Aprisa SR Product Description
Contents
1. 2 Command One INEGI aCe vereinen REPARARE ER cr ERI oed 28 Management Display vetita auk E Ro acreditar aed Pauca dame 29 LED PU 30 CORREO IEEE ERREUR ERESHERER Dd On 30 DOR Wale 30 c ended 31 r rrr Tr rt rece rer rrr rer rr rr cer rr crn 32 Basic point to multipoint application isc nie rc DR aee C ERROR C CR 32 Advanced point to multipoint application with repeater ssssssseeeeneee 33 Multi interface point to multipoint application 34 5 35 Product Oo E 35 TT 35 MAC HIQ 35 Masi EE 36 36 a EIE 36 eli T 37 Data Link Layer 7 E AEN cts 37 Channel ACCOSS ee cows e E EErEE 37 HOD by HOD TYaNSMUSS ac e 018 c E IE ED GE ID QE EIC aen 37 E E E A meres 38 ct coerce EUR EQ aes seed iaeveaeiceeier asa 38 Produc t is2. 18 18 TERT AA e 19 19 ung P 20 Data Payload Security ETE RUE FER 20 1 21 Ethernet Interface esenas Ea Ra Ee 21 RS 232 Asynchronous INCELfACE eee 21 Power SDecITICabOlSasciiicopr rcr de OE ER E adn Rocio don d wd a EE ER ghee 22 Por SUD HEU 22 Power CORSO DIDI E Peay dete rd deoa 22 Power DISSID GUO Ee CER R E Eroa EI Ec 22 General PEC al ONS aa E A A 23 EL VIL oe dk 23 MSCA dis REND I P RIO 23 ESCO MOAN en E 23 6 Contents 3 2 807 1 8 26 RUNG Rar AE VO GONG 25 CV ISON 25 Viewing the Aprisa SR Terminal Settings sss 25 Configuring the Aprisa SR Terminal Details seen 26 Configuring the Aprisa SR RF Network 5 26 Configuring the Aprisa SR Radio 5
3. amp ARF SUPERVISOR TERMINAL SUMMARY Terminal Hame Location Contact Hame Contact Details IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Date and Time HARDWARE INFORMATION Radio Serial Humber Sub Assembly Serial Humber Active SW Version Standby SW Version Ready Serial lt Base Station Location 4RF Support Contact Details 255 255 0 0 11217094 29 10 2010 13 02 00010283113 SXC10208872 1 2 0 No Standby Ethernet Maintenance Alarms OPERATING SUMMARY Operating Mode Interface Mode TX Frequency MHz TX Power dBm RX Frequency MHz Channel Width KHz Hetwork ID FAN Hode Address Network Radius Inband Management Inband Management Timeout sec Radio Base Station Base Station Serial and Ethernet 400 37 400 12 5 0000 1 10 53 Logout ADMIN 26 Management Configuring the Aprisa SR Terminal Details The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the terminal details including e Terminal Name e Location e Contact Name e Contact Details e Current Date Ethernet port IP Address Subnet Mask Gateway Address amp ARF SUPERVISOR Aprisa 7 Serial Ethernet Security Maintenance Alarms TERMINAL DETAILS RF NETWORK DETAILS Terminal Hame ase Station Network ID FAN Location ocation Network Radius Contact Name RF Support Inband Management Contact Details Contact Details Inband Management Timeout sec Time Format Time Date Format
4. frames separated in time The PHY demodulates data within these packets with coherent detection The Aprisa SR PHY provides carrier symbol and frame synchronisation predominantly through the use of preambles This preamble prefixes all packets sent over the wireless channel which enables fast synchronisation Data Link Layer MAC layer The Aprisa SR PHY enables multiple users to be able to share a single wireless channel however a DLL is required to manage data transport The two key components to the DLL are channel access and hop by hop transmission Channel Access Channel access is realized in the Aprisa SR using Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA In this mode a pending transmission requires the channel to be clear This is determined by monitoring the channel for other signals for a set time prior to transmission This results in reduced collisions and improved channel capacity There are still possibilities for collisions with this technique e g if two radios simultaneously determine the channel is clear and transmit at the same time In this case an acknowledged transaction may be used The transmitter requests an ACK to ensure that the transmission has been successful If the transmitter does not receive an ACK then random backoffs are used to reschedule the next transmission There are a number of parameters that can be altered for the channel access such as back off times number of retries etc To enable the most efficie
5. ventas crin com mx WwWwW crin com mx FICHA TECNICA DE RADIO APRISA 4RF Aprisa 7 Ve Product Description ie ARF Compliance General The Aprisa SR digital radio predominantly operates within frequency bands that require a site license be issued by the radio regulatory authority with jurisdiction over the territory in which the equipment is being operated It is the responsibility of the user before operating the equipment to ensure that where required the appropriate license has been granted and all conditions attendant to that license have been met Changes or modifications not approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Equipment authorizations sought by 4RF Communications are based on the Aprisa SR radio equipment being installed at a fixed location and operated in point to multipoint mode within the environmental profile defined by EN 300019 Class 3 4 Operation outside these criteria may invalidate the authorizations and or license conditions The term Radio with reference to the Aprisa SR User Manual is a generic term for one end station of a point to multipoint Aprisa SR network and does not confer any rights to connect to any public network or to operate the equipment within any territory Compliance ETSI The Aprisa SR radio is designed to comply with the European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI specificatio
6. eoe G The Aprisa SR DIN rail mounting bracket can be mounted in four positions on a horizontal DIN rail e Vertical Mount vertical enclosure perpendicular to the mount e Horizontal Mount horizontal enclosure perpendicular to the mount e Flat Vertical Mount vertical enclosure parallel to the mount e Flat Horizontal Mount horizontal enclosure parallel to the mount Flat Vertical Mount Flat Horizontal Mount Rack Shelf Mounting The Aprisa SR can be mounted on a rack mount shelf using the four M4 threaded holes in the Aprisa SR enclosure base The following picture shows Aprisa SR mounted on 1 RU rack mounted shelves 9o ARE Introduction 17 Wall Mounting The Aprisa SR can be mounted on a wall using the two holes through the enclosure 5 2 mm diameter Typically M5 screws longer than 35 mm would be used 18 Specifications 2 Specifications RF Specifications ETSI Compliant Frequency Bands Broadcast Band Frequency Band Frequency Tuning Synthesizer Step Range Size VHF 136 MHz 136 174 MHz 3 125 kHz UHF 330 MHz 330 400 MHz 6 250 kHz UHF 400 MHz 400 470 MHz 6 250 kHz UHF 450 MHz 450 520 MHz 6 250 kHz UHF 900 MHz 850 960 MHz 6 250 kHz Channel Sizes Channel Size Gross Radio Capacity 6 25 kHz 4 8 kbit s 12 5 kHz 9 6 kbit s 25 kHz 19 2 kbit s t Future Product Release Product Range Channel Size kHz 6
7. 25 12 5 25 Qoo 330 O hi O S ab 900 4 8 9 6 19 2 Gross Radio capacity kbit s ml Current Product Release Future Product Release ie ARF Transmitter Specifications 19 Power output 0 1to 5 0 W 420 to 37 dBm in 1 dB steps Adjacent channel power lt 60 dBC Transient adjacent channel power lt 50 dBC Spurious emissions lt 37 dBm Attack time lt 1 5 ms Release time lt 1 5 ms Data turnaround time lt 10 ms Frequency stability 1 ppm Frequency aging 1 ppm annum Synthesizer lock time 1 5 ms 5 MHz step Receiver 6 25 kHz 12 5 kHz 25 kHz Receiver Sensitivity BER lt 10 119 dBm 117 dBm 114 dBm BER lt 10 114 dBm BER lt 10 110 dBm Adjacent Selectivity gt 60 dB gt 60 dB gt 70 dB Co channel rejection gt 12 dB Intermodulation response gt 70 dB rejection Blocking or desensitization gt 84 dB Spurious response rejection gt 75 dB 20 Specifications Modem Modulation 4 CPFSK Forward Error Correction 3 4 Trellis code Data Payload Security Data payload security CCM Counter with CBC MAC Data encryption Counter Mode Encryption CTR using Advanced Encryption Standard AES 128 192 or 256 Data authentication Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code CBC MAC using Advanced
8. E 39 Carrier Sense ue P ENE TAN Ar EE EREE EER 39 Carrier Sense EN aD CO oc cetseusacetieess dutaeeeseabaceesduresenenwicaeteqetccenia osetia 40 Product Architecture 43 Radio Block DIBO Bliss cid suas 44 Modem BIOCK DISEASES aerei xe EEE EEE EEEE E Pre TRIER ERE 44 6 Contact 45 Introduction 7 ie ARF 1 Introduction The 4RF Aprisa SR Radio The 4RF Aprisa SR is a point to multipoint digital radio providing secure narrowband wireless data connectivity for SCADA infrastructure and telemetry applications The radios carry a combination of serial packet data and Ethernet data between the Base Station Repeater Stations and Remote Stations The Aprisa SR is configurable as a point to multipoint Base Station a Remote Station or a Repeater Station Aprisa SR Product Description 8 Introduction so ARE 09 Product Overview Network Coverage and Capacity In a simple point to multipoint network an Aprisa SR configured as a base station will communicate with multiple remote units in a given coverage area With a link range of up to 60 km a typical deployment will have 30 50 remote stations attached to the base station However geographic features such as hills mountains trees and foliage or other path obstructions such as buildings tend to
9. key recommendations for industrial control systems The security provided builds upon the best in class from multiple standards bodies including EC TR 62443 TC65 Industrial Communications Networks Network and System Security e EC TS 62351 TC57 Power System Control and Associated Communications Data and Communication Security It also adds additional security features through Layer 3 network integration The security features implemented are e Licensed radio spectrum protects against interference e Proprietary physical layer protocol and modified MAC layer protocol based on standardized IEEE 802 15 4 e Data payload security CCM Counter with CBC MAC integrity NIST special publication 800 38C e Data encryption Counter Mode Encryption CTR using Advanced Encryption Standard AES e Data authentication Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code CBC MAC using Advanced Encryption Standard AES e Secured management interface protects configuration Address filtering enables traffic source authorization e Distributed Layer 3 firewall protects remote nodes e Segregated traffic flow enables node isolation with VLAN and Layer 3 subnets t Future Product Release Introduction 13 ie ARF Interfaces Antenna Interface Single Antenna Option e lxINC 50 ohm female connector Dual Antenna Option e 2xINC 50 ohm female connectors Ethernet Interface e 2x ports 10 100 b
10. messages broadcast from the base station but only the radio the message is intended for will action the message Only the base station can receive the unicast messages transmitted from the remote station Unicast messages are ignored by other remote stations which may be able to receive them The Aprisa SR network is not designed for remote stations to communicate with other remote stations Introduction 9 ie ARF Repeater Messaging The Aprisa SR uses a routed protocol throughout the network whereby messages contain source and destination addresses Upon registration the radios populate an internal neighbor table to identify the radios in the network The remote stations will register with a base station or a repeater and the repeater registers with a base station In networks with a repeater the repeater must register with the base station before the remotes can register with the repeater Additionally all messages contain a message type field in the header and messages are designated as either a broadcast message originating from a base station or a unicast message originating from a remote station In a network with a repeater or multiple repeaters the base station broadcasts a message which contains a message type a source address and a destination address The repeater receives the message and recognizes it is a broadcast message from the message type and source address and re broadcasts the message across
11. the network All remote stations in the coverage area will receive the message but only the radio with the destination address will act upon the message Similarly the remote station will send a unicast message which contains a message type unicast a source address and a destination address the base station The repeater will receive this message recognize the message type and source address and forward it to the destination address It is this methodology which prevents repeater repeater loops If there is repeater A which in some circumstances is able to pick up the RF signal from another repeater B it will not forward the message as it will only forward broadcast messages from the base station recognised by the source address For unicast messages the repeater A will recognize that the message from repeater B is not from a remote with which it has an association and similarly ignore the message 10 Introduction Product Features Functions e Point to Point PTP or Point to Multipoint PMP operation half duplex e Licensed frequency bands VHF 136 174 MHz UHF 330 400 MHz UHF 400 470 MHz UHF 450 520 MHz UHF 850 960 MHz e Channel sizes 6 25 kHz 12 5 kHz 25 kHz e Typical deployment of 30 Remote Stations from one Base Station with a practical limit of a few hundred Remote Stations e Dual antenna option for external duplexers or filters half duplex operation e Ethernet data interface plus RS 232 asyn
12. Date 0 08 2010 IP Address Ethernet 1 172417 10 2 Subnet Mask Ethernet 1 Gateway Ethernet 1 7217 04 Configuring the Aprisa SR RF Network Details The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the RF Network Details including e Network ID FAN four hex chars Field Area Network network ID of this base station node and its remote nodes e Node Address four hex chars base station 0000 remote stations 0001 to FFFD e Network Radius sets the maximum number of hops in this network e Inband Management enables Inband Management of Remotes Repeaters Inband Management Timeout sec sets the Inband Management timeout period Management 27 eo ie ARF Configuring the Aprisa SR Radio Settings The SuperVisor software enables operators to set the radio settings including e Transmit frequency MHz e Transmit power dBm watts e Receive frequency MHz e Channel type link capacity vs channel size amp ARF SUPERVISOR Aprisa 57 A Terminal Radic Serial Ethernet Security Maintenance Alarms RF SETTINGS TX Frequency MHz TX Power dBm 37 5 00 W RX Frequency MHz Radio Base Station 28 Management ie ARF Command Line Interface The Aprisa SR has a Command Line Interface CLI which provides basic product setup and configuration This interface can be accessed via an Ethernet Port RJ 45 or the Management Port USB micro type B The Terminal menu is shown in the
13. Encryption Standard AES 128 192 or 256 t Future Product Release Specifications 21 ie ARF Interface Specifications Ethernet Interface The Aprisa SR radio features an integrated 10Base T 100Base TX layer 2 Ethernet switch To simplify network setup each port supports auto negotiation and auto sensing MDI MDIX Operators can select from the following preset modes e Auto negotiate e lOBase T half or full duplex e 100Base TX half or full duplex The switch is IEEE 802 3 compatible It passes VLAN tagged traffic General Interface RJ 45 x 2 Integrated 2 port switch Cabling CAT 5 UTP supports auto MDIX Standard Ethernet Maximum line length 100 metres on cat 5 or better Bandwidth allocation The Ethernet capacity maximum is determined by the available radio link capacity Maximum transmission unit Option setting of 1522 or 1536 octets Address table size 1024 MAC addresses Ethernet mode 10Base T or 100Base TX Full duplex or half duplex Auto negotiating and auto sensing Diagnostics Left Green LED Off no Ethernet signal received On Ethernet signal received Right Green LED Off Indicates no data traffic present on the interface Flashing Indicates data traffic present on the interface RS 232 Asynchronous Interface The Aprisa SR radio s ITU T V 24 compliant RS 232 interface is configured as a Cisco pinout DCE The interface terminates to a DTE using
14. STATION 1 CS Tx Rx Tx BS Tx Packel A Altempt 1 BS Tx Packet B Attempt 1 Raz Tx Packet D Attempt 1 i Carrier sense poll 2 F Carrier sense poll 3 F Tr Carrier sense poll 4 P Carrier sense poll 5 F BS Tx ACK Packet D F Carrier sense pall P e corier sense pot 7 P RS1 Tx Packet C Attempt 1 BS Tx ACK Packet C so Architecture 41 00 Repeater Timing for Base Station to Remote Station Transactions The following timing diagram illustrates repeater timing for Base Station to Remote Station transactions Packets are scheduled by the Broadcast Retry Timeout and Broadcast J itter parameters BS packet A BS forwarded packet A Repeater Timing for Remote Station to Base Station Transactions The following timing diagram illustrates repeater timing for Remote Station to Base Station transactions Packets are scheduled by the Unicast Retry Timeout and Unicast Retry itter parameters RMT packet A RMT packet A ACK RPT forwarded packet A RPT forwarded packet A ACK 42 Architecture gae 00 Repeater Timing for Queued Packets at the Repeater Station The following timing diagram illustrates repeater timing for queued packets at the Repeater Station Packets are scheduled by the Unicast Leading Timeout and Unicast Leading J itter parameters MGMT packet for RPT MGMT packet for RPT forwarded RPT queued packet A RPT packet A ACK RPT queued packet B RPT packet B ACK MGMT
15. a straight through cable or to a DCE with a crossover cable null modem The interface uses two handshaking control lines between the DTE and the DCE General Interface ITU T V 24 EIA TIA RS 232E Interface direction DCE only Maximum line length 10 metres Async Standard mode data bits 7 or 8 bits parameters Standard mode parity Configurable for None Even or Odd Standard mode stop bits 1 or 2 bits Interface baud rates 300 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 57600 and 115200 bit s Control signals DCE to DTE CTS RTS DSR DTR 22 Specifications Power Specifications Power Supply Nominal voltage 13 8 VDC negative earth Input voltage range 10 to 30 VDC Maximum power input 30 W Connector Phoenix Contact 4 pin male screw fitting MC 1 5 4 GF 3 5 Power Consumption Mode Power Consumption Transmit Receive 22 5 W for 5W transmit power 15 0 W for 1W transmit power Receive only lt 6 W full Ethernet traffic activity 4 5 W no Ethernet traffic activity Power Dissipation Transmit Power Power Dissipation 1W transmit power 14 0W 5W transmit power 17 5 W Specifications 23 ie ARF General Specifications Environmental Operating temperature range 40 to 470 C Storage temperature range 40 to 480 C Operating hu
16. ase T Ethernet layer 2 switch using RJ 45 Used for Ethernet user traffic and product management USB Interfaces e 1x Management Port using USB micro type B connector Used for product configuration with the Command Line Interface CLI e 1x Host Port using USB standard type A connector Used for software upgrade and diagnostic reporting RS 232 Interface e 1x RS 232 asynchronous port using RJ 45 connector Used for RS 232 async user traffic only 14 Introduction so ARE 00 Product Options Dual Antenna The standard Aprisa SR uses a one or two frequency duplex transmission mode which eliminates the need for a duplexer However a Dual Antenna option is available for separate transmit and receive antenna connection to support external duplexers or filters The transmission remains half duplex Antenna Option Part Number Single Antenna APSR N400 012 SO 12 ETAA Dual Antenna APSR N400 012 DO 12 ETAA Aprisa SR Product Description Introduction 15 ie ARF Mounting The Aprisa SR has four threaded holes M4 in the enclosure base and two holes 5 2 mm through the enclosure for mounting Mounting options include e DIN rail mounting with the Aprisa SR DIN Rail Mounting Bracket e Rack shelf mounting e Wall mounting e Outdoor enclosure mounting DIN Rail Mounting The Aprisa SR has an optional accessory part 4RF Aprisa SR Acc Mounting Bracket DIN Rail 16 Introduction so ARE
17. bed e Basic point to multipoint application e Advanced point to multipoint application with repeaters e Multi interface point to multipoint application Basic point to multipoint application Single base station with Ethernet SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet RTUs requiring control and data acquisition The base station receives Ethernet frames from the SCADA server LAN and broadcasts all Ethernet frames to all remote stations Each remote site receives Ethernet frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the base station The base station uses an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain q A RTU D Aprisa SR Aprisa SR Base Station SF SCADA Server RTU A S7 Aprisa SR Aprisa SR Applications 33 ie ARF Advanced point to multipoint application with repeater Single base station with Ethernet SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet RTUs requiring control and data acquisition A repeater is deployed to service remote sites beyond the reach of the base station The base station receives Ethernet frames from the SCADA server LAN and broadcasts all Ethernet frames to the repeater and its remote stations Three remote sites have direct radio communication with the base station but the other two remote sites operate via th
18. chronous data interface e Data encryption and authentication e Complies with international standards including ETSI RF EMC safety and environmental standards t Future Product Release Performance e Long distance operation typically 30 km radius e High transmit power e low noise receiver e Forward Error Correction e Electronic tuning over the frequency band e Thermal management for high power over a wide temperature range Usability e Configuration diagnostics via front panel Management Port USB interface Ethernet interface e Remote station configuration diagnostics over the radio link e LED display for on site diagnostics e Optional management display for advanced on site configuration e Firmware upgrade and diagnostic reporting via the Host Port USB flash drive e Simple installation with integrated mounting holes for wall DIN rail and rack shelf mounting ie ARF Introduction 11 Architecture The Aprisa SR Architecture is based around a layered TCP IP protocol stack Physical Proprietary wireless Standard RS 232 and Ethernet Link Proprietary wireless channel access ARQ segmentation Standard Ethernet Network Standard IP Proprietary automatic radio routing table population algorithm Transport Standard TCP UDP Application Proprietary management application software 12 Introduction so ARE 00 Security The Aprisa SR provides security features to implement the
19. ddress field defines the source of this hop 36 Architecture so 00 Network Header Frame Control The frame control field at the Network Header allows the Daintree SNA to interpret the fields correctly In addition the discover route field in bits 6 7 determines if a unibroadcast should discover a route Bit 15 is used to indicate an ACK is requested DA The Destination Address field in the Network Header defines the ultimate destination not current hop SA The Source Address field in the Network Header defines the original source not current hop Radius The Radius field is decremented each hop until it reaches 0 seq The sequence number uniquely identifies the packet Payload Based on the security configuration the payload could be either encrypted or un encrypted Auxillary Frame The Auxillary Frame fields are dependant on the security configuration chosen MIC MAC A 0 16 byte register for the Message Authentication Code AES Counter A 4 byte counter reuired for encryption IEEE Address An 8 byte IEEE MAC address Architecture 37 ie ARF Physical Layer The Aprisa SR PHY uses a one or two frequency duplex transmission mode which eliminates the need for a duplexer Remote nodes are predominantly in receive mode with only sporadic bursts of transmit data This reduces power consumption The Aprisa SR is a packet based radio Data is sent over the wireless channel in discrete packets
20. e repeater site Each remote site receives Ethernet frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the repeater base station The base station and the repeater station use an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain Aprisa SR Aprisa SR Aprisa SR Repeater Station RTU Aprisa SR Aprisa SR Base Station el i SCADA Server n Aprisa SR 34 Applications ce ARE Multi interface point to multipoint application Single base station with Ethernet and RS 232 SCADA data inputs to multiple geographically remote sites with Ethernet and RS 232 RTUs requiring control and data acquisition The base station receives Ethernet RS 232 frames from the SCADA servers and broadcasts all frames to all remote stations Each remote site receives Ethernet RS 232 frames from the RTU and unicasts over the air to the base station The base station uses an omni directional antenna to provide wide coverage and the remote stations are fitted with directional Yagi antennas to provide higher gain N RTU B Base Station eb Aprisa SR m RTU A N Ethernet Aprisa SR Architecture 35 ie ARF 5 Architecture Product Description There are three components to the wireless interface the Physical Layer PHY the Data Link Layer DLL and the Network Layer These thr
21. ee layers are required to transport data across the wireless channel in the Point to Multipoint PMP configuration The Aprisa SR DLL is largely based on the 802 15 4 MAC layer using a proprietary implementation An example wireless protocol frame structure is illustrated below This uses maximum security of 16 Bytes The length of the header varies depending on whether the user data must be segmented User data will be segmented if it is larger than the wireless packet payload length In this case this limit is 213 Bytes If the user data packet is larger than this then the header increases to 20 Bytes to account for the transport of the required segmentation and reassembly data Header 18 Bytes Payload 213 Bytes Security 16 Bytes This frame structure consists of Frame Path PAN Frame Control Cost ID Control AES MAC Header NM Payload MIC MAC Counter 4 Byte AUXILLARY gt FRAME depends on Security option IEEE Address 8 Byte tT FRAME Frame MAC Header Frame Control The frame control field is used to maintain coexistence with IEEE 802 15 4 and ZigBee standards Path Cost This field is used only during route discovery but is present in all data frames FAN ID The FAN ID may be any value between 0x0001 and Ox 7fff and represents the FAN DA The Destination Address field defines the destination of the next hop or Oxffff for broadcasts SA The Source A
22. et port is terminated on an Ethernet port only User Traffic User traffic is prioritized depending on the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options If the Serial and Ethernet Data Priority options are equal then first come first served is invoked Repeater stations repeat traffic also on a first come first served basis Management Traffic Ethernet Management Traffic has the same priority as Ethernet User Traffic but if the radio is not licensed for Ethernet the Ethernet Data Priority is set to Low e ARE Architecture 39 Product Operation Carrier Sense Disabled The following timing diagram illustrates two transactions with Carrier Sense disabled on the Remote Stations 1 The Base Station broadcasts 2 packets to all Remote Stations The Base Station uses default settings e g 1 attempt In this example the 2 packet packet B arrives over the wired interface at the Base Station for transmission over the air before the 1 packet packet A has left The 2 packet is queued The timing diagram illustrates that the retry timer is used to schedule the 2 4 packet in the same way as a 2 attempt would be queued 2 Remote Station 1 attempts to send a packet packet C to the Base Station without the use of carrier sense In this case a second Remote Station Remote Station 2 also attempts to send a packet packet D to the Base Station at approximately the same time In this case the 2 packets collide and the Base Station d
23. following picture termName termLocation ocation i termContactName itermContactDetails i term imeFormat RF Support ontact Details ime24h 1 I termDateFormat yyyy 1 i termDateTime 010 4 24 10 15 36 0 i termEthControlleriIpfiddress 12 17 200 6 i termEthControlleriSubnetMask i termEthControlleriGateway i termRfNwkPanId i termRfNwkRadius i termInbandManagementEnabled i termInbandManagementTimeoutSec 1 2 3 A 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 MPA APRISASR MIB 4 amp RF gt gt _ Management 29 ie ARF Management Display Panel The Aprisa SR has an optional Management Display Panel which provides on site management and diagnostics without the need for PC The features include e Displaying and changing frequencies e Enabling and disabling user interfaces e Displaying alarms e Displaying performance data e Performing upgrades e Performing onsite tests t Future Product Release Aprisa SR Product Description 30 Management LED Display Panel ie ARF The Aprisa SR has an LED Display panel which provides on site alarms diagnostics without the need for PE Normal Operation In normal radio operation the LEDs indicate the following conditions OK DATA CPU RF AUX Solid RF path Red transmit fail alarm Flashing Radio not Radio Red connected to a uncalibrated Base Station alarm Solid RF path minor Duplicate IP Orange alarm address co
24. limit radio coverage Additionally geography may reduce network capacity at the edge of the network where errors may occur and require retransmission However the Aprisa SR uses Forward Error Correction FEC which greatly improves the sensitivity performance of the radio resulting in less retries and minimal reduction in Capacity Ultimately the overall performance of any specific network will be defined by a range of factors including the geographic location the number of remote stations in the base station coverage area and the traffic profile across the network Effective network design will distribute the total number of remote stations across the available base stations to ensure optimal geographic coverage and network capacity Remote Messaging Base stations are fitted with omni directional antennas and the remote stations use directional Yagi antennas for higher gain On start up the base station transmits a registration message which is recognised by the remote stations which respond with their own registration message This allows the base station to record the details of all the remote stations active in the network There are two message types in the Aprisa SR network broadcast messages and unicast messages Broadcast messages are transmitted by the base station to the remote stations and unicast messages are transmitted by the remote station to the base station All the remote stations within the coverage area will receive the
25. midity Maximum 9596non condensing Acoustic noise emission No audible noise emission Mechanical Dimensions Width 177mm Depth 110 mm 126 mm with TNC connector Height 41 5 mm Weight 720g Colour Matt black Mounting Wall 2 x M5 screws Rack shelf 2 x M4 screws DIN rail bracket ETSI compliance Radio EN 300 113 EMI EMC EN 301 489 Parts1 amp 5 Safety EN 60950 Environmental ETS 300 019 Class 3 4 Management 25 ie ARF 3 Management SuperVisor The Aprisa SR contains an embedded web server application SuperVisor to enable element management with any major web browser such as Mozilla Firefox Microsoft Internet Explorer SuperVisor enables operators to configure and manage the Aprisa SR base station radio and repeater remote station radios over the radio link The key features of SuperVisor are e View and set standard radio configuration parameters including frequencies transmit power channel access serial Ethernet and USB port settings e Set terminal operating mode whether base station remote station or repeater station e Set and view security parameters including keys e Display performance and alarm information including RSSI alarm status time stamped events alarm parameters The following are four examples of SuperVisor screens Viewing the Aprisa SR Terminal Settings The SuperVisor software enables operators to view the terminal settings
26. ndition detected in network Flashing Tx Data or Rx Device detect RF path TX is Copy of Alarm Orange Data on the on the USB active History file to USB host port the USB drive management is in progress port Flashing Tx Data or Rx RF path RX is Green Data on the active serial port Solid Power on and All interface Processor Block RF Path is OK Green functions OK ports are OK is OK Software Upgrade During a software upgrade the LEDs indicate the following conditions e Software upgrade started the OK LED flashes orange Aprisa SR Product Description Software upgrade progress indicated by running AUX to DATA LEDs Software upgrade completed successfully the OK LED solid orange Software upgrade failed any LED flashing red during the upgrade Management 31 ie ARF Test Mode In Test Mode the LED Display panel presents a real time visual display of the RSSI This can be used to adjust the antenna for optimum signal strength OK DATA CPU RF AUX 55 LED LED LED LED LED TUOT TII EE e e e 88 dBm to 85 dBm O e 92 dBm to 89 dBm o 96 dBm to 93 dBm amp 104 dBm to 101 dBm Qo o 112 dBm to 109 dBm 100 dBm to 97 dBm 108 dBm to 105 dBm e 116 dBm to 113 dBm e O e e e RSSI threshold e e o o e No response received 32 Applications 4 Applications This section describes sample Aprisa SR radio applications The following applications are descri
27. ns as follows Radio performance EN 300 113 2 EMC EN 301 489 Parts 1 amp 5 Environmental EN 300 019 Class 3 4 Safety EN 60950 1 2006 body 136 174 MHz 12 5 kHz 12 VDC 400 470 MHz 12 5 kHz 12 VDC 3 ie ARF RF Exposure Warning WARNING The installer and or user of Aprisa SR radios shall ensure that a separation distance as given in the following table is maintained between the main axis of the terminal s antenna and the body of the user or nearby persons Minimum separation distances given are based on the maximum values of the following methodologies 1 Maximum Permissible Exposure non occupational limit B or general public of 47 CFR 1 1310 and the methodology of FCC s OST OET Bulletin number 65 2 Reference levels as given in Annex European Directive on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields 0 Hz to 300 GHz 1999 519 EC These distances will ensure indirect compliance with the requirements of EN 50385 2002 Frequency MHz Maximum Power Maximum Antenna Minimum Separation dBm Gain dBi Distance m Contents 5 te ARF Contents L ION 7 The 4RF Aprisa SR RadlQ usaucsasa unit ask anri acri Recorder wn cac C el a X Saas 7 Product OVE CPI 8 Network Coverage and CaDSCIEV eiceuaabarkax diced aba a EXER tienes PCRODAOL EC 8 c er es
28. nt use of the channel these parameters will differ for each network largely dependent on number of radios in the network Hop by Hop Transmission Hop by Hop Transmission is realized in the Aprisa SR by adding a MAC address header to the packet For 802 15 4 there are 2 addresses the source and destination addresses 38 Architecture so 00 Network Layer Packet Routing Packet routing is realized in the Aprisa SR by adding a network address header to the packet This contains source and destination addresses For the Network Layer there are 2 addresses the address of the Originating radio and the address of the terminating radio i e end to end network This is required for routing packets across multiple hops e g PMP with repeaters The Aprisa SR uses an automated method for performing address assignment and routing information There are two types of packets unicast and broadcast Only the base station sends broadcasts which are received by all remote stations User packets are not interpreted as the radio link is transparent Traffic Data originating on the Base Station is broadcast to all Repeater Stations and Remote Stations Data originating on a Remote Station is unicast to the Base Station only This can be via multiple Repeater Stations Data originating on a Repeater Station is unicast to the Base Station only Data originating on a serial port is terminated on a serial port and data originating on an Ethern
29. oes not reply with an ACK The Remote Station unicast retry timer times out and the 2 attempt is sent This attempt is successful and an ACK is received In this case channel access is ALOHA BASE STATION REMOTE STATION 1 Rx Tx Rx Tx BS Tx Packet A Attempt 1 BS Tx Packet B Altempt 1 Unicast leading timeout R amp 2Z Tx Packet D Attempt 1 Unicast leading jitter R81 Tx Packet C Attempt 1 Unicast retry timeout Unicast jitter R51 Tx Packet C Attempt 2 Unicast retry timeout BS Tx ACK Packet C 40 Architecture so 00 Carrier Sense Enabled The following timing diagram illustrates the same transactions with Carrier Sense enabled on the Remote Stations Transmit packets are depicted as orange blocks and received packets are depicted as green blocks 1 The Base Station broadcasts 2 packets to all Remote Stations In this case the transactions are identical to the previous example 2 Remote Station 1 attempts to send a packet packet C to the Base Station with the use of carrier sense Here the Remote Station detects that the channel is being used by Remote Station 2 The carrier sense polls the channel and requires 2 consecutive channel clear assessments before the channel is accessed This enables the carrier sense system to detect a possible ACK This is illustrated above with one of the carrier sense polls poll 4 passing as it detects the gap between packet D and its associated ACK BASE STATION REMOTE
30. route discovery from RPT MGMT route discovery ACK Architecture 43 ie ARF Product Architecture The following are the key components of the Aprisa SR design High performance XA fractional N synthesizer e 2x output frequency VCO for minimal pulling during transmit e Wideband design electronically tunes over entire band e Tx and Rx LO operate on the same frequency reducing the tuning range of the VCO and therefore better noise performance e Proven ultra low noise technology 50dB SNR easily achieved Direct IQ modulation e Simple IQ modulation line up reduces part count and improves MTBF e No mixing stages so no spurious responses present at the transmitter output Tx turn on time limited primarily by PA ramping e Robust closed loop power control fast accurate power ramp up and down MOSFET PA device e High efficiency gt 60 PAE at 8W e Very low thermal resistance 2 5 C W Direct IQ down conversion e Excellent Intermodulation distortion characteristics as channel filter can be placed directly after the mixer without impacting noise figure e High Q active channel filtering helps achieve selectivity performance e Low parts count and no crystal filters help to keep receiver performance extremely stable over temperature Integrated heat sink e Limits number of mechanical interfaces e Fin design optimized for natural convection Monitoring and software control e Temperature control loop shuts down transmi
31. tos TP eee 8 de i EIER eine SR ET HEP Rd and 9 PrOOUCUFO CS R 10 10 1 10 Pl 10 eiiam 11 vali 12 13 AAEE ETE RROLFE I ITE FEE 13 Erene Wel ae B TE I ERU EIQUETIEICUFMUNTEIRUETS 13 PS Ea 13 RO 13 Product 14 EA E EE 14 UU ge ls en A E EEE A ee ee ee ee 15 DIN aD MO UIE HO a a dares UPPER PNE ET IDE PU 15 Rack Shelf 16 CHR 17 18 Fe SS CUM 18 COMI MU RIPE 18 UR UERUR d RENS 18 channel
32. tter when the temperature exceeds continuous operation at 70 C e Monitoring of RSSI and PA current help to make sure the RF hardware is functioning to specification 44 Architecture Radio Block Diagram IQ Modulator Singleto Differential Amplifier and Filler VGA 8th Order VGA IQ Demodulator 1510 45dB Aclivel PF 0 24dB LPF RX CH AB ee ee es CMS 1 Modules Contact Us 45 ie ARF 6 Contact Us COMUNICACIONES Y REDES INTEGRALES S A DE C V SOLUCIONES EN 3 Y COMUNICACIONES Calle 18 No 38 entre y IF Col M xico Norte C P 97128 M rida Yucatan M xico Tel Fax 01 999 9 LL 03 91 y 9 44 09 76 Cel 99 91 78 62 01 NEXTEL 99 93 05 34 98 ID 92 836386 2 99 93 05 3O0 15 ID 5248361865 ventas crin com mx nvelasco crin com mx www crin com mx
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