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PreSTo-Cabin - A Preliminary Sizing Tool for

1. Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 26 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Since a part of the cabin can be in the nose or in the tail two values are asked to the user in PreSTo Cabin defining which cabin length is in tail AXi and in nose A jose Fuselage length Length of the fuselage is calculated with cabin tail and nose length see Fig 1 19 L ruselage labin Close u AX nose hau AX qil Fig 1 19 Calculation of the fuselage length Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 27 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Fig 1 20 describes the process for the calculation of cabin and fuselage length Rows Seats Monuments configuration dimension dimensions Cabin floor plan Cabin length Fuselage length Fig 1 20 Calculation of cabin and fuselage length Nose length 1 6 4 Verification of cargo compartment volume Once the cabin cross section and cabin length are known it is possible to check if the cargo volume of the airplane is big enough to carry the luggage from passengers and the cargo The method used in PreSTo Cabin is described by Nita 2010 The volume of the
2. n 49 Table 2 12 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Fuselage length 52 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 2 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract List of Figures Fig 1 1 Design Of an aircraft in PreSTo u u e een 10 Fig 1 2 General layout in PreSTo modules uu4444444444H0nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nenn 13 Fig 1 3 Design philosophy for layaut 14 Fig 1 4 Display of check in PreSTo Gabin een a 14 Fig 1 5 Help provided to the user through comments 444444444440nnn Hann nen nnnnnnnnnnnnannnn nn 14 Fig 1 6 Regulation for number of seats abreast uuussssnsssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 17 Fig 1 7 Various shapes for the elliptic Cabin cross section 4444444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ern 18 Fig 1 8 Definition of anthropometric dimensions for American Male NASA een 18 Fig 1 9 Definition of generic cross section of an aircraft as used in PreSTo Cabin 19 Fig 1 10 Evolution of floor thickness value through four iterations ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenaaees 21 Fig 1 11 Calculation of cabin cross section dimensions cece ee eeeeeee eee e eee eeeeeeneeeeeeeee
3. Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract 1 3 Limits The Fuselage module is only compatible with cylindrical fuselages Blended Wing Body BWB cannot be designed in PreSTo Cabin Double deck cabins are not implemented either the cabin must have one or two aisles Incomplete seating rows are forbidden PreSTo Cabin is compatible with Microsoft Excel 2003 and its newer versions It is incompatible with Open Office Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 12 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation I www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 1 4 Layout PreSTo Cabin has a standard layout so all the modules look similar to the user This standard layout was defined by Wolf 2009 Look and feel is the philosophy of PreSTo Cabin layout This means that the graphic template must appear clear and intuitive to the user In general a module consists of three types of fields Module title Sub module title Calculation amp Presentation Each of them has a particular task Both Module title and Sub module title fields give the name of a particular module or sub module All the elements and objects such as input cells graphs buttons and drop down lists are placed in the Calculation amp Presentation fields Fig 1 2 shows the general layout in PreSTo Cabin Calculation amp Prese
4. XBi D1SN0 hop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Waterline below the axis of symmetry If the waterline is below the axis of symmetry the area below the waterline can be considered as shown on Fig 1 21 A submerged Ay 7 tan gle Fig 1 21 Description of fuselage submerged area a lt 0 The green area Ao is detailed on Fig 1 22 B X b 1 dx a a B A ao Fig 1 22 Area A used for waterline The result of the integral is A az sin cos a And the area Apsis is Arct gle 2 ab sin cos Then A submerged Ao T Aec tan gle mT A submerged az sin cos a 2 ab sin cos amp T A submerged ab 2 Q SIn Q cos amp So if the waterline is below the ellipse axis of symmetry the submerged area of the fuselage is Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 30 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation FREE www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract T A submerged DE sin cos a 1 23 Waterline above the axis of symmetry If the waterline is above the ellipse axis of symmetry the area below the waterline can be considered as shown on Fig 1 23 submerged ae An Ace a Fig 1 23 Description of the fuselage submerged area a gt 0 Here As mab T f A submerged Ca af 3 Q SI
5. in DGLR Deutscher Luft und Raumfahrtkongress 2010 Tagungsband Ausgew hlte Manuskripte DLRK Hamburg 31 08 02 09 2010 RAYMER Daniel Aircraft Design A Conceptual Approach Virginia American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 1989 Roskam Jan Airplane design Part I Preliminary Sizing of Airplanes Ottawa Kansas Analysis and Research Corporation 1989 ScHo z Dieter Flugzeugentwurf Flugzeugentwurf Lecturenotes HAW Hamburg 1999 Worf Sebastian Erweiterung des Aircraft Preliminary Sizing Tools PreSTo HAW Hamburg 2009 ScHmitt D Luftfahrttechnik Flugzeugentwurf Technische Universit t M nchen Lehrstuhl fiir Luftfahrtechnik Lecture Notes 1988 WIKIPEDIA Ellipse URL http en wikipedia org wiki Ellipse 2010 08 24 Department SpitzenCluster Date Prepared Checked Page 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 79 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Appendix Description of an ellipse The equation of an ellipse as shown on Fig A 1 is x y ab A 1 or x acos 6 2 y bsin 6 ve AY b M a a gt b Fig A 1 Description of an ellipse The u of the ten points shown in Fig 1 9 are haiste g Maiste A 5 Maisie AZ poor Xas st _ seat y AY oye t AY ushin Z foor 0 126 T d pead wali l Us d pead wall 0 084 Nast _ seat A 8 yo
6. 1 4 Display of check in PreSTo Cabin In order to make these verifications useful for the user a comment is written on the cell with explanations on how to correct this error Then when the user moves the cursor on the cell this comment appears and using this recommendation he can fix the error Fig 1 5 Business class seats right aisle Neestsrigtsc__ 2IE Business class seats left aisle Neests left BC 2 F R Philippe Montarnal Check Business class seats abreast Nsa ec 5 If the number of seats abreast is not correct Change the number of seats on the left middle right to get the same value as the lone given in the 2 Configuration of classes or Change the number of seats abreasts in the 2 Configuration of classes For this class Example of invalid Explanation and advice to the result user in order to fix the error Fig 1 5 Help provided to the user through comments Nevertheless attention must be paid that the input cells and calculation cells are displayed in an appropriate order For example a calculation cell cannot be the result of an input cell placed 30 lines Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 14 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract deeper in the spreadsheet Otherwise the calculation process appears unclear to the user Errors will
7. 148 148 Type C 2 132 1323 Double Type III 3 2503 25 03 Type C Passenger zones Uniform distribution of exits Fig 2 25 Compliance with uniform distribution of exits Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 56 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation FREE www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 2 2 Description of data_fuselage sheet The spreadsheet data fuselage is essential for the fuselage design The dimensions for the fuselage cross section are calculated in this sheet as well as the coordinates of all the points needed to draw the cabin cross section and the cabin floor plan Moreover the cabin length is determined in this sheet as well as the exit positions Because of the importance of this sheet for the design it is necessary to explain how it works 2 2 1 Cabin cross section dimensions The first purpose of this sheet is to get the ten dimensions of cabin cross section Fig 2 26 As written in 1 6 1 Cabin cross section the coordinates of 10 important points have to be calculated as well as the parameters of the ellipse going through this point Eventually the ten ellipses are compared and the biggest one is selected so each point will fit in it Needed parameters are taken from the Fuselage sheet Results are a ellipse and b ellipse Results Cabin height to widt
8. 2 2 X axis 6 Number of sav Analysis i EJ Yaxis Ea L5 RESULTS 6 E E O REET AE 7 v 4 044817405 4 074369179 4 07630801 4076435218 4 076443564 8 Values 9 IterationO Iterationl Iteration Iteration3 Iterationd isxaxis is y axis 10 1 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_pax 150 FALSCH FALSCH 11 2 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_nclasses 2 FALSCH FALSCH 12 3 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_pax_FC 12 FALSCH FALSCH 13 4 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_pax_BC 0 FALSCH FALSCH 14 5 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE n_pax_YC 138 FALSCH FALSCH BEN 6 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_SA_FC 4 FALSCH FALSCH 16 7 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE n_SA_BC 5 FALSCH FALSCH a7 8 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE n_SA_YC 6 FALSCH FALSCH 18 9 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_rows_FC 3 FALSCH FALSCH 19 10 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_rows_BC 0 FALSCH FALSCH 20 11 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_rows_YC 23 FALSCH FALSCH 21 12 Fuselage2 FUSELAGE_n_aisles ni FALSCH FALSCH 22 13 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_cushion_YC 0 4572 FALSCH FALSCH 23 14 Fuselage2 SEAT_Dy_cushion 0 41948 FALSCH FALSCH 24 15 Fuselage2 SEAT_t_cushion 0 13595 FALSCH FALSCH 25 16 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_armrest_YC 0 0508 FALSCH FALSCH 26 17 Fuselage2 SEAT_h_armrest_top 0 5588 FALSCH FALSCH 27 18 Fuselage2 SEAT_h_armrest_bott 0 17904 FALSCH FALSCH 28 19 Fuselage2 SEAT_h_backrest 0 59106 FALSCH FALSCH 29 20 Fuselage2 SEAT_length_YC 0 635 FALSCH FALSCH 30 21 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_cushion_FC 0 6604 FALSCH FALSCH 31 22 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_armrest_FC 0 0762 FALSCH FALSCH 32 2
9. Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 9 Type Preliminary Sizing B ishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Aeronautical Engineers Report No aeaaeai RBH300128 Extract Cabin design Wing design rt IV Show seat rails I Show wings defined later Center of gravity vailable g operating empty mass mOE mMTO statistics 0 Feen e000 8000 Back TET Relative operating empty mass mOEImM 20 Fig 1 1 Design of an aircraft in PreSTo Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 10 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 1 2 Features In order to complete its task of designing an aircraft PreSTo offers the following features among others General PreSTo is able to design airliners and executive jets as well as general or regional turboprop Parts of the airplane which can be designed with the tool are cabin wings and high lift systems tail plane and landing gear Analyses are available for mass calculation center of gravity position and travel during the flight and calculation of direct operating costs Included database Since 8 basic requirements are needed for the design help is provided to the user with data of existing aircrafts This data from 75 jets and 26 turboprops describes several parameters such as masses
10. Sosce Number of central rows of overhead stowages Nos ce Suggestion for nos oe Nita Nos ce Total cross section of the overhead stowage Sostet Proportion of cabin length occupied by overhead stowages 72 Suggestion for kos Nita Volume of overhead stowage Average mass of passenger baggage Mbaggage 13 60 kg Suggestion for Mpaggage Mbaggage 136 Total mass of passenger baggage Mbaggage total 2040 00 Volume of baggage Ve 12 00 Cargo mass 000 kg Volume of cargo Ve Cargo compartment volume m Needed volume for cargo compartment Vec nedded Verification of cargo compartments volume Fig 2 23 Verification of cargo compartments volume Waterline In this section PreSTo Cabin checks that the door steps are above the waterline see Fig 2 24 The maximum allowed mass avoiding the water ditching is compared to the maximum take off mass If the first mass is bigger there is no risk for water ditching Otherwise you need to redesign the fuselage so the door steps are always above the waterline You can include the nose and the tail sections or ignore them for this calculation Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 54 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Include nose and tail for Maximum mass for water the calculation ditching for ea
11. ellipses one for the inner and the other for the outer fuselage The drawing of an ellipse as for a circle consists in calculating the x and y coordinates for different angles going from O to 360 see Fig 2 27 As written in the appendix the equations used to draw an ellipse are x acos 6 y bsin 0 2 37 Therefore ellipses of inner and outer fuselage are drawn using the respective a and b parameters from inner and outer fuselage Mi a cos 8 b sin 8 Fig 2 27 Points used to draw an ellipse Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 58 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Dimensions of lower deck have already been described in 1 6 1 Cabin cross section with the three points needed to draw one side of the lower deck These points are the second the third and the fourth on Fig 2 28 Apart from first and eighth point other points are symmetric to these three points 7 up left 1 8 up center 2 up right o o o 6 middle 3 middle left right 5 bottom 4 bottom left right Fig 2 28 Points used to draw the lower deck Drawing of the container has the same shape as the lower deck drawing but dimensions differ The passenger is drawn in the easiest way four points for the legs four points for the arms and two for the body the head is considered as elli
12. passenger baggage PreSTo Cabin suggests a value for the cargo compartment cross section see equation 2 63 Statistical values from Nita 2010 are provided for the overhead stowages cross section for the proportion of fuselage length used for cargo and for the proportion of cabin length occupied by overhead stowages At the end of the section if the available volume is larger than the needed volume a message with green background is displayed Otherwise a message with red background informs that the cargo compartments volume is too small In this case you have to update the lower deck dimensions or use bigger overhead stowage Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 53 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Dimensions of cargo Dimensions of Calculation of baggage compartment overhead stowage 9929 and cargo volume Verification of cargo compartment volume Cross section of the cargo compartment Y m Suggestion for Scc from cabin cross section Proportion of fuselage length used for cargo 0 40 Cargo compartment volume Cross section of a lateral overhead stowage Sos st i Suggestion for Sosa Nita Number of lateral rows of overhead stowages Nos st Suggestion for nos tat Nita Cross section of the central overhead stowage Sosse Suggestion for Sos ce Nita
13. pitchyc 32 inch Fig 2 18 Configuration of seat pitch Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 48 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Table 2 0 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Table 2 10 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat pitch Parameter Value First class pitch 36 in Economy class pitch 32 in Rows configuration For each row in the aircraft you can set monuments galley or lavatory If you do not place any monument the row will be a seating row but if you place a monument there will be no seats on this row You can also set the exits on the fuselage Cabin attendant seats can be set in the cabin too Please note that the number of rows is limited to 65 because of Excel limitations it needs 300 calculations for each row so this cannot be unlimited This means that you cannot design an aircraft with more than 65 rows containing seats or monuments This limitation fits to any actual aircraft for example the A340 600 needs 55 rows Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 configure as shown on Fig 2 19 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 49 Type Preliminary Sizing B ishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Aeronau
14. seats row This number is usually determined by the equation nga 0 454 pax 1 1 This number is limited by the FAR 25 regulation see Fig 1 6 FAR 25 817 Maximum number of seats abreast On airplanes having only one passenger aisle no more than 3 seats abreast may be placed on each side of the aisle in any one row Amdt 25 15 10 24 67 Fig 1 6 Regulation for number of seats abreast Therefore the number of aisles and the number of seats abreast are related A single aisle aircraft cannot have more than six seats abreast whereas a twin aisle is limited to twelve seats abreast The next step is to find the dimensions of the cabin Since the fuselage is considered to be a cylinder its cross section has a great importance The fuselage cross section can be circular double bubble elliptic etc In PreSTo Cabin the cross section is considered as elliptic The user has the ability to change its shape so it can make it higher or wider Fig 1 7 presents three ellipses with different shapes Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 17 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract A b b A b A a a gt a gt b a lt 1 b a 1 b a gt 1 Fig 1 7 Various shapes for the elliptic cabin cross section Several parameters are taken into account for the cross s
15. set the seat rails in the aircraft For each side of the aisles right and left for a single aisle right middle and left for a wide body the number of rails has to be given Then the position of the seat rails has to be set In order to set the seat rails on one side of the aisle it is possible to define the distance between the first seat and the first seat rail and then the distance between two consecutive seat rails Fig 1 12 shows how to do this on a single aisle Li LAU pq Caiet ppe Arailleft zu left drail left ge Call ight ppa Gra right yy right drail right i i i a ee Zu a gt Pa u Ayrail left Ayrail right Fig 1 12 Positioning of seat rails on a single aisle If the aircraft is a wide body there are seats on the middle of the cabin between both aisles With the assumption that the cabin is symmetric there is no need to give the distance between the first seat and the first seat rail the only variable here is the distance between 2 consecutives seat rails Considering that the seat rails configuration can be symmetric on each side of an aisle one variable disappears Only the distance between the seats extremity and seat rails extremity remains and the distance between two consecutive seat rails is constrained see Fig 1 13 WL Ha I E I dseat seat rail dseat seat rail ras seat rail seat seat rail Fig 1 13 Positioning of seat rails on a single aisle using symmetry It is also possible to use side
16. speeds geometry aerodynamics fuel consumption etc Statistics are also available for more than 100 jet engines concerning their dimensions and performances For both airplanes and jet engines the user can display a x y chart with the data he wants on both axis allowing him to make a connection between two parameters Connection to other software A connection with the design tools CEASIOM and PrADO is enabled which provides a 3D drawing of the aircraft and CFD analysis PreSTo Cabin The cabin and fuselage module from PreSTo is also available as a stand alone program The module which is also a module from the much larger PreSTo has these features Cabin design Cabin can be designed with 3 classes Floor plan drawing is displayed to the user Elements such as seats lavatories galleys overhead bins exits emergency exits and seat rails are included PreSTo and PreSTo Cabin offer an automatic optimization of fuselage cross section depending on various parameters such as passenger dimensions Uses of classical 1 inch seat rail or new concept of 1 centimeter seat rail are both available A list of 16 standard ULD containers is given with their dimensions Check of uniform spacing of exits according to the Advisory Circular AC25 807 1 and water line checking are provided too Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 11 www bishop gmbh com PreSTo Cabin Documentation
17. width 2in Armrest height position top 22 in Armrest height position bottom 7 in Backrest height 0 59 m Seat length 25 in Seats dimensions first class If the cabin has a first class you must configure the seat dimensions for this class Fig 2 5 Parameters asked here are the cushion and armrest width as well as the seat length The other dimensions of the seat are considered to be the same as for the economy seat Table 2 3 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat dimensions First class Cushion width Weushion FC inch Armrest width Wanmrest FC 00 inch Seat length lsest rc inch Input values in inches or meters Values in meters Fig 2 5 Seat dimensions first class Table 2 3 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat dimensions first class Parameter Value Cushion width 26 in Armrest width 3in Seat length 28 in Seats dimensions business class This section is the same as the previous one but applies to the business class seats Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 37 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Passenger dimensions This section makes use of anthropometric measures of the passengers 95 American Male is set as a ref
18. 0 Fig 2 52 Calculation of outer fuselage tail and nose Fig 2 53 displays the calculation of seat rails cockpit and aft pressure bulkhead Aft pressure bulkhead Cockpit door Cockpit Seat rails position Basic dimensions for the cockpit Fig 2 53 Calculation of seat rails cockpit and aft pressure bulkhead Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 72 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 2 3 Description of macros 2 3 1 Optimization of cross section In order to optimize the cabin cross section the inputs and the outputs have to be identified what is the aim and which values can be modified to reach this goal Two outputs can be taken into account the equivalent diameter or the circumference of the ellipse The first is used to estimate the fuselage thickness and the length of nose and tail the second influences the the aircraft wetted area which induces drag Analyzing this both parameters will help to find an answer on which parameters need to be optimized Equivalent diameter of the ellipse The equivalent diameter of an ellipse is d Va b 2 38 b da at 2 39 a b Therefore fora given gt dew is minimum when is minimum Circumference of the ellipse An approximation for the circumference of an ellipse is given by Ramanujan Wik
19. 0 rows in the spreadsheet 22 000 cells are computed All these lines are displayed in the Fuselage spreadsheet through a basic x y plot chart Analysis This sheet offers to study up to five different versions of an aircraft 250 values are saved here and can be compared to support the user to take the best decision Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 16 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 1 6 Fuselage 1 6 1 Cabin cross section Fuselage is the first designed part of the aircraft In most conventional aircraft the payload is carried here Payload consists in passengers luggage and cargo Passengers sit in the main deck Small passenger luggage is placed in overhead bins or under the seats Bigger luggage and cargo are located in the lower deck The cabin can be divided in 3 classes Usually the sharing between these 3 classes is Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Percentage of seats of each class Schmitt 88 Economy class Business class First class Short range 100 R lt 3000 Nm Middle range 90 92 8 10 3000Nm lt R lt 5500Nm Long range 03 77 18 20 57 R25500 Nm Once the number of passengers in each class is known the number of seats abreast has to be defined for each class This number describes how many seats there are on a
20. 3 Fuselage2 SEAT_length_FC 0 7112 FALSCH FALSCH 33 24 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_cushion_BC 0 54 FALSCH FALSCH 34 25 Fuselage2 SEAT_w_armrest_BC 0 05 FALSCH FALSCH 35 26 Fuselage2 SEAT_length_BC 0 7 FALSCH FALSCH 36 27 Fuselage2 PAX_Dy_midshoulder 0 7 FALSCH FALSCH 37 28 Fuselage2 PAX_w_shoulder 0 53 FALSCH FALSCH 38 29 Fuelage2 PAX_Dyfeye 0 869 FALSCH FALSCH 39 30 Ffiselage2 PAX d hw 0 06 FALSCH FALSCH Name of the sheet eference name of Saved value containing a value the value to save Fig 2 58 Values saved in Analysis spreadsheet 2 3 3 Uniform distribution of exits Uniform distribution of exits is a part of the FAR25 Regulations In order to check the compliance with this the Advisory Circular AC25 807 1 introduces a method In PreSTo Cabin a macro is present to apply automatically this method First step of this uniformDistributionOfExits macro is to locate the first and the last seating rows as well as the position and the type of each exit If there is no exit in the airplane the macro stops with an error message to the user requesting to add an exit The macro then looks for the x position of the start and end of the cabin According to the method written in the circular the x positions of start and end of the cabin are respectively the front of the first and last seat row In several particular cases they can be the position of first or last exit The macro searches if there are Double Type III exits I
21. AY oye T AY oushion AZ foor d shoulder wall 2 snoulder A 10 Nasi _ seat A 1 1 am AY cushion AZ poor Nga W cushion N aisle W aisle 115 Naisle T 1 Warnrest A 1 3 one top Az tee Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 80 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract As HR Weushion F Naiste Waiste ns Naiste 1 i Warmest A 1 5 K a bottom AZ poor A7 AW poor seat W armrest A a Je Ars l Si A 18 b RR A 19 y Ar foor W p top ert Win op WID bo om AR foor l loor z hip T 2 Wip bottom A 22 A 23 AR oor a l floor A hip Weushi With Xlast_seat X4 W armrest Fr A 24 Note equation A 4 concerning has no real meaning Its only aim is to get a point describing the ceiling height Note for Ys the lower deck is considered having a 45 angle on its lower part Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 81
22. Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Cross section for seating configuration display The second cross section drawing presented on Fig 2 15 is more complex than the first one Fig 2 11 indeed up to twelve seats are drawn as well as overhead bins seat rails and seat legs see Fig 2 33 Right seats Middle seats Left seats Overhead bins Seat rails Fig 2 33 Overview of calculation for seating configuration display Several parameters are imported from the fuselage sheet they involve the class the user wants to display number of seats abreast aisle and cushion widths The seats are calculated as written previously The difference here is that there are twelve seats three on the right six on the middle and three others on the left If less seats need to be displayed for example in the case of a 3 3 seats abreast then these non drawn seats get coordinates with high values x 8888 and y 8888 so they will not appear on the cross section see Fig 2 34 Since there are always more armrest than seats the first seat of each side of the aisles will have two armrests and the others only one Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 62 Type Preliminary Sizing B ishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Sapam Aeronautical Engineers www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Selected configuration Usefu
23. E EEE EANET ERE 51 Fig 2 20 Calculation of fuselage length u een ee 52 Fig 2 21 Verification of MONUMENIS sn 53 Fig 2 22 Verification of cargo compartments volume uussssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 54 Fig 2 23 Calculation of Walerliig e uu ss see eier 55 Fig 2 24 Compliance with uniform distribution of exits esssseseneerneeesserennrrrnrrsserererrnnnrnserrrrrnnn 56 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 3 Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Type Preliminary Sizing Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Fig 2 25 Calculation of cabin cross section dimensions 44444444440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 57 Fig 226 Points used to draw an elli se unnaeneeiacee ea 58 Fig 2 27 Points used to draw the lower deck 24244444440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 59 Fig 2 28 Description of used points for passenger drawing 444444sussnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 59 Fig 2 29 Drawing of the seat Arien ee ee 60 Fig 2 30 Drawing ofthe Hook 60 Fig 2 31 Overview of the calculations for cross section drawing uususssssssnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 61 Fig 2 32 Overview of calculation for seating configuration display sssseseesssssseerrnrerssrrrrerrnneesses 62 Fig 2 33 Calculation of seats coo
24. Fig 1 15 FAR 25 810 Regulation regarding cross aisles width Cabin length Once each element of the cabin seat galley lavatory exit and cross aisle has been placed in the cabin floor plan the cabin length is measured as the distance between the first and the last element see Fig 1 19 Nose and tail lengths Nose and tail lengths can be approximated thanks statistics Schmitt 1988 wrote that the ratio between nose length and fuselage outer diameter is usually around Fig 1 16 and Fig 1 17 and between tail length and fuselage outer diameter around gt Fig 1 18 4m D H LBug Leug Der 1 7 Der VJH D LHeck Der 3 5 Lkabe Dor 1 9 Fig 1 16 Nose length and tail length Schmitt 1988 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 25 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com ud P _ ar Dr 5 640 Dr 4 044 a al Leu Den 1 684 g Leu Dar 1 570 i i Dir 3 473 H Bug S Leug Dex 1 624 A320 DC 9 MD80 2 760m 4 013m Dir 3 884 Don 5216 fed Laug Den 1 664 en Leoup Den 1 749 Dw 6 020 Bug Uer H Laug Dan 1 767 B767 B757 DC 10 MD11 Fig 1 17 Nose length of existing airliners Schmitt 1988 1 344m 10 719 un Pe T DC 10 MD11 Fig 1 18 Tail length of existing airliners Schmitt 1988
25. H300128 Extract 2 2 3 Drawing of cabin floor plan Calculations for the cabin floor plans consist in displaying the seats or monuments present on a row for a list of 65 rows on the airplane For this reason these calculations need about 2000 lines in the sheet Fig 2 39 presents an overview of this section Dimensions for exits and monuments Fuselage and exits 2 row 3 row 4 row 65 row Additional items Fig 2 39 Overview of needed calculations for cabin floor plan Dimensions for monuments and exits are copied from the fuselage sheet For each monument a minimum pitch value is determined as the length of the monument plus 30 extra centimetres Fig 2 40 Monument Pitch Length wich exit width Height Pax 2 Galley BC 13 None oy 0 o Galley FC Type sol sel mo Galley YC Tec or mul 8 Tue os sul 5 Lavatory Lavatory x2 None Fig 2 40 Monuments and exits dimensions Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 66 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract For each row and according to the list of rows given in the fuselage sheet see 2 1 4 Cabin floor plan the configuration of the row is imported type of row seat monuments class of seating row mon
26. N Q COS a mT A submerged mab DE S n Q cos a mT A coinsiaad mab aj 2 s n cos a mT s A submerged az sin cos a 1 24 Conclusion Whether the waterline is above or below the axis of symmetry of the ellipse the submerged area is always T A submerged DE Q sin cos a 1 25 Since the aim is to know the maximum allowed weight of the airplane leading to doorstep at the waterline height a is _ 7I doors a arcsin 22 1 26 b or Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 31 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract a resin 75 1 27 h 2 The maximum allowed weight of the aircraft is Was Man 1 28 And the buoyancy of the fuselage is B P water V submerged 8 1 29 B Pater A OEE l ylinder E 1 30 With the length of the cylinder L tinder Labin AR se u AX ail 1 31 The maximum allowed weight is equal to the buoyancy W max B Then M nax P water A submerged Loyiinder T i M max z P nater DE sin Q cos a lavin nose Axa A A A Max Cylinder Z arcsin Mor 4 oor cos arcsin ar 2 hoal Meg h 2 j i 1 32 h w x Prater i on a Ay ie Mai The nose and the tail have also a buoyancy They can both be considered as cones Their respective buoy
27. abin floor plan ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneees 70 Fig 2 47 Gathering of each part of fuselage for Cabin for plan eeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 70 Fig 2 48 Description of outer fuselage including tail ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeseesaaeeeeeeeeeeteeessaaaees 71 Fig 2 49 Description Of NOSE aa u 71 Figs 2 50 Deseriplion Of COCK OIE vince sess cevendessxtereisinsen vik eu sinner E RAKEN ENAERE E EKEREN 71 Fig 2 51 Calculation of outer fuselage tail ANd nose 444424444nnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 72 Fig 2 52 Calculation of seat rails cockpit and aft pressure bulkhead 444444ssnnn nennen 72 Fig 2 53 Calculation of the parameter depending on AZ floor escssessesessesessesessesesesetsessseseeesessesseees 74 Fig 2 54 Loop used to find the optimal value for Az por e cssessssessssessesesssesevsecetsecstsssetsesecstsaseeseeeeseeees 75 Fig 2 55 Evolution of fuselage semi height through five iterations snnsseneeeesseenerrnsnessrrrrrrrnneesees 75 Fig 2 56 User form for scenario analysis uum 44444444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 76 Fig 2 57 Values saved in Analysis spreadsheet 444444440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnannnn 77 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 4 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho
28. able so the rails are always placed automatically Automatic configuration Choice of side seat rails of seat rails Seat rails Use side seat rails V Automatic positioning Number of seat rails right aisle Nrails right 2H Number of seat rails left aisle Nrails left 2H Side seatrail height hide seatrail Im Distance between seat extremity and first seat rai drails seat rail _ o1olim Distance between two seat rails right aisle rails r 4ht 4 27 m Distance between two seat rails left aisle hils lett 1 27 m Distance from aisle to first seat rail right Ayrails right C oai Distance from aisle to first seat rail left Ayrails left _ 033m Configuration of seat rails depending on selected options Fig 2 13 Configuration of seat rails Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 44 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Check of aisle width The aisle width of first class and business class is compared to the width in economy class Fig 2 14 First and business class aisles have to be wider than economy class If not a message is displayed in order to inform about this issue In that case the solution is to increase the business and or first class aisle width by decreasing their seat and armrest widths Aisle width for business and first class Check aisle
29. actor I m Length L N Lift m kg Mass M Mach number n Indicate the number of elements p Pa Pressure R m Range S m Distance S m Surface t m Thickness t s Time t c Relative thickness V m s Velocity w m Width XY Axis used in 2D charts y ai ad from a reference point parallel to the cabin floor in the direction of the ai y m Distance from the plane of symmetry of the aircraft in the direction of the span Z m Distance from a reference point situated in the x y plane in upward direction a Angle of attack or angle used in ellipse descrip tion p kg m Air density A Indicates a difference used as a prefix Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 6 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract List of indices Indices for aircraft components Jaisie Aisle cabin Cabin cc Cargo compartment doorstep Door step i Fuselage floor Floor gatley Galley Oo Lower Deck nose Fuselage nose Jos Overhead stowage tain Tail plane w Wing Other indices Medium value Jo Sea level armrest Armrest Jarmrestwa Refers to a distance from the armrest to the wall backrest Seat backrest baggage Baggage bottom Bottom cargo Cargo ce Central cushin Cu
30. airtight bulkhead located between the cabin and the fin Its purpose is to seal the rear of the plane and thus maintain cabin pressure and as such it is a vital part of the aircraft Airliner Large fixed wing aircraft for transporting passengers and Binary search algorithm Algorithm for locating the position of an item in a sorted Buoyancy Upward acting force caused by fluid pressure that opposes an object s weight If the object is either less dense than the liquid or is shaped appropriately as in a boat the force can keep the object afloat 1 Introduction 1 1 Description of PreSTo The Preliminary Sizing Tool PreSTo is an Excel spreadsheets tool based on Prof Dieter Scholz aircraft design lecture Scholz 1999 This project from the university HAW Hamburg aims to allow users to quickly design an aircraft and optimize it starting from the basic requirements such as the number of passengers or the flight range and then designing its big parts fuselage wing tail and landing gear until the calculation of masses and direct operating costs see Fig 1 1 The connection between PreSTo and other software PrADO and CEASIOM enable further analysis such as CFD flight dynamics etc Since PreSTo needs more than 10 modules for design or analysis it is a gathering of different student works Therefore the task was not only to develop new abilities but also to integrate them and make them work together Department Date Prepared
31. also appear without the user being able to notice them because they happen much upper in the sheet Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 15 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com 1 5 Description of the sheets PreSTo Cabin consists of a gathering of 4 spreadsheets One of them is hidden because of its non interest for the basic user In particular PreSTo Cabin consists of Title Page The tab consists of logos names summary copyright statement and link to the GNU licence agreement Fuselage The cabin is designed in this spreadsheet Basically important input parameters in this sheet are the number of aisles and classes dimensions of seats and passengers choice of lower deck container Cabin cross section and floor plan are designed Water line calculation is checked there and results of uniform distribution of exits are displayed Data Fuselage This is the hidden sheet related to the fuselage sheet It is divided in three main parts The first part is the definition of cross section dimension including the calculation of the coordinates of 10 important points described further in this document Second every line or curve that is on the cross section drawing is calculated Finally lines and curves for the cabin floor plan are calculated This last part needs about 200
32. ancies will be estimated as the third of the buoyancy of a straight cylinder which would have the same length 1 h o Wr o T Az floor Az floor Z foor M nax nose Prater aresin i cos arcs n rose 1 33 3 4 2 leg 2 Wei 2 he 2 i h o w AZ poor AZ poor 4z M nax tail P water arcsin a me f cos arcsin Der Lait 1 34 3 4 2 h 2 h 2 h 2 Then the maximum take of mass has to be smaller than the maximum allowed mass Myro SM Cylinder M pax Nose m tail 1 35 Uniform distribution of exits FAR25 807 imposes a uniform distribution of exits in the cabin see Fig 1 24 e Uniformity Exits must be distributed as uniformly as practical taking into account passenger seat distribution Fig 1 24 Regulations about the uniform distribution of exits Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 32 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Since this article does not clearly define this distribution the FAA wrote the Advisory Circular AC25 807 1 in 1990 This circular introduces a method in order to reach the compliance with uniform distribution of exits Additional information is available about this in 2 3 3 Uniform distribution of exits Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Mo
33. as a Manual A description of the sheets and the general layout of the program are provided as well as a guide for the users on how to work with this tool For further information and software download please refer to http PreSTo ProfScholz de Date 15 11 2010 Prepared Checked Approved Archive P Montarnal Signature Distribution Date No Pages Changed pages Valid from for 15 11 2010 Bishop GmbH Issue 1 10 11 X B l Aeronautical Engineers shop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Type Preliminary Sizing Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Table of Contents A WAM OCUCHOMNN EAA AAE A E E E E E ETE 9 1 1 Description of Pr S 102 ee nekiena ie kanni aieeaa iaaa 9 12 Felle nee 11 Ver MNS ee ee ea er eer er ee ere 12 1 4 ONAN P A E E T O E E E E E E E E E 13 1 5 Description of the sheets 2224444400000444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnn 16 1 6 PUSS cessed ertceuteerbeeySucutceytenebves eeunaes beueeey ioe teu ieee iei e aeie kinisik 17 1 6 1 Cabin ChOSS SOCHON sioneer annonae tia aaa ae ea 17 1 6 2 Seat fallc nliguration rss 22 1 6 3 Cabin toor Bahasa ee ee ee 23 1 6 4 Verification of cargo compartment volume 22244444440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 28 1 6 5 Compliance with FAA regulations uuuu44444424444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 29 2 Use of PreSTo Cab
34. atories Schmitt 1988 eee eee eee eeeenee eee eee nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 23 Table 1 3 Values for Kgaiey DY Marckwardt 98 en 24 Table 14 Values for Kgaiey IN PreSTo Cabin sn 24 Table 1 5 Types of exits as defined in FAR 25 807 ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeees 24 Table 2 1 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Configuration of classes 35 Table 2 2 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat dimensions eco 37 Table 2 3 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat dimensions first class 37 Table 2 4 Default values for passenger dimensions 4444444sHnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 38 Table 2 5 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Aisles dimensions 39 Table 2 6 Dimensions of typical containers uuuuns4nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnannnnn 40 Table 2 7 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Cross section dimensions 43 Table 2 8 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Cross section layout 43 Table 2 9 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Lavatories mmmmeennnn 47 Table 2 10 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Galleys mseennnnnn 48 Table 2 11 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat pitch
35. ats abreast in each class There is a recommendation but only for the average seats abreast in the aircraft For each class give a value between one and twelve The number of needed seat rows is then calculated for each class Pay attention that PreSTo Cabin can only work with complete seat rows If the values you gave lead to incomplete rows a message Wrong number of seats will appear with a red background color In this case adjust the number of seats abreast or the number of seats in each class in order to get only complete rows Decide the number of aisles in the airplane If one class of the airplane has more than six seats abreast the regulations impose at least two aisles Otherwise both one and two aisles configurations are available Table 2 1 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 34 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Selection of class 3 number Selection of seats repartition Number of classes Design range 2600 Schmitt number of classes suggestion Nolasses Number of classes 2C C gt lt Suggestion Number of seats first class 5 12 lt lt lt lt lt Schmitt number of FC seats suggestion Number of seats economy class j 138 lt l
36. be configured in order to draw the cabin floor plan Lavatories Specify the number of lavatories for each class and their dimensions Recommendations on the right help you to choose the appropriate values see Fig 2 16 Table 2 8 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Number of lavatories for each class Lavatories Number of lavatories first class Niavatories FC Schmitt number of FC lavatories suggestion Npax FC Number of lavatories business class Niayatories BC Schmitt number of BC lavatories suggestion Npax BC Number of lavatories economy class Niavstories YC Schmitt number of YC lavatories suggestion Lavatory length lavatory Lavatory width Lavatories dimension Recommendation for the number of lavatories Fig 2 16 Configuration of lavatories Table 2 8 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Lavatories Parameter Value Number of lavatories 1 FC 2 YC Lavatory length 1 00 m Lavatory width 1 40 m Galleys Give the number of galleys and their dimensions for each class Fig 2 17 The overall galley surface has to be between 10 less and 10 more than the recommendation Table 2 9 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 47 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Docume
37. cargo compartment must be enough to accommodate the cargo plus the baggage that can not fit in the cabin Vec V Vos 1 1 5 cargo Where Vcc Volume of the cargo compartment Veaeo Volume of cargo Voaggage Volume of baggage Vos Volume of overhead stowage The volume of the cargo compartment is Voc l iisetage i kcc i Sec 1 1 6 Where lec Proportion of the fuselage length used for cargo ranging from 0 35 to 0 55 Scc Cross section of the cargo compartment The cross section of the cargo compartment is calculated from the dimensions given previously see Fig 1 9 considering that the lower deck has a 45 ang le on its lower part 2 WID sop z WID bottom Scc Winaop hin z 1 17 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 28 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract The other volumes are calculated V sienna Mose Peera 1 18 Vs eon De 1 19 Vos Sossar los 1 20 S osot os Ja Sos lat Nos ce S os ce 1 21 los Kos leavin 1 22 Where Mpg Mass of baggage Me argo Mass of cargo from the requirements see 2 1 1 Input data from previous design phases Ps Density of baggage typical value 170kg m Peargo Density of cargo typical value 160kg m Sos 101 Total cross section of the overhead stowages calculated as a sum of t
38. ch part of the fuselage M Include nose Maximal mass for water ditching nose kg Include tail Maximal mass for water ditching tail 6134 kg Maximal mass for water ditching fuselage 113418 kg Maximal mass for water ditching total Maximum take off mass kg Maximum allowed mass for water Message to the Maximum takeoff ditching user for water mass of the aircraft ditching check Fig 2 24 Calculation of waterline Exit distribution The objective of this section is to check the compliance with the regulations concerning the uniform distribution of exits This verification is done with a macro click on the button Exit distribution analysis to run it The following error messages can appear on the screen If there is no exit in the airplane a message informs you about it Go to the configuration and add at least one exit in the airplane If there are too many seats in a zone between two consecutive doors you must move one of the exits so that the zone contains a fewer number of seats The same message concerning consecutive zones can also appear When there are more seats in the airplane than allowed for the number and type of exit you must add an extra exit or increase the dimensions of an existing one If the exit location is too far from the location it should be more than 15 of the cabin length you have to move this exit in the rows configuration section set this exit a few rows before or aft
39. d in PreSTo Cabin The cross section is considered as elliptic Equations referring to the Fig 1 9 are given in the appendix Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 19 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Each point used for these measures can be on a different ellipse Since all these points have to be inside the fuselage the biggest of the ten resulting ellipses will describe the inner fuselage For each point the parameters that describe its associated ellipse and are calculated Since the user chooses a shape for the ellipse the ratio between height and width sob a both these parameters are related Therefore only is needed to describe the dimensions of each ellipse 2 a x Giay 1 2 The biggest value of the ten various will give the value for cavin describing the inner fuselage A abin max q 1 3 Then the value of beai is calculated through the given ratio b a Darin gt Qabin 7 b a 1 4 Once the dimensions of the ellipse are known the cabin height and width are calculated The inner dimensions are 1 5 h gt 2D abin We i 24 cabin 1 6 The thickness of the fuselage is estimated by Marckwardt 1998 through the equation t 0 084 0 045 d 1 7 As the fuselage is considered elliptic in PreSTo Cabin the equivalent diameter
40. ection dimensions dimensions of the seats the passengers the aisles and the lower deck are used The user is asked to give each one of these values see 2 1 3 Cross section PreSTo delivers default values for the passenger dimensions using the 95 American male from NASA see Fig 1 8 Fig 1 8 Definition of anthropometric dimensions for American Male NASA In PreSTo Cabin only the economy class is used to calculate the cross section dimensions First and business class are placed after in the cabin using the aisle width as a variable Indeed the economy class has always more seats abreast than business and first classes and even if the economy class seats are smaller the limitations occur almost always on economy class Verification is made though that the resulting widths of business and first class aisles are bigger than the one in economy class Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 18 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation 7 Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract These values from the user lead to the calculation of ten points that must be inside the cabin they describe aisles seats passenger and cargo The cross section is then designed around these ten points see Fig 1 9 X X a 0o 3 X7 8X1 Xe X X4 5 O a gt J Fig 1 9 Definition of generic cross section of an aircraft as use
41. eeeeeennaaees 21 Fig 1 12 Positioning of seat rails on a single aisle uuusuuunsssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 22 Fig 1 13 Positioning of seat rails on a single aisle using symmetry cece ee eeeeetteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 22 Fig 1 14 Positioning of side Fedatr le ann ae ee east 23 Fig 1 15 FAR 25 810 Regulation regarding cross aisles width 2444444444nnnnennnnnn nennen 25 Fig 1 16 Nose length and tail length Schmitt 1988 44444404snnnn nenn nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 25 Fig 1 17 Nose length of existing airliners Schmitt 1988 uu444444 2 eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 26 Fig 1 18 Tail length of existing airliners Schmitt 1988 44440ss44nn Rn nnnnnnnnennnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnn 26 Fig 1 19 Calculation of the fuselage length 44 4 uonn44nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnn 27 Fig 1 20 Calculation of cabin and fuselage length 444444444440Rnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 28 Fig 1 21 Description of fuselage submerged area A lt O cccccceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeeeeeenenaaaaes 30 Fig 1 22 Area A used for waterline cseene au 30 Fig 1 23 Description of the fuselage submerged area a gt O 24444ussnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 31 Fig 1 24 Regulations about the uniform distribution Of exits 44s4s
42. er the actual position There s a maximum exit doors spacing of 60 ft around 18 3 m A message will prompt if the exits don t meet this requirement On the contrary two exits cannot be too close the one from the other In this case move the exit and check that the new configuration complies with the regulations In the case you get an error message look at the tables that display the results They will help you solving the issues Errors are highlighted in red If no error message appears on the screen then the aircraft complies with the regulations In this case you can have a look on the three areas that display the results Fig 2 25 The first area indicates if the number of allowed passengers in cabin is above the actual number of passengers The second area is about the different zones The third area gives the nominal and actual positions of emergency exits as well as the offset and the number of allowed passengers to go through the exit Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 55 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Button to launch the Check that the number analysis of exits is big enough Exit distribution Exit distribution analysis Total of allowed passengers through exits Number of passengers Position Zone Exit homing Actual Type A B 1
43. erefore the outer equivalent diameter and then the floor thickness are not real inputs As aconclusion the only variable that can be used to optimize the cabin cross section is AZ oor Fig 2 54 shows the algorithm to calculate the a parameter Afuselage max ao Ag Fig 2 54 Calculation of the parameter depending on AZ poor A Binary search algorithm is used to find the best value for AZ zoor as shown on Fig 2 55 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 74 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation www bishop gmbh com Report No RBH300128 Extract aan AZtoork AZtoor o AZiioor 20 K AZoor 2o AZ4100r 0 20 Afuselage 0 Select the AZpicor and AZioor j Giving the 2 smallest values for Aruselage Min AZtoor i 1 AZiioor j 1 Max AZzoori 1 AZiioor j Fig 2 55 Loop used to find the optimal value for LZ poor The loop is executed 5 times After this the optimum value for AZ oor is found Fig 2 56 and set in the Fuselage spreadsheet 3 45 a_fuselage m 3 2 4 P 3 J A Iteration1 a teration2 08 i Iteration3 x Iteration4 264 x Iteration5 245 2 2 sj wW I T 8 T T T 1 1 0 5 0 0 5 1 1 5 2 Delta_z_floor m Fig 2 56 Evolution of fuselage semi height through five iterations Department Date Prepared Checked Page Spitze
44. erence You can give your own values or select the default values by clicking on the grey button Default values 95 American Male on the right Fig 2 6 describes the passenger dimensions as used in PreSTo Cabin Fig 2 7 presents the passenger dimensions section in PreSTo Cabin Table 2 displays the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Wshoulder head wall Ashoulder wall Passenger dimensions Midshoulder height sitting Aymidshoulder ____0 70lm Shoulder breadth Wehoulder ____0 53 m Eye height sitting Ayeye 087 1m Default values 95 American Male Head to wall clearance hw oo im Shoulder to wall clearance sy __0 04 m Input values in meters Button for default values Fig 2 7 Passenger dimensions configuration Table 2 4 Default values for passenger dimensions Parameter Value Midshoulder height sitting 0 70 m Shoulder breadth 0 53 m Eye height sitting 0 869 m Head to wall clearance 0 06 m Shoulder to wall clearance 0 04 m Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 38 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Aisle dimensions economy class Choose the values for the height and the width of the economy class aisle You can give them in inches or in meters Fig 2 8 Table 2 5 presents the values that app
45. ew of the cabin cross section Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 42 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Table 2 7 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Cross section dimensions Parameter Value Cabin height to width ratio 1 00 Cross section layout The fuselage cross section has been defined Set the number of seats on each side of the aisle s Fig 2 12 shows the configuration of cross section layout Please note that because of the regulations you cannot set more than three seats on the right and left and not more than six on the middle For each class there is a cell for a check This must be green otherwise you cannot continue with the design of the cabin If it is red the number of the seats abreast you gave in 2 Configuration of classes does not match the sum of seats on each side of the aisles Then you have two possibilities change the number of seats on each side or change the number of seats abreast at the beginning This second option has to be avoided because it would have huge consequences leading to a redesign of a cabin or even a redesign in the preliminary sizing The last element a dropdown list is used to choose which class you wish to display on the cross section drawing Table 2 8 presents the values that apply to the redesign
46. h ratio y position of left seat 1 4732 amp width seatiground a ellipse gt gt r equiv 1 894705979 b ellipse 1 536780 154 1 63134834 1 61503486 1 004660 1 00 1 78889734 1 77100836 0 818660 0 82 1 81635566 1 79819211 0 649660 0 65 1 89542155 1 37646733 0 088980 0 09 1 73735409 0 292020 0 29 1 75947647 0 469820 0 47 1 70143412 1 26539 0 607608 0 61 1 39231297 1 26539 1 196888 1 20 1 73259603 072 1 747268 ia 1 88520865 OOOOO0O00060 Calculation of ellipse going Coordinates of the 10 through each point The biggest ellipse various points is highlighted Fig 2 26 Calculation of cabin cross section dimensions 2 2 2 Drawing of cabin cross section The second purpose of Data_fuselage sheet is to get the coordinates of the points to draw the cabin cross section There are two drawings of the cabin cross section The first one is only about displaying the fuselage the lower deck and one passenger with his seat as well as the points that were needed previously to find the cabin dimensions The second gives a more detailed view with all the seats overhead bins and seat rails Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 97 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Cross section for fuselage dimensions The cross section of fuselage is basically the combination of two
47. he cross sections of lateral stowages Sos iat and central stowages Sos ce Nos Jat Number of lateral rows of overhead stowages typical value 2 Nos ce Number of central rows of overhead stowages os ce T Maistes 1 los Total length of the overhead stowages lateral and central kos Proportion of the cabin length occupied by the overhead stowages typical values 0 723 for a single aisle aircraft and 0 751 for a twin aisle aircraft In PreSTo Cabin the inequality 2 61 is checked to make sure that the cargo compartment volume is big enough 1 6 5 Compliance with FAA regulations Water line The waterline must be known to make sure that the emergency exits are above it according to the CS 25 808 regulation PreSTo Cabin checks that the waterline is below the doorstep and gives the maximum allowed mass If the maximum take of weight is higher than this maximum allowed weight exits are considered as too low The buoyancy of the aircraft must be calculated depending on the mass of the aircraft and on the height of the waterline Only the fuselage is taken into account for the calculation nose and tail are used as well as the cylindrical part but not the wings As written before the cross section of the fuselage is elliptic The waterline can be above or below the symmetry axis of the ellipse Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 29 Type Preliminary Sizing
48. hop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com 2 1 5 Results Fuselage length Define the ratio between nose tail length and fuselage diameter Give the nose and tail offsets which describe the length of cabin included in the tail or in the nose The cabin length has been calculated from the cabin floor plan Then the fuselage length is defined see Fig 2 21 Table 2 11 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Nose and tail Nose and configuration tail lengths Fuselage length Nose length to diameter ratio ken Ol Nose length Nose offset Tail length to diameter ratio 100 Tail length il C aom Tail offset Cabin length cabin 27 06 m Fuselage length elage 36 04 m Cabin length calculation Fuselage length calculatidn Fig 2 21 Calculation of fuselage length Table 2 11 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Fuselage length Parameter Value Nose length to diameter ratio 1 70 Nose offset 1 00 m Tail length to diameter ratio 1 00 Tail offset 1 00 m Verification of monuments The number of monuments in the cabin floor plan chosen in rows configuration is compared to the number of monuments specified previously If these numbers do not match a message with red background colour is displayed to inform of this issue If these numbers do match a message with green background colour inform
49. in Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 64 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation FREE www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract N M Fig 2 37 Drawing of a seat leg Fig 2 38 presents the calculation of overhead bins seat rails and seat legs position in PreSTo Overhead bins with central bin Selection of overhead bins to display Overhead bins without central bin 1 57151 1 57151 0 4572 0 4572 F 0 4572 045727 0 45727 1 0 4572 0 4572 0 4572 4 0 4572 0 4572 F 0 4572 F 0 4572 157151 0 0505 r K 4 57151 0 0508 k 1 57151 i 0 4572 N 1 57151 List of 0 4572 F 4 57151 seat 4 rails and their deltaxrigt 0 3256 Mer delta x mid 0 1254 is side rail FALSCH is side rail FALSCH position poziti poziti Seat rail r calculation B c D E F G H Seat leg Basic above i i K seat rail dimensions L of a seat rail M from A320 o P 2 A 4 Q 0 5356 0 46382 1615 G46352 0 3286 0 18623 1 6018 0 18623 03186 046382 15318 _ 0 46352 Transversal tube connecting seat legs basrersal tube Mid A 8555 0 53 Fig 2 38 Calculation of various items coordinates for cross section display Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 65 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation 7 Report No www bishop gmbh com RB
50. in to design an aircraft fuselage uuuuunnsssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 34 2 1 Description of the main Sheet na enn 34 2 1 1 Input data from previous design phases 244444s0snnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 34 2 1 2 Configuration Of Classes nenn 34 2 1 3 ROSS SER ON nee 36 2 1 4 Cabin MOON Plate 0 a0 47 2 1 5 ee o ne een een ee 52 2 2 Description of data Tuselage sheet 57 2 2 1 Cabin cross section dimensions uuussssssssennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nn 57 2 2 2 Drawing of cabin cross section namens 57 2 2 3 Drawing of cabin floor plan nennen 66 2 3 Descrip on Ol Ma O O S rer a a aa 73 2 3 1 Optimization of cross SCHON asctcetsnscutcscmnsiesintirenuticetimpaelesicenocdcnensetedabmnndbatinentcaiead 73 2 3 2 Saving of a scenario rere priced ccsesdatnancrgctantndsirndnnctatnansataasteotnacuateastivotoreets 76 2 3 3 Uniform distribution of exits urn terete een cete cele ecieseteta acetate teeuigs 77 3 liS rONrelGtenceS neuer ee 79 PRET ea ela A E N ETA 80 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 1 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract List of Tables Table 1 1 Percentage of seats of each class Schmitt 88 0 cece cc ceeeeeee cece ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeseeeeeeeeees 17 Table 1 2 Number of lav
51. ipedia 2010 c abla b Ba b ta 30 AN ee anc RAG kone comma 1 e s 2 41 b Then for a given 2 is minimum when is minimum Therefore whether the objective is to get the smallest equivalent diameter or the smallest circumference a must be minimal So the parameter to optimize will be the value of This will both optimize the circumference and the equivalent diameter of the ellipse Now it is important to find which parameters can be modified in order to reach this best value As written before there are 10 couples of X Y equations Most of the values can be considered as requirement ex Naiste W aiste na The only variables are AZ joor and oor The first one is the distance between the floor and the axis of symmetry of the ellipse The second describes the floor thickness According to Schmitt 1988 the floor thickness is related to the fuselage equivalent outer diameter Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 73 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract t oor 9 035 d 2 42 The outer diameter itself is related to the inner equivalent diameter as written by Marckwardt 1998 d o 0 048 1 045 d 2 43 As the inner fuselage is the ellipse that is being calculated the inner equivalent diameter is an output Th
52. is given by the user in inches or centimeters Therefore this allows comparing an aircraft using a 1 inch seat rail with an aircraft using a 1 cm seat rail Lavatories The number of lavatories per passenger depends on the flight length and on the class Table 1 2 displays statistics concerning the number of lavatories per passengers Table 1 2 Number of lavatories Schmitt 1988 Economy class Business class First class Short range 1 60 pax R lt 3000 Nm Middle range 1 45 pax 1 14 pax 3000Nm lt R lt 5500Nm Long range 1 45 pax 1 25 pax 1 14 pax R25500 Nm The area used by lavatories on the floor is usually 1 03 m Raymer 89 or 1 20 m Marckwardt 1998 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 23 www bishop gmbh com Galleys The surface needed for the galleys is estimated by Marckwardt 1998 through the equation S galley K alley 1000 2 n pax 1 2 m PreSTo Cabin Documentation Table 1 3 gives typical values for Kgaiey depending on the flight destination Table 1 3 Values for kga ey by Marckwardt 98 Flight from Germany to K gatiey m3 Germany and neighborhood 16 Europe 23 North Atlantic Middle East 32 South Atlantic Far East South Africa 41 Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract Since PreSTo Cabin is not only aimed to German users th
53. is table must be updated using the flight range as a parameter Table 1 4 Table 1 4 Values for kga ey in PreSTo Cabin Flight range Nm K salte m2 lt 700 Nm 16 700 to 1500 Nm 23 1500 to 4000 Nm 32 24000 Nm 41 Exits Exits must be included in the cabin floor plan FAR 25 regulations define several types of exits with their minimal dimensions Table 1 5 Table 1 5 Types of exits as defined in FAR 25 807 Exit type Minimal width Minimal height Maximum Number of step up inside passengers the airplane allowed through exit Type 24 48 110 Type Il 20 44 10 if wing exit 75 Type Ill 20 36 20 55 Type IV 19 26 29 45 Type A 42 727 40 Type B 32 72 35 Type C 30 48 9 Cross aisles Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 24 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Cross aisles provide an access to the exits The minimal width of these cross aisles is given in FAR 25 regulations Fig 1 15 1 The escape route from each Type A or Type B passenger emergency exit or any common escape route from two Type III passenger emergency exits must be at least 42 inches wide that from any other passenger emergency exit must be at least 24 inches wide and
54. l measures for Index of the this configuration seat display Economy Nass Bardiasrinh 3 0 4572 Miele 0 4572 Sar ale seid 0 0 0508 Barada tefl 3 yporleftrest 1 4732 1 7018 1 2446 1 2446 1 7018 1 2446 1 1338 119387 dar 1 2446 Additional 12446 armrest Right seats mzonmr 000r Non drawn seat Middle seats 8888 8888 00 88887 8888 00 Left seats 0 1366 7 0 6858 0 6858 11338 0 05034 1701 0 05034 0 2286 017787 0 1778 0 2286 Fig 2 34 Calculation of seats coordinates in cabin cross section Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 63 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Overhead bins are considered as a curve connecting four or eight points depending on the presence of a central bin Fig 2 35 Both configurations are calculated Then a selection is made to keep the one which has to be displayed Overhead bins no central bin Fig 2 35 Description of overhead bins A standard seat rail can be represented as shown on Fig 2 36 The dimensions have been measured on an Airbus A320 seat rail Up to ten seat rails can be displayed Fig 2 36 Drawing of a seat rail A leg is drawn over each seat rail and a transversal tube connects the legs Fig 2 37 This drawing could be improved in further developments of PreSTo Cab
55. lt Suggestion Number of seats first class geess Schmitt number of FC seats suggestion Number of seats economy class x lt lt lt lt lt Schmitt number of YC seats suggestion Seat rows Recommandation average seats abreast Number of seats abreast first class Number of seat rows first class Number of seats abreast economy class Number of seat rows economy class Check number of seats Number of seats is correct Fig 1 3 Design philosophy for layout 5 to 10 of results indicate a verification of a hypothesis or the compliance with regulations In order to catch the attention from the user the display of this result has to be highlighted A message giving the compliance or no compliance is written in a large cell on the centre of the screen If the result is positive the background cell has to be green whereas it is red for a negative result Fig 1 4 shows how the verifications are highlighted in PreSTo Cabin Checks Number of galleys in floor plan first class Ngalleys FC 1 gt Number of expected galleys Ngalleys FC 1 Number of galleys in floor plan business class Ngalleys BC 0 Number of expected galleys Ngalleys BC 0 Number of galleys in floor plan economy class Ngalleys YC 0 mm gt Number of expected galleys Ngalleys YC 1 Number of lavatories in floor plan Niayatories 3 Number of expected lavatories Naystories 3 Fig
56. lues to use you can leave the ones already written Fig 2 3 describes the seat dimensions as used in PreSTo Cabin Fig 2 4 presents the seat dimensions section in PreSTo Cabin Table 2 2 presents the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Front view Side view Armrest not drawn Wcushion Warmrest Narmrest top tcushion gt AY cushion Iseat harmrest bottom Fig 2 3 Definition of seat dimensions Seat dimensions economy class Cushion width Weushion YC Woushion YC Cushion height position AYcushion AYcushion Cushion thickness Teushion A teushion Armrest width Warmrest YC d Warmrest YC Armrest height position top Narmrest top Narmrest top Armrest height position bottom hamrest bottom Nammrest bottom Backrest height Npackrest Npackrest Seat length lenye leat yc Input values in inches or meters Values in meters Fig 2 4 Seat dimensions economy class Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 36 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Table 2 2 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Seat dimensions eco Parameter Value Cushion width 18 in Cushion height position 0 42 m Cushion thickness 0 14 m Armrest
57. ly to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Input for aisle width Aisle dimensions Economy Class Aisle width Waisle Check Chosen aisle width Waisle m Minimum aisle width aisle 0 51 m 79 00 inch isle 2 01 m Input for aisle height BIER f Verification of aisle width Fig 2 8 Configuration of aisle dimensions Table 2 5 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Aisles dimensions Parameter Value Aisle width 20 in Aisle height 79 in Lower deck The dimensions of the lower deck depend on the container it contains Select a container among a list of the sixteen ones provided in PreSTo Cabin Fig 2 9 Four of the sixteen containers are half sized in this case you can place two of these containers side by side in the lower deck Dimensions of containers provided in PreSTo Cabin are displayed in Table 2 6 If you do not wish to set a lower deck in your aircraft select None Lower deck Choose a container type LD1 Double container Lower deck width bottom Wasono C 322 im Lower deck width top Widtop 4 77 m Lower deck height hig 1 68 m Selection of container Selection of a ine Dimensions of lower double half sized deck to contain the container selected container Fig 2 9 Configuration of lower deck For the redesign of an Airbus A320 select a LD3 45W container Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montar
58. monuments calculated previously Fig 2 45 baal O 8888 8888 7112 8888 7112 8888 za Tzzonmmooo gt A B c D l J K L zZ a R s T U v w X 8333 Fig 2 45 Selection of seats or monuments for cabin floor plan For each row the part of fuselage on both sides of the row is drawn This section can include an exit or not as shown on Fig 2 46 A x A x ae ee eee RENEE lead delta x row L La T t nee A delta x row ILL EINES gt a er A previous row c previous row B i B C l Eos D E deltaxrow ae NEE En delta xrow _ _ _ _ _ l te current row i F current row i F i i Row with exit Row without exit Fig 2 46 Drawing of fuselage for cabin floor plan Note if there is an exit this exit is centered on x direction Fig 2 47 shows how this calculation is performed in PreSTo Cabin Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 69 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Calculation of free space in order to center the exit free space length 0 2032 uselage right 1 90425116 1 90425116 1jFuselage left Right part of fuselage Left part of fuselag Fig 2 47 Calculation of fuselage parts for each row of the cabin floor plan Since Excel needs a complete list of points in order to draw a curve each part of f
59. n this case the list of exits is updated with the mention of a Double Type III exit instead of two consecutive Type IlI exits Position of this double exit is set as the centreline between both exits Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 77 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Next step is to calculate the individual zone passenger capacities It is basically about counting how many passengers are between two consecutive exits and how many passengers are allowed to be in this zone A list of zones is created to gather this information If too many passengers are seating in one zone a message is displayed to the user to inform about the situation Same work is done with consecutive zones from nose to tail and tail to nose The number of allowed passenger in the whole airplane is then compared to the number of passenger allowed in the airplane Each time a problem is detected a message is displayed to inform the user see 2 1 5 Results for more explanations Then the macro checks the exit distribution Length of the cabin is calculated as the distance between the beginning and the end of the cabin Exits units are calculated for each zone The sum of exits units from each zone gives the total number of exits units in the airplane The macro then determines the nominal location
60. nCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 75 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation 7 Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 2 3 2 Saving of a scenario Once an aircraft has been designed it is possible to save the parameters and the results and compare them with other designs By selecting different values for a parameter it is possible to find an optimum In the spreadsheet Analysis a click on the button Analysis opens a User form Fig 2 57 Analysis Analysis Option Scenario 1 Name Iterationo Save Clear Fig 2 57 User form for scenario analysis The user can select the name of the scenario and save it It is also possible to clear a scenario In order to save the values the macro SaveScenario works this way for each value to save the macro reads the name of the sheet containing the value and also its reference name Then each value is read in the spreadsheets and saved in a temporary array Eventually when each value has been saved in the array the whole array is copied in the Analysis spreadsheet Fig 2 58 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 76 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Button to open the User form A 5 L v E F v m 1 J
61. nal 39 Type Preliminary Sizing PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Table 2 6 Dimensions of typical containers Container Base width Overall Depth Height Half sized width LD1 1 56 m 2 34 m 1 53 m 1 63 m YES LD11 3 18 m 3 18 m 1 53 m 1 63 m NO LD2 1 20 m 1 56 m 1 53 m 1 63 m YES LD26 3 18 m 4 06 m 2 24 m 1 63 m NO LD29 3 18 m 4 72m 2 24 m 1 63 m NO LD3 1 56 m 2 01 m 1 53 m 1 63 m YES LD3 45 1 56 m 2 01 m 1 53 m 1 14 m YES LD3 45 1 56 m 1 56 m 1 53 m 1 14 m NO Rectangular LD3 45W 1 43 m 2 43 m 1 42 m 1 09 m NO LD39 3 18 m 4 72 m 2 44 m 1 63 m NO LD4 2 44 m 2 44m 1 53 m 1 63 m NO LD6 3 18 m 4 06 m 1 53 m 1 63 m NO LD7 3 18 m 4 06 m 2 24 m 1 63 m NO LD7 3 18 m 3 18 m 2 24 m 1 63 m NO Rectangular LD8 2 44 m 3 18 m 1 53 m 1 63 m NO LD9 3 18 m 3 18 m 2 24 m 1 63 m NO Cross section dimensions Dimensions of items giving the cross section seats passengers aisle and lower deck are now known This section will define the cross section height and width of the inner and outer fuselage see Fig 2 10 The main parameter is the cabin height to width ratio see 1 6 1Cabin cross section Besides you can choose an automatic optimization or set two parameters manually the floor lowering from horizontal fuselage symmetry and the floor thickness If you want to optimize these both parameters the
62. ne Pitch exit 1 6764 Right monument None Pitch row 1 6764 Number of seats 8888 t o 8888 7112 8888 7112 display 8888 Drawing of seats 8888 Coordinates for non drawn seats are 8888 Fig 2 43 Seats dimensions Monuments for this row dimensions for this row Seat cushion width 0 5604 Left monument length 0 Seat length 0 7112 Left monument width 0 Armrest width 0 0762 Center monument length 0 Center monument width 0 Right monument length 0 Right monument width 0 Aisle width 0 5588 Right Monument 8888 Drawing of monuments Fig 2 44 PreSTo Cabin Documentation Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract Seating configuration Delta x row 266764 Seat abreast left 2 Seat abreast center 0 Seat abreast right 2 8333 00 Calculation of seats position for the cabin floor plan Exit type and dimensions for this row Exit type Type Exit width 0 762 Attendant seat FALSCH ol Left Monument i 8888 8888 00 8333 00 Calculation of monuments position for cabin floor plan Date 15 11 2010 Department SpitzenCluster Prepared P Montarnal Checked Page 68 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Depending on the row configuration seats or monument a selection is applied between the drawing of seats and the drawing of
63. nennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 32 Fig 2 1 Input data SUB OO UNG een ee 34 Fig 2 2 Configuration of classes ae ee ee ee 35 Fig 2 3 Definition Of seat dimensions na cxruscdonersepeametanelennure 36 Fig 2 4 Seat dimensions economy ClASS nina 36 Fig 2 5 Seat dimensions first class un 37 Fig 2 6 Definition of passenger dimensions 44 4unnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 38 Fig 2 7 Passenger dimensions c nfiguration a u senn ee 38 Fig 2 8 Configuration of alsle CINGNSIONS 2 cicciss aetna antlecueeahisimetieaeiG 39 Fig 2 8 Configuration of lower deck ee een 39 Fig 2 9 Configuration of Cross section dimensions usns4nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 41 Fig 2 10 Detailed view of the Cabin cross section uuuns4nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnannnnn 42 Fig 2 11 Configuration of cross section layout 22222244444Hnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 43 Fig 2 12 Configuration of seatrals un u 44 Fig 2 13 Checkofaisles w h uni 45 Fig 2 14 Display of the cabin cross section a 46 Fig 2 15 Configuration of lavatories 4 44 0uunHHnnnnnnnnnnnannnnnannnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 47 Fig 2 16 Configuration of galeys asa n ne a 48 Fig 2 17 Configuration of Sseatpiich u e ee een 48 Fig 2 18 Configuration Of OWS ee een 50 Fig 2 19 Cabin tloor plan display aan a E E N
64. ntarnal 33 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 2 Use of PreSTo Cabin to design an aircraft fuselage 2 1 Description of the main sheet After the preliminary sizing of the aircraft is done the next thing to be designed is the cabin and fuselage This is done with the module PreSTo Cabin 2 1 1 Input data from previous design phases Open the main spreadsheet The number of passengers must be given it is written at the top of maximum take off weight design my bt the sheet Fig 2 1 Other input data required are cargo mass range Or EO RTE GT G Reference number of passengers Npax 150 F Design Range R 4815200 m Cargo mass Meargo 0 00 fkg Max take off mass Mmo 73000 kg Fig 2 1 Input data sub module 2 1 2 Configuration of classes Open the configuration of classes sub module Fig 2 2 Give the number of classes You can choose one class only economy two economy and first class or three economy business and first PreSTo Cabin suggests a value for this number of classes depending on the design range short range aircrafts have usually one or two classes whereas long range airplanes have three classes Set the number of seats in each class PreSTo Cabin offers a suggestion for this repartition of seats within the three classes Write the number of se
65. ntation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com Number of galleys and Calculation of galleys dimensions for each class surface for each class Igattey rc Woalley FC r Surface of one galley Sgalley Fc Ngalley FC Surface of FC galleys Sgalleys FC Igattey Bc Woalley BC Surface of one galley Sgalley Bc Ngalley BC oji Surface of BC galleys Sgalleys BC Igalley ve Woalley yC Surface of one galley Sgatley ve Number of galleys Ngalley C Surface of YC galleys Sgalleys yc Check galleys surface Overall galleys surface f Marckwardt Galleys surface recommendation Sgalleys Check of overall galley surface Fig 2 17 Configuration of galleys Table 2 9 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Galleys Parameter Value First class galleys length 1 00 m First class galleys width 1 40 m Number of first class galleys 1 Economy class galleys length 1 50 m Economy class galleys width 2 30 m Number of economy class galleys 1 Seat pitch Give the seat pitch for each class in inches or in centimeters Fig 2 18 Seat pitch for each class specified Seat pitch converted in in inches or centimeters meters for each class Seat pitch Seat pitch first class pitchrc 36 inch Seat pitch business class pitchgc 32 inch Seat pitch economy class
66. ntation Sub module title Calculation amp Presentation Fig 1 2 General layout in PreSTo modules Width of columns is also standardized so that the user does not need to scroll the sheet on the right or left to see important information Basically all the information has to be displayed on the screen with the 100 zoom Apart from titles the modules contain only Calculation amp Presentation fields All input cells and cells filled in with previously given values are placed on the left side Fig 1 3 All calculations and results of these calculations are on the right side Input cells have a white background colour whereas other cells whose content cannot be modified by the user keep the same colour as the normal background grey 25 Black arrows can also be added to show a direct relationship between an input cell and a result cell With this layout the calculation process seems clear to the user If statistical data is available a Stat button is placed close from the input cell A click on this button opens another Statistics spreadsheet containing the desired data Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 13 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Number of classes Design range 2600 Nm Schmitt number of classes suggestion Number of classes 2 C YC
67. of an Airbus A320 Number of seats on each side of the aisle for each class Cross section layout First class seats right aisle Nseats right FC First class seats left aisle Nseats left FC Check First class seats abreast nsare Economy class seats right aisle N seats right YC Economy class seats left aisle Nseats left YC Check Economy class seats abreast Nsa yc Display First class Verification of number of Class to display on the seats abreast for each class cross section Fig 2 12 Configuration of cross section layout Table 2 8 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Cross section layout Parameter Value First class seats 2 2 Economy class seats 3 3 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 43 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Seat rails Configure the seat rails that are used in the cabin see Fig 2 13 You can make use of normal or side seat rails The automatic positioning is another available option that helps you to decrease the number of variables Select the number of seat rails on each side Set the height of side seat rail if necessary and then the distance between the external seat rails and the side of the seats In this version the automatic positioning is unmodfi
68. of each exit and compares it to their real location Absolute value of the offset has to be less than 15 of the cabin length Then distance between two consecutive exits is checked because exits cannot be too close one the one from the other and there is also a limitation on maximum door spacing meeting the requirements of CS25 807 7 Eventually the results are written in the Fuselage spreadsheet so the user can see each one of the results concerning the passenger zones and the exits locations Any issue is highlighted Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 78 Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation www bishop gmbh com Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract 3 List of references Jane s 2008 Jenkinson 1999 Marckwardt 1998 NASA Nita 2008 Nita 2010 Raymer 89 Roskam I Scholz 1999 Wolf 2009 Schmitt 1988 Wikipedia 2010 Jackson Paul Jane s All The World s Aircraft London Butler and Tanner Limited 2007 JENKINSON LOYD R SIMPKIN P RHODES D Civil Jet Aircraft Design London Arnold 1999 MARCKWARDT K Unterlagen zur Vorlesung Flugzeugentwurf HAW Hamburg 1998 NASA NASA STD 3000B VOLUME I Man Systems Integration Standards 1995 N ra Mihaela Aircraft Design Studies Based on the ATR 72 HAW Hamburg 2008 Nita Mihaela SCHOLZ Dieter The process Chain to a Certified Cabin Design and Conversion
69. of the inner fuselage is defined as dpi Mya Wy os Then the external dimensions of the fuselage are 1 9 h o h 2t 1 9 Weg Wei t2ty 1 10 The floor thickness is estimated by Schmitt 1988 to f oor 0 035 d 1 11 With Fp Apo Wro 1 12 The calculation of cross section is an iterative process the floor thickness is calculated at the end while it is an input value too This can be seen on Fig 1 10 Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 20 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 1 57 e Start with tf 1m Start with tf 1m Floor thickness m Iterations Fig 1 10 Evolution of floor thickness value through four iterations Fig 1 11 shows how calculations are performed to find the cabin cross section dimensions PAX Lower deck dimension dimensions Cross section dimensions Cabin height Cabin width Fig 1 11 Calculation of cabin cross section dimensions Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 21 Type Preliminary Sizing Bisho isho p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 1 6 2 Seat rail configuration After the definition of the cross section it is possible to
70. p GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Abbreviations Abbreviation Description AC Advisory Circular ACN Aircraft Classification Number BWB Blended Wing Body CEASIOM Computerised Environment for Aircraft Synthesis and Integrated Optimisation CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CG Center of Gravity COMFAA Computer program for ACN calculation provided by the FAA CS Certification Specifications from EASA DOC Direct Operating Costs EASA European Aviation Safety Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration JAA Joint Aviation Authorities JAR Joint Aviation Requirements from JAA MTOW Maximum Take Off Weight NACA National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics PrADO Preliminary Aircraft Design and Optimization program PreSTo Preliminary Sizing Tool ULD Unit Load Device Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 5 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract List of symbols Symbol Units Description a b m Parameters for describing an ellipse c C m Chord C Coefficient C m Circumference d m Distance or diameter g m s Earth acceleration h m Altitude or height k F
71. ptic and therefore calculated as shown previously for the fuselage Fig 2 27 Connections are made between points A to D legs E to H arms and and J body as displayed on Fig 2 29 G F H l E C B D A Fig 2 29 Description of used points for passenger drawing Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 59 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract The drawing of the seat needs six points for the seat itself and four more points for the armrest Points A to D describe the seat as well as and J points E to H are used for the armrest Fig 2 30 C B Fig 2 30 Drawing of the seat At the end the drawing of the floor separation of main and lower decks consists in two parallel lines Fig 2 31 gt N r N x a N i i i I x i i 1 ua Up left j Up right Down left Down right Fig 2 31 Drawing of the floor Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 60 Type Preliminary Sizing x Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Aeronautical Engineers Report No wwe bishop omblicam RBH300128 Extract Fig 2 32 shows the cells used in PreSTo Cabin to calculate the coordinates of points displayed in the cross section Drawing of inner and Lower deck Passenger outer fu
72. rdinates in cabin cross section uussssssssssnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 63 Fig 2 34 Description of overhead bins 444444444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnn 64 Fig 2 35 Drawing of a seat ale nee 64 Fig 2 36 Drawing of a seat eg zen een een 65 Fig 2 37 Calculation of various items coordinates for cross section display urunnsssneeneenn 65 Fig 2 38 Overview of needed calculations for cabin floor plan 44444444HHnnnn nn nnnnnnnnn nennen nn nen 66 Fig 2 39 Monuments and exits dimensions 44444444440nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 66 Fig 2 40 Description of seat row drawing uussssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnn 67 Fig 2 41 Description of a row containing monumenis uesssssssssssnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnn nenn 67 Fig 2 42 Calculation of seats position for the Cabin floor plan uurunnssssnsnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 68 Fig 2 43 Calculation of monuments position for Cabin floor PlAN eceeeeeeeeeee eee eeeeteteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 68 Fig 2 44 Selection of seats or monuments for Cabin floor plan uuusessssnnnnnessnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn ann 69 Fig 2 45 Drawing of fuselage for Cabin floor plan uu4444444444nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn 69 Fig 2 46 Calculation of fuselage parts for each row of the c
73. re is no point to choose the manual mode the automatic mode gives immediately an optimal result The inner and outer width and height of the fuselage are calculated and displayed as well as the fuselage and floor thicknesses All the points needed to calculate the cross section are displayed in red on the graph These points are linked through a red line A seat with a seated passenger is also drawn as well as the container in the lower deck Fig 2 11 presents a detailed view of the cabin cross section Table 2 shows the values that apply to the redesign of an Airbus A320 Department SpitzenCluster Date 15 11 2010 Prepared P Montarnal Checked Page 40 Type Preliminary Sizing B ishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Aeronautical Engineers Report No BONES RBH300128 Extract Fig 2 10 Configuration of cross section dimensions Button for automatic Selection of cabin optimization height to width ratio Automatic optimization Cross section dimensions Display of cabin cross section Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 41 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Red line showing important points used for cabin cross section Fuselage Container in lower deck Passenger on his seat Fig 2 11 Detailed vi
74. s that it is correct Fig 2 22 presents this verification in PreSTo Cabin Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 52 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Number of galleys Check that the Number of galleys in in each class on number of galleys each class as the floor plan is correct specified preyiously Verification of monuments Number of galleys in floor plan first class mber of expected galleys Ngalleys FC Number of galleys in floor plan business class Ngalleys BC Number of expected galleys Ngalleys BC Number of galleys in floor plan economy class Ngalleys YC Number of expected galleys Ngalleys YC Number of lavatories in floor plan Miavatories Number of expected lavatories TWaustories Number of Check that the Number otiavato lavatories on number of lavatories Dim ala pi orles the floor plan is correct in each class as specified previously Fig 2 22 Verification of monuments Verification of cargo compartment volume The volume needed to accommodate the cargo and the baggage that does not fit in the cabin must be compared with the available volume in the cargo compartment The available volume must be larger than the needed volume for cargo Give the dimensions of the cargo compartment and of the overhead stowage as well as the average mass for
75. scription of outer fuselage including tail The nose is considered as elliptic It is composed of two parts an inner and an outer part Fig 2 50 Nose Outer part Nose N part Fig 2 50 Description of nose The cockpit is drawn with two seats facing a command panel Fig 2 51 Command BEE Seats panel Fig 2 51 Description of cockpit Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 71 Type Preliminary Sizing PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract xBishopcmon www bishop gmbh com On the cabin floor plan seat rails are drawn as simple lines running through the complete length of the cabin Fig 2 52 shows the calculation of fuselage tail and nose Outer fuselage and tail I Fuselage 26 0616 Inner part of nose Nose Fuselage 174987614 2 43734517 3 12481421 3 81228324 4 49975227 Outer part of nose NOSE Fuselage 1 749876137 2 437345171 1 64 3 124814206 151 3 81228324 1 33 a 499752274 1 10 5 19 0 89 5 87469034 0 00 5 18722131 0 89 4 49975227 1 22 3 81228324 1 45 3 12481421 1 63 2 43734517 1 76 1 74987614 1 36 1 06 1 94 0 37 1 99 0 31 2 02 1 00 2 03 5 187221309 0 76 5 75 0 00 5 187221309 0 76 4 499752274 1 10 3 81228324 1 33 3 124814206 1 51 2 437345171 1 54 1 749876137 1 74 1 06 1 81 0 37 1 86 0 00 1 88 0 0
76. seat rails In this case the seat rails on the extremity are located on the fuselage The user gives the height of the rail and its lateral position is calculated to set the rail on the fuselage Both configurations presented before remain available using a side seat rail The only difference is that the rails on the sides are positioned on the fuselage Fig 1 14 shows how the side seat rails are positioned in the cabin Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 22 Type Preliminary Sizing PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com E 4 Nside seatrail Fig 1 14 Positioning of side seat rails 1 6 3 Cabin floor plan Once the cross section is known the cabin floor plan must be set The cabin floor plan will give the cabin length From the upper view the cabin can be considered as three classes containing rows of seats galleys and lavatories plus the cross aisles needed for the exits The classes are set in the following order along the cabin first class then business class then economy class Seats The number of seats as well as the number of seats abreast has already been defined before for each class The number of rows in a class is n pax Nos round z Nsa Note since only entire rows are available in PreSTo Cabin pax must be a multiple of sa in each class 1 13 The pitch between two seat rows
77. selage and container Po NN CROSS SECTION FOR FUSELAGE DIMENSIONS MK Hit breadth 0 423 Sitthg height 0 395 190425116 0 2 031512927 X A 6 0 257 18753213 0 32736305 2 00064968 Ai D 1 0 165 178941076 0 64477933 1 908997706 164912988 1759341803 145874102 1556229139 122402905 1305831338 0 95212558 1015756463 0 65129225 0 694918342 0 33066974 0 352768518 1 1665E 16 1 24445E 16 0 3306697 0 35276852 0 6512923 0 69481834 i 1844169165 0 9521256 101575646 l 184416916 1 224029 130583134 1 180263385 1458741 155622919 Ho 180263385 1 6491299 17593418 47894108 0 64477933 1 90899771 1 5557 18753213 0 32736305 2 00064968 0 6j 15446471 19042512 2 2 03151293 2 151445 1 8753213 2 00064968 17894108 190839771 1 6491299 1 7593418 1458741 155622919 1 224029 1 30583134 0 9521256 0 6512923 0 3306697 5 424E 15 0 33066974 0 65129225 0 95212558 122402905 145874102 sel 1556223189 164912388 6 1 759341803 59341195 1 78941076 1 908997706 61086524 1 8753213 f 2 00064968 62831853 1 8 834E 15 2 031512927 6 4577132 0 32736305 _2 00064968 1 4732 143195 14017529 1 3307 1 4017529 143195 14732 151445 15446471 Ee ro mmroonr Floor Description of the seat Fig 2 32 Overview of the calculations for cross section drawing Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 61 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo
78. shion Jeylinder Cylinder E Glide elipse Ellipse eav Equivalent Jeye Refers to passenger eye nead wat Refers to a distance from passenger head to the wall Ni Inner or used as index Ok Used as index last seat Last seat iat Lateral Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 7 Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation www bishop gmbh com Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract iett Left max Maximum ma Minimal drag midshoulder Passenger midshoulder NASA Jo Outer oe Operating empty pax Passenger pax PL Payload rail Seat rail Jrectangle Rectangle rer Reference right Right Orewa Rows sa Seats abreast seat Seat seatrail Seat rail shoulder Passenger shoulder shoulder wall Refers to a distance from passenger shoulder to the wall side seat rail Refers to a side seat rail submergea SUDMerged Jop Top tot Total water Water Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract Definitions Aft pressure bulkhead Component of all large commercial aircraft It is an
79. t lt lt lt Schmitt number of YC seats suggestion Seat rows Recommandation average seats abreast Number of seats abreast first class i Number of seats rows first class Nrows FC Number of seats abreast economy class i Number of seats rows economy class Drows YC Check number of seats pa E ee M Aisles an a Selectio Check that all the ee a a or number ot rows are complete Calculation of rows aisles number for each class Fig 2 2 Configuration of classes Table 2 1 Input values for the redesign of an Airbus A320 Configuration of classes Parameter Value Number of classes 2 Number of seats FC 12 YC 138 Number of seats abreast FC 4 YC 6 Number of aisles 1 If the check concerning the number of seats is correct green cell displaying Number of seats is correct you can go to the next step Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 35 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract 2 1 3 Cross section The cabin cross section is a decisive step in the fuselage design Several parameters must be set here in order to calculate and draw the cross section Seat dimensions economy class Several dimensions regarding the seat are asked here You can give them either in meters or in inches If you do not know which va
80. tical Engineers Report No nines RBH300128 Extract Row number Display of the Configuration of das monuments Galley YC Exit positioning Attendant seats Fig 2 19 Configuration of rows Cabin floor plan The cabin floor plan is drawn taking into account every choice dimension given before You can hide the seat rails by clicking on the button Show seat rails Clicking on Update display properties button will update the colors and the zoom of the cabin floor plan Fig 2 20 presents the cabin floor plan of an A320 displayed in PreSTo Cabin Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 50 www bishop gmbh com Nose Cockpit Galley FC Seat rai First class Economy class seats Overwing exit Lavator Exit Galley YC Aft pressure PreSTo Cabin Documentation i do oo Oo oo m mMm LOO O mm Goo G LL TO E TO A EEE Ooo HO ELLI foo Goo a zj FES m a HPE SHEESH IT I A Type Preliminary Sizing Report No RBH300128 Extract uejd 100 u gey saluadoud Aejdsip sjepdn xI wo gt a w D 2 a w a bulkhead Tail Fig 2 20 Cabin floor plan display Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 51 Type Preliminary Sizing Bis
81. uments exits and attendant seats If the row is a seating row the dimensions of seats are also copied depending on the class Otherwise if the row has monuments then the dimensions of the monuments are copied Then the pitch of the row is defined as the maximum value of the pitches needed for the seats for the several monuments or for the exit The rear line of the current row delta x row is defined as the rear line of the previous row minus the pitch of the current row the x axis direction is the same as the flight direction Whether the row is a seating row or a row with monuments position for seats Fig 2 41 and monuments Fig 2 42 are calculated Fig 2 43 and Fig 2 44 display these calculations in PreSTo Cabin Then there is a selection to keep only the monuments or the seats K G FEC J G FEC delta 0 9 9 9 x row L IH ED A L I H ED A i LEFT MIDDLE RIGHT Fig 2 41 Description of seat row drawing A x ea u S L py l Cc B delta o u x row D A D A D A i LEFT MIDDLE RIGHT Fig 2 42 Description of a row containing monuments Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 67 BishopcmbH Aeronautical Engineers www bishop gmbh com Row index Calculation of row pitc Row configuratio 2 Pitch left monulgent 0 1 Pitch center monument 0 1 Pitch right monument 0 Left monumen one Pitch seat 0 9144 Center monument No
82. uselage is gathered in one unique big list Fig 2 48 Right part of fuselage Left part of fuselage Index to get the coordinates Fuselage Fuselage Fuselage right 2 15 row 2 0 1 88322198 3 0 1 88399749 4 0 1 88399749 2 row 1 1016 1 90425116 1 1016 1 9042512 1 1016 2 03151293 1 1016 2 0315129 1 8636 2 03151293 1 8636 2 0315129 1 8636 id 2 6764 1 90425116 2 6764 1 9042512 3 row 2 778 1 90425116 2 778 1 9042512 2 778 1 90425116 2 778 1 9042512 Fig 2 48 Gathering of each part of fuselage for cabin for plan Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 70 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation u Report No www bishop gmbh com RBH300128 Extract All the previous calculations have to be done for each row apart from the gathering of points for the fuselage drawing which is done only once All the void rows from the last row containing a seat or a monument to the 65 row have no pitch Then the delta x row of the 65 row which is equal to the delta x row of all other void rows is the aft extremity of the cabin The last items to draw for the cabin floor plan are the outer fuselage with tail and the nose as well as the cockpit and the seat rails The outer fuselage is basically composed of five lines describing the cylinder and the tail Fig 2 49 CYLINDER TAIL A B C D F E Fig 2 49 De
83. width Check that these aisles are wider than the economy class aisle hae 056 Aisle width business class Waisesc O56 m gt gt gt gt gt Business class aisle width is bigger than economy class Aisle width first class Waisie FC m Sail Fig 2 14 Check of aisles width Display of cabin cross section Once all the previously parameters have been given PreSTo Cabin offers a view of the cabin cross section for the class you specified previously Fig 2 15 All the items which dimensions have been given previously are drawn here fuselage seats floor lower deck seat rails Moreover the overhead bins are displayed here but only to provide a more realistic view of the cabin cross section their dimensions have not been specified Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 45 Type Preliminary Sizing B ishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Aeronautical Engin Report No BONES RBH300128 Extract Fusel uselage Overhead bins Container in lower Seats of the Seat rail deck selected class Fig 2 15 Display of the cabin cross section Department Date Prepared Checked Page SpitzenCluster 15 11 2010 P Montarnal 46 Type Preliminary Sizing Bishop GmbH PreSTo Cabin Documentation Report No RBH300128 Extract www bishop gmbh com 2 1 4 Cabin floor plan The following items must
84. www bishop gmbh com PreSTo Cabin A Preliminary Sizing Tool for Passenger Aircraft Cabins Documentation and User s Manual Philippe Montarnal 2010 11 15 Report Extracted from Report No PBH300128 PreSTo by Lucia N ez at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences Bishop GmbH Hamburg Channel 1 www bishop gmbh com REPORT Department SpitzenCluster Sitzschiene Report No PBH300128 cabin only Analysis type Preliminary Sizing Classification PUBLIC Subject Summary PRELIMINARY SIZING TOOL PRESTO CABIN This report was extracted by Lucia N ez at Hamburg University of Applied Sciences from the Report No PBH300128 PREliminary Sizing TOol PreSTo The Preliminary Sizing Tool PreSTo Cabin is an Excel VBA based application for aircraft cabin preliminary design PreSTo Cabin provides the preliminary sizing and the interactive step by step design of the cabin PreSTo Cabin supports the seat rail positioning inside the airplane fuselage and offers the possibility to define the distance between seat rails depending on the cabin layout PreSTo Cabin was jointly developed by Bishop GmbH and Aero Aircraft Design and Systems Group Hamburg University of Applied Sciences It is one module of the main large Program PreSTo Preliminary Sizing Tool for Aircraft design which was started under the Green Freighter Project http GF ProfScholz de with Kolja Seeckt This report can be regarded

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