Report
Contents
1. with teachers Final arch can be seen in figure The VGA controller was written by Lindberg Idea is quite general part but some suggestions was made by Wolff Lindberg ran into problems in the last stage testing The problems that occurred had to do with the front porch and the back porch and Linberg decided to leave his solutions and made a modified solution of the one on the course homepage A nother problem that became a big issue was the fact that when the VGA controller was tested we sent colors to the screen all the time not caring about if we where in the visible area or not wich made the howl screen black this error got found with the help of a members from another project Lim Wee Guan The Color controller was written by Wolff with and co op by Lindberg because of the need for address generators He ran into problems during sprite usage but solved that quite easily by modifying limits thanks Lindberg for pointing this out Lindberg as sisted with Pong software changes as needed The IP provided to the project came with a software header file that had all definitions about how to use the color controller Some discussion was made with Carl Hakenas FPGA Hero about how to do it more dynamic The 7 segment controller was done by Sajjad Haider Since another group also worked on the 7 segment display component development has been done in conjunction with Imran Khan Since the component requirements differs all modifications has b2. The Pong Game Advanced Embedded Systems Tobias Lindberg d04tlQstudent lth se Carl Wolff eD4cwUstudent lth se Sajjad Haider sx06sh0Ostudent 1th se October 16 2008 Abstract The project introduces the complete design process from problem specification to the design implementation The project is to design the Pong game in Xilinx Platform Studio The Pong game can be easily visualized by having a table tennis game in mind A two player game where each player will be provided with a side bar left and right side controlled by the keyboard and a free moving ball in between the two bars while upper and lower sides are protected by walls The score will be displayed on the on board 7 segment display and the first player to reach five points wins Contents 1 Introduction 2 Hardware implementation 2 1 VGA Controller e o 2 2 Color Controller 0000000000008 4 wee eee eee eee ee ee eee al Po ae aa re ee ee ee ee 3_ Software OL OMe Cae ake oe ae GHEE EERE ewe eee eee ew eee Ge ss 3 2 Color Controller 2 e TEE 34 Es 2 keyboard lt es sa sia te we hes cascos aos 4 1 Design Summary Report 2 00 00 eee ee 42 AMO SUM cesos AA 5 User manual 51 Hardware E baw SG BRE we EERE SM ie OOMWolels cs bebe RE E 6 Problems 6 1 Hardware AA 2s eke en aeebabas ewes ee eben Se geu bites Y7 Knowledge 8 Contributions 1 Introduction The primary goal of this project is to lea
3. een made by Haider Software needed to communicate with the hardware was developed by Haider by suggestions of Wolff The PS 2 software part was done by Wolff Problems during this initial stage from application XPS point of view was solved by help from teachers and Adolfo de la Calle and Puneet Acharya Report and presentation draft was written by Haider and the main text part together by Lindberg and Wolff Final merging and graphics was made by Wolff with assistance of the group members Finally we would sincerely like to thank both supervisors for their suggestions during entire project We would also like to thank the other groups for sharing their knowledge and discussion during the project 10
4. er The color controller figure 3 includes logic to use registers assigned from software as limits for different objects That is for a ball theres two coordinates specified x and y Since all object has been defined as sprites in resolution 16x16 resulting in a array of 255 values the offset had to be calculated to get the correct pixel drawn xadr color yadr controller red 3 green 3 blue 2 Figure 3 Color controller with it s connections Figure 4 The ball sprite 16x16 values 2 3 7 segment Display Controller When the software needs to reset or update the players score it will call a method which will write the values in the register for the 7 segment Due to that only one register is used for the entire display the score has to be concatenated into a 32 bit integer before saving it to the register The 7 segment controller on every clock tick read its register moves the players score to its corresponding LED and finally decodes the score in accordance to the 7 segment LED The 7 Segment basically has three components the first component divides the data and assigns the players score to the correct digit place The multiplexer in every clock cycle enable the digits and send its corresponding score value to another component which generates the correct signals for the 7 segment LED display It is important to mention that since only the first and the fourth LEDs will be used to display the scores for
5. nment proved to be incorrect which made the color mapping invalid 6 2 Software Since the game is quite easy there were no big problems We had one problem the speed of the game This had to be slowed down to actually see the ball We took the easy way and used a single for loop which pauses the software by increasing a number 7 Knowledge The clear picture of the architecture was done in an early stage but how EDK works was a different issue If we would have the opportunity to start over then we would probably have tested all parts in ISE before using them in EDK To synthize is time consuming in EDK because of the Microblaze and other parts not concerning the specific component you want to test 8 Contributions The software solution for the Pong game is written entirely by Tobias Lindberg TL with influences from existing Pong games found on the Internet The initial software was based on a found solution just to have a hardware base but has been replaced leaving nothing but the name from the initial software All modifications has been written by Lindberg All testing needed was also done by Lindberg The project included three group written cores the VGA color and the 7 segment IP The cores was essential to make this project work and we divided the work equally from the beginning Initial architecture was done by Tobias Lindberg extended architecture by Carl Wolff and Lindberg after some discussion
6. pa 7 G E he A Es AA eR x 4 Sond oy y lt i op figs ATS Sale rs ay A ee z ti a Sh A Figure 6 Digilent Nexys 2 1200 board with VGA USB power data and PS 2 conn ected If the XCF045 ROM hasn t been reprogrammed Digilent self test will be started on power up This is normal 5 2 Software The project is only compatible with Xilinx Platform Studio XPS version 10 1 or above If you run into problems during start up please download all updates for your applica tion or make necessary changes by manual editing of erroneous source file Open the project in Xilinx Platform Studio choose File Open Project then open up the system xmp project file in the root of the projects path Using XPS you can change variables as needed to fit your board When you re done compile it using menu item Device configuration Update bitfile To send the project to the board use Digilent ExPort There is a bit file available in projectpath implementation download bit 6 Problems 6 1 Hardware The main problems came with the software Xilinx EDK Since it s not totally intuitive we had problems doing basic stuff such as connecting signals from one core to a actual pin on the board Some problems also occurred during the installation and program ming since Windows wasn t always our choice of operating systems at our computers at home We also had some problems getting the color control to work A variable assig
7. rn how to go from a specification or algorithm to the implementation how to merge smaller units into a bigger one The scope of this project deals with designing a pong game Experience gained during the project is very useful and can be used for developing more complex designs which is the aim of the course There is one major difference from the initial architecture proposal to the final design mainly the way to send object coordinates to hardware The intention was to use on chip RAM BRAM to transfer coordinates from software to hardware This would be a very dynamic way to communicate and extend but due to problems we decided to use registers This final design is shown in figure Software Microblaze PLB vga sync color ps2 keyboard 7segment controller i controller controller controller E gt 0 y x HSYNC RED 3 PS2DATA 7SEGPORTS 7 VSYNC GREEN 3 PS2CLK DISPLAY 4 BLUE 2 Figure 1 Final design of the architecture 2 Hardware implementation 2 1 VGA Controller The VGA controller is responsible for the sync signals sent to the monitor and by doing this we also generate addresses for pixel values The generated addresses will be divided into x and y coordinates with the maximum value of 640x480 These coordinates is connected directly to the color controller See figure vga sync xadr controller yadr hsync vsync Figure 2 VGA controller with it s connections 2 2 Color Controll
8. s and it s corresponding size in height Colors is mapped through two registers that contains the colors chosen in the sprite definition void update_ball_pos int x int y void update_pads_y_pos int yl int y2 void init_pads_x_pos int xl int x2 void set_walls_pos int yl int y2 int size void set_bar_size int size void init_color_table Listing 2 Color controller header file 3 3 7 segment Display Controller Defines the method used to send the present score of the game to the display on the Digilent board void write_score int playerl int player2 Listing 3 7 segment display controller header file 3 4 PS 2 keyboard Defines the method used to receive the keys pressed on the keyboard The keys are received in a vector of length 10 where sections of code in the pong game is woken up if certain keys are pressed void init_key void get_key char keys 10 void exit_key Listing 4 Keyboard header file 4 Occupancy of hardware 4 1 Design Summary Report ikiemal TORS gt pa BUFGMU Xs 5 MULT18X18SIOS RAMBIGS 5805 SLICEMS ET CO 4 2 Timing summary Minimum period 19 976ns Maximum net skew 1 966ns Estimated clock frequency 50 MHz 5 User manual 5 1 Hardware Make sure that the hardware the Digilent Nexys 2 Spartan 3E 1200 is connected like shown in the figure 6 NEXYS E DIGILENT A ae taal AR EN O ai Ra E A f yi ES a Fa i s z Sis NE es Ri gt gt
9. two players then the second and the third LEDs should be turned off This can be easily achieved by sending all 1 to the related LED The controller is directly connected to the display pins as shown in figure 7 Segment CONTROLLER Clk Figure 5 Color controller with it s connections 2 4 PS 2 The XPS core has been used to provide keyboard input using a interrupt handler 3 Software 3 1 Pong game All calculations for the movement of the balls and the pads is done in the software Ba sically the whole game is written in software and the hardware part is only for displaying the results of all the calculations The communication between hardware and software is done through registers with the help of the physical addresses of the hardware 1 void pong game void Initializes the keyboard init_key Initializes the colors used init_color_table x place out the walls x set_walls_pos WALL1_Y WALL2_Y WALL_SIZE 11 Initializes the game x init_game while 1 if play Move the ballx move_ball 21 delay int i for i 0 i lt 600 i key respons if pl score 5 p2 score 5 play FALSE 31 Listing 1 Pong game main loop 3 2 Color Controller Defines the methods used to comunicate with the color controller in hardware It contains methods that sends the coordinates of the ball and the pads the size of the pads in height and the wall
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search
Report reports report card report builder report fraud reportsnow report synonym report template report phishing outlook report child abuse reportedly report a problem apple report identity theft reportbeam report sheet report builder download report of contact reporter nih reported speech reporting verbs reporting from ukraine reporte de puentes reporting services reporters without borders report builder microsoft reporter herald