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Fortran Library Reference

1. char character Input The character to write to the unit Return INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK value status gt 0 System error code Example putc character char s 10 OK by putc INTEGER 4 putc status do i 1 10 char s i i status putc char end do status putc n end demos 77 silent tputc f demo a out OK by putc demo fputc Write to Specified Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER 4 fputc status fputc lunit char lunit INTEGER 4 Input The unit to write to char character Input The character to write to the unit Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 System error code Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 81 Example fputc character char s 11 OK by fputc INTEGER 4 fputc status open 1 file tfputc data do a i T1 char s i i status fputc 1 char end do Status fpute iy Na j end demos 77 silent tfputc f demo a out demo cat tfputc data OK by fputc demo See also putc 3S int ro 2 and perror 3F 82 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 qsort qsort 64 Sort the Elements of a One Dimensional Array The subroutine is called by call qsort array call qsort64 array len8 len isize compar isize8 compar
2. array array Input Contains the elements to be sorted len INTEGER 4 Input Number of elements in the array len8 INTEGER 8 Input Number of elements in the array isize INTEGER 4 Input Size of an element typically 4 for integer or real 8 for double precision or complex 16 for double complex Length of character object for character arrays isize8 INTEGER 8 Input Size of an element typically 4_8 for integer or real 8_8 for double precision or complex 16_8 for double complex Length of character object for character arrays compar function Input Name of a user supplied INTEGER 2 function name Determines sorting order compar arg1 arg2 Use qsort64 in 64 bit environments with arrays larger than 2 Gbytes Be sure to specify the array length len8 and the element size isize8 as INTEGER 8 data Use the Fortran 95 style constants to explicitly specify INTEGER 8 constants The compar arg1 arg2 arguments are elements of array returning Negative Zero Positive If arg1 is considered to precede arg2 If arg1 is equivalent to arg2 If arg1 is considered to follow arg2 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 83 For example demo cat tqsort f external compar integer 2 compar INTEGER 4 array 10 5 1 9 0 8 7 3 4 6 2 len 10 isize 4 call qsort array len isize compar write 1013 array end integer 2 function compar a b INTEGER 4 a b
3. SIGFPE Handling sigfpe_code_type The type of a SIGFPE code sigfpe_handler_typ The type of a user definable SIGFPE exception handler called to handle a particular SIGFPE code SIGFPE_DEFAULT A macro indicating default SIGFPE exception handling IEEE exceptions to continue with a default result and to abort for other SIGFPE codes SIGFPE_IGNORE A macro indicating an alternate SIGFPE exception handling namely to ignore and continue execution SIGFPE_ABORT A macro indicating an alternate SIGFPE exception handling namely to abort with a core dump Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 59 IEEE Exception Handling N_IEEE_EXCEPTION The number of distinct IEEE floating point exceptions fp_exception_type The type of the N_IEEE_EXCEPTION exceptions Each exception is given a bit number fp_exception_field_type The type intended to hold at least N_IEEE_EXCEPTION bits corresponding to the IEEE exceptions numbered by fp_exception_type Thus fp_inexact corresponds to the least significant bit and fp_invalid to the fifth least significant bit Some operations can set more than one exception IEEE Classification fp_class_type A list of the classes of IEEE floating point values and symbols Refer to the Numerical Computation Guide See also icee_environment 3M and 77_ieee_environment 3F index rindex lnb
4. rename Rename a File The function is called by INTEGER 4 rename status rename from to from character n Input Path name of an existing file to character n Input New path name for the file Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 System error code If the file specified by to exists then both from and to must be the same type of file and must reside on the same file system If to exists it is removed first Example rename Rename file trename old to trename new demo cat trename f INTEGER 4 rename status demo 77 silent trename f demo ls trename trename f trename old demo a out demo ls trename trename f trename new demo See also rename 2 and perror 3F status rename from to if status ne 0 stop rename error end character 18 from trename old to trename new Note the path names cannot be longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 87 88 secnds Get S ystem Time in Seconds Minus Argument t secnds t0 t0 REAL Input Constant variable or array element Return REAL Output Number of seconds since midnight minus t0 Value Example secnds demo cat secl f real elapsed t0 tl x y tO 0 0 tl secnds tO y 0 1 do i 1 10000 x asin y end d
5. n Inblnk al al character Input String Return INTEGER 4 Output n gt 0 Index of last nonblank in a1 value or n 0 a1 is all nonblank INTEGER 8 INTEGER 8 returned in 64 bit environments Example index rindex lnblnk 123456789012345678901 character s 24 abcPDOxyz abcPDOQxyz INTEGER 4 declen index first last len Ilnblink rindex declen len s first index s abc last rindex s abc lastnb Inblnk s write declen lastnb write first last end demo 77 silent tindex f demo a out 24 21 lt declen is 24 because intrinsic len returns the declared length of s 113 Note Programs compiled to run in a 64 bit environment must declare index rindex and 1nb1nk and their receiving variables INTE character strings G ER 8 to handle very large Fortran Library Reference May 2000 inmax Return Maximum Positive Integer The function is called by m inmax Return value INTEGER 4 Output The maximum positive integer Example inmax INTEGER 4 inmax m m inmax write m end demo 77 silent tinmax f demo a out 2147483647 demo See also Libm_single 3F and 1ibm_doub1le 3F See also the intrinsic function ephuge described in the FORTRAN 77 Language Reference Manual ioinit Initialize I O Properties The IOINIT ro
6. if a lt b compar 1 if a eq b compar 0 if a gt b compar 1 return end demos 77 silent tqsort f demo a out 012345678 9 84 ran Generate a Random Number Between 0 and 1 Repeated calls to ran generate a sequence of random numbers with a uniform distribution r ran i i INTEGER 4 Input Variable or array element r REAL Output Variable or array element See lcrans 3m Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example ran demo cat ranl f ranl f Generate random numbers INTEGER 4 i n real r 10 i 760013 do n 1 10 r n ran i end do write TC DELIG JOE end demo 77 silent ranl f demo a out 0 222058 0 299851 0 390777 0 607055 0 653188 0 060174 0 149466 0 444353 0 002982 0 976519 demo Note the following m The range includes 0 0 and excludes 1 0 m The algorithm is a multiplicative congruential type general random number generator a In general the value of i is set once during execution of the calling program a The initial value of i should be a large odd integer m Each call to RAN gets the next random number in the sequence m To get a different sequence of random numbers each time you run the program you must set the argument to a different initial value for each run m The argument is used by RAN to store a value for the calculation of the next random number according to
7. UID of owner statb 5 blocks statb 13 end Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 93 94 lstat Get Status for File by File Name The function is called by ierr lstat name statb name character n Input File name statb INTEGER 4 Output Status array of file 13 elements Return value INTEGER 4 Output ierr 0 OK ierr gt 0 Error code Example 3 lstat character name 18 MyFile INTEGER 4 lstat lunit 1 statb 13 open unit lunit file name ierr lstat name statb if ierr ne 0 stop lstat error write UID of owner statb 5 blocks statb 13 end Detail of Status Array for Files The meaning of the information returned in the INTEGER 4 array statb is as described for the structure stat under stat 2 Spare values are not included The order is shown in the following table statb 1 Device inode resides on stathb 2 This inode s number statb 3 Protection statb 4 Number of hard links to the file statb 5 User ID of owner statb 6 Group ID of owner statb 7 Device type for inode that is device statb 8 Total size of file statb 9 File last access time statb 10 File last modify time statb 11 File last status change time statb 12 Optimal blocksize for file system I O ops statb 13 Actual number of blocks allocated Fortran Library Reference May 20
8. ttynam isatty Get Name of a Terminal Port 111 unl ink Remove a File 112 wait Wait for a Process to Terminate 113 Index 115 Contents vii viii Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE 1 1 TABLE 1 2 TABLE 1 3 TABLE 1 4 TABLE 1 5 TABLE 1 6 TABLE 1 7 Tables Library Routines for 64 bit Environments 11 Single Precision Math Functions 13 Double Precision Math Functions 16 Quadruple Precision 1ibm Functions 19 IEEE Arithmetic Support Routines 55 ieee_flags action mode in out Parameters and Actions 56 ieee_handler action in out Parameters 57 x Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Preface The Fortran Library Reference describes the routines in the Sun WorkShop Fortran libraries This reference manual is intended for programmers with a working knowledge of the Fortran language and the Solaris operating environment Multiplatform Release This Sun WorkShop Fortran release supports versions 2 6 7 and 8 of the Solaris SPARC Platform Edition Operating Environment See the fortran_77 and fortran_95 README files in the Sun WorkShop READMEs directory for release information regarding availability of the Fortran compilers and libraries on specific platforms Access to Sun WorkShop Development Tools Because Sun WorkShop product components and man pages do not install into the standard usr bin and usr share man directories you must change your PATH and M
9. 41 42 getarg Get a Command Line Argument The subroutine is called by call getarg k arg k INTEGER 4 Input Index of argument 0 first command name arg character n Output kth argument n INTEGER 4 Size of arg Large enough to hold longest argument iargc Get the Number of Command Line Arguments The function is called by m iargc Return value INTEGER 4 Output Number of arguments on the command line Example iargc and getarg get argument count and each argument demo cat yarg f character argv 10 INTEGER 4 i iargc n n iargc do 1 i 1 n call getarg i argv 1 write 12 1x a i argv end demo 77 silent yarg f demo a out f i Ps Bel ato were 2 yarg f See also execve 2 and getenv 3F Fortran Library Reference May 2000 getc fgetc Get Next Character getc and fgetc get the next character from the input stream Do not mix calls to these routines with normal Fortran I O on the same logical unit getc Get Next Character from stdin The function is called by INTEGER 4 getc status getc char char character Output Next character Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status 1 End of file status gt 0 System error code or 77 I O error code Example getc gets each character from the keyboard note th
10. demo cat titime f INTEGER 4 iarray 3 call itime iarray write The time is 315 larray end demo 77 silent titime f demo a out The time is 15 42 35 See also time 3F ct ime 3F and fdate 3F 68 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 kill Send a Signal to a Process The function is called by status kill pid signum pid INTEGER 4 Input Process ID of one of the user s processes signum INTEGER 4 Input Valid signal number See signal 3 Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 Error code Example fragment Send a message using kill INTEGER 4 kill pid signum status kill pid signum if status ne 0 stop kill error write Sent signal signum to process pid end The function sends signal signum and integer signal number to the process pid Valid signal numbers are listed in the C include file usr include sys signal h See also kil1 2 signal 3 signal 3F fork 3F and perror 3F link symlink Make a Link to an Existing File link creates a link to an existing file symlink creates a symbolic link to an existing file Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 69 70 The functions are called by status link namel name2 INTEGER 4 symlink status symlnk namel name2 namel charac
11. getarg 42 getc 43 getcwd 45 getenv 46 getfd 47 getfilep 48 getgid 51 getlog 50 getpid 50 getuid 51 gmtime 96 gmt ime GMT 100 gmtime64 100 Greenwich Mean Time gmt ime 96 group 92 group ID get getgid 51 H hard links 92 host name get hostnm 52 hostnm 52 hyperbolic cos 13 hyperbolic tan 15 18 hypotenuse 13 Index 117 l iargc 42 id process get getpid 50 id_finite x 17 id_fp_class x 17 id_irint x 17 id_isinf x 17 id_isnan x 17 id_isnormal x 17 id_issubnormal x 17 id_iszero x 17 id_logb x 17 id_signbit x 17 IEEE 59 environment 55 ieee_flags 55 ieee_handler gt 55 ierrno 78 IMPLICIT 9 inclusive or 22 index 60 initialize I O ioinit 63 inmax 63 inode 92 integer conversion by long short 72 interrupts and errors longjmp 74 intrinsic math functions 12 ioinit 63 iq_finite x 19 iq_fp_class x 19 iq_isinf x 19 iq_isnan x 19 iq_isnormal x 19 iq_issubnormal x 19 iq_iszero x 19 iq_logb x 19 iq_signbit x 19 ir_finite x 14 ir_fp_class x 14 ir_irint x 14 ir_isinf x 14 ir_isnan x 14 ir_isnormal x 14 ir_issubnormal x 14 ir_iszero x 14 ir_logb x 14 ir_signbit x 14 118 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 irand 86 isatty 111 iset jmp 73 J jump longjmp isetjmp 74 K keywords 3 kill send signal 69 L left shift lshift 22 libm_double 15 lib
12. n topen tlu devnam islabeled n tstate tlu fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr WRITE 1 open fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr 1 FORMAT 1X Al10 212 1X 1L 1X 1L 1X 1L 1X I2 2 FORMAT 1X A10 1X A4 1X 212 1X 1L 1X 1L 1X 1L 1X 12 n trewin tlu n tstate tlu fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr WRITE 1 rewind fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr DO f 1 3 eoff false DO WHILE NOT eoff n tread tlu onerec n tstate tlup fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr IF NOT eoff WRITE 2 read onerec amp fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr END DO n tskipf tlu 1 0 n tstate tlu fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr WRITE 1 tskip fn rn errf eoff eotf tcsr END DO END The output is open 0 0 FF F 0 rewind 00 F F F 0 read eins 0 1 FFF 0 read zwei 0 2 FFF 0 tskip 10FFF 0 read ichillFFF 0 read ni_1l2FFF 0 tskip 2 0 F FF 0 read un__21FFF 0 read deux 2 2 F F F 0 tskip 3 O FFF 0 A summary of EOF and EOT follows m If you are at either EOF or EOT then 110 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 a Any tread just returns it does not read the tape a A successful tskipf tlu 1 0 resets the EOF status to false and returns it does not advance the tape pointer m A successful twrite resets the EOF and EOT status flags to false a A successful tclose resets all those flags to false m tclose truncates it
13. src inil nbits des ini2 write 503 src inil nbits des ini2 end demo 77 silent mvbl f demo a out Fa O02 3271 3 demo Note the following m Bits are numbered 0 to 31 from least significant to most significant a mvbits changes only bits ini2 through ini2 nbits 1 of the des location and no bits of the src location m The restrictions are a inil nbits gt 32 a ini2 nbits lt 32 perror gerror ierrno Get System Error Messages These routines perform the following functions perror Print a message to Fortran logical unit 0 stderr gerror Get a system error message of the last detected system error ierrno Get the error number of the last detected system error 78 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 perror Print Message to Logical Unit 0 stderr The subroutine is called by call perror string string character n Input The message It is written preceding the standard error message for the last detected system error Example 1 call perror file is for formatted I O gerror Get Message for Last Detected System Error The subroutine or function is called by call gerror string string character n Output Message for the last detected system error Example 2 gerror as a subroutine character string 30 call gerror string write string Example 3 gerror as a functi
14. instead demo a out Computing time differences using the 2 digit year from subroutine idate is not safe after year 2000 The date is 7 10 98 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 1eee_ flags ieee_handler sigfpe IEEE Arithmetic These subprograms provide modes and status required to fully exploit ANSI IEEE Standard 754 1985 arithmetic in a Fortran program They correspond closely to the functions ieee_flags 3M ieee_handler 3M and sigfpe 3 Here is a summary TABLE 1 5 IEEE Arithmetic Support Routines jeeer ieee_flags action mode in out i i _handler action exception hdl ieeer sigfpe code hdl action character Input code sigfpe_code_type Input mode character Input in character Input exception character Input hdl sigfpe_handler_typ Input out character Output Return value INTEGER 4 Output See the Sun Numerical Computation Guide for details on how these functions can be used strategically If you use sigfpe you must do your own setting of the corresponding trap enable mask bits in the floating point status register The details are in the SPARC architecture manual The 1ibm function ieee_handler sets these trap enable mask bits for you Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 55 56 The character keywords accepted for mode and exception depend on the value of action TABLE 1 6 ieee_flags action mode in out
15. r_acospi x 13 r_addran 14 r_addrans 14 r_asin x 13 r_asind x 13 r_asinh x 13 r_asinp x 13 r_asinpi x 13 r_atan x 13 r_atan2 x 13 r_atan2d x 13 r_atan2pi x 13 r_atand r_atanh r_atanp x 13 r_atanpi x 13 r_cbrt x 13 r_ceil x 13 r_erf x 13 r_erfc x 13 r_expml x 13 r_floor x 13 r_hypot x 13 r_infinity 13 r_j0 x 13 r_jl x 13 r_jn n x 13 r_lcran 14 r_lcrans 14 r_lgamma x 14 x 13 x 13 Index 119 r_logip x 14 r_log2 x 14 r_logb x 14 r_max_normal 14 r_max_subnormal 14 r_min_normal 14 r_min_subnormal 14 r_nextafter x y 14 r_quiet_nan n 14 r_remainder x y 14 r_rint x 14 r_scalbn x n 14 r_shufrans 14 r_signaling_nan n 14 r_significand x 14 r_sin x 14 r_sincos x s c 15 r_sincosd x s c 15 r_sincosp x s c 15 r_sincospi x s c 15 r_sind x 14 r_sinh x 14 r_sinp x 14 r_sinpi x 14 r_tan x 15 r_tand x 15 r_tanh x 15 r_tanp x 15 r_tanpi x 15 r_y0 x bessel 15 r_y1 x bessel 15 r_yn n x bessel 15 rand 86 random number 14 values rand 86 read character getc fgetc 43 remove a file unlink 112 reposition file by fseek ftell 37 reposition file by fseeko64 ftello64 40 reset EOF status for tapeio 107 right shift rshift 22 rindex 61 rshift 22 120 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 S secnds system time 88 send signal t
16. Function a a ebrt x DOUBLE PRECISION Function cube root d_ceil x DOUBLE PRECISION Function ceiling d_copysign x x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_cos x DOUBLE PRECISION Function cosine d_cosd x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_cosh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function hyperb cos d_cosp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_cospi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function gt d_erf x DOUBLE PRECISION Function error func d_erfc x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_expml x DOUBLE PRECISION Function e x 1 d_floor x DOUBLE PRECISION Function floor d_hypot x y DOUBLE PRECISION Function hypotenuse d_infinity DOUBLE PRECISION Function 5 da_jo x DOUBLE PRECISION Function Bessel d_jl x DOUBLE PRECISION Function gt d_jn x DOUBLE PRECISION Function Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE 1 3 Double Precision Math Functions Continued id_finite x INTEGER Function id_fp_class x INTEGER Function id_ilogb x I EGER Function id_irint x INTEGER Function id_isinf x INTEGER Function id_isnan x INTEGER Function id_isnormal x INTEGER Function id_issubnormal x INTEGER Function id_iszero x INTEGER Function id_signbi
17. MANPATH variable opt SUNWspro man For more information about the PATH variable see the csh 1 sh 1 and ksh 1 man pages For more information about the MANPATH variable see the man 1 man page For more information about setting your PATH and MANPATH variables to access this release see the Sun WorkShop 6 Installation Guide or your system administrator Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Typographic Conventions TABLE P 1 shows the typographic conventions that are used in Sun WorkShop documentation TABLE P 1 Typographic Conventions Typeface AaBbCc123 AaBbCc123 AaBbCc123 AaBbCc123 Meaning The names of commands files and directories on screen computer output What you type when contrasted with on screen computer output Book titles new words or terms words to be emphasized Command line placeholder text replace with a real name or value Examples Edit your login file Use 1s a to list all files o You have mail 2 S su Password Read Chapter 6 in the User s Guide These are called class options You must be superuser to do this To delete a file type rm filename m FORTRAN 77 examples appear in tab format while Fortran 95 examples appear in free format Examples common to both FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 95 use tab format except where indicated m Uppercase characters are generally used to show Fortran keywords and intrinsics PRINT and lowercase or mixed
18. Then it skips forward over nr physical records If the current file is at EOF this counts as one file to skip This function also resets the EOF status Example tskipf typical fragment skip four files and then skip one record INTEGER 4 nfiles 4 nrecords 1 tskipf tlu 1 n tskipf tlu nfiles nrecords IF n LT O STOP tskipf cannot skip Compare with tstate Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 107 tstate Get Logical State of Tape I O Channel The function is called by INTEGER 4 tstate n tstate tlu fileno recno errf eoff eotf tcsr tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 fileno INTEGER 4 Output Current file number recno INTEGER 4 Output Current record number errf LOGICAL Output True an error occurred eoff LOGICAL Output True the current file is at EOF eotf LOGICAL Output True tape has reached logical end of tape tesr INTEGER 4 Output True hardware errors on the device It contains the tape drive control status register If the error is software then tcsr is returned as zero The values returned in this status register vary grossly with the brand and size of tape drive For details see st 4s While eoff is true you cannot read from that tlu You can set this EOF status flag to false by using tskipf to skip one file and zero records n tski
19. called through long jmp Description The iset jmp and long jmp routines are used to deal with errors and interrupts encountered in a low level routine of a program They are 77 intrinsics These routines should be used only as a last resort They require discipline and are not portable Read the man page set jmp 3V for bugs and other details iset jmp saves the stack environment in env It also saves the register environment long jmp restores the environment saved by the last call to iset jmp and returns in such a way that execution continues as if the call to iset jmp had just returned the value ival The integer expression ival returned from iset jmp is zero if long jmp is not called and nonzero if long jmp is called 74 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example Code fragment using iset jmp and long jmp INTEGER 4 env 12 common jmpblk env j isetjmp env if j eq 0 then call sbrtnA else call error_processor end if end subroutine sbrtnA INTEGER 4 env 12 common jmpblk env call longjmp env ival return end Restrictions You must invoke iset jmp before calling Long jmp The env integer array argument to iset jmp and longjmp must be at least 12 elements long You must pass the env variable from the routine that calls iset jmp to the routine that calls Longjmp either by common or as an argument longjmp attempts to clean up the stack longjmp must be called from a l
20. case is used for variables Tbarx a The Sun FORTRAN compilers are referred to by their command names either 77 or 95 77 95 indicates information that is common to both the FORTRAN 77 and Fortran 95 compilers m References to online man pages appear with the topic name and section number For example a reference to GETENV will appear as getenv 3F implying that the man command to access this page would be man s 3F getenv a The FORTRAN 77 standard uses an older convention of spelling the name FORTRAN capitalized Sun documentation uses both FORTRAN and Fortran The current convention is to use lower case Fortran 95 Preface 3 Shell Prompts TABLE P 2 shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for the C shell Bourne shell and Korn shell TABLE P 2 Shell Prompts Shell Prompt C shell z Bourne shell and Korn shell S C shell Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser 4 Related Documentation You can access documentation related to the subject matter of this book in the following ways m Through the Internet at the docs sun com Web site You can search for a specific book title or you can browse by subject document collection or product at the following Web site http docs sun com Through the installed Sun WorkShop products on your local system or network Sun WorkShop 6 HTML documents manuals online help man pages component readme files and release no
21. data 1 k loc arg arg Any type Input Variable or array Return value INTEGER 4 Output Address of arg or INTEGER 8 environment with xarch v9 See Note below Returns an INTEGER 8 pointer when compiled to run in a 64 bit Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 71 72 Example loc INTEGER 4 k loc real arg 9 0 k loc arg write k end Note Programs compiled to run in a 64 bit environment should declare INTEGER 8 the variable receiving output from the loc function long short Integer Object Conversion long and short handle integer object conversions between INTEGER 4 and INTEGER 2 and is especially useful in subprogram call lists long Convert a Short Integer to a Long Integer The function is called by call ExpecLong long int2 int2 INTE Input Return value INTE Output short Convert a Long Integer to a Short Integer The function is INTEGER 2 short call ExpecShort short int4 int4 INTE Input Return value INTE Output Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example fragment long and short integer 4 int4 8 long integer 2 int2 8 short call ExpecLong long int2 call ExpecShort short int4 end Expec
22. identical to the former Sun Performance WorkShop Personal Edition except that the Fortran compilers in that product no longer support the creation of automatically parallelized or explicit directive based parallel code This capability is still supported in the Fortran compilers in Forte for High Performance Computing We appreciate your continued use of our development products and hope that we can continue to fulfill your needs into the future Contents Preface 1 Fortran Library Routines 9 Data Type Considerations 9 64 Bit Environments 10 Fortran Math Functions 11 abort Terminate and Write Core File 20 access Check File Permissions or Existence 20 alarm Call Subroutine After a Specified Time 21 bit Bit Functions and or bit setbit 22 chdir Change Default Directory 26 chmod Change the Mode of a File 27 date Get Current Date as a Character String 27 date_and_time Get Date and Time 28 dt ime etime Elapsed Execution Time 31 exit Terminate a Process and Set the Status 33 fdate Return Date and Time in an ASCII String 34 flush Flush Output to a Logical Unit 35 fork Create a Copy of the Current Process 36 free Deallocate Memory Allocated by Malloc 37 vi fseek ftell Determine Position and Reposition a File 37 fseeko64 ftello64 Determine Position and Reposition a Large File 40 getarg iargc Get Command Line Arguments 41 getc fgetc Get Next Character 43 get cwd Get Path of Current Worki
23. milliseconds zone CHARACTER 5 Output The time difference with respect to UTC expressed in hours and minutes in the form hhmm values INTEGER 4 VALUES 8 Output An integer array of 8 elements described below The eight values returned in the INT EGER 4 values array are VALUES 1 The year as a 4 digit integer For example 1998 VALUES 2 The month as an integer from 1 to 12 VALUES 3 The day of the month as an integer from 1 to 31 VALUES 4 The time difference in minutes with respect to UTC VALUES 5 The hour of the day as an integer from 1 to 23 VALUES 6 The minutes of the hour as an integer from 1 to 59 VALUES 7 The seconds of the minute as an integer from 0 to 60 VALUES 8 The milliseconds of the second in range 0 to 999 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 29 An example using date_and_time demo cat dtm f integer date_time 8 character 10 b 3 call date_and_time b 1 b 2 b 3 date_time print date_time array values print year date_time 1 print month_of_year date_time 2 print day_of_month date_time 3 print time difference in minutes date_time 4 print hour of day date_time 5 print minutes of hour date_time 6 print seconds of minute date_time 7 print milliseconds of second date_time 8 print DATE b 1 print TIME b
24. nm Gli devnam END The output is tclose ok 0 1 dev rst0 twrite Write Next Physical Record to Tape The function is called by INTEGER 4 twrite n twrite tlu buffer tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 buffer character Input Must be sized at a multiple of 512 n INTEGER 4 Return n gt 0 OK and n the number of bytes written value n 0 End of Tape n lt 0 Error The physical record length is the size of buffer Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 103 Example twrite write a 2 record file CHARACTER devnam 9 dev rst0O recl 512 abcd amp rec2 512 wxyz INTEGER 4 n 0 tlu 1 tclose topen twrite LOGICAL islabeled false n topen tlu devnam islabeled IF n LT O0 STOP topen cannot open n twrite tlu recl IF n LT O STOP twrite cannot write 1 n twrite tlu rec2 IF n LT O STOP twrite cannot write 2 WRITE twrite ok 214 1X Al10 n tlu devnam END The output is twrite ok 512 1 dev rst0 tread Read Next Physical Record from Tape The function is called by INTEGER 4 tread n tread tlu buffer tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 buffer character Input Must be sized at a multiple of 512 and must be large enou
25. not satisfied with a generic version of IOINIT so we provide the source code It is written in Fortran 77 The location is lt install gt SUNWspro lt release gt src ioinit f where lt install gt is usually opt for a standard installation of the Sun WorkShop software packages and lt release gt path changes with every release of the compilers Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Usage ioinit The ioinit subroutine is called by call ioinit cctl bzro apnd prefix vrbose cctl logical Input True Recognize carriage control all formatted output except unit 0 bzro logical Input True Treat trailing and imbedded blanks as zeroes apnd logical Input True Open files at EoF Append prefix character n Input Nonblank For unit NN seek and open file prefixNN urbose logical Input True Report ioinit activity as it happens See also getarg 3F and getenv 3F Restrictions Note the following restrictions m prefix can be no longer than 30 characters a A path name associated with an environment name can be no longer than 25 characters Description of Arguments These are the arguments for ioinit cctl Carriage Control By default carriage control is not recognized on any logical unit If cctl is TRUI 5 m Gey then carriage control is recognized on formatted output to all logical units except unit 0 the diagnostic channel Otherwise the default is restore
26. places an EOF marker immediately after the current location of the unit pointer and then closes the unit So if you use trewin to rewind a unit before you use tclose to close it its contents are discarded This behavior of tclose is inherited from the Berkeley code See also ioct1 2 mtio 4s perror 3F read 2 st 4s and write 2 ttynam isatty Get Name of a Terminal Port ttynam and isatty handle terminal port names ttynam Get Name of a Terminal Port The function ttynam returns a blank padded path name of the terminal device associated with logical unit lunit The function is called by CHARACTER ttynam 24 name ttynam lunit lunit INTEGER 4 Input Logical unit Return character n Output If nonblank returned name path name of value device on lunit Size n must be large enough for the longest path name If empty string all blanks returned lunit is not associated with a terminal device in the directory dev Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 111 isatty Is this Unit a Terminal The function terminal isatty lunit INTEGER 4 lunit Input Logical unit Return value LOGICAL 4 Output terminal true It is a terminal device terminal false It is not a terminal device is called by Example Determine if unit is a tty character 12 name ttynam INTEGER 4 lunit 5 logical 4 isatty ter
27. quality products you have come to expect from Sun the only thing that has changed is the name We believe that the Forte name blends the traditional quality and focus of Sun s core programming tools with the multi platform business application deployment focus of the Forte tools such as Forte Fusion and Forte for Java The new Forte organization delivers a complete array of tools for end to end application development and deployment For users of the Sun WorkShop tools the following is a simple mapping of the old product names in WorkShop 5 0 to the new names in Forte Developer 6 Old Product Name New Product Name Sun Visual WorkShop C Forte C Enterprise Edition 6 Sun Visual WorkShop C Personal Forte C Personal Edition 6 Edition Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Forte for High Performance Computing 6 Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran Forte Fortran Desktop Edition 6 Personal Edition Sun WorkShop Professional C Forte C 6 Sun WorkShop University Edition Forte Developer University Edition 6 In addition to the name changes there have been major changes to two of the products m Forte for High Performance Computing contains all the tools formerly found in Sun Performance WorkShop Fortran and now includes the C compiler so High Performance Computing users need to purchase only one product for all their development needs a Forte Fortran Desktop Edition is
28. the following algorithm SEED 6909 SEED 1 MOD 2 32 a SEED contains a 32 bit number and the high order 24 bits are converted to floating point and that value is returned Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 85 86 rand drand irand Return Random Values rand returns real values in the range 0 0 through 1 0 drand returns double precision values in the range 0 0 through 1 0 irand returns positive integers in the range 0 through 2147483647 These functions use random 3 to generate sequences of random numbers The three functions share the same 256 byte state array The only advantage of these functions is that they are widely available on UNIX systems For better random number generators compare lcrans addrans and shufrans See also random 3 and the Numerical Computation Guide i irand k r rand k d drand k k INTEGER 4 Input k 0 Get next random number in the sequence k 1 Restart sequence return first number k gt 0 Use as a seed for new sequence return first number rand REAL 4 Output drand REAL 8 Output irand INTEGER 4 Output Example irand integer 4 v 5 iflag 0 dg Sly S v i irand iflag end do write v end demo a out demo Fortran Library Reference May 2000 demo 77 silent trand f 2078917053 143302914 1027100827 1953210302 755253631
29. to this version of the Sun WorkShop C compiler Explains how to use the new features to write more efficient programs and covers templates exception handling runtime type identification cast operations performance and multithreaded programs Provides information on command line options and how to use the compiler Describes how the Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor solves the problems of memory management in C and C This manual is only available through your installed product see opt SUNWspro docs index html and not at the docs sun com Web site Forte for High Fortran Library Reference Performance Computing 6 Sun WorkShop 6 Compilers Fortran 77 95 Provides details about the library routines supplied with the Fortran compiler 6 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE P 3 Document Collection Document Title Related Sun WorkShop 6 Documentation by Document Collection Continued Description Fortran Programming Guide Fortran User s Guide FORTRAN 77 Language Reference Interval Arithmetic Programming Reference Discusses issues relating to input output libraries program analysis debugging and performance Provides information on command line options and how to use the compilers Provides a complete language reference Describes the intrinsic INTERVAL data type supported by the Fortran 95 compiler Forte TeamWare 6 Sun WorkShop TeamWare 6 Sun Wor
30. tread tstate Tape I O FORTRAN 77 Only These routines provide an alternative way to manipulate magnetic tape topen Associate a device name with a tape logical unit tclose Write EOF close tape device channel and remove association with tlu tread Read next physical record from tape into buffer twrite Write the next physical record from buffer to tape trewin Rewind the tape to the beginning of the first data file tskipf Skip forward over files and or records and reset EOF status tstate Determine the logical state of the tape I O channel On any one unit do not mix these functions with standard Fortran I O You must first use topen to open a tape logical unit tlu for the specified device Then you do all other operations on the specified tlu tlu has no relationship at all to any normal Fortran logical unit Before you use one of these functions its name must be in an INTEGER 4 type statement topen Associate a Device with a Tape Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER 4 topen n topen tlu devnam islabeled tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in the range 0 to 7 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 101 102 INTEGER 4 topen n topen tlu devnam islabeled devnam CHARACTER Input Device name for example dev rst0 islabeled LOGICAL Input True the tape is l
31. type size access time modify time status change time optimal blocksize blocks allocated Both stat and lstat query by file name stat queries by logical unit stat Get Status for File by File Name The function is called by INTEGER 4 stat ierr stat name statb name character n Input Name of the file statb INTEGER 4 Output Status structure for the file 13 element array Return value INTEGER 4 Output ierr 0 OK ierr gt 0 Error code 92 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example 1 stat INTEGER 4 ierr stat open unit lunit ierr stat name statb if ierr ne 0 stop write UID of owner end stat stath 5 4 y character name 18 MyFile Lunsst 1 file name statb 13 error blocks statb 13 fstat Get Status for File by Logical Unit The function INTEGER 4 fstat ierr fstat lunit statb lunit INTEGER 4 Input Logical unit number statb INTEGER 4 Output Status for the file 13 element array Return INTEGER 4 Output ierr 0 OK value ierr gt 0 Error code is called by Example 2 fstat character name 18 MyFile INTEGER 4 fstat lunit 1 statb 13 open unit lunit file name ierr fstat lunit statb if ierr ne 0 stop fstat error write
32. value other than 1 2 3 the results are unpredictable The function is called by e etime tarray tarray real 2 Output e 1 0 Error tarray values are undefined e 1 0 Single Processor User time in tarray 1 System time in tarray 2 Multiple Processor Wall clock time in tarray 1 0 0 in tarray 2 Return real Output e 1 0 Error value e 1 0 The sum of tarray 1 and tarray 2 32 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Take note that the initial call to etime will be inaccurate It merely enables the system clock Do not use the value returned by the initial call to etime Example et ime single processor real e etime t 2 e etime t Startup etime do not use result do i 1 10000 k k 1 end do e etime t print elapsed e user t 1 fF SNS e Tp C2 end demo 77 silent tetime f demo a out elapsed 0 190000 user 6 00000E 02 sys 0 130000 demo See also times 2 77 1 and the Fortran Programming Guide exit Terminate a Process and Set the Status The subroutine is called by call exit status status INTEGER 4 Input Example exit if dx 1t 0 call exit 0 end exit flushes and closes all the files in the process and notifies the parent process if it is executing a wait Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 33 The low order 8 bits of status are available to the p
33. x INTEGER Function ig_isinf x INTEGER Function ig_isnan x INTEGER Function igq_isnormal x INTEGER Function ig_issubnormal x I EGER Function iq_iszero x INTEGER Function ig_signbit x I EGER Function Function Function Function Function Function Function Function Function Function q_max_normal q_max_subnormal q_min_normal q_min_subnormal q_nextafter x y q_quiet_nan n q_remainder x y q_scalbn x n q_signaling_nan n Tj D 7 D DDD DDD AD g gt D i ia i i gt i i gt gt DDDADDDADAD a The variables c 1 p s u x and y are of type quadruple precision m Explicitly type these functions with a REAL 16 statement or with an appropriate IMPLICIT statement m sind x asind x take degrees rather than radians If you need to use any other quadruple precision 1ibm function you can call it using SPRAGMA C fcn before the call For details see the chapter on the C Fortran interface in the Fortran Programming Guide Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 19 abort Terminate and Write Core File The subroutine is called by call abort abort flushes the I O buffers and then aborts the process possibly producing a core file memory dump in the current directory See 1imit 1 about limiting or suppressing core dumps 20 access Check File Permissions or Existence The function is ca
34. 0 chmod Change the Mode of a File The function is called by INTEGER 4 chmod n chmod name mode name character Input Path name mode character Input Anything recognized by chmod 1 such as o w 444 etc Return value INTEGER 4 Output n 0 OK n gt 0 System error number Example chmod add write permissions to MyFile character 18 name mode INTEGER 4 chmod n name MyFile mode w n chmod name mode if n ne 0 stop chmod error end See also chmod 1 and gerror 3F to interpret error codes Path names cannot be longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt They can be relative or absolute paths date Get Current Date as a Character String Note This routine is not Year 2000 Safe because it returns only a two digit value for the year Programs that compute differences between dates using the output of this routine may not work properly after 31 December 1999 Programs using this date routine will see a runtime warning message the first time the routine is called to alert the user See date_and_time as a possible alternate routine Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 27 The subroutine is called by call date c c CHARACTER 9 Output Variable array array element or character substring The form of the returned string c is dd mmm yy whe
35. 00 See also stat 2 access 3F perror 3F and time 3F Note the path names can be no longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt stat64 lstat64 fstat64 Get File Status 64 bit long file versions of stat lstat fstat These routines are identical to the non 64 bit routines except that the 13 element array statb must be declared INTEGER 8 system Execute a System Command The function is called by INTEGER 4 system status system string string character n Input String containing command to do Return value INTEGER 4 Output Exit status of the shell executed See wait 2 for an explanation of this value Example system character 8 string Is s INTEGER 4 status system status system string if status ne 0 stop system error end The function system passes string to your shell as input as if the string had been typed as a command Note string cannot be longer than 1024 characters If system can find the environment variable SHELL then system uses the value of SHELL as the command interpreter shell otherwise it uses sh 1 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 95 The current process waits until the command terminates Historically cc and 77 developed with different assumptions a If cc calls system the shell is always the Bourne shell a If 77 calls syst
36. 141 142 012 say BI 172 012 1 012 demo O O O G fo demo cat tfgetc data a read b read linefeed read y read z read linefeed read CONTROL D read For any logical unit do not mix normal Fortran input with fgetc See also get c 3S intro 2 and perror 3F get cwd Get Path of Current Working Directory The function is called by INTEGER 4 getcwd status getcwd dirname dirname character n Output Path name of the current The path of the current working directory n directory is returned must be large enough for longest path name Return INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK value status gt 0 Error code Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 45 Example get cwd end INTEGER 4 getcwd status character 64 dirname status getcwd dirname if status ne 0 stop getcwd error write dirname See also chdir 3F perror 3F and getwd 3 Note the path names cannot be longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt getenv Get Value of Environment Variables The subroutine is called by call getenv ename evalue ename character n Input Name of the environment variable sought evalue character n Output Value of the environment variable found blanks if not successful The size of ename and evalue must be large enough to hold thei
37. 2 print ZONE b 3 end When run on a computer in California USA on February 16 2000 it generated the following output date_time array values year 2000 month_of_year 2 day_of_month 16 time difference in minutes 420 hour of day 11 minutes of hour 49 seconds of minute 29 milliseconds of second 236 DATE 20000216 TIME 114929 236 ZONE 0700 30 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 dt ime et ime Elapsed Execution Time Both functions have return values of elapsed time or 1 0 as error indicator The time returned is in seconds The versions of dt ime and et ime used by Fortran 77 return times produced by the runtime system s high resolution clock The actual resolution depends on the system platform The resolutions of the clocks on current platforms range between one nanosecond and one microsecond Versions of dt ime and et ime used by Fortran 95 use the system s low resolution clock by default The resolution is one hundreth of a second However if the program is run under the Sun OS operating system utility pt ime 1 usr proc bin ptime the high resolution clock is used dtime Elapsed Time Since the Last dt ime Call For dtime the elapsed time is m First call elapsed time since start of execution a Subsequent calls elapsed time since the last call to dtime m Single processor time used by the CPU a Multiple Processor the sum of times for all the CPUs whic
38. 4 Output System time as character string Declare value ctime and string as character 24 The format of the ct ime returned value is shown in the following example It is described in the man page ctime 3C Example ct ime character 24 ctime INTEGER 4 n time time string ctime n write ctime end demo demo a out ctime Wed Dec demo n string string 77 silent tctime f 9 13 50 05 1998 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 ltime Split System Time to Month Day Local This routine dissects a system time into month day and so forth for the local time zone The subroutine is called by call ltime stime tarray stime INTEGER 4 Input System time from time standard version tarray INTEGER 4 9 Output System time local as day month year For the meaning of the elements in tarray see the next section Example lt ime integer 4 stime tarray 9 time stime time call ltime stime tarray write ltime tarray end demo 77 silent tltime f demo a out ltime 25 49 10 12 7 91 1 223 1 demo gmt ime Split System Time to Month Day GMT This routine dissects a system time into month day and so on for GMT The subroutine is call gmtime stime tarray stime INTEGER 4 Input System time from time stand
39. ANPATH environment variables to enable access to Sun WorkShop compilers and tools To determine if you need to set your PATH environment variable 2 1 Display the current value of the PATH variable by typing echo SPATH 2 Review the output for a string of paths containing opt SUNWspro bin If you find the paths your PATH variable is already set to access Sun WorkShop development tools If you do not find the paths set your PATH environment variable by following the instructions in this section To determine if you need to set your MANPATH environment variable 1 Request the workshop man page by typing man workshop 2 Review the output if any If the workshop 1 man page cannot be found or if the man page displayed is not for the current version of the software installed follow the instructions in this section for setting your MANPATH environment variable Note The information in this section assumes that your Sun WorkShop 6 products were installed in the opt directory Contact your system administrator if your Sun WorkShop software is not installed in opt The PATH and MANPATH variables should be set in your home cshrc file if you are using the C shell or in your home profile file if you are using the Bourne or Korn shells m To use Sun WorkShop commands add the following to your PATH variable opt SUNWspro bin m To access Sun WorkShop man pages with the man command add the following to your
40. E GER 4 getuid getgid gid uid uid gid wri end getuid getgid te uid gid See also getuid 2 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 51 hostnm Get Name of Current Host The function is called by INTEGER 4 hostnm status hostnm name name character n Output Name of current host system n must be large enough to hold the host name Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 Error Example hostnm INTEGER 4 hostnm status character 8 name status hostnm name write host name end See also gethostname 2 52 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 idate Return Current Date idate has two versions m Standard Put the current system date into an integer array day month and year a VMS Put the current system date into three integer variables month day and year This version is not Year 2000 Safe The 1V77 compiler option request the VMS library and links the VMS versions of both time and idate otherwise the linker accesses the standard versions VMS versions of library routines are only available with 77 through the 1V77 library option and not with 95 The standard version puts the current system date into one integer array day month and year The subroutine is called by call idate iarray Standard Version iarray INTEGER 4 O
41. Long is some subroutine called by the user program that expects a long INTEGER 4 integer argument Similarly ExpecShort expects a short INTEGER 2 integer argument long is useful if constants are used in calls to library routines and the code is compiled with the i2 option short is useful in similar context when an otherwise long object must be passed as a short integer Passing an integer to short that is too large in magnitude does not cause an error but will result in unexpected behavior longjmp iset jmp Return to Location Set by iset jmp iset jmp sets a location for longjmp long jmp returns to that location iset jmp Set the Location for longjmp This intrinsic function is called by ival isetjmp env env INTEGER 4 Output env is a 12 element integer array In 64 bit environments it must be declared INTEGER 8 Return value INTEGER 4 Output ival 0 if iset jmp is called explicitly ival 0 if iset jmp is called through long jmp Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 73 longjmp Return to the Location Set by iset jmp The subroutine is called by call longjmp env ival env INTEGER 4 Input env is the 12 word integer array initialized by iset jmp In 64 bit environments it must be declared INTEGER 8 ival INTEGER 4 Output ival 0 if iset jmp is called explicitly ival 0 if iset jmp is
42. NTEGER 8 Output In 64 bit environments time returns an INTEGER 8 value The function t ime returns an integer with the time since 00 00 00 GMT January 1 1970 measured in seconds This is the value of the operating system clock Example time version standard with the operating system INTEGER 4 n time n time write Seconds since 0 1 1 70 GMT n end demo 77 silent ttime f demo a out Seconds since 0 1 1 70 GMT 913240205 demo The VMS version of time is a subroutine that gets the current system time as a character string The VMS subroutine is called by call time t VMS Version t character 8 Output Time in the form hh mmiss hh mm and ss are each two digits hh is the hour mm is the minute ss is the second Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 97 98 Example time t VMS version ct ime convert the system time to ASCII current tim demo a out The current tim demo is 08 character t 8 call time t write Th end demo 77 silent ttimeV f 1V77 14 13 ctime Convert System Time to Character The function ctime converts a system time stime and returns it as a 24 character ASCII string The function is called by CHARACTER ctime 24 string ctime stime stime INTEGER 4 Input System time from time standard version Return character 2
43. Parameters and Actions action clearall mode in out unused returns 0 action clear mode direction clear mode in 3 3 pe 3 I I out is unused returns 0 mode precision on x86 platforms only mode in inexact or exception division or underflow or overflow or invalid or all or common action set mode in nearest or set floating point mode in direction tozero or out is unused returns 0 positive or negative mode in extended or precision double or on x86 only single mode in inexact or exception division or underflow or overflow or invalid or all or common Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE 1 6 ieee_flags action mode in out Parameters and Actions Continued action get mode out nearest or test mode settings direction tozero or in out may be blank or positive or one of the settings to test negative returns the current setting depending on mode out extended or mode or not precision double or available on x86 only single The function returns 0 or the current exception mode out inexact or flags if mode nen Falli exception division or exception underflow or overflow or invalid or all or common TABLE 1 7 ieee_handler action in out Parameters action clear in inexact or clear user exception hand
44. Single Precision Functions These subprograms are single precision math functions and subroutines In general the functions below provide access to single precision math functions that do not correspond to standard Fortran generic intrinsic functions data types are determined by the usual data typing rules These functions need not be explicitly typed with a REAL statement as long as default typing holds Variables beginning with r are REAL with i are INTEGER Fortran Library Reference May 2000 For details on these routines see the C math library man pages 3M For example for r_acos x see the acos 3M man page TABLE 1 2 Single Precision Math Functions r_acos x REAL Function arc cosine r_acosd x REAL Function 5S r_acosh x REAL Function arc cosh r_acosp x REAL Function r_acospi x REAL Function TE r_atan x REAL Function arc tangent r_atand x REAL Function lt r_atanh x REAL Function arc tanh r_atanp x REAL Function r_atanpi x REAL Function r_asin x REAL Function arc sine r_asind x REAL Function r_asinh x REAL Function arc sinh r_asinp x REAL Function A r_asinpi x REAL Function s5 r_atan2 y x REAL Function arc tangent r_atan2d y x REAL Function s2 r_atan2pi y x REAL Function tr Cort x REAL Function cube root r_ceil x REAL Function ceiling r_copysign x y REAL Fun
45. abeled A label is the first file on the tape Return INTEGER 4 Output n 0 OK value n lt 0 Error This function does not move the tape See perror 3F for details Example topen open a 1 4 inch tape file CHA RACTI INTE G The output is topen ok 0 1 dev rst0 tclose Write EOF Close Tape Channel Disconnect tlu ER devnam 9 ER 4 n 0 LOGICAL islabeled n topen tlu devnam islabeled IF n LT 0 STOP topen WRITE topen ok 213 END The function is called by dev rst0 tlu 1 topen false cannot open 1X Al10O n tlu devnam INTEGER 4 tclose n tclose tlu tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 n INTEGER 4 Return value n 0 OK n lt 0 Error Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Caution tclose places an EOF marker immediately after the current location of the unit pointer and then closes the unit So if you trewin a unit before you tclose it its contents are discarded Example tclose close an opened 1 4 inch tape file CHARACTI INTEG ER devnam 9 ER 4 n 0 dev rst0 tiu 1 tclose topen LOGICAL islabeled false n topen tlu devnam islabeled n tclose tlu IF n LT O STOP tclose cannot close WRITE telose ok 213 1X Al0
46. ard version tarray INTEGER 4 9 Output System time GMT as day month year Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 99 100 Example gmt ime integer 4 stime tarray 9 stime time call gmtime stime tarray write gmtime tarray end demos 77 silent tgmtime f demo a out gmtime 12 44 19 18 5 94 demo time 6 168 0 Here are the tarray values for 1t ime and gmt ime index units and range Seconds 0 61 Minutes 0 59 Hours 0 23 Day of month 1 31 Months since January 0 11 Jg AUNA Oo OND Year 1900 Day of week Sunday 0 Day of year 0 365 Daylight Saving Time 1 if DST in effect These values are defined by the C library routine ct ime 3C which explains why the system may return a count of seconds greater than 59 See also idat e 3F and fdate 3F ctime64 gmtime64 ltime64 System Time Routines for 64 bit Environments These are versions of the corresponding routines ctime gmt ime and ltime to provide portability on 64 bit environments They are identical to these routines except that the input variable stime must be INTEGER 8 When used in a 32 bit environment with an INTEGER 8 stime if the value of stime is beyond the INTEGER 4 range ctime64 returns all asterisks while gmt ime and ltime fill the tarray array with 1 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 topen tclose
47. arent process These 8 bits are shifted left 8 bits and all other bits are zero Therefore status should be in the range of 256 65280 This call will never return The C function exit can cause cleanup actions before the final system exit Calling exit without an argument causes a compile time warning message and a zero will be automatically provided as an argument See also exit 2 fork 2 fork 3F wait 2 wait 3F fdate Return Date and Time in an ASCII String The subroutine or function is called by call fdate string string character 24 Output or CHARACTER fdate 24 If used as a function the calling string fdate routine must define the type and size of fdate Return value character 24 Output Example 1 fdate as a subroutine character 24 string call fdate string write string end Output Wed Aug 3 15 30 23 1994 34 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example 2 fdate as a function same output character 24 fdate write fdate end See also ct ime 3 time 3F and idate 3F flush Flush Output to a Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER 4 flush n flush lunit lunit INTEGER 4 Input Logical unit Q ER 4 Output n 0 _no error n gt 0 error number Q Return value INTE The flush function flushes the contents of the bu
48. be listed in name an external statement Return value INTEGER 4 Output Time remaining on the last alarm Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 21 Example alarm wait 9 seconds then call sbrtn integer 4 alarm time 1 common alarmcom i external sbrtn i 9 write i nseconds alarm time sbrtn do n 1 100000 Wait until alarm activates sbrtn r n any calculations that take enough time x sqrt r end do write i end subroutine sbrtn common alarmcom i i 3 Do no I O in this routine return end See also alarm 3C sleep 3F and signal 3F Note the following restrictions a A subroutine cannot pass its own name to alarm m The alarm routine generates signals that could interfere with any I O The called subroutine sbrtn must not do any I O itself a Calling alarm from a parallelized or multi threaded Fortran program may have unpredictable results bit Bit Functions and or bit SEECP per The definitions are and word1 word2 Computes bitwise and of its arguments or wordl word2 Computes bitwise inclusive or of its arguments xor wordl word2 Computes bitwise exclusive or of its arguments not word Returns bitwise complement of its argument lshift word nbits Logical left shift with no end around carry rshift word nbits Arithmetic right shift with sign extension 22 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 cal
49. ction ae rt cos x REAL Function cosine r_cosd x REAL Function r_cosh x REAL Function hyperb cos r_cosp x REAL Function z r_cospi x REAL Function z r_erf x REAL Function err function r_erfc x REAL Function lt r_expml x REAL Function e x 1 r_floor x REAL Function floor r_hypot x y REAL Function hypotenuse Yoinfinity REAL Function r_j0 x REAL Function Bessel ey xi REAL Function TX REAL Function Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 13 TABLE 1 2 Single Precision Math Functions Continued ir_finite x INTEGER Function a ir_fp_class x INTEGER Function ir_ilogb x INTEGER Function ZS ir irinte 7x gt INTEGER Function TE ir_isinf x INTEGER Function aS ir_isnan x INTEGER Function ws ir_isnormal x INTEGER Function ate ir_issubnormal x INTEGER Function ir_iszero x INTEGER Function ir_signbit x INTEGER Function 3S r_addran REAL Function random r_addrans x p l u n a Subroutine number r_lcran REAL Function generators t leran si x Pr Ly Wd n a Subroutine r_shufrans x p l u n a Subroutine r_lgamma x REAL Function log gamma r_logb x REAL Function r_loglip x REAL Function me ro Llog2Zi x REAL Function ania r_max_normal REAL Function r_max_subnormal REAL Function r_min_normal REAL Function r_min_subno
50. cument Title Solaris Software Developer Linker and Libraries Guide Programming Utilities Guide Description Describes the operations of the Solaris link editor and runtime linker and the objects on which they operate Provides information for developers about the special built in programming tools that are available in the Solaris operating environment Fortran Library Reference May 2000 CHAPTER 1 Fortran Library Routines This chapter describes the Fortran library routines alphabetically See the FORTRAN 77 Language Reference for details on Fortran 77 and VMS intrinsic functions All the routines described in this chapter have corresponding man pages in section 3F of the man library For example man s 3F access will display the man page entry for the library routine access See also the Numerical Computation Guide for additional math routines that are callable from Fortran and C These include the standard math library routines in libm and libsunmath see Int ro 3M optimized versions of these libraries the SPARC vector math library 1ibmvec and others Data Type Considerations Unless otherwise indicated the function routines listed here are not intrinsics That means that the type of data a function returns may conflict with the implicit typing of the function name and require explicit type declaration by the user For example getpid returns INTEGER 4 and would require an INTEGER 4 getpid declara
51. d Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 65 66 bzro Blanks By default trailing and embedded blanks in input data fields are ignored If bzro is TRUE then such blanks are treated as zeros Otherwise the default is restored apnd Append By default all files opened for sequential access are positioned at their beginning It is sometimes necessary or convenient to open at the end of file so that a write will append to the existing data If apnd is TRUE then files opened subsequently on any logical unit are positioned at their end upon opening A value of FALSE restores the default behavior prefix Automatic File Connection If the argument prefix is a nonblank string then names of the form prefixNN are sought in the program environment The value associated with each such name found is used to open the logical unit NN for formatted sequential access This search and connection is provided only for NN between 0 and 19 inclusive For NN gt 19 nothing is done see Source Code on page 64 vrbose IOINIT Activity If the argument vrbose is TRUE then IOINIT reports on its own activity Example The program myprogram has the following ioinit call call ioinit true false false FORT false You can assign file name in at least two ways In sh demo FORTO1 mydata demo FORT12 myresults demo export FORTO1 FORT12 demo myprogram Fortran Library Re
52. des licences qui en restreignent l utilisation la copie la distribution et la d compilation Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peut tre reproduite sous aucune forme par quelque moyen que ce soit sans l autorisation pr alable et crite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence s il y en a Le logiciel d tenu par des tiers et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caract res est prot g par un copyright et licenci par des fournisseurs de Sun Des parties de ce produit pourront tre d riv es des syst mes Berkeley BSD licenci s par l Universit de Californie UNIX est une marque d pos e aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays et licenci e exclusivement par X Open Company Ltd La notice suivante est applicable a Netscape Netscape Navigator et the Netscape Communications Corporation logo Copyright 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation Tous droits r serv s Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo docs sun com AnswerBookz2 Solaris SunOS JavaScript SunExpress Sun WorkShop Sun WorkShop Professional Sun Performance Library Sun Performance WorkShop Sun Visual WorkShop et Forte sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es ou marques de service de Sun Microsystems Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilis es sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les
53. e 95 page 96 page 83 The following functions and subroutines are part of the Fortran math libraries They are available to all programs compiled with 77 and 95 Some routines are intrinsics and return the same data type single precision double precision or quad precision as their argument The rest are non intrinsics that take a specific data type as an argument and return the same These non intrinsics do have to be declared in the routine referencing them Many of these routines are wrappers Fortran interfaces to routines in the C language library and as such are non standard Fortran They include IEEE recommended support functions and specialized random number generators See the Numerical Computation Guide and the man pages 1ibm_single 3F libm_doub1le 3F libm_quadrup1e 3F for more information about these libraries Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 11 12 Intrinsic Math Functions Here is a list of intrinsic math functions You need not put them in a type statement These functions take single double or quad precision data as arguments and return the same sqrt x asin x cosd x log x acos x asind x 1log10 x atan x acosd x exp x atan2 x y atand x SER sinh x atan2d x y sin x cosh x aint x cos x tanh x anint x tan x sind x nint x The functions sind x cosd x asind x acosd x atand x atan2d x y are not part of the Fortran standard
54. e Control D D character char INTEGER 4 getc status status 0 do while status eq 0 status getc char write 13 0o4 3 status char end do end After compiling a sample run of the above source is demos a out ab Program reads letters typed in D terminated by a CONTROL D O 141 Program outputs status and octal value of the characters entered 0 142 141 represents a 142 is b 0 012 012 represents the RETURN key 2120 12 Next attempt to read returns CONTROL D demo Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines For any logical unit do not mix normal Fortran input with getc fgetc Get Next Character from Specified Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER 4 fgetc status fgetc lunit char lunit INTEGER 4 Input Logical unit char character Output Next character Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 1 End of File status gt 0 System error code or 77 I O error code Example fgetc gets each character from t fgetc data note the linefeeds Octal 012 character char INTEGER 4 fgetc status open unit 1 file tfgetc data status 0 do while status eq 0 status fgetc 1 char write 13 04 3 status char end do end 44 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 After compiling a sample run of the above source is ab yz demo a out 0
55. em then which shell is called depends on the environment variable SHELL The system function flushes all open files For output files the buffer is flushed to the actual file For input files the position of the pointer is unpredictable See also execve 2 wait 2 and system 3 The system function is not MT safe Do not call it from multithreaded or parallelized programs 96 time ctime ltime gmt ime Get System Time These routines have the following functions time Standard version Get system time as integer seconds since 0 GMT 1 1 70 VMS Version Get the system time as character hh mm ss ctime Convert a system time to an ASCII string ltime Dissect a system time into month day and so forth local time gmt ime Dissect a system time into month day and so forth GMT time Get System Time For time there are two versions a standard version and a VMS version If you use the 77 command line option 1V77 then you get the VMS version for time and for idate otherwise you get the standard versions The VMS versions of certain library routines is only available with 77 through the 1V77 library option and not with 95 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 The standard function is called by INTEGER 4 time or INTEGER 8 n time Standard Version Return value INTEGER 4 Output Time in seconds since 0 0 0 GMT 1 1 70 I
56. ference May 2000 In csh setenv FORTO1 mydata setenv FORT12 myresults myprogram With either shell the ioinit call in the above example gives these results a Open logical unit 1 to the file mydata a Open logical unit 12 to the file myresults Both files are positioned at their beginning a Any formatted output has column 1 removed and interpreted as carriage control a Embedded and trailing blanks are to be ignored on input Example ioinit list and compile demo cat tioinit f character 3 s call ioinit true false false FORT false do i 1 2 read 1 a3 i4 s n wrote 12 20 4s 7 end do 10 format a3 14 end demo cat tioinit data abc 123 PDQ 789 demo 77 silent tioinit f demo You can set environment variables as follows using either sh or csh ioinit sh demo FORTO1 tioinit data demo FORT12 tioinit au demo export FORTO1 FORT12 demo Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 67 ioinit csh setenv FORTO1 tioinit data setenv FORT12 tioinit au ioinit Run and test demo a out demo cat tioinit au abc 123 PDQ 789 itime Current Time itime puts the current system time into an integer array hour minute and second The subroutine is called by call itime iarray iarray INTEGER 4 Output 3 element array iarray 1 hour iarray 2 minute iarray 3 second Example it ime
57. ffer for the logical unit lunit to the associated file This is most useful for logical units 0 and 6 when they are both associated with the console terminal The function returns a positive error number if an error was encountered zero otherwise See also fclose 3S Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 35 36 fork Create a Copy of the Current Process The function is called by INTEGER 4 fork n fork Return value INTEGER 4 Output n gt 0 n Process ID of copy n lt 0 n System error code The fork function creates a copy of the calling process The only distinction between the two processes is that the value returned to one of them referred to as the parent process will be the process ID of the copy The copy is usually referred to as the child process The value returned to the child process will be zero All logical units open for writing are flushed before the fork to avoid duplication of the contents of I O buffers in the external files Example fork INTEGER 4 fork pid pid fork if pid 1t 0 stop fork error if pid gt 0 then print I am the parent else print I am the child endif A corresponding exec routine has not been provided because there is no satisfactory way to retain open logical units across the exec routine However the usual function of fork exec can be performed using system 3F See also fork 2 wait 3F
58. get a negative return value even though there is no error In fact if you pass a valid signal number to signal and you get a return value less than 1 then it is OK 77 arranges to trap certain signals when a process is started The only way to restore the default 77 action is to save the returned value from the first call to signal 90 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 GI x 77_floatingpoint h defines proc values SIGFPE_DEFAULT SIGFPE_IGNOR and SIGFPE_ABORT See page 59 Use floatingpoint h with 95 In 64 bit environments signal must be declared INTEGER 8 along with the variables receiving its output to avoid truncation of the address that may be returned See also kil1 1 signal 3 and kil1 3F and Numerical Computation Guide sleep Suspend Execution for an Interval The subroutine is called by call sleep itime itime INTEGER 4 Input Number of seconds to sleep The actual time can be up to 1 second less than itime due to granularity in system timekeeping Example sleep INTEGER 4 time 5 write Start call sleep time End write end See also sleep 3 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 91 stat lstat fstat Get File Status These functions return the following information device inode number protection number of hard links user ID group ID device
59. gh to hold the largest physical record to be read n INTEGER 4 Return value n gt 0 OK and n is the number of bytes read n lt 0 Error n 0 EOF If the tape is at EOF or EOT then tread does a return it does not read tapes 104 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example tread read the first record of the file written above CHARACTER devnam 9 dev rst0 onerec 512 INTEGER 4 n 0 tlu 1 topen tread LOGICAL islabeled false n topen tlu devnam islabeled IF n LT 0 STOP topen cannot open n tread tlu onerec IF n LT O STOP tread cannot read 1 WRITE tread ok 214 1X A10 ny thu devnam WRITE A4 onerec END The output is tread ok 512 1 dev rst0 abcd trewin Rewind Tape to Beginning of First Data File The function is called by INTEGER 4 trewin n trewin tlu tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 n INTEGER 4 Return n 0 OK value n lt 0 Error If the tape is labeled then the label is skipped over after rewinding Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 105 Example 1 t rewin typical fragment CHARACTER devnam 9 dev rst0 INTEGER 4 n 0 tlu 1 tclose topen tread trewin n trewin tlu IF n LT O STOP trew
60. h is not useful data use et ime instead Note Calling dt ime from within a parallelized loop gives non deterministic results since the elapsed time counter is global to all threads participating in the loop The function is called by e dtime tarray tarray real 2 Output e 1 0 Error tarray values are undefined e 1 0 User time in tarray 1 if no error System time in tarray 2 if no error Return real Output e 1 0 Error value e 1 0 The sum of tarray 1 and tarray 2 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 31 Example dt ime single processor real e dtime t 2 print elapsed e user t 1 sys t 2 do i 1 10000 k k 1 end do e dtime t print elapsed e user t 1 sys t 2 end demo 77 silent tdtime f demo a out elapsed Osy user O sys on elapsed 0 180000 user 6 00000E 02 sys 0 120000 demo etime Elapsed Time Since Start of Execution For et ime the elapsed time is m Single Processor CPU time for the calling process a Multiple Processors wallclock time while processing your program Here is how Fortran decides single processor or multiple processor For a parallelized Fortran program linked with 1ibF77_mt if the environment variable PARALLEL is m Undefined the current run is single processor a Defined and in the range 1 2 3 the current run is multiple processor a Defined but some
61. ical range the receiving variables must be declared INTEGER 8 to avoid truncation of the memory address The region of memory is not initialized in any way and it should not be assumed to be preset to anything especially zero Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example Code fragment using malloc parameter NX 1000 pointer pl X real 4 X NX pl malloc Nx 4 if pl eq 0 stop malloc cannot allocate do 11 i 1 NX al X i 0 end In the above example we acquire 4 000 bytes of memory pointed to by p1 and initialize it to zero See also free Deallocate Memory Allocated by Malloc on page 37 mvbits Move a Bit Field The subroutine is called by call mvbits src inil nbits des ini2 src INTEGER 4 Input Source inil INTEGER 4 Input Initial bit position in the source nbits INTEGER 4 Input Number of bits to move des INTEGER 4 Output Destination ini2 INTEGER 4 Input Initial bit position in the destination Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines Example mvbits demo cat mvb1 f mvbl f From src initial bit 0 move 3 bits to des initial Bit 3 X src des 543210 543210 lt Bit numbers 000111 000001 lt Values before move 000111 111001 lt Values after move INTEGER 4 src inil nbits des ini2 data src inil nbits des ini2 amp Jo hy 0 3 Ly 3 call mvbits
62. ild processes terminates If any child has terminated since the last wait return is immediate If there are no children return is immediate with an error code Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 113 114 Example Code fragment using wait INTEGER 4 n status wait n wait status if o Gona etts Q stop wait end See also wait 2 signal 3F kil1 3F and perror 3F Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Index SYMBOLS e x 1 13 16 A abort 20 access time 92 access 20 action for signal change signal 90 address loc 71 alarm 21 and 22 append on open ioinit 63 arc cosh 13 16 cosine 13 sine 13 sinh 13 tangent 13 tanh 16 arc tangent 13 arguments command line getarg 41 B bessel 15 16 bic 23 bis 23 bit functions 23 move bits mvbits 77 bit 23 bitwise and 22 complement 22 exclusive or 22 inclusive or 22 blocks allocated 92 blocksize 92 C carriage control initialize ioinit 63 ceiling 13 change action for signal signal 90 default directory chdir 26 mode of a file chmod 27 character get a character getc fgetc 43 put a character putc fputc 80 chdir 26 chmod 27 clear bit 23 command line argument getarg 42 complement 22 conversion by long short 72 copy process via fork 36 Index 115 core file 20 ct ime convert system time to character 96 98 ctime64 100 cube root 13 current wor
63. in cannot rewind WRITE trewin ok 214 1X A10 n tlu devnam END Example 2 trewin in a two record file try to read three records rewind read one record CHARACTER devnam 9 dev rst0O onerec 512 INTEGER 4 n 0 r tlu 1 topen tread trewin LOGICAL islabeled false n topen tlu devnam islabeled IF n LT 0 STOP topen cannot open DO r 1 3 n tread tlu onerec WRITE 1X I2 1X A4 r onerec END DO n trewin tlu IF n LT O STOP trewin cannot rewind WRITE trewin ok 214 1X A10 n tlu devnam n tread tlu onerec IF n LT O STOP tread cannot read after rewind WRITE A4 onerec END The output is 1 abcd 2 Wxyz 3 wxyZ trewin ok 0 1 dev rst0 abcd 106 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 tskipf Skip Files and Records Reset EoF Status The function is called by INTEGER 4 tskipf n tskipf tlu nf nr tlu INTEGER 4 Input Tape logical unit in range 0 to 7 nf INTEGER 4 Input Number of end of file marks to skip over first nr INTEGER 4 Input Number of physical records to skip over after skipping files n INTEGER 4 Return value n 0 OK n lt 0 Error This function does not skip backward First the function skips forward over nf end of file marks
64. ing of in out is unused division or underflow or overflow or invalid or all or common action set in inexact or set user exception handing of in out is address division or of handler routine or SIGFPE_DEFAULT or underflow or SIGFPE_ABORT or SIGFPE_IGNORE defined in overflow or 77 77_floating point h invalid or all or common Example 1 Set rounding direction to round toward zero unless the hardware does not support directed rounding modes INTEGER 4 ieeer character 1 mode out in ieeer ieee_flags set direction tozero out Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 57 Example 2 Clear rounding direction to default round toward nearest character 1 out in ieeer ieee_flags clear direction in out Example 3 Clear all accrued exception occurred bits character 18 out ieeer ieee _flags clear exception all out Example 4 Detect overflow exception as follows character 18 out ieeer ieee_flags get exception overflow out if out eq overflow stop overflow The above code sets out to overflow and ieeer to 25 this value is platform dependent Similar coding detects exceptions such as invalid or inexact Example 5 hand1 f write and use a signal handler 77 external hand real r 14 2 s 0 0 i i _handler set division hand t r s end INTEGER 4 function ha
65. its x lshift word nbits word word1 word2 nbits are integer input arguments These are intrinsic functions expanded inline by the compiler The data type returned is that of the first argument No test is made for a reasonable value of nbits Example and or xor not demo cat tandornot f print 1 and 7 4 or 7 4 xor 7 4 not 4 1 format 4x and 7 4 5x or 7 4 4x xor 7 4 amp 6x not 4 4012 11 end demo 77 silent tandornot f demo a out and 7 4 or 7 4 xor 7 4 not 4 00000000004 00000000007 00000000003 37777777773 demo Example lshift rshift integer 4 lshift rshift print 1 lshift 7 1 rshift 4 1 1 format 1x lshift 7 1 1x rshift 4 1 2012 11 end demo 77 silent tlrshift f demo a out lshift 7 1 rshift 4 1 00000000016 00000000002 demo 24 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Usage bic bis bit setbit call bic bitnum word call bis bitnum word call setbit bitnum word state LOGICAL bit x bit bitnum word bitnum state and word are INTEGER 4 input arguments Function bit returns a logical value Bits are numbered so that bit 0 is the least significant bit and bit 31 is the most significant bic bis and setbit are external subroutines bit is an external function Example 3 bic bis setbit bit integer 4 bitnum 2 state 0 word 7 logical bit print 1 word 1 forma
66. kShop TeamWare 6 User s Guide Describes how to use the Sun WorkShop TeamWare code management tools Forte Developer 6 Sun WorkShop Visual 6 Sun WorkShop Visual User s Guide Describes how to use Visual to create C and Java graphical user interfaces Forte Sun Performance Library 6 Sun Performance Library Reference Sun Performance Library User s Guide Discusses the optimized library of subroutines and functions used to perform computational linear algebra and fast Fourier transforms Describes how to use the Sun specific features of the Sun Performance Library which is a collection of subroutines and functions used to solve linear algebra problems Numerical Computation Guide Numerical Computation Guide Describes issues regarding the numerical accuracy of floating point computations Standard Library 2 Standard C Class Library Reference Standard C Library User s Guide Provides details on the Standard C Library Describes how to use the Standard C Library Tools h 7 Tools h Class Library Reference Tools h User s Guide Provides details on the Tools h class library Discusses use of the C classes for enhancing the efficiency of your programs Preface 7 8 TABLE P 4 describes related Solaris documentation available through the docs sun com Web site TABLE P 4 Related Solaris Documentation Document Collection Do
67. kil1 3F system 3F and perror 3F Fortran Library Reference May 2000 free Deallocate Memory Allocated by Malloc The subroutine is called by call free ptr ptr pointer Input free deallocates a region of memory previously allocated by malloc The region of memory is returned to the memory manager it is no longer available to the user s program Example free real x pointer ptr x ptr malloc 10000 call free ptr end See malloc malloc 4 Allocate Memory and Get Address on page 76 for details fseek ftell Determine Position and Reposition a File fseek and ftell are routines that permit repositioning of a file fte11 returns a file s current position as an offset of so many bytes from the beginning of the file At some later point in the program fseek can use this saved offset value to reposition the file to that same place for reading Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 37 38 fseek Reposition a File on a Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER 4 fseek n fseek lunit offset from lunit INTEGER 4 Input Open logical unit offset INTEGER 4 Input Offset in bytes relative to position or specified by from INTEGER 8 An INTEGER 8 offset value is required when compiled for a 64 bit environment such as Solaris 7 with xarch v9 If a literal constant is supplied it mu
68. king directory getcwd 45 D o Q ome o Q o 9 99 E o 116 d_acos x 16 d_acosd x 16 d_acosh x d_acosp x 16 d_acospi x 16 d_addran 17 d_addrans 17 d_asin x 16 d_asind x 16 d_asinh x 16 d_asinp x 16 d_asinpi x 16 16 tan x 16 tan2 x 16 _atan2d x 16 tan2pi x 16 tand x 16 tanh x 16 tanp x 16 tanpi x 16 d_cbrt x 16 d_ceil x 16 d_erf x 16 d_erfc x 16 d_expml x 16 d_floor x 16 d_hypot x 16 d_infinity 16 d_j0 x 16 d_j1 x 16 d_jn n x 16 d_lcran 17 d_lcrans d_lgamma x d_log1ip x d_log2 x d_logb x 17 d_max_normal 17 d_max_subnormal 17 d_min_normal 17 17 17 17 17 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 d_min_subnormal 17 d_nextafter x y 17 d_quiet_nan n 17 d_remainder x y 17 d_rint x 17 d_scalbn x n 17 d_shufrans 17 d_signaling_nan n 17 d_significand x 17 d_sin x 17 d_sincos x s c 18 d_sincosd x s c 18 d_sincosp x s c 18 d_sincospi x s c 18 d_sind x 17 d_sinh x 17 d_sinp x 17 d_sinpi x 17 d_tan x 18 d_tand x 18 d_tanh x 18 d_tanp x 18 d_tanpi x 18 d_y0 x bessel 18 d_y1 x bessel 18 d_yn n x 18 data types 9 date and time as characters fdate 34 as integer idate 53 current date date 27 date_and_time 28 date_and_time 28 deallocate memory by free 37 default direct
69. l bis bitnum word Sets bit bitnum in word to 1 call bic bitnum word Clears bit bitnum in word to 0 bit bitnum word Tests bit bitnum in word and returns t rue if the bit is 1 false if itis 0 call setbit bitnum word state Sets bit bitnum in word to 1 if state is nonzero and clears it otherwise The alternate external versions for MIL STD 1753 are iand m n Computes the bitwise and of its arguments ior m n Computes the bitwise inclusive or of its arguments ieor m n Computes the bitwise exclusive or of its arguments ishft m k Is a logical shift with no end around carry left if k gt 0 right if k lt 0 ishftc m k ic Circular shift right most ic bits of m are left shifted circularly k places ibits m i len Extracts bits from m starting at bit i extracts len bits ibset m i Sets bit return value is equal to word m with bit number i set to 1 ibclr m i Clears bit return value is equal to word m with bit number i set to 0 btest m i Tests bit iin m returns t rue if the bit is 1 and false if it is 0 See also mvbits Move a Bit Field on page 77 and the chapter on Intrinsic Functions in the FORTRAN 77 Reference Manual Usage and or xor not rshitt LSnite For the intrinsic functions and wordi word2 R ll x or wordl word2 x xor wordl word2 Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 23 x not word x rshift word nb
70. lled by INTEGER 4 access status access name mode name character Input File name mode character Input Permissions Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 Error code access determines if you can access the file name with the permissions specified by mode access returns zero if the access specified by mode would be successful See also gerror 3F to interpret error codes Set mode to one or more of r w x in any order or combination or blank where r w x have the following meanings a Test for read permission w Test for write permission x Test for execute permission hN Test for existence of the file Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example 1 Test for read write permission INTEGER 4 access status status access taccess data rw if status eq 0 write ok if status ne 0 write cannot read write status Example 2 Test for existence INTEGER 4 access status status access taccess data blank mode if status eq 0 write file exists if status ne 0 write no such file status alarm Call Subroutine After a Specified Time The function is called by INTEGER 4 alarm n alarm time sbrtn time INTEGER 4 Input Number of seconds to wait 0 do not call sbrin Routine Input Subprogram to execute must
71. lnk Index or Length of Substring These functions search through a character string index a1 a2 Index of first occurrence of string a2 in string a1 rindex a1 a2 Index of last occurrence of string a2 in string a1 Inb1nk a1 Index of last nonblank in string a1 index has the following forms 60 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 index First Occurrence of a Substring in a String The index is an intrinsic function called by n index al a2 al character Input Main string a2 character Input Substring Return INTEGER Output n gt 0 Index of first occurrence of a2 in a1 value n 0 a2 does not occur in a1 If declared INTEGER 8 index will return an INT for a 64 bit environment and character variable a1 is a very large character string greater than 2 Gigabytes EG rindex Last Occurrence of a Substring in a String The function is called by ER 8 value when compiled INTEGER 4 rindex n rindex al a2 al character Input Main string a2 character Input Substring Return INTEGER 4 Output n gt 0 Index of last occurrence of a2 in a1 value or n 0 a2 does not occur in a1 INTEGER 8 INTEGER 8 returned in 64 bit environments Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 61 62 lnblnk Last Nonblank in a String The function is called by
72. lyzing Program Performance With Sun WorkShop 6 Debugging a Program With dbx Introduction to Sun WorkShop Explains how to use the new Sampling Collector and Sampling Analyzer with examples and a discussion of advanced profiling topics and includes information about the command line analysis tool er_print the LoopTool and LoopReport utilities and UNIX profiling tools prof gprof and tcov Provides information on using dbx commands to debug a program with references to how the same debugging operations can be performed using the Sun WorkShop Debugging window Acquaints you with the basic program development features of the Sun WorkShop integrated programming environment Preface 5 TABLE P 3 Related Sun WorkShop 6 Documentation by Document Collection Continued Document Collection Document Title Description Forte C 6 C User s Guide Describes the C compiler Sun WorkShop 6 Compilers options Sun specific C capabilities such as pragmas the lint tool parallelization migration to a 64 bit operating system and ANSI ISO compliant C Forte C 6 C Library Reference Describes the C libraries Sun WorkShop 6 Compilers including C Standard C Library Tools h class library C Migration Guide C Programming Guide C User s Guide Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor User s Manual Sun WorkShop Memory Monitor Iostream and Complex Provides guidance on migrating code
73. m_quadruple 18 libm_single 12 link 69 link to an existing file link 69 lnblnk 62 local time zone lmt ime 99 location of a variable loc 71 log gamma 14 login name get getlog 49 long 72 long jmp 73 lshift 22 lstat 92 lstat64 95 ltime 96 ltime local time zone 99 ltime64 100 M malloc 76 malloc 6 4 76 math functions intrinsics 12 maximum positive integer inmax 63 memory deallocate by free 37 mode TEEE 55 of file access 20 modifying time 92 mvbits move bits 78 N name login get getlog 49 terminal port ttynam 111 not 22 O or 22 OS command execute system 89 95 P permissions access function 20 perror 78 pid process id getpid 50 pointer get file pointer get filep 48 position file by fseek ftell1 37 position file by fseeko64 ftello64 40 process create copy with fork function 36 id get getpid 50 send signal to kill 69 wait for termination wait 113 protection 92 put a character putc fputc 80 putc 80 Q q_copysign x 19 q_fabs x 19 q_fmod x 19 q_infinity 19 q_max_normal 19 q_max_subnormal 19 q_min_normal 19 q_min_subnormal 19 q_nextafter x y 19 q_quiet_nan n 19 q_remainder x y 19 q_scalbn x n 19 q_signaling_nan n 19 qsort qsort64 83 quadruple precision functions libm_quadruple 18 quick sort gsort 83 R r_acos x 13 r_acosd x 13 r_acosh x 13 r_acosp x 13
74. minal terminal isatty lunit ttynam lunit terminal terminal name write end The output is name name terminal T name dev ttypl unlink Remove a File The function is called by INTEGER 4 unlink n unlink patnam patnam character n Input File name INTEGER 4 Return value Output n 0 OK n gt 0 Error 112 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 The function unlink removes the file specified by path name patnam If this is the last link to the file the contents of the file are lost Example unlink Remove the tunlink data file end demo ls tunl demo a out demo ls tunl tunlink f demo See also unlink 2 1i longer than MAXPATHLI call unlink demo 77 silent tunlink f tunlink f tunlink data tunlink data ink F and perror 3F Note the path names cannot be EN as defined in lt sys param h gt wait Wait for a Process to Terminate The function is INTEGER 4 wait n wait status status INTE Q ER 4 Output Termination status of the child process Return value INTE Q ER 4 Output n gt 0 Process ID of the child process n lt 0 n System error code see wait 2 wait suspends the caller until a signal is received or one of its ch
75. nd sig sip uap INTEGER 4 sig address structure fault INTEGER 4 address end structure struc ure siginfo INTEGER 4 si_signo INTEGER 4 si_code INTEGER 4 si_errno record fault fault end structure record siginfo sip address sip fault address write 10 address 10 format Exception at hex address 28 end 58 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Change the declarations for address and function hand to INTEGER 8 to enable Example 5 in a 64 bit SPARC V9 environment xarch v9 See the Numerical Computation Guide See also float ingpoint 3 signal 3 sigfpe 3 77_floatingpoint 3F ieee_flags 3M and ieee_handler 3M 77_floatingpoint h Fortran IEEE Definitions The header file 77_floatingpoint h defines constants and types used to implement standard floating point according to ANSI TEEE Std 754 1985 Include the file in a FORTRAN 77 source program as follows include f77_floatingpoint h Use of this include file requires preprocessing prior to Fortran compilation The source file referencing this include file will automatically be preprocessed if the name has a F F90 or F95 extension Fortran 95 programs should include the file float ingpoint h instead IEEE Rounding Mode fp_direction_type The type of the IEEE rounding direction mode The order of enumeration varies according to hardware
76. ng Directory 45 getenv Get Value of Environment Variables 46 get fd Get File Descriptor for External Unit Number 47 getlog Get User s Login Name 49 getpid Get Process ID 50 getuid getgid Get User or Group ID of Process 50 hostnm Get Name of Current Host 52 index rindex lnblnk Index or Length of Substring 60 inmax Return Maximum Positive Integer 63 ioinit Initialize I O Properties 63 itime Current Time 68 kill Send a Signal to a Process 69 link symlnk Make a Link to an Existing File 69 loc Return the Address of an Object 71 long short Integer Object Conversion 72 longjmp iset jmp Return to Location Set by iset jmp 73 malloc malloc 4 Allocate Memory and Get Address 76 mvbits Movea Bit Field 77 perror gerror ierrno Get System Error Messages 78 putc fputc Write a Character to a Logical Unit 80 qsort qsort 64 Sort the Elements of a One Dimensional Array 83 ran Generate a Random Number Between 0 and 1 84 rand drand irand Return Random Values 86 rename Rename a File 87 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 SEC nds Get System Time in Seconds Minus Argument 88 sh Fast Execution of an sh Command 89 sig nal Change the Action fora Signal 90 sleep Suspend Execution for an Interval 91 sta t64 lstat64 fstat64 Get File Status 95 sys tim tem Execute a System Command 95 ctime ltime gmtime Get System Time 96 topen tclose tread tstate TapeI O 101
77. o elapsed secnds t1 write 1 elapsed 1 format 10000 arcsines 12 6 sec end demos 77 silent secl f demo a out 10000 arcsines 0 009064 sec demo Note that m The returned value from SECNDS is accurate to 0 01 second m The value is the system time as the number of seconds from midnight and it correctly spans midnight m Some precision may be lost for small time intervals near the end of the day Fortran Library Reference May 2000 sh Fast Execution of an sh Command The function is called by INTEGER 4 sh status sh string string character n Input String containing command to do Return value INTEGER 4 Output Exit status of the shell executed See wait 2 for an explanation of this value Example sh character 18 string ls gt MyOwnFile names INTEGER 4 status sh status sh string if status ne 0 stop sh error end The function sh passes string to the sh shell as input as if the string had been typed as a command The current process waits until the command terminates The forked process flushes all open files a For output files the buffer is flushed to the actual file For input files the position of the pointer is unpredictable The sh function is not MT safe Do not call it from multithreaded or parallelized programs See also execve 2 wait 2 and sys
78. o process kill 69 setbit 23 setjmp See iset jmp short 72 signal 90 signal a process kill 69 signals IEEE 55 sine 14 single precision functions libm_single 13 64 bit environments 10 skip tape I O files and records 107 sleep 91 Solaris versions supported 1 sort quick gsort 83 stat 92 stat64 95 status file stat 92 file stat64 95 IEEE 55 termination exit 33 substring find index 61 suspend execution for an interval sleep 91 symbolic link to an existing file symlink 69 symlnk 69 system 89 95 system time secnds 88 time 96 T tab format 3 tangent 15 tape I O 101 close files 102 open files 101 read from files 104 reset EOF status 107 rewind files 105 skip files and records 107 write to files 103 tarray values for various time routines 100 tclose 101 terminal port name ttynam 111 terminate wait for process to terminate wait 113 with status exit 33 write memory to core file 20 time 31 in numerical form 53 secnds 88 time t standard version 97 VMS version 98 time get system time 96 topen 101 trailing blanks initialize ioinit 63 tread 101 trewin 101 tskipf 101 tstate 101 ttynam 111 twrite 101 U unlink 112 uppercase characters 3 user 92 user ID get getuid 51 Ww wait 113 write a character putc fputc 80 xor 22 yO x yl x y n bessel 15 yO x yl x yn x bessel 18 Index 121 122 Fortran Library Refe
79. on string not used character gerror 30 z 30 Z gerror write Z Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 79 ierrno Get Number for Last Detected System Error The function is called by n ierrno Return value INTEGER 4 Output Number of last detected system error This number is updated only when an error actually occurs Most routines and I O statements that might generate such errors return an error code after the call that value is a more reliable indicator of what caused the error condition Example 4 ierrno EGER 4 ierrno n ierrno bEe n See also int ro 2 and perror 3 Note a string in the call to perror cannot be longer than 127 characters m The length of the string returned by gerror is determined by the calling program m Runtime I O error codes for 77 and 95 are listed in the Fortran User s Guide 80 putc fputc Write a Character to a Logical Unit putc writes to logical unit 6 normally the control terminal output fputc writes to a logical unit These functions write a character to the file associated with a Fortran logical unit bypassing normal Fortran I O Do not mix normal Fortran output with output by these functions on the same unit Fortran Library Reference May 2000 putc Write to Logical Unit 6 The function is called by INTEGER 4 putc status putc char
80. ory change chdir 26 delay execution alarm 21 descriptor get file get fd 47 device name type size 92 directory default change chdir 26 get current working directory getcwd 45 double precision functions 15 drand 86 dtime 31 E elapsed time 31 embedded blanks initialize ioinit 63 environment variables getenv 46 EOF reset status for tapeio 107 error function 13 messages perror gerror ierrno 78 errors and interrupts longjmp 74 etime 31 exclusive or 22 execute an OS command system 89 95 execution time 31 existence of file access 20 exit 33 F 77_floatingpoint IEEE definitions 59 77_ieee_environment 55 fdate 34 fgetc 44 file connection automatic icinit 64 descriptor get get fd 47 get file pointer get filep 48 mode access 20 permissions access 20 remove unlink 112 rename 87 status stat 92 status stat 64 95 find substring index 61 floating point IEEE definitions 59 floor 13 flush 35 fork 36 fputc 80 free 37 free format 3 fseek 37 fseeko64 40 fstat 92 fstat64 95 ftell 37 ftello6 4 40 functions quadruple precision libm_quadruple 18 single precision libm_single 13 G gerror 78 get character getc fgetc 43 current working directory get cwd 45 environment variables getenv 46 file descriptor get fd 47 file pointer get filep 48 group id getgid 51 login name get log 50 process id getpid 50 user id getuid 51
81. outine s d_sincosp x S C n a Subroutine d_sincospi x S C n a Subroutine d_tan x DOUBLE PRECISION Function tangent d_tand x DOUBLE PRECISION Function gt d_tanh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function hyperb tan d_tanp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function Sa d_tanpi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function am d_yO x DOUBLE PRECISION Function bessel d_yl x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_yn n x DOUBLE PRECISION Function m Variables c 1 p s u x and y are of type DOUBLE PRECISION m Explicitly type these functions on a DOUBLE PRECISION statement or with an appropriate IMPLICIT statement m sind x asind x take degrees rather than radians See also int ro 3M and the Numerical Computation Guide Quad Precision Functions These subprograms are quadruple precision RI subroutines SPARC only EAL 16 math functions and In general these do not correspond to standard generic intrinsic functions data types are determined by the usual data typing rules Fortran Library Reference May 2000 The quadruple precision functions must appear in a REAL 16 statement TABLE 1 4 Quadruple Precision 1 ibm Functions q_copysign x y REAL 16 Function q_fabs x REAL 16 Function q_fmod x REAL 16 Function q_infinity REAL 16 Function ig_finite x INTEGER Function ig_fp_class x INTEGER Function iq_ilogb
82. ower call level than iset jmp Passing iset jmp as an argument that is a procedure name does not work See set jmp 3V Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 75 76 malloc malloc 4 Allocate Memory and Get Address The malloc function is called by k malloc n n INTEGER 4 Input Number of bytes of memory Return value INTEGER 4 Output k gt 0 k address of the start of the or block of memory allocated INTEGER 8 k 0 Error An INTEGER 8 pointer value is returned when compiled for a 64 bit environment with xarch v9 See Note below Note Programs compiled to run on 64 bit environments such as Solaris 7 must declare the malloc function and the variables receiving its output as INTEGER 8 Portability issues can be solved by using malloc64 instead of malloc in programs that must run in both 32 bit or 64 bit environments The function malloc64 3F is provided to make programs portable between 32 bit and 64 bit environments k malloc64 n Q n INTEGER 8 Input Number of bytes of memory Q Return value INTE ER 8 Output k gt 0 k address of the start of the block of memory allocated k 0 Error These functions allocate an area of memory and return the address of the start of that area In a 64 bit environment this returned byte address may be outside the INTEGER 4 numer
83. pi selw bye Oa Then you can read any valid record that follows End of tape EOT is indicated by an empty file often referred to as a double EOF mark You cannot read past EOT but you can write past it 108 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Example Write three files of two records each INTEGER 4 n LOGICAL isl topen trewin twrite twrite tclose topen twrite twrite tclose topen twrite twrite tclose ike e ae aie ae e e e e aN a T aS BS Z iw CHARACTER devnam 10 fOrec1 512 flrecl 512 f2rec1 512 YY false hae Orne ee abeled tlu devnam tlu tlu tlu tlu tlu devnam tlu flrecl tlu flrec2 tlu tlu devnam tlu f2recl tlu f2rec2 tlu fOrecl fOrec2 dev nrst0 eins Ie ichi Jy un ey tclose islabeled islabeled islabeled fOrec2 512 flrec2 512 f2rec2 512 topen trewin The next example uses tstate to trap EOF and get at all files Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines Zwei Hi Ww Jr deux twrite 109 Example Use tstate ina loop that reads all records of the 3 files written in the previous example CHARACTER devnam 10 dev nrst0O onerec 512 INTEGER 4 f n 0 tlu 1 tcesr topen tread amp trewin tskipf tstate LOGICAL errf eoff eotf islabeled false
84. position 2 End of file Return value INTEGER 4 Output n 0 OK n gt 0 System error code Note On sequential files following a call to fseeko64 by an output operation for example WRITE causes all data records following the fseek position to be deleted and replaced by the new data record and an end of file mark Rewriting a record in place can only be done with direct access files Example fseeko64 Reposition MyFile to two bytes from the beginning INTEGER fseeko64 lunit 1 from 0 n INTEGER 8 offset 200 open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n fseeko64 lunit offset from if n gt 0 stop fseek error end 40 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 ftello6 4 Return Current Position of File The function is called by INTEGER 8 ftello64 E n ftello64 lunit lunit INTEGER 4 Input Open logical unit Return value INTEGER 8 Output n20 n Offset in bytes from start of file n lt 0 n System error code Example fte11064 Hh tello64 lunit INTEGER 8 ftello64 lunit 1 open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n if n lt 0 stop ftell error getarg iargc Get Command Line Arguments getarg and iarge access arguments on the command line after expansion by the command line preprocessor Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines
85. produits portant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc L interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun a t d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc pour ses utilisateurs et licenci s Sun reconna t les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le d veloppement du concept des interfaces d utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l industrie de l informatique Sun d tient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l interface d utilisation graphique Xerox cette licence couvrant galement les licenci s de Sun qui mettent en place l interface d utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et quien outre se conforment aux licences crites de Sun Sun f90 f95 est deriv de CRAY CF90 un produit de Silicon Graphics Inc CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE EN L ETAT ET AUCUNE GARANTIE EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE N EST ACCORDEE Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE L APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU LE FAIT QU ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS CE DENI DE GARANTIE NE S APPLIQUERAIT PAS DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU Gd tem Ca Adobe PostScript Important Note on New Product Names As part of Sun s new developer product strategy we have changed the names of our development tools from Sun WorkShop to Forte Developer products The products as you can see are the same high
86. r respective character strings The getenv subroutine searches the environment list for a string of the form ename evalue and returns the value in evalue if such a string is present otherwise it fills evalue with blanks Example Use getenv to print the value of SHELL character 18 call getenv evalue SHELL evalue write evalue end 46 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 See also execve 2 and environ 5 get fd Get File Descriptor for External Unit Number The function is called by INTEGER 4 getfd fildes getfd unitn open unitn fildes getfd unitn if fildes eq 1 write file descriptor end See also open 2 file tgetfd data stop getfd unitn INTEGER 4 Input External unit number Return value INTEGER 4 Output File descriptor if file is connected or 1 if file is not connected INTEGER 8 An INTEGER 8 result is returned when compiling for 64 bit environments Example get fd INTEGER 4 fildes getfd unitn 1 file not connected fildes Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 47 48 get filep Get File Pointer for External Unit Number The function is irtn c_read getfilep unitn inbyte 1 c_read C function Input User s own C function See example unitn INTEGER 4 Input External unit number getfilep INTEGER 4 Ret
87. ramming Guide See also open 2 getlog Get User s Login Name The subroutine is called by call getlog name name character n Output User s login name or all blanks if the process is running detached from a terminal n should be large enough to hold the longest name Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 49 Example get log character 18 name call getlog name write rat name wee end See also get login 3 getpid Get Process ID The function is called by INTEGER 4 getpid pid getpid Return value INTEGER 4 Output Process ID of the current process Example getpid INTEGER 4 getpid pid pid getpid write process id pid end See also getpid 2 getuid getgid Get User or Group ID of Process getuid and getgid get the user or group ID of the process respectively 50 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 getul d Get User ID of the Process The function is called by INTEGER 4 getuid uid getuid Return value INTEGER 4 Output User ID of the process getgi d Get Group ID of the Process The function is called by INTEGER 4 getgid gid getgid Return value INTEGER 4 Output Group ID of the process Example getuid and getpid INT
88. re dd is the day of the month as a 2 digit number mmm is the month as a 3 letter abbreviation and yy is the year as a 2 digit number and is not year 2000 safe Example date demo cat dat1 f dat ct Get the date as a character string character c 9 call date c write The date today is A9 c end demos 77 silent dat1 f dat f line 2 Warning Subroutine date is not safe after year 2000 use date_and_time instead demo a out Computing time differences using the 2 digit year from subroutine date is not safe after year 2000 The date today is 9 Jul 98 demo See also idate and date_and_time date_and_time Get Date and Time This is a FORTRAN 77 version of the Fortran 95 intrinsic routine and is Year 2000 safe The date_and_time subroutine returns data from the real time clock and the date Local time is returned as well as the difference between local time and Universal Coordinated Time UTC also known as Greenwich Mean Time GMT 28 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 The date_and_time subroutine is called by call date_and_time date time zone values date CHARACTER 8 Output Date in form CCYYMMDD where CCYY is the four digit year MM the two digit month and DD the two digit day of the month For example 19980709 time CHARACTER 10 Output The current time in the form hhmmss sss where hh is the hour mm minutes and ss sss seconds and
89. rence May 2000
90. rmal REAL Function r_nextafter x y REAL Function r_quiet_nan n REAL Function r_remainder x y REAL Function BP INe X REAL Function r_scalb x y REAL Function r_scalbn x n REAL Function r_sSignaling_nan n REAL Function r_sSsignificand x REAL Function r_sin x REAL Function sine r_sind x REAL Function S r_sinh x REAL Function hyperb sin r_sinp x REAL Function F r_sinpi x REAL Function 14 Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE 1 2 Single Precision Math Functions Continued rsincos t x 6 n a Subroutine sine amp cosine r_sincosd x s c n a Subroutine r_sincosp x Sy c n a Subroutine r_sincospi x S C n a Subroutine r_tan x REAL Function tangent r_tand x REAL Function r tanh x REAL Function hyperb tan r_tanp x REAL Function E r_tanpi x REAL Function r_yO x REAL Function bessel r_yl x REAL Function gt r_yn n x REAL Function z4 m Variables c 1 p s u x and y are of type REAL m Type these functions as explicitly RI types names starting with u n EAL if an IMPLICIT statement is in effect that to some other date type m sind x asind x take degrees rather than radians See also int ro 3M and the Numerical Computation Guide Double Precision Functions The following subprograms are double precision math functions and subroutines In general these func
91. s of Sun Microsystems Inc in the U S and other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the U S and other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc The OPEN LOOK and Sun Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems Inc for its users and licensees Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry Sun holds a non exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface which license also covers Sun s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun s written license agreements Sun 90 95 is derived from Cray CF90 a product of Silicon Graphics Inc Federal Acquisitions Commercial Software Government Users Subject to Standard License Terms and Conditions DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems Inc 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto CA 94303 4900 Etats Unis Tous droits r serv s Ce produit ou document est distribu avec
92. sS amp Sun microsystems Fortran Library Reference Sun WorkShop 6 Fortran 95 Fortran 77 Sun Microsystems Inc 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto CA 94303 U S A 650 960 1300 Part No 806 3590 10 May 2000 Revision A Send comments about this document to docfeedback sun com Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems Inc 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto CA 94303 4900 USA All rights reserved This product or document is distributed under licenses restricting its use copying distribution and decompilation No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors if any Third party software including font technology is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems licensed from the University of California UNIX is a registered trademark in the U S and other countries exclusively licensed through X Open Company Ltd For Netscape Netscape Navigator and the Netscape Communications Corporation logo the following notice applies Copyright 1995 Netscape Communications Corporation All rights reserved Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo docs sun com AnswerBookz2 Solaris SunOS JavaScript SunExpress Sun WorkShop Sun WorkShop Professional Sun Performance Library Sun Performance WorkShop Sun Visual WorkShop and Forte are trademarks registered trademarks or service mark
93. sing the Fortran compilers global program checking option Xlist Global program checking by the 77 and 95 compilers is described in the Fortran User s Guide the Fortran Programming Guide and the 77 1 and 95 1 man pages 10 64 Bit Environments Compiling a program to run in a 64 bit operating environment that is compiling with xarch v9 or v9a and running the executable on a SPARC platform running the 64 bit enabled Solaris operating environment changes the return values of certain functions These are usually functions that interface standard system level routines such as malloc 3F see page 76 and may take or return 32 bit or 64 bit values depending on the environment To provide portability of code between 32 bit Fortran Library Reference May 2000 and 64 bit environments 64 bit versions of these routines have been provided that always take and or return 64 bit values The following table identifies library routine provided for use in 64 bit environments TABLE 1 1 Library Routines for 64 bit Environments Library Routines malloc64 fseeko64 ftello64 stat64 fstato4 lstat64 time 4 ctime 4 gmtime6 4 ltime64 qsort64 Allocate memory and return a pointer Reposition a large file Determine position of a large file Determine status of a file Get system time convert to character or dissected Sort the elements of an array Fortran Math Functions page 76 page 40 page 40 pag
94. st be a 64 bit constant for example 100_8 from INTEGER 4 Input 0 Beginning of file 1 Current position 2 End of file Return value INTEGER 4 Output n 0 OK n gt 0 System error code Note On sequential files following a call to fseek by an output operation for example WRITE causes all data records following the fseek position to be deleted and replaced by the new data record and an end of file mark Rewriting a record in place can only be done with direct access files Example fseek Reposition MyF ile to two bytes from the beginning INTEGER 4 fseek lunit 1 offset 2 from 0 n open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n fseek lunit offset from if n gt 0 stop fseek error end Example Same example in a 64 bit environment and compiled with xarch v9 INTEGER 4 fseek lunit 1 from 0 n INTEGER 8 offset 2 open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n fseek lunit offset from if n gt 0 stop fseek error end Fortran Library Reference May 2000 ftell Return Current Position of File The function is called by INTEGER 4 ftell E n ftell lunit lunit INTEGER 4 Input Open logical unit Return value INTEGER 4 Output n gt 0 n Offset in bytes from start of file or n lt 0 n System error code INTEGER 8 An INTEGER 8 offset value is re
95. t 13x word 012 11 call bic bitnum word print 2 word 2 format after bic 2 word 012 11 call bis bitnum word print 3 word 3 format after bis 2 word 012 11 call setbit bitnum word state print 4 word 4 format after setbit 2 word 0 012 11 print 5 bit bitnum word 5 format bit 2 word L end lt output gt word 00000000007 after bic 2 word 00000000003 after bis 2 word 00000000007 after setbit 2 word 0 00000000003 bit 2 word F Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 25 26 chdir Change Default Directory The function is called by INTEGER 4 chdir al n chdir dirname dirname character Input Directory name Return value INTEGER 4 Output n 0 OK n gt 0 Error code Example chdir change cwd to MyDir EGER 4 chdir n chdir MyDir ne 0 stop chdir error See also chdir 2 ca 1 and gerror 3F to interpret error codes Path names can be no longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt They can be relative or absolute paths Use of this function can cause inquire by unit to fail Certain Fortran file operations reopen files by name Using chdir while doing I O can cause the runtime system to lose track of files created with relative path names including the files that are created by open statements without file names Fortran Library Reference May 200
96. t x INTEGER Function d_addran DOUBLE PRECISION Function random d_addrans x p l u n a Subroutine number d_lcran DOUBLE PRECISION Function generators d_lcrans x p Lp u n a Subroutine d_shufrans x p 1 u n a Subroutine d_lgamma x DOUBLE PRECISION Function log gamma d_logb x DOUBLE PRECISION Function Fes d_loglp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function z5 d_log2 x DOUBLE PRECISION Function a d_max_normal DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_max_subnormal DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_min_normal DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_min_subnormal DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_nextafter x y DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_quiet_nan n DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_remainder x y DOUBLE PRECISION Function drine x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_scalb x y DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_scalbn x n DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_signaling_nan n DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_significand x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_sin x DOUBLE PRECISION Function sine d_sind x DOUBLE PRECISION Function SS d_sinh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function hyper sine d_sinp xX DOUBLE PRECISIO Function FS d_sinpi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function RT Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 17 18 TABLE 1 3 Double Precision Math Functions Continued adu sincos amp Sye n a Subroutine sine amp cosine GC Sincosdy xp Sp e1 n a Subr
97. tem 3 Note string cannot be longer than 1 024 characters Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 89 signal Change the Action for a Signal The function is called by INTEGER 4 signal or INTEGER 8 signal n signal signum proc flag signum INTEGER 4 Input Signal number see signal 3 proc Routine Input Name of user signal handling routine must be name in an external statement flag INTEGER 4 Input flag lt 0 Use proc as the signal handler flag 2 0 Ignore proc pass flag as the action flag 0 Use the default action flag 1 Ignore this signal Return INTEGER 4 Output n 1 System error value n gt 0 Definition of previous action n gt 1 n Address of routine that would have been called n lt 1 If signum is a valid signal number then n address of routine that would have been called If signum is a not a valid signal number then n is an error number INTEGER 8 On 64 bit environments signal and the variables receiving its output must be declared INTEGER 8 If proc is called it is passed the signal number as an integer argument If a process incurs a signal the default action is usually to clean up and abort A signal handling routine provides the capability of catching specific exceptions or interrupts for special processing The returned value can be used in subsequent calls to signal to restore a previous action definition You can
98. ter n Input Path name of an existing file name2 character n Input Path name to be linked to the file namel name2 must not already exist Return value INTEGER 4 Output status 0 OK status gt 0 System error code link Create a Link to an Existing File Example 1 link Create a link named data1 to the file tlink db data 1 demo cat tlink f character 34 namel tlink db data 1 name2 datal integer 4 link status status link namel name2 if status ne 0 stop link error end demo 77 silent tlink f demo ls 1 datal datal not found demo a out demo ls 1 datal rw rw r 2 generic 2 Aug 11 08 50 datal demo Fortran Library Reference May 2000 symlnk Create a Symbolic Link to an Existing File Example 2 symlnk Create a symbolic link named data1 to the file tlink db data 1 demo cat tsymlink f character 34 namel tlink db data 1 name2 datal INTEGER 4 status symlink status symlnk namel name2 if status ne 0 stop symlink error end demos 77 silent tsymlink f demo ls 1 datal datal not found demo a out demo ls 1 datal demo See also 1ink 2 symlink 2 perror 3F and unlink 3F Note the path names cannot be longer than MAXPATHLEN as defined in lt sys param h gt loc Return the Address of an Object This intrinsic function is called by lrwxrwxrwx 1 generic 15 Aug 11 11 09 datal gt tlink db
99. tes are available with your installed Sun WorkShop 6 products To access the HTML documentation do one of the following In any Sun WorkShop or Sun WorkShop TeamWare window choose Help gt About Documentation a In your Netscape Communicator 4 0 or compatible version browser open the following file opt SUNWspro docs index html Contact your system administrator if your Sun WorkShop software is not installed in the opt directory Your browser displays an index of Sun WorkShop 6 HTML documents To open a document in the index click the document s title Fortran Library Reference May 2000 TABLE P 3 lists related Sun WorkShop 6 manuals by document collection TABLE P 3 Related Sun WorkShop 6 Documentation by Document Collection Document Collection Forte Developer 6 Sun WorkShop 6 Release Documents Document Title About Sun WorkShop 6 Documentation What s New in Sun WorkShop 6 Sun WorkShop 6 Release Notes Description Describes the documentation available with this Sun WorkShop release and how to access it Provides information about the new features in the current and previous release of Sun WorkShop Contains installation details and other information that was not available until immediately before the final release of Sun WorkShop 6 This document complements the information that is available in the component readme files Forte Developer 6 Sun WorkShop 6 Ana
100. tion to ensure proper handling of the result Without explicit typing a REAL result would be assumed by default because the function name starts with g As a reminder explicit type statements appear in the function summaries for these routines Be aware that IMPLICIT statements and the r8 i2 dbl and xt ypemap compiler options also alter the data typing of arguments and the treatment of return values A mismatch between the expected and actual data types in calls to these library routines could cause unexpected behavior Options r8 and db1 promote the data type of INTEGER functions to INTEGER 8 REAL functions to REAL 8 and DOUBLE functions to REAL 16 To protect against these problems function names and variables appearing in library calls should be explicitly typed with their expected sizes as in integer 4 seed getuid real 4 ran seed 70198 val getuid ran seed Explicit typing in the example protects the library calls from any data type promotion when the r8 and db1 compiler options are used Without explicit typing these options could produce unexpected results See the Fortran User s Guide and the 77 1 and 95 1 man pages for details on these options The more flexible xtypemap compiler option is recommended over the obsolete i2 r8 and db1 options and should be used instead You can catch many issues related to type mismatches over library calls by u
101. tions do not correspond to standard Fortran generic intrinsic functions data types are determined by the usual data typing rules These DOUBLE statement PRECISION functions need to appear in a DOUBLE Chapter 1 PRECISION Fortran Library Routines 15 16 Refer to the C library man pages for details the man page for d_acos x is acos 3M TABLE 1 3 Double Precision Math Functions d_acos x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc cosine d_acosd x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_acosh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc cosh d_acosp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_acospi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function PE d_atan x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc tangent d_atand x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_atanh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc tanh d_atanp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_atanpi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function E d_asin x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc sine d_asind x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_asinh x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc sinh d_asinp x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_asinpi x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_atan2 y x DOUBLE PRECISION Function arc tangent d_atan2d y x DOUBLE PRECISION Function d_atan2pi y x DOUBLE PRECISION
102. turned when compiling for a 64 bit environment such as Solaris 7 with xarch v9 ftel1l and variables receiving this return value should be declared INTEGER 8 Example ftel1 INTEGER 4 ftell lunit 1 n open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n ftell lunit if n 1lt 0 stop ftell error Example Same example in a 64 bit environment and compiled with xarch v9 INTEGER 4 lunit 1 INTEGER 8 ftell n open UNIT lunit FILE MyFile n ftell lunit if n lt 0 stop ftell error See also fseek 3S and perror 3F also fseeko64 3F ftello64 3F Chapter1 Fortran Library Routines 39 fseeko64 ftello64 Determine Position and Reposition a Large File fseeko64 and ftello 4 are large file versions of fseek and ftell They take and return INTEGER 8 file position offsets on Solaris 2 6 and Solaris 7 A large file is larger than 2 Gigabytes and therefore a byte position must be represented by a 64 bit integer Use these versions to determine and or reposition large files fseeko64 Reposition a File on a Logical Unit The function is called by INTEGER fseeko64 n fseeko64 lunit offset64 from lunit INTEGER 4 Input Open logical unit offset64 INTEGER 8 Input 64 bit offset in bytes relative to position specified by from from INTEGER 4 Input 0 Beginning of file 1 Current
103. urn File pointer if the file is connected 1 if or value the file is not connected INTEGER 8 An INTEGER 8 value is returned when compiling for 64 bit environments This function is used for mixing standard Fortran I O with C I O Such a mix is nonportable and is not guaranteed for subsequent releases of the operating system or Fortran Use of this function is not recommended and no direct interface is provided You must create your own C routine to use the value returned by getfilep A sample C routine is shown below Example Fortran uses get filep by passing it to a C function tgetfilepF f character l inbyte integer 4 c_read getfilep unitn 5 external getfilep write a What is the digit irtn c_read getfilep unitn inbyte 1 write 9 inbyte format The digit read by C is a end Fortran Library Reference May 2000 Sample C function actually using get filep tgetfilepC c include lt stdio h gt int c_read_ fd buf nbytes buf_len FILE fd char buf int nbytes buf_len return fread buf 1 nbytes fd A sample compile build run is demo 11 ce c tgetfilepC c demo 12 77 tgetfilepC o tgetfilepF f tgetfileF f MAIN demo 13 a out What is the digit 3 The digit read by C is 3 demo 14 For more information read the chapter on the C Fortran interface in the Fortran Prog
104. utine FORTRAN 77 only establishes properties of file I O for files opened after the call to IOINIT The file I O properties that IOINIT controls are as follows m Carriage control Recognize carriage control on any logical unit a Blanks zeroes Treat blanks in input data fields as blanks or zeroes m File position Open files at beginning or at end of file m Prefix Find and open files named prefixNN 0 lt NN lt 19 IOINIT does the following m Initializes global parameters specifying 77 file I O properties Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 63 64 m Opens logical units 0 through 19 with the specified file I O properties attaches externally defined files to logical units at runtime Persistence of File I O Properties The file I O properties apply as long as the connection exists If you close the unit the properties no longer apply The exception is the preassigned units 5 and 6 to which carriage control and blanks zeroes apply at any time Internal Flags IOINIT uses labeled common to communicate with the runtime I O system It stores internal flags in the equivalent of the following labeled common block ER 2 IEOF ICTL IBZR __IOIFLG IEOF ICTL IBZR Not in user name space In earlier releases prior to 3 0 1 the labeled common block was named IOIFLG The name changed subsequently to __IOIFLG to prevent conflicts with any user defined common blocks Source Code Some user needs are
105. utput Three element array day month year Example idate standard version demo cat tidate f INTEGER 4 iarray 3 call idate iarray write The date is 31i5 iarray end demo 77 silent tidate f demo a out The date is 10 8 1998 demo The VMS idate subroutine is called by call idate m d y VMS Version m INTEGER 4 Output Month 1 12 d INTEGER 4 Output Day 1 7 y INTEGER 4 Output Year 1 99 Not year 2000 safe Chapter 1 Fortran Library Routines 53 54 Using the VMS idate routine will cause a warning message at link time and the first time the routine is called in execution Note The VMS version of the idate routine is not Year 2000 Safe because it returns only a two digit value for the year Programs that compute differences between dates using the output of this routine may not work properly after 31 December 1999 Programs using this idate routine will see a runtime warning message the first time the routine is called to alert the user See date_and_time as a possible alternate Example idate VMS version demo cat titime f INTEGER 4 m d y call idate m d y write The date is 3i5 m d y end demo 77 silent tidateV f 1V77 titime f line 2 Warning Subroutine idate is not safe after year 2000 use date_and_time

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