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Antenna Test Selection Guide

1. sss ennt tnnt tn tnnt tn tatnen sns ta tasas tans 36 5 Antenna measurement components catalog ss 38 Microwave network aMmalyZers cceccsccccsscsssscsscscssescesscsecessececsecassesassesenseseesassneeseneesensates 30 SOS RN NR NR RD ad ROS 42 Frequency Ee RTL 44 DIE 35 nna ibi a GV anced HEREIN URL CON DNE RUE 9 Multiple channel measurements seen 59 Measurement Asi venei vU roble rao Maa Rd cd e V rota on atu adu 63 Appendix 1 PNA Series security features sss 64 Tessi UL oaa XY a a 64 x SH 65 Memory clearing sanitization and or removal procedures ssss 65 User and remote interface security measures ssssseeeennnnnnnnnnnns 66 Procedure for declassifying a faulty instrument essen 67 Appendix 2 How to select PNA Series IF BW with performance comparable to 8911 in cra dba Cc cd gab 68 Appendix 3 How to configure an external source for use with a PNA Series 69 1 Introduction Agilent Technologies provides many of the components you need to make accurate antenna and radar cross section RCS measurements This Antenna Test Selection Guide will help you select the hardware necessary to meet your antenna measurement requirements This note is primarily for customers who want to design integrate and install their own antenna measurement system using Agilent a
2. s E M mE Some u BL RF Source 4 e WU D s Receiver 1 Receiver 2 we Figure 9 Typical RCS measurement configuration using a PNA network analyzer Several additional features of the PNA Series are particularly useful in RCS configurations Having the source and receiver integrated into the same instrument with a choice of frequency ranges is very cost effective in RCS applications For PNA X 100 000 data points are available per measurement and 20 001 data points are available per measurement for PNA This provides extremely long alias free down range resolution for RCS measurements The PNA has a removable hard drive to comply with data security requirements For detailed security information refer to Appendix 1 on page 64 Banded millimeter wave measurements With firmware version A 04 00 or later the PNA microwave E836xC network analyzers are capable of supporting banded millimeter wave modules extending the frequency range of your network analyzer up to 500 GHz Additionally you can customize the most cost effective solution specific for your application by purchasing just the module and frequency range you need Figure 10 shows a typical millimeter wave configuration oo s sas BS ERE BEER BUS N5242 4 5A PNA X Series S C with Opt 200 020 Sag CEES ei Pg lololo OML test heads Figure 10 Typical millimeter wave configurat
3. 19 Choosing a network analyzer The frequency and sensitivity requirements of your antenna system will determine the network analyzer specifications Agilent offers three families of network analyzers the PNA series the PNA L series and the ENA series Agilent has developed options for the PNA series specifically for antenna measurements Because of these options the PNA series is often the preferred analyzer for antenna solutions However there are applications which do not require these options and the lower cost PNA L series or ENA series analyzers may be the right solution For secure environments a PNA or PNA L series analyzer must be used Select an analyzer from the following table that meets your frequency and sensitivity requirements Table 1 Agilent network analyzer typical values Frequency Sensitivity at direct Family ENA PNA L PNA PNA X Model option std configurable test set E5070C E5071C N5230C Opt 020 025 N5230C Opt 120 125 N5230C Opt 220 225 N5230C Opt 420 425 N5230C E8362C E8363C E8364C E8361C N5242A N5244A stepping speed receiver input with 10 MHz pt at Sensitivity at test 1 kHz IF BW Frequency max IF BW with port with 1 kHz w Opt 014 for Power out range no band crossings IF BW 9 Fmax PNA Fmax Fmax 300 kHz to 3 GHz ii lt 92 dBm idi 10 dBm 300 kHz to 8 5 GHz i lt 80 dBm i 5 dBm 300 kHz to 6 GHz 160 us lt 99 dBm lt 108 dBm
4. 1 dB network A B R1 R2 analyzer Rear Opt H11 8 33 MHz 27 dBm Aemme e mem network Direct access 20 MH 6 dB RF out from analyzer PNA Rear inputs 7 605634 MHz 9 dBm Opt 020 PNA X N4264A IF inputs 7 605634 MHz 9 dBm measurement receiver Figure 24 PNA E836xC network analyzer Option H11 and Option 014 connection diagram and input level requirements Input Freq 31 92 The 85309 LO IF distribution unit interfaces with the PNA PNA X in two different ways providing either a 20 MHz IF signal for PNA and PNA X or an 8 33 MHz for PNA a 7 606534 MHz for PNA X and PNA X measurement receiver IF signal It is important to understand the differences in each configuration before setting up your measurement 85309A with PNA configured with Options 014 and 080 or PNA X Option 080 With this setup the PNA or PNA X operates in frequency offset mode and the 85309A must create a 20 MHz IF signal The receiver is set to 20 MHz and the RF and LO sources must be offset by 20 MHz The test and reference signals are inserted through the front panel links bypassing the internal coupler This configuration improves the noise floor by approximately 10 to 38 dB depending on frequency However operation in frequency offset modes results in a decrease of frequency stepping speed 85309A with PNA configured with Options 014 080 081 UNL and H11 With this setup the 85309A must create an 8 33 MHz IF signal The
5. 2 Calculate the speed To calculate the approximate measurement speed use the following equation Total Measurement time data taking pre sweep time band crossing retrace Data taking Measurement time per point is determined by the larger of 1 BW or the maximum sweep rate For wide spans with fewer points sweep rate is more likely to dominate Sweep rate is approximately 600 GHz ms for the PNA and approximately 900 GHz ms for the PNA L Pre sweep time In swept mode pre sweep time is 222 uS for the PNA and 56 uS for the PNA L In step mode calculate the sweep time from the following information PNA fastest step speed at 1 Hz pt max IF BW is 170 us and at 10 MHz pt max IF BW is 2 8 us PNA L fastest step speed at 1 Hz pt max IF BW is 80 us and at 10 MHz pt max IF BW is 160 us Band crossings take on the order of 4 8 ms per crossing for the PNA and 2 ms for the PNA L However the number of band crosses increases when in frequency offset mode In that mode band crossings of source and receiver may not coincide Exact band cross ing locations can be found in the Microwave PNA Service Manual on Table 5 2 Retrace takes 10 15 mSec with the display on or 5 8 mSec with the display off Retrace Will take the system back to the start frequency of the previous sweep Example measurement time for a PNA network analyzer PNA with 201 points 1 GHz span and 10 kHz BW sweep First determine if most PNA points are in step or swept
6. How to configure an external source for use with a PNA Series Connect the PNA X PNA or PNA L to PSG ESG or MXG source as shown in Figure 54 There is a LAN or GPIB interface available on the rear of the instrument to connect external sources Below is an example setup for the GPIB interface Trigger in Trigger out LAN or GPIB oo NL eel t9 Bgm EX CMS Dee TELE alas SS LLELLE D EE LLLA tA E a ccu oss cra w won n Trigger in out Ac amp 2 vw R PNA series Figure 54 Configuring an external source 1 Setting up a source a Obtain GPIB addresses of your sources 2 Setting up PNA Series network analyzers and measurement receivers a Select External Source Config Utility gt System gt Configure as shown in the menu below Stimulus Utility Help Ri Print System SICL GPIB SCPI Control Panel System 20 Power Meter Settings External Source Config Multiport Capability Preferences LAN Status 1 000 dB gt Security Configure Service gt Touchscreen gt User Key Keys 71 12 The Select Sources dialog box will appear Select Sources All Sources Selected MySource N5181A N5183A Add All gt gt N5183A GPIB This shows all sources that were previously added b Select Configure if a new source needs to be added The External Source Configuration dialogue box will appear c Select Add
7. power through RF cables to the mixers The high output power allows the mixers to be located more than seven meters from the 85309A Since the 85309A uses a separate LO amplifier for each channel channel to channel isolation of 100 dB is achieved minimiz ing signal leakage from the reference to the test channel and improving the accuracy of the measurement There are also IF amplifiers located in the 85309A which serve as a preamplifier for the receiver reducing the overall system noise figure significantly A leveling detector in the reference mixer is used to provide the proper LO drive to the mixers It is important to use equal length cables to both the reference and test mixers to ensure the same cable loss and provide the same LO drive power to both mixers An internal filter in the reference IF channel is designed to pass frequencies below 20 MHz This allows the proper IF signal to be passed for both PNA Option 014 and PNA Option H11 Specifications Nominal channel performance Table 7 85309A specifications Characteristics Minimum Typical Maximum Unit Conditions Frequency range 0 3 181 GHz Power output LO Ports 19 dBm Output power channel tracking t2 dB LO Input return loss 9 dB LO Output return loss 7 dB IF channel small signal gain 21 25 dB 20 MHz 35 dBm input 1 Maximum measurement frequency is dependent on the mixers selected Mixer selection allows for measurements to 50 GHz however fundamental mixing is limi
8. type N female Maximum Unit 18 GHz dBm dBm dBm dBm dB dB 29 dB 23 dBm 13 dBm 20 VDC 10 VDC 40 to 85 C 0 to 50 C Conditions 0 3 to 0 5 GHz OdBm input 6 dBm Input 0 5 to 3 GHz OdBm input 6 dBm Input 3 to 6 2 GHz 0dBm input 6 dBm Input 6 2 to 18 GHz 0dBm input 6 dBm Input 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 6 dBm input 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 or 6 dBm input 0 3 to 18 GHz 0 or 6 dBm input 20 MHz 35 dBm input The following diagram shows the power levels for the various L 0 1 F Dist unit 85320A B Opt H3x Opt H20 Dwn conv mixers LO out ALC 1 Pin 1 Pmxr mixer configurations i Pss chan 21 5 dBm 8 to 16 dBm 0 3 3 GHz 1 0 3 3 GHz Test l chan 1 13 5 dB max L a L a a L PNA X N5242A network analyzer Opt 020 L 0 1 F Dist unit Opt H3x 85320A B D Dwn conv mixers E 00 85309A i 2 i hi in LO out ALC cc e 1 a im a LLL P Ref ses HH r it 0 to 6 dBm Po TL Q chan ss FEE r E ee sam 8 0 16 dBm 2 g 1 8 GHz i m one M 2 2 18 GHz Test es kA j La 1 chan 22 e n io 14 5 dB max or ox a a PNA X N5264A measurement receiver N iy t 5 33 t U p OL E Dist unit Opt H3x En MM oe du E w 99309A a ER n 1 Y in LO out ALC 883 R DA a wal Q Ref 1 0 chan 1 22 5 dBm Pmxr 1 i 2 8 85 GHz 8 to 16 dBm 6 26 5 GHz ia vx Test t x c
9. 10 dBm 300 kHz to 13 5 GHz 160 us lt 94 dBm lt 108 dBm 2 dBm 10 MHz to 20 GHz 160 us lt 85 dBm lt 97 dBm 10 dBm 10 MHz to 40 GHz 160 us lt 15 dBm lt 86 dBm 5 dBm 10 MHz to 50 GHz 160 us lt 0 dBm lt 78 dBm 9 dBm Opt 520 525 10 MHz to 20 GHz 218 us 100 dBm lt 114 dBm 3 dBm 10 MHz to 40 GHz 278 us lt 94 dBm lt 105 dBm 4 dBm 10 MHz to 50 GHz 278 us lt 94 dBm lt 103 dBm 10 dBm 10 MHz to 67 GHz 278 us lt 79 dBm lt 88 dBm 5 dBm 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz 100 us lt 100 dBm lt 115 dBm 11 dBm 10 MHz to 43 5 GHz 10 us lt 100 dBm lt 115 dBm 5 dBm 10 us lt 100 dBm lt 115 dBm 8 dBm 10 MHz to 50 GHz N5245A Note Option H11 sensitivity is typically 127 dBm Data not available Option not available 20 Refer to the ENA data sheet literature number 5988 3780EN or the PNA and PNA L data sheets literature numbers 5988 7988EN and 5989 0514EN for more detailed infor mation What to do if the sensitivity requirement cannot be met If the AUT is located far from the analyzer requiring long cables then the loss caused by the cables could be significant reducing accuracy and dynamic range You may also be unable to find an analyzer that meets your sensitivity requirements In this situation downconverting the signal to an IF signal by using the 85309 LO IF distribution unit with 85320A B remote mixers brings the meas
10. 2 E From 85309 i o Z S 5 LAN to computer Amplifi mplifier ST I i i Router hub i i 2 REI zh i PNA trigger out I i i i i l i i i 1 For long distance applications the use f two GPS tace T rM G E Ee EEA E E mH EM E receivers to supply the 10 MHz reference may be used o Agilent applications engineer for assistance 38 r To transmit antenna YYW ee x S py IS 3 gt AAINIINPSPSISINISINSISINISPSISINISISINR ss m 8511A RCS automation software Coupler 83631B s i nthesized source VV V oji aoon 8 BOBO I l EN i OOO S LUU LALAaLCLeCeOR AP Personal computer Positioner controller AM SK Bee 1 6 J88888B060 ILL Imm moon T IMEEM Ki amp Qu M n Pr L jeje B 9D Z o e o 3 5 D Figure 28 85301 Far field system migration to PNA Series Figure 29 85301 RCS system migration to PNA X N5242A network analyzer 39 5 Antenna Microwave network analyzers 40 measurement components catalog fr l DBBO8BODDB Figure 30 PNA E836xC network analyzer d Sr 2a ES pe cem EE DOE eee HE e EE aaaa DSS cc O ms Teo ei Et p PEIE i Ns v Figure 31 PNA X N5242A network analyzer oo S oo Vep ma c c7 DO CEN Ex CXII M E Ed EX CLXXI EX
11. B H50 LO frequency 0 3 to 3 GHz 1 to 18 GHz 2 to 18 GHz Table 10 Conversion loss 85320A B H20 85320A B 85320A B H50 Frequency range 300 MHz to 3 GHz 1 to 2 GHz 2 to 3 GHz 3 to 5 GHz 5 to 18 GHz 6 to 8 GHz 8 to 16 GHz 16 to 26 5 GHz 2 to 18 GHz 18 to 50 GHz 300 MHz to 3 GHz 1 to 18 GHz 2 to 18 GHz 18 to 50 GHz 10 volts 20 dBm Option H20 26 dBm standard Option H50 11 to 14 dBm 24 dBm Minimum power 8 dBm 7 5 dBm 12 dBm LO harmonic Typical power 10 dBm 11 dBm 14 dBm Typical loss 10 dB 18 0 dB 12 0 dB 11 0 dB 14 7 dB 23 8 dB 26 5 dB 28 5 dB 12 dB 28 dB Maximum power 16 dBm 16 dBm 17 dBm Maximum loss 14 dB 22 dB 16 dB 15 dB 17 dB 26 dB 28 dB 33 dB Connector types RF input type N female Option H20 3 5 mm male standard 2 4 mm male Option H50 All other connectors type N female Environmental characteristics Operating conditions to 55 C 0 to 45 C Option H50 Non operating conditions 40 to 75 C 5 to 90 relative humidity non condensing Size 85320A excluding connectors 97 mm 3 8 in W x 122 mm 4 8 in L x 34 mm 1 3 in D Option H20 H50 83 mm 3 25 in W x 122 mm 4 8 in L x 33 mm 1 3 in D standard 85320B excluding connectors 97 mm 3 8 in W x 186 mm 7 3 in L x 31 mm 1 2 in D Option H20 H50 92 mm 3 6 in W x 185 mm 7 3 in
12. Figure 46 N5280A block diagram Standard 700 Hr 33325 60011 H our LPIN 418 dBm Max 10 Volts DC Max BW LP OUT BIF OUT it U z Max BW d LP OUT RF IN C IF OUT 7 z Max BW LP OUT a our LPIN c Max BW 9 Volts DC 15 Volts DC 1810 0118 Power Supply 0950 4729 OdBm to 18GH LO AUX 5087 7308 andam 26 56Hz Modified prefer 8 dBm LO IN A B C D E 1250 1251 5062 6618 N5280A Opt 001 11713C i SMA f 3 5mm f ATTENUATORS 5 Volt SMA m Termination TL E8356 20071 aa Wasser 58 Figure 47 N5280A block diagram Option 001 Amplifiers 83020A 2 to 26 5 GHz 83018A 2 to 26 5 GHz e S 83017A 83006A em 0 5 to 26 5 GHz 0 01 to 26 5 GHz 83050A 2 to 50 GHz 83051A 0 045 to 50 GHz 87415A 2 to 8 GHz Figure 48 Amplifiers Agilent Technologies Inc has a variety of amplifiers that find applications on antenna and RCS ranges These amplifiers are small and compact with high gain and output power An external power supply is required for these amplifiers Refer to Agilent s 83000A Series Microwave System Amplifiers literature number 5963 5110E for com plete information on amplifiers Also refer to Agilent 8 415A Technical Overview litera ture number 5091 1358E Agilent 87405A Data Sheet literature number 5091 3661E 59 Table 15 Amp
13. Option H11 also provides access to the RF and LO signal sources from 1 7 to 20 GHz of the PNA on the rear panel This dual hybrid source eliminates the need for a separate stand alone synthesizer when remote mixing is used There is no power control over the rear panel RF and LO signals Power output ranges vary and external amplifiers may be needed to achieve the power level required by the mixers Table 2 shows the typi cal power levels available at the outputs By removing the necessity of an external RF source the test time is dramatically reduced This is because the frequency stepping speed is solely a function of the PNA where the settling time is in the uS range as com pared to mS range of most sources Table 2 Typical values of the RF and LO outputs from the rear panel of the PNA Rear Panel LO Power Typical 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz 16 to dBm Rear Panel RF Power for E8362C Typical 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz 16 to 5 dBm at 5 dBm test port power Rear Panel RF Power for E8363C E8364C Typical 1 7 GHz to 10 GHz 12 to 2 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 10 GHz to 16 GHz 8 to 0 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 16 GHz to 20 GHz to 5 dBm at 5 dBm test port power 85320A RF in Test mixer Pin 26 dBm L 85320B Pin 7 5 to 16 dBm _ Reference mixer RF in L Pin lt 26 dBm LO in Pin 7 5 to 16 dBm Pout 19 dBm Pout 19 dBm Test IF 85309A Ref IF LO input Max input
14. X s internal first converter to achieve maximum sensitivity with remote mixing for antenna measurements By combining IF access with frequency offset capability and advanced triggering that supports synchronization with external signal generators users can attain exceptionally accurate antenna and radar cross section RCS measurements faster than previously possible When making antenna measurements with a remote mixing configuration up to 20 dB more sensitivity is possible When the PNA X is equipped with Option 020 and the N5260A millimeter wave controller it can be configured for broadband measurements from 10 MHz to 110 GHz Pulse modulator for internal 1st source Option 021 PNA X only The PNA X Option 021 adds an internal pulse modulation capability to the first internal source for pulsed RF measurements with a frequency range of 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz With Option 021 the PNA X provides pulsed stimuli at test port one that allows forward direction pulse measurements By combining Option 025 internal pulse generators and Option H08 pulse measurements application the PNA X can be a fully integrated fast and accurate pulse measurement system which provides full pulse measurement capabilities such as pulse average point in pulse and pulse profile Four internal pulse generators Option 025 PNA X only Option 025 adds four internal pulse generator outputs to control internal or external pulse modulators and IF gates for pulsed RF measu
15. by the measurement sensitivity of the system The signal to noise ratio will directly impact the measurement accuracy of the system for both amplitude and phase measurements Figure 15 illustrates the relationship between signal to noise ratio and magnitude and phase errors Measurement error due to noise worst case errors 100 eo cC sr D 5 a RN s fc mm Phase error B Se 8 5 o o 5 6 s n 0 1 0 001 0 01 Signal to noise ratio dB Figure 15 Measurement accuracy as a function of signal to noise ratio Determine your signal to noise ratio based on the magnitude and phase errors you can accept Note This equation assumes the simplest antenna system with no remote mixing See Figure 10 Sensitivity The PNA should be located as closely as possible to the test antenna to minimize the RF cable lengths The measurement sensitivity of the PNA must be degraded by the insertion loss of the RF cable s to determine the system measurement sensitivity needed Now determine the sensitivity required of the PNA Sensitivity Payr DR S N L where Payr Power at the output of the AUT dBm DR Required dynamic range dB S N Signal to noise ratio determined above dB L Cable Loss dB from AUT to PNA input Reference PNA X opt 200 020 j3gogog otg neo rm E ho 00 17 000 i ug I a Receiver 1 Figure 16 Receive site configuration without external mixing
16. find contactus Americas Canada Latin America United States Asia Pacific 877 894 4414 305 269 7500 800 829 4444 Australia China Hong Kong India Japan Korea Malaysia Singapore Taiwan Thailand 1 800 629 485 800 810 0189 800 938 693 1800 112 929 0120 421 345 080 769 0800 1 800 888 848 1 800 375 8100 0800 047 866 1 800 226 008 Europe amp Middle East Austria Belgium Denmark Finland France Germany Ireland Israel Italy Netherlands Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom 01 36027 71571 32 0 2 404 93 40 45 70 13 15 15 358 0 10 855 2100 0825 010 700 0 125 minute 07031 464 6333 1890 924 204 972 3 9288 504 544 39 02 92 60 8484 31 0 20 547 2111 34 91 631 3300 0200 88 22 55 0800 80 53 53 44 0 118 9276201 Other European Countries www agilent com find contactus Revised July 2 2009 Product specifications and descriptions in this document subject to change without notice O Agilent Technologies Inc 2005 2009 Printed in USA September 3 2009 0968 6759E ES Agilent Technologies
17. frequency is automatically offset by 8 33 MHz Setting up the PNA LO for an 8 33 MHz IF signal The PNA LO must be set so that an 8 33 MHz IF signal is produced by the mixers for input to the PNA Option H11 inputs Using the equations below the appropriate LO frequency can be calculated To set up the PNA X LO for an IF signal in the procedure below simply change 8 33 MHz to 7 605634 MHz Using the rear panel LO available with Option H11 as the LO input of the 85309A We know that for a mixer IF N LO RF where N external mixer harmonic number With Option 080 frequency offset the frequency out of the rear panel LO port is defined as LO 7 RF offset 8 33 MHz Substituting for LO in the first equation we have IF N 7 RF offset 8 33 MHz RF FL N RF N offset N 8 33 RF To create a low side LO set m 1 and d N Simplifying IF RF N 8 33 N offset RF N 8 33 N offset Since IF must be equal to 8 33 MHz then 8 33 N 8 33 N offset 1 N 8 33 N offset Therefore offset MHz EN 8 33 Using the Option 080 dialog box shown in Figure 25 to set up the LO enter the offset calculated above set Multiplier to 1 and Divisor to N the harmonic number of the external mixer and select the box next to Frequency Offset on off then click OK E Frequency Offset Channel 1 v Frequency Offset ON OFF 10 0000000000 MHz 26 5000000000 GHz 201 10 00
18. is needed for automated environments The second portion is a Visual Basic VB applica tion that runs on the PNA This VB application is used for stand alone bench top use It interacts with the DLL and sends appropriate commands to the PNA and the pulse generator s The VB application is assigned to one of the PNA s macro keys for easy access See Table 1 in section 3 for a list of PNA series network analyzers their frequency ranges power and sensitivity Refer to the PNA data sheet for additional specifications literature number 5988 7988EN For more detailed information regarding pulsed measurement capabilities with the microwave PNA refer to the Agilent Web site www agilent com find pna and download the PNA Series MW Network Analyzers Configuration Guide for Pulsed Measurements literature number 5988 9833EN Additional information is also avail able in Application Note 1408 11 literature number 5989 0563EN and Pulsed Antenna Measurements Using PNA Network Analyzers literature number 5989 0221EN 1 Up to 67 GHz 43 44 PNA L series network analyzers The PNA L has many of the same great characteristics of the PNA family but differs in the following ways Option H11 IF access and Option H08 Pulsed RF measurement capability are not available The PNA L cannot be upgraded to millimeter frequencies The PNA L allows even wider IF bandwidth settings than the PNA and has speed advantages over the PNA It has slightly less s
19. not always feasible to use The IF BW setting on the PNA PNA L and PNA X is adjustable the IF BW of the 8510 8530 was fixed so sensitivity can be changed by adjusting the IF BW setting on the PNA series For fastest remote control of the PNA and PNA X the use of COM programming is recommended See Measurement Automation later in this document Contact your Agilent Applications Engineer for additional assistance with programming The following two examples show conceptually how to migrate from an 8510 8530 to a PNA or PNA X based antenna system Since every system is unique it is not feasible to show every modification necessary for the conversion Refer to Antenna measurement design considerations earlier in this document for additional guidance or contact your 85320A Test mixer module Antenna 0 Source under test antenna 85320B Optional Reference J N moli mixer module MEER 2 E A Reference Es antenna 8360 Series l synthesized sweeper _____ if HP IB MOL ees icrowave 4 System Dus fender receiver LO IF System bus test HP IB HP IB j 22S C extender r 85309A LO IF unit Software available from Agilent Channel Partner URN 8360 Series synthesized sweeper PNA trigger in 10 MHz reference 35 PSG Synthesized source i Optional R i Amplifier tg for 3 S i Source E 1 Y1 i Antenna sha LO in to 85309
20. set Pulsed 45 MHz 2 GHz test set Microwave receiver 45 MHz 26 5 GHz frequency converter 45 MHz 50 GHz frequency converter mmWave test set controller 33 50 GHz test set module 40 60 GHz test set module 50 75 GHz test set module 15 110 GHz test set module RF Sources Recommended PNA solution Determined by test set Determined by test set E8362C N5242A E8353C E8364C N5242A Option 021 025 and H08 N5242A Option 021 025 and H08 N5264A measurement receiver N5280A N5281A N5260A E8364C or OML head E8361C or OML head N5250A or OML head N5250A or OML head None required Description 10 MHz 20 GHz 10 MHz 26 5 40 GHz 10 MHz 50 GHz 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz 26 5 GHz with frequency converter 50 GHz with frequency converter mmWave test set and external hardware 10 MHz 50 GHz 10 MHz 67 GHz 10 MHz 110 GHz 10 MHz 110 GHz Engineering services provided for 8510 8530 migration to PNA series network analyzers For current users of the 8510 8530 series of network analyzers Agilent offers a spec trum of engineering services that provide training code conversion and or test plan design These services allow you to take advantage of the excellent performance of the PNA series with ease Agilent s network analyzer experts can save you time and money by working with you to migrate your 8510 instruments and transition your test code qui
21. test www agilent com find antenna Network and receiver analyzers www agilent com find na RF and microwave accessories www agilent com find accessories Bey Agilent Email Updates www agilent com find emailupdates Get the latest information on the products and applications you select LXI www lxistandard org LXI is the LAN based successor to GPIB providing faster more efficient connectiv ity Agilent is a founding member of the LXI consortium Remove all doubt Our repair and calibration services will get your equipment back to you performing like new when promised You will get full value out of your Agilent equipment throughout its lifetime Your equipment will be serviced by Agilent trained techni cians using the latest factory calibration procedures automated repair diagnostics and genuine parts You will always have the utmost confidence in your measurements Agilent offers a wide range of additional expert test and measurement services for your equipment including initial start up assistance onsite education and training as well as design system integration and project management For more information on repair and calibration services go to wwv agilent com find removealldoubt www agilent com www agilent com find mta For more information on Agilent Technologies products applications or services please contact your local Agilent office The complete list is available at www agilent com
22. 0 10 0 27 1P4T 18 to 26 5 7 0 90 12 5 5 0 5 5 27 26 5 to 40 12 0 85 10 0 4 5 4 0 27 Figure 52 Switch port match definitions for switch on off states Other information Connectors on PIN switch All RF ports are 2 4 mm female a 2 4 mm male to 3 5 mm female adapter is provided for all RF ports The bias connector mates with LEMO 7 pin plug FGG 1K 307 CLAC60 63 Note Agilent channel partners can provide the control interface and timing required for these PIN switches 64 Drive levels Refer to Figure 53 for pin locations Note the notch and red mark on the bias connector outer ring are used for reference To turn ON a port supply a VDC 0 35V bias voltage Current is approximately 41 mA To turn OFF a port supply a 6 3VDC x 0 32V bias voltage Current is approximately 95 mA Only one port can be turned on at a time or all ports can be off The total current is approximately 400 mA for 85332B 200 mA for 85331B with all ports off Pin 7 Pin 6 Pin 2 Pin 5 Figure 53 Bias connector pin locations enlarged Pin 1 Port 1 on off bias Pin 2 Port 2 on off bias Pin 3 Port 3 on off bias not connected for 85331B Pin 4 Port 4 on off bias not connected for 85331B Pin 5 Common ground 0VDC Pins 6 7 Not Connected Size and weight 65 mm 2 6 in x 70 mm 2 75 in x 70 mm 2 75 in Approximately 0 35 kg 0 7 Ibs Environmental Operating conditions Temp
23. 0 is specified as peak noise on PNA it is specified as RMS noise floor The difference is 10 4 dB So you have to improve the 8510 noise floor by 10 4 dB to compare it to PNA values It is easiest to simply measure and adjust There are two steps in determining the equivalent PNA IF BW 1 Measure 8510 noise level 2 Determine Equivalent PNA IF BW Adjust PNA IF BW to match 8510 noise level 1 Measure 8510 noise level Set 8510 up for desired measurement Turn calibration off Place marker at desired point select log mag Set center frequency marker Set span to 0 Hz Set 801 points Turn smoothing off Place reference in center of screen Set reference value marker Select single sweep Continue when sweep is complete Adjust reference value until noise envelope is centered on screen m Adjust scale until noise spreads across 6 grid lines Three noise spikes should pass through either grid 2 or 8 Scale roughly equals rms trace noise TN scale AverageTN Repeat from step k at least three times Average result above 2 Determine equivalent PNA IF BW a Set PNA up for desired measurement Turn calibration off Place marker at desired point select log mag Set center frequency marker Set span to 0 Hz Set 801 points Turn trace statistics on Read rms noise Std Dev from marker data Adjust PNA IF BW until Std Dev Average TN from step 1m 10 Appendix 3
24. 00000000 MHz 26 5000000000 GHz 10 1000000000 MHz 20 0000000000 GHz X Axis Display Annotation Receivers X Axis Point Spacing e om Figure 25 Option 080 dialog box 33 34 Using the PNA E836xC front panel Port 1 Source Out as the LO input for the 85309 We know that for a mixer IF N LO RF where N external mixer harmonic number Since IF 8 33 MHz then 8 33 N LO RF LO MHz RF 8 33 N To set the LO frequency of the 85309 simply set the RF output on the PNA to the LO frequency calculated above Turning on Option H11 with PNA and PNA X Although Option H11 is installed you must assure that the IF switch is set correctly for it to function properly For PNA Select Channel gt Advanced gt IF Switch Configuration Then Select External for both IF Inputs Channel Sweep Start Stog Lenter Span Li Frequency Frequency Offset Power Power and Athenuators Restart Average Average Advanced IF Gain Configuration IF Switch Configuration Interface Control External Source Configuration External Testset Channel Copy Channel Test Set For PNA X Select Channel gt Hardware Setup gt If Switch Config File Trace Chan Response Marker Analysis Stimulus Utility Help Trace gt 0 00dB 50 01 Channel gt Turn On Channel Turn Off Channel ey New Trace Select Channel Trace Max Measurement Class M
25. 85332B do not contain a switch control unit If your system is configured with an 85330A multiple channel controller the switch control unit must be ordered separately Agilent part number 85331 60061 Multiple channel measurements Figure 49 2 and 4 port PIN switches 85331B 1P2T PIN switch 0 045 to 50 GHz 85332B 1P4T PIN switch 0 045 to 50 GHz The 85331B and 85332B PIN switches offer the ability to switch between test channels quickly These high performance PIN switches have 90 dB of isolation low loss and a 45 MHz to 50 GHz bandwidth They are absorptive providing a good impedance match which is key to achieving accurate measurements The switches are small in size and weather resistant Figure 50 shows a typical configuration with the PIN switches connected to the source antenna and AUT Source Antenna antenna under test control unit PIN switch PIN switch control unit From transmit source To receiver Figure 50 A typical multiple channel multiple frequency system configuration 61 62 Application flexibility Far field antenna measurements These products are ideally suited for antennas with multiple test ports or applications that require measuring the co and cross polarization response One PIN switch can switch transmit polarization and a second PIN switch can switch between the separate test ports of the antenna With this technique the co and cross polarization response of each test port
26. Agilent Antenna Test Selection Guide eee oo tone 399000000 ae 2 ae a Pill ES Agilent Technologies Table of Contents OMISIT XT 3 Sc ae Mt 218 o E 3 Main parts of an antenna range ia aa eet 4 Cannel Farmers sossa e LT 4 2 Overview of antenna applications using Agilent PNA Series network analyzers 5 Near field antenna measurements cccccccessssescssssescsesceecsesesecsesesecsssesecassesecasseseeesaesnees 6 Far field antenna measurements esses eene tette tnnt tn tnnt tintas 7 Radar cross section measurements tnnt tnnt tnter tans 10 Banded millimeter wave antenna configurations 11 3 Antenna measurement design considerations 14 Transmit site configuration akandi 14 Receive site configuration with external mixing essent 19 Determining measurement speed sss eene erna 24 Optimizing speed and dynamic range eseeenennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnns 25 PNA interface requirements c cceccsccscscsscsssscsscscsscecsecscsecessececsecaesesasseseeseseesassnseseneeseesaees 26 ST NINE 33 4 Migrating from 8510 8530 to PNA Series 34 Migration from 8510 8530 based antenna systems to PNA Series based systems 34 Engineering services provided for 8510 8530 migration to PNA Series network analyzes kassann ann ln 3b Migration examples
27. Bm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss power dissipation dB Gaur Gain of the test antenna dBi L Cable loss between AUT and test mixer dB Caution Pr must not exceed the maximum power level of the mixer Prm Mixer Conversion Loss must be less than 5 dBm so as to not exceed the 1 dB compression level for the IF input to the 85309A 1 Refer to Table 10 in the Antenna measurement components catalog section on page 52 for mixer conversion loss Power at the analyzer inputs Calculate the IF power levels at the receiver using the following equations Pare Pam conversion loss of mixers conversion gain of 85309A L3 L5 Prest Prp conversion loss of mixers conversion gain of 85309A L4 L6 Where L Cables losses as shown in Figure 11 Conversion gain of 85309A 23 dB typical Caution These values must not exceed the maximum input power level 0 1 dB compression level of the receiver 27 dBm for Option H11 or 14 dBm for Option 014 Reduce the power level of the RF source if necessary or add attenuators prior to the mixers or the analyzer inputs Sensitivity Now determine the sensitivity required of the PNA network analyzer Sensitivity PREF DR S N Where DR Required dynamic range S N Signal to noise ratio calculated previously With this sensitivity number select an analyzer from Table 1 that meets your measurement needs 25 Upgrade note I
28. CIL CK da OCE e COS o m a 2 a e ir toloto E A t ium 15 4 I i i 1 I Figure 32 PNA X N5242A 4 port network analyzer PNA series network analyzers The microwave PNA series instruments are integrated vector network analyzers equipped with a built in S parameter test set synthesized sources hard and floppy disk drives and an LCD display They offer fast data acquisition speeds excellent sensitivity wide dynamic range multiple test channels and frequency agility without compromising measurement accuracy Frequency coverage is from 10 MHz to 110 GHz with extensions to 325 GHz Features Excellent sensitivity due to mixer based architecture In addition the ability to select from a minimum of 29 different IF bandwidths allows the user to optimize the sensitivity versus measurement speed tradeoff Extremely fast data transfer rates are accomplished using the COM DCOM features Flexibility with 4 simultaneous test receivers and 20 001 data points per trace Pulsed measurement capability for point in pulse with pulse widths smaller than 100 ns Removable hard drive ensures the security of the data Options Time domain capability Option 010 Optional time domain capability is available with the PNA Series network analyzer Time domain is most often used for locating reflections inside anechoic chambers Time domain displays reflections versus time or distance inside an an
29. Direct access receiver Rear inputs Opt 020 IF inputs 7 605634 MHz H11 damage level is 20 dBm Figure 39 85309A LO IF distribution unit block diagram 20 MHz 6 dBm 7 605634 MHz 9 dBm 49 50 85309A H30 H31 and H32 high power LO IF distribution units The 85309A H30 H31 and H32 are the high power versions of the 85309A LO IF distri bution unit H30 H31 and H32 designate special high power options for the 85309A 85309A H30 high output power one test channel and one reference channel 85309A H31 high output power two test channels and one reference channel 85309A H32 high output power three test channels and one reference channel Specifications Table 8 85309A H30 H31 and H32 specifications Characteristics Minimum Frequency range 0 3 Power output 21 5 Power output 2240 Power output 24 15 Power output 2235 Output power or channel tracking LO input return loss LO output return loss IF channel small 21 signal gain Typical gt 424 51 gt 251 4251 gt 497 gt 430 gt 262 gt 251 gt 281 1 Typical measurement on 85309A H32 test channel 3 2 Typical measurement on 85309A H32 test channel 3 6 to 9 GHz 0 dBm input Absolute maximum ratings LO input power CW Ref channel IF input power CW Ref channel detector Input Pos Z blanking input Storage temperature Operating temperatu Other information re Connectors
30. E o3 max or Tox n a PNA X N5264A measurement receiver 7 1 x i i sa t He L 0 1 F Dist unit 85320A B UR CM Dwn conv mixers Eie C SEM TI C RNC w 99309A ie en trim Y in LO out ALC aa FER i Pin Ref Or um i 0 to 6 dBm Po chai 1 an Pmxr VN Fi 8 to 16 dBm 6 26 5 GHz 14 2 8 85 GHz x Test A Ux chan or vx 12 4 dB max PNA E836xC network analyzer Opt H11 E d Mm mi PE e x oo EM X 4 X loo jeg B5 wm B 4 EE 2223 A y L 0 LF Dist unit 85320A B Sige Hu 1 Opt H50 Sss coss x CEN Dwn conv mixers Sas 1 Pi in LO out ALC ss b ox 1 In amp Q9 Qi 0 to 6 dBm LLL Q i ba amp 19 dBm Pmxr _ 2 18 GHz 12 to 17 dBm 2 18 GHz Test P chan 7 dB max P P 1 L 0 LF Dist unit 85320A B Opt H50 ies Dwn conv mixers Pin LO out ALC in 0 to 6 dBm ia Po chan 1 Pmxr 19 dBm UU odes 18 50 GHz 6 16 7 GHz Test chan 1 Mixers are operated in the 3rd harmonic mode 48 7 dB max Figure 38 85309A external mixer configurations 85309A options Option 001 adds a second test channel provides a total of two test channels and one reference channel Option 002 adds two additional test channels provides a total of three test channels and one reference channel Option 908 rack mount kit without handles Option 913 rack mount kit with handles Option 910 additional manual Option W30 exten
31. L x 25 mm 1 0 in D Weight 85320A H20 700 g 1 52 Ib 85320A 615 g 1 35 Ib 85320A H50 794 g 1 75 Ib 85320B H20 840 g 1 85 Ib 85320B 840 g 1 85 Ib 85320B H50 1021 g 2 25 Ib D 56 N5280 1A Frequency converter Figure 44 N5280A frequency converter front and rear panels Description The Agilent N5280 1A is a four channel frequency converter test set This test set is used with the Agilent N5242A 2 port or 4 port PNA X network analyzer and a Nb264A measurement receiver It can be operated with other microwave accessories couplers power splitters The N5280 1A provides a convenient means of customizing a test con figuration for a variety of applications within a frequency range of 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz and 10 MHz to 50 0 GHz respectively Features Four measurement inputs Exceptional low noise floor with fundamental mixing e Wide IF frequency 0 007 to 20 MHz with jumper or 0 007 to 1 5 GHz without jumper LP out LP in Max BW Figure 45 N5280A frequency converter rear panel detail N5280A Test set options The N5280A has two available options Standard There are no attenuators in the RF input paths Option 001 There are four 35 dB attenuators in the RF paths to reduce the power levels N5280A instrument dimensions Weight 11 4 kg 25 Ib Height 8 9 cm 3 5 in Width 42 5 cm 16 7 in Depth 48 3 cm 19 in Table 11 N5280A frequency range and connectors Port Frequenc
32. PNA has been correctly configured with an external source for making antenna measure ments The utility configures the PNA as a receiver and communicates with external sources over GPIB The triggering is done by handshaking the PNA and external sources using the TTL trigger in and trigger out capabilities on the PNA and PSG The software does not verify specifications but is useful in determining that a valid connection has been established between the analyzer and the source Go to http na tm agilent com pna antenna to download the program 39 4 Migrating from 8510 8530 to PNA Migration from 8510 8530 based antenna systems to PNA network analyzer based systems Table 3 shows the various system components of 8510 8530 based antenna systems and their recommended replacement components While the components listed are recommended replacements some interface requirements are different Refer to the Antenna measurement design considerations section on page 14 for interface requirements Table 3 Cross reference for 8510 8530 based antenna systems migrating to PNA network analyzer based systems System Components 8510C 8510C 008 8514B 8515A 8517B 85110A 85110L 8530A 8511A 8511B 85105A 085104A U85104A V85104A W85104A 8360 Series 36 Description Network analyzer Network analyzer with pulse capability 45 MHz 20 GHz test set 45 MHz 26 5 GHz test set 45 MHz 50 GHz test set Pulsed 2 20 GHz test
33. R15 50 75 V11644A WR12 60 90 N5260AC12 WR10 15 110 W11644A WR08 90 140 N5260AC08 WRO06 110 170 N5260AC06 WR05 140 220 N5260AC05 WR03 220 325 N5260AC03 WR02 2 325 500 N5260AC02 Extended WR12 56 94 N5260AC12 1 PNA microwave E836xC network analyzers A 04 00 firmware release or later Option Descriptions Millimeter Module Cable Options for N561A and N5262A Millimeter Test Set Controller Option 501 A set of 4 foot cables for connection of a module to the test set controller Option 502 A set of 2 meter cables for connection of module to the test set controller Option 503 A set of 3 meter cables for connection of module to the test set controller Option 505 A set of 5 meter cables for connection of module to the test set controller The following Oleson Microwave Laboratory OML Millimeter wave VNA2 frequency extension modules for S parameter measurements are supported WR 15 50 75 GHz WR 12 60 90 GHz WR 10 75 110 GHz WR 8 90 140 GHz WR 6 110 170 GHz WR 5 140 220 GHz WR 4 170 260 GHz WR 3 220 325 GHz With the OML heads that operate above 110 GHz for S parameter measurements ratio IF bandwidths of 10 or 100 Hz should be used to optimize performance In addition two external synthesizers PSG series can be used to enhance system dynamic range especially at or above 220 GHz In order to obtain this solution the following equipment is required PNA series network
34. RF and LO sources must be offset by 8 33 MHz Normal operation of the PNA automatically offsets the internal LO 8 33 MHz from the internal RF Above 20 GHz the PNA switches to 3rd harmonic mode so that RF 3 LO 8 33MHz This configuration allows the 85309A IF output to be connected to the PNA H11 rear panel IF inputs bypassing the first PNA mixer This configuration provides the best sensitivity 85309A with PNA X configure with Option 020 and 080 With this setup the 85309A must create a 7 605634 MHz IF signal The RF and LO sources must be offset by 7 605634 MHz Normal operation of the PNA X automatically offsets the internal LO 7 605634 MHz from the internal RF This configuration allows the 85309A IF output to be connected to the PNA X option 020 rear panel IF inputs bypass ing the first PNA X mixer This configuration provides the best sensitivity 85309A with PNA X Measurement Receiver With this setup the 85309A must create a 7 605634 MHz IF signal The RF and LO sources must be offset by 7 605634 MHz PNA X measurement receiver option 108 automatically offsets 7 605634 MHz from the external RF when operates in couple mode This configuration allows the 85309A IF output to be connected to the rear panel IF inputs This configuration provides the best sensitivity and lower cost Note The following equations are not required for frequencies under 20 GHz At lower frequencies the PNA operates in fundamental mixing mode and the LO
35. analyzer with Options H11 UNL 014 080 and 081 N5260A millimeter wave controller Millimeter wave VNA frequency extension modules from Agilent or Oleson Microwave Labs Figure 12 shows a PNA banded millimeter wave solution applied to an outdoor antenna measurement The transmit side left uses an OML Transmit Receive T R module and the receive side right uses the OML Dual T module Dual T modules are ideal for measuring both vertical and horizontal polarities of the antenna Use of the T R module also allows voltage standing wave ratio VSWR testing of the AUT oil OML Receive AUT OML Wave guide head Laem m Wave guide head OML Dual rear head Transmit feed OML TR head PNA E836xC l N5260A Test set controller Figure 12 Typical millimeter wave antenna application with PNA E836xC with Opt 014 080 081 UNL and H11 OML Receive AUT OML Wave guide head LI m Wave guide head H OML Dual rear head Transmit feed OML TR head N524xA Option 200 080 020 m N5261A Test set controller Figure 13 Typical millimeter wave antenna application with N5242A PNA X Opt 020 For additional information about millimeter measurements see Application Note 1408 15 Banded Millimeter Wave Measurements with the PNA literature number 5989 4098EN 15 3 Antenna 16 measurement design considerations When designing an antenna measurement system there are many parameters that must be cons
36. can be measured in one rotation of the antenna Near field antenna measurements For near field applications both the co and cross polarized response of an antenna can be measured at multiple frequencies in a single scan across the antenna For the dual polarized response a PIN switch can be used to rapidly switch between the two probe polarizations Radar cross section measurements For Radar cross section RCS applications the ability to rapidly switch transmit and receive polarization allows full polarimetric RCS measurements to be made quickly and easily Complex switch configurations Complex PIN switch trees with multiple outputs can be easily configured Figure 51 shows conceptually how multiple PIN switches can be configured Configurations such as these are used in making phased array antenna measurements 85331B 2B 201 Switch control unit Multiple channel controller Figure 51 Example 1P16T switch configuration constructed from modular components Switch specifications Table 17 85331 32B specifications Model Frequency ON S21 OFFS21 OFFS22 ONS22 0ONS11 Max power number range GHz db db db db db dBm 85331B 0 045 to 0 5 2 0 85 19 0 10 0 10 0 27 1P2T 0 5 to 18 4 5 90 19 0 10 0 10 0 27 18 to 26 5 6 0 90 12 5 6 0 5 5 27 26 5 to 40 10 0 85 10 0 6 0 45 27 0 045 to 0 5 2 0 85 19 0 9 0 10 0 27 85332B 0 5 to 18 4 5 90 19 0 9
37. ckly and easily Table 4 Recommended consulting services Note Transition scenario Recommended service Description Additional consulting services can be purchased Users migrating 8510 network H7215B 203 PNAseries network analyzer at time of sale or later by ordering part number analyzers to new PNA series operation training course PS S20 100 solutions TO Test programmers converting R1362A 116 8510 to PNA series test code automated 8510 network analyzer conversion service systems to PNA series solutions H7215B 204 PNA programming using SCPI training course H7215B 205 PNA programming using COM training course Test engineers creating a test R1361A 112 Network analyzer test plan plan that makes use of the new development service high performance PNA series features 37 Migration examples When migrating from an 8510 8530 to a PNA series network analyzer it is important to recognize the differences in power speed and sensitivity between the analyzers In remote mixing configurations using Option H11 the damage level of the PNA is much lower than the 8510 8530 You must assure that the power going into the ana lyzer does not exceed 27 dBm by placing attenuators between the 85309A and the H11 inputs Review section Option H11 IF access earlier in this document for more detailed information The internal source of the PNA and PNA X improves the measurement speed over an external source however the internal source is
38. com find security Visit this site for current information on security Issues Procedure for declassifying a faulty instrument When shipped from the factory all PNAs have PNA specific files stored on the hard disk drive When replacing a hard disk drive in order to achieve specified performance the PNA specific files must be copied to the new hard drive These files all begin with mxcalfiles and are located in the directory C Program Files Agilent Network Analyzer Perform the following procedure to declassify a PNA if it needs to be removed from a secure area 1 When a new PNA is received or if this step has not yet been done copy files that begin with mxcalfiles from the hard disk drive to a floppy disk This disk should be maintained in a non secure area 2 Purchase the appropriate spare hard drive and keep it with the floppy disk Clearly mark this hard drive as Unsecured 3 Remove the secure hard drive from the PNA and keep it in the secured area Remove the PNA from the secured area and install the unsecured hard drive 5 f not previously done copy the mxcalfiles from the floppy disk to the unsecured hard drive into the directory listed above m Perform the following procedure when the PNA needs to be returned to the secure area Any servicing of the PNA may include the regeneration of correction constants Most of these are contained in the onboard EEPROMs so no action is necessary The only exception i
39. d 025 internal pulse generators add pulsed RF for pulsed antenna test applications PNA Series Option H11 adds inter nal receiver gates for use in pulsed RF and pulsed antenna test applications Combined with Option H08 these gates augment the PNA s pulse measurement capability by enabling point in pulse testing with pulse widths smaller than 100 ns Security For secure environments the PNA family features a removable hard drive to completely ensure the security of the data that is acquired by the PNA Refer to Appendix 1 on page 64 for detailed information The following sections demonstrate how the PNA can be integrated into your near field far field RCS and millimeter wave systems Near field antenna measurements In near field applications the probe is located very close to the antenna under test AUT so sensitivity and dynamic range are not as important a performance consider ation as in a far field antenna range The user selectable bandwidth feature can be used to optimize the measurement speed vs sensitivity tradeoff By selecting the widest bandwidth available 600 kHz the measurement speed is maximized The PNA X ana lyzer is mixer based with fundamental mixing to 26 5 GHz providing a 24 dB increase in sensitivity and dynamic range over sampler based analyzers This more than makes up for the sensitivity reduction realized when the IF bandwidth of the PNA X is opened up to its maximum to maximize measurement speed Ther
40. d on request Select the appropriate quantity of modules required for the measurement set up To request a specially configured test module contact your local Agilent sales engineer The single and dual channel receiver modules are used for antenna applications or for 1 port single path S parameter measurements Transmission reflection modules Transmission reflection modules with 15 dB LO and RF amplifier Standard transmission reflection modules Transmission reflection modules with 25 dB mechanical attenuator Waveguide flange Frequency GHz WR22 33 50 N5256AW22 STD N5256AW22 001 N5256AW22 002 WR15 50 75 N5256AW15 STD N5256AW15 001 N5256AW15 002 WR12 60 90 N5256AW12 STD N5256AW12 001 N5256AW12 002 WR10 15 110 N5256AW10 STD N5256AW10 001 N5256AW10 002 WR08 90 140 N5256AW08 STD N5256AW08 001 N5256AW08 002 WR06 110 170 N5256AW06 STD N5256AW06 001 N5256AW06 002 WR05 140 220 N5256AW05 STD N5256AW05 001 N5256AW05 002 WR03 220 325 N5256AW03 STD N5256AW03 001 N5256AW03 002 WR02 2 325 500 N5256AW02 STD Not available N5256AW02 0022 Extended WR12 56 94 N5256AX12 STD N5256AX12 001 Available on request 1 Note the modules with the RF LO amplifiers are for antenna applications that include a cable loss of 15 dBm to the module from the port of the Test set being used Do not connect these directly to the test set controller port with the standard 48 inch cable use a 15
41. d third harmonic mixing can be used for the frequency range of 6 to 26 5 GHz The 85320A B H50 operates in fundamental mixing mode from 2 to 18 GHz and in third harmonic mode from 18 to 50 GHz Fundamental mixing mode provides the lowest conversion loss and best sensitivity 85320A test mixers The 85320A 85320A H20 and 85320A H50 contain a diplexer that combines the LO input and IF output onto a single coaxial connector which is useful for systems using a rotary joint RF input 3 dB attenuator Connector type varies with option number Diplexer Type N connector LO input IF output Figure 42 85320A test mixer 85320B reference mixers The 85320B 85320B H20 85320B H50 contain a leveling coupler detector that provides a leveling signal to the 85309A LO IF distribution unit ensuring leveled LO drive power to the mixer RF input 3 dB attenuator Connector type varies with option number Type N female connector Figure 43 85320B reference mixer 09 54 Specifications Frequency range 85320A B H20 85320A B 85320A H50 85320A H50 Fundamental mixing mode Fundamental mixing mode Fundamental mixing mode Third harmonic mode Maximum input levels Maximum DC voltage at input Maximum signal level at RF or LO inputs Optimum input levels when connected to 85309A LO IF Distribution Unit LO input power RF input power Table 9 LO signal power 85320A B H20 85320A B 85320A
42. dB pad if needed 2 These modules require an external DC power supply e g E3615A when using them with the N5260A 3 For transmission reflection modules with both the 25 dB mechanical attenuator and the 15 dB LO and RF amplifier order N5256AWxx 003 Not available for N5256A W02 Single channel receive modules standard single channel receive modules Single channel receive modules Frequency GHz with 15 dB LO amplifier Waveguide flange WR22 33 50 N5257AR22 STD N5257AR22 001 WR15 50 75 N5257AR15 STD N5257AR15 001 WR12 60 90 N5257AR12 STD N5257AR12 001 WR10 75 110 N5257AR10 STD N5257AR10 001 WR08 90 140 N5257AR08 STD N5257AR08 001 WR06 110 170 N5257AR06 STD N5257AR06 001 WR05 140 220 N5257AR05 STD N5257AR05 001 WR03 220 325 N5257AR03 STD N5257AR03 001 WR02 2 325 500 N5257AR02 STD Available on request Dual channel receive modules Waveguide flange Frequency GHz receive module with 15 dB LO amplifier WR15 50 75 N5258AD15 STD N5258AD15 001 WR12 60 90 N5258AD12 STD N5258AD12 001 WR10 15 110 N5258AD10 STD N5258AD10 001 WR08 90 140 N5258AD08 STD N5258AD08 001 WRO06 110 170 N5258AD06 STD N5258AD06 001 WR05 140 220 N5258AD05 STD N5258AD05 001 WR03 220 325 N5258AD03 STD N5258AD03 001 Standard dual channel Dual channel receive module Millimeter wave calibration kits Waveguide flange Frequency GHz Calibration kit WR22 33 50 Q11644A W
43. ded return to Agilent warranty Option W31 extended on site warranty Special options Occasionally an application requires locating the mixers at a distance greater than is possible with a standard 85309A Greater distances require additional LO output power from the 85309A Several special options that increase the output power of the 85309A are available Refer to the 85309A H30 section in this document Other information Connectors Environmental Non operating conditions Power consumption type N female operating conditions 0 to 55 C 40 to 75 C 5 to 90 relative humidity non condensing 47 5 to 66 Hz 100 120 or 220 240 VAC 10 125 VA maximum Weight 15 5 kg 34 Ib Size 460 mm 18 1 in W x 133 mm 5 25 in H x 533 mm 21 in D RF input to mixers 24 dBm 1 dB compression point Conversion gain from RF input of mixers to IF output of 85309A 10 5 dB LO input to 85309A should be 0 to 6 dBm LO input ot mixers should be 11 to 14 dBm Agilent 85309A LO IF unit Slope ad Detector voltage display Test IF PNA E836xC PNA Series network analyzers and measurement receivers Front Opt 014 Max input 1 dB 20 MHz 10 dBm network A B R1 R2 analyzer Rear Opt H11 8 33 MHz 27 dBm lt ALC feedback A B R1 R2 PNA X N5242A Test port 20 MHz 8 dBm network analyzer Test antenna PNA X N4264A measurement receiver
44. e PNA RF source and LO outputs for external mixing e Pulsed measurement capability with Option H08 e Direct access to the internal IF 0 1 dB Compression point 21 dBm Damage level 20 dBm Minimum IF gate width 20 ns for less than 1 dB deviation from theoretical performance internal gates DC damage level to pulse connector inputs 5 5 Volts Drive voltage TTL 0 5 0 Volts Gate input impedance 1Kohm Figure 22 PNA E836xC network analyzer rear connectors LO output N5264A Opt 108 10 dBm typical N5242A 0 to 6 dBm IF inputs 0 1 dB Compression point 9 dBm Damage level 23 dBm Figure 23 PNA X N5242A network analyzer and PNA X N5264A measurement receiver rear connectors 1 Test port power has to be at a high enough level such that the Drop Cal does not occur If Drop Cal occurs then the power out of the rear panel RF connector will drop by about 15 dB Option H11 IF access Option H11 is only available on the PNA network analyzers Option H11 also requires Options 014 080 081 and UNL Option H11 provides direct access to the first IF down conversion stage The external IF input allows 8 33 MHz IF signals from remote mixers to be input directly to the PNA digitizer bypassing the PNA s RF conversion stage The test system becomes a distributed network analyzer with a tracking source and a tuned receiver This shifts the dynamic range curves and increases sensitivity by approximately 20 dB
45. easurement Class 30 00 Copy Channel IF Gain Config 10 00 IF Filter Config IF Switch Config 0 00 Interface Control External Test Set gt 20 00 Hardware Setup d Path Config Figure 26 Enabling external IF inputs Near field data collection Frequency multiplexing during a data scan acquisition can result in a misalignment of the rectangular near field grid between forward and reverse data scan directions This introduces an error into the measured near field data set which results in a far field pattern One way to eliminate this error is to always collect data measurements in the same scan direction but this would double the data scan acquisition time Another approach is to scan frequencies in reverse order on reverse scans Using this reverse sweep in conjunction with correct triggering between forward and reverse passes insures that each frequency set is spatially aligned on the rectangular near field grid This technique requires an RF source that supports reverse frequency list mode of oper ation The PNA network analyzer includes reverse sweep and edge triggering capability specifically designed for antenna measurements Forward Reverse mum Forward Reverse Solution Reverse frequency sweep and synchronous triggers Figure 27 Reverse sweep with synchronous triggers Functional test A software utility is available for the PNA network analyzer that helps verify that a
46. echoic chamber Knowing the distance of a reflection from the source antenna helps the operator locate the reflection source and helps to identify and mitigate the reflection Figure 34 shows the time domain response of a compact antenna test range the various reflection sources are identified File View Channel Sweep Calibration Trace Scale Marker System Window Help Stimulus Start 8200000000 GHz E Star Transmitting antenna 30 00 S A Receiving antenna u TTT A TL Tj 0 00 j IN A f E 70 00 HA 9 MAN d YW A A y FA V N i j J N 0 00 i 0 00 PA 100 00 1 TS l1 i l4 Chi Star S0000ns Stop 15 000 ns Figure 33 Time domain plot Configurable test set Option 014 PNA only Provides six front panel access loops Three access loops are for port one and three for port two The loops provide access to the signal path between a the source output and the reference receiver b the source output and directional coupler thru arm and c the coupled arm of the directional coupler and the port receiver This option improves instrument sensitivity for measuring low level signals by allowing the user to bypass the internal couplers and enter the test signal directly into the receiver port of the analyzer See PNA Series Microwave Data Sheet literature number 5988 7988EN for a basic block diagram Frequency offset Option 080 This option enables the PNA Ser
47. een components Understand issues related to selecting the equipment required to make antenna measurements Learn how to migrate from the 8510 to PNA network analyzer or 8530 to Nb264A PNA X measurement receiver Main parts of an antenna range A typical antenna range measurement system can be divided into two separate parts the transmit site and the receive site see Figure 1 The transmit site consists of the microwave transmit source amplifiers optional the transmit antenna and the com munications link to the receive site The receive site consists of the antenna under test AUT a reference antenna receiver LO source RF downconverter positioner system software and a computer Transmit site Receive site Figure 1 Simplified far field antenna range example with MXG Source and N5264A PNA X Measurement Receiver with LO source Opt 108 Channel Partners Agilent works with channel partners who develop complete antenna test and antenna range solutions These partners build and install antenna measurement systems working with Agilent engineers to solve customer problems Agilent instruments such as measurement receivers network analyzers sources and accessories are sold either directly to the end user or through Agilent channel partners Contact your Agilent sales representative for a channel partner in your local area 2 Overview of antenna applications using Agilent PNA Series network analyzers The Agil
48. efore the PNA X can achieve faster data acquisition speeds with increased sensitivity in near field applications over legacy configurations See Figure 2 fc l M 1 n l N d Pin switch TELET a Pin switch control Wee ae LAN 2g a ctu Lgs a rH 2 SE 588 r amp EX 4 L ue eH Figure 2 Typical near field antenna measurement configuration using a PNA X In addition PNA L with direct receiver access can be used Note With Option H11 the first IF of the PNA is at 8 33 MHz so when using H11 inputs the user should offset external mixer LO inputs by 8 33 MHz Far field antenna measurements The N5264A PNA X measurement receiver based system uses 85320A B broadband external mixers and a 85309A distributed frequency converter and provides the best measurement solution shown in Figure 4 With Option 108 the internal microwave synthesized source can be used as the LO source for the 85309A LO IF Distribution Unit Alternatively PNA X Option 020 or PNA with Option H11 IF access can achieve high sensitivity required for far field antenna measurements Higher sensitivity can be achieved since the IF signal bypasses the first down conversion stage in the PNA PNA X and is routed directly to the input of the second down conversion stage in the rear panel Optional Source antenna D VO Reference mixer amplifier N
49. els of the next components typically either the PNA or in more complex systems a mixer See the individual compo nent specifications for detailed information Calculate the effective radiated power The effective radiated power Epp is the power level at the output of the transmit antenna Enp P source m Li Lo Gamp G Where Epp Effective radiated power dBm P ource Power out of the source dBm L4 amp L Loss from cable s between source and antenna dB Gamp Gain of the amplifier if used dBi G Gain of transmit antenna dBi Calculate the free space loss The free space loss or power dissipation Pp of an antenna range determines the difference in power levels between the output of the transmit antenna and the output of an isotropic OdBi antenna located at the receive site This free space loss is due to the dispersive nature of a transmitting antenna transmitting antenna radiates a spherical wavefront only a portion of this spherical wavefront is captured by the receiving antenna For a free space far field range this range transfer function is easily determined as follows Pp 3245 20 log R 20 log F where Pp Free space loss power dissipation dB R Range length meters F Test frequency GHz This equation does not account for atmospheric attenuation which can be a significant factor in certain millimeter wave frequency ranges Compact antenna test ranges CATRs achieve g
50. ensitivity than the PNA refer to Table 1 in section 3 for a sensitivity comparison For additional information and specifications refer to the PNA L data sheet literature number 5989 0514EN ENA The ENA differs from the PNA in the following ways Option H11 IF access Option H08 Pulsed RF measurement capability and Option 014 Configurable test set are not available The ENA is limited to 8 5 GHz and cannot be upgraded to millimeter wave frequencies It also has no security features The ENA is the lowest cost solution For additional information and specifications refer to the ENA data sheet literature number 5988 3780EN Sources D fs G OO e fs g cCcecesacoocooo e D coocecmsep9ct 5 cececegooomsge o 200 eim O e ez lk Figure 36 MXG sources When selecting a transmit source for an antenna range frequency range and output power are the primary concerns Future frequency requirements should also be consid ered Agilent offers a variety of signal generators with different frequency ranges and output power Source frequency switching speed must also be considered for some applications Agilent sources provide different switching speed capability with options for setting times less than 1 ms Depending on individual preference select a transmit source from Table 5 If the system is to be used for measuring antennas in a pulsed mode of operation Pulse modulation Option UNU or Nar
51. ent PNA X measurement receiver and PNA PNA X series network analyzers incorporate new technologies and features to provide better performance and capabili ties for antenna and radar cross section RCS test applications High sensitivity The Agilent PNA X measurement receiver is a direct replacement for the previous 8530A model with fast throughput and higher measurement sensitivity The PNA PNA X analyzer has a mixer based architecture providing excellent sensitiv ity With the PNA PNA X series you have the ability to select from a minimum of 29 different IF bandwidths This allows you to optimize the sensitivity versus measurement speed tradeoff to fit particular measurement and application requirements With the PNA X series analyzer you can maximize sensitivity with remote mixing by adding Option 020 IF Access This option allows you to use an externally generated 7 606 MHz IF and bypass the PNA X s internal first down converter Front loops can also improve sensitivity by about 15 dB by bypassing the coupler PNA series analyzers provide maximum sensitivity with remote mixing by adding Option H11 IF Access This option allows you to use an externally generated 8 33 MHz IF and bypass the PNA s internal first down converter Option 014 can also improve sensitivity by about 15 dB by adding reference links that allow you to bypass the coupler Increased speed Extremely fast data transfer rates with the network analyzers are accomplished us
52. er test N 4 Coupler reference signal Optional amplifier Personal computer Positioner controller Figure 7 Far field antenna configuration utilizing internal sources with PNA X standard 10 Radar cross section measurements The PNA Series provides the excellent measurement sensitivity fast frequency agility and data acquisition speeds necessary for RCS measurements Excellent measurement sensitivity is provided by mixer based downconversion technology very fast frequency agility is achieved through the source and receiver being located in the same instru ment The PNA s user selectable IF bandwidths ranging from 1 Hz to 40 kHz let you optimize the bandwidth and measurement speed tradeoff to meet a particular test requirement High power pulses are often used in RCS measurements to overcome the high losses due to low device reflection and two way transmission path loss For this reason receiver gating is often required in RCS measurements to avoid overloading the receiver during the transmission of the pulsed RF signal Figure 8 shows an example of pulse hardware gating which could easily be added to a PNA RCS configuration for those applications requiring pulse hardware gating 81110A Pulse gen Gating hardware Chamber Figure 8 Typical RCS measurement configuration using a PNA X network analyzer Rx rs Tx PIN switch control E836xC PNA network analyzer
53. erally easier to use With SCPI a text string is sent to the PNA the PNA SCPI parser must first decode the text string to determine that the user has asked for specific information then the parser calls the routine to get the information With either COM or SCPI the best throughput is attained by using the PNA s internal PC to execute your test code However if your test code uses too much of the system resources CPU cycles and or memory it will slow the PNA s performance For additional information refer to the PNA internal help file or download the file from www agilent com find pna Additional COM DCOM information can be found in Application Note 1408 13 Agilent literature number 5980 2666EN Customers can either develop their own software or work with one of Agilent Technologies channel partners to develop the code Agilent channel partners have software available for PNA drivers 65 Appendix 1 PNA Series security features 66 Terms and definitions Clearing The process of eradicating the data on media before reusing the media so that the data can no longer be retrieved using the standard interfaces on the instrument Clearing is typically used when the instrument is to remain in an environment with an acceptable level of protection Sanitization The process of removing or eradicating stored data so that the data cannot be recovered using any known technology Instrument sanitization is typically required when an i
54. erature 20 to 55 C 4 to 131 F Humidity 5 to 95 at 40 C or less non condensing Non operating conditions Temperature 40 to 70 C 40 to 158 F Humidity 5 to 95 at 65 C or less non condensing Power Supplied by external controller Measurement automation Agilent s PNA network analyzers provide several interface methods for automating antenna measurements Applications can be run using external computers or con trollers User loaded applications can be executed directly from the PNA s internal Microsoft Operating System Measurement automation allows the user to quickly and easily control the PNA for operations such as frequency sweeps and making antenna pattern measurements The PNA series network analyzers have two connections for communicating with external software GPIB and LAN The protocol used to communicate with the analyzer determines which physical connection will be used There are two methods available to remotely control the PNA Component object model COM and Standard Commands for Programmable Instrumentation SCPI The COM protocol requires a LAN connection SCPI protocol can be used directly over GPIB or you can use the Standard Instrument Control Library SICL 1 0 libraries with a LAN connection COM uses a binary protocol allowing the user to directly invoke a PNA feature This is more efficient than SCPI a text based instrument language COM typically executes faster than SCPI and is gen
55. ference and test mixer modules This is to ensure that the insertion losses through the reference and test mixer module LO paths are the same Using the same LO cable type also optimizes cable phase track ing versus temperature and therefore system phase measurement stability and accuracy When a rotary joint is used the equivalent cable length must be added to the reference mixer LO cable due to the rotary joint inser tion loss To determine the equivalent cable length first determine the insertion loss from the input to the output of the rotary joint at the maximum LO frequency Then using inser tion loss curves for the LO cables between the 85309A and the mixer module calculate the equivalent length in meters at the maximum LO frequency The reference LO cable length must be increased by this amount Calculate required power of LO source P cable length meters X cable loss dB meter P 85309A where P Power out of the LO source dBm Pin Required power into 85309A 0 to 6 dBm Select a source that meets your individual preferences and needs Higher output power sources or an amplifier must be used if P is insufficient Reference signal level The reference mixer provides a phase reference for the measurement and a reference signal for a ratioed measurement test reference to ratio out any variations in signal levels from the system If you select RF and LO sources that are synthesized or use the internal so
56. gt p PSG or MXG source 85320A Test mixer Radiated Ref Signal LO in Jobb L 85309A LO IF distribution unit ul JoBBu N e e I N ZHIN 909 E5818A Trigger box et N5242A PNA X Opt 200 020 coe Pul WR GORRE pevseveee Mio es P Trigger out Trigger in PNA X and PSG E5818A Trigger box Measurement automation software LAN hub Figure 3 Typical far field antenna measurement configuration using a PNA X network analyzer Optional Source antenna amplifier gt PSG or MXG source 85320A Test mixer 4 HX Reference mixer 85309A LO IF distribution unit Radiated Ref Signal LO in Jobb ul JoBBu E5818A Trigger box N5264A Opt 108 E5818A Trigger box a LL d a ga Lo qe Measurement automation software LAN hub Figure 4 Typical configuration for a compact antenna range using using a PNA X measurement receiver Optional Source antenna amplifier gt 4 4 hore Radiated Ref Signal Reference 85320A Test mixer PSG or MXG source LO in Jobb 85309A LO IF distribution unit LO out e s ul 19BBu E5818A Trigger box E836xC Opt H11 PNA X and PSG E5818A Trigger box Measurement automation software Fig
57. han Or amp ox 14 5 dB max PNA E836xC network analyzer Opt H11 e l ism t P B 1 gl 8 ON T SEE BH x L 0 1 F Dist unit Opt H3 85320A B PB EH C iid A 5 sm Goes E scuta LO 85309A Dwn conv mixers ie _Pi 1 purs In LO out ALC sa 0 to 6 dB Q Ref e d D bc Po chan 1 spm 12 19 17 dBm 2 18 GHz 1 2 18 GHz 1 Test Y chan 10 5 dB max 1 4 LI L 0 1 F Dist unit 85320A B Opt H3x Opt H50 mmm Dwn conv mixers Pins LO out ALC 0 to 6 d Ref 35 pm 18 50 GHz sm 12 to 17 dBm 2 16 7 GHz Test chan 10 5 dB max Figure 40 85309A Option H30 31 32 external mixer configurations 1 Mixers are operated in the 3rd Harmonic Mode 51 52 85320A B mixer modules Figure 41 85320A B mixer module The 85320A B 85320A B H20 and 85320A B H50 mixer modules are designed for use with the 85309A LO IF distribution unit Each antenna range should have one reference mixer B model numbers and one to three text mixers A model numbers In conjunc tion with the 85309A the mixers serve to downconvert microwave frequencies to an IF signal for measurement by the PNA network analyzer Features The mixer modules are broadband with various operating frequencies which are designated by option number The 85320A B H20 are low frequency modules that operate from 300 MHz to 3 GHz in fundamental mixing mode The 85320A B operate in fundamental mixing mode from 1 to 18 GHz an
58. idered in order to select the optimum equipment Begin by considering the components for the transmit site then move to the receive site Designing a complete antenna system often requires you to configure the transmit site then the receive site and then make adjustments to the transmit site and recalculate the values for optimum performance Transmit site configuration Transmit antenna Optional amplifier Figure 14 Transmit site configuration Select the transmit source In selecting the transmit source consider the frequency range of the antenna under test the distance to the transmit antenna the available power of the source and the speed requirements for the measurements For compact ranges and near field ranges the internal PNA source will typically be the best source to meet your measurement needs The internal source is faster than an external source and may lower the cost of the complete system by eliminating a source Large outdoor ranges may require an external source that can be placed at a remote transmit site Will a transmit amplifier be used Begin by making your power calculations without an amplifier If after doing the power calculations the transmit power is not high enough then add an amplifier and run the calculations again Note A calculator which will derive this number for you can be found at http na tm agilent com pna antenna Note Payt must not exceed the specified compres sion input lev
59. ies microwave network analyzers to set the source frequency independently from where the receivers are tuned This ability is useful for antenna measurements where the measurement system contains remote mixers and for RCS measurements in pulse mode IF access Option H11 PNA only Provides IF gating hardware and hardware to enable antenna and broadband millimeter wave measurements to 110 GHz For each of the PNA s measurement receivers IF gates enabled with pulsed measurement capability Option H08 and external IF inputs are added In addition access to the PNA s internal RF and LO source is provided for remote mixing applications Option H11 is useful for antenna measurements with external mixers Use external IF access for up to 20 dB more sensitivity when making antenna measurements with a remote mixer configuration Pulsed antenna applications also require the Pulse measurement capability Option H08 Broadband measurements to 110 GHz require an N5260A millimeter wave test set controller and test heads Option H11 requires Options 014 080 081 and UNL 1 Up to 67 GHz 41 42 IF inputs for antenna and millimeter wave Option 020 PNA X only The PNA X IF access option provides network analyzer IF signal path access for applications including antenna measurements and extended frequency coverage beyond 26 5 GHz With Option 020 IF access antenna test professionals can use an externally generated 10 7 MHz IF bypassing the PNA
60. ing the COM DCOM features LAN connectivity through a built in 10 100 Mb s LAN inter face enables the PC to be distanced from the test equipment Together these features provide remote testing and reduced test time Option 118 ads fast CW mode and provides a data acquisition speed of more than 400 000 points per second with up to five measurement receivers simultaneously Flexibility and accuracy Up to five simultaneously test receivers A B C D and R are available in the PNA X measurement receiver four receivers in PNA PNA X standard and five receivers in PNA X option 020 with each receiver capable of measuring up to 400 000 points of data Option 080 enables the PNA PNA X series analyzers to set the source frequency independently from where the receivers are tuned The user may enter multiplier and offset values to describe how the instrument s receivers track the source frequency With Option 080 PNA reference receiver power levels can be below the phase lock level since phase locking is performed separately You can attain exceptionally accu rate antenna measurements by combining Option H11 IF access with Option 080 Frequency offset capability and advanced triggering PNA X measurement receivers and PNA PNA X analyzers support synchronization with external signal generators which can further enhance performance and greatly improve measurement accuracy Pulsed measurements PNA X Series Option 020 port one internal modulator an
61. ing faster mea surements than those obtained by conventional filtering The advantage to narrowband detection is that there is no lower pulse width limit since no matter how broad the pulse spectrum is most of it is filtered away anyway leaving only the central spectral component The disadvantage to narrowband detection is that measurement dynamic range is a function of duty cycle As the duty cycle of the pulses gets smaller longer time between pulses the average power of the pulses gets smaller resulting in less signal to noise ratio In this way measurement dynamic range decreases as duty cycle decreases This phenomenon is often called pulse desensitization The degradation in dynamic range in dB can be expressed as 20 log duty cycle An An nh A NI ANANANAAAA 1 unn HABI D r BN WP VE VE LE EVE UE EER A A A M VV UW VE VE UAE M JUL MALUM VV V VV VI VV VV Time domain IF filter D R degradation 20 log duty cycle Frequency domain Figure 34 Time domain The IF gates supplied with Option H11 can only be used with Option H08 H08 includes all of the proprietary algorithms necessary to implement the spectral nulling technique used with narrowband detection H08 also controls the pulse generator s used in the system and performs pulse profile measurements Option H08 comes with two software components One is a dynamic link library DLL which acts as a sub routine and
62. ion using an Agilent PNA X a mm wave controller and Oleson Microwave Laboratory mm wave modules 66 Gee S 0 e SS pem 8 E sa E836xC PNA analyzer with mj OIO Opt 014 080 081 UNL and H11 5 ae OCE m Tx antenna Rx antenna OML test heads Figure 11 Typical millimeter wave configuration using an Agilent PNA a mm wave controller and Oleson Microwave Laboratory mm wave modules 11 Performance network analyzer Product model Description Minimum required options E8362C 20 GHz 2 port performance H11 080 081 014 and UNL network analyzer E8363C 40 GHz 2 port performance H11 080 081 014 and UNL network analyzer E8364C 50 GHz 2 port performance H11 080 081 014 and UNL network analyzer E8361C 67 GHz 2 port performance H11 080 081 014 and UNL network analyzer N5242A Opt 2xx 26 5 GHz 2 port PNA X Option 020 network analyzer N5242A Opt 4xx 26 5 GHz 4 port PNA X Option 020 network analyzer Note When configuring the N5242A Option 200 and 224 required with a N5262A 4 port millimeter wave test set controller also include Option 551 for 4 port calibration capability Optionally for rear panel connection of the RF source to the N5261A N5262A test set controller include the switch combiner options to the N5242A selected above For N5242A with Option 2xx add Option 224 and for the N5242A with Option 4xx add Option 423 For E836x based systems used with modules ab
63. ions WR 12 60 90 GHz WR 10 WR 15 75 110 GHz 50 75 GHz Test set controller for PNA network analyzer E836xC Test set controller for PNA X network analyzer N5242A Test head modules External synthesizers N5260AW15 N5280aw12 N5260AW10 WR 08 WR 06 WR 05 WR 03 90 140 GHz 110 170 GHz 140 220 GHz 220 325 GHz N5260A N5261A N5260AW08 N5260AW06 N5260AW05 N5260AW03 Recommended Required E8257D with Options 520 and UNX E8257D with Qty of 2 one for RF and one for LO Options 520 and UNX Qty of 2 one for RF and one for LO For data sheets and additional details visit www agilent com find na 45 46 Frequency converters Figure 37 85309 LO IF distribution unit and 85320A B mixer modules The 85309A LO IF distribution unit and the 85320A B mixers downconvert a microwave signal to an IF signal that can be measured by the PNA The distributed frequency converter uses external mixers for microwave downconversion These mixers can be located directly at the antenna under test The frequency of operation depends upon the frequency range of the external mixers selected Features Allows mixers to be located at the antenna under test minimizing RF cable loss Allows fundamental mixing to 18 GHz for best sensitivity Provides best rejection of unwanted spurious signals Description The 85309A LO IF distribution unit contains LO signal amplifiers which amplify LO drive
64. lifier specifications Model 83006A 83017A 83018A 83020A 83050A 83051A 87405A 87415A Frequency GHz 0 01 to 26 5 0 5 to 26 5 2 to 26 5 2 to 26 5 2 to 50 0 045 to 50 0 01 to 3 2 to 8 Output power at Pat dBm mW 18 64 typ to 10 GHz 16 40 typ to 20 GHz 14 25 typ to 26 5 GHz 420 100 typ to 20 GHz 415 32 typ to 26 5 GHz 24 250 min to 20 GHz 21 125 min to 26 5 GHz 30 1000 min to 20 GHz 30 0 7 f dBm min 1000 654 mw min 20 f 26 5 GHz 20 100 min to 40 GHz 19 0 2 f dBm 80 3 1A4f mw 40 lt f 50 GHz Output power at PAdB dBm mW min Gain dB min 13 20 to 20 GHz 20 10 10 to 26 5 GHz 18 64 to 20 GHz 25 18 0 75 f dBm 13 to 26 5 GHz 64 7 8 f mw2 20 f 26 5 GHz 22 160 to 20 GHz 17 50 to 26 5 GHz 27 500 to 20 GHz 23 200 to 26 5 GHz 21 to 20 GHz 30 to 20 GHz 21 to 26 5 GHz 15 32 to 40 GHz 23 13 20 to 50 GHz 12 16 min to 45 GHz min 48 6 to 45 GHz 23 10 10 min to 50 GHz min 6 4 to 50 GHz 426 400 typ 426 400 typ 4 2 5 22 min 27 max 23 200 25 1 Detector output can be used for leveling output power at the test port 2 A f f GHz 20 3 f f GHz 40 60 Noise figure dB typ 13 to 0 1 GHz 8 to 18 GHz 13 to 26 5 GHz 8 to 20 GHz 10 to 20 GHz 23 to 26 5 GHz 13 to 26 5 GHz 10 to 20 GHz 6 to 26 5 GHz 10 to 50 GHz 12 to 2 GHz 6 t
65. mode If BW 1kHz or time point gt 1mS all points will be stepped otherwise it will be swept In addition source power cal power sweep and frequency offset mode all force step mode Data taking time point 1 BW 1 10 kHz 100 uSec Since this is faster than 1 mS the PNA is probably in swept mode So 201 points 100 uS point is 20 1 mS Next check the sweep rate limit A 1 GHz span at 600 MHz mSec 1 7 mS So the sweep speed is dominated by time point data taking not sweep rate Therefore data taking 20 1 mS Pre sweep time 222 uS Band crossings None Retrace time 10 to 15 mS Total measurement time 20 1 mS 222 uS 10 to 15 mS 30 to 35 mS NOMINAL Optimizing speed and dynamic range some applications require the fastest speed a system can provide others are concerned with the best dynamic range available With the PNA series network analyzer users can adjust their setup according to their specific needs Options available to improve sensitivity Option 014 Direct receiver access Sensitivity improvements Option H11 IF MUX access Best dynamic range when using external mixers Other tradeoffs Reducing the IF BW improves the dynamic range but reduces the speed Users must determine the optimum settings for their applications For example changing from a 1 kHz IF BW to a 100 Hz IF BW gives a 10 dB improvement in dynamic range but a 10 times reduction in speed 2 28 PNA interface req
66. n general the PNA will provide significant speed improvements over the 8510 or 8530 analyzers However some measurement set ups will require additional external component speed improvements in order to fully capture the PNA speed benefits 26 Determining measurement speed Table 1 shows the measurement speed for data taking only of the analyzer The actual measurement speed also includes frequency stepping time settling time bandcross ing time retrace time and handshake time if two PNAs are used If external sources are used the measurement speed is often determined by the remote source which is usually the slowest resource in the system A measurement times in this section are nominal values 1 Measure the speed Calculating the measurement speed of your antenna test system is not straightforward Two methods can be used to determine the speed of the PNA either measure it directly or use the following equation to calculate the approximate speed To measure the speed either use a program to time when the PNA completes the mea surement or use an oscilloscope and monitor the ready for trigger line out the rear panel BNC labeled 1 0 2 Trig Out Put the PNA in external trigger mode set it to the default of hi level trigger If there is no trigger in you do not have to enable Trigger Out A pull up on the trig in line will cause the PNA to run at max speed The total measurement time is the spacing between trig outs
67. nstrument is moved from a secure to a non secure environment such as when it is returned to the factory for calibration The instrument is declassified Agilent memory sanitization procedures are designed for customers who need to meet the requirements specified by the US Defense Security Service DSS These requirements are outlined in the Clearing and Sanitization Matrix issued by the Cognizant Security Agency CSA and referenced in National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual NISPOM DoD 5220 22M ISL 01L 1 section 8 301 Security erase Refers to either the clearing or sanitization features of Agilent instruments Instrument declassification Procedures that must be undertaken before an instrument can be removed from a secure environment such as Is the case when the instrument is returned for calibration Declassification procedures will include memory sanitization and or memory removal Agilent declassification procedures are designed to meet the require ments specified by the DSS NISPOM security document DoD 5220 22M chapter 8 Table 18 Memory type main memory SDRAM hard disk drive EEPROM Writable during normal operation yes yes No PNA Series memory This section contains information on the types of memory available in your PNA It explains the size of memory how it is used its location volatility and the sanitization procedure Data retained Data Location in when powered Purpose input inst
68. ntenna test equipment and for customers migrating to Agilent s latest network analyzers For the experienced do it yourself customer this selection guide will describe the input and output charac teristics of antenna measurement components available through Agilent Your Agilent Technologies sales engineer will be glad to assist you in procuring the instrumentation Agilent Technologies does not provide software or integration services for antenna measurement systems However Agilent Productivity Services can provide these services for a fee Some customers may prefer the design integration and installation of an antenna system be performed for them by a solution supplier who has extensive antenna test configuration experience Agilent Technologies works with channel partners who can provide this service Our channel partners will work with you to understand your measurement needs and design an antenna test system that meets those needs They will design the RF subsystem the positioning subsystem the measurement application software and provide system installation and training This selection guide is meant as an aid for those with extensive antenna test experience Refer to the Agilent website www agilent com find antenna for access to technical papers and current antenna test equipment information Use this guide to Understand how Agilent instruments can be integrated into your configuration Learn about interface requirements betw
69. o 26 5 GHz 10 to 50 GHz 6 5 to 2 GHz 7 5 to 3 GHz 13 Detector output dc connector No Yes BNC f Yes BNC f Yes BNC f 13 to 26 5 GHz No No No No RF bias nom 12 V 450 mA 12 V 50 mA 12 V 700 mA 12 V 8 50 mA 312V 02A 12 V 50 mA 4 15 V 9 12 V 830 mA 12 V 8 50 mA 12 V 425 mA 12 V 8 50 mA 15 V 80 mA 12 V 900 mA Connectors input output 3 5 mm f 3 5 mm f 3 5 mm f 3 2 A 3 5 mm f 15 V 9 50 mA 2 4 mm f 2 4 mm f N f N m SMA f A 2 meter power cable with a connector on one end and bare wires on the other is shipped with all amplifiers Recommended power supplies The 87422A is the recommended power supply for the 83020A amplifier For all other amplifiers the recommended power supply is the 87421A A 2 meter power cable with connectors to connect between amplifier and power supply is provided with all power supplies Table 16 Power supply specifications ac input dc output Output Size Model voltage nom power H W D 87421A 100 to 240 VAC 12 V 2 0 A 12 V 200 mA 25 W max 57 114 176 mm 50 60 Hz 2 3 4 5 6 9 in 87422A 100 to 240 VAC 15V 33A 15V 50mA 70 W max 86 202 2 6 mm 50 60 Hz 12 V 2 0 A 12 V 200 mA 3 4 8 0 10 9 in 1 The 15V output is designed to power the 83020A the 12V output can be used to power an additional amplifier Note The 85331B and
70. ove 200 GHz these systems require a pair of external synthesizers one for RF and the other for LO to increase the dynamic range see Figure 9 for improvement Recommended synthesizers are E825 D with Options 520 and UNX Millimeter wave test set controllers Product number Description Options N5260A 2 port test controller Includes all cables for connection to PNA for PNA based as well as two sets of 48 inch RF LO DC solution and IF cables for connection to a pair of T R millimeter modules N5261A 2 port test set Option 102 A set of cables for controller for PNA X connection to a 2 port PNA X based configuration Option 104 A set of cables for connection to a 4 port PNA X Option 50x A single set of RF LO DC and IF cables for connection to a single T R millimeter module see Option Descriptions for details N5262A 4 port test set Option 102 A set of cables for controller for PNA X connection to a 2 port PNA X based configuration Option 104 A set of cables for connection to a 4 port PNA X Option 50x A single set of RF LO DC and IF cables for connection to a single T R millimeter module see Option Descriptions for details When configuring the PNA X with a N5260A millimeter wave test set controller please include a 10 dB 3 5 mm pad for connection to the LO and a set of four BNC to SMA adapters Millimeter wave modules Several modules are available and other special options may be configure
71. printouts GPIB console When set to None or Low nothing is blanked When set to High the GPIB console is inactive Frequency information is NOT blanked from the following regardless of security level The frequency converter application Option 083 dialog box information or printouts Service programs Your COM or SCPI programs USB mass storage device security To prevent USB write capability on XPSP2 create a new registry key of HKLM System CurrentControlSet Control StorageDevicePolicies Then create a REG DWORD entry in it called WriteProtect Set it to 1 and you ll be able to read from USB drives but not write to them Remote access interfaces The user is responsible for providing security for the I O ports that allow remote access by controlling physical access to the 1 0 ports The 1 0 ports must be controlled because they provide access to all user settings user states and the display image The 1 0 ports include RS 232 GPIB and LAN The LAN port provides the following services common to all Windows based computers which can be selectively disabled http e ftp sockets telnet There is also a ping service which cannot be selectively disabled This makes it possible to discover IP addresses of connected instruments and allows you to query their setups over the internet but it can also be used to break into the code Note Agilent maintains a security page for all instru ments at www agilent
72. r loss per unit length and higher frequencies have higher loss Therefore the maximum LO frequency utilized will result in the maximum cable loss The maximum LO frequency is dependent on the frequency specified for the antenna range and whether fundamental or harmonic mixing is used There is a trade off between LO frequency and system sensitivity Fundamental mixing provides the lowest conversion loss in the mixer and the best system sensitivity Harmonic mixing allows lower LO frequencies to be used with longer cable lengths but has higher conversion loss in the mixer and less system sensitivity Before calculating cable loss you must first determine the LO frequency If using PNA series Option H11 the LO frequency must be set so that an 8 33MHz IF is produced The PNA Series LO is offset from its RF by 8 33 MHz automatically if the PNA is operated below 20 GHz and frequency offset is turned off Refer to Setting up the PNA LO for an 8 33 MHz IF later in this document for more information The PNA Series internal LO can be accessed through a rear panel output port if Option H11 is installed Its frequency range is limited to 1 7 GHz to 20 GHz The signal on the rear panel is very low power and always requires an amplifier to achieve the required power level at the 85309A The front panel RF can only be used as the LO for the 853094 if it is not used as the system RF Note The same LO cable type and length is required for both the re
73. r with Option 020 amp 080 Figure 18 Receive site configuration with external mixing using the PNA X N5242A network analyzer 21 22 Input 85320A RF in Pin 26 den L Pim 85320B Pin 8 to 16 dBm RF in Reference mixer Pin lt 26 dBm L P 1 RM L LO in Pin 8 to 16 dBm Pout 19 dBm Pout 19 dBm Pin 0 to 6 dBm Freq Max input Damage 1 dB level IF inputs 00 1 7 605634 MHz 10 dBm 15 dBm Rear input Opt 020 333333355 Bb a B 7 605634 MHz 9 dBm 23 dBm E TF GE AS PNA X measurement receiver with Opt 108 Figure 19 Receive site configuration with external mixing using the Nb264A PNA X measure ment receiver Select the LO Source The recommended microwave mixers use fundamental mixing from 300 MHz to 18 GHz and harmonic mixing for frequencies above 18 GHz Thus an LO source that operates over the frequency range of 0 3 to 18 GHz will be adequate for all frequencies of operation large selection of sources is available for the LO source In many situations the PNA Series can supply the LO signal since the LO sources only need to operate over the frequency range of 0 3 to 18 GHz The LO source must be able to supply 0 to 6 dBm power at the 85309A LO input To determine whether the source has enough power cable losses must first be considered Loss of LO cables is dependent on frequency lower frequencies have lowe
74. reater transfer efficiency by collimating or focusing the transmitted power using one or more shaped reflectors Transfer func tions for most CATRs are available from the manufacturer s data sheet or on request If the transfer function is unavailable use the free space loss as a worst case estimate Calculate your range transfer function for the minimum and maximum test frequencies Calculate the maximum power level at the output of the AUT The test channel received power level must be calculated to determine the approxi mate maximum power level present at the output of the antenna under test AUT The required measurement sensitivity is determined from the test channel received power level the required dynamic range and the required measurement accuracy The maximum test channel received power level will occur when the AUT is boresighted relative to the transmit antenna Paut Erp Pp Gaur where Payr Test channel received power level at output of AUT dBm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss dB at the maximum test frequency Gaur Expected maximum gain of AUT dBi 17 18 Dynamic range The dynamic range required to test the AUT is the difference in decibels between maximum boresite level and minimum AUT level that must be measured Examples of these include side lobe level null depth and cross polarization levels Measurement accuracy signal to noise ratio Measurement accuracy is affected
75. rements or to set the device conditions Each pulse generator can be controlled independently from Option H08 pulse measure ment application or through the remote interface The pulse signals from four generators are available on the Pulse I O D sub connector on the PNA X rear panel The N1966A pulse I O adapter is recommended if using external pulse modulators By combining Option 021 022 internal pulse modulators and Option H08 pulse mea surements application the PNA X can be a fully integrated fast and accurate pulse measurement system which provides full pulse measurement capabilities such as pulse average point in pulse and pulse profiling LO source 26 5 GHz Option 108 PNA X only The high output power source option can be used as an LO source for remote mixers or frequency convertors Fast CW mode Option 118 PNA X only Fast CW mode provides extremely fast data acquisition speed of 400 000 points per second with up to five measurement receivers simultaneously Pulse measurements Option H08 The PNA receiver has optional Pulse measurement capability Option H08 This option provides software to set up and control pulsed RF measurements with point in pulse and pulse profile capability Agilent has developed a novel way of achieving narrowband detection using wider IF bandwidths than normal by using a unique spectral nulling technique that lets the user trade dynamic range for speed with the result almost always yield
76. row pulse modulation Option UNW must be ordered Select a transmit source from the following table Table 5 Sources Output power High power Option 1EA Source Frequency range at Fmax at Fmax typical PSG analog signal generators E8257D 520 250 kHz 20 GHz 15 dBm 23 dBm E825 D 532 250 kHz 32 GHz 11 dBm 17 dBm E8257D 540 250 kHz 40 GHz 11 dBm 17 dBm E825 D 550 250 kHz 50 GHz 5 dBm 14 dBm E8257D 567 250 kHz 67 GHz 5 dBm 14 dBm MXG analog signal generators N5183A 520 100 kHz 20 GHz 11 dBm 18 dBm N5183A 532 100 kHz 32 GHz 7 dBm 12 dBm N5183A 540 100 kHz 40 GHz 7 dBm 12 dBm PSG vector signal generators E8267D 520 250 kHz 20 GHz 18 dBm 22 dBm NA E8267D 532 250 kHz 32 GHz 14 dBm 418 dBm NA E8267D 544 250 kHz 44 GHz 10 13 dBm NA For more information on MXG and PSG signal generators visit www agilent com find N5183A www agilent com find PSG Millimeter wave test For frequencies above 67 GHz millimeter wave test head modules are available These modules require the N5260A millimeter wave controller and the internal source of the PNA Select a source module from Table 6 Agilent and Oleson Microwave Laboratory can offer millimeter wave test heads in different configurations allowing for dual test channels transmission reflection only or full s parameter operation depending on your needs Contact your Agilent sales engineer for additional details Table 6 Millimeter wave configurat
77. rument and Sanitization Off contents method remarks procedure no Firmware operating Operating CPU board Cycle power memory system not user yes User files including User saved Removable from calibrations and data rear panel instrument states Yes Instrument Factory or 1 2 or 3 EEPROMs information such as authorized contained on serial number installed personnel most PC Boards options correction only constants Memory clearing sanitization and or removal procedures This section explains how to clear sanitize and remove memory from your PNA for al memory that can be written to during normal operation and for which the clearing and sanitization procedure is more than trivial such as rebooting your instrument Table 19 Description and purpose Hard disk drive Memory clearing Delete user files and empty recycle bin Memory sanitization Remove hard disk drive and replace with a new or unused hard disk drive See the PNA Service Manual for details Memory removal Remove hard disk drive Write protecting N A 67 68 User and remote interface security measures Screen and annotation blanking You can prevent frequency information from appearing on the PNA screen and printouts To set security levels from the PNA menu click System then Security When the security level is set to Low or High frequency information is blanked from the following Display annotation Calibration properties All tables All toolbars All
78. s with the mxcalfiles See below 1 If the PNA was sent out for servicing check to see if any of the mxcalfiles have been updated check the last modified date If so these updated files should be copied to a floppy disk so that they can be updated on the secured hard drive 2 Remove the unsecured hard drive transport the PNA to the secure area and replace the hard drive with the secure version 3 Ifthe mxcalfiles have changed copy all new files saved to the floppy disk to the directory C Program Files Agilent Network Analyzer 69 Appendix 2 Averaging on an 8510 is similar to the IF BW filtering of the PNA both are like a DSP filter The IF BW of the PNA is similar to point averaging on the 8510 Increasing the How to select averaging factor of the 8510 reduces the noise level Each point on an 8510 receives the PNA Series PNA same weight in the averaging function The IF BW on a PNA reduces noise in the same PNA X IF BW ith way The 8510 uses either point or trace averaging depending on many factors including p WI the hardware and software setup On the PNA you always want to use IF BW reduction performance comparable instead of trace averaging because it is faster to 851 0 It is difficult to easily see how PNA IF BW and 8510 averaging are the same It is espe cially difficult to see because the 8510 dynamic range performance rolls off quicker than the PNA and the 8510 and PNA define specs differently noise floor on 851
79. ted to 18 GHz Absolute maximum ratings LO input power CW 23 dBm Ref chan IF input power CW 13 dBm Ref channel detector input 20 VDC Pos Z blanking input 10 VDC Storage temperature 40 to 75 C Operating temperature 0 to 55 C Remote mixer distances Mixers require a certain LO drive power level the output power of the 85309A LO IF distribution unit and the RF loss of the cables will determine the maximum allowable cable lengths Maximum cable lengths can be calculated using the following equations Cable source to 85309A length meters Pour source P 85309A cable loss meter frequency Cable 85309A to mixers length meters Poyr 85309A P mixer cable loss meter frequency 47 The following diagram shows the power levels for the various mixer configurations L O LF Dist unit 85320A B Opt H20 Dwn conv mixers i LO out ALC Bit 10dB io to m E chan I Po Pmxr H 16 dBm 8 to 16 dBm 0 3 E 3 GHz 1 0 3 3 GHz Test 1 r chan i 8 dB max k r i i PNA X N5242A network analyzer Opt 020 L O 1 F Dist unit 85320A B i Dwn conv mixers E 85309A E f 1 in LO out ALC o ee aaa T A Pin 2 gem Hr 1 4 Oto6dBm Po Cs Q chan ee CULA r Pmxr i8 g r 1a dBm 8 to 16 dBm 2 18 GHz E z 2 18 GHz Test 2 amp A l A a chan 6 oH A 11 dB
80. the reference signal Almost all ranges obtain the reference channel signal using a stationary reference antenna to receive a portion of the radiated transmit signal Select one of the two methods below for your configuration 1 Radiated reference signals When using a radiated reference the power at the reference mixer can be determined from the following equation Pam Erp Pp G ger Li where Pgp Power level at the reference mixer dBm Epp Effective radiated power dBm Pp Free space loss power dissipation dB Gper Gain of the reference antenna dBi L Cable loss between reference antenna and reference mixer dB Caution Ppy must not exceed the maximum power level of the mixer Pam Mixer conversion loss must be less than 5 dBm so as to not exceed the 1 dB compression level for the LO IF input for the 85309A 2 Coupled reference signals When using a coupled reference the reference channel power level can be determined by subtracting the cable insertion losses and the coupling factor of the directional coupler and adding amplifier gain if any to the output power of the transmit source Power at the test mixer The power at the test mixer is equivalent to the power at the output of the AUT calculat ed earlier if the mixer is attached directly to the AUT The power level at the test mixer can be determined from the following equation Pom Erp Pp Gaur Lo where Pyy Power level at the test mixer d
81. to add another source External Source Configuration Available Source s Trigger Mode C Software CW GPIB Hardware List BNC N5183A GPIB Trigger Au v Source Type AGMXG Edit Commands GPIB Address 19 H Timeout sec 20 E Add Modify Remove OK Cancel d From the Modify Source dialogue box i Type in source name ii Select source type from drop down menu iii Select OK Modify Source Source Name ASSE Source Type AGMXG v Cancel Help e From the External Source Configuration dialogue box select the trigger mode Note Hardware trigger is TTL and is faster than Software trigger To learn more select the Help button External Source Configuration Available Source s Trigger Mode C Software CW GPIB Hardware List BNC N5183A GPIB Trigger axi ts Source Type AGMXG Edit Commands GPIB Address 19 H Timeout sec 20 H Add Modify Remove oc ne f From the Select Sources dialogue box i Highlight source name ii Select Add iii Select OK Select Sources All Sources Selected Add All gt gt If all of your sources have been setup properly then the external sources should start to sweep J Verify operation a Go to Frequency Offset dialog box and you should see the external source listed I3 Web Resources Visit our Web sites for additional product information and literature Antenna
82. uirements When configuring the PNA it is critical that power levels are considered to avoid damag ing the PNA Ideally power should not exceed the 0 1 dB compression levels indicated in the figures below Damage levels are printed on the instrument as shown in Figure 20 0BD8B8B80 Revr PORT2 gpin B IN ARM crer PORT1 ncyn A 30 dBm 30 dBm SOURCE SOURCE OUT THRU OUT A 20 dBm A 30 dBm 30 dBm A 20 dBm REFERENCE 2 RCVR SOURCE R2 IN OUT REFERENCE 1 SOURCE RCVR OUT RT IN 20 dBm 415 dBm A 20dBm A 15dBm 0 1 dB compression level 15 dBm typical 20 GHz 25 dBm typical 50 GHz Figure 20 PNA E836xC front panel connectors PNA X N5242A Network Analyzer DI Au la 2 Em S 2 ORT 1 CPLR ARM RCVR A IN RCVR B IN CPLR ARM AN 30 dBm 30 dBm SOURCE OUT CPLR THRU SOURCE OUT N 30 dBm A 30 dBm 20dBm SOURCE OUT RCVR R1 IN REF 1 emm A 15 dBm RCVR R2 IN SOURCE OUT A 15dBm A 15 dBm 0 1 dB compression level 5 dBm typical 26 5 GHz Figure 21 PNA X N5242A network analyzer front panel connectors 29 30 Triggering remote access e BNC connectors e Edge triggering pos neg e Trigger in out e Remote access with SCPI e Available on PNA models E8361C E836xC and N5230C Option H11 Connectors
83. urce of the PNA then phase locking the receiver is not required The only requirement for the reference channel is that the signal level be high enough to achieve the desired accuracy for the measurement Figure 9 shows the magnitude and phase errors as a function of signal to noise ratio this also applies to errors contributed by the reference channel For most applications it is desirable to maintain a 50 to 60 dB signal to noise ratio Determine Cable Length from 85309A unit to mixers Mixers require a certain LO drive power level the output power of the 85309A LO IF distribution unit and the RF loss of the cables will determine the maximum allowable cable lengths To assure you have enough power at your mixers use the following equation to calculate the maximum cable length allowed for your setup Cable length meters Pout 85309A P mixer cable loss meter frequency High quality low loss phase stable cables are recommended 29 Note If the calculated power level at the mixer is insufficient to achieve the desired accuracy from the reference channel the transmit power or the reference antenna gain must be increased 1 26 dBm 85320A B 85320A B H50 20 dBm 85320A B H20 2 Refer to Table 10 in the Antenna measurement components catalog section on page 52 for mixer conversion loss 24 Power at reference mixer Calculation of the power level at the reference mixer depends on the method used to obtain
84. ure 5 Typical antenna measurement configuration using PNA network analyzers with Option H11 Fast PNA X data acquisition time and more than 400 000 points of data per second with the PNA X measurement receiver makes it the ideal choice for far field antenna range applications With the PNA bandwidth set to 10 kHz the data acquisition time is 119 uS per point With the PNA X bandwidth set to 600 kHz the data acquisition time is 2 4 uS per point Extremely fast data processing is particularly useful in applica tions where ranges include active array antennas and data acquisition is quite inten sive Alternatively these features may not be as useful when there are antennas with limited positioner rotation speeds Overall with faster data acquisition speeds the IF bandwidth can be narrowed significantly improving measurement sensitivity without increasing total measurement times If the range allows the use of amplifiers instead of a PSG you can take advantage of the excellent frequency agility of the PNA PNA X which minimizes the frequency switching time for far field measurements configurations See Figure 6 Transmit A i ifi ntenna under Transmit amplifier antenna tn ak 7n SU 85320A i Lp test mixer LOAF 85320B ref mixer MN 853094 LO amp E836xC 014 UNL 080 H11 Figure 6 Far field antenna configuration utilizing internal sources from the PNA Option H11 N Salted Antenna 1 Y antenna und
85. urement closer to the AUT This reduces HF cable loss and maximizes accuracy and dynamic range Options H11 and 014 on the PNA network analyzers both support a remote mixing configuration Refer to Receive site configuration with external mixing to configure your system Receive site configuration with external mixing RE in 85320A Pin eid SEI L Pim 85320B Pin 8 to 16 dBm RF in Reference mixer Pin lt 26 dBm L P 1 RM Li LO in Pin 8 to 16 dBm L Pout 19 dBm Pout 19 dBm LO in EE Pin 0 to 6 dBm Ez 85309A Input Max input Damage 1 dB level i alea _ dst Front Opt 014 10 dBm 15 dBm SEE BTE A B R1 R2 Slee sams 1 iad hd oo Rear Opt H11 8 33 MHz ei A B R1 R2 m T RF out P j network analyzer with Option 014 amp H11 Figure 17 Receive site configuration with external mixing using the PNA E836xC network analyzer 85320A RF in Test mixer Pin 26 dBm L Pim 85320B Pin 8 to 16 dBm RF in Reference mixer Pin lt 26 dBm L P 1 RM L LO in Pin 8 to 16 dBm L Pout 19 dBm Pout 19 dBm LO in Pin 0 to 6 dBm Input Freq Max input Damage Amplifier IF 1 dB level Ls Test port 20 MHz 8 dBm 30 dBm Ba f Direct access 20 MHz 6 dBm 23 dBm o EE set receiver zs Rear input 7 605634 MHz 9 dBm 23 dBm re Opt 020 xd 2 RF out P PNA X network analyze
86. y range Connectors RF port 0 01 to 26 5 GHz 3 5 mm female LO port 0 01 to 26 5 GHz 3 5 mm female IF port 0 007 to 20 MHz with jumper SMA female 0 007 to 1 5 GHz without jumper Table 12 N5280A maximum power levels RF maximum input levels RF port 18 dBm Lo port 5 dBm IF output level at max RF input 0 1 dB typical compression Ports A D 20 MHz filter port 21 dBm Ports A D Maximum bandwidth dBm N5242A N5264A 0 1 dB typical 21 dBm IF compression Table 13 N5280A RF receiver tracking RF port magnitude tracking Frequency Value 10 MHz to 20 GHz 1 0 dB 20 MHz to 22 GHz 1 5 dB 22 MHz to 26 5 GHz 3 5 dB Table 14 N5280A port match RF LO port match Frequency Value 10 MHz to 10 GHz 9 dB 10 MHz to 26 5 GHz lt 4 dB 57 LP OUT A IF out LPIN 18 dBm Max 10 Volts DC Max BW LP OUT Hi 5 z OUT Max BW LP OUT C IF Our LPIN i RF IN Max BW ik LP OUT D IF our LPIN Max BW 7 77 9 Volts DC 15 Volts DC 1810 0118 OdB Gain Nominal Power Supply 0950 4729 OdBm to 18GHz 6dBm to 26 5GHz prefer 8 dBm LO AUX 5087 7308 Modified LO IN 1250 1251 5062 6618 N5280A I SMA f 3 5mm f E8356 20071 E SOLIS i SMA m Termination SS 0955 0791 ex 8120 5146 Th 0955 1503 Qty 2 AAA 10 dB Attenuator

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