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1. BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software The seismic time series data follows the header information The seismic data is saved for each sensor sequentially assuming a triaxial configuration If only a uniaxial or bi axial configuration exist then a zero amplitude is stored for the missing component For example assume there are four channels within a PSM network and that the first sensor package is triaxial the second is uniaxial the third is bi axial and the fourth is triaxial The PSM seismic data is then stored as follows for f of data 1 1 4 1 22 CANNE 4 244 24 Xtp Yep Zip Xtp 0 0 xe yep 0 Xe yep Ze 1 1 21 2 3 3 4 4 4 E Xt Yt Zt Xt 0 0 Xi yg 0 X2 Via Ziz t ty e Stop Acquisition the user may abort the operation by pressing the Stop Acquisition push button On the top right hand corner of the screen a graphical LED shows at all times the status Green ready to commence data acquisition Yellow waiting for trigger Red event occurred r E Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Stop cquisition Trigger Specifications STA LTA Parameters and Trigger Channel Requirements lv Automated STA LTA Window Settings Enabled Trigger Channels Required 1 P wave STA LT Parameters Threshold Ratio 4 05 ST Window ms 4 05 LTA Window ms 104 5 lv Enable S wave STA LTA Parameters Threshold R atio 4 5 ST Window ms 10 53 LTA Window ms 10562 5 Iv Enabl2. e Data Gain the data gain corresponds to the amplitude gain amp 9 manus on the recorded data The Data Gain can be set from 0 to 84 X cancel dB in increments of 6 dB Figure 3 Default Directory Data Dialog Box Revision 1 2 Page 4 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software e Sampling Rate the sampling rate 1s specified in KHz and it ranges in values from 1 KHz to 10 KHz with a default value of 5 KHz The selected sampling rate depends on the CPU capabilities of the computer running the wSeis DAC program If the computer cannot maintain the specified sampling rate for the configured number of channels the error message Insufficient CPU speed for Triggering Algorithm is displayed Whenever this message appears the user should either decrease the sampling rate configure fewer channels or utilize a computer with greater CPU capabilities However for the proper operation of this software it is mandatory to disable as many Windows programs running in the background as possible e Sampling Time the sampling time is specified in ms and it corresponds to the total data acquisition time For optimal data storage and processing the sampling time should not be much longer than what is required to capture the P wave and S wave events for the configured PSM system There are three fundamental time series measurements obtained from the installed seismic sensor array which allow the investigator
3. 8 appears Here the user can select the desired PSM data file or data files 1 e lt SHIFT gt plus left mouse click or lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click to convert The user then selects the Open button Lu Seis DAC M automatically creates file subdirectory SEG2 where the converted files are saved The converted files are similarly named as the PSM ASCII file to be converted with the exception that the extension aci has been replaced with seg For example PSM file uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 aci is converted to uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 seg 4 3 Default GUI Settings E Default GUI Settings E The Default GUI Settings dialog box 1s shown in Figure A T Frequency Scaling Parameters 9 Here the user can specify the minimum and T nable maximum value for the frequency axis as well as the IALTA iaca El precision the number of digits and the increment for ia it pe EI both the vertical amplitude axis and the horizontal time axis Amplitude Precision Digits Display Parameters Precision B The minimum and maximum values for the frequency o axis are used for the Utilities gt View Seismic Data Increment ES frequency display The default settings for these frequencies are zero and the Nyquist frequency 1 2A where A is the sampling rate respectively If the user 5 wishes to change these values then check box Enable Digits fe should be checked and the appropriate minimum and Increment
4. Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Chapter 2 Main Menu LH Seis DAC M is a program that facilitates the data acquisition of PSM time series data utilizing sophisticated signal processing and event detection algorithms The main menu of pSeis DAC as illustrated in Figure 1 has three options e File to carry out the PSM data acquisition e Utilities e Help The desired submenu is chosen either by moving the mouse over the desired option and pressing the left hand mouse button by pressing function lt F10 gt on the keyboard and selecting the desired highlighted option or by pressing the corresponding menu item letter on the keyboard ER uSeis DAC Ele Utilities Help Figure 1 Main Menu in uSeis DAC M Revision 1 2 Page 3 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Chapter 3 Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition The File menu option is used to carry out the data acquisition and allows the user to communicate with the signal conditioning board and the analog digital A D conversion device As shown in Figure 2 this menu has three tabs for data input e Data File Specification and A D Parameters e Common Trigger Parameters e Trigger Type Selection Once the data has been entered the tool bar at the top of the screen is used to control the actual data acquisition a AJ Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Begin Acq
5. 1s chosen once the Trigger Type and the associated data acquisition and filter parameters have been specified pSeis DAC stores the user specified data acquisition and filter parameters in the useisDAC ini file and these values become the default parameters Once the Begin Acquisition button has been selected uSeis DAC M will start the continuous monitoring of the PSM sensors at the user specified sampling rate and whenever an event has been identified the seismic data for all sensors within the PSM network are saved to file in ASCII format The saved seismic data has the following header information sample rate in ms estimated G M variance o estimated G M time constant in ms Ic estimated source wave dominant frequency in Hz number of sensor packages and sensor channel that triggered the system Note When applying the SEED M trigger the background noise is modeled as a stationary Gauss Markov G M process which can be defined by its autocorrelation with the two parameters of variance c and time constant T These parameters are derived from the seismic time series in real time by windowing on the noise portion of the trace and calculating the autocorrelation of the background noise In case of a Contact and Frequency Filter trigger numeric values of 99 are inserted for o T and the estimated source wave dominant frequency as these parameters are not available when these triggers are used Revision 1 2 Page 9
6. 40 X X Pull Waveform Display as see atei nat iat n pei Chapter 5 Chart Formatting Exporting and Printing sese 19 Chapter 6 FS ID NAC IUL stai aia tat n a i a na ta 20 Appendix 1 Baziw E 2005 Real Time Seismic Signal Enhancement Utilizing a Hybrid Rao Blackwellised Particle Filter and Hidden Markov Model Filter IEEE Geosci Remote Sensing Letters GRSL vol 2 no 4 pp 418 422 sss 2 Appendix 2 BCE technical note entitled Passive Micro Seismic Event Detection by identifying quantifying and extracting frequency anomalies within statistically describa Dac Ret OH TO ISS senesne tmt ME pue tU exp to ial SUR let title 22 Appendix 3 BCE technical note entitled Relating Peak Particle Velocity and Acceleration to Moment Magnitude in Passive Micro Seismic Monitoring 23 Appendix 4 uSeis DAC M Installation Procedure cccccccccccccceceeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeseeeees 24 Revision 1 0 Page ii BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software List of Figures Figure 1 Main Menu in pn Seis DACIM ooo cccccssssssssssssessessseeseseeeeeeeseeseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 3 iut PM DIM aa ae up acneea m 4 Figure s Dorault Directory Data Dialog BOX acre mazilirea il a HEINE MUERE 4 Figure4 Common Lripper Parameters SCPC Ci imi oasis a na ii ved euo Ro vdd at ea i ce ia 6 Igourc Puppet TODO Se IG OB eee eee roe Botea E ile iale e
7. Figure 8 appears Here the user can File name uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 19 55 101 aci uSEIS 11 05 2 v ASCH files aci select the desired PSM data file or data files i e lt SHIFT gt plus left mouse click or lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click to convert Figure 8 PSM file input dialog box The user then selects the Open button HL Seis DAC M automatically creates file subdirectory BCE ASCII where the converted files are saved The converted files are similarly named as the PSM file to be converted with the exception that the sensor triaxial package number is inserted after the time stamp For example PSM file uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 aci containing four triaxial sensor packages is converted to the following four triaxial ASCII files uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 SENSORI aci uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 SENSOR2 aci uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 SENSOR3 aci uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 18 34 823 SENSORA aci Revision 1 2 Page 11 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 4 2 Convert to SEG2 Format The Convert to SEG2 Format option allows for the conversion of the saved seismic time series data into a user specified and customized SEG2 seismic data format This option allows the Hu Seis DAC M user to process the acquired PSM data files with a variety of PSM analysis software packages When menu option Convert to SEG2 Format is selected the file input dialog box shown in Figure
8. M is based on the so called SEED Signal Enhancement and Event Detection algorithm which uses real time Bayesian Recursive Estimation BRE digital filtering techniques to analyze the raw data The software is customized for specific job applications and client requirements For example typically important system considerations consist of the number of sensors deployed the type of seismic sensors accelerometer or geophone the sensitivity and bandwidth of sensors and the area under analysis Hu Seis DAC M includes the following features Configurable for either geophones or accelerometers Configurable for multi channel Contact Triggers Configurable for multi channel Digital Frequency Filter Triggers Configurable for multi channel SEEDTM Triggers suitable for P Wave and S wave P wave or S wave short term average long term average STA LTA event detection Automated pre trigger specification Ability to convert acquired PSM data in SEG 2 format Ability to convert acquired PSM data in BCE ASCII triaxial format Display of acquired seismic data with option of applying bandpass high pass low pass and notch digital filters VVVVVVVV VV Revision 1 2 Page 1 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 1 2 Organization of users manual The purpose of this manual is to instruct users of uSeis DAC M in the use of the product by explaining its structure taking the user step by step through
9. is displayed and the user is exited out of data acquisition The user can disable the CPU timing check by checking the Disable CPU Check box When timing issues arise with this box checked a file is saved as outlined in Data File Specification but in this case with the string CPUFailure appended For example the file uSEIS 25 05 2011 11 51 26 053 aci becomes uSEIS 25 05 2011 11 51 26 053CPUFAILURE The only information saved within CPUFailure is the trigger processing time in ms There may be occasional instances when the CPU trigger timing is exceeded e g opening an application and the user does not want to exit out of the PSM data acquisition In this case the user only wishes to be notified of the time when this occurred and the corresponding trigger processing time The Disable CPU Check facilitates this zm Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition 7 3 LE f Begin Acquisition 3 3 Trigger Type Selection ERA C Contact C Frequency Filter SEED Pod r Digital Frequency Filters SEED Filter Parameters The Trigger Type Selection tab is illustrated T EM NNNM in Figure 5 where the user must specify the High Pass Frequency Hz 30 Enabled Minimum Frequency Het 30 desired Trigger Type and the associated Low Pass Frequency Hz 230 Maximum Frequency Hz 430 signal processing filter parameters There High Pass Filter Parameter Frequency Resolution Hz 4 High Pass Frequency Hz 30 Iw Enabled are three
10. 0 0001 maximum frequencies should be specified X Cancel Figure 9 Default GUI Settings Time Precision Digits Display Parameters The precision the number of digits and the increment for both the vertical amplitude axis and the horizontal time axis are used for the Utilities gt View Seismic Data and Utilities gt X Y Z Full Waveform Display chart displays The default settings for these parameters are 6 3 and 0 01 for the vertical amplitude axis and 4 2 and 0 01 for the horizontal time axis Revision 1 2 Page 12 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software These settings are then stored within configuration file useisDac ini so that they will be implemented whenever uSeis DAC M is used r gt she Seismic Data a m 10 ao i v X Axis IV Y Axis v Z Axis v Fiet Overlay FFT Display Pre Trigger Data File CJOBSYSCPTYSoftwareDelphiXEXSC3 RA VFugroxEFugro SEG2 Data VASCILeisdchendam _ 0_270_SHOTNR_000 aci m s2 0 50 100 150 250 300 350 200 Time ms Figure 10 Utilities gt View Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 6 3 0 01 and 4 2 0 1 respectively 4 4 Sensor Type and Units The Sensor Type and Units dialog boxes are shown in The Sensor Type Specification interface Figure 12 r dh Seismic Data c i iS vi X Ax
11. SURFACE NOSTICS S5 UB DIA 3 m m m mam LITT PEN a a a aas m m aa CCEPIT see iiin m m m m a a eee See eee User s Reference Manual uSEIS DAC Version 1 0 June 2011 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software BCES mission is to provide our clients around the world with state of the art seismic data acquisition and analysis systems which allow for better and faster diagnostics of the sub surface The company provides state of the art hardware and software solutions for a wide variety of seismic engineering applications If necessary we will customize our products to suit the requirements of our clients even better BCE s products and services consist of e Seismic Data Acquisition and Signal Conditioning Hardware seismic Data Processing Software Applied Seismology Consulting Services seismic Data Processing Professional Seminars By publishing this manual we will hopefully provide a better understanding of downhole seismic testing and the role it can play in geotechnical investigations Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd 3943 West 32nd Avenue Vancouver B C Canada V6S 1Z4 url www bcengineers com email info bcengineers com 2011 Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd All rights reserved The content on this work is protected by the copyrights of Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd No part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retriev
12. al system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying or otherwise without the prior written permission of Baziw Consulting Engineers Ltd Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual we assume no responsibility for any errors or omissions nor do we assume liability for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this manual Revision 1 0 Page i BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Table of Contents Sao E UC Sine ina et ata EM muU il Chapter 1 ia 150 eiie PRO ENTRE srl a it al Ba MEER Uri isei DAC 1 2 Organization of users manual usce ia alea atata ct acela saca IRR SHINE IK NEAR NI des anda Chapter 2 Main N RR oi tat tc lar ti dci etil ela dt 3 Chapter 3 Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition nea 4 3 1 Data File Specification and A D Parameters eee 32 ommon Trigger eg 1018 0 LE DS ascenso Ete End M ll ca NUMEN ES 23 npser TyDe CSE CLIO e ossis aaa EE aa Antilele ee 3 4 Begin Acquisition and Stop Acquisition Tool Bar Chapter 4 Oils e RR Um 1 41 OVC LO BCEASCH Format ceceni a d oi om aa a t d E eta aa et T2 CON CLO ey DOLIA Dica ETE aia apa dt la brad ae SES O ali U LIINO serii sim ez teaca ee ene ee ta ev ma ada 4 4 Sensor Type and Units eee neeneaaaaaea do WMISOSOISUHO IDD A sotie aste editate aaa sa amalia toata aici mel ii ateu teii
13. brings up the Chart Printing Dialog Box as shown in Figure 24 Finally this utility has an extensive electronic Help function which is accessed though the He p button at the bottom left of the screen 39 Editing ChatXYZ gt Chart series Data Tools Animations Export Print Series General Axis Titles Legend Pane Paging walls 30 a Eeiting caoz E mmm Chart Series Data Tools Animations Export Print Printer Dell V715w Network I Orientation Portrait Landscape Margins 96 v View Margins Figure 24 Chart Printing Dialog Box Revision 1 2 Page 19 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Chapter 6 Help Menu The main menu shown in Figure 1 includes a Help option that includes the following e About provides software version information on wSets DAC e User s Manual will output the uSeis DAC M user s manual in a default pdf browser e Link to BCE makes a link to Baziw Consulting Engineers web page Revision 1 2 Page 20 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Appendix 1 Baziw E 2005 Real Time Seismic Signal Enhancement Utilizing a Hybrid Rao Blackwellised Particle Filter and Hidden Markov Model Filter IEEE Geosci Remote Sensing Letters GRSL vol 2 no 4 pp 418 422 Revision 1 2 Page 21 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Ap
14. cam ste af ie 7 Figure 6 Screen shot while data acquisition is ongoing 10 Figure 7 Utilities Sub Menu ODLUOFS cis exit epa ee ph oa stu Eo alne chan edet pe onde pound ede a aa da npe laus 11 Figure S PSM Tile input dialog DOK sic eee alina tetanos id 11 Figure 9 Default GUI Settings nana 12 Figure 10 Utilities 2 View Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 6 3 0 01 and 4 2 0 1 respectively 13 Figure 11 Utilities gt View Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 9 9 0 00001 and 6 6 0 00001 respectively 13 Figure 12 Sensor Type and Units dialog boxes sess 13 Figure 13 Main graphical interface in Utilities gt View Seismic Data software option 14 Figure 14 Filtered seismic trace in Utilities gt View Seismic Data software option 15 Figure 15 Overlaying unfiltered seismic time series onto filtered time series 15 Figure 16 Display of frequency spectrum of seismic time series illustrated in Figure 13 15 Figure 17 X Y Z Full Waveform Display dialog box sss 16 Figure 18 X Y Z Full Waveform graphical interface box essen 16 Figure 19 Example of X Y Z Full waveform output where the X component Y component Z component a
15. ck box is checked then the P or S wave STA LTA event detection 1s enabled j Enable Revision 1 2 Page 6 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software e P orS wave Dominant Frequencies The dominant frequencies input parameters allow the investigator to specify minimum Fhin OT fin and maximum f or fj expected values for the P or S wave dominant frequency These values are utilized within the Automated STA LTA Window Settings when calculating the STA and LTA window length calculation the STA time window is defined to be 85 of the median period STA 0 85 x Z fi fmax while the LTA time window 1s defined as 100 times the STA time window LTA 100 x STA gt Min Frequency minimum P or S wave dominant frequency fhin in Hz The fmin Value defaults to 160 Hz and 30 Hz for P and S waves respectively gt Max Frequency maximum P or S wave dominant frequency fmax in Hz The fmax value defaults to 260 Hz and 130 Hz for P and S waves respectively It should be noted that the event detection portion of the SEED algorithm also requires that the estimated dominant frequency resides within the previously described P wave and S wave frequency windows e Disable CPU Check As outlined in section 3 1 if the computer cannot maintain the specified sampling rate for the configured number of channels the error message Insufficient CPU speed for Triggering Algorithm
16. e P Wave Dominant Frequencies S wave Dominant Frequencies P wave Min Frequency Hz E 60 Minimum Frequency Hz 30 P wave Max Frequency Hz 260 Maximum Frequency Hz fi 30 Disable CPU Check Figure 6 Screen shot while data acquisition is ongoing Revision 1 2 Page 10 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software E pSeis DAC Ch 4 U ili File Utilities Help apter ti ities Convert to BCE ASCI Format Convert to SEG2 Format Default GUI Settings Sensor Type and Units The Utilities option on the uSeis DAC main menu option contains six sub menu View Seismic Data View Seismic Data X Y Z Full Waveform Display options as 1s shown in Figure 7 X V Z Full Waveform Display e Convert to BCE ASCII Format e Convert to SEG2 Format e Default GUI Settings e Sensor Type and Units e e Figure 7 Utilities Sub Menu Options 4 1 Convert to BCE ASCII Format n M Specify Seismic Profile Data d e The Convert to BCE ASCII Format option allows for the conversion of the saved seismic time series data into the BCE standard triaxial I Dropbox D format This conversion is required prior to i the implementation of Utilities View Seismic ee LL users 5 2o 142 4 3a _ uSEIS 11 05 2011 14 19 55 101 aci Data and X Y Z Full Waveform Display When menu option Convert to BCE ASCII Format 1s selected the file input dialog box shown in
17. e series w Y Axis v Z Axis 130 72 2 463300 Upon selecting this option an input dialog box appears where the user specifies the seismic file to be processed Figure 13 then shows the graphical output that appears once a seismic file has been selected At the top of this figure there are three 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 checkboxes Filter Overlay and Time ms FFT and the numeric values of the time and amplitude at the current Fi igure 13 Main graphical interface in Utilities gt View location of the graphical crosshair Seismic Data software option If the Filter check box 1s selected the graphical output shown in Figure 14 appears which shows the graphical results after specifying a bandpass of 30 to 200 Hz The user may then overlay the unfiltered seismic trace onto the filtered trace by selecting checkbox Overlay as illustrated in Figure 15 The smoothed Fast Fourier Transform FFT of either the unfiltered or filtered seismic trace is derived and displayed by selecting checkbox FFT The frequency spectrum of the filtered trace is displayed if the checkbox Filter is selected along with the FFT checkbox Otherwise the unfiltered seismic trace s frequency spectrum is displayed Figure 16 shows the frequency spectrum of the unfiltered data file shown in Figure 13 Revision 1 2 Page 14 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software t seismic Data E label Li me
18. e Is based up the mentiras FE sta Wow ms Nos LTA Window ms 1062 5 Short Term Average to Long Term Average STA LTA ratio of the ceea E e 5 filtered seismic data An event then P wave Max Frequency Het 260 _ Mavimum Frequency Het 30 occurs whenever this ratio exceeds a _ user defined threshold for the particular sensor under analysis If the Automated STA LTA Window Settings Enabled Checkbox is Figure 4 Common Trigger Parameters Screen checked then the STA and LTA window lengths are set automatically Trigger Channels Required the trigger channels required parameter defines how many sensor channels must see an event for it to be identified as an overall PSM event P or S wave STA LTA Parameters The uSeis DAC M program allows for the P wave and the S wave trigger to be enabled with differing STA LTA parameters specified For each wave type the following parameters must be defined gt Threshold Ratio the threshold for the STA LTA ratio for the P or S wave under analysis gt STA Window STA Window length specified in ms for the P or S wave under analysis If the Automated STA LTA Window Settings Enabled Checkbox is checked then this value 1s specified automatically LTA Window ms LTA Window length specified in ms for the P wave under analysis If the Automated STA LTA Window Settings Enabled Checkbox 1s checked then this value is specified automatically Enabled If this che
19. ft mouse click or lt CTRL gt plus left mouse click After the Open button has been selected by the user the main X Y Z Full Waveform Display graphical user interface dialogue box r 444 Specify Seismic Profile Data c EP ee passive seismic gt useis dac Delphi XE Test Data New folder Name uSEIS_20_05_2011 15_46_30_079_SENSORI ACI File uSEIS 20 05 201115 46 30 079 SENSOR2 ACI File _ uSEIS 20 05 2011 15 46 30 079 SENSOR3 ACI File uSEIS 20 05 201115 46 30 079 SENSORA ACI File wd Filename uSEIS 20 05 201115 46 30 079 SENSORAaci uSE ASCII files aci o mn appears as is illustrated in Figure 18 In Figure 17 X Y Z Full Waveform Display dialog box addition the selected multiple BCE ASCII Formatted triaxial data acquisition files appear as is illustrated in Figure 19 The graphical interface box provides two chart display options to display or not by selecting the appropriate option for each axis and the full waveform The absolute value of the full waveform is displayed and defined as p t yx y t z t The user can modify the seismic trace coloring scheme by selecting the appropriate color button The coloring scheme is then saved within the useisDAC ini file for future applications zn Depth Profile Parameter Specification A axis options ra S trace color f Display Axis axis options None trace c
20. is IV Y Axis lv Z Axis v Fiet Overlay FFT Display Pre Trigger Data File C JOBS ISCPT SoftwareDelphixE SC3 RA VFugroXE Fuaro SEG2 Data ASCILeisdchendam 0 270 SHOTNR 000 aci m s2 mis2 200 250 300 350 Time ms Figure 11 Utilities gt View Seismic Data display with the Amplitude and Time default settings Precision Digits and Increment set at 9 9 0 00001 and 6 6 0 00001 respectively BE Sensors Uthlized and Units Preferred Sensor Type Specification Desired Units allows the user to specify whether Accelerometers output proportional to particle acceleration or Geophones output proportional to particle velocity are used within the PSM network The Desired Units user interface facilitates the specification of whether the particle velocities and accelerations recorded are given in units of m s and m s or m s and mm s respectively Revision 1 2 f m Geophone Figure 12 Sensor Type and Units dialog boxes Page 13 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 4 5 View Seismic Data The Uflilities View Seismic Data option allows the user to analyze a BCE ASCII Format triaxial data acquisition file The analysis features consists of filtering the seismic trace overlaying the unfiltered trace onto the filtered trace and displaying the smoothed Fourier transform of either the unfiltered or filtered seismic tim
21. nd full waveform seismic time series data is displayed sssss 17 Inoeure 20 dscadable Tikes LSD Int Gib AC asus ctre iona Cite sai eri oncle in etanol 17 Figure 21 Seismic Time Series Data Shown in Figure 19 with the Globally Normalization Goya peg oh a s ERR et 18 Figure 22 Display of PPA by selecting button Show PP 18 LIroure25 C hart Elea 60 OX occas cares ice ete seci saca pia ea na ie mood ea nica bi ae i ice ist i 19 Figure 24 Chart Printing Dialog Box eee 19 Revision 1 0 Page 111 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1 Whatis uSeis DAC LH Seis DAC M is a program that facilitates the data acquisition of Passive Micro Seismic Monitoring PSM time series data utilizing sophisticated signal processing and event detection algorithms Among engineers there 1s considerable interest in the real time identification of events within time series data with a low signal to noise ratio S N This is especially true for acoustic emission analysis which is utilized in the field of PSM Here an array of seismic receivers are used to acquire acoustic signals to monitor locations where seismic activity 1s expected underground excavations deep open pits and quarries reservoirs into which fluids are injected or from which fluids are produced permeable subsurface formations or sites of large underground explosions HL Seis DAC
22. o USB 1208HS 4AO 271859 Ready If not select the USB 08HS A D device and right mouse click and select the Change Board as shown below Revision 1 2 Page 24 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software InstaCal Mz File Install Calbrate Test Help WB pc Board List 4m Universal Serial Bus Y i Configure Calibrate d Test d Change Board Remove Board Ready 4 Configure the USB 08HS A D device as Single Ended by selecting the Configure option shown above and selecting 6 Single Ended as illustrated below Board Configuration USB 1208HS 4AO Identification Factory Serial No 271859 Identifier No of Channels E Single Ended r Flash LED Firmware Version 1 02 FPGA Version 1 01 5 Put uSeis DAC CD into CD reader navigate to sub directory SC3 DAC Pro Execute program sefup exe 6 Seis DACTM default directory is c USEIS DAC unless otherwise specified 7 Execute program c USEIS DAC USEISDAC exe Revision 1 2 Page 25
23. olor fe Display Y Axis 2 axis options Mone f Display Z Axis trace color Full waveform options Display full waveform C Figure 18 X Y Z Full Waveform graphical interface box Fw trace color Revision 1 2 Page 16 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software The user should select user button EEF in order to implement newly specified chart configuration parameters Selection of user interface button results in the display of the Cascadable Filters dialog box see Figure 20 allowing the user to specify the filter parameters for the selected filter 1 e bandpass notch high pass or low pass The user can normalize the display ocally or globally by opening the Normalize pull down menu and then selecting the appropriate normalization option By normalizing the seismic data ocally the amplitudes of a X component Y component Z component and full waveform set of time series data for a specific sensor package are normalized with respect to the absolute maximum value recorded for this set of triaxial data When normalizing the data globally all of the displayed seismic data is normalized with respect to the absolute maximum amplitude recorded within the entire set of displayed data Figure 21 illustrates the seismic data shown in Figure 19 following a global normalization As the user moves the cursor over individual traces the corresponding file name of the
24. pendix 2 BCE technical note entitled Passive Micro Seismic Event Detection by identifying quantifying and extracting frequency anomalies within statistically describable background noise Revision 1 2 Page 22 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Appendix 3 BCE technical note entitled Relating Peak Particle Velocity and Acceleration to Moment Magnitude in Passive Micro Seismic Monitoring Revision 1 2 Page 23 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Appendix 4 uSeis DAC M Installation Procedure In order for Seis DAC to function properly it is important that the all software incl the InstaCal software is installed in the right sequence Therefore do not connect the USB 1208 1408 or 1608HS A D device 12 bit 14 bit and 16 bit respectively until step 3 The software should be installed as follows 1 Put uSeis DAC CD into CD reader navigate to sub directory nstaCal 6 01 and install InstaCal select file icalsetup exe 2 After installation reboot the computer 3 Plug USB 08HS A D into USB port and execute program nstaCal InstaCal insures that the USB A D device is recognized by the Windows operating system and allows for configuration and calibration Verify that the USB 08HS device is configured as Board 0 as illustrated below InstaCal File Install Calibrate Test Help WI Pc Board List Universal Serial Bus N Boardz
25. r Low Pass Frequency Hz 100 0 Enabled Initial Time Start Time msec og Enabled x Abort Figure 20 Cascadable Filters User Interface Revision 1 2 Page 17 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software E Gi 243 m Edit chart Save Load Read data ShowPP Normalize 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Time ms i Ed chat Save Normalize Legend adi zi tliat A z CL PPA 1081 0000 mm s2 NEN UNE PPA 781 5000 mmis2 ald mE PPA 3580 0000 mmis2 fl PPA 1096 0000 mm s2 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Time ms Figure 21 Seismic Time Series Data Shown in Figure 19 with the Globally Normalization Option Enabled Figure 22 Display of PPA by selecting button Show PP Revision 1 2 Page 18 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software Chapter 5 Chart Formatting Exporting and Printing Tit The graphical edit button Gels displayed at the top left hand corner of the View Seismic Data and X Y Z Full Waveform Display screens shown in the previous figures allows for chart formatting printing and exporting Figure 23 illustrates the graphical interface that appears when this button is selected which allows for extensive modification of the displayed data and chart attributes In addition the data can be printed by selecting the Print tab which
26. requency higher cut off frequency in Hertz Frequencies above this value are removed from the seismic data The low pass frequency value defaults to 210 Hz 3 Enabled If this check box is checked then the Bandpass filter is enabled The Bandpass filter is not allowed to be enabled if either the High Pass or Low Pass filters have been enabled gt High Pass Filter 1 High Pass Frequency lower cut off frequency in Hertz Frequencies below this value are removed from the seismic data The high pass frequency value defaults to 30 Hz 2 Enabled If this check box is checked then the High Pass filter 1s enabled The High Pass filter is not allowed to be enabled if the Bandpass filter has been enabled Low Pass Filter 1 Low Pass Frequency higher cut off frequency in Hertz Frequencies above this value are removed from the seismic data The low pass frequency value defaults to 210 Hz 2 Enabled If this check box is checked then the Low Pass filter is enabled The Low Pass filter is not allowed to be enabled if the Bandpass filter has been enabled Maximum Filtered Amplitude Reduction Factor The STA LTA event detection algorithm is dependent upon relative amplitudes values ratio calculation therefore there is no indication to what extent the amplitudes have been decreased by applying the frequency filters Therefore it 1s possible that noise or filter anomalies of very low magnitude relative to unfiltered seismic data are pre
27. seismic trace is displayed at the top center of the chart The user can display acceleration velocity or displacement profiles by pressing the right mouse button and selecting the desired particle motion The user can display peak particle values for acceleration PPA velocity PPV and displacement PPD within the X Y Z Full Waveform display by selecting button Show PP as illustrated in Figure 22 A new set of data files can be read in by selecting user interface button Read data SE The graphical edit button Ela extensive chart editing as outlined in Chapter 5 The Save and Load buttons allow the user to save and to load configured chart edit settings respectively n EM Velocity profile 2 mes gt E rei at T chart Save Load Readdata ShowPP Normalize Legend C JOBS passive seismic wuseis dac Delphi XE Test DatawSEIS_20_05_2011 15 46 30 079 SENSOR 1 aci 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Figure 19 Example of X Y Z Full waveform output where the X component Y component Z component and full waveform seismic time series data is displayed Cascadable Filters Filter Selection and Specifications Bandpass Filter Parameters High Pass Frequency Hz 20 0 us Low Pass Frequency Hz an Match Filter Parameter Notch Frequency Hz Enabled High Pass Filter Parameter High Pass Frequency Hz 30 0 Enabled Low Pass Fillter Paramete
28. sent after frequency filtering due to the fact that the frequencies intended for isolation were either not present or negligible within the unfiltered seismic data To address this the Maximum Filtered Amplitude Reduction Factor provides an additional level of event detection if the ratio between the Maximum Amplitude Unfiltered Signal Maximum Amplitude Revision 1 2 Page 8 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 3 4 Filtered Signal exceeds this factor then it is assumed that no event has occurred The factor defaults to 8 within the uSeis DAC M program SEED M trigger For the SEED trigger the program requires three input parameters the minimum fmm and maximum fmax sinusoidal dominant frequencies as well as the frequency resolution gt Minimum Frequency minimum HMM dominant sinusoidal frequency in Hz The fm value defaults to 30 Hz within the uSeis DAC M program gt Maximum Frequency maximum HMM dominant sinusoidal frequency in Hz The fmax value defaults to 430 Hz within the uSeis DAC M program gt Frequency Resolution Hz The HMM frequency resolution The fg value defaults to 4 Hz within the uSeis DACTM program Begin Acquisition and Stop Acquisition Tool Bar Once the user has specified the desired Trigger Type and the associated input data PSM can commence The uSeis DAC M tool bar options are as follows Begin Acquisition the Begin Acquisition option
29. ss mos nico BEEWEMISIE Figure 14 Filtered seismic trace in Utilities gt View Seismic Data software option Data File C 1JOBS ipassive seismicWuseis dac Delphi XE Test DatawsSEIS 20 05 201115 46 30 079 SENSOR aci 2 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 Time ms M Y xs M ZAxis 203 20 0 903008 Figure 15 Overlaying unfiltered seismic time series onto filtered time series Data File C JOBS passive seismiciuseis dac Delphi XE Test DatawSEIS_20_05_2011 15_46_30_079_SENSOR1 aci 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 Time ms Fey M Y xs M Z Axis 603 04 0 000721 Figure 16 Display of frequency Data File C 1JOBSpassive seismiciuseis dac Delphi XE Test DataiuSEIS 20 05 201115 48 30 078 SENSORT aci S pec rum of Se is m ic 1 me ser ie S Saat ck a nested cs a a en tu illustrated in Figure 13 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 Frequency Hz Revision 1 2 Page 15 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 46 X Y Z Full Waveform Display The X Y Z Full Waveform Display option allows the user to analyze multiple BCE ASCII Formatted triaxial data acquisition files When the user selects the Utilities X Y Z Full Waveform Display option the file input dialogue box shown in Figure 17 appears The user can input multiple seismic files in this dialogue box i e lt SHIFT gt plus le
30. the program menus and specifying the use of interactive graphics and I O routines In addition the manual contains the following items Appendix 1 provides a copy of the paper entitled Real time seismic signal enhancement utilizing a hybrid Rao Blackwellized particle filter and hidden Markov model filter This paper outlines the mathematical details behind the SEED algorithm Appendix 2 provides a copy of the BCE technical note entitled Passive Micro Seismic event detection by identifying quantifying and extracting frequency anomalies within statistically describable background noise This technical note concisely outlines the SEED algorithm and provides examples of the advantages of the SEED M algorithm over standard frequency filtering techniques Appendix 3 provides a copy of the BCE technical note entitled Relating peak particle velocity and acceleration to moment magnitude in Passive Micro Seismic monitoring This technical note outlines the relationship between the moment magnitude range of a PSM system and the corresponding peak particle velocity and acceleration From this relationship the required A D bit resolution and sensor type requirements can be ascertained for the PSM system Appendix 4 provides the user with a detailed installation procedure for this software To ensure that the program will function properly it is important that it is installed correctly Revision 1 2 Page 2 BCE uSeis DAC Passive
31. to locate an event accurately the angles of incidence obtained from hodogram or polarization analysis and P wave first break 1dentification PandS wave relative arrival times gt P S arrival time differences Generally source location algorithms attempt to minimize iteratively a cost function identified as the RMS difference between the three fundamental parameters and corresponding synthetic derived values The derivation of synthetic values is referred to as forward modeling and this requires the specification of the velocity structure of the area under investigation The previously described parameters do not require that the event start time to be known Only the relative arrival times and the source full waveforms for the case of polarization analysis are required therefore it 1s not required to capture the seismic data from start time to to the times required to travel to the PSM seismic sensors It is only required that sufficient sampling time is specified so that the source waves are captured at all the installed PSM seismic sensors For a first estimate of the required Sampling Time the user should determine the maximum travel time tuax of a S wave propagating between two maximally spaced seismic sensors dmax and assuming a S wave velocity equivalent to the in situ RMS value VSrms Ge tuax dmax VSpms To determine the recommended Sampling Time the user should add to the travel time at least 100 ms to cover si
32. trigger types Contact Frequency NN Filter and SEEDTM Low Pass Filter Parameter C f Low Pass Frequency Hz n0 Iw Enabled e ontact trigger The Con ta ct trigger 1S equivalent to Maximum Filtered Amplitude Reduction Factor R n Maximum Reduction Factor 18 Enabled an electronic switch which triggers when no signal processing is done and STA LTA event detection is Figure 5 Trigger Type Selection Revision 1 2 Page 7 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software applied to the seismic time series data An example of a Contact trigger is the SH hammer beam trigger where a trigger occurs when contact is made between source and receiver e g when the source hammer strikes the truck pads The Frequency Filter trigger allows for the application of digital frequency filters to the recorded seismic data prior to the STA LTA event detection while the SEED trigger enables the application of the SEED M algorithm with STA LTA event detection e Frequency Filter trigger For the Frequency Filter trigger the uSets DAC program offers three digital zero phase shift frequency filters Bandpass High Pass and Low Pass as well as the parameter Maximum Filtered Amplitude Reduction Factor Bandpass Filter 1 High Pass Frequency lower cut off frequency in Hertz Frequencies below this value are removed from the seismic data The high pass frequency value defaults to 30 Hz 2 Low Pass F
33. uisition PY Qe Data File Specification and Sensor Sensitivity Site Name uSEIS Data Directory EI C JOBS passive seismic useis dac Delphi XE A D Parameters Data Gain dB 24 l J 0 Sampling Rate KHz 5 i e 1 10 Hardware Filter KHz 1 67 Sampling Time ms 825 Sensor Sensitivity 100 Pretrigger 165ms fie mv2a and v m s Figure 2 File Menu 3 1 Data File Specification and A D Parameters The Data File Specification and A D Parameters tab is illustrated in Figure 2 and the six input parameters required on this tab are as follows e Data File Specification the seismic data file naming and saving process is automated within uSeis DAC1M A typical file name for a saved seismic file is outlined and defined as follows uSEIS I1 05 2011 I4 I8 34 823 aci uSEIS specified by the user in the Site Name edit box 11 05 2011 day data acquired 1 e day month year 14 18 34 823 time data acquired ER Select Directory 1 hour minute second millisecond amp 9ssesssie seismiciuseis aac Delphi xE ped a m EE aci data saved in ASCII format The default data file storage directory 1s selected by pressing the directory list icon Figure 3 shows the dialog box that appears when this icon is selected The user browses the available drives and directories and selects the one most appropriate for seismic data file storage Test Data BAK
34. x periods of a 60Hz SH source wave In addition a margin of 25 should be included to account for pre trigger data For example if tmax 1s calculated to be 600ms then the Sampling Time is defined as Sampling Time 1 25 x twax 100 875 ms Revision 1 2 Page 5 BCE uSeis DAC Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition Software 3 2 The C ommon Tri gge r P arame te FS tab 1S ra Passive Micro Seismic Data Acquisition shown in Figure 4 and the fifteen input Since data storage is not really limited in most cases it is more important that the sampling Time is set large enough to capture all required data for the PSM system than to optimize this parameter Sensor Sensitivity the seismic sensor s sensitivity allowing for the recording of the particle accelerations or velocities in the true units of m s or m s respectively is provided by your PSM system supplier Common Trigger Parameters Begin cquisition p aram et ers re quir e d on this tab are as fi oll ows Data File Specification and A D Parameters Common Trigger Parameters Trigger Type Selection Trigger Specifications Automated S TA LTA Window STA LTA Parameters and Trigger Channel Requirements lv Automated STA LTA Window Settings Enabled Trigger Channels Required 1 Settings Enabled Checkbox the ENA PE event detection portion of the n Seis Threshold Ratio 4 1 STA Window ms 405 LTA Window ms 4048 v Enable DA CN pros
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