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended above or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate Insulation of pipework in unheated areas It may be necessary to protect central heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing Guidance is available in e BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 3 3 Oil fired range cookers with integral central heating boilers This section provides guidance on the specification of oil fired range cookers with integral central heating boilers for space heating and hot water in dwellings Note The guidance applies only to twin burner cooker boilers which should not be confused with the type of range cooker described as a single burner dry heat range cooker The latter is intended only to provide a cooking function is not included in SAP 2012 calculations and does not come within the scope o
25. sections e g Section 11 for solar 2 0 a Space heating systems and domestic System hot water primary circuits should have circulation fully pumped circulation b If the boiler manufacturer s instructions advise installation of a bypass an automatic bypass valve should be provided and the manufacturer s instructions on minimum pipe length followed 3 0 a Vented copper hot water storage If a vented cylinder is not made from Hot water cylinders should comply with the heat copper then the heat loss and heat storage loss and heat exchanger requirements exchange characteristics should be tested in accordance with BS EN 12897 2006 The HWA thermal storage specification is available from www hotwater org uk British and European Standards BS 1566 2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vented copper cylinders Requirements and test methods BS EN 12897 Water supply Specification for indirectly heated unvented closed storage water heaters BS 3198 1981 Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes 28 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 11 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for oil fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 4 0 System preparation and w
26. specified in Table 21 for that category of appliance 43 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Category Appliance description Minimum efficiency Feed gross calorific value B1 Simple open fire Inset 37 Batch B2 Open fire freestanding convector 47 Batch B3 Open fire inset convector 45 mineral fuels 43 wood fuels C1 2 Open fire and boiler inset or 50 Batch freestanding D1 2 3 Open fire high output boiler trapezium 63 Batch and rectangular grates D4 Open fire high output boiler rectangle 63 Batch E1 Dry room heater often known as dry 65 Batch stove Auto E2 Dry room heater logs only 65 Batch E3 Dry room heater multi fuel 65 Batch E4 Dry room heater pellet stove 65 part load Auto 70 nominal load F Room heater with boiler 67 mineral fuels and logs Batch 70 wood pellets part load Auto 75 wood pellets nominal load G1 Cooker without boiler not exceeding 3 5 65 mineral fuels Batch kW 55 wood fuels G2 Cooker with heating boiler exceeding 3 5 65 mineral fuels Batch kW 60 wood fuels J2 Independent boiler batch fed wood logs 75 Batch only J3 Independent boiler batch fed multi fuel 65 mineral fuels Batch 75 wood logs J4 Independent boiler anthracite 70 up to 20 5 kW Auto 75 above 20 5 kW J5 Independent boiler wood pellets chips
27. systems Control Type Minimum standard 1 0 System controls should be wired so that when there is no demand for Boiler interlock space heating or hot water the boiler and pump are switched off 2 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two Zoning aor heating zones each with an independently controlled heating circuit b Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m may have a single space heating zone 3 0 Each space heating circuit should be provided with Control of i independent time control and either space heating ii aroom thermostat or programmable room thermostat located in a reference room served by the heating circuit together with individual radiator controls such as thermostatic radiator valves TRVs on all radiators outside the reference rooms or iii individual networked radiator controls in each room on the circuit 4 0 Domestic hot water circuits supplied from a hot water store i e not Control of hot Produced instantaneously as by a combination boiler should be provided water with i independent time control and ii electric temperature control using for example a cylinder thermostat and a zone valve or three port valve If the use of a zone valve is not appropriate as with thermal stores a second pump could be substituted for the zone valve Notes 1 Always also follow manufacturers instructions 2 A heating c
28. taken to provide the required air supply The use of such large simple open fires is penalised in the SAP calculations Controls Wherever possible solid fuel appliances should have thermostatic control These are usually integral to appliances in categories E F and G Controls should be appropriate to the level of sophistication of the appliance automatic appliances can benefit from advanced controls 51 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Provision of fuel storage The quantity of fuel consumed by secondary heating appliances is likely to be less than 1 tonne per year However it should be stored in a dry and convenient location Smoke control areas The location of the appliance within or without a smoke control area is critical to the process of optimising the choice of appliance and fuel For further information on solid fuel appliances see CE47 Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing Domestic heating by solid fuel Boiler systems Standards BS EN 12809 2001 A1 2004 AC 2006 2007 Residential Independent boilers fired by solid fuel Nominal output up to 50kW Requirements and test methods BS EN 12815 2001 A1 2004 2006 2007 Residential cookers fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods BS EN 13229 2001 A1 2003 A2 2004 AC 2006 2007 Inset appliances including open fires fired by solid fuel Requirements and test met
29. tend to be high Mineral fuel appliances may often have slightly higher efficiencies than their wood burning counterparts Multi fuel room heaters can enable the user to burn renewable wood as well as an alternative to mineral fuels outside smoke control areas e Small solid fuel stoves with boilers The efficiency of these can be higher than that of dry appliances They can be integrated with the primary wet heating system Multi fuel appliances enable the householder to burn renewable wood outside smoke control areas e Range cookers Typically appliances which are installed in a living area and are designed to provide some useful heat from their case into the space in which they are located They are available ina variety of shapes and sizes and can incorporate a boiler which can be connected to dual fuel integrated systems e g link up Multi fuel versions are also available e Open fires HETAS categories B1 B2 and B3 Where requested these can be fitted They do not have thermostatic control of the burning rate and so have lower efficiencies but they are able to burn wood logs with correspondingly low net carbon emissions It must be stressed that large open fires with a large free face area opening width times opening height usually have a need for ventilation well in excess of that available in a property built to modern standards of air tightness This is likely to lead to severe operational problems unless special steps are
30. 15232 2012 Energy performance of buildings Impact of building automation controls and building management 67 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 9 Heat pumps 9 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of heat pump systems in dwellings for the provision of space heating and domestic hot water to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations A heat pump is a device which takes heat energy from a low temperature source and upgrades it to a higher temperature at which it can be usefully employed for heating or hot water Heat pumps may supply all or part of the heating load The guidance in this section applies to the types of electrically driven heat pump in Table 35 used as the heat generator in underfloor warm air and medium temperature radiator heating systems etc Table 35 Heat pump technologies Warm water amp hot water Warm air Heat pump type systems systems Ground source systems GSHP Ground to Ground to Heat energy is extracted from the ground using closed pipe loops water air buried horizontally in trenches or in vertical boreholes that are connected back to the GSHP The fluid circulating in the closed loop is normally a water propylene glycol antifreeze mixture or accepted equivalent but some direct expansion GSHPs use refrigerant Open loops may also be used to collect water from an
31. 2008 A1 A2 2012 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements and system efficiencies Operation maintenance repair and recovery ISO 13256 1 1998 Water source heat pumps Testing and rating for performance Water to air and brine to air heat pumps ISO 13256 1 1998 Water source heat pumps Testing and rating for performance Water to water and brine to water heat pumps 74 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 10 Comfort cooling 10 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of fixed mechanical comfort cooling systems and fans in dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations Dwellings should always be designed to avoid or minimise the need for cooling through the appropriate use of solar control secure ventilation and thermal mass 10 2 Air cooled and water cooled air conditioners Cooling systems in new and existing dwellings should a meet the minimum standards for efficiency in Table 38 b be controlled to prevent simultaneous heating and cooling of the same space within the dwelling c comply with European Commission Regulation No 327 2011 for fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125 W and 500 kW and Regulation No 206 2012 for systems with a cooling capacity of up to 12 kW both implementing Directive 2009 125 E
32. 2009 Domestic gas pp aki fired forced convection air heaters i BS EN 778 2009 or for space heating not exceeding a i BS EN 1319 2009 net heat input of 70 kW without a fan to assist transportation of b If a gas fired circulator is incorporated in combustion air and or combustion the warm air unit to provide domestic hot products water it should be able to deliver full and 3 i part load efficiency at least equal to that re a T tog prescribed by BS EN 483 1999 2007 for space heating with fan assisted c The manufacturer s declaration of burners not exceeding a net heat appliance performance should include the input of 70 kW ronewing wora BS EN 1999 2007 Gas fired i Combined warm air unit and central heating boilers Type C circulator boilers of nominal heat input not This product has been assessed exceeding 70 kW against the test methods set out in BS EN 778 2009 BS EN 1319 2009 BS EN 483 and certified as meeting those minimum requirements by insert name or identification of Notified Body ii Warm air unit alone This product has been assessed against the test method set out in BS EN 778 2009 BS EN 1319 2009 and certified as meeting the minimum requirements by insert name and or identification of Notified Body Delete as appropriate 2 0 a The system should be installed in BS 5864 2010 Installation and Installation accordance with BS 5864 2010 maintenance of gas fired ducted ai
33. 2015 Edition Supplementary information British and European Standards BS EN 15193 2007 Energy performance of buildings Energy requirements for lighting Other related documents CE80 Domestic lighting innovations Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing CE61 Energy efficient lighting guidance for installers and specifiers Energy Saving Trust EP84 Housing for people with sight loss Thomas Pocklington Trust Design Guide IP412 Making the most of your sight Improve the lighting in your home RNIB and Thomas Pocklington Trust Energy Saving Trust best practice standards The Energy Saving Trust sets best practice Energy Saving Recommended ESR standards for lamps that cover not only energy efficiency but also other aspects of quality including colour rendering warm up time product life and power factor It is advisable to install only ESR low energy lamps in dwellings 86 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 13 Micro combined heat and power 13 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of micro combined heat and power micro CHP packages for dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance covers micro CHP systems with an electrical output less than 5 kWe which are e heat led e capable of exporting electricity to the grid
34. 5x 0 2 0 051V kWh day where elcctncnty V is the nominal cylinder volume in litres This applies to electrically heated combination units as well as other electrically heated cylinders 3 0 a Cylinders should either be factory fitted with or have provision for two Vented and thermostatically controlled electrical heating elements or immersion unvented systems including cylinders heated primarily by electricity heaters b The lower element should be capable of heating up at least 85 of the cylinder contents c The upper element should be capable of heating at least 60 litres of water d The lower element should be connected to utilise the off peak electricity tariff and the upper for boost operation e The vessel should be designed such that following reheating to 60 C from the off peak element at least 80 of the contents can be drawn off at 45 C or above at a flow rate of 0 25 l s 4 0 Primary stores a Primary storage systems should meet the insulation requirements of the Hot Water Association Performance specification for thermal stores b Unvented hot water storage products should comply with a relevant standard as set by an accredited test body such as the British Board of Agr ment the Water Research Council or KIWA 39 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 18 Recommended minimum standards for hot water storage in electric wet cen
35. C with regard to ecodesign requirements for energy related products Table 38 Recommended minimum standards for comfort cooling Minimum standard Supplementary information a Air cooled air conditioners working in cooling mode Installation should be carried out by an should have an EER greater than 2 4 installer approved by the manufacturer or supplier The installer should be a competent refrigeration and air conditioning engineer with a valid c Fixed air conditioners should have an energy refrigerant handling certificate efficiency classification equal to or better than Class C in Schedule 3 of the labelling scheme adopted under The Energy Information Household Air Conditioners No 2 Regulations SI 2005 1726 b Water cooled air conditioners working in cooling mode should have an EER greater than 2 5 Exposed refrigeration pipework should be insulated and enclosed in protective trunking to limit accidental damage See www eurovent certification com British and European Standards BS EN 14511 2 2013 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Test conditions BS EN 14511 4 2013 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Requirements 75 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition
36. Circuit watt means the power consumed in lighting circuits by lamps and where applicable their associated control gear including transformers and drivers and power factor correction equipment Light fitting means a fixed light or lighting unit that can comprise one or more lamps and lampholders control gear and an appropriate housing The control gear may be integrated in the lamp or located elsewhere in or near to the fixed light Fixed external lighting means lighting fixed to an external surface of the dwelling supplied from the occupier s electrical system It excludes lighting in common areas of blocks of flats and in other communal accessways 12 3 Internal and external lighting Fixed internal and external lighting should meet the minimum standards for efficacy and controls in Table 42 84 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 42 Recommended minimum standards for fixed internal and external lighting Minimum standard Supplementary information a Either i lamp capacity not greater than 100 lamp watts per light fitting and ii all lamps automatically controlled so as to switch off after the area lit by the fitting becomes unoccupied and iii all lamps automatically controlled so as to switch off when daylight is sufficient b or i lamp efficacy greater than 45 lumens per circuit watt and ii all lamps automatically controlled so as to switch
37. Regulations Insulation for pipework in unheated areas It may be necessary to protect water carrying pipework in unheated areas against freezing Further guidance is available in e BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range of 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 82 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Supplementary Information Further guidance and standards Microgeneration Certification Scheme standard MIS3001 Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply design installation set to work commissioning and handover of solar heating microgeneration systems Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing CE131 Solar water heating systems Guidance for professionals conventional indirect models CIBSE Solar heating design and installation guide CE 51 GIL59 Central Heating System Specifications CHeSS 2005 83 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 12 Lighting 12 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of fixed internal and external lighting for new and existing dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations 12 2 Key terms
38. Specification Product Characteristic Database Plant Size Ratio Renewable Heat Incentive Standards Assessment Procedure Seasonal Coefficient Of Performance Scottish Government Seasonal Efficiency Of Domestic Boilers In The UK Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio Specific Fan Power Statutory Instrument Seasonal Primary Energy Efficiency Ratio Seasonal Performance Factor Target Carbon Dioxide Emission Rate Thermostatic Radiator Valve Water Source Heat Pump 90 The Scottish Government
39. Title Domestic Building Standards Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Purpose To provide guidance on compliance with building regulations namely standards 6 3 to 6 7 as set out in section 6 energy of the 2015 Domestic Technical Handbook This guidance is applicable as described in the note provided above Version Date Notes 1 0 October 2014 Initial issue in support of the 2015 revision of section 6 energy of the Scottish building regulations Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Contents SON T WVOUUCHON cccitcatitdinscetcadaatibabeatvetamantbidadecadaahibbaiiuitemeiaitbiakentsnts 3 I SCOPE ean E E a a 3 1 2 Innovative systems wcscscetccccccetedcccceceecnccesedcteceecnetacetedcnaceeencnecenedcdacencnctscatedctasasensnecansnne 3 Td E ropean Directive S sesse geie ieaie iie E aie e E a i RER 4 UE eE o Uo e a E 5 1 5 How to use this UNM Stic cancncincncencincntne ncn ndnentnn ncn niente nde dnd nde nda nnna dnd 6 16 REV TEINS ree aeaa E E 7 1 7 Work on existing SYSICINS wcscivecssccivecacecseecacedavecatedivacadacsvasatedivacadacsussadedsvacadatsuecadedivnnae 7 1 8 Replacement of primary heating applianceS nnnrrrnnrrrrrrrnnnnnnrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nennen 8 1 9 Summary of recommended minimum energy efficiency standards ccc0 8 Section 2 Gas fired space and water heating ccccceeseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eens 12 2 1 Scope of QUIN
40. al radiator controls b To ensure reasonable such as thermostatic radiator seasonal efficiency install a valves TRVs on all radiators boiler interlock as defined for except those in the reference new systems room 3 0 Emergency a Fit a TRV to the replacement Radiator radiator if in a room without a room thermostat Planned b Fit TRVs to all radiators in rooms without a room thermostat 4 0 Planned a Install a boiler interlock as a In dwellings with a total floor area New defined for new systems greater than 150 m install at heating b Fit individual radiator controls least two heating circuits each system such as TRVs on all radiators with independent time and existing except those in the reference temperature control together with pipework room individual radiator controls such retained as TRVs on all radiators except those in the reference rooms Notes 1 Always also follow manufacturers instructions 2 Best practice would be as for a new system 17 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 5 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in gas fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a Pipes should be insulated to comply with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column and labelled accordingly as follows i Primary circulation pipes for heating circuits shoul
41. al temperature and adjust the charging of the heater accordingly 5 0 Temperature control should be by adjusting Temperature the rate of heat release from the appliance control using an adjustable damper or other 42 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 5 Solid fuel heating 5 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on meeting the energy efficiency standards in the building regulations for the following types of solid fuel heating appliances and systems used to deliver primary and secondary heating e batch fed open fires e batch fed and automatic feed dry room heaters stoves e batch fed log and multi fuel appliances e automatic feed pellet stoves with and without boilers e batch fed and automatic feed room heaters with boilers e batch fed cookers with boilers not exceeding 7 5kW e batch fed independent boilers and automatic feed anthracite wood pellet wood chip and wood log fired independent boilers e central heating systems using certain types of solid fuel appliances The guidance covers the following types of solid fuel coal anthracite manufactured smokeless fuel dual fuel wood logs wood pellets and wood chips 5 2 Solid fuel appliances for primary heating Solid fuel appliances provided as part of new systems or as a replacement appliance in existing systems for primary heating in dwellings should have an efficiency gross calorific value not less than
42. allation and controls in Table 37 for warm air heat pumps Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps ground to water water to water and air to water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 Underfloor heating See Section 7 of this guide on ae Supply water temperatures to the Lge Te NENG fens underfloor heating system should be in sae the range 30 C to 40 C for new buildings and and 30 C to 55 C for existing systems efficiency Radiators Space heating may be sized to meet all or part of the space heating load Secondary heating will be required if the heat pump is sized to meet part of a High efficiency radiators with high water volume should be utilised b Supply water temperature to the the space heating load radiators should be in the range 40 C to 55 C Fan coil units Fan coil units may be utilised for heating only or for winter heating and Supply water temperature to the fan coil summer cooling units should be in the range 35 C to 45 70 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps ground to water water to water and air to water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 2 0 Installation and commissio n ing a The water distribution system should be arranged for reverse return o
43. allation as recommended by the manufacturer should be out by an installer approved maintained by the manufacturer b Pipe sizes should be in accordance with the Installation that requires manufacturer s recommendations access to the refrigeration c The refrigerant pipework on split systems should circuit or WS SOMA ei aes l i split systems should be be insulated in line with the manufacturer s carried out by a competent recommendanong refrigeration and air d If summer cooling is provided by the heat pump conditioning engineer holding provision should be made for condensate a refrigerant handling drainage from the indoor terminal units certificate and preferably an e For ground to air and water to air systems all U ee Services external pipework between the dwelling and the Dee external heat exchanger should be insulated TIMSA HVAC guidance for following TIMSA guidance achieving compliance with f For ground to air and water to air systems ae 7 Ne Suele constant water flow should be maintained eguaions through the heat pump 2 0 a Heat pump unit controls should include Controls 73 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Supplementary information Guidance Microgeneration Certification Scheme standard MIS 3005 Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply design installation set to work commissioning and handover of microgeneration heat pump systems Microg
44. amework for establishing requirements for energy related products placed on the EU market Current requirements cover energy using products such as boilers light bulbs and washing machines In the future requirements will also cover products such as windows insulation material and shower heads whose use has an impact on energy consumption The requirements are set out in Commission Regulations listed in the document http ec europa eu enerqy efficiency ecodesign doc overview legislation eco design pdf Products covered by the regulations can only be CE marked and placed on the market if they meet the ecodesign standards specified At the time of preparation of this guide Commission Regulations existed or were being developed for e space heaters and combination heaters e water heaters and hot water storage tanks e glandless standalone circulators and glandless circulators integrated in products e water pumps e air conditioners and comfort fans e fans driven by motors with an electric input power between 125W and 500W e lighting products in the domestic and tertiary sectors e electric motors The intention is that the recommended minimum product standards in this guide should at least match the energy efficiency standards set out in Commission Regulations as they come into force For example although the implementing regulations for hot water storage tanks were published in September 2013 the standards do not come into for
45. and e controlled in such a way as to avoid heat dumping 13 2 Key terms Heating plant emission rate HPER is the annual CO emissions from fuel and power consumed by the heating plant offset by the emissions saved as a result of any electricity generated by the heating plant divided by the heat output over a year It is measured in units of kg of COz per kWh To calculate HPER it is necessary to know the plant size ratio Note The HPER includes any auxiliary space and water heating that may be necessary i e it represents the performance of all heating plant needed to provide space and water heating service to the building assuming a standard demand pattern Plant size ratio PSR is defined as the nominal heat output of the heating plant divided by the design heat loss the average heat loss of the building on a cold day with a temperature differential of 24 2 C Note For a given heat demand the PSR determines the part load condition for the heating plant 13 3 Micro CHP systems a For new systems and alterations to existing systems the HPER of the micro CHP package calculated as in sub paragraph c below should be no greater than the carbon emission factor for the fuel divided by the minimum efficiency for a regular boiler using that fuel at the PSR determined as in sub paragraph b below The design heat loss of the dwelling should be calculated using the Energy Saving Trust s Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and
46. apable of supplying water in the range 60 C to 65 C This is applicable to ground to water water to water and air to water type heat pumps b If the heat pump is not capable of supplying water at these temperatures supplementary heating should be provided and controlled as described in other sections of this guide Controls should include an auxiliary heating regime to 60 C or more for disinfection purposes c The domestic hot water system should have temperature control e g a tank thermostat and time control to optimise the time taken to heat the water The heat pump may be utilised for all or part of the DHW load During the DHW heating period the heat pump may not necessarily be providing heated water to the space heating system 4 0 Controls a Heat pump unit controls should include i control of water pump operation internal and external as appropriate ii control of water temperature for the distribution system iii Control of outdoor fan operation for air to water units iv defrost control of external airside heat exchanger for air to water systems v protection for water flow failure vi protection for high water temperature vii protection for high refrigerant pressure viii protection for air flow failure on air to water units b External controls should include i weather compensation or internal temperature control ii timer or programmer for space heating c Minim
47. are provided as a secondary heat source as part of a combined fire and back boiler unit in an existing system a The appliance should be one of the types described in Table 10 b The efficiency gross calorific value of the appliance should be not less than the value in Table 10 for that type of appliance c The appliance manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance should include the following statement and information The efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in insert appropriate entry from Table 10 and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is xx The test data from which it has been calculated has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for energy rating of dwellings 23 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 10 Minimum appliance efficiencies for gas fires in a combined fire and back boiler unit Minimum efficiency Gross calorific value British Standard designation appliance type Natural gas LPG Inset live fuel effect 45 46 BS 7977 2 2003 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances Combined appliances Gas fire back boiler All types except inset live fuel effect 63 64 BS 7977 2 2003 Specification for sa
48. ary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated 42 12 19 throughout their length subject only to 54 14 12 practical constraints imposed by the need to penetrate joists and other In assessing the thickness of insulation required structural elements g q standardised conditions should be assumed in all iii All pipes connected to hot water compliance calculations based on a horizontal storage vessels including the vent pipe at 60 C in still air at 15 C pipe should be insulated for at least 1 Furth id nah limi metre from their points of connection S a saga eee ee ae Halse insulation thickness for specific therma er tS a A ictakie conductivities is available in TIMSA HVAC become A a A a y guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of f the Building Regulations iv If secondary circulation is used all da gt tig circulation Insulation of pipework in unheated areas should be insulated It may be necessary to protect central heating and b Whenever a boiler or hot water storage hot water pipework in unheated areas against vessel is replaced in an existing system freezing Guidance is available in any pipes that are exposed as part of the Wet to some lesser standard where practical ductwork and equipment operating within the constraints dictate temperature range 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 50 Domes
49. ater treatment a Central heating systems should be thoroughly cleaned and flushed out before installing a new boiler b During final filling of the system a chemical water treatment inhibitor meeting the manufacturer s specification or other appropriate standard should be added to the primary circuit to control corrosion and the formation of scale and sludge c Installers should also refer to the boiler manufacturer s installation instructions for appropriate treatment products and special requirements for individual boiler models d Where the mains total water hardness exceeds 200 parts per million provision should be made to treat the feed water to water heaters and the hot water circuit of combination boilers to reduce the rate of accumulation of limescale e For solar thermal systems see Section 11 Inhibitors should be BuildCert approved or equivalent Limescale can be controlled by the use of chemical limescale inhibitors combined corrosion and limescale inhibitors polyphosphate dosing electrolytic scale reducers or water softeners The relevant standard for water treatment is BS 7593 2006 Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems BS 7593 notes that naturally soft waters of low alkalinity or those supplied via a base exchange resin softener have an increased potential for corrosion and if they are used in any central heating system a c
50. ating appliance manufacturer 34 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition 3 5 Oil fired fixed independent space heating appliances This section provides guidance on the specification of oil fired fixed independent appliances for primary or secondary space heating in dwellings Oil fired fixed independent appliances for primary heating Where oil fired fixed independent space heating appliances are provided as the primary heat source in new dwellings a The efficiency of the appliance gross calorific value should be not less than 60 The appliance manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance should include the following words The net efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in OFS A102 2004 and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is xx The test data has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for energy rating of dwellings b Each appliance should be capable either independently or in conjunction with room thermostats or other suitable temperature sensing devices of controlling the temperatures independently in areas that have different heating needs e g separate sleeping and living areas Oil fired fixed independent appliances for secondary heating Oil fired fixed indep
51. ble 32 el rae t 6 0 Programmable room thermostats with a manual override EA al b Controls feature should be provided to control space temperature and Control in TmDeE limit floor void temperature for safety and comfort in each floors area Under tile 7 0 Direct acting electric underfloor heating cables should be electric floor heating systems Construction provided with a pre fabricated mattress or equivalent IEC 60800 2009 approved heating cable product of thickness less than 4 mm encapsulated in tile bedding adhesive or mortar below a ceramic or other equivalent floor finish on a thermally resistive insulation layer as in Table 32 1 0 b 8 0 Controls Programmable room thermostats with a manual override feature should be provided to control space temperature and limit floor temperature for safety and comfort in each area 66 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 8 Mechanical ventilation 8 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of mechanical ventilation systems in dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance covers the following types of mechanical ventilation e intermittent extract e continuous extract e continuous supply e continuous supply and extract with heat recovery 8 2 Energy efficiency of mechanical ventilation systems Mechanical ventilation systems should
52. ce until September 2017 If in any doubt as to whether a product is subject to minimum ecodesign standards check the Commission document above The Energy Labelling Directive 2010 30 EU compliments the Ecodesign Directive by providing a framework for labelling of energy related products including lamps luminaires household air conditioners and washing machines The Energy Label classifies products on an A to G scale pulling the market towards more efficient products by better informing consumers The Ecodesign Directive by contrast uses regulation to push the market away from the worst performing products Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition The Renewable Energy Directive 2009 28 EC provides a framework for the promotion of energy from renewable resources It sets a mandatory UK target of 15 energy generation from renewable sources by 2020 the renewable energy obligation as a contribution to meeting the EU s overall target of 20 Of relevance to building services is that the Directive identifies criteria for training and certification of installers of renewables The Directive also specifies in Annex VII the standards that heat pumps must achieve to be recognised as renewable technologies by the Directive The Energy Efficiency Directive 2012 27 EU establishes a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the EU in order to ensure that the EU meets
53. chnical standards that apply for example on meter specifications 6 2 New and existing community heating schemes The central heat source should comply with the requirements in the Non domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland except where specified in this section Guidance is provided for two scenarios e connecting dwellings to a new community heating scheme e connecting dwellings to an existing community heating scheme Connecting dwellings to a new community heating scheme New community heating systems for both new and existing dwellings should meet the minimum standards for a energy efficiency in Table 25 b low carbon heat sources in Table 26 c system control in Table 27 d hot water production storage and treatment heat metering and commissioning in Table 28 e insulation of pipework in Table 29 16 https www qov uk decc http www scotland gov uk T opics Built Environment Building Building standards techbooks techhandbooks ndbscg 17 53 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Connecting dwellings to an existing community heating scheme Where existing community heating systems are connected to new or existing dwellings a If the existing community heating system is in need of replacement or improvement a study should be carried out to assess the economic and environmental benefits of a range of options including the use of CHP and other low carb
54. ciency of this appliance has been measured as specified in insert appropriate entry from Table 8 and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is xx The test data has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body The gross efficiency value may be used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for energy rating of dwellings d In new dwellings each appliance should be capable either independently or in conjunction with room thermostats or other suitable temperature sensing devices of controlling the temperatures independently in areas that have different heating needs e g separate sleeping and living areas In existing dwellings wherever practical temperature controls should be upgraded to the standards required for new dwellings Table 8 Appropriate types of natural gas and LPG fired fixed independent appliances for primary space heating British Standard designation appliance type BS EN 1266 2002 Independent gas fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and or flue gases BS 7977 1 2009 A1 2013 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances Radiant convectors BS EN 613 2001 Independent gas fired convection heaters BS EN 13278 2003 Open fronted gas fired independent space heaters Gas fired f
55. ctical guidance on ways of complying with specific aspects of the building regulations in most common building situations The Technical Handbooks are intended to provide practical guidance but they are not intended to be comprehensive Consequently they may contain references to other documents which will provide more detailed information and assistance on parts of the guidance This guide is one of those documents It provides more detailed information on the guidance contained in Section 6 Energy of the Domestic Technical Handbook about compliance with the energy efficiency requirements which apply when installing fixed building services in new and existing buildings If you follow the guidance in the Technical Handbooks and companion documents such guidance may be relied on in any proceedings as tending to negative liability for an alleged contravention of the building regulations refer to section 0 of the Technical Handbooks for further explanation However in each every case it is for the verifier local authority to determine whether work complies with the requirements of the building regulations Where there is doubt it is appropriate to check with the verifier before starting work to establish what is necessary for compliance with building regulations In Scotland all new buildings and much work to existing buildings will require the issue of a building warrant prior to any works commencing on site Information on works which must comp
56. d be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces ii Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length subject only to practical constraints imposed by the need to penetrate joists and other structural elements iii All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels including the vent pipe should be insulated for at least 1 metre from their points of connection to the cylinder or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed If secondary circulation is used all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated b Whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system any pipes that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended above or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate Pipe outside Maximum heat diameter mm loss W m 8 7 06 10 M23 12 7 35 15 7 89 22 9 12 28 10 07 35 11 08 42 12 19 54 14 12 In assessing the thickness of insulation required standardised conditions should be assumed in all compliance calculations based on a horizontal pipe at 60 C in still air at 15 C Further guidance on converting heat loss limits to insulation thickness for specific thermal conductivities is available in TIMSA HVAC guidance f
57. d copper cylinders Requirements and test methods BS EN 12897 2006 Water supply Specification for indirectly heated unvented closed storage water heaters BS 3198 1981 Copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes 14 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 2 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for gas fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 4 0 a Central heating systems should Inhibitors should be BuildCert approved or System be thoroughly cleaned and equivalent bs eames atl sah P before installing a Limescale can be controlled by the use of treatment chemical limescale inhibitors combined b During final filling of the system a corrosion and limescale inhibitors chemical water treatment inhibitor polyphosphate dosing electrolytic scale meeting the manufacturer s reducers or water softeners The relevant specification or other appropriate standard for water treatment is BS 7593 2006 standard should be added to the Code of practice for treatment of water in primary circuit to control corrosion domestic hot water central heating systems and the formation of scale and BS 7593 notes that naturally soft waters of sludge low alkalinity or those supplied via a base c Installers s
58. d to show compliance b The installer should explain fully to the user how to operate the system in an energy efficient manner and behind any user manuals provided by manufacturers 37 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 17 Recommended minimum standards for control of electric wet central heating systems Control Type Minimum standard 1 0 The boiler should be fitted with a flow temperature control and be capable Boiler temperature of modulating the power input to the primary water depending on space control heating conditions 2 0 If the boiler supplies domestic hot water system controls should be Boiler interlock provided so that when there is no demand for space heating or hot water the boiler and pump are switched off 3 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones each with an independently controlled heating zoning circuit b Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m may have a single space heating zone 4 0 Each space heating circuit should be provided with Control of space i independent time control and either heating ii aroom thermostat or programmable room thermostat located in a reference room served by the heating circuit together with individual radiator controls such as thermostatic radiator valves TRVs on all radiators outside the reference rooms or iii individual n
59. e bndcimdsecdelacehebdiadineedlbadebasehedicablimdMas ais cbcedaest ie atet etait 84 12 3 Internal and external lighting cccccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenseeeeeeeeees 84 Section 13 Micro combined heat and POWE cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaneeees 87 13 1 Scop of OIG ANC a tieielesecshceueivtneturncaetteapbeneeey Sued buae luis teayeenlnueubetl very lee byeutueciveeeeanys 87 13 2 RS TOTS cionin a ae a badia A a aa a a aaa Saale 87 13 3 Micro CHP SY SUMING gcc actesicceciaccrtrc ints ce cent rcireiainaecins teeter irusdacetincidnw tran tineaaeucamaiinceine 87 Section 14 Heating system CUCUIAIOS ss sccisasssarcvssxeeeavacdicveteranetensetiectiasenttuaes 89 141 Scopeof UG ANC a oats esse E A E a a 89 14 2 SIGN GS asset ceed eardatbarteiscehebpeatcnedaleadetsadeloadeinadathdaleadelsadelsadelsadtinndaleddeleadpidenabeddslsadeateinedaas 89 PRPC A ADDrEYIAIONS cicscpmanvaasanuisiveavinaaetaaemansnianteaianaaseaenanl 90 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 1 Introduction 1 1 Scope This guide provides detailed guidance for the installation of fixed building services in new and existing non domestic buildings in support of compliance with the energy efficiency requirements set out under standards 6 3 to 6 7 of the building regulations This edition covers the design installation and commissioning of e conventional means of providing primary and secondary space
60. e of electric underfloor heating systems in new dwellings construction and controls in Table 33 62 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 31 Recommended minimum standards for control of wet and electric underfloor heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a All floor heating systems whether warm water or Mixed systems with System electric should be fitted with controls to ensure safe radiators and underfloor temperature and comfortable operating temperatures heating connected to a TA b To prevent damage to floors and occupant discomfort E electric the temperature of the flow water from warm water See may benefit underfloor systems connected to a high temperature gt 60 C from being operated at heating heat source should be controlled using iho same low water systems i multi port mixing valves and thermo mechanical or temperature thermo electric actuators For optimum long term ii a separate high limit thermostat efficiency consider c Electric floor heating systems should comply with the pee weather rules in BS 7671 2008 A1 2011 Requirements for COMPensating electrical installations Section 753 Floor and ceiling controllers with thermo heating systems for protection against electric shock electric mixing valves and thermal effects and for selection and installation of equipment 2 0 a Each room should have its
61. electricity needed to operate provided that the Target the central plant and pumps should be carbon dioxide Emission taken into account Rate TER Tor e dwelling For systems using condensing boilers is not exceeded b Boilere shoud be selected ee a ee to comply with the boiler a be below 50 C efficiency requirements of 7 the Non domestic Building e Where instantaneous plate heat Services Compliance Guide exchangers are used to produce hot for Scotland water in individual dwellings the return temperature selected should be less than 40 C e Where hot water cylinders are used the coil size should be such as to require a flow rate that results in a nominal return temperature of less than 40 C while meeting the required heat up time e Where hot water is produced centrally e g in each block of dwellings return temperatures should be below 40 C 2 0 Controls for boilers should Setting occupation times is not generally Controlling the sequencing and firing of boilers follow the guidance in the Non domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland but without optimum start possible for a group of dwellings and so optimum start controls are not a recommendation 3 0 Minimising energy use by pumps a For new community heating systems the design temperature difference for the community heating primary circuit should be greater than 20 C b Variable volume control systems should be used to
62. endations Installation Installation should be carried out by an installer approved by the manufacturer If during installation access to the refrigeration circuit is needed a competent refrigeration and air conditioning engineer with a valid refrigerant handling certificate or an Engineering Services Skillcard should carry out the work Exposed refrigeration pipework should be insulated and enclosed in protective trunking to limit accidental damage Installation of the dwelling s water distribution system should be undertaken by a competent central heating specialist Guidance and standards TIMSA HVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations BS EN 378 2008 Specification for refrigerating systems and heat pumps TR30 Guide to good practice heat pumps HVCA July 2007 MIS 3005 Requirements for contractors undertaking the supply design installation set to work commissioning and handover of microgeneration heat pump systems DECC 71 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 36 Recommended minimum standards for warm water and hot water heat pumps ground to water water to water and air to water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 3 0 Domestic hot water DHW a For full heating the heat pump and any supplementary domestic hot water heating should be c
63. endent space heating appliances in new dwellings which are provided as the secondary heat source should have an efficiency gross calorific value of not less than 60 3 6 Supplementary Information Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing publications CE29 Domestic heating by oil boiler systems CE51 Central heating system specifications CHeSS CE54 Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats OFTEC Technical Books 2 3 4 and 5 see www oftec org BS EN 12828 2012 Heating systems in buildings Design for water based heating systems BS 5410 1 1997 Code of practice for oil firing installations up to 45kW output capacity for space heating and hot water supply purposes 35 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 4 Electric heating 4 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of fixed electric heating systems for dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance given in this section covers the following types of fixed electric heating systems electric boilers serving central heating systems electric warm air systems electric panel heaters electric storage systems including integrated storage direct systems Portable plug in appliances are not covered by the building regulations or by this guide 4 2 Electric boilers serving central
64. eneration Certification Scheme standard MIS 3007 Product certification scheme requirements heat pumps Heat emitters guide for domestic heat pumps available from http Awww microgenerationcertification org mcs standards installer standards CE 82 Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing Domestic ground source heat pumps design and installation of closed loop systems Heat Pump Association data sheet Air to water heat pumps HVCA TR30 Guide to good practice Heat pumps British and European Standards BS EN 15450 2007 Heating systems in buildings Design of heat pump heating systems BS EN 15316 4 2 2008 Heating systems in buildings Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Soace heating generation systems heat pump systems BS EN 378 1 2008 A1 A2 2012 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements and system efficiencies Basic requirements definitions classifications and selection criteria BS EN 378 2 2008 A1 A2 2012 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements and system efficiencies Design construction testing marking and documentation BS EN 378 3 2008 A1 A2 2012 Refrigerating systems and heat pumps Safety and environmental requirements and system efficiencies Installation site and personal protection BS EN 378 4
65. ent procedure for dwellings sets out the approved procedure for establishing the exceptional circumstances in which boilers may be of the non condensing type Systems with condensing boilers should be designed to have low primary return water temperatures preferably less than 55 C to maximise condensing operation Low return water temperatures can be obtained through techniques such as weather compensation and the use of low temperature heat emitters for example correctly sized radiators and underfloor heating elements Low temperature heat emitters will also be compatible with low temperature heat generators such as heat pumps that might be installed as replacements in the future 2 0 a Space heating systems and System domestic hot water primary circulation circuits should have fully pumped circulation b If the boiler manufacturer s instructions advise installation of a bypass an automatic bypass valve should be provided and the manufacturer s instructions on minimum pipe length followed 13 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 2 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for gas fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 3 0 Hot water storage a Vented copper hot water storage cylinders should comply with the heat loss and
66. er In selecting the system consideration should be given to e the impact on return temperatures in the community heating system e the impact on flow rates in the community heating system e the impact on heat demand profiles and compatibility with the heat source e standing losses from storage cylinders calorifiers and the impact on energy use e the quality of service provided in terms of flow rate and temperature control e the advantages of having local storage in terms of security of supply Where the network is extensive and hot water production is centralised a two stage water heating system can be used to deliver low return temperatures In this design the return water from the space heating circuit is used to pre heat the cold feed to the domestic hot water 58 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 28 Recommended minimum standards for domestic hot water production storage and water treatment heat meters and commissioning for community heating Minimum standard Supplementary information design volume flow rates are supplied to each dwelling and there is no excessive bypassing of water that would lead to higher pumping energy use b The flow rates in individual heat emitters should be balanced using appropriate return temperatures or by using calibrated control valves c The systems within the dwellings should be demo
67. etworked radiator controls in each room on the circuit 5 0 Domestic hot water circuits supplied from a boiler and hot water store Control of hot water should be provided with i independent time control and ii electric temperature control using for example a cylinder thermostat and a zone valve or three port valve If the use of a zone valve is not appropriate as with thermal stores a second pump could be substituted for the zone valve Notes 1 Always also follow manufacturers instructions 2 A heating circuit refers to a pipework run serving a number of radiators that is controlled by its own zone valve 3 The relevant floor area is the area within the insulated envelope of the dwelling including internal cupboards and stairwells 4 The SAP notional dwelling assumes at least two space heating zones for all floor areas unless the dwelling is single storey open plan with a living gt 70 of the total floor area 5 A reference room is a room that will act as the main temperature control for the whole circuit and where no other form of system temperature control is present Supplementary information More details on control systems can be found in manufacturers literature and on The Association of Controls Manufacturers TACMA website at www heatingcontrols org uk Controls may be provided by any boiler management control system that meets the specified zoning timing and temperature and boiler inte
68. evescuexeeeneeaen 62 Section 8 Mechanical ventilation asi nnnacnsiesii earn 67 8 1 Scope of QUIS esc cecnic cored esed ates ened eshesenasiedne enirdiesincennslersdeuadevexeuedededevsdenat condecedexndesce 67 8 2 Energy efficiency of mechanical ventilation systems cccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 67 Rae 9 Hedi PUMPS ciasne Aa aiaei 68 9 1 Scope of CIN Siac ote setatoctais detec cetda ede badiioceialnebeedatendedardeigndedatedebadeloadliodatecelnivardaiond 68 Dez ROW TORING ted pecant se cesccecensescteeceensiaecuc ctescapssteage aceeeganeaigachesatecceeecteaguaxstesgecenicectesctaesiase 69 9 3 Warm water and hot water heat PUMPS ccceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 70 Section TO Ot 0 sasssa ae 19 10 1 Scope Of QUIDANCE eee cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaaeeeeeeeeeeeeesaaaaaaeeeeeeseeeeeessneaeeeeeeees 75 10 2 Air cooled and water cooled air CONCItIONCLS 0 eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeees 75 Section 11 Solar water EAN ass sesnsizivsccesreasaccuves seai ea 76 11 1 Scope of GUNA CS e i ahee trae henna ehcties hepbeeahetirien ctepinexmarinesal einen AE 76 1122 Indirect SY SUG ING asco rsete cee sect ccepreetesennuetceeuebanlennuetec evndeiiesle eee eea a DE 76 BOON 12 LIONN ca nroanieeatasboueseon a E EAE Ea 84 12 1 Scope of QUIG ANAC ica cctinesciceidirdcenstireecactiecreidd ne scaceticiensti dicen dn ancacivemeetrantinautucuonmnencnitn 84 12 2 Key terms see csstscsct cette sidattie diat
69. f the building regulations energy efficiency requirements 33 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Where oil fired range cookers with an integral central heating boiler are provided as part of new systems or as replacement components in existing systems a The appliance should have two independently controlled burners one for the cooking function and one for the boiler b The SEDBUK 2009 efficiency of the integral boiler should be not less than 80 c The manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance and SEDBUK value should include the following statement and information i Seasonal efficiency GEDBUK XX ii Case heat emission value yy kW iii Heat transfer to water at full load zz kW iv The efficiency values may be used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for the energy rating of dwellings The test data from which they have been calculated has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified body See www rangeefficiency org uk If the integral boiler is a condensing boiler the declaration should make clear whether the efficiency has been calculated in accordance with SEDBUK 2005 or SEDBUK 2009 If it does not then SEDBUK 2005 must be assumed d The integral boiler should meet the minimum standards for oil fired central heating systems in Tables 11 12 and 14 for system circulation hot water storage system preparation commissioni
70. fety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances Combined appliances Gas fire back boiler 24 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Supplementary information Energy Efficiency Best Practice in Housing CE30 Domestic heating by gas boiler systems CE51 Central heating system specifications CHeSS CE54 Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats SBGI publications on gas boilers and gas fires See www sbgi org uk CORGI Domestic Manual Series GID1 Essential gas safety GID2 Gas cookers and ranges GID3 Gas fires and space heaters GID5 Water heaters GID7 Central heating wet and dry CORGI Design Guides WCH1 Wet central heating system design guide WAH1 Warm air heating system design guide British and European Standards BS 5440 1 2008 Flueing and ventilation for gas appliances of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net 1st 2nd and 3rd family gases Specification for installation of gas appliances to chimneys and for maintenance of chimneys BS 5440 2 2009 Flueing and ventilation for gas appliances of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net 1st 2nd and 3rd family gases Specification for the installation and maintenance of ventilation provision for gas appliances BS EN 12828 2012 Heating systems in buildings Design for water based heating systems BS EN 12831 2003 Heating systems in buildings Method for calcu
71. flats b The PSR for the micro CHP system when operating in the intended dwelling should be calculated as defined in paragraph 13 2 above 13 Energy Saving Trust CE54 Whole house boiler sizing method for houses and flats This is an interactive calculator available from the Energy Saving Trust at www energysavingtrust org uk housingbuildings publications The design heat loss in kW is the basic design heat loss in box U from the 2010 edition 87 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition c The HPER of the micro CHP system should be calculated at the PSR determined in sub paragraph b above using the methodology set out in DECC s Annual Performance Method APM and the performance data for the micro CHP package established by testing according to BSI PAS 67 Supplementary information British and European Standards BS EN 15316 4 4 2007 Heating systems in buildings method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies Heat generation systems building integrated cogeneration systems Other documents Appendix N of SAP 2012 Method to evaluate the annual energy performance of micro cogeneration heating systems in dwellings BSRIA BG 2 2007 CHP for existing buildings Guidance on design and installation Microgeneration Certification Scheme standard MIS 3007 2 Requirements for contractors undertaking the design
72. g systems but does not include emergency escape lighting or specialist process lighting b fixed systems for heating domestic hot water air conditioning or mechanical ventilation or c any combination of systems of the kinds referred to in paragraph a or b New system means a fixed building services system installed a in anew building b for the first time in an existing building c as a complete replacement for a system in an existing building Seasonal efficiency means the efficiency value used by SAP for a heating appliance For gas LPG and oil boilers that have been tested for efficiency this is SEDBUK 1 7 Work on existing systems A requirement of building regulations is that work on existing buildings should be carried out in such a way that when the work is complete a the work itself complies with the applicable requirements of building regulations b the parts of the building not affected by the work are no worse in relation to the requirements of regulations than before the work was started This means that when a system component like a boiler or a room thermostat is replaced only the new component is expected to comply with the provisions in this guide which in some cases may be lower than for new systems The Boiler Efficiency Database at www boilers org uk is part of the SAP Product Characteristics Database PCDB and displays separate SAP winter and summer seasonal efficiencies for boilers held with
73. he relevant the primary circuit to control standard for water treatment is BS 7593 2006 corrosion and the formation of Code of practice for treatment of water in scale and sludge domestic hot water central heating systems Installers should also refer t BS 7593 notes that naturally soft waters of low the boiler manutact rer s alkalinity or those supplied via a base installation instructions for exchange resin softener have an increased l appropriate treatment products potential E and if they are used in and special requirements for any Coa EE SE ACEN individual boiler model inhibitor specifically formulated for the purpose should be added and properly maintained d Where the mains total water Manufacturers should be consulted for advice hardness exceeds 200 parts paying particular attention to dosage levels parnom Provision Soule he Special radiator valves are available that will made to treat the feed water to p water heaters andihe hot water seal off the radiator as well as the heating circuit of combination boilers to STON fo eve loss of iL es aten reduce the rate of accumulation mM 0Vin9 a radiator for service or maintenance of limescale A filter can also be fitted to the central heating circuit to help maintain the efficiency and reliability of the system 3 0 a Manufacturers instructions for Commiss commissioning should be ioning followed and a commissioning record should be complete
74. heating domestic hot water mechanical ventilation comfort cooling and internal amp external lighting and e low carbon generation of heat by heat pumps solar thermal panels and micro combined heat and power systems The guide sets out recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for components of building services systems including the use of controls For systems installed in new dwellings the standards are minimum design limits or back stop values For new or replacement systems and components installed in existing dwellings the standards represent appropriate provision for complying with building regulations It is important to note that standards higher than many of these recommended minimum standards will need to be achieved if e new dwellings are to meet the target carbon dioxide emission rate TER calculated under standard 6 1 using SAP e systems are to comply with the Microgeneration Certification Scheme standards that enable building owners to receive payments under the Renewable Heat Incentive RHI and qualify for Green Deal funding e products are to be recognised as renewable technologies under the Renewable Energy Directive The guide includes some supplementary information that identifies good practice design and installation standards that exceed the minimum standards in this guide Microgeneration Certification Scheme standards are an example of good practice standards A summary of recommended minimum e
75. heating systems Electric boilers serving wet central heating provided with new systems or as replacement components in existing systems should meet the minimum standards for a system circulation system preparation and commissioning in Table 16 b boiler interlock zoning and time control and temperature control of heating and hot water circuits in Table 17 c hot water storage systems in Table 18 d pipework insulation in Table 19 36 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 16 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation preparation and commissioning for electric wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a Systems for space heating and System domestic hot water primary circulation circuits in new dwellings should have fully pumped circulation b If the boiler manufacturer s instructions advise installation of a bypass then an automatic bypass valve should be used 2 0 a Central heating systems should Inhibitors should be BuildCert approved or System be thoroughly cleaned and equivalent ie pe ai elka before installing a new Limescale can be controlled by the use of keaimeni chemical limescale inhibitors combined b During final filling of the system corrosion and limescale inhibitors a chemical water treatment polyphosphate dosing electrolytic scale formulation should be added to reducers or water softeners T
76. her information and guidance 641 2009 implementing Directive 2005 32 EC with regard to including a list of approved ecodesign requirements for glandless circulators up to 2 5 kW glandless domestic circulators is a standalone glandless circulators other than those eiela al tuae OFg Uk specifically designed for primary circuits of thermal solar systems and of heat pumps should have an Energy Efficiency Index EEI no greater than 0 27 b From 1 August 2015 standalone glandless circulators and glandless circulators integrated in products should have an Energy Efficiency Index EEI no greater than 0 23 89 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Appendix A Abbreviations APM ASHP BS BSD BSI CHeSS CHP CO2 COP DECC DHW EEI EER EN ESR GSP HPER HVAC LPG PAS PCDB PSR RHI SAP SCOP SG SEDBUK SEER SFP SI SPEER SPF TER TRV WSHP Annual Performance Method Air Source Heat Pump British Standard Building Standards Division British Standard Institute Central Heating System Specification Combined Heat And Power Carbon Dioxide Coefficient Of Performance Department For Energy And Climate Change Domestic Hot Water Energy Efficiency Index Energy Efficiency Ratio European Norm Standard Energy Saving Recommended Ground Source Heatpump Heating Plant Emission Rate Heating Ventilation And Air Conditioning Liquefied Petroleum Gas Publicly Available
77. hods BS EN 13240 2001 A2 2004 AC2006 2007 Room heaters fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods BS EN 15250 2007 Slow heat release appliances fired by solid fuel Requirements and test methods BS EN 15544 2009 One off tiled mortared stoves Calculation method BS EN 14785 2006 Residential space heating appliances fired by wood pellets 52 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 6 Community heating 6 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of community heating systems for dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations A community heating system is one that supplies heat to a number of dwellings from a common heat source A system may heat a small block of flats or a large number of buildings The guidance in this section applies to systems that e supply 15 or more dwellings from a central boiler or from a low carbon source such as combined heat and power CHP biofuels heat pumps and solar panels e distribute heat from the central source using a wet radiator system although warm air heating and underfloor heating systems may also be used Metering requirements for community heating schemes are being introduced starting in June 2014 as a result of the EU Energy Efficiency Directive See the DECC website for details of the requirements and the te
78. hould also refer to the exchange seals softener have an increased boiler manufacturers installation a S a if they are used in any central heating system a corrosion iba x eee cial inhibitor specifically formulated for the requirements for individual boiler purpose should be added and properly models maintained Manufacturers should be consulted for advice paying particular d Where the mains total water attention to dosage levels hardness exceeds 200 parts per z million provision should be made Special radiator valves are available that will to treat the feed water to water seal zii the radiator as sol ae the heating Heatars and tae hob water circuit circuit to prevent loss of inhibitor when of combination boilers to reduce MOVING a radiator for service or the rate of accumulation of Re a eee limescale A filter can also be fitted to the central heating e For solar thermal systems see circuit to help maintain the efficiency and Section 11 i reliability of the system 5 0 a On completion of the installation Solutions such as the HHIC Benchmark Commiss of a boiler or hot water storage Commissioning Checklist can be used to ioning system and associated show that commissioning has been carried equipment such as pipework pumps and controls the equipment should be commissioned in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions These instructions will be specific to the particular boiler or hot water storage system b
79. iler or hot accordance with requirements in water storage system used the building regulations and in the b The installer should explain fully to the user MEI oiean ie how to operate the system in an energy met 2e aae siin geti efficient manner and behind any user Note that the delivery of wood or manuals provided by manufacturers coal without appropriate documentation into a smoke control area is an offence under the Clean Air Act 48 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 23 Recommended minimum standards for control of solid fuel central heating systems Minimum standard All appliances except open fires 1 0 Burning rate Thermostatic control of the burning rate Automatic feed appliances 2 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m should have at least two space Zoning heating zones with independent temperature control one of which is assigned to the living area b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones with independent temperature and time control c For single storey open plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than 70 of the total floor area sub zoning of temperature control is not appropriate 3 0 Time control of space and water heating should be provided by Time control a full programmer with separate timing to each circuit or anata r ii two or more separate ti
80. in it SAP 2012 available at www bre co uk sap2012 uses these values to calculate the carbon dioxide emission rate for a dwelling SAP winter and summer seasonal efficiencies are derived from SEDBUK 2009 values T Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition It is not a general requirement to upgrade the rest of the existing system but this guide does include some recommendations on minor upgrades for compliance with building regulations where they would be cost effective and may be necessary to ensure efficient operation of the new component Some of the supplementary information is guidance on good practice that while not essential for compliance with building regulations would help to save energy For example it is convenient and timely to fit thermostatic radiator valves when replacing a boiler and the system has been drained down 1 8 Replacement of primary heating appliances When replacing an existing appliance the seasonal efficiency of the new equipment should be as stated in the relevant fuel based section of this guide subject to any guidance identifying alternatives in exceptional circumstances 1 9 Summary of recommended minimum energy efficiency standards Table 1 summarises the recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for buiding services in domestic buildings Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services Gas fi
81. in temperature control for the whole circuit and where no other form of system temperature control is present 16 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 4 Recommended minimum standards when replacing components of gas fired wet central heating systems Component Reason Minimum standard Good practice 1 0 Emergency a For copper vented cylinders a Upgrade gravity fed systems to Hot water and combination units the fully pumped cylinder standing losses should not b Install a boiler interlock and exceed ia separate timing for space Q 1 28x 0 2 0 051V heating and hot water kWh day where V is the volume of the cylinder in litres b Install an electric temperature control such as a cylinder thermostat Where the cylinder or installation is of a type that precludes the fitting of wired controls install either a wireless or thermo mechanical hot water cylinder thermostat or electric temperature control c If separate time control for the heating circuit is not present use of single time control for space heating and hot water is acceptable Planned d Install a boiler interlock and c Upgrade gravity fed systems to separate timing for space fully pumped heating and hot water 2 0 Emergency a The efficiency of the new a Upgrade gravity fed systems to Boiler Planned appliance should be as fully pumped specified in Table 2 b Fit individu
82. insulated to comply with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column and labelled accordingly as follows i Primary circulation pipes for heating circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces ii Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length subject only to practical constraints imposed by the need to penetrate joists and other structural elements iii All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels including the vent pipe should be insulated for at least 1 metre from their points of connection to the cylinder or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed iv If secondary circulation is used all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated b Whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system any pipes that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended above or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate Pipe outside diameter Maximum heat mm loss W m 8 7 06 10 7 23 12 7 35 15 7 89 22 9 12 28 10 07 35 11 08 42 12 19 54 14 12 In assessing the thickness of insulation required standardised conditions should be assumed in all compliance calculations
83. ircuit refers to a pipework run serving a number of radiators that is controlled by its own zone valve 3 The relevant floor area is the area within the insulated envelope of the dwelling including internal cupboards and stairwells 4 The SAP notional dwelling assumes at least two space heating zones for all floor areas unless the dwelling is single storey open plan with a living gt 70 of the total floor area 5 A reference room is a room that will act as the main temperature control for the whole circuit and where no other form of system temperature control is present 31 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 13 Recommended minimum standards when replacing components of oil fired wet central heating systems Compon Reason _ Minimum standard Good practice ent 1 0 Emergency a For copper vented cylinders a Upgrade gravity fed systems to Hot water and combination units the fully pumped cylinder standing losses should not gt a b Install a boiler interlock and exceed Q 1 28x 0 2 0 051V eimina kWh day where V is the volume Separate liming tor space oe heating and hot water of the cylinder in litres b Install an electric temperature control such as a cylinder thermostat Where the cylinder or installation is of a type that precludes the fitting of wired controls install either a wireless or thermo mechanical hot water cy
84. ired convection heaters BS EN 13278 2003 Open fronted gas fired independent space heaters Flueless Thermal efficiency requirements for this BS EN 14829 2007 Independent gas fired type of appliance are not specified as all flueless space heaters for nominal heat input not the heat produced by the combustion exceeding 6 kW process is released into the space to be aa heated In SAP 2012 the efficiency of these BS EN 449 2002 A1 2007 Specification for appliances is classed as 90 and an dedicated liquefied petroleum gas appliances adjustment is made for ventilation in the Domestic flueless space heaters including diffusive space heating requirement calculation catalytic combustion heaters 2 6 Gas fired fixed decorative fuel effect fires This type of appliance is intended for decorative purposes and therefore a minimum thermal efficiency is not specified Note that for the purposes of SAP 2012 the efficiency of decorative fuel effect fires is classed as 20 in the space heating requirement calculation See Table 4a of SAP 2012 Gas fired decorative fires in new and existing dwellings should a meet the product standards in BS EN 509 2000 Decorative fuel effect gas appliances and b number not more than one appliance per 100 m of dwelling floor area 2 7 Gas fires for secondary space heating provided as part of a combined fire and back boiler unit Where gas fires
85. ives factors for converting net efficiency to gross efficiency Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services Gas fires in combined fire back boilers Efficiency gross Veplavemels Natural gas LPG Inset live fuel effect 45 46 All types except inset live fuel effect 63 64 Oil fired wet central heating Seasonal efficiency SEDBUK 2009 SEDBUK 2005 Condensing regular boilers 88 90 Condensing combination boilers 86 86 Non condensing regular boilers where permitted 84 85 Non condensing combination boilers where permitted 82 82 Range cooker boilers 80 80 Oil fired appliances Efficiency gross Continuously burning vaporising for secondary heating See Section 3 4 or hot water Fixed independent for primary and secondary space 60 heating Electric heating Efficiency Boilers serving central heating N A Warm air N A Panel heaters N A Storage including integrated storage direct N A Solid fuel heating Efficiency gross Feed B1 Simple open fire inset 37 Batch B2 Open fire freestanding convector 47 Batch B3 Open fire inset convector 45 mineral fuels 43 wood fuels C1 2 Open fire and boiler inset or freestanding 50 Batch D1 2 3 Open fire high output boiler trapezium and 63 Batch rectangular grate
86. ixed independent appliances for secondary space heating Where gas fired fixed independent space heating appliances are provided as the secondary heat source a In new dwellings the appliance efficiency gross calorific value should be not less than 63 70 net b In existing dwellings the appliance efficiency gross calorific value should be not less than 45 50 net c The appliance manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance should include the following statement and information The efficiency of this appliance has been measured as specified in insert appropriate entry from Table 9 and the result after conversion to gross using the appropriate factor from Table E4 of SAP 2012 is xx The test data has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified Body The efficiency value may be used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for energy rating of dwellings 22 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 9 Approporiate types of natural gas and LPG fired fixed independent appliances for secondary space heating BS EN 1266 2002 Independent gas fired convection heaters incorporating a fan to assist transportation of combustion air and or flue gases BS 7977 1 2009 A1 2013 Specification for safety and rational use of energy of domestic gas appliances Radiant convectors BS EN 613 2001 Independent gas f
87. lation of the design heat load BS EN 14336 2004 Heating systems in buildings Installation and commissioning of water based heating systems BS 6798 2009 Specification for installation and maintenance of gas fired boilers of rated input not exceeding 70 kW net BS 5871 1 2007 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires convector heaters fire back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances Gas fires convector heaters fire back boilers and heating stoves 2nd and 3rd family gases BS 5871 4 2007 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires convector heaters fire back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances Independent gas fired flue less fires convector heaters and heating stoves of nominal heat input not exceeding 6 kW 2nd and 3rd family gases BS 5871 2 2005 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires convector heaters fire back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances Inset live fuel effect gas fires of heat input not exceeding 15 kW and fire back boilers 2nd and 3rd family gases BS 5871 3 2005 Specification for the installation and maintenance of gas fires convector heaters fire back boilers and decorative fuel effect gas appliances Decorative fuel effect gas appliances of heat input not exceeding 20 kW 2nd and 3rd family gases 25 Domestic Building Services C
88. linder thermostat or electric temperature control c If separate time control for the heating circuit is not present use of single time control for space heating and hot water is acceptable Planned d Install a boiler interlock and c Upgrade gravity fed systems to separate timing for space fully pumped heating and hot water 2 0 Emergency a The efficiency of the new a Upgrade gravity fed systems to Boiler Planned appliance should be as fully pumped specified in Table 11 b Fit individual radiator controls b To ensure reasonable seasonal such as thermostatic radiator efficiency install a boiler valves TRVs on all radiators interlock as defined for new except those in the reference systems room 3 0 Emergency a Fit a TRV to the replacement Radiator radiator if in a room without a room thermostat Planned b Fit TRVs to all radiators in rooms without a room thermostat 4 0 Planned a Install a boiler interlock as In dwellings with a total floor area New defined for new systems greater than 150 m install at least cas b Fit individual aitor Contos rue alh r i oO rehieeae e together with eaten g except those in the reference ee pipework acm radiator controls such as TRVs on retained all radiators except those in the reference rooms Notes 1 Always also follow manufacturers instructions 2 Best practice would be as for a new system 32 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Editi
89. ly with building regulations but for which a building warrant is not required are set out in schedule 3 to regulation 5 refer to section 0 of the Technical Handbooks 1 5 How to use this guide The guide is fdivided into the following sections Section 1 Introduction and summary of energy efficiency standards Fuel based Section 2 Gas fired space and water heating Section 3 Oil fired space and water heating Section 4 Electric heating Section 5 Solid fuel heating e Technology specific Section 6 Community heating Section 7 Underfloor heating Section 8 Mechanical ventilation Section 9 Heat pumps Section 10 Comfort cooling Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 11 Solar water heating Section 12 Lighting Section 13 Micro combined heat and power Section 14 Heating system circulators For any particular application reference may need to be made to more than one section Supplementary information is shown against a blue background This may be further information to help in establishing the minimum energy efficiency provisions needed to comply with the building regulations or it may be guidance on best practice that goes beyond the recommended minimum standards Key terms are printed in italics and are defined at appropriate points throughout the guide 1 6 Keyterms Fixed building services means any part of or any controls associated with a fixed internal or external lightin
90. m K W systems 4 0 Underfloor heating distribution System design boards or warm water distribution to minimise manifolds should be located centrally distribution between the rooms being heated losses thus minimising the length of interconnecting services Service pipes carrying hot water to more distant rooms should be insulated or routed through conduits to reduce distribution losses and the risk of overheating the room or floor finish 64 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 32 Recommended minimum standards for floor insulation and minimising distribution losses in wet and electric underfloor heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 5 0 System commissioning and corrosion protection Control of oxidation biofilm scale and sludge in warm water heating systems a Commissioning warm water floor heating systems should be carried out in accordance with BS EN 1264 4 Even where plastic tubes contain oxygen gas barriers the control of corrosion in mixed product heating systems must be addressed carefully b After testing and flushing with clean water the system circulating fluid should be treated with a suitable corrosion inhibitor approved by the tube manufacturer and complying British and European Standards BS BS EN 1264 4 2009 Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems Installatio
91. m fossil fuelled boilers or where to an equivalent flow temperatures over 100 C are being used performance for conventionally insulated pipes Heat losses can be reduced by optimising operating temperatures in conjunction with the need to minimise pumping energy Variable volume control systems will assist in maintaining low return temperatures While some bypasses may be needed to maintain the system in a hot condition ready to meet the demand these should be controlled to the minimum flow needed The use of temperature controlled bypass valves where the bypass only operates when flow temperature has dropped below a set level is recommended Designing for minimum heat losses All pipework should be insulated to prevent uncontrolled heat loss when passing through communal spaces that may otherwise suffer from overheating Supplementary information Good Practice Guide GPG234 Guide to community heating and CHP Commercial public and domestic applications Available from the Carbon Trust BS EN 13941 2009 A1 2010 Design and installation of pre insulated bonded pipe systems for direct heating BS EN 14419 2009 District heating pipes Pre insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Surveillance systems BS EN 253 2009 A1 2013 District heating pipes Pre insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Pipe assembly of steel service pi
92. mation 6 0 System control Solar domestic hot water DHW system controls should be fitted to vi maximise the useful energy gain from the solar collectors into the system s dedicated storage minimise the accidental loss of stored energy by the solar DHW system whether originating from solar collectors cold intake or auxiliary heat sources ensure that hot water produced by back up auxiliary heat sources is not used when adequate grade solar pre heated water is available provide a means of control consistent with the solar system being hydraulically inherently secure against the adverse effects of excessive primary temperatures and pressures where a separate DHW heating appliance is pre heated by a solar system control the appliance where possible such that no extra heat is added if the target temperature is already satisfied from the pre heat vessel inform the end user of the system s correct function and performance at all times 7 0 Solar pre heated water storage a Vented copper hot water storage vessels should comply with the heat loss and back up heating heat exchanger requirements of BS 1566 1 2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vented copper cylinders Requirement and test methods Unvented hot water storage system products should i comply with BS EN 12897 2006 or ii be certified by the British Board of Agr ment the Water Research
93. mers providing timing control to each circuit or heating iii programmable room thermostats to the heating circuits with separate timing of the hot water circuit 4 0 Separate temperature control of zones within the dwelling should be provided Temperature using control of i room thermostats or programmable room thermostats in all zones or aara ii a room thermostat or programmable room thermostat in the main zone and g individual radiator controls such as thermostatic radiator valves TRVs or iii a Combination of i and ii above 5 0 a A cylinder thermostat and a zone valve or three port valve should be fitted to Temperature control the temperature of stored hot water control of b Non electric hot water controllers should not be used seth c Where permitted by the manufacturer the cylinder thermostat should be wired to provide a boiler interlock Supplementary information Boiler interlock provided by a wiring arrangement to prevent the system from operating when there is no demand for heat should only be fitted if recommended by the manufacturer In some simple batch fed or automatic appliances without heat stores or without automatic ignition it is not possible to switch off the heat output completely but the appliance output can be lowered to a minimum to reduce fuel consumption In most solid fuel systems the room thermostat will switch off the pump which in turn will cause the boiler to operate at minimum out
94. mineral fuel as burnt on a dual fuel stove 0 226 Smoke control Within local authority smoke control areas only anthracite or other authorised smokeless fuels may be used unless the property is fitted with an exempted appliance An exempted appliance is one that has been approved by Parliamentary Statutory Instrument for installation in smoke control areas and prospective purchasers should check that the appliance and intended fuel are permitted A list of currently authorised fuels and exempted appliances is given on the web site www uksmokecontrolareas co uk Outside a smoke control area house coal or wood can be burnt on non exempted appliances Wood should always be seasoned to a moisture content appropriate to the design and performance of the appliance for example log wood not exceeding 20 to ensure maximum performance and limit the occurrence of condensation and deposits in the chimney system All solid fuel appliances require appropriate soot fire resistant chimneys discharging at high level locations as defined within the building regulations Details of HETAS approved chimney products independently tested and approved to accepted standards can be found on the HETAS website The natural ventilation rates of these chimneys may be less than the default values listed within SAP 2012 the use of these more accurate values will reduce SAP calculated CO emissions 45 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition
95. ms where solar heating or a heat pump is backed up with electric heating or a fossil fuel boiler 69 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Energy labelling with the SPEER will be mandatory from 2015 under the Energy Labelling Directive Testing and rating will be in accordance with EN 14825 as for SCOP 9 3 Warm water and hot water heat pumps At the time of preparation of this guide European Commission Regulation No 206 2012 sets standards for the SCOP of electrically driven air to air heat pumps with an output lt 12 kW There are currently no European test standards for part load testing of air to air heat pumps with an output gt 12 kW or for other types of heat pump and the performance of these must be specified using COP obtained at the heating system rating conditions The current recommendations in this guide therefore are that electrically driven heat pumps should a if air to air with an output lt 12 kW have at least a SCOP D rating for the median temperature range in EN 14825 b or else have a COP which is not less than i 2 5 for space heating in new dwellings ii 2 2 for space heating in existing dwellings iii 2 0 for heating domestic hot water c meet the minimum standards for supply temperature wet system radiator efficiency installation and commissioning hot water and controls in Table 36 for warm water and hot water heat pumps d meet the minimum standards for inst
96. n BS 7593 2006 Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems DIN 4726 2008 2010 Warm water surface heating systems and radiator connecting systems Plastic piping systems and multilayering piping systems with BS 7593 2006 or DIN 4726 6 2008 2010 and applied strictly in accordance with the additive manufacturer s instructions Inhibitors should be BuildCert approved or equivalent Table 33 Recommended minimum standards for construction and control of electric underfloor heating systems Minimum standard 1 0 Construction Electric storage systems with individual room or programmable thermostats and a Electric cable underfloor heating low tariff night energy storage systems should have a 65 mm minimum thickness screed for correct operation b Principal rooms containing 80 floor area should be assigned to low tariff heating cables and 20 of the floor low tariff area should be assigned to either direct acting perimeter e heating cables or systems such as ceiling or panel heaters controls in order to maximise energy efficiency Supplementary Information Other areas should be assigned as low tariff heating cables only subject to heat requirements Bathrooms and separate kitchens may have direct acting heating cables subject to heat requirements 2 0 Controls a Anticipatory controllers should be installed
97. ndicated in the Supplementary Information column and labelled accordingly as follows Primary circulation pipes for heating circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length subject only to practical constraints imposed by the need to penetrate joists and other structural elements All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels including the vent pipe should be insulated for at least 1 metre from their points of connection to the cylinder or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed If secondary circulation is used all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated b Whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system Pipe outside Maximum heat diameter mm loss W m 8 7 06 10 7 23 12 7 35 15 7 89 22 9 12 28 10 07 35 11 08 42 12 19 54 14 12 In assessing the thickness of insulation required standardised conditions should be assumed in all compliance calculations based on a horizontal pipe at 60 C in still air at 15 C Further guidance on converting heat loss limits to insulation thickness for specific thermal conductivities is available in TIMSA HVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the B
98. nergy efficiency standards is presented in Table 1 at the end of this section 1 2 Innovative systems It is also important to note that this guide covers a range of frequently occurring situations and deals with the most commonly used fixed building services technologies In doing so it neither endorses these methods and technologies nor excludes other more innovative technologies that may offer an alternative means of meeting the functional requirements of building regulations l http www bre co uk SAP2012 http Awww microgenerationcertification org mcs standards mcs standards 3 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Where the alternative technology has been the subject of a recognised testing procedure that assesses its energy performance this may be used to indicate that the system is adequately efficient In the event that there is no recognised testing standard suitable calculations or modelling methods should be used to show the carbon performance of the system 1 3 European Directives The design and installation of fixed building services products such as boilers circulators and heat pumps shall at the appropriate time comply with all relevant requirements of EU Directives as implemented in the United Kingdom There are a number of Directives with requirements that directly or indirectly control the energy efficiency of building services The Ecodesign Directive 2009 125 EC provides a fr
99. net absorber area whichever is smaller A separate pre heat storage vessel should be considered wherever possible 9 0 System preparation and water treatment New build a Solar primary circuits should be thoroughly cleaned with an appropriate cleaner and flushed through with solar heat transfer fluid before filling with the solar heat transfer fluid b Systems should be filled with a heat transfer fluid containing a volatile inhibitor package capable of protecting the system from frost and corrosion at all operating temperatures c Installers should refer to the equipment manufacturer s installation instructions for appropriate treatment products and special requirements for individual appliance models d Where mains water is used to fill the solar primary circuit and the total water hardness exceeds 200 parts per million provision should be made to reduce the limescale Existing installations e Solar thermal systems should be cleaned with an appropriate cleaner formulated to remove build up of degradation films from exhausted heat transfer fluids then flushed through with fresh solar heat transfer fluid f Systems should be filled with a heat transfer fluid containing a volatile inhibitor package capable of protecting the system from frost and corrosion at all operating temperatures g Installers should refer to the equipment manufacturer s installation instructions for appropriate treatmen
100. ng External lighting manual switching and automatic daylight control 45 lumens per circuit watt Micro CHP Heating plant emission rate HPER See Section 13 3 a Heating system circulators Energy Efficiency Index Glandless standalone Glandless standalone and integrated lt 0 23 11 SAP 2012 calculations use the heat pump seasonal performance factor SPF either measured values for products listed in Appendix Q or the default values in Table 4a for products not listed 1 2 SCOP is the current Ecodesign Directive measure for space heating air to air heat pumps with an output of up to 12 kW Eventually the measure used will be the seasonal primary energy efficiency ratio SPEER with testing and rating to EN 14825 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance Energy labelling with the SPEER rating will be mandatory from 2015 wo Rating conditions are standardised conditions for determining performance specified in BS EN 14511 2018 Air conditioners liquid chilling packages and heat pumps with electrically driven compressors for space heating and cooling 11 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 2 Gas fired space and water heating 2 1 Scope of guidance This
101. ng controls and insulation 3 4 Continuously burning oil fired vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot water This section provides guidance on the specification of oil fired vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot water for dwellings The guidance does not apply to appliances which have been converted from another fuel for example from solid fuel to oil Oil fired vaporising appliances provided with new systems or as replacement components in existing systems should meet the minimum standards for controls in Table 15 Table 15 Recommended minimum standards for control of continuously burning oil fired vaporising appliances Supplementary Appliance type Minimum standard information a Manually operated appliance e g The integral manual controls as provided Information room heater by appliance manufacturer about the use of controls b Electrically operated modulating The integral or remote thermostatic should be appliance e g room heater controls as provided or specified by the clearly stated in appliance manufacturer the p manufacturer s Automatic ON OFF vaporising appliances ierature c Room heater providing The integral thermostatic controls as secondary space heating provided by the appliance manufacturer d Room heater providing domestic The integral or remote thermostatic hot water amp Secondary space controls as provided or specified by the he
102. ng boilers a reasonable minimum proportion of the annual heat supply from the heat pump would be 45 of the annual space heating demand 5 0 Solar No minimum standard but see Supplementary Information Solar thermal panels can be used as the heat source for a centralised domestic hot water system 56 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Control type Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m In single storey open plan dwellings Zoning should have at least two space heating in which the living area is greater zones with independent temperature than 70 of the total floor area sub control one of which is assigned to the zoning of temperature control is not living area appropriate b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones with independent temperature and time control 2 0 a Time control of space heating may be Where the hot water is produced Time control provided by instantaneously such as with a plate of space i a full programmer or heat exchanger time control is only heating ii two or more separate timers required for space heating zones providing timing control to each Time control of domestic hot water zone or heating using a cylinder is not iii programmable room thermostats to Considered essential for community the heating ci
103. nstrated to the resident and suitable information provided on the operation of the controls 2 0 A suitable system for A suitable long term programme of water Water introduction of water treatment treatment is essential to preserve the life of the treatment chemicals into the community community heating system by limiting internal heating system in a controlled corrosion ala A ai Additional chemical and physical treatment should E rovided quanty should be evaluated especially for larger P systems including e removal of oxygen by physical means e softened water supply e side stream filtration e biocide 3 0 Provision should be made in the The Energy Efficiency Directive will set stronger Heat design for including heat meters requirements For up to date information see meters either at the time of installation https www gov uk decc or at a later date without major pipework changes 4 0 a The community heating Where the central heat source includes a low Commiss system should be carbon heat source the control system should ioning commissioned so that the be proven by demonstrating that the low carbon heat source will normally act as the lead heat source 59 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 29 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of internal pipework in community heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a Pipes should be
104. oiler is to be used in conjunction with conventionally fuelled heating boilers or electric heating a reasonable minimum proportion of the annual heat supply from biofuels would be 45 of the annual heat demand space domestic hot water and process heating 3 0 Combined heat and power CHP Where CHP is used in conjunction with boiler plant the control system should ensure that as far as is practicable the CHP plant operates as the lead heat source CHP capacity should be optimised to meet the required economic and environmental objectives A reasonable minimum proportion of the annual heat supply from CHP would be 45 of the annual heat demand space domestic and hot water heating To maximise the use of CHP heat over the year consideration should be given to the use of thermal storage to meet peaks especially in the early morning period The procedure given in SAP 2012 should be used to calculate the carbon emissions from CHP systems 4 0 Heat Pumps No minimum standard but see Supplementary Information Heat pumps can be used as a heat source for community heating systems Selection of operating temperatures to optimise the efficiency of the community heating system and achieve high COPs is important if carbon emissions are to be reduced This may involve the use of underfloor heating and the provision of domestic hot water by other means Where heat pumps are installed in conjunction with heati
105. ollow the manufacturer s instructions and should comply with all relevant parts of the building regulations and for wet systems Scottish Water Byelaws 26 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 Efficiency Regular boilers a The boiler should be of the condensing type b The boiler SEDBUK 2009 efficiency should be not less than 88 c In existing dwellings compliance with the requirements for boiler efficiency can be demonstrated by following the guidance in the Building Standards Division Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings The boiler SEDBUK 2009 efficiency should be not less than 84 Combination boilers d The boiler should be of the condensing type The boiler SEDBUK 2009 efficiency should be not less than 86 e In existing dwellings compliance with the requirements for boiler efficiency can be demonstrated by following the guidance in BSD Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessment procedure for dwellings The boiler SEDBUK 2009 efficiency should be not less than 82 Range cooker boilers f The boiler efficiency for heating boilers that are combined with range cookers should be as defined in Section 3 3 Oil fired cookers with integral central heating boilers The Boiler Efficiency Database at www boilers org uk is part of the SAP
106. ompliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 3 Oil fired space and water heating 3 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of oil fired space heating and hot water systems in dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance applies to the following types of oil fired heating system e wet central heating systems e range cookers with integral central heating boilers e vaporising appliances providing secondary heating or hot water e fixed independent space heating devices 3 2 Oil fired wet central heating systems New systems New systems for oil fired central heating in new and existing dwellings should meet the minimum standards for a boiler efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning in Table 11 b boiler interlock zoning and time and temperature control of the heating and hot water circuits in Table 12 c pipework insulation in Table 14 Work on existing systems Components installed as replacements in existing systems should meet the same standards as for new systems except where indicated otherwise in Table 13 Table 13 in addition identifies good practice upgrades to the rest of the system when making planned and emergency replacements that go beyond the requirements of the building regulations All oil appliances must be installed by a competent person The installation should f
107. on Table 14 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in oil fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a Pipes should be insulated to comply with the maximum permissible heat loss indicated in the Supplementary Information column and labelled accordingly as follows Primary circulation pipes for heating circuits should be insulated wherever they pass outside the heated living space or through voids which communicate with and are ventilated from unheated spaces Primary circulation pipes for domestic hot water circuits should be insulated throughout their length subject only to practical constraints imposed by the need to penetrate joists and other structural elements All pipes connected to hot water storage vessels including the vent pipe should be insulated for at least 1 metre from their points of connection to the cylinder or they should be insulated up to the point where they become concealed If secondary circulation is used all pipes kept hot by that circulation should be insulated b Whenever a boiler or hot water storage vessel is replaced in an existing system Pipe outside Maximum heat diameter mm loss W m 8 7 06 10 7 23 12 7 35 15 7 89 22 9 12 28 10 07 35 11 08 42 12 19 54 14 12 In assessing the thickness of insulation required standardised conditions should be assumed in all compliance calculations based
108. on heat sources especially where individual heating systems are being considered as an alternative to continuing with the community heating system Replacement boilers should meet the minimum standards for boiler efficiency in the Non domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland If thermal energy is purchased from an existing district or community heating system an assessment of the carbon intensity of the scheme should be carried out Emission factors should be determined based on the particular details of the scheme but should take account of the annual average performance of the whole system that is of the distribution circuits and all the heat generating plant including any CHP and any waste heat recovery or heat dumping The calculation of the Dwelling CO2 Emission Rate should be carried out by a person who is familiar with the calculation methodology and can explain how the emission factors were derived Controls should meet the minimum standards in Table 27 Pipework insulation should meet the minimum standards in Table 29 and Table 30 54 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition ojis amp Ued O e U c de e U e e ee U ote e e ee or Q e gp e J Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a Boiler only community When calculating the carbon emission Boilers heating systems for new rate the type and quantity of fuel used dwellings may be used and also the
109. or achieving compliance with Part L of the Building Regulations Insulation of pipework in unheated areas It may be necessary to protect central heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing Guidance is available in e BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 18 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition 2 3 Gas fired range cookers with integral central heating boiler Note This section does not apply to appliances with fully independent boiler and cooker parts within a shared case For these the standards for the boiler are as set out in Section 2 2 Where gas fired range cookers with an integral central heating boiler within a single appliance body are provided as part of a new system or as a replacement component a The appliance should have two independently controlled burners one for the cooking b 2 4 function and one for the boiler The SEDBUK 2009 efficiency of the integral boiler should be not less than 75 The manufacturer s declaration of appliance performance and SEDBUK value should include the following statement and information i Seasonal efficiency SEDBUK xx ii Case heat emission value yy kW iii Heat tran
110. orrosion inhibitor specifically formulated for the purpose should be added and properly maintained Manufacturers should be consulted for advice paying particular attention to dosage levels Special radiator valves are available that will seal off the radiator as well as the heating circuit to prevent loss of inhibitor when removing a radiator for service or maintenance A filter can also be fitted to the central heating circuit to help maintain the efficiency and reliability of the system 29 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 11 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for oil fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 5 0 Commis sioning a On completion of the installation of a boiler or a hot water storage system together with associated equipment such as pipework pumps and controls the equipment should be commissioned in accordance with the manufacturer s instructions These instructions will be specific to the particular boiler or hot water storage system b The installer should explain fully to the user how to operate the system in an energy efficient manner and behind any user manuals provided by manufacturers The Oil Controlled Document System as produced and managed by OFTEC can be used to show that oil fired a
111. own thermostat sensor or Room programmable thermostat paul aarti b Where two adjacent rooms have a similar function and electric for example a kitchen and a utility room it may be underloor appropriate for both rooms to share a single heati temperature control eating systems 3 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m should have Facilities for automatic Time at least two space heating zones with independent setback of room control temperature control one of which is assigned to the temperature to a lower Wet and living area level at night or during electric b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have ee ae ane underfloor at least two space heating zones with independent eee d pence z heating on off time and temperature control e varmaa systems c For single storey open plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than 70 of the total floor area sub zoning of temperature control is not appropriate d Thick screed floor heating systems gt 65 mm should have facilities for automatic setback of room temperature to a lower level at night or during unoccupied periods 4 0 The heating system controls should be connected so Boiler that when there is no demand for heat the heat source control Wet and pump are switched off underfloor heating systems only 63 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition ojis gt S Ued d or igo e ole D d e U e J U e
112. pe polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene BS EN 448 2009 District heating pipes Pre insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Fitting assemblies of steel service pipes polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene BS EN 488 2011 District heating pipes Pre insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Steel valve assembly for steel service pipes polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene BS EN 489 2009 District heating pipes Pre insulated bonded pipe systems for directly buried hot water networks Joint assembly for steel service pipes polyurethane thermal insulation and outer casing of polyethylene 61 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 7 Underfloor heating 7 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of underfloor heating systems in new dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations The guidance covers the use of hot water pipes or electric heating elements as the underfloor heat source 7 2 Underfloor heating in new dwellings Underfloor heating in new dwellings should meet the minimum standards for a system control and safe operating temperatures in Table 31 b floor insulation and system design to minimise distribution losses in Table 32 c inthe cas
113. peration or arranged with a low loss manifold system to maximise efficiency and ease commissioning and future maintenance b Pipework not contributing to the space heating should be insulated to prevent heat loss following the guidance in the TIMSA guide c If summer cooling is provided by the heat pump all water distribution pipework should be insulated to prevent condensation following the guidance in the TIMSA guide d External pipework between the dwelling and the ground heat exchanger should be insulated following the TIMSA guidance e The ground loop water circuit should be protected with an anti freeze solution and inhibitor as recommended by the heat pump manufacturer f Ground loops should be cleaned with a cleaning fluid and biocide as part of the commissioning process g The internal water distribution circuit should contain an inhibitor and may be protected by an anti freeze solution as recommended by the heat pump manufacturer h Ground loops should be filled with a heat transfer fluid Installers should also refer to the equipment manufacturer s installation instructions for appropriate treatment products and special requirements for individual appliance models Design A pressurised water distribution system with expansion vessel is recommended Constant water flow should be maintained through the heat pump Pipe sizes should be in accordance with the manufacturer s recomm
114. pipe should be as change of solar storage is carried out insulated for at least 1 metre from their points of connection to the cylinder or insulated up A fully filled or drainback solar hot water system can have a pipe service temperature of 150 C The insulation material to the point where they become should be specified to accommodate this temperature An Sonseed EPDM based rubber would normally be a minimum requirement for such an application Any insulation specified c Pipes should be insulated with should be better than 0 044 W m K at 40 C mean and the materials labelled as complying insulation diameter should be 87 of the pipe diameter with the Domestic building services compliance guide for Pipe outside Maximum heat Scotland and in line with the diameter mm loss W m guidance in the TIMSA guide 8mm 7 06 W m d Heat loss values should not exceed the values in the 10 mm 7 23 Wim Supplementary Information 12mm 7 35 W m coimh 15 mm 7 89 W m 22 mm 9 12 W m 28 mm 10 07 W m 35 mm 11 08 W m 42 mm 12 19 W m 54 mm 14 12 W m In assessing the thickness of insulation required standardised conditions should be assumed in all compliance calculations based on a horizontal pipe at 40 C in still air at 15 C Further guidance on converting heat loss limits to thicknesses of insulation for specific thermal conductivities is available in the TIMSA HVAC guidance for achieving compliance with Part L of the Building
115. ppliances and related systems have been installed and commissioned satisfactorily by listing and recording works and checks which are deemed necessary for the efficient operation of the appliance and system in compliance with the building regulations A copy of each completed form is left with the householder or agent for record and or Building Standards inspection purposes and a copy is retained by the issuing installer and engineer OFTEC branded forms are provided for the use of OFTEC Registered installers and non OFTEC branded forms are available for others carrying out oil fired installation and commissioning works To assist installers OFTEC oil appliance manufacturing members may provide forms CD 10 amp CD 11 or equivalent Boiler Passport with their equipment Controlled Document CD 10 Installing engineers should complete OFTEC Form CD 10 to show that they have compliantly completed the installation of an oil fired appliance and controls and wet system commissioning prior to final appliance commissioning Controlled Document CD 11 Commissioning engineers of oil fired appliances should complete OFTEC Form CD 11 to record and show that they have completed the commissioning of the appliance and that they have left it operating in a safe and efficient manner 30 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 12 Recommended minimum controls of oil fired wet central heating
116. put Some automatic solid fuel systems can be fitted with weather compensation and incorporate multi zone control It is important to seek guidance from the manufacturer especially if the heating package is to include other fuels Controls may be provided by any boiler management control system that meets the specified zoning timing and temperature and boiler interlock control requirements The level of sophistication should generally be appropriate to and compatible with the appliance The highest levels are only appropriate to appliances with automatic ignition As far as it is practicable and economic to do so when working on existing systems controls should be upgraded to the levels defined for new systems 49 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 24 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in solid fuel central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a Pipes should be insulated to comply with Pipe outside Maximum heat the maximum permissible heat loss diameter mm loss W m indicated in the Supplementary 8 7 06 Information column and labelled i accordingly as follows 10 7 23 i Primary circulation pipes for heating 12 7 35 circuits should be insulated wherever 15 7 89 they pass outside the heated living i space or through voids which 22 9 12 communicate with and are ventilated 28 10 07 from unheated spaces P l 35 11 08 ii Prim
117. r heaters of rated input not exceeding b Ductwork that is newly installed or 3 replaced should be insulated in HO pera and We vel accordance with the recommendations geese 2 EINER of BS 5422 2009 BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range 40 C to 700 C 20 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 7 Recommended minimum standards for control of gas fired warm air heating systems a Without hot water 1 0 Time and temperature control a Where controls are external to heater the system should be provided with a time switch programmer and room thermostat or programmable room thermostat b Where controls are integrated in the heater the system should be provided with a time switch programmer and room temperature sensor linked to heater firing and fan speed control 2 0 Zoning a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m should be divided into at least two space heating zones with independent temperature controls one of which is assigned to the living area b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should be provided with at least two space heating zones with independent time and temperature controls b With hot water 1 0 System circulation a There should be pumped primary circulation to the hot water cylinder
118. rature at 1000 W m and 30 C ambient x volume of heat transfer fluid xi weight of empty solar collector b All hot water storage vessels should carry a label with the following information i manufacturer s name ii nominal overall capacity in litres iii dedicated solar capacity in litres iv standing heat loss in kWh day v type of vessel vi back up heating heat exchanger performance in kW where present vii solar heating heat exchanger performance in kW 80 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 40 Recommended minimum standards for labelling commissioning and documentation for solar hot water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 2 0 a A signed and dated commissioning A signed commissioning Commiss certificate should be completed to confirm certificate certifying that the ioning the equipment has been correctly installed equipment is safe legal and fit and to record key safety and operational for its intended purpose should features be handed over to the dwelling b As a minimum the commissioning certificate ovnar Or Ser 2s aigales a should record the following details of the A separate certificate is required solar system to cover the installation and commissioning of the hot water storage vessels and appliances ii minimum ambient temperature without within a solar DHW system freeze damage to components i net or aperture a
119. rcuits heating and could be a disadvantage with CHP based systems increasing b For dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 the morning peak demand and mf time control for the separate space hence causing more use of the boiler heating zones can be provided using than necessary i multiple heating zone programmers or ii a single multi channel programmer 3 0 Separate temperature control of zones Control valves and TRVs should be Temperature within the dwelling should be provided two port type to reduce flow rates control of using under part load ope i room thermostats or programmable Differential pressures across control heating room thermostats in all zones or valves and TRVs should be limited to ii a room thermostat or programmable ensure that the control valves work room thermostat in the main zone and effectively and maintain shut off individual radiator controls such as thermostatic radiator valves TRVs on all radiators in the other zones or iii a combination of i and ii above 4 0 Temperature control of the domestic hot Where instantaneous heat Temperature water service should be provided using exchangers are used the control valve control of two port control valves either electrically should be selected to maintain steady domestic operated or direct acting temperatures lt 5 C for a range of hot water draw off rates and primary differential pressures To reduce the incidence of scaling the control val
120. rea of solar collector A commissioning engineer iii location of device and method for should be a competent person controlling over pressure who can personally testify by signature and date that the equipment has been v type of circulation fluid commissioned iv location of the electrical isolating switch vi circulation rate of collector circuit vii location of device for protecting against overheating of solar heated water 3 0 Information provided to the Document dwelling owner or user should ation include e user manual e warranty information e arecommended maintenance schedule e commissioning certificate e full contact details of the installer 81 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 41 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in solar hot water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information a All pipes of a solar primary The insulation should be suitably rated for the maximum system should be insulated foreseeable pipe temperature applicable and where external throughout the length of the also be resistant to vermin attack and climatic degradation circuit In a dwelling that already has a solar hot water system it is b All other pipes connected to hot recommended that the insulation should be upgraded in line water storage vessels including with these minimum provisions where significant work such the vent
121. reatment and commissioning should be to the standards in Table 22 d control of heating and hot water circuits should be to the standards in Table 23 e pipework should be insulated to the standards in Table 24 Supplementary information Turn down values i e the ratio of high to low output Turn down ratios are generally very good gt 10 1 for automatic feed appliances with small firebeds Turn down ratios are poorer with large batch fed appliances unless the latter are used in conjunction with a hot water accumulator Automatic appliances are likely to require less frequent refuelling Automatic e g electric or gas ignition is now available for certain designs and reduces energy usage at times of low demand allowing boiler interlock Some boilers have both auto ignition and fire extinguishing features Link up systems It is possible to connect together two or more heating appliances with boilers at least one of which can be solid fuel fired to maximise flexibility and efficiency For example an oil or gas boiler could be combined with a wood burning stove with boiler sited in the living room This combination with wood burning appliances will reduce overall carbon emissions Both systems should be designed to appropriate installation codes 46 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 22 Recommended minimum standards for system circulation fuel storage hot water storage sy
122. red wet central heating Seasonal efficiency SEDBUK 2009 SEDBUK 2005 Condensing boilers 88 90 Non condensing boilers where permitted natural gas 78 78 LPG 80 80 Range cooker boilers 75 75 Gas fired warm air heating Efficiency See Table 6 Gas fired fixed independent space heaters Efficiency gross Gas and LPG primary 63 Gas and LPG secondary heating 63 new build 45 existing build Decorative fuel effect Not specified set to 20 in SAP 2012 3 Emerging European regulations implementing the Ecodesign Directive will set minimum standards for the efficiency of energy using products that can be placed on the market Products should also comply with these standards as they come into effect Current regulations are listed at http ec europa eu energy efficiency ecodesign doc overview legislation eco design pdf Seasonal Efficiency of Domestic Boilers in the UK SEDBUK The boiler efficiency should meet either the SEDBUK 2009 or SEDBUK 2005 standard If the SEDBUK efficiency in a boiler manufacturer s literature does not state whether it is SEDBUK 2009 or SEDBUK 2005 it should be assumed to be SEDBUK 2005 10 Efficiency is heat output divided by calorific value of fuel The net calorific value of a fuel excludes the latent heat of water vapour in the exhaust and so is lower than the gross calorific value European standards normally use net calorific values while SAP 2012 uses gross values SAP Table E4 g
123. reduce the volume of water and the pressure difference required from the pumps under part load Pumping energy can be minimised by optimising operating temperatures and pipe sizes to reduce installed pump power To take full advantage of variable volume systems variable speed pumps should be installed and controlled to deliver the required pressure difference to suit the load Further guidance is provided in BSRIA Application Guide AG 16 2002 Variable flow water systems design installation and commissioning guidance 55 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 26 Recommended minimum standards for design of low carbon heat sources where these are included in community heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 Low carbon heat sources a No minimum standard but see Supplementary Information Community heating systems can be designed to use low carbon heat sources to meet all or part of the heat demand which may enable some relaxation of the U values that would otherwise be required 2 0 Biofuels No minimum standard but see supplementary information Biofuels can be used to provide heat from boiler systems or as a fuel for CHP systems Consideration should be given to operation and maintenance of the plant to ensure a long life and to prevent a later replacement by a conventional fuel system Where a biofuel b
124. rlock control requirements 38 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 18 Recommended minimum standards for hot water storage in electric wet central heating systems Minimum standard 1 0 Vented systems including cylinders heated primarily by a Vented copper hot water storage vessels should comply with BS 1566 1 2002 or BS 3198 1981 b Vented cylinders in materials other than copper should also be labelled as complying with the heat loss requirements of BS 1566 1 2002 electricity c For vented replacements electrically heated combination units should be insulated such that the heat loss does not exceed the value Q 1 28x 0 2 0 051V7 kWh day where V is the nominal cylinder volume in litres This applies to electrically heated combination units as well as other electrically heated cylinders d In vented new systems electrically heated combination units should be insulated such that the heat loss does not exceed the value Q 1 15x 0 2 0 051 V2 kWh day where V is the nominal cylinder volume in litres This applies to electrically heated combination units as well as other electrically heated cylinders 2 0 a Products should either comply with BS EN 12897 2006 or an equivalent Unvented systems including cylinders heated primarily by standard b Cylinders heated primarily by electricity should be insulated such that their heat loss does not exceed Q 1 1
125. s D4 Open fire high output boiler rectangle 63 Batch E1 Dry room heater often known as dry stove 65 Batch Auto E2 Dry room heater logs only 65 Batch E3 Dry room heater multi fuel 65 Batch E4 Dry room heater pellet stove 65 part load Auto 70 nominal load Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services Solid fuel heating Efficiency gross Feed F Room heater with boiler 67 mineral fuels and logs Batch 70 wood pellets part load Auto 75 wood pellets nominal load G1 Cooker without boiler not exceeding 3 5 kW 65 mineral fuels Batch 55 wood fuels G2 Cooker with heating boiler exceeding 3 5 kW 65 mineral fuels Batch 60 wood fuels J2 Independent boiler batch fed wood logs only 75 Batch J3 Independent boiler batch fed multi fuel 65 mineral fuels Batch 75 wood logs J4 Independent boiler anthracite 70 up to 20 5 kW Auto 75 above 20 5 kW J5 Independent boiler wood pellets chips 75 nominal load Auto 70 part load Slow heat release appliances 65 Batch One off tiled mortared stoves 70 Batch Community heating Seasonal efficiency Boilers See Non domestic building services compliance guide for Scotland Mechanical ventilation Specific fan power SFP max Intermittent extract 0 5 W I s Continuous e
126. section provides guidance on the specification of gas fired space heating and hot water systems in dwellings to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in building regulations The guidance applies to systems fuelled by natural gas and liquid petroleum gas LPG and covers e wet central heating systems e range cookers with integral central heating boilers e warm air heating systems e fixed independent space heating devices 2 2 Gas fired wet central heating systems New systems New systems for gas fired wet central heating in new and existing dwellings should meet the minimum standards for a boiler efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning in Table 2 b boiler interlock zoning and time and temperature control of the heating and hot water circuits in Table 3 c pipework insulation in Table 5 Existing systems Components installed as replacements in existing systems should meet the same standards as for new systems except where indicated otherwise in Table 4 Table 4 in addition identifies good practice upgrades to the rest of the system beyond the requirements of building regulations when making planned and emergency replacements 1 All gas appliances must be installed by a competent person in accordance with the current issue of the Gas Safety Installation and Use Regulations The installation should follow the manufacturer s instructions and should comply with all rele
127. sfer to water at full load zz kW iv The values are used in the UK Government s Standard Assessment Procedure SAP for the energy rating of dwellings The test data from which the values have been calculated has been certified by insert name and or identification of Notified body See www rangeefficiency org uk If the integral boiler is a condensing boiler the declaration should make clear whether the efficiency has been calculated in accordance with SEDBUK 2005 or SEDBUK 2009 If it does not then SEDBUK 2005 must be assumed The integral boiler should meet the minimum standards for system circulation hot water storage system preparation commissioning controls and insulation in Tables 2 3 and 5 gas fired central heating systems Gas fired warm air heating New systems and replacement components for gas fired warm air heating should meet the minimum standards for a b efficiency and installation in Table 6 zoning time control and temperature control for a space heating without hot water and b space heating combined with water heating in Table 7 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 6 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency and installation of gas fired warm air heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a Gas fired warm air units should meet the British and European Standards Efficiency i i eee to the design BS EN 778
128. space heating circuit should be provided with Control of i independent time control and space heating either ii aroom thermostat or programmable room thermostat located in a reference room served by the heating circuit together with individual radiator controls such as thermostatic radiator valves TRVs on all radiators outside the reference rooms or iii individual networked radiator controls in each room on the circuit 4 0 a Domestic hot water circuits supplied from a hot water store i e not Control of hot water produced instantaneously as by a combination boiler should be provided with i independent time control and ii electric temperature control using for example a cylinder thermostat and a zone valve or three port valve If the use of a zone valve is not appropriate as with thermal stores a second pump could be substituted for the zone valve Notes 1 Always also follow manufacturers instructions 2 A heating circuit refers to a pipework run serving a number of radiators that is controlled by its own zone valve 3 The relevant floor area is the area within the insulated envelope of the dwelling including internal cupboards and stairwells 4 The SAP notional dwelling assumes at least two space heating zones for all underfloor areas unless the dwelling is single storey open plan with a living area gt 70 of the total floor area 5 A reference room is a room that will act as the ma
129. standard Supplementary information 1 0 No minimum provision Solar collectors should be Allowance sited in unshaded locations for collector wherever possible Where this shading is unavoidable or in cases of significant or heavy shading or significant variance to the optimum orientation and tilt i e normal pitch roofs facing between SE and SW then an allowance for the loss of performance should be made when sizing the collector area according to the factors indicated in SAP 2012 Appendix H 2 The Microgeneration Certification Scheme Standard MIS3001 gives guidance on solar heating systems with a dedicated solar volume that is below the minimum recommended for indirect systems SAP 2012 Appendix H sets out rules for estimating the annual energy performance of solar heating systems including direct systems 76 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 39 Recommended minimum standards for indirect solar water heating Minimum standard Supplementary information 2 0 Solar collector certification Collectors should be independently certified to comply with all required tests for safety and thermal performance and for reporting and identification according to BS EN 12975 1 2006 A1 2010 Thermal solar systems and components Solar collections General requirements Copies of the full test report should be made available upon request
130. stem preparation and commissioning for solid fuel central heating Minimum standard Supplementary information gravity circulation Primary storage systems should meet the insulation requirements of section 4 3 1 or 4 3 2 of the Hot Water Association Performance specification for thermal stores Combination cylinders should comply with BS 3198 and in addition have a heat loss not exceeding 1 6 x 0 2 0 51V kWh day where V is the volume of the hot water part of the cylinder in litres All hot water storage vessels should carry a label with the following information i type of vessel ii nominal capacity in litres iii standing heat loss in kWh day iv type of vessel v heat exchanger performance in kW Vented copper hot water cylinders should carry clear labelling on the product such as a BSI Kitemark registered firm status or reference to an equivalent quality control scheme 1 0 a Where boiler interlock is available fully pumped Most solid fuel central heating System circulation should be chosen systems require a heat leak circulation b The manufacturer s instructions on the sizing radiator to dissipate heat from the and positioning of heat leak radiators should be Smouldering fire bed This is followed commonly the bathroom towel rail c Solid fuel appliances should not be fitted to Seed eae toe ee sealed heating systems pate rapa dby cases a fully pumped system
131. supply installation set to work commissioning and handover of a domestic hot water system containing an electricity led micro cogeneration package Connecting a microgeneration system to a domestic or similar electrical installation in parallel with the mains supply Best Practice Guide the Electrical Safety Council 20 Method to evaluate the annual energy performance of micro cogeneration heating systems in dwellings APM SAP 2012 revision DECC Available from www bre co uk sap2012 BSI PAS 67 2008 Laboratory tests to determine the heating and electrical performance of heat led micro cogeneration packages primarily intended for heating dwellings 88 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Section 14 Heating system circulators 14 1 Scope of guidance This section provides guidance on the specification of heating system glandless circulators both standalone and integrated in products to meet relevant energy efficiency requirements in the building regulations 14 2 Circulators Heating system glandless circulators up to 2 5 kW provided with new systems or as replacements in existing systems in dwellings should meet the minimum standards for energy efficiency in Table 43 Table 43 Recommended minimum standards for glandless heating system circulators Minimum standard Supplementary information In accordance with European Commission Regulation No Furt
132. t products and special requirements for individual appliance models Parts of BS 7593 2006 Code of practice for treatment of water in domestic hot water central heating systems may assist in flushing and cleaning procedures Legionnaire s disease The control of legionella bacteria in water systems Approved code of practice and guidance HSE Books 79 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 40 Recommended minimum standards for labelling commissioning and documentation for solar hot water systems Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a All solar collectors should have a visible and In addition to the minimum Labelling durable label displaying all information provision for labelling of hot of solar required according to BS EN 129751 water storage vessels labelling collectors 2006 A1 2010 and including at least the with the following information is and hot following also recommended water i name of manufacturer e Total net fluid content of stores secondary volume normally heated by each heat iii serial number exchanger where present 1 0 litre e The type fluid content maximum pressure and vi aperture area of collector surface area of all heat exchangers ii collector type iv year of production v gross area of collector vii net absorber area of collector viii maximum operation pressure ix stagnation tempe
133. tic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition 5 4 Solid fuel appliances for secondary heating Solid fuel appliances in new and existing dwellings that provide secondary heating and are not part of a central heating system should have the minimum efficiency gross calorific value specified in Table 21 for the category of appliance Supplementary information Minimum efficiencies Minimum efficiencies for solid fuel appliances are published in the HETAS Official guide to approved solid fuel products and services and on the website www hetas co uk Manufacturers figures may be higher but should be used only where independently certified against the harmonised European Standards now in place Appliance types The types of appliance most suitable for providing secondary heating are e Open fire with high output boiler when used with link up e Small solid fuel room heaters stoves especially wood fired These can be a dedicated wood burner or burn logs in a multi fuel appliance or use pellets They can be matched with a main heating system fired by the same or a different primary fuel or off peak electricity to reduce carbon emissions especially wood fired with or without thermostatic control Many designs can provide heating during power cuts Mineral fuel appliances can be chosen but the attention of designers is drawn to the probable need to supply additional measures as the carbon emission values of these
134. tral heating systems Minimum standard 5 0 a All hot water storage vessels should carry a label with the following Labelling information i type of vessel ii nominal capacity in litres iii standing heat loss in kWh day iv heat exchanger performance in kW b Vented copper hot water cylinders should carry clear labelling on the product such as a BSI Kitemark registered firm status or reference to an equivalent quality control scheme c Vented cylinders which are not of copper construction should be labelled as complying with the heat loss and heat exchanger requirements of BS 1566 d For labelling of hot water storage vessels in solar thermal systems see Section 11 Solar water heating Supplementary information BS 1566 1 2002 Copper indirect cylinders for domestic purposes Open vented copper cylinders Requirements and test methods BS 3198 1981 Specification for copper hot water storage combination units for domestic purposes BS EN 12897 2006 Water supply Specification for indirectly heated unvented closed storage water heaters 40 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 19 Recommended minimum standards for insulation of pipework in central heating systems with electric boilers Minimum standard Supplementary information a Pipes should be insulated to comply with the maximum permissible heat loss i
135. trol Supplementary System type Minimum standard information Warm 1 0 Systems should be provided with iane ee i atime switch programmer and room y p thermostat or control integral to ii a programmable room thermostat the heater or external 2 0 a Dwellings with a total floor area lt 150 m Zone control should have at least two space heating zones with independent temperature control one of which is assigned to the living area b Dwellings with a total floor area gt 150 m should have at least two space heating zones with independent temperature and time control Time control may be provided using i multiple heating zone programmers or ii asingle multi channel programmer or iii programmable room thermostats or iv separate timers to each circuit or v acombination of iii and iv above c In single storey open plan dwellings in which the living area is greater than 70 of the total floor area sub zoning of temperature control is not appropriate Panel 3 0 a Time control should be by a programmable Panel heaters heaters Local time time switch integrated into the appliance or provide and by a separate time switch instantaneous heat acl alee b Individual temperature control should be by integral thermostats or by separate room thermostats or programmable room thermostats Storage 4 0 Automatic control of input charge should be Charge control is the heaters Charge provided ability to detect the control intern
136. ts in the future 27 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 11 Recommended minimum standards for efficiency system circulation hot water storage system preparation and commissioning for oil fired wet central heating systems Minimum standard Supplementary information of BS 1566 2002 Part 1 b Copper hot water storage combination units should comply with BS 3198 1981 c Primary storage systems should meet the insulation requirements of the Hot Water Association Performance specification for thermal stores d Unvented hot water storage system products should comply with BS EN 12897 2006 or an equivalent standard as set by an accredited test body such as the British Board of Agr ment the Water Research Council or KIWA e The standing heat loss for all hot water storage vessels in a b c and d above should not exceed Q 1 15x 0 2 0 051V7 kWh day where V is the volume of the cylinder in litres f All hot water vessels should carry a label with the following information i type of vessel vented unvented combination unit or thermal store ii nominal capacity in litres iii standing heat loss in kWh day iv heat exchanger performance in kW v reference to product compliance with relevant standard e g BS 1566 BS 12897 and logos of accreditation bodies as required For labelling requirements for other heat inputs see relevant
137. uilding Regulations Insulation of pipework in unheated areas It may be necessary to protect central heating and hot water pipework in unheated areas against freezing Guidance is available in e BS 5422 2009 Method for specifying thermal any pipes that are exposed as part of the work or are otherwise accessible should be insulated as recommended above or to some lesser standard where practical constraints dictate insulating materials for pipes tanks vessels ductwork and equipment operating within the temperature range 40 C to 700 C e BRE Report No 262 Thermal insulation avoiding risks 2002 Edition 4 3 Electric heating systems other than electric boilers for central heating This section provides guidance on the following types of fixed electric heating systems e electric warm air systems e electric panel heaters e electric storage systems including integrated storage direct systems Portable plug in appliances are not covered by this guide Fixed electric heating systems other than with electric boilers should meet the minimum standards for time and temperature control in Table 20 41 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 20 Recommended minimum standards for control of primary and secondary electric heating systems other than with electric boilers thermostatically controlled method Con
138. uildings and new building work For guidance on the most recent changes affecting new and existing domestic buildings see Section 6 Energy of the Non Domestic Technical Handbook For guidance on other requirements relating to building certification and inspection of heating and air conditioning systems see the BSD website 1 4 Status of guide The building regulations in Scotland are expressed in terms of functional standards These standards are statements of functions the complete building must fulfil or allow The standards are set out in building regulations and are intended to e secure the health safety and welfare and convenience of persons in or about buildings 4 https www gov uk government organisations department of energy climate change 4 http www scotland gov uk Resource 0042 00427425 pdf http www scotland gov uk s6 2015 http www scotland gov uk epc 5 6 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition e further the conservation of fuel and power and e further the achievement of sustainable development These functional requirements are often drafted in broad terms and so from the standard alone it may not always be immediately clear to a person carrying out work how to comply with the relevant requirements Consequently the Building Standards Division issues guidance in the form of Technical Handbooks and other published information such as this document which provide pra
139. um heat pump flow rates or volume requirements should be met If all zones are thermostatically controlled then a buffer would be an acceptable method of compliance 12 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 37 Recommended minimum standards for warm air heat pumps ground to air water to air and air to air systems Minimum standard Supplementary information i control of room air temperature if not provided externally ii control of outdoor fan operation for air to air units iii defrost control of external airside heat exchanger for air to air systems iv control for secondary heating if fitted on air to air systems v control of external water pump operation for ground to air and water to air systems vi protection for high refrigerant pressure vii protection for indoor air flow failure viii protection for external air flow failure on air to air units ix protection for water flow failure on ground to air and water to air systems b External controls should include i weather compensation or internal temperature control ii timer or programmer for space heating c Minimum heat pump flow rates or volume requirements should be met If all zones are thermostatically controlled then a buffer would be an acceptable method of compliance 1 0 a Minimum clearances adjacent to all airflow paths Installation should be carried Inst
140. vant parts of building regulations and for wet systems Scottish Water Byelaws 12 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 a The boiler SEDBUK 2009 The SAP Product Characteristics Database Efficiency efficiency should be not less than PCDB at http www ncm pcdb org uk sap 88 displays separate SAP winter and summer b In existing dwellings inthe a boilers held within it exceptional circumstances defined in the Building Standards W bre co uk sap2012 uses these values Division Guide to the condensing 2 a gaeng SAS Mno an Smear boiler installation assessment BE SAN i rocedure for dwellings the seasonal efficiencies are derived from boiler SEDBUK 2009 efficiency SEDBUK 2009 values should be not less than 78 if SEDBUK 2009 and SEDBUK 2005 efficiency natural gas fired or not less than values are different If the SEDBUK efficiency 80 if LPG fired in a boiler manufacturer s literature does not c The boiler efficiency for heating ae whether itis SEDBUK 2009 or SEDBUK boilers that are combined with soa li should be assumed to be ED SU range cookers should be as 2005 Minimum SEDBUK 2005 efficiency defined in Section 2 3 Gas fired V lues for boilers are set out in Table 1 range cookers with integral The Building Standards Division central heating boiler Guide to the condensing boiler installation assessm
141. ve should shut off the primary flow when there is no domestic hot water draw off A small intermittent flow is an advantage to maintain the temperature within the heat exchanger so as to provide more rapid heat up 57 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Control type Minimum standard Supplementary information 5 0 Limitation of maximum flow rate into building or dwelling pumping energy a The maximum design flow rate into the dwelling heating system should be limited by suitable control and balancing valves to maintain the overall balance in the network and to avoid excessive Table 28 Recommended minimum standards for domestic hot water production storage and water treatment heat meters and commissioning for community heating Minimum standard Supplementary information 1 0 DHW production and storage The hot water system should be controlled using variable volume control principles and be designed to maintain low return temperatures in the primary community heating circuit Hot water can be produced in four ways in community heating systems e in individual dwellings using indirect storage cylinders e in individual dwellings using instantaneous plate heat exchangers e centrally using storage calorifiers with either an indirect coil or an external plate heat exchanger e centrally using an instantaneous plate heat exchang
142. vessels except where specifically permitted by a the manufacturer or where a thermal storage ee efficiency and should not interface device is used i 2 0 Provision should be made for storage of No minimum quantity of fuel is Fuel reasonable quantities of fuel in a convenient and specified for solid mineral fuel but storage dry location The size of the storage will depend bunkers greater than 250 kg are upon the requirement of the house Refer also to preferred as below this guidance set out under standards 3 23 and 3 24 householders are likely to pay a in section 3 environment delivery premium 3 0 a Vented copper hot water storage vessels Primary hot water stores can Hot water should comply with the heat loss and heat have a major role to play in the storage exchanger requirements of BS 1566 1 2002 or installation of solid fuel The main BS 3198 1981 reason for their use is to store the b Vented cylinders in materials other than copper heat generated during slumber should comply with the heat loss and heat periods but where unvented exchanger requirements of BS 1566 1 ee S are used Ka c Unvented hot water storage system products aSOPrOvICS Mans prESSurE nol should comply with BS EN 12897 2006 or an Water and possible frost protection via electric immersion heaters for equivalent standards the solid fuel system Domestic hot d Unvented systems should not be used with water outlet temperature is to be controlled at a safe level
143. xtract 0 7 W I s Continuous supply 0 5 W I s Continuous supply and extract with heat recovery 1 5 W I s Heat recovery Dry heat recovery efficiency Balanced mechanical ventilation systems 70 10 Domestic Building Services Compliance Guide for Scotland 2015 Edition Table 1 Recommended minimum energy efficiency standards for building services Heat pumps electrically driven Coefficient of Performance COP New build Existing build Air to air Space heating lt 12 kW SCOP D rating for the median temperature range in EN 14825 All others Space heating 2 5 at rating 2 2 at rating conditions in EN conditions in EN 14511 14511 Domestic hot water 2 0 at rating conditions in EN 14511 Comfort cooling Energy efficiency ratio EER Air cooled air conditioners working in cooling mode 2 4 Water cooled air conditioners working in cooling mode 2 5 Fixed air conditioners gt Class C in Schedule 3 of the labelling scheme The Energy Information Household Air Conditioners No 2 Regulations SI 2005 1726 Solar water heating Circulation pump power lt 50 W lt 2 of peak thermal power of collector Fixed lighting Lighting efficacy Internal light fittings 75 45 lamp lumens per circuit watt External lighting automatic presence and daylight control Lamp capacity lt 100 lamp watts per light fitti

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