TR-87-05
Contents
1. H Melenk W Neun REDUCE User s Guide for the Cray 1 X MP Series running COS Version 3 3 Technical Report 87 5 August 1987 Konrad Zuse Zentrum f r Informationstechnik Heilbronner Stra e 10 D 1000 Berlin 31 REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS le PRELIMINARY nennen ernennen 2 2 REDUCE DOCUMENTATION wassscsisccdiscciescsccosssveccevscsse 3 3 AN INTRODUCTION TO REDUCE usssessssssoonnsennneeree 3 4 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS sssucosscenonensnnooneneossennnee 3 9 FILE HANDLING sosccostucsectcanceracesteteeecenuedoeiiatesteeeeiedeoes 5 6 INTERNAL PARAMETERS GL ODE SIZES siana si cndeasteonsteco setae ete neees 6 6 2 Special Characters and Interrupts sessceecoeee 6 0 3 Miscellaneous ua anni 6 7 CUSTOMIZING THE REDUCE ENVIRONMENT 7 8 IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT MESSAGES 7 9 PUR THER PRP sans 8 Abstract This document describes operating procedures for running REDUCE specific to the CRAY 1 and CRAY X MP computers running the Cray Operating System COS The document was derived from the corresponding document for Vax UNIX prepared by A C Hearn and L R Seward The Rand Corporation Santa Monica CP85 Copyright 1987 by Konrad Zuse Zentrum Berlin Registered system holders may reproduce all or any part of this publication for internal purposes provided that the source of the material is clearly acknowledge and the copyright n2. EOF note the lower characters are converted to capital characters on input automatically by default raise is on REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 3 2 REDUCE DOCUMENTATION For proper usage of REDUCE the document A C Hearn REDUCE User s Manual should be consulted As an addendum to the User s Manual a number of modules first introduced by REDUCE 3 3 is described separately If features of the underlying LISP system are to be used the documents Utah Symbolic Computation Group The Portable Standard LISP Users Manual and H Melenk W Neun Portable Standard LISP Implementation for Cray X MP computers may be needed All these documents are distributed by Konrad Zuse Zentrum Berlin There is no on line documentation available 3 AN INTRODUCTION TO REDUCE New users of REDUCE are advised to process the seven REDUCE Lessons which should be used via a REDUCE implementation on a timesharing computer or a workstation e g a VAX ora SUN are not available on line with Cray computers 4 RES CURE nn The minimum field jengi of a job running REDUCE is MFL 320000 In this field length the basic REDUCE features can be loaded it includes a heap of total length 50000 words with about 40000 words available as free working memory If additional modules of REDUCE are loaded at runtime or if due to the problem size a larger heap is needed the MFL parameter has to be modified The areas
3. NUABLEERROR and run again AB054 OPERAND RANGE ERROR This indicates an illegal memory reference It can arise from applying the LISP function CAR to an atom in compiled code AB023 JOB TIME LIMIT EXCEEDED The time parameter of the JOB card was too small for your batch job or you have coded an endless loop Stack overflow The PSL stack has overflown If your application needs a larger stack please enlarge it via Set Stack size lt Size gt call Binding stack overflow The PSL stack for special variables has overflown If your application needs a larger BNDSTK please do Set Bndstk size lt size gt call A hint if you want a backtrace in case of an ABnnn error please type SYMBOLIC PROCEDURE USER ERROR FUNCTION x INTERPBACKTRACE and run again nz Ze 9 FURTHER HELP For further help with the Cray implementation of REDUCE please contact Konrad Zuse Zentrum Berlin e mail zb6260 db0zib21 bitnet
4. for heap data memory bps area for compiled code and binding stack BNDSTK can be enlarged up to the limit defined by the MFL parameter The enlargement of binary program space while loading additional modules or compiling user programs is done automatically the action is protocoled via OUT REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 4 If a larger heap is needed because the number of garbage collections is too high the LISP function SET HEAP SIZE has to be called This function expects the desired TOTAL heap length as parameter It is called from REDUCE e g by LISP SET HEAP SIZE 100000 set heap to 100000 note the exclamation marks in front of special characters inside the name The heap size is adjusted in case of a lack of data area too but this will happen if the heap is almost full after many garbage collections So we recommend to gt adjust heapsize when big data areas are needed The actual total heap size can be seen as value of the LISP variable LISP heapsize The PSL parameters set by REDUCE normally condemn the garbage collector to do his work in total silence This is necessary because asynchronous messages can destroy a handsome output image In order to learn the amount of occupied heap space or in order to see at which points of execution the garbage collector is involved simply turn on the switch ON GC With GC on the garbage collector will be verbosed If you only want to know the number
5. o an implicit ACCESS to connect the file REDUCE EOF in yesterdaydata read saved file with pdn specified Input of local files or files already accessed Use the FN as filename for opening ACCESS DN TEMP PDN TOMORROW OWN FRIEND REDUCE EOF in temp read file using a local dn Output of files Files opened output will be created as new files and will be saved as Bean files with your ownership ID PSL and released when closed Staging of files The COS commands FETCH DISPOSE ACQUIRE ACCESS SA VE RELEASE and some more can be invoked directly from REDUCE by using the LISP function COS CMD parameter is the full COS command enclosed by LISP string quotes e g LISP COS CMD FETCH DN NEWDATA TEAT DSN IBM PDS MEMBER DISP SHR note the single quotes inside the string they are parts of the COS command language REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 6 6 INTERNAL PARAMETERS 6 1 Object Sizes The maximum string and identifier lengths are limited only by the underlying PSL base The current implementation allows several hundred characters in both identifiers and strings However we recommend that such names be limited to 24 characters or less for compatibility with other versions of REDUCE All fixed precision floating point numbers are printed in FORTRAN s G23 8E4 format by default This format may be changed as described in the PSL do cumentation A
6. of garbage collections during your calculation you ask for the value of the LISP variable LISP GCKNT number of garbage collections since start It would be a good strategy to inspect this variable after a large computation has been done the first time and to adjust the heap size so that this value remains in a reasonable range For memory estimates the underlying PSL uses two words to store one list element two pointers In case of stack overflow the stack size can be modified in a corresponding manner by calling the function SET STACK SIZE The actual size of the stack is the value of the LISP variable StackSize A similar function SET BNDSTK SIZE is supplied for BNDSTK IMPORTANT when estimating the MFL the area needed by the local files have to be taken into account Each file local to a job requires 4 K words of memory REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 5 5 FILE HANDLING For a detailed treatment of files consult the PSL documentation mentioned above For simple applications the following notes may be sufficient Use only filenames with capital letters and digits With this rule quotation marks around filenames are superfluous File names written without quotation oat are converted to upper case automatically Save datasets with ID PSL Input of files which are saved already with your ownership and ID PSL Do not ACCESS the file use the PDN as filename for opening the file REDUCE will d
7. otice is retained REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 2 1 PRELIMINARY This document describes operating procedures for running REDUCE specific to the Cray 1 Cray X MP computers with the COS operating system It supplements the REDUCE User s Manual describing features extensions and limitations specific to this implementation of REDUCE The character exclamation mark is used in this document to represent the REDUCE syntax escape character By using REDUCE on a Cray computer via a station computer this character and others too may have a different representation due to local code conversions Please look at the special character table in the REDUCE User s Manual The modules that form the REDUCE system are stored in a number of files The main entry to REDUCE is the executable file named REDUCE which is stored under system ownership and public access At runtime the system needs access to REDUCE and LISP libraries This access is achieved in an automatic and for the user invisible manner To start REDUCE simply use the command REDUCE in your batch job or interactive session after which REDUCE will respond with a banner line The system then expects its input via the standard file IN which normally is connected to the batch job data records or to the interactive terminal Example for a batch REDUCE job JOB xxxxxx MFL 320000 T 1 ACCOUNT xxxxxxxx REDUCE EOF p x y 10 bye
8. rbitrary precision integer and real arithmetic is supported 6 2 Special Characters and Interrupts Lower case input is permitted but converted to upper case unless the switch RAISE is off may be used as an alternative to in expressions This character is represent ed by the character not with some frontend computers The end of file is supplied by the EOF command If a terminal interrupt occurs command ATTN the current calculation is can celed REDUCE immediately prompts for the next command There is no means to continue the interrupted calculation The LISP function USER ERROR Function is called in recovery procedure It maybe redefined for own diagnostics The error code is the only parameter e g 70 for terminal interrupt is used to terminate strings in the REDUCE interactive editor because ESC as in other implementations will not be handled via all stations 6 3 Miscellaneous There is no link currently to an external editor The internal ordering on alphabetic characters is from A through Z followed by a through z REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 7 Times as reported by ON TIME or SHOWTIME are given in milliseconds and measure execution time including garbage collection time They do not in clude operating system overhead To exit REDUCE use bye Per default there is echoing of inputin batch jobs only Echoing is controlled by the switch on echo With echo turned on the inpu
9. t is echoed to the output and a mixed protocol of incoming commands and outgoing results of their execution is produced In batch jobs the switch int is set to off by default This switch indicates the batch interactive status to the REDUCE system With int turned off REDUCE will generate no interactive requests and will stop alge braic execution when the first error occurs To avoid this you can use ON INT even in batch jobs 7 CUSTOMIZING THE REDUCE ENVIRONMENT Implementation deferred Datasets needed at startup time have to be processed expli citly 8 IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT MESSAGES A number of messages from the underlying PSL system and the Cray machine inter face may be seen from time to time These include error messages and informatory messages re en AB053 FLOATING POINT ERROR Probably means a division by zero has been attempted BPS will be automatically enlarged Information BPS size is increased because a load module was needed by your application e g the PSL compiler Heap space will be automatically enlarged Warning Your problem is too large in its present form for the available workspace either change your problem formulation or enlarge your heap see above REDUCE User s Guide for CRAY COS Version 3 3 Page 8 Non numeric argument in arithmetic This means that a LISP arithmetic routine has been called with an invalid argu ment Hint If you do not know what happened use TR CONTI
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