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atfm modelling capability amoc

1. loadings 2 The main objective of the earlier studies was not to produce operationally valid results but rather to demonstrate the potential of an ATFM simulation capability and to validate the CASA algorithm 2 2 2 The problems of simulating with NASPAC Problems arose with NASPAC when the CFMU asked the EEC to prepare contingency plans based on real traffic Because NASPAC is a prototype simulation of large scale airspace and air traffic systems the flight profile calculation is based only on the air craft performance Based solely on this information NASPAC produces mistakes in the en route sectors loadings ATC constraints were introduced into NASPAC to model flight profiles more accurate but it s difficult to feed it manually with all the european ATC constraints and itis a waste of time when the traffic sample sent to us by the CFMU contains all the information needed flight profiles based on the aircraft per formance requested level and the ATC constraints and entry time in all the en route sectors The problems of simulating with NASPAC are sumarized below NASPAC Preprocessor uses about thirty input data files the simulator engine uses about sixteen differents input data files and the Postprocessor uses about sixteen differents input data files e NASPAC modules are written in different languages Fortran Pascal C Simscript Cshell Dataviews XView which make it difficult to maintain or improve the NASPAC functi
2. This file describes a 4 dimensional route for each flight A full description of this file is given in the SelFlow section 11 2 2 Input files 1 ALL_FLIGHT file The traffic file contains the following data for each flight departure airport arrival air port flight id air carrier aircraft type departure date and time flight number flight level followed by route time fix 2 faaoag_locid_lalo lt suffix gt This file contains the fixes and airports coordinates latitude and longitude The CFMU traffic file records give only the fixes and airports location indicators 3 eqpmcats For each aircraft type this file contains the turnaround time category the en route time category and the climb descent profile 4 country code The country code file contains abbreviations of the ICAO names The first two charac ters are replaced by a single character This file is used because sector names are coded with 6 characters while the CFMU sector names are coded with seven characters AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 64 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 12 0 Flight Increase Processor Software The Flight Increase Processor Software FIPS generates additional flight demand for simulation studies The flight demand is comprised of aircraft itineraries An itinerary is a series of connected flight legs for a given aircraft A flight leg is specified by a departure airport and arrival airport an estimated depart
3. 60 Nb flights with Delay 30 60 Nb flights with Delay lt 15 cancel regulation s performance metrics Click here to select EGCCGLO Regulation Name EGGWGLO EGKKGLO EGLLGLO Capacity EGITACC Total Delay Period of Activation Overloaded Slots Unused Slots 0k CAUTION You must not try to execute PerfAnalysis on a CASA scenario that is not already executed by CASA because PerfAnalysis reads from the output of CASA AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 48 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 9 2 Input PerfAnalysis uses the report files generated by CASA There is a report for each regu lation The program extracts the lines of these files that are relevant to the regulation and displays the key metric measures by regulation in the dedicated text boxes 9 3 Output The output of PerfAnalysis is displayed directly on two windows Scenario Performance metrics window contains global information about the ATEM strategy total delay average regulated and constrained flights maximum delay number of regulated and delayed flights number of flights with delay greater than one hour between half an hour and one hour and less than 15 minutes AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 49 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 50 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 10 0 FRED Th
4. They used Objects imported from they above Definition source modules Iselflow mod 14 4 2 DeliverCtot files DeliverCtot is composed of include and implementation files The files needed to com pile DeliverCtot are described below DdeliverCtot mod They represent the definition and implementation mod IdeliverCtot mod ules for the main module deliverCTOT MdeliverCTOT mod This is the main module that uses the functions and struc tures imported from the above files 14 4 3 FIPS code files The FIPS program is composed of a set of separate programs that perform a specific task The following table lists the software modules that belong to FIPS and briefly describes their include and implementation files A more detailed overview of FIPS including its components is given in the section dedicated to FIPS Only the logical files used by FIPS are described below These files contain the definition and imple mentation of structures and functions used to generate additional flights from the DED4 prediction file Dfirst mod They represent the definition and implementation mod Ifirst mod ules for the main module FIRST MFIRST mod This is the main module that uses the functions and struc tures imported from the above files forecast c This is the code for forecast program 14 4 4 PerfAnalysis code The Performance analysis code is encompassed in the module DGui mod and IGui mod under the object ScDelayDialogObj AMOC A
5. amp 2 5 Overview of the role of each parts seen 9 2 6 The Incremental and Iterative Nature of AMOC 11 3 0 Using Simple steps soccssoscssssssssscssscscssscssssscssssscsssessssssssssssasers 13 Sil 380 Data Collections luana iii 13 3 4 S1 Generate Input 13 3 3 52 Sectors Throughput on the Raw 14 3 4 53 Regulation Schema sse een ese Edere S ae 14 3 5 54 Create Regulations and their corresponding flows 14 36 docGenerate Traffic VOlUme oleosi 14 Sab SIOUAN OCA OM S eee thori anale ili 14 3 8 57 Key Performance Metrics tees eset rn 14 3 9 58 Sectors Throughput on the Regulated Traffic 14 3 10 99 Loop over the process crinali cU ea gees 15 4 0 How to get th CEMU Data ssiscssisscaseiiesssvexissccosseseiesecaessevetsoscosexivecesencesevsenes 17 5 0 AMOC ser TOOTS sco etnies hri eerie 19 5S1 lt The AMOC main Window arie 19 5 2 Startins A MOC Lg e osse Set levees teas eost ues bind ost oput ar 19 6 0 CASA aan 21 6 0 1 Description of CASA algorithm eee ii 21 6 0 2 R mning CASA riali 22 6 009 CASA mput files aaa 22 6 0 4 CASA regulations file 25 6 0 5 CASA SOBIBUNTG cores aca tst caio 27 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability NTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE
6. awk print 5 6 8 gt data in temp bin deliverCTOT 1 temp rm data in temp C FRED fred is an executable program located in the FRED home directory This program is coded using Modsim and Simgraphics library To compile FRED you must follow these steps 1 Set the current directory to FRED home directory From the UNIX command tape the following command cd FRED 2 From the FRED home directory tape the following command mscomp fred The graphical user interface for FRED is in a separate file located on FRED directory The name of this file is graphics fred AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 79 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 D FIPS The fips located in AMOC com directory is a Cshell script used to generate additional flights data from an original traffic file It takes two arguments fips lt traffic extension gt lt statfor gt Where lt traffic extension gt identifies the crossings and traject extensions lt statfor gt is the file containing the DED4 prediction growth The lt statfor gt file is specified by name without the whole pathname E PerfAnalysis The PerfAnalysis module is executed from within the GUI without passing by a system call The full code of PerfAnalysis module is encompassed in the object RegDelay DialogObj and ScDelayDialogObj F SelFlow The SelFlow module is executed from within the GUI without passing by a system call
7. dev lt tape device where tape device is usually rstO If you have any doubt contact your System Administration This command will automatically copy the AMOC subdirectories under the AMOC home directory 3 Under AMOC home directory create a link to the CASA location directory From the UNIX command line type In s casa location CASA After the AMOC files have been copied from the tape the cshrc file needs to be modi fied to contain AMOC environment settings setenv home AMOC setenv FRED AMOC FRED setenv DATAIN AMOC data in setenv DATAOUT AMOC data out setenv net mahler users casa casa07 4 You should add the AMOC bin directory to the environment variable path Edit your cshrc file and type at the end of this file the following line set path AMOC bin path 5 Set the current directory to AMOC src directory and edit the mscomp cfg file This file is necessary to compile with Modsim The mscomp cfg file must contains the fol lowing lines 1 9 13 Version of mscomp and MODSIM II Compiler MSEXEC gt usr modsim1 9 13 bin MODSIM II system directory MSLIB gt usr modsim1 9 13 lib modsim MODSIM II library import directory s DEF Definition source module directory AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 71 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 IMP Implementation source module directory OBJ gt Object file directory SR ON S
8. tion 10 2 2 Description of Flows window This window allows flows objects to be edited 1 Flow Name A text box to specify the name of the flow 2 FROM A text box to specify the departure airport family 3 EXCEPT A text box to specify the departure airport exception from the family list if any 4 TO A text box to specify the arrival airport family 5 EXCEPT A text box to specify the arrival airport exception from the family list if any 6 VIA If checked permits to enter the volume under consideration 7 START A text box to specify the start time of the flow in hours and minutes HHMM To spec ify the day of the start time click on the Radio Box e J 1 Previous day e J Tactical day e J 1 Next day AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 55 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 8 END A text box to specify the end time of the flow in hours and minutes To specify the day of the end time click on the Radio Box e J 1 Previous day e J Tactical day e J Next day 10 2 3 Creating a flow When all the above information is entered click on Add button to create the flow 10 2 4 Updating a flow To update a flow the following steps must be respected e from the list box select the flow to be updated All the informations concerning the flow are displayed in their correspondent widgets e modify the informations concerning the selected flow e click on the button
9. AMOC e The ALL FLIGHT file for an operational day The location of all fixes and airports ICAO location indicator latitude and longi tude e A file containing the aliases or the definition of all subsequent non elementary sec tors For example if one wants to use the sector AB which is a combination of the elementary setors and B he should specify it clearly as AB or if one wants to use a preferred name C rather than the name D he must define it in this file as D AMOC does not need the geographical physical location of the used sectors One can start an ATFM simulation with AMOC without describing the location of the crossing sectors What is valuable for AMOC is the ICAO name of the sectors and the time of piercing for all the flights 3 2 S1 Generate AMOC Input files The ALL FLIGHT is processed again by the ATAC module to generate two files e traject file containing information about the trajectory of each flight in 4 dimen sions This information relates to the overflown fixes the estimated time over ETO and the altitude crossings file containing information about the en route sectors for each flight This information relates to the used sectors the time of entry and the time of exit The ALL FLIGHT is generated by urs toolset from an operational day obtained from the Central Flow Management Unit CFMU via network or magnetic tapes Currently the process of converting the ALL FLIGHT
10. CASA DeliverCtot Fame Fred FIPS PerfAnalysis SelFlow runATAC runcasa deliverCTO executed directly from within the Gui executed directly from the Gui by calling trigerSelFlow method AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 76 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 14 8 1 Main Menu The AMOC main menu is a menu driven software tool that lets you starts any AMOC module The AMOC main menu called GuiObj is an object inherited from Sim graphics Object MenuBarObj MenuBarObj GuiObj 14 8 2 Menu Items The AMOC main menu lets you starts any AMOC module by clicking on the menu items corresponding to the module to be run The GuiObj reads an ASCII file called graphics amoc from which it loads its menu Each menu item activates an object inherited from Simgraphics DialogBoxObj Thus the GuiObj uses the implementation of the dialogue boxes objects described below 14 8 3 Dialog Boxes Each click on a menu item displays a dialog box from which you can enter the name of input files needed to start the execution of the module Each dialogue Box is an object inherited from Simgraphics object DialogBoxObj DeliverCtotDialogObj CasaDialogObj StartUpDialogObj RegDelayDialogOb ScDelayDialogObj FIPSDialogObj DialogBoxObj Each dialogue Box object reads the graphics amoc file from which it loads the struc ture describ
11. EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 0 SOT TOW EC 31 dale Mode Or SelFlow USE scelere o ttis lb iii 32 T2 JSSctors aliases file io eo oom teo iat i herba acd e utet Re Caes 33 To uNGFOGLOmes Mle sr otite 33 3 CDS God eoe iaia oasi 35 PAM Centralized facon 37 7 4 2 Decentralized flows sessi tet tara 37 7 4 3 Operations Bowser ea 37 imille 38 7 6 Flows Period RT RU EUER AE 38 Jo Tale tU o a ORE cU 39 7 8 Traffic file and how it is processed n 39 SETA CCU iaia 39 1 627 Crossings leali cocus DR tona Ef itn 40 7 8 3 PrOCOSSIDg 41 TE io 42 il S09 as odd ena m 43 8 0 D liverC S 45 Sal Running DellverCiot sorcslo ngi 45 942 BUE S S uS S AR DE tette a d vti ene ptor 45 D WOU eee eee i M t MC tU 46 8 4 How DeliverCtot processes pit um lle 46 9 0 PerfAnDalysls uices ANS Pre RU t Gave A EH rel PN I ETUR IE 47 94 Runing Per Analysis tid equa tip maar ance 47 EP ME aaa iaia alia 49 O52 MD c NR RR ON IO a ame 49 10 0 EREDI i 51 10 0 1 Purpose of FRED cet 51 POST Controls or FRED eor diis las he ra a 51 TU 2 Startime FRED pillola oleole 54 10 2 1 Flow WIndow ecs alari 54 10 2 2 Description of Flow Window eere 55 10 2 3 C rea
12. Modelling Capability 69 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 The following outline lists the names of all control windows used by AMOC With Simdraw you can visualise their internal structures menu AMOC main window Prelude SelFlow dialog box fips FIPS dialog box simca CASA dialog box rwin PerfAnalysis regulation dialog box statwinl PerfAnalysis global delay dialog box update DeliverCtot dialog box The graphical user interface for FRED is in a separate file located on FRED home directory The name of this file is graphics fred AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 70 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 14 0 AMOC Advanced Features The rest of this paper is intended for the software engineers who will maintain the AMOC Simulator It is written for users who have basic computer skills such as man aging files and using UNIX commands All users are expected to be familiar with Mod sim Simgraphics and Simdraw Be sure to consult documents about those languages 14 1 AMOC Installation Instructions From a tape The following steps outline the installation procedures of AMOC from a tape 1 Create the AMOC home directory The Unix script files that run the software pro vided on the tape assume that the home directory for is under direc tory 2 Set the current directory to AMOC home directory and insert the tape in the tape drive From the UNIX command line type tar xvf
13. UNIX graphical interface called urs_toolset CASA The Computer Aided Slot Allocation is used to enforce the ATFM measures whenever a volume exceeds its projected capacity It assigns the take off time for the flights crossing the congested area by comparing their ETOs Estimated Time Over and the reference time of the available slots An overload can occur at the end of the period of activation if no slot is available The CASA algorithm is a simple heuristic based on the principle of first planned first served PerfAnalysis The Performance Analysis module measures the balance between the needs of airspace users to meet their schedules and the needs of regulators to restrict flow to safely manageable levels This module analyses the impact of a proposed ATFM strategy in terms of total delay throughput deviation regulations redundancy and bunching AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 9 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 DeliverCtot This module is responsible for updating the crossing times of the en route sectors and the times over navaids in the routes of the regulated flights It extracts the new calculated take off times CTOT generated by CASA algorithm into the SelFlow input files traject and crossings files SelFlow The Flight Selector chooses those flights that meet the criteria of selection of one or more of the regulations and writes e the relevant information concerning them in a format readable by CASA
14. Update 10 2 5 Remove a flow To remove a flow the following steps must be respected e from the list box select the flow to be removed e if a CASA regulation is attached to the flow remove it by clicking on Delete CASA button e click on Remove button to destroy the flow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 56 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 10 2 6 Attach CASA regulation to a flow Before trying to attach a CASA regulation to a flow the flow must exist in the list box and be selected After clicking on Edit CASA button the following window is displayed CASA REGULATION Regulation ID EGCCGLO 0000 J 2359 J 44 Add Sb Period Remove Sb Period Update Sb Period Quit If a CASA regulation has been assigned to the flow the window will contain all the information concerning the regulation as it is shown in the above window and all modifications will be automatically saved Otherwise the window will be empty except for the regulation ID start time and end time that are inherited directly from the flow plus a new button Accept Regul Each CASA regulation is identified with aregulation ID which is the same as the flow name anda list of contiguous sub periods with their corresponding capacities Three modes of operations are used e Adding sub periods a sub period is identified by a start time end time and capacity First enter the start end
15. an iteration process is needed The number of iterations before the stability threshold is not known in advance this AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 14 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 number depends on the distribution complexity of the traffic and the reliability of the regulation schema On average the number of iterations is equal to three for an elabo rated regulation schema The loop over can start from step 1 S1 or step 2 S2 depending on the difficulty and the requirement of the study centralised or decentralised flows rerouting AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 15 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 16 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 4 0 How to get the CFMU Data As outlined in the AMOC data diagram the input traffic file to AMOC is an ALL_FLIGHT file which should be processed through ATAC module to get crossings and traject files There are several ways to get the ALL_FLIGHT file for a CFMU operational day 1 From TACT daily archive data At the end of the operational day TACT produces an OPLOG file This file must be processed through the urs_toolset to get the ALL_FLIGHT file 2 You can get the OPLOG or the ALL_FLIGHT file for an operational day by asking the User Requirement Section URS of CFMU 3 There is a databank of ALL FLIGHT files available at the EEC
16. e the hourly distribution of each defined flow To completely describe a regulation one must specify the airspace to be regulated in terms of flows the period of activation and the rate at which flights will be accepted This information is put into several files The period of activation and the rate are put in the Regulations file which is an input to CASA The regulated airspace is specified in several ways depending on the complexity of the resulting flow This description is put in the Flows file which is an input to Sel Flow FRED The Flows and Regulations EDitor is a graphical user interface that allows the creation and update of CASA regulations and their corresponding area flows It is composed of four panels e a panel for defining simple flows e a panel for defining complex flows ie logical operations on flows e a panel for defining CASA regulations a panel for defining the used family of airports ATAC The Airspace Traffic dAta Capture is a data generation tool permitting the crea tion of two input files traject and crossings The CFMU TACT system produces archive data at the end of each operational day These archive data contain valuable information about what happened on that operational day including information about the traffic The ATAC module reads the traffic file to produce SelFlow input files FIPS The Flight Increase Processor Software tool uses DED 4 Traffic Statistics and Forecasts ST
17. flows Once all the above informations is entered click on Add Button to create the opera tion You must be sure that the first and second flow are well defined using the Flows window The creation of a resultant flow is not recursive A resultant flow cannot be used to define another resultant flow 10 4 3 Updating an operation on flows To update an operation the following steps must be respected from the list box select the flow to be updated All the information concerning the flow is displayed in its corresponding boxes e modify the information concerning the selected flow e click on the button Update 10 4 4 Remove an operation on flows To remove an operation the following steps must be respected e first from the list box select the flow to be removed click on Remove button to destroy the flow 10 5 Save a scenario with FRED Once all the flows airport families operations on flows and the CASA regulations have been created you can save your scenario by Typing the name of your scenario on the text box scenario e Clicking on the save Button If your scenario already exists a window will be displayed to ask you if you want to overwrite or rename it 10 6 Load a scenario with FRED Scenarios can be loaded into FRED and edited To do this type the name of the sce nario in the scenario text box and click on load Button AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 61 E
18. iterative This incremental and iterative nature is evident in the process of elaborating a complete and cohesive ATFM strategy because of the strong coupling between regulations Because of this complexity in the flows network it is not evident to know in advance the number of iterations to converge toward an acceptable ATFM Scheme As experi ence accumulates it turns out that the convergence toward the threshold of stability is around 3 iterations AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 11 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 12 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 3 0 Using AMOC Simple steps This section outlines how AMOC could be used quickly 3 1 S0 Data Collection One of the most important and time consuming tasks in applying the ATFM Simulator System AMOC is acquiring accurate and timely data Our data provider is the CFMU As outlined earlier in this report several data sources are available at the CFMU and can be converted to a specific and unique format called ALL_FLIGHT The acquisition of this file is the starting point of the AMOC utilisation This file contains valuable information about the flight pattern i e flight callsign departure and arrival airports the list of overflown fixes and the list of crossing sectors etc This format will be dis cussed further later Three files are necessary to start a simulation with
19. list of concerned regulations format A list of concerned regulations has the following format lt regulation_reference gt It is the name of the crossed regulation estimated time over It is of the type YYMMDDhhmmss gt actual time over It is of the type YYMMDDhhmmss exempted flag It is a boolean flag and takes F or T value Note YY the year in 2 digits MM the month in 2 digits DD the day in 2 digits hh is the hour in 2 digits mm is the minutes in 2 digits ss the seconds in 2 digits Overleaf it is a description of the list of concerned regulations In this example the concerned regulations are rUGW and rUH which protects respectively the sector UGW and UH AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 24 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 rUGW 970205100000 nil F rUH 970205103000 nil F 6 0 4 CASA regulations file A regulation definition must have the following format local construct variable name lt regulation gt The local construct will create a local regulation i e the regulation is created in the memory but it is not stored in the database and will put this local regulation in the var iable named variable name The format for regulation is explained below via an example rUGW regulation name TFrUGW traffic volume name 0770204200000 process start time 970205060000 970205 180000 regulation p
20. of radio buttons Radio buttons receive YES NO input which is mutually exclusive among the list of radio buttons lt gt Radio Button 1 Radio Button 2 lt gt Radio Button 3 10 2 Starting FRED FRED is started by executing the program fred After initialisation three windows displayed Flows Airports Families and Flows Operations windows are initially empty 10 2 1 Flows Window Flows and Regulations Editor FRED EDUU EGITACC EHAA Ecce LECB LBWR LFFFE LFFFW LFEE LFBB LFMM LGGG I Add Remove Update Delete CASA scenario 199 q Save Return from FRED AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 54 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 The Flows window holds flows being created or loaded from a previously saved sce nario New flows can be constructed in the create mode by entering the information in the appropriate boxes and clicking the button Add to insert the flow in the list of flows e In the select mode the information concerning the selected flow is displayed in the corresponding box A selected flow can be updated removed and CASA regula tions can be assigned or cancelled from selected flows When all the flows and regulations are entered with FRED the scenario can be saved information about the scenario can be printed or displayed eg number of flows number of flows operations number of Airports Families and number of CASA regula
21. on The Computer Aided Route Allocation Tools CARAT is an optimisation rerouting tool which is under development at EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre Its responsibilty is to reduce the ATC overload by modifying the itineraries of some flights without introducing any extra delays for those flights CARAT will be placed upstream downstream of the Computer Aided Slot Allocation CASA For the testing and validation of CARAT algorithm a test bed environment is needed Many possibilities are open Build an interface with TACT System This is the best solution for the test and the validation of the CARAT algorithm because CARAT will be part of TACT and TACT already contains existing services needed by CARAT But it s a costly option because it involves the acquisition of a new full version of TACT with source code support from TACT team and mastering of the TACT code According to TACT project leader it takes more than 6 months to master TACT code and configuration This alternative will impose severe limitations to CARAT design and introduce delay in the CARAT deliv ery Plug and Play Model For the time being the above solution is not realisable in the immediat short term at the EEC We are unable to master a complex system as TACT it s better to deal instead with a more generalised model This option has a lot of advan tages e It gives maximum freedom for testing CARAT without being dependent on a spe cific environment e It simplifi
22. on Remove button to destroy the family 10 4 Flows Operations window The flows operation window holds operations on flows under construction or loaded from a previously saved scenario Two modes of operations are used creating and selecting A flow can be created from two previously created flows and its type of operation specified Three operations are used Exclusive Inclusive and And operations see SelFlow section for explanation AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 59 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 A selected flow can be updated or removed Flows Logical Operations Flow Name L GATGLO Flow 1 L GAT B Inclusive Flow 2 LGAT2 Exclusive And LEMDGLO LEPAGLO Edit CASA EBBRGLO EDDBGLO EDDFGLO EDDHGLO EDDIGLO a is Add Remove Update 10 4 1 Description of the flows logical operations window This window allows an operation on a flow to be edited 1 Flow Name A text box to specify the name of the resultant flow 2 Flowl A text box to specify the name of the first flow 3 Flow2 A text box to specify the name of the second flow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 60 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 4 Radio Box This Radio Box allows you to specify the type of the operation between the first and second flow to produce the resultant flow see SelFlow Inclusive Exclusive e And 10 4 2 Creating an operation on
23. our most challenging problems In this context The ATFM simulator is developed to simulate a wide range of ATC and ATFM functions which can be applied to carry out studies The simulator can be used to identify the bottlenecks in a defined airspace organisa tion e The simulator can be used to carry out a deep analysis of the CFMU operations strategic and pre tactical phases and evaluate proposed solutions e The simulator can be used to evaluate new alternative ATFM strategies and evaluate new approaches to adopt in case of TACT CASA System failure Preparation of contingency plans e The simulator can be used to validate the application of optimisation techniques operations research constraint based approach to reduce system wide delays and congestion AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 85 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 86 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE AO AMOC ARC ATC ATFM CASA CFMU COFEE CTOT ECAC EEC ENV EOBT ETO ETOT FAA FAP FDR FIPS FPL FRED HMI ICAO IFPS IFR IPEAS NASPAC PFD RPL SAM SIP SIT TACT EEC NOTE No 28 97 GLOSSARY Aircraft Operator ATFM Modelling Capability CFMU Archive system Air Traffic Control Air Traffic Flow Management Computer Assisted Slot Allocation Central Flow Management Unit Checked Operational data FEEder Calculated Take Off Time European Civil Aviation Confe
24. regulated parts of the airspace IMPORTANT If all the sectors were regulated then there is no need to run DeliverCtot because CASA takes care of smoothing the traffic in all the protected area IMPORTANT The new extension is equal to extension update If the original traffic files are crossings 1996 and traject 1996 then the new updated traffic files are crossings 1996 update and traject 1996 update 8 4 How DeliverCtot processes DeliverCtot reads from temp file the delays generated by CASA and uses the aircraft id and leg id extracted from this file to find the flight to which the delay must be injected The DeliverCtot changes the times in flight header and course points and outputs the updates into two new traffic files crossings originalextension update and tra ject originalextension update AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 46 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 9 0 PerfAnalysis Performance analysis PerfAnalysis module is developed to extract key output met rics from CASA reports This module measures the performance of ATFM strategies applied on a defined traffic with a defined airspace configuration in terms of e Total Ground Delay e Average regulated flights Average constrained flights Maximum delay e Number of regulated flights e Number of constrained flights Number of flights with delay greater than one hour e Number of flights with delay between half an hour and on
25. which consists of the name of the family the number of the elements of the family and the name of each element of the family in the rest of the line Note It s better to generate the Flows file with Fred tool It is a graphical user interface that allows the creation of the flows and their corresponding regulations The use of Fred will be explained later 7 4 1 Centralised flows A flow is defined as a centralised flow when upstream and downstream elements are defined as a whole world and the volume is not present at all or constructed only with sectors This definition is generalised even to specialised upstream downstream 7 4 2 Decentralised flows A flow is defined as a decentralised flow when the volume contains at least one fix 7 4 3 Operations on Flows The discussions with the regulators about flows brought three set of operations stated under the classical form of propositional logic OR operation It consists of summation of all flights belonging to the two flows AND operation It consists of selecting only the flights belonging to both flows it s important when only a flow over a segment of routes or a flow crossing a sector and overflying a fix 1s in the interest Excluding operation It consists of excluding from one flow another flow Only the flights belonging to the first flow and not to the second remain It s important when we want a specified flow crossing a protected volume to be freeflow AMOC A
26. 0 flights from the intermidiate itineraries file and for each extracted flight a departure time is assigned randomly within the opera tional day e The Fast Insertion Routes and Sectors Tool FIRST uses the aircraft id to assign a four dimensional trajectory and a list of en route sectors to each extra flight The times are the original times over resources plus the difference between the randomly assigned ETOT and the original ETOT The Flight Increase Processor Software FIPS is a C shell script that controls the exe cution of the three separate tools The following flow data diagram describes the way FIPS generates additional flights from the DED4 figures and the original traffic files 12 4 Running FIPS From the AMOC main window e Select the menu item Flight Increase Processor from the Run menu n the window that appears click and enter the name of the traffic scenario to be increased Enter the name of the STATFOR file containing the DED4 growth forecast Click the Ok button to activate the FIPS or Cancel button to close the window AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 67 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 68 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 13 0 The graphical User Interface of AMOC The graphical user interface for AMOC consists of a series of dialogue boxes and menus From the AMOC main window all the AM
27. 4 You can access the ALL FLIGHT files from the EEC robot 5 There is a progressing project called COFEE at the EEC aiming at providing a unique format file to all the EEC simulators This tool will generate not only a traffic data but also an environment data from the ARC data available at the CFMU AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 17 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONNALY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 18 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 5 0 AMOC user tools As shown in the data flow diagram the AMOC simulator has a structure of cooperative modules Each module has its own environment and performs a specific task They exchange information to present a complete and cohesive system The design decision was to minimise the tremendous amount of cross coupling among the components and twisted flows of control which would otherwise threaten the reliability and integrity of the AMOC and certainly obscure the overall clarity of the system The goal in designing and connecting individual software modules is to balance the three goals of simplicity consistency and efficiency The design pieces resulting from this approach represent a tighter coupling of data and functionality leading to flexibility in the sense of swift adaptability to changes in problem specifications This section describes the components that built the AMOC simulator The most important part of the sim
28. AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 40 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Data Record 2 Airports Information This record is repeated Number of legs time It describes the departure and arrival airports plus the time of departure and arrival and the ground delay incurred by the flight It is slightly different from the Data Record 2 describe in the traject file Column Format Contents 1 5 Alpha flight ID 6 9 Alpha Departure Airport 12 15 Integer Departure time in minute 16 19 Alpha Arrival Aiport 22 25 Integer Arrival time in minute 29 30 Integer Delay in minute 33 35 Integer Azimuth 36 Char Direction 37 38 Integer Number of crossed sectors Data Record 3 Sectors Information This record describes the en route sectors This record is repeated Number_of_crossed_sectors time Column Format Contents 1 2 Alpha Always SC 3 8 Alpha Sector name 9 14 Real Estimated Time Over in minute 16 20 Real Flying time in the sector in minute 22 26 Real Flying time to the next sector or ades 7 8 3 Processing SelFlow reads the traffic file into memory and compares each flight to the appropriate flow then either stores the flight in the output file in a format readable by CASA or dis cards it A flight belongs to a flow only if e the departure airports is in the list of the departure families AND does not belong to the list of the departure exceptions AND e the arrival airports is in the list of the arrival f
29. ATFOR to generate new flight plans to simulate an operational day in the future The STATFOR is a flow based traffic growth With the FIPS tool you don t need to run ATAC because FIPS as shown in the above figure works directly on crossings and traject files STAIR The Software for CFMU Traffic Analysis and Increase pRocessing is an other tool to generate additional flights directly from the ALL FLIGHT file The output of this module is an ALL FLIGHT file containing the original file plus the extra flights AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 10 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 FAME The FAst Modifier Environment is a software tool to enforce the changes in the environment Routes or sectors It allows the assignment of new routes to certain flights or modification of an old set of sectorisation to a new one The way FAME will process is simple and can be summarized as follow e Ifthe changes affect the sectorisation FAMEsec will recalculate the sectors time piercing without modifying the 4D trajectories of the flights crossing these sectors e Ifthe changes affect routes or both routes then FAMErte will recalculate the profiles and sectors time piercing for only those flights affected by the change in the envi ronment 2 6 The Incremental and Iterative Nature of AMOC The process of building an acceptable ATFM strategy for smoothing traffic in con gested areas without causing an excessive delay is incremental and
30. Analysis regulation dialog box RegDelayDialogObj statwinl PerfAnalysis global delay dialog box scDelayDialogObj update DeliverCtot dialog box DeliverCtotDialogObj 14 8 4 Actions Each dialogue box executes a C shell script an executable code through a system call or directly calls a function from within the GUI code The following outlines the action taken when validating a dialog box A runcasa runcasa is a C shell script that takes two arguments runcasa casa database server casa scenario AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 78 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Where lt casa database server gt is the server containing CASA database and lt casa sce nario gt is the directory without pathname containing CASA regulations files traffic volume file and CASA services call file B DeliverCtot deliverCtot is a C shell script It takes three arguments deliverCtot lt traffic extension gt lt casa scenario gt lt casa server gt Where lt traffic extension gt identifies the crossings and traject extensions lt casa sce nario gt is the directory without pathname containing CASA regulations files traffic volume file and CASA services call file and lt casa server gt is the CASA host server bin sh if f net 3 users casa casa07 2 temp then echo scenario 1 does no exist or not run yet exit 2 fi temp net 3 users casa casa07 2 temp egrep UPDATE_CTOT temp
31. EUROPEAN ORGANISATION FOR THE SAFETY OF AIR NAVIGATION I EUROCONTROL EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE ATFM MODELLING CAPABILITY AMOC EEC Note No 28 97 EEC Task E02 EATCHIP Task CFMU Issued December 1997 The information contained in this document is the property of the EUROCONTROL Agency and no part should be reproduced in any form without the Agency s permission The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Agency REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Reference Security Classification EEC Note No 28 97 unclassified PUES Originator Corporate author Name Location Flight Data Research E cane Experimental Centre 91222 Br tigny sur Orge CEDEX FRANCE Telephone 33 0 1 69 88 75 00 Sponsor Sponsor Contract Authority Name Location Director CFMU Central Flow Management Unit 96 rue de la fus e B 1130 Brussels BELGIUM Telephone 32 2 729 90 11 Title ATFM Modelling Capability AMOC Authors Date Pages Figs Annexes Ref A TIBICHTE M DALICHAMPT 12 97 x 89 EATCHIP Task EECTaskNo Sponsor Task No Period specification E02 E02 1997 CFMU Distribution Statement a Controlled by Head FDR b Special Limitations if any None c Copy to NTIS YES NO Descriptors keywords ATFM AMOC NASPAC CFMU CASA Simulator CARAT Abstract This document gives a detaile
32. LE SERVER textbox enter the name of the host machine where the CASA Oracle Database is installed e Click onto the Ok button to activate the execution of CASA or the Cancel button to close the window without running CASA When CASA is running the window is closed and all the information about the status of CASA execution is displayed on the hpterm window from where you launched AMOC Once CASA finishes its execution the window appears again Click onto the Cancel button to get rid of it 6 0 3 CASA input files CASA mode SIMCA takes three files as input data files Multiple versions of these files are maintained to describe differents ATFM strategies The Traffic Volume file This is the input file generated by SelFlow to CASA Each line is a message to CASA identifying the flight callsign take Off time list of regula tions names and their corresponding time over In the real world the CFMU TACT system receives its input from STRAT flight data known long in advance and IFPS flight data known at the day of the take off or the day before The TACT System AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 22 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 compares air traffic demand with ATC capacities Whenever demand is projected to exceed capacities TACT selects flights and sends them to CASA In our study here at the EEC the data supplier is SelFlow The file is a sequence of line of the following format change flight da
33. OC modules can be activated and run through their own dialogue boxes as explained in the previous sections The AMOC GUI is coded with Simgraphics The look and feel is of X11 Motif All the code of AMOC GUI is on the files DGui mod and IGui mod The Gui mod ule loads the control windows from a file called graphics amoc located in the bin directory To edit the AMOC GUI file you can use Simdraw The process of editing is as fol lows Change the current working directory to bin directory where the graphics amoc file is kept Type the following command simdraw From the file menu click onto the menu item load The following window will appear Prelude fips menu rwein simca statwint1 OE Library File graphics amo d Load library Load object s Return from load On the Library Files type graphics amoc and click the Load library button The names of all the control windows comprising AMOC will be displayed on the scrolling list You can load any AMOC control window by clicking on the scrolling list window and afterwards on the Load object button e Once a control window is loaded you can click onto the menu item detail from the Edit menu in order to display the internal structure of this control window The purpose of this section is not to give a full description of Simdraw You can consult Simgraphics users manual to fully understand how Simdraw works AMOC ATFM
34. TFM Modelling Capability 37 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 5 Volume A volume is built from a fix or sector s The volume is defined by a single name It could be the name of a fix an elementary sector or an alias If an alias is used you must define it into the alias file unless it s already done If a fix is used you must define it in the fix file Here is a description of the way the volume can be defined e Fix The location of a point is defined by its latitude and longitude and by the part of airspace enclosed between the base altitude and ceiling altitude Sectors The only information needed is the sector name The sector can be the name of an elementary sector or an alias In this case it should be defined in the aliases file Example We want to define a flow comprising traffic crossing the sectors UA US UGI UG2 UG3 UWI UW2 First we have to define an alias UGWS which is the parent to all the above elementary sectors This definition will be put in the alias file sec grp The resulting volume which will be used in the definition of the flow is UGWS 7 6 Flow Period A flow period is the interval during which the flights belonging to that flow are extracted The extraction is based on the following criteria e if the volume is present a flight is considered to belong to the flow when its depar ture airport belongs to the flow upstream and its arrival airport belongs to the flow downst
35. TFM Modelling Capability 74 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 14 5 CASA src There is a virtual link to the location where CASA executable files and scenarios are located This link must be updated each time the CASA host server changes 14 6 FRED src The FRED code is located on the FRED directory under the AMOC directory The con tents of this directory are described below DFRE mod IFRE mod They represent the definition and implemenatation module of FRED Mfred mod This is the main module graphics fred This is the GUI of fred You can edit it with Simdraw utility DOS mod IOS mod OS c These are the interface to C routines 14 7 com directory The com directory contains script used to start DeliverCtot FIPS and CASA AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 75 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE 14 8 Graphical User Interface Logical Structure EEC NOTE No 28 97 The graphical user interface for AMOC consists of a series of dialogue boxes and menus From the AMOC main window all the AMOC modules can be activated and run through their own dialogue boxes as explained in the previous sections The GUI is coded with Simgraphics The look and feel is of X11 Motif The following diagramoutlines the functional and hierarchical organisation of the menus Menu Items Dialogue Boxes Actions ATAC CASA DeliverCtot Fame Fred FIPS PerfAnalysis SelFlow ATAC
36. The full code of SelFlow module is encompassed in the object StartUpDialogObj The method that starts SelFlow is triggerSelFlow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 80 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 15 0 as a host test bed for CARAT The main objective of the CFMU is to make the best use of the available capacity without any increase to controller workload Several alternatives can be used to cope with the problem e One alternative is by providing departure slots with regard to the companies sched ules This alternative is an effective but costly means of maintaining traffic flows within limits causing considerable disruptions in airline schedules and the appear ance of overload peaks in the en route sectors The other solution is the dynamic rerouting in response to identified imbalances between demand and capacity Technically the solution implies the computation of which flights are to be rerouted in order to minimize a cost function while satisfy ing the constraint not to exceed sector capacities A key abstraction in this problem is the definition of what is the cost Actually there are several different kinds of cost Anything that affects the airlines schedules and the complexity of managing the airspace must be measured and so we must include the length of the new itiner aries pilots manoeuvres zigzag routes the controllers workload several entrance exit into the same sectors and so
37. UROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 10 7 Information about a current scenario FRED allows you to know the number of flows airport families operation on flows and the attached CASA regulation Simply click on the info Button 10 8 Exiting FRED Selecting Return from FRED Button exits FRED Any objects which have not been saved will not be lost FRED will ask you if you want to save them or not AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 62 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 11 0 ATAC Airspace Traffic dAta Capture 11 1 Objective The Airspace Traffic dAta Capture ATAC is a data generation tool permitting the cre ation of crossings and traject files from the CFMU traffic TACT oplog file URS_TOOL ALL_FLIGHT country code eqpmcats fix locations ATAC crossings traject file file FIGURE 2 ATAC Data Flow Diagram 11 2 ATAC Module The ATAC module is used to process the ALL_FLIGHT file for a specified operational day and produces files used by SelFlow crossings and traject files 11 2 1 Output files 1 crossings lt suffix gt This file contains the scheduled flight plans of the simulated day For each flight a description of the en route sectors used is given A full description AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 63 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 of this file is given in the SelFlow section 2 traject lt suffix gt
38. XPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 44 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 8 0 DeliverCtot The output of CASA is a very large trace file that contains valuable information This information concerns the creation of the regulation the allocation of slot for each flight and all the updates The purpose of DeliverCtot is to extract the calculated take off times CTOT from this file and inject them into traject and crossings files It stands downstream from CASA and upstream from SelFlow 8 1 Running DeliverCtot The first thing you may be required to do is to run AMOC if it is not yet done Once the AMOC main window appears on the top left corner of your screen CASA Scenario H 996 CASA SERVER mahl er Traffic Scenario 1 994 e Select the menu item DeliverCtot from the Run menu e Enter the CASA Server By default the casa server is mahler and you should mod ify it if the CASA executable files and scenarios are placed elsewhere e In the window that appears click and enter the name of the CASA scenario and the extension for the traffic file traject and crossings files to be updated e Click onto the Ok button to activate the execution of DeliverCtot or Cancel button to close the window without running DeliverCtot When DeliverCtot is running the window is closed and all the information about the status of DeliverCtot execution is di
39. a tions by using the same profile and sectors pierced as the CFMU Thus the studies performed were as close as possible to the CFMU operations AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 7 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 2 4 AMOC STRUCTURE SPORT STANLY LATCC MADAP archives The CFMU URS_TOOLSET STAIR ALL FLIGHT Airports amp fix 1 location forecast New sectors js 4D FAMErte Profiles Sector crossings x location SelFlow aliases gt Flows Flows Traffic throughput Volume EC CASA p CASA script ISA AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 8 New routes Environment DeliverCtot FRED PerfAnalysis EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 The previous figure depicts the high level architecture of the AMOC Simulator Few standalone modules interact with each other to provide the basic services that will be described later AMOC is viewed as a set of hierarchical components collaborating through their interfaces This document does not address the details about the internal representation of the components The above diagram provides a schematic representation of AMOC From this diagram we can conclude that it is simple clean and uncluttered This hierarchic structure is a major facilitating factor allowing users to focus their attention on the data flow
40. alea 63 LEO Input less ola atrata 64 12 0 Flight Increase Processor Software e eeee ecce eerte eee 64 12 1 Anput files area URDU I RR RASA EI ER Na ts EID 65 12 2 v OUDUE E 66 12 35 Processi 66 12 4 Runnu g FIPS uaar aaa 67 13 0 The graphical User Interface of AMOC u cccscccsssscssssccssseccssssccssssscsscees 69 14 0 AMOC Advanced Features o iasiscssecsscssccscisnecacsseccscatsscaeseandeneeassscacessseaseassantoee 71 14 1 AMOC Installation Instructions From tape 71 14 2 Installations Instructions From a tar 72 14 3 Ditectory Descriptions 73 TAA sicure rata D OE 74 flessioni 74 14 4 2 DelyerCtot Des es 74 144 3 FIPS code fllesusss diee deris ee a Ue deco ide 74 14 4 4 Perf Analysis 0 urlare 74 14d EE Ea oI E oret e pia 75 14 6 FRED S06 ees 75 T T coni directo y siria lee Lie 75 14 8 Graphical User Interface Logical Structure n 76 ist Nanna TI 14 8 2 Menu Ttems iolanda alli 77 14 8 3 Dialog etre rea 77 14 84 PCOS e litio iaia 78 15 0 as a host test bed for 81 15 1 Why restructuring AMOC iano 82 I5 2 Disiribut
41. amilies AND does not belong to the list of arrival exceptions AND e there is a common airspace between the list of fixes or sectors crossed by the flights and the flow volume AND the expected time over the common airspace is after the start time and before the stop time of the flow For reasons related to the inability of the CASA version 1 4 to deal with the collapsed sectors the start time of each flow is adjusted to 1 hour before flow start time and the stop time one hour after flow stop time automatically by SelFlow You should also remember that the maximum of the regulations one flight can be sub ject to is limited to 10 regulations in CASA mode Simca and 15 in CASA mode TACOT AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 41 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 9 Statistics SelFlow generates hourly statistics about all the defined flows These statistics are used later to determine for which period of the day a flow needs to be regulated The statis tics are not limited to elementary sectors but are extended to any kind of volumes Departure airports Departure Arrival airports Family of departure arrival airports Segment of a route Navaids Groups of sectors Example Below are hourly statistics for global movement departures and arrivals in some European airports 66 99 The field separator is colon thus you can process the statistics file with Excel for producing charts F
42. and decentralised flows e Formatting Phase SelFlow formats information about flights under regulations into file for use by CASA e Statistic Phase SelFlow generates statistics demand for all defined flows along their lifetime AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 31 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 1 Mode Of SelFlow Use The first thing you may be required to do is to run AMOC if it is not yet done Once the AMOC di window appears on the top left corner of your screen SelFlow Up Down Streams file DEM HII Et CFMU Aerodromes file Day of Simulation Output file NASPAC Scenario Ok Pause Cancel Select the menu item Selflow from Run menu the Selflow main window will be opened as shown in the figure above In this window you are able to set up the input files for Selflow These include the following The traffic scenario corresponds to the extension name for traject and crossings files The Up Down Streams correspond to the file containing the definition of the specified flows The DFM button enables you to run a simulation with protection over fixes You should turn it on only when fixes are taken into account in the regulation scheme Once this button is selected you must enter the name of the file containing the name of protected fixes andthe minimum and maximum levels which apply to an overflying flight subject to this regulation The CFMU button
43. and the way the data are manufactured to achieve a given strategy Each module can be refined independently or replaced entirely by new software without affecting the AMOC architectrure it is the principle of plug and play Each module and its individual input and output will be described later 2 5 Overview of the role of each AMOC parts It is important to realise that the architecture of AMOC is a function of its component as well as the hierarchic relationships among these components This rule provides a clear separation of responsibilities among the various components of AMOC making it possible to study each part in relative isolation URS TOOLSET One of the most important and time consuming task in a fast time simulation is acquiring accurate and timely data Thanks to the User Requirement Sec tion at the CFMU we can now use an array of data available at the CFMU through their tool called urs toolset The TACT system produces daily archive data at the end of each operational day This archive contains valuable information about flights oper ational events and regulations There are also several sources of data in Europe used at the CFMU The French SPORT system flight data The German STANLY system flight data The English LATCC system flight data e The Maastricht MADAP system flight data All these data are converted to a very specific format called ALL_FLIGHT format The software used for converting these data is a
44. be to completely restructure its compo nents through a set of fine grained co operating processes Each has a well defined behaviour and a limited action in time and space As Dijkstra suggests The technique of mastering complexity has been known since ancient times divide et impera divide and rule In this manner we augment our knowledge about the system interactions and we can easily study each process in isolation The approach adopted is to run all AMOC processes on different machines in a networked environment or in different address spaces or indeed within the same address space All the distributed computing AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 82 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 supports all the outline mechanisms allowing the co location of all the processes in the same address or keep them separate AMOC must be able to take the adequate action when the network is down or the dedicated machines are occupied by switching to a local execution In practical terms this means that in the scarcity of the network resources a collocation of all AMOC processes in the same machine must be adopted automatically 15 3 processes The following list contains the complete set of processes and the identified relationship between them The profiler process takes a route set of consecutive fixes a flight category and a set of vertical restrictions and produces a 4D trajectory e The crossings pr
45. d be produced for a defined regula tion If the lt boolean gt flag is True T a report is generated for the regulation and the ouput file is lt file_name gt If the lt boolean gt flag is False F no report is generated In AMOC context the report service is called for all regulations with the lt boolean gt flag set to T An example of a CASA script is described below trace T F continue_on_error F auto_end_of list T initialise T 970201200000 set_server call rUGW 1997 call regul rUH 1997 create TUGW _ if it is not already done in make rUGW 1997 create rUH If it is not already done in make regul rUH 1997 file time control 970201235900 5 start test AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 28 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE execute test 1 done call make_flights el report rUGW T reportUGW 1997 report rUH T reportUH 1997 EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 29 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 30 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 0 SelFlow CASA works in passive mode It receives information about flights and the regulations and tries to assign a slot to each flight according to its ETO It does not know in advance which flights to regulate or which flows to be protected Thi
46. d description of the AMOC simulator developed at EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre It is intented for ATFM specialists and software engineers familiar with simulation technology and with a general knowledge of the ATFM concept and the CFMU daily operations However certain areas are adressed to software engineers who will maintain or enhance the AMOC functionality This document has been collated by mechanical means Should there be missing pages please report to Publications Office EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE B P 15 91222 Br tigny Sur Orge CEDEX France EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC Note No 28 97 ATFM MODELLING CAPABILITY AMOC BY A TIBICHTE M DALICHAMPT SUMMARY In July 1992 a potential role for the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre to conduct and support research into current and future ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management systems was identified by the Directors of the EEC and CFMU Central Flow Management Unit Two tools NASPAC National Airspace System Performance Analysis Capability and CASA Computer Assisted Slot Allocation were installed at the EEC and an ATFM simulator AMOC was developed The main objective of this document is to show what kind of studies can be carried out with AMOC e g e Identify bottlenecks in a given airspace organisation e Evaluate the current CFMU operations e Define contingency plans in case of TACT CASA failure e Assess the b
47. data by needs manual intervention to correct flights with errors and to enter the locations of missing fixes and airports 3 3 S2 Sectors Throughput on the Raw Traffic Once the ALL FLIGHT file has ben converted one might run SelFlow to generate the demand for all sectors configuration to get an exact snapshot of what could be hap AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 13 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 pened if no ATFM measures have been adopted during this operational day or to search for an other ATFM strategy that best fit to the traffic pattern and the airlines schedules 3 4 S3 Regulation Scheme Once all the sectors are analysed and the congested ones identified prepare your regu lation scheme to protect overloaded sectors The AMOC Simulator runs a regulation schema based on centralised flows decentralised flows or a mix of both flows It s up to the strategic planner to decide which approach to adopt in order to smooth the traffic The strategic decisions taken at this phase have sweeping implications on the final result The success of the study is dependent on the strategic planner s skill and his ability to deal with the complexity of the traffic network 3 5 S4 Create Regulations and their correspondents flows Run FRED to convert your regulation schema into flows definition input to SelFlow and their corresponding regulations input to CASA FRED also creates a CASA sce nario if it doe
48. e Flows and Regulations EDitor FRED tool is a graphical interface that enables the description of a regulation schema into flows description and their corresponding regu lations Flows and Regulations EDitor FRED is developed to meet the following objectives e simplify the process of creating the flows e offer a way to describe in detail the flows sample definition complex definition by cutting the natural description into the logical operations between flows e enforce the CASA regulations on one or several created flows propagate the flow attributes identifier time period of activation to the attached CASA regulation e tailor the CASA regulations attributes sub periods and their applied hourly rates e save in the appropriate location a newly created scenario load a previously saved scenario and modify it as needed As shown above in the section SelFlow flows and regulations are inter dependent Flows describe the upstream downstream and the controlled zone while CASA regulations enforce the ATFM measures for the flow under considera tion 10 0 1 Purpose of FRED Flows and Regulations EDitor FRED is an interactive display and data generation tool that can be used to create flows and CASA regulations and to generate data files describing flows and regulations The flows and Regulations can be modified if neces sary and fed back into SelFlow and CASA The FRED tool is written in Modsim Object Orien
49. e hour Number of flighs with delay less than 15 minutes e And for each regulation 1 The total delay imposed by that regulation 2 The number of unused slots 3 The number of overloaded slots These key output metrics enable the regulators to choose the ATFM strategy that best fits the traffic and the airspace configuration to adjust the ATFM measures in order to diminish the number of combined flights or to remove the redundant regulations pro tected upstream downstream by others regulations 9 1 Running PerfAnalysis From the AMOC main window Select the menu item Performance Analysis from the Run menu e n the window that appears click and enter the name of the CASA scenario to be analysed e Click onto the Ok button to activate the PerfAnalysis or Cancel button to close the window Once the Ok button is activated all the information concerning the ATFM key meas ures described above is summarized on the window Another window appears that contains information concerning the regulations A simple click on the name of the reg ulation gives the key metrics for the clicked on regulation AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 47 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 scenario s performance metrics Casa Scenario Total Ground Delay Av Regulated flights Av constrained flights Maximum Delay Nb regulated flights Nb constrained flights Nb flights with Delay gt
50. e is already a connection from AMOC to TACOT mode simca e AMOC is areliable tool It was used intensively for the CFMU studies before installing TACOT at the EEC and now it s used successfully for FAP study 15 1 Why restructuring AMOC As outlined earlier we can conclude that AMOC is a good candidate for CARAT test ing However this integration require enhancement and flexibility in the way AMOC works The architecture of AMOC should be adjusted to allow an effective and fast communication between its components For the moment all AMOC components communicate through files An efficient application must minimize the number of steps required to perform an operation must hide the details of processing from the user keeping controls out of the way until they are required then displaying controls based on actions users take that suggest a need for additional information As an example AMOC might automati cally detect overloaded sectors and take actions without any human intervention unless it is suggested otherwise or propose the best sectors configuration adaptable to a defined traffic pattern At the time being the communication between all AMOC com ponents is simpl This is not to say that such system is crude and inelegant but as AMOC gains notoriety through successful studies we can afford to look for new alter natives to make it work properly and efficiently 15 2 Distributing AMOC A far better way to optimize AMOC would
51. eated by filling each box with its corresponding information and clicking on Add button e In the select mode the information concerning the selected family is displayed in the corresponding boxes A selected family can be updated or removed Airports H ALL Add Remove AI Update 10 3 1 Description Of Airport Families window This window allows the airport families to be edited 1 Family Name A text box to specify the name of the airport family 2 NB A text box to specify the number of airports belonging to this family AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 58 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 3 Airports A text box to specify the airports composing the family 10 3 2 Creating an airport family Once the above text boxes have been filled with corresponding information click on Add Button to create the airport family 10 3 3 Updating an airport family To update an airport family the following steps must be respected e Select first from the list box the family to be updated All the informations concern ing the family are displayed in their correspondent boxes modify the information concerning the selected family click on the button Update 10 3 4 Remove an airport family To remove a family the following steps must be respected e Select first from the list box the family to be removed Be sure that this family is not part of a flow scope click
52. ec tors There are three important parts to these requirements dentification of congested area Input of selected flights e Search in space and time of the alternative routes Because of the complexity of the problem to solve and the amount of time calculation it requires we should separate the k short path search algorithm from the mechanism of identifying the bottlenecks and calculating the flights profiles AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 83 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 15 5 Roles and Responsibilities AMOC responsibility The role of AMOC is to provide CARAT with the necessary services in order to work correctly These services will encompass a the identifica tion of congested area by tracking the hourly distribution of the traffic in all the sectors b sending to CARAT the set of flights subject to rerouting and c computation of the profile and sectors piercing individually of the itinerary of each flight submitted by CARAT CARAT responsibility The role of CARAT is the search in space of new flight itiner aries that will minimise the overload CARAT will request from AMOC the calculation of the profile and sectors crossing for each involved flight Synchronisation Agent There is a need for an agent responsible for synchronizing the messages passing between AMOC and CARAT We have found that two kinds of mes sages are of particular interest in this field Display of the congested area
53. enables you to run a simulation with protection over sectors The aerodromes file is the name of the file containing the definition of aerodrome fam ily and the logical operations over flows Day of Simulation corresponds to the operational day being simulated It takes the fol lowing format yymmdd where yy is the year mm is the month and dd is the day AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 32 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Output file corresponds to the name of a file which will contain the output of SelFlow This file will be used by CASA Once all the textboxes contain the values you require you can run SelFlow by clicking onto Ok button or dismiss it by clicking on Cancel button 7 2 Sectors aliases file The grouping of sectors and aliases file contains attributes describing all grouping of sectors including aliases An alias is an abbreviation of a long name or a preferred name to the ICAO one For example French regulator tend to call the sector LFM MCO by the short name CO Also a group of sectors is considered as an alias because the grouping of a set of adjacent sectors is treated as if the resulting area was a single sector with geometric boundaries composed of the outermost external bounda ries of the individual sectors The time of piercing of its boundaries is the time of piercing of the first sector The alias and the grouping of the adjacent sectors mean i
54. enefits of new ATFM strategies slot allocation re routing scheme This note is intended for ATFM specialists and software engineers familiar with simulation technology and with a general knowledge of the CASA algorithm and the CFMU operations Enough detail is included to assist those wishing to understand the overall architecture and functionality of AMOC and those learning the system in order to maintain enhance or simply use AMOC to conduct studies AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC Note No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability vi EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 0 Introduction aaa 1 lil Intended Audience seri eie art rari if 1 2 The Design and Evolution of AMOC seen 2 1 3 What You Need to Run AMQQG eo tes oe p aod En tuia 2 1 4 Validation rara arri 2 1 5 What does AMOC offer riale iero aa 2 Abo t Thi s Mantal c anioni 3 1 7 What You Should Know To Maintain 4 240 AMOCG let LR RO E IO nE 5 ZI m 9 2 2 The Topology of the old AMOC 5 22A Why NASPAC liga liano goa 6 2 2 2 The problems of simulating with NASPAC 6 2 3 The topology of the new AMOC ii 7 DA STRUCTURE top p
55. ent or AMOC Software Design Document AMOC evolved to answer the needs of the specific studies conducted at the Eurocontrol Experimental Centre to sup port the CFMU operations This evolution is a continuous process in response to new problems or requests from ATFM specialists AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 1 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 1 3 What You Need to Run The AMOC system will run on any UNIX workstation that runs X11 server You will need Modsim and Simgraphics running on your workstation or server Simgraphics provides the graphical user interface window system and toolkit necessary to run AMOC and compile AMOC interfaces The UNIX workstation provides the C com piler and linker necessary to compile and link AMOC modules and interfaces 1 4 AMOC validation A validation study of AMOC was conducted in the framework of the FAP Future ATM Profile project in support of the IPEAS Task Force Indicators for the Performance of the European ATM System The validation traffic sample included the entire ECAC zone and was for Friday the 21st of June 1996 22 161 flights The regulation plan was simulated was that applied by the CFMU on that day The following table shows a global comparison between AMOC results and the CFMU delay Analysis for the 21st of June 1996 ref weekly summary 1996 weeks 19 to 26 Do jAMoc report 21706196 Number of flights regulated 7056 6739 Number of flight
56. ents of the system and how those parts are interconnected to provide the overall behaviour of AMOC Os AMOC was based on the existing CFMU programme Computer Aided Slot Alloca tion CASA and the FAA National Airspace Performance Analysis Capability NASPAC EEC NASPAC was modified to be tailored to European airspace caracteris tics and is now known as EuroNaspac The two simulation tools NASPAC and CASA were used in a complementary fashion The two tools working together provided an end to end capability to convert the theoretical concept of a traffic flow rate into spe cific flight by flight effects The SELFLOW and DeliverCtot were responsible for for matting and sending data AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 5 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 2 2 1 Why NASPAC NASPAC reflects the way the FAA approach to congestion which is completely differ ent from the CFMU perspective The FAA is concerned with congestion problems spe cifically around airports while the CFMU is concerned with congestion at any level airports en route sectors This makes the number of the constraints to resolve larger The choice of integrating NASPAC into AMOC was dictated by the following facts 1 There was no available simulator at the time able to deal with data for a large air space such as the ECAC zone and to calculate in reasonable amount of time the flight profile and the sectors
57. eriod of activation F Is flight confirmation needed 15 window width 20 slice width T Is it a temporary regulation note for regulation comments thresholds 60 maximum flight delay 10 maximum flights at the period end slots 30 Slice overload pecentage 35 segment delay 15 unused segment slot percentage 25 segment overload slot percentage AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 25 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 30 time band equity a list of subperiods The 3 inner elements period normal rate pending rate can be repeated 970205060000 970205 180000 10 2 a list of timeband width to have a correct regulation last element must be gt 1440 120 180 2000 a list of timeband allowance subperiods The 2 inner elements period allow ances can be repeated the normal rate percentage pending rate percentage must be repeated for each timeband width 970205060000 970502180000 34 34 33 33 33 33 a list of supplementary subperiods Note list can be nil the 2 inner elements period supple mentary rates can be repeated nil AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 26 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 6 0 5 CASA Script file The script file is a text based file It contains a set of service calls that will be routed to the regulation package in order to perfo
58. es the design and integration process of CARAT because it separates the essential behaviour of CARAT from the test bed and concentrates the intention in the integration process only on the outside view of CARAT This behaviour integra tion separation will limit the side effects inherent to the interface implementation AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 81 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 From the above observation CARAT design should be achieved through an independ ent architecture from the host test bed environment The conceptual boundaries separa tion facilitates the interaction between CARAT and any eligible model through a well defined collection of services and eliminates the possibility of breaking the internal implementation of CARAT each time the host changes If we stick to a conceptual design independent from any host we re going to gain more freedom and flexibility in testing and experimenting with CARAT and we can even power up other simulators available at the EEC with the rerouting facility by applying the plug and play mecha nism Lots of hosts at the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre are candidates for CARAT testing but at the time being we are interested only in AMOC This choice is dictated by the following reasons AMOC is primarily based on CASA as one of its more important components CARAT will be placed upstream downstream of CASA e AMOC has a similar behaviour as TACOT Ther
59. ference between the observed throughput and the declared capacity AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 89
60. g onto the machine host where amoc is installed e setup the display environment by typing export DISPLAY your_display 0 0 then type amoc AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 20 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 6 0 CASA Clearly CASA is the most important element of the AMOC Its responsibilty is to smooth the traffic in the protected area without underutilising the global capacity The CASA algorithm is a simple heuristic based on the principle of the first planned first served But this principle is not always respected because of the tight coupling among the constraints 6 0 1 Description of CASA algorithm For each regulated point area or aerodrome CASA constructs and administers a list of slots called the slot allocation list A regulation may be divided into sub periods each sub period being assigned a rate CASA uses these items initially to construct an empty slot allocation list For instance a four hour sub period associated with a basic rate of 28 flights per hour would result in a slot allocation list made up of 112 slots separated from one another by approximately 2 minutes Each flight is given a provisional slot based on the order of its Estimated Time Over ETO the restricted area and the reference time of the closest slot This initial reserva tion is internal to the system and is subject to amendment When CASA receives new flight data it tries to pre allocate the slot that best fits the re
61. gical operations paragraph is of the following form nb of flows FLOW12 FLOW1 op FLOW2 FLOWij FLOWi op FLOWj 1 lt nb_of_flows gt is the number of the logical operations on flows This number must be written just after the families paragraph without any blank line If no logical opera tions are specified you must write 0 meaning zero operation 2 There is a line for the definition of each operation it consists of fields separated with blanks 2 1 The first field is the name of the resulting flow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 34 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 2 2 The second field is the mathematical equal sign 2 2 The third and the fifth fields are the name of flows defined in the flows file explained in the next section 2 3 the fourth field is the identifier of the used operation There are 3 kinds of opera tions for the OR operation amp for AND operation and for the excluding operation Examples Examplel Suppose that we are interested only in the traffic flowing between two adja cent fixes fix A and fix B In the flows file you must define two flows the flow overflying fix A and another flow overflying fix B Once these two flows have been defined you must define the resulting flow from flowA and flowB as flowAB flowA amp flowB This means that SelFlow will first extract the traffic subject to flowA and traffic subject to flowB and afterwards it will kee
62. have caused increasing congestion and delay in European airspace The Central Flow Management Unit CFMU continually seeks and develops methods to improve traffic flow management on an European scale to reduce delay and congestion As part of this effort the CFMU tasked the Eurocon trol Experimental Centre EEC with assessing new ATFM alternatives to generate better flow management strategies than those used currently The EEC tackled the develop ment of an ATFM simulator to experiment with new ways to resolve the problem of the European airspace congestion The EEC ATFM simulator was born and through suc cessive attempts to make it better a final version of this simulator was shaped in the form of AMOC The ATFM MOdelling Capability AMOCwas designed to provide a test bed for a wide spectrum of studies It helps the executive planners and managers to address issues related to the airspace overload the evaluation of a new ATFM strategy and the improvement of current or future operations AMOC is a collection of software that converts information concerning the structure of and demand for an airspace into measurements of performance of the system AMOC is primarily based on the existing CFMU Computer Aided Slot Allocation CASA CASA was incorporated as a fundamental component 2 2 The topology of the old AMOC E SELFLOW Br DeliverCtot S By topology we mean the basic physical building compon
63. ify possible redundancies or worse inconsistent duplications of effort The longer term research is broad in scope Ground delays are an effective but costly means of maintaining traffic flows within limits causing considerable disruptions to airlines schedules Research using the simulation capability might identify opportu nities for improved efficiency in regulation by applying more sophisticated opera tions research techniques than those currently applied Other tactics such as dynamic rerouting in response to identified imbalances between demand and capacity are also possible Investigation of such possibilities may benefit the airlines companies and passengers A centre of expertise was formed at EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre to imple ment the above recommendations and to conduct studies on behalf of the Central Flow Management Unit CFMU 1 1 Intended Audience This manual is intended for the EEC ATFM specialists and software engineers familiar with simulation technology having a general knowledge of the CASA algorithm and the CFMU daily operations Enough detail is included to assist persons wishing to understand the overall architecture and functionality of the AMOC system and serves as effective step in learning the system for those who will maintain enhance or simply use AMOC to conduct studies 1 2 The Design and Evolution of AMOC There never was an AMOC User Requirement Document AMOC Software Require ment Docum
64. in a form to be defined later and the ability to select from the congested area those flights subject to rerouting and to send them to CARAT Display and validation of the new routes The implementation of such agent could be provided as a process to process message transfer files configuration or both through switch command i AGENT j o fel 3 CARAT MMI lt Y 1 AMOC sends all the congested areas flights with routes and list of en route sec tors via the software bus to the MMI 2 The MMI allows the user to display those congested areas in the shape of icons The icon that represents each congested area may be selected When clicked on the icon displays all the flights related to the area and allows the user to select some of them for rerouting 3 CARAT will search for new itineraries for the selected flights 4 and send them to in a what if reque AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 84 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 16 0 ATFM Simulator capability 16 1 What do we offer Scientific research and engineering development related to the ATFM are relying increasingly on computational simulation to augment theoretical analysis experimen tation and testing Many of ATC and ATFM problems are far too complex to yield to mathematical analyses Simulations play an even greater role in providing solutions to
65. including this one If you re new to and the ATFM simulations you should finish reading this intro duction and then go to chapter two It shows you the AMOC structure and describes briefly its components Chapter Three Gives simple steps to guide you in conducting an ATFM study with AMOC Chapter Four Gives you valuable information in obtaining the CFMU data necessary to start a simulation Chapter Five describes the AMOC main window from which you can run any AMOC component Chapter Six Describes the CASA algorithm the input and output files format the CASA services call and how to run CASA from AMOC main window Chapter Seven Gives a short overview about the centralised and decentralised strate gies the SelFlow input and output files and how to run SelFlow Chapter Eight Describes DeliverCtot and gives the format of its input files Chapter Nine Shows how to use PerfAnalysis module to analyse the key performance measures of an ATFM strategy Chapter Ten Contains valuable information about FRED tool and how to use its four panels windows to create and update regulations and their correspondents flows Chapter Eleven Describes the ATAC module responsible for formatting the CFMU traffic data Chapter Twelve Describes the Flight Increase Processor Software which generates additional flights demand for simulation studies Chapter Thirteen Describes the physical structures of AMOC directories and their content
66. ine AMOG os n oce colo ide or ite iu ia 82 15 3 AMOG DEOGESSES pode f I dad ctu tti le dede 83 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability NTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 15 4 The approach proposed canarini e ERR 83 15 5 Roles and Responsibilities e doppi vetet 84 16 0 ATFM Simulator s capability eee e ecce ee eene eren ee eene eee 87 164 Whatdo we ahead 87 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability IH EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 1 0 Introduction In July 1992 a potential role for the EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre EEC to conduct and support research into current and future air traffic flow management ATFM systems was identified by the directors of CFMU the Central Flow Manage ment Unit and the EEC The long term purpose of the research was to define and vali date new flow management concepts Two areas of short term study and research were identified e Evaluation and improvement of the Pretactical ATFM operations This include the identification of over regulated or under regulated sectors and analysis to sug gest new solutions to maintain traffic within the declared capacities without any excessive delays e Evaluation and improvement of the Tactical ATFM system This include the analy sis of current ATFM measures to assess their effectiveness and delay costs an assessment of multiple restrictions on a single traffic flow to ident
67. ing its GUI internal presentation To edit the AMOC dialogue boxes internal presentation you can use Simdraw The process of editing is as follows e Change the current working directory to bin directory where the graphics amoc file is kept Type the following command simdraw AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability TI EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 From the file menu click onto the menu item load This window will appear Prelude fips menu rwein simca statwint SET rr Library File graphics amod Load library Load object s Return from load On the Library Files type graphics amoc and click onto Load library button The names of all the dialogue boxes internal presentation composing AMOC will be dis played on the scrolling list You can load any AMOC control window by clicking on the scrolling list window and afterwards on the Load object button e Once a control window is loaded you can click onto the menu item detail from the Edit menu in order to display the internal structure of this control window You can consult Simgraphics users manul to understand how Simdraw works The following list outlines the name of each control window used by AMOC with Simdraw you can visualise their internal structures menu AMOC main window GuiObj Prelude SelFlow dialog box StartUpDialogOj fips FIPS dialog box FIPSDialogObj simca CASA dialog box CasaDialogObj rwin Perf
68. ion Ground Delay The delay obtained by the process of Slot Allocation Procedures Flow A set of flights coming from a common zone of departure and or going to a common zone of destination and or proceeding via a common airspace volume Host Z data Aircraft plan and track updates messages sent by the en route centre computers to the Central Flow Control Facility USA Itinerary A series of connected flight legs for a given aircraft NASPAC Leg Individual flight specified by its departure airport and arrival airports an esti mated departure time and an estimated arrival time Optimisation Model Mathematical representation of a system along with a method or algorithm for generating strategies that adhere to certain constraints and a method for evaluating those strategies in terms of one or more criterion called objective func tions Regulation A perfect adaptation between traffic demand and ATC capacity Slot Allocation Procedures The slot allocation procedures are ATFM measures aimed at fully utilising available ATC capacity by issuing time slots on an individual basis for each flight concerned Stochastic Arising from chance involving probability Technical Delay Delay absorbed by aircraft while waiting for ATC resources For example waiting to use a departure runway accumulates technical delay Throughput The number of aircraft entries into a controlled zone during a given period Throughput Deviation The dif
69. irport is part of the flow and the sign means that the air port is excluded from the flow Example C K PA EK EKVG 15 This line means that all departures from Canada USA and Alaska arriving to Denmark except FAROE islands must be increased by 15 12 2 Ouput files The Flight Increase Processor Software produces two output files crossings file named as lt crossings orig inc gt e and traject file anmed as lt crossings orig inc gt Both contain the original flights plus the newly generated ones 12 3 Processing The predicted growth is specified in an input file prepared by DED4 STATFOR The STATFOR file contains flows and their predicted growth rates The Flight Increase Processor Software uses that file to drive the creation of new demand The Flight Increase Processor Software consists of three separate tools e The Itineraries Selector Selltin script program extracts the aircraft itineraries from the original traffic file crossings and traject files and its output is an intermediate file containing the aircraft itineraries The Forecast program reads statfor and the intermediate itineraries files and gener ates an output file containing the additional itineraries for the extra flights For each individual flow read from statfor the Forecast program extracts randomly AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 66 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 rate nb_of_flights_on_the_flow 10
70. lows Hourly distribution from 0 to 23 LEMDGLO 6 7 5 2 14 38 53 55 59 47 44 36 45 37 33 46 50 5 1 53 48 34 24 5 5 LEPAGLO 6 7 7 7 10 34 28 33 23 17 20 21 33 21 18 26 29 24 44 30 29 18 11 10 LGTSGLO 1 4 4 2 3 5 7 12 7 5 11 10 7 9 9 10 7 5 1 5 5 2 2 2 LGATGLO 3 5 9 19 14 30 35 29 25 25 25 21 38 26 34 25 19 24 16 11 12 7 3 2 LGIRGLO 3 1 0 1 2 2 7 6 14 6 T 7 6 7 9 11 10 10 14 5 5 6 3 7 EBBRGLO 3 14 13 1 10 36 58 47 71 36 36 55 33 49 35 49 51 64 43 32 25 13 20 5 EDDBGLO 3 2 2 6 6 5 3 5 7 4 11 11 6 5 6 4 2 4 2 6 6 3 5 7 7 10 Log file This file contains valuable information that can be used to link the flights regulated by CASA and their origin destination Thus statistics modules can be coded for example to produce total delay per departure aerodrome arrival aerodrome or both The traffic volume file sent to CASA does not contain the city pair for the regulated flights Column Format Contents Ist column Integer Aircraft ID 2ndcolumn Alpha Call sign 3rd column Alpha Departure airport 4th column Integer Departure time 5th column Alpha Arrival airport 6th column Integer Arrival time AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 42 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Column Format Contents 7th column Alpha Regulation ID 8th column Integer ETO NB the 7th and 8th columns can be repeated if there are other regulations AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 43 EUROCONTROL E
71. n SelFlow context the same thing and so we will use them interchangeably SelFlow by default uses a file called sec grp So if you want to add or modify an alias you should do it in the sec grp and save it The file has the following format number of aliases list of gt Examples Suppose that we want to use a sector AB as the group of the elementary sectors A and B One can define it as follows AB A B Suppose again that we want to create the name CO instead of the name LFMMCO One can define it as follow CO LEMMCO 7 3 Aerodromes file Description This file contains the definition of all the airport families used in the flows description and the logical operations on flows This file is subdivided into two paragraphs one paragraph for the definition of the airports families and the second one for the definition of the logical operations on flows Families paragraph A family is a set of related airports within or outside the simu lated area It consists of a name that uniquely identifies the family and a list of airports The format of the families paragraph is as follow nb of families familyl nb of airports aiportll amp irportli familyN nb of airports airportN1 airportNj AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 33 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 1 lt nb_of_families gt is the number of families used in the families paragraph this number occupies the first line
72. name of this flow will be rUGW The def inition for this flow is as follows LFPO LFMN UGW 1 rUGW 480 0 1080 0 The departure and arrival family are single airports so you don t need to define them in the aerodrome files You can if you want but it will be a redundant definition because SelFlow understands the concept of single airports Example2 Suppose that we are interested in departures from FRANCE going to the North Atlantic between 18 00 and 20 00 We can see that the only volume of interest in this abstraction is the departures from the French airports to the North Atlantic regardless of which sectors are crossed This flow will be called FRANC gt NATS for departures from France to NATS Below we show some steps to define this flow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 36 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 First you must describe in the aerodromes file what are the north Atlantic airports and what are the French airports In this paper we will give to the French airports the glo bal name FRANC and NATS to the North Atlantic airports Second in the flows file you must define the flow as follows FRANC NATS 1 FRANC gt NATS 1 1080 0 1200 0 In the aerodrome files you will define the two families of airports 2 FRANC 1 LF NATS 7 Beek Tok Queer geek M pak Explanation 2 means that the aerodrome file contains two families of airports Each line contains the definition of one family of airports
73. nd delay incurred by the flight This record is repeated Number_of_legs time Column Format Contents 1 5 Alpha flight ID 6 9 Alpha Departure Airport 11 14 Alpha Arrival Airport 15 22 Real Departure Aiport latitude decimal degree 24 31 Real Departure Airport longitude decimal degree 33 36 Integer Departure time in minute 37 44 Real Arrival Airport latitude decimal degree 46 53 Real Arrival Airport longitude decimal degree 55 58 Integer Arrival time in minute 62 63 Integer Delay in minutes 66 68 Integer Azimuth 70 Char Direction 72 Char Flight Plan Completeness 75 16 Integer Number of fixes in the route Data Record 3 Routes Information This record describes the route that links the two airports This record is repeated Number of fixes time Column Format Contents 1 2 Alpha Always RP 3 7 Alpha Fix name 8 15 Real Fix latitude decimal degree 17 24 Real Fix longitude decimal degree 26 28 Integer Fix altitude 30 37 Real Estimated Time Over 7 8 2 Crossings file Descriptions This file contains the crossed sectors for all the simulated flights It includes the ETO for each crossed sector The information here is the same as that used in the traject file Data Record 1 Aircraft Information Column Format Contents 1 5 Integer Aircraft identifier 6 8 Alpha Aircraft operator 9 12 Alpha Aircraft type 13 13 Integer Equipment category 14 14 Integer Enroute time category 16 17 Integer Number of legs
74. ocess takes a 4D trajectory a set of elementary sectors and deter mines the en route sectors and their times of piercing A traffic pattern will be pro duced and stored in a shared memory e The count process will read from the shared memory and produces hourly traffic for a specified sectors configuration Each time a sector exceedss its capacity count will send a message to SelFlow notifying it of the overloaded sector the corresponding period and the capacity Upon receiving the notification SelFlow will create a regulation to protect the sec tor and extract the associated traffic The traffic will be stored in a bucket for later transfer to CASA e When all the overloaded sectors are identified and notified to SelFlow count will send an end trame to notify SelFlow that it can activate CASA At that time Sel Flow will create a CASA execution environment e Once CASA has finished processing slots allocation Update Ctot will inject the new Ctot into the shared memory The process loops untill all the sector capacities are respected The rest of this section will deal only with the way CARAT and AMOC could be inter faced and the new functions needed 15 4 The approach proposed The basic principle behind CARAT algorithm is to propose k short path for each selectable flight crossing an identified congested area Simply stated the purpose of CARAT is to efficiently and with minimal cost reroute flights from the overloaded s
75. on the file 2 there is a line for a definition of each family it consists of fields separated by blank s 2 1 the first field lt family gt is the name of the family 2 2 the second field lt nb_of_airports gt is the number of airports belonging to the fam ily 2 3 a list of airports composing the family NB No blank line is permitted in this families paragraph Example Suppose that in a specified study we are interested in only two airports fam ilies The first family is all the airports within France called FRANC The second fam ily is all the North Atlantic airports called NATS The families paragraph will contain the following definitions 2 FRANC 1 LF NATS 7 Beek Queer geek M SERO pure Logical operations on flows paragraph A logical operation on two flows consists of a set of operations stated under the classical form of propositional logic OR operation It consists of summation of all flights belonging to the two flows AND operation It consists of selecting only the flights belonging to both flows This is important when we are interested in a flow over a segment of routes or a flow crossing a sector and overflying a fix Excluding operation It consists of excluding from one flow another flow Only the flights belonging to the first flow and not to the second remain It s important when we want a specified flow crossing a protected volume to be freeflow The format of the lo
76. ons Moreover NASPAC is not portable and runs only on Sun workstation e NASPAC uses a linear regression to calculate the en route time spent between resources These times depend on the following formula that encompasses uncer tainty en route time a distance b r where r is a mean squared error of the resid ual which is used by NASPAC to add a random value to the en route time Moreover the values for the regression coefficients are calculated based on data col lected from American airlines which are usually reluctant to publish their data another doubt about the accuracy of the coefficients e NASPAC introduces an implicit delay at all modeled airports by using the airport service time mechanism To model the operations at an airport a full description of the gaussian curve at that airport should be input AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 6 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 2 3 The topology of the new AMOC We found it useful to evolve AMOC functions using CASA as the backbone of our simulation environment and developing necessary tools around it This provided two major advantages First we gain a significant amount of the simulation time by incor porating a tool that does not recalculate any profile or sector time entrance but only extracts the required information from the CFMU data into a readable format for Sel Flow Secondly we enhance the sectors hourly distribution and thus the plan of regul
77. p only the traffic present in both flows as flowAB Example2 Suppose now that we are interested only in the traffic crossing sector SEC and not overflying fix A In the flows file you must define two flows the flow overflying fix A and another flow for the traffic crossing sector SEC Once these two flows have been defined you must define the resulting flow from flowSEC and flowA as flowSECA flowSEC flowA This means that SelFlow will first extract the traffic subject to flowA and traffic subject to flowSEC and afterwards it will keep only the traffic present in flowSEC but not in flowA as flowSEC A 7 4 Flows file This file contains the description of the specified flows A flow consists of upstream downstream elements and a volume Upstream elements are describing an origin area downstream elements are describing a destination area An upstream downstream element can have an exception list which is a set of excluded airports A volume is a set of sectors and or fixes A volume is not mandatory but can be present in the definition of a flow You should remember that all the volumes used in the description of a flow are aliases and should be defined in the aliases file unless the volume is an elementary sector or a single fix AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 35 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 The format of a flow is as follows lt dep_family gt exception_list lt arr_family gt exception_li
78. quested Estimated Time Over ETO the reference point of the flow controlled zone e if that slot is free it is assigned to the flight which thus suffers no delay e if that slot is already pre allocated to a flight which is planned to overfly the restricted location after the new flight then the later flight takes the slot Of course the consequence can be a chain reaction because the flight whose slot has been taken tries to recover another slot possibily by taking the slot of another flight etc e if that slot is already allocated it cannot be taken by a flight candidate for prealloca tion AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 21 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 6 0 2 Running CASA The first thing you may have to do is to run AMOC if it is not already done Once the AMOC main window appears on the top left corner of your screen CASA Scenario CASA SERVER mahler ORACLE SERVER brahms H e Select the menu item Casa from the Run menu In the window that appears click and enter the name of the CASA scenario to run The CASA scenario is the name of the directory where all the required input files are If the name of your CASA scenario is test the input files are under net CASA SERVER users casa casa07 test The CASA SERVER will be explained below In the CASA SERVER textbox enter the name of the host machine where the CASA executable files are installed n the ORAC
79. ream and the time of volume crossing is inside the flow period e if the volume is not present regulation by departure aerodrome the criteria of extraction are the same as above except that a flight is considered to belong to the flow when its departure time is inside the flow period The start and end times of the activation period are expressed in minutes starting from the first day of the simulation To simulate the J day we usually need the traffic for the J 1 day The start time simulation for the J day is 1440 0 24 60 and the end is 2880 0 24 120 0 0 J 1 day 1440 0 J day 2880 0 The use of decimal point is for enabling the seconds You must convert the seconds into a fraction of minutes AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 38 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 7 7 Fix file This file is used only when one of the protected volumes is or contains a fix The for mat of the file is very simple fix name latitude longitude floor ceiling Example MOPUG needs to be protected between FL070 to 250 and from FL250 to unlimited Two differents points have to be created MOPUGI 461000 0204200 70 0 250 0 MOPUG2 461000 0204200 250 0 999 0 7 8 Traffic file and how it is processed SelFlow reads two files from the same directory For fix based regulations it uses the traject file that contains the routes of scheduled traffic in 4 D format latitude longi tude altitude and ETO For sector
80. rence EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre CFMU Environment system Estimated Off Block Time Estimated Time Over Estimated Take Off Time Federal Aviation Administration Future ATM Profile Flow Data Research Flight Increase Processor Software Flight Plan Flow and Regulation EDitor Human Machine Interface International Civil Aviation Organisation Integrated Flight Plan System Instrument Flight Rules Indicators for Performance of the European ATM System National Airspace Syst Performance Analysis Capability Planned Flight Data Repetitive Flight Plan Slot Allocation Message Slot Improvement Proposal message Slot Issue Time CFMU Tactical system AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 87 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK EEC NOTE No 28 97 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 88 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 SPECIAL TERMS Airborne Delay The delay incurred by in flight traffic holding patterns speed reduction Airport Service Time The minimum separation in time between two flights Combined flights Flights subject to several regulations Congested area Any volume where the traffic demand exceeds the ATC capacity Constraint Programming An approach that uses operational research and artificial intelligence to resolve complex combinatorial problems Effective delay The difference between an aircraft scheduled arrival time and its actual arrival time in the simulat
81. rm a specific task A service call is a process that will trigger a well defined action Each service call is preceeded by opening parentheses terminated with closing parentheses and may have asociated parameters Only a few services calls are used for running CASA into AMOC It should be noted that the scope of service calls used at TACT level is very large Below we will describe the purpose of each service call we use 1 trace lt boolean gt lt boolean gt Trace is used to enhance the output of CASA The first field of this service instructs CASA whether or not to print the result of each service The second field instructs CASA whether or not to print full details of each service encountered along with the full associated parameter list 2 continue_on_error lt boolean gt This service is used to affect the behaviour of CASA in response to failure conditions If a service fails either through script syntax errors or CASA application rejects the requested action a flag is set by CASA to control the continuation of the process If the boolean is False CASA will continue execution otherwise it will stop in case of any sevice call failure By default the continue_on_error flag is set to false 3 auto_end_of_list lt boolean gt The purpose of this service is to avoid having to call the end_of_list after each regu lation activation When a regulation is activated the flights concerned by this new reg ulations mu
82. s It gives also a detailed description of the Objects that make AMOC Graphical User Interface GUI Chapter Fourteen Shows how CARAT can be integrated into AMOC for its validation and testing Chapter Fifteen Describes the kind of studies that could be conducted using AMOC A glossary and a definition of special terms are at the end of this document AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 3 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 1 7 What You Should Know To Maintain AMOC This part addresses to people who will maintain AMOC It assumes that you are famil iar with UNIX HP UX X11 server the C programming language It s particularly important that you know the Object Oriented language Modsim and Simgraphics For more information about these topics you can consult The HP UX Reference Manual for information about UNIX and HP UX The C Programming Language by Kernighan and Ritchie or other reputable C books for rules of programming in C Modsim II User s Manual and Reference Manual Simgraphics II User s Manual XLib Reference Manual and XLib Programming Manual These manuals are useful to understand the warning program writing with Xlib library X Window System User s Guide Object Oriented Analysis And Design with Applications by Grady Booch AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 4 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 2 0 AMOC 2 1 Overview Traffic growth and changes in traffic patterns
83. s based regulations or airport based regulations Sel Flow uses the crossings file which contains information about the crossed sectors and the time estimated over Both files are generated by ATAC module from the ALL FLIGHT file for a defined operational day You must remember that both files contain information about the traffic for two days the previous day and the day of the simulation Thus the simulation time lasts from 0 minute to 2880 minutes 1 The traffic corresponding to the previous day starts at 0 min and ends at 1440 min 2 and the traffic for the operational day starts at 1440 min and ends at 2880 min The need to have both the previous day and the operational day is to take into account the flights departing the previous day and arriving on the operational day 7 8 1 Traject file Descriptions This file contains the climb cruise descent profiles for all the simulated flights It includes the ETO and altitude at each overflown fix Data Record 1 Aircraft Information Column Format Contents 1 5 Integer Aircraft identifier 6 8 Alpha Aircraft operator 9 12 Alpha Aircraft type 13 13 Integer Equipment category 14 14 Integer Enroute time category 16 17 Integer Number of legs AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 39 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Data Record 2 Airports Information This record describes the departure and arrival airports plus the time of departure and arrival and the grou
84. s delayed 3824 4303 Total ATFM delay minutes 91131 94238 Mean delay per delayed Tigh Both the analysis of the sectors throughput and the comparison of the delays show that the simulations with AMOC simulator can be considered close to the CFMU opera tions 1 5 What does AMOC offer Scientific research and engineering development related to the ATFM are relying increasingly on computational simulation to augment theoretical analysis experimen tation and testing Many of ATC and ATFM problems are far too complex to yield to mathematical analyses Simulations play an even greater role in providing solutions to our most challenging problems In this context The AMOC simulator was developed to simulate a wide range of ATC and ATFM functions which can be applied to carry out studies to identify the bottlenecks in a defined airspace organisation carry out a deep analysis of the CFMU operations strategic and pre tactical phases and evaluate proposed solutions e evaluate new alternative ATFM strategies and evaluate new approaches to adopt in case of TACT CASA System failure Preparation of contingency plans AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 2 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 e validate the application of optimisation techniques operations research constraint based approach to reduce system wide delays and congestion 1 6 About This Manual This manual describes AMOC and contains fifteen chapters
85. s is the responsi bility of SelFlow SelFlow was specified with close collaboration with operational staff involved in the ATFM study The aim was to help regulators in identifying the mainstream flows and applying regulations It selects the flights that comprise flows through regulated parts of the airspace at specified times Its basic functionalities can be grouped in four cate gories Grouping of sectors Airport Families Flows Definition and sector aliases And flows operations Y Crossings and traject S elFlow fix file if any files Statistics CASA Traffic Volume e Creation Phase we create empty flows objects airport families and protected vol umes based on the definitions made by the regulators e Extraction Phase we only select flights belonging to one of the created flows and departing from or arriving to one of the airport families and crossing or overflying one or several protected volumes e Processing Phase the sectors are described as elementary entities to allow the regu lators freedom to adapt the airspace configuration to the traffic and the availability of the controllers Thus a dynamic restructuring of the airspace in the process is taken into account SelFlow also prepares flights that would be exempted by CASA e Merging Phase It gives the flexibilty to merge in the same process run centralised
86. s not exist Once FRED has completed execution all regulation files are saved to the appropriate CASA input directory 3 6 S5 Generate Traffic Volume First run SelFlow to extract flights belonging to one or several flows The output of SelFlow is a traffic volume file to be used as input to CASA and a statistic file con cerning flows demand 3 7 S6 Slot Allocation Run CASA by specifying the name of CASA scenario The outputs of CASA area trace file containing all slot allocations and update messages and a report file for each regulation 3 8 S7 Key Performance Metrics PerfAnalysis uses the CASA report files to extract the key output metrics It identifies the redundant or the most restrictive regulations 3 9 S8 Sectors Throughput on the Regulated Traffic At this phase you should inject the new departure times given by CASA CTOT into traject and crossings files and run SelFlow to see the impact of the above strategic decisions on the traffic pattern and the rippling effect on the non protected sectors 3 10 S9 Loop over the process The Computer Assisted Slot Allocation CASA implements a heuristic search based on a first planned first served principle in order to distribute the delays among flights as fairly as possible However it does not take into account the dependencies between flows one regulated flow can generate overload anywhere in the airspace where it is not expected So in order to smooth all the traffic
87. splayed on the hpterm window from which you have launched AMOC Once DeliverCtot finishes its execution the window appears again Click onto the cancel button to get rid of it If no problems are encountered dur ing execution DeliverCtot will produce new traffic files crossings lt new_extension gt and traject lt new_extension gt 8 2 Input The CASA output file used by this program is called temp so the pathname used by DeliverCtot to access this file is net casa server users casa casa07 casa_scenario At the time being the casa server is mahler The program extracts the lines of this file AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 45 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 that are relevant to generation of CTOTs and stores the information by flight The CASA output file may contain many CTOT messages per flight in such case only the last CTOT is taken into account Two other files are used by DeliverCtot are cross ings lt extension gt and traject lt extension gt 8 3 Output The output of the program is the traffic file traject and crossings files that differs from the original only by having the departure times generated by CASA DeliverCtot applies the delay occurred by a defined flight to all the resources used by that flight fixes sectors IMPORTANT The traject lt new_extension gt and crossings lt new_extension gt must be injected again into SelFlow to show the effect of the ATFM measures on non
88. st volume nb_of_flows lt flow_namel gt 1 start of period lt end_of_period gt flow nameN 1 start of period end of period 1 The dep family arr family is the name of a set of airports The family name must be defined in the aerodromes file unless it is a single airport a centre all airports belonging to the centre or a country as whole 2 The exception list specifies the set of airports to be excluded from the family of the airports 3 volume specifies the part of the airspace to be protected The volume is not man datory and if it is not present then the protected area is the dep family 4 nb of flows specifies the number of the sub flows Suppose that you want to pro tect a volume from 07 00 to 10 00 and from 12 00 to 18 00 As CASA does not accept non contiguous intervals you must define 2 sub flows one sub flow for each interval 5 flow name identifies the name of the flow This name will be used later as the name of the CASA regulation 6 start of period and end of period specify the start and end of the activation period SelFlow will be used to extract flights whose ETOs fall within this period and CASA will use this period with a corresponding capacity to allocate slots Examplel Suppose we want to regulate all the traffic coming from LFPO going to LFMN and crossing the sector UGW between the period 08 00 and 18 00 First you must define the flow and give it a name The
89. st be passed to CASA using the service change_flight_data During the activation of a regulation the allocation of slots is slightly different It is thus required to indicate to CASA that the initial list of flights is terminated This is done using the end_of_list service 4 initialise boolean lt yymmddhhmmss gt This service is used to initialise the regulation package 5 set_server This service is used to initialise the regulation package in server mode 6 call lt file_name gt This service groups several service calls in a file and execute them in one call 7 create lt regulation_name gt AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 27 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 This service is used to create a regulation After the creation the regulation will be taken into account by CASA The regulation_name must be the same as the one used in local_construct call service 8 time control lt yymmddhhmmss gt lt step gt This service manipulates time within CASA system 9 start test This service prompts the Ada Test Harness to start a test 10 execute lt test gt This service indicates to the Ada Test Harness that a test is about to be started 10 done This service indicates to the Ada Test Harness that some check services are to be called 9 report lt regulation_name gt lt boolean gt lt file_name gt This service indicates to CASA that a report shoul
90. ta flight data lt concerned_regulations gt The following two sections describe respectively the format of flight data and concerned regulations flight data format ITEMS category string external message boolean flight reference format aircraft id string flight origin string late filer boolean lt late_updater gt boolean lt general_exempted gt boolean lt confirmed_flight gt boolean lt EOBT gt big_time lt ETOT gt big_time lt atot gt big_time COMMENTS one of the strings PLAN_DATA AIRBORNE_DATA CANCELLA TION SRR indicates if the input to CASA is caused due to an external message ie a message coming from the AO or an internal message ie a regulation activation unique identifier of the flight call sign one of the strings RPL PFD IFPL AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 23 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Below is a description of flight data for a given flight with AFR5342 as the callsign and 1 as the aircraft identifier The aircraft identifier is an internal number that distin guishes the flight and resolves the problem of flights using the same callsign This flight is not a late filer late updater and it is not exempted from all the crossing regula tions The day of departure of this flight is 970205 5 February 1997 PLAN DATA T 1 5342 970205075500 970205080000 nil
91. ted language and uses a run time graphics library called Simgraphics In addition several modules format data for input to FRED and convert the output from FRED for input into SelFlow and CASA AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 51 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 SELFLOW Regulations plan FIGURE 1 FRED Data Flow Diagram 10 1 Controls of FRED The intention of the FRED design is to balance the three goals of simplicity consist ency and efficiency e the FRED system is based on a simple interface e the FRED system is easy to learn and users can get work done right away when you perform a new task you can later update it with minimal effort The FRED system uses few and simple controls to accept events or trigger an action The controls which FRED uses are discussed below AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 52 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 1 Button A button is used to receive a simple input event Clicking on a button with the mouse will execute an action Button 2 Text Box A text box is used to receive a string of characters The text box must be selected before entering text Text Box LFPG LFPO LFPV LFPB 3 List Box A list box is used to select an item from a list of items AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 53 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 4 Radio box A radio box contains a list
92. time and capacity and click on Add Sb Period button to insert the newly created sub periods in the list of sub periods box e Remove sub periods click on the list of sub periods box to select the period and click on Remove Sb Peri ods to remove it The removal of sub period has a chain reaction because the update is transferred to the previous or next sub period If the sub period is at the top of the list box the update is transferred to the next sub period and in the other case the trans mission is reverse AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 51 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 Update sub periods Click on the list of sub periods box to select the period make your change in the corre sponding boxes and save your change by clicking on Update Sb Period button The update of a sub period has as in the case of removal a chain reaction When the regulation sub periods are created click on Accept Regul button to create the regulation or on Quit button to cancel 10 2 7 De attach a CASA regulation To remove a regulation from a flow select the flow concerned and click on Delete CASA button There is no undo button if a regulation is removed there is no way to get it back 10 3 Airport Families window The Airports Families window holds the airports families under construction or loaded from a previously saved scenario Two modes are used creating and selecting New families are cr
93. tiniu lo Waller libro 56 10 24 Update adorare 56 10 2 5 Remove a TOW tubi uada usce 56 10 2 6 Attach CASA regulation to a flow serene 57 10 2 7 De attach a CASA regulation eere 58 10 3 Airport Families Widow iaia 58 10 3 1 Description Of Airport Families 58 10 3 2 Creating an airport family arri 59 10 3 3 Updating an airport family eene 59 10 3 4 Remove an airport family eere 59 AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability I EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 10 4 Flows Operations window 59 10 4 1 Description of the flows logical operations window 60 10 4 2 Creating an operation on floOWS 61 10 4 3 Updating an operation on floWS eee 61 10 4 4 Remove an operation on flows 61 10 5 Save a scenario with FRED isis ierit tenerent tn teneat eene e ER Eee ehe ova 61 10 6 Load a scenario with ER BD ritrae 61 10 7 Information about a current scenario seen 62 10 8 Exiting riterr 62 11 0 Airspace Traffic dA ta Capture 63 Ob contesta do bd aub dtt tla otto tuta datus ples 63 T1 2 AMMO Modi e oce a Ri ARR i Ei a 63 11 221 Output Des actio ete pede ln t
94. tory and its contents The infor mation in the README files is more current than in the printed manuals The AMOC directory structure is shown below Note that individual files are not listed AMOC FRED CASA bin src com data in out The contents of the AMOC directories and significant files are summarized below AMOC programs and Simgraphics graphical user interface files C shell scripts including DeliverCtot FIPS Selltin AMOC source code except for FRED and CASA FRED FRED source code CASA virtual link to the location where CASA executables and scenarios are located input files to SelFlow FIPS DeliverCtot STAIR and ATAC output files of SelFlow AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 73 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 14 4 src directory This directory contains the code source of all AMOC modules except CASA and FRED codes 14 4 1 SelFlow files SelFlow is composed of include files files starting with D and the implementation files files starting with I The files needed to compile SelFlow are listed below DFlight2 mod They represent the definition and implementation source modules of IFlight2 mod Objects used to process flights DRegul3 mod They represent the definition and implementation source module of IRegul3 mod Objects used to process flows Dselflow mod They represent the definition and implementation source modules of the Object Task responsible of triggering SelFlow
95. ubrange and subscript checking PTR ON Pointer checking REF ON Reference variable checking TB ON Runtime error traceback OM OFF Generate Object Mgr info DEBUG gt OFF Generate debugger code GRA gt ON Link with graphics library 3D gt OFF Link with 3D graphics library SO OFF Link with SimObject library LIS OFF Generate compilation listing ERR OFF Keep err files if any BEEP gt ON Audible prompts 14 2 AMOC Installations Instructions From a tar file The Installation instructions from a tar file are the same as the installation instructions from a tape The only change occur at the step 2 1 The same instruction as before 2 Log to the server containing AMOC home directory Under AMOC home directory residing in this server type the following commands tar cvf tarfile compress tarfile exit 2 Ftp to the server containing the tarfile and type the following commands from the ftp prompt binary get tarfile Z quit 2 2 From your local workstation type the following commands uncompress tarfile Z tar xvf tarfile 3 The same instruction as before 4 The same instruction as before 5 The same instruction as before AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 72 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 14 3 Directory Descriptions The following outline shows the AMOC directory structure Each directory has a README file that contains information about the direc
96. ulator is the Computer Aided Slot Allocation CASA 5 1 The AMOC main window Eee OO _ The figure above shows the AMOC main window It is the window that appears when AMOC is launched From this window you are able to access all the components of the AMOC Simulator The window bar has three different menu titles Run Files and Util ities At the time of writing this report the functions in the Utilities menus were not yet implemented only the functions provided by Run and Files menu were accessible Through the Run menu you can access all the components described above In the fol lowing sections we are going to briefly show how to run AMOC and its sub compo nents 5 2 Starting up AMOC The AMOC is a UNIX graphical interface It can be run directly on any UNIX work station or X terminal or on a PC running on X Window configuration To start running AMOC open an hpterm window go to the AMOC bin directory and at the prompt type amoc then press return Now the graphical user interface appears at the top left of your screen You can start AMOC remotely from any machine Below are described the steps to fol low in order to run it remotely AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 19 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 e add the name of the remote machine containing amoc executable programs as the authorized machines to connect to your display server by typing xhost remote_machine e remote loggin
97. ure time and an estimated arrival time The Flight Increase Processor Software program generates aircraft itiner aries according to selection criteria and assigns a four dimensional trajectory and a list of en route sectors to each leg This demand reflects predicted changes for a specified future day It is used for modeling future scenarios The Flight Increase Processor Software generates flights so that the hourly distribution of traffic demand is uniformly distributed over all the resources airports sectors flows statfor itineraries Forecast Selltin additional itineraries new traject Inew crossings AMOC ATFM Modelling Capability 65 EUROCONTROL EXPERIMENTAL CENTRE EEC NOTE No 28 97 12 1 input files 1 Traffic The original traffic is composed of two files crossings file and traject file A full description of the format of those two files is given in the section SelFlow 2 The predicted growth file The growth file contains the DED4 prediction about the increase of traffic This increase concerns origin and destination pattern The format of this file is a series of origin destination of interest and the percentage of the flights to be generated for that pattern origin destinationl rate1 originN destinationN rateN Each origin destination is of the form airport 1 airport12 airportl N airport21 airport2i The sign means that the a

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