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1. deploy this J2ME compliant application you will learn the major features of the Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 software Before You Read This Book Before starting you should be familiar with the following subjects m Java programming language A knowledge of MIDP and CLDC concepts is helpful as described in the following resources m CLDC Specification v 1 0 http java sun com products cldc a MIDP Specification v 1 0 http java sun com products midp Note Sun is not responsible for the availability of third party Web sites mentioned in this document Sun does not endorse and is not responsible or liable for any content advertising products or other materials that are available on or through such sites or resources Sun will not be responsible or liable for any actual or alleged damage or loss caused by or in connection with the use of or reliance on any such content goods or services that are available on or through such sites or resources How This Book Is Organized Chapter 1 provides the information necessary to set up the Sun Java Studio Mobility 6 Chapter 2 explains the Currency Converter application used in this tutorial and shows you how to quickly install execute and run the application Chapter 3 provides a glossary and explanation of MIDP CLDC concepts used in this tutorial Chapter 4 shows you how to use the Java Studio Mobility to code and compile the Currency Converter applicatio2. int 1 itsizeli itt int to translate il if from to ms TextField get i set tringiString valuedfimidlet i catch NumberFormatException nfe m 4 h 71 1 RENE 6 Choose Debug Step Into or press the lt F7 gt key A dialog appears that informs you that the source of the get method has not been found in the mounted filesystems That is because the method invoked is a J2ME method and is not part of the Currency Converter MIDlet javeax microedtion ledui TextField setString line 665 Source of class has not been found in mounted tilesyste Select an action that vill be performed upon stepping into method without source 2 Debugger has been stopped at c Stop at the first line with source Do Not Show This Dialog Next Time 7 Ensure that the Step Out radio button is selected and click OK 44 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 10 To continue choose Debug Step into or press the lt F7 gt key This takes you past the get method and to the midlet convert method Continue pressing the lt F7 gt key If the dialog appears again select OK and continue to step into the program until you get to the following line return frval rates fridx toidx 1000000 You have now found the line that contains the variables used for conversion You can examine the variables in the line using a variable balloon Place the
3. Be careful however not to change the package name from myconverter Yen u00a5 Euro u20ac public String currencies new String US Ga public boolean selected new boolean true true true true public long rates 1000000 117580000 OL LOS Fy 8504 1000000 7749 1097600 129056000 1000000 private RecordStore storedData 5 Add the following code to the method startApp Cry storedData RecordStore openRecordStore storedDataStr true if storedData getNumRecords gt 0 DataInputStream in new DataInputStream new ByteArraylinputStream storedData getRecord 1 try int size in readInt currencies new String size selected new boolean size rates new long size for int i 0 i lt size i currencies i in readUTF selected i in readBoolean rates i new long size for int 3 0 j lt size j rates i j in readLong in close catch IOException ioe catch RecordStoreException e notifySettingsChanged This method is called when the application is started It loads all the data currencies selected currencies and exchange rates from persistent storage and initially 28 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 displays the Converter form 6 Add the following code to complete the method destroyApp ByteArrayOutputStream bytes new ByteArrayOutputS
4. CLDC virtual machine and also checks for the use of virtual machine features that are not supported by the CLDC In the second step classes are verified as they are loaded on the device With the Mobility Modules the preverification step is completed transparently when you compile or execute your MIDlet You might never need to know this is happening However you should know that the preverification compiler can be set if necessary in the Execution properties for that MIDlet Emulators An emulator lets you simulate the execution of an application on a target device just as the user might experience it It gives you the ability to run and debug applications within the IDE Typically an emulator includes a sample of devices that it emulates These sample devices are called skins The J2ME Wireless Toolkit Emulator is the default emulator for the Mobility Modules It includes a number of example devices or skins such as a Default Color Phone and a QWERTY Device You can test your application on any of the Wireless Toolkit Emulator s example devices This feature also gives you the ability to test the portability of your application across different devices Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 CHAPTER 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite This section of the tutorial shows you how to create a currency converter application using the tools available to you through the Mobility Modules The chapter takes you
5. ConverterMiDlet FE converter t Pyversion ty public class Converter extends Form implements Comma one gonstrnuchor air public Converter super Sample Title hd 4 p b 1 1 INS TZME 4 Declare a field private ConverterMIDlet midlet 5 Add the following code to complete the constructor public CurrenciesSelector ConverterMIDlet midlet super Select Currencies List MULTIPLE midlet currencies null this midlet midlet setSelectedFlags midlet selected try Set up this list to listen to command events setCommandListener this Add the Save command addCommand new Command Save Command OK 1 catch Exception e e printStackTrace 34 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 6 Add the following code to complete the commandAction method if command getCommandType Command OK getSelectedFlags midlet selected midlet notifySettingsChanged 7 To save the list Select File from the main menu and choose Save This completes the CurrenciesSelector java List file Packaging the Currency Converter Application When you created the converter MIDlet suite you created the essential package for the Currency Converter application Now you should check to ensure that the two additional files you created Converter java and CurrenciesSelector java have been added to the MIDlet suite To do this you use the Suite Editor To
6. amp Sun microsystems Tutorial Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Sun Microsystems Inc www sun com Part No 817 6989 10 March 2004 Revision A Submit comments about this document at http www sun com hwdocs feedback Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara California 95054 U S A All rights reserved U S Government Rights Commercial software Government users are subject to the Sun Microsystems Inc standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements This distribution may include materials developed by third parties Sun Sun Microsystems the Sun logo and Java are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems Inc in the U S and other countries All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International Inc in the U S and other countries Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems Inc UNIX is a registered trademark in the U S and other countries exclusively licensed through X Open Company Ltd Products covered by and information contained in this service manual are controlled by U S Export Control laws and may be subject to the export or import laws in other countries Nuclear missile chemical biological weapons or nuclear maritime end uses or end users whether direct or indirect are strictly prohibited Export or reexport to
7. check the contents of the suite Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 35 36 1 Right click on the converter MIDlet suite and choose Edit Suite from the contextual menu The Suite Editor dialog opens Notice that the Editor has several tabs MIDlets JAD Manifest Push Registry API Permissions Signing and Jar Contents Ml lets in the Suite Add Currency Converter myconverter ConverterMiDlet Duplicate Remove howe Up Move Down MiiDlet Mare Currency Converter MiDlet Class inyconverter ConverterMIDlet Browse Icon Browse Cancel Help 2 Select the Jar Contents Tab The Jar contents tab displays showing you the mounted file systems available and the current contents of converter jar The current contents are marked with a check in the check box Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 Millets JADManifest PUSH kegistry AP Permissions Signing Jar Contents Add contents to the JAR file _ Currency Converter Application ferc EH C Documents and Settings avaCodert netheanssampledir myconverter Target Jar file fiters and options fran files except java form and jar H Enable Obfuscation W Remove LYS folders Cancel Help 3 Expand the sampledir file system node 4 Expand the myconverter folder Notice that the MIDlets are already selected They were automatically added to the MIDlet suite by the IDE Clic
8. countries subject to U S embargo or to entities identified on U S export exclusion lists including but not limited to the denied persons and specially designated nationals lists is strictly prohibited DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED AS IS AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON INFRINGEMENT ARE DISCLAIMED EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems Inc 4150 Network Circle Santa Clara California 95054 Etats Unis Tous droits r serv s Cette distribution peut comprendre des composants d velopp s par des tierces parties Sun Sun Microsystems le logo Sun et Java sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de Sun Microsystems Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Toutes les marques SPARC sont utilis es sous licence et sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques d pos es de SPARC International Inc aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays Les produits portant les marques SPARC sont bas s sur une architecture d velopp e par Sun Microsystems Inc UNIX est une marque d pos e aux Etats Unis et dans d autres pays et licenci e exlusivement par X Open Company Ltd Les produits qui font l objet de ce manuel d entretien et les informations qu il contient sont regis par la legislation americaine en matiere de controle des exp
9. fridx ConverterMDlet 0 Debugger Console Debunner Console Debugger Console ConvertertiDlet l O Debugger Console Connecting to localhost 5501 Connection established reakpoint reached at line 106 in clasa myconverter ConverterMID L 5 ue 2 Breakpoint reached at line 106 in class myconverter ConverterMiDlet by thread KM _Threaddt1110 Tillie Cols Ta tn JOIE 4 Choose Debug Step Over from the Main Menu to execute a line The debugger moves to the next line of code where the conversion occurs The function key shortcut for stepping over is the lt F8 gt key If you are single stepping through many lines of code it is often easier to use the shortcut 5 Use the lt F8 gt key to continue stepping through the code until the green line is on the source code line Chapter 5 Debugging MiDlets and MIDlet Suites 43 TextField get i setString String valueOf midlet convert value from to This is a complex line with several method calls The midlet convert call is the one that will do the actual conversion so that is the call you are interested in You need to step into this line because midlet convert is actually the second method to be executed ConverterMiDlet Converter x TE EJ temStateChanged E Feb FL Uy a try long value Long parseLong TextField item _getstring int from QO while qgetifrom item fromtt from translate from for
10. so its contents the three java source files of the Currency Converter MIDlet are displayed Double click on ConverterMIDIlet The ConverterMIDlet java source file is shown in the Source Editor window Scroll down in the MIDlet to the convert method the last method in the file Set a breakpoint by clicking in the left margin of the code line return frval rates fridx toidx 1000000 The line is highlighted in pink and is set as a breakpoint Note Clicking the square on the left a second time will remove or unset the breakpoint setting Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 ConverterMiDlet x afir sno selection Q Fy S 0 Te 4 FT ai public void showSettings I Lispley getlisplay this setCurrent new Currenciesfelec public void notifySettingsChanged Lisplay getlisplay this setCurrent new Converter this public long convert long frval int frids int toidx aj return frval rates fridx taidx 1000000 h 1 1 INs TZME Running a Debugging Session To make use of the breakpoint you just set you need to run the MIDlet under the control of the debugger If you execute the MIDlet using the Execute command the IDE will ignore the breakpoint while executing the program Start the Debugger by selecting the converter MIDlet Suite in the Explorer and choosing Debug Start Session Run in Debugger The prog
11. suite MIDlet suites along with other key concepts are explained in Chapter 3 Installing the Currency Converter Application The Mobility Modules provide an Examples Setup wizard that installs the complete example in the IDE Note As with all future instructions it is assumed the IDE is up and running on your desktop To install the Currency Converter 1 Choose Help Examples Setup Wizard The Examples Setup wizard opens Steps Examples Setup 1 Examples Setup 2 Trstallation Select set of examples to install i Currency Converter Application D Various Examples User Interface Examples Game Examples T Photo Album Demo D Various Examples for MIDP 2 0 User Interface Examples for MIDP 2 0 Game Examples for MIDP 2 0 Audio Player Demo for MIDP 2 0 Description Currency Converter Application demonstrates basic WIDP capabilities Back Lex Finteh Cancel Help 12 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 2 On the Examples Setup page check the Currency Converter Application box Click Next The installation page opens with a progress bar that indicates when the example is installed 3 Click Finish to close the Example Setup wizard The Currency Converter application is installed and mounted in the default examples filesystem You can see the directory in the Filesystems tab of the Explorer window gears E E Filesystem is Ld Currency Converte
12. 00 The fridx and toidx values are the indexes of the source and target currencies 8 Save the ConverterMIDlet by choosing File Save Creating a MIDP Form Now that you have completed the code for the MIDlet you will create the application s graphical interface A Form is a Java class that can contain an arbitrary mixture of items including images read only and editable text fields editable date fields gauges choice groups and custom items The form you create here will specify a text box for each selected currency and specify the ItemStateListener method to monitor and reflect typed values and perform conversions 1 In the Explorer right click the myconverter package Choose New All Templates The New Template wizard opens 2 Expand the MIDP node and select MIDP Form Click Next 3 In the Object name page Enter Converter for the class name Click Finish A MIDP form template is created and added to the myconverter package 30 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 Filesystems x t A CorverterMiDlet x E H Converter x TOE E _Filesystems sno selections d E Gy Fe G8 velo a Currency Converter Application ferc converter ME package nyconverter Converter E ConvertertlDlet Currencies Selector E converter Fl import Javax microedition lcdui Ps HAS Oo Documernts and Settings Javacode 4 e E author JavaCoder AM Converter version Ej ConverterhilOl
13. Console SPA re Debugger running In the device emulator click the Launch button to start the Currency Converter application The emulator screen displays the three currency fields US Yen and Euro Click in the device emulator click the 5 button The numeral 5 appears in the US field The IDE shows that the application has been activated and the program runs until it hits the breakpoint at the convert method Notice that the line is now green and the icon to the left has an arrow Now the debugger has control of the application and you can begin to execute the application one source line at a time or step through the application until you find the line that will do the actual conversion Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 J 5550000 DefaultColmjes al Jed MiDiet Help 5550000 DefaultColorPhor eae File Edit View Project Build Debug Versioning Tools Window Help aaoealxastrarel aelasn E convenermoet E Filesystem convert E S3 Currency Converter Application sr SHS C Oocuments and Settings JavaCoc e print stack seee myconverter Converter ConverterMiDlet Currencies Selector converter notifyDestroyed JERE public void showSettings Display getDisplay this sef public void notifySettingsChange Lisplay getlisplayithis set public long convert long frval E return frval rates
14. DP application called a MIDlet that illustrates how you can use the Mobility Modules to create debug and run an application on the device emulators that are included in the IDE This chapter describes the structure and function of the simple application and shows you how to quickly install compile and run the Currency Converter application on a device emulator This chapter is organized under the following topics Description of the Currency Converter Application on page 11 Installing the Currency Converter Application on page 12 Compiling and Running the Application on page 13 Switching Emulators on page 16 Summary on page 18 Description of the Currency Converter Application The currency converter application called Currency Converter converts amounts from one currency to two others You can choose to display three different currencies euros yen or dollars and enter a value in one currency to be converted into the other selected currencies There are three Java source code files for the sample application m ConverterMIDlet java The code for the MIDlet class m Converter java A MIDP form that defines the main screen of the application as it appears on a mobile device m CurrenciesSelector java A MIDP list that maintains the currencies and rates 11 These files which comprise the MIDlet are packaged with a Java Application Descriptor JAD file and Jar Manifest file into a MIDlet
15. JAD file that is required for deployment To create a MIDlet Suite In the Explorer right click the myconverter package Choose New MIDlet Suite from the contextual menu The MIDlet Suite wizard takes you through the steps to create a MIDlet suite In the MIDlet Suite wizard type the name for the new MIDlet suite Then click Next Name the new MIDlet suite converter In the Add MIDlet page do the following to create a new MIDlet within the suite a Select the Create New MIDlet option b Enter ConverterMID1let as the Package and Class Name Notice that you need to capitalize the C in the name c To select a MIDlet Template click the arrow in the dropdown list and choose MIDlet d Click Next In the MIDlet Properties page change the MIDlet Displayable Name to Currency Converter Click Finish The displayable name is the name a mobile device user will see when using the application on a mobile device The code for the MIDlet is displayed in the Source Editor window Notice that the ConverterMIDlet icon in the Explorer tab has a set of small red x s and 0 s next to it This badge signifies that the MIDlet needs to be compiled Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 25 Filesystems x A ConverterMiDlet x TE x _Filesystems nr g B op _1 Currency Converter Application fsrc AS Documents and Settings WavaCoder netheansampledir package nyconverter myconverter Ej Convert
16. ator Test the application as described in Compiling and Running the Application on page 13 Notice that in the QwertyDevice skin shown below the emulator has a distinctly different appearance However the application performance is exactly the same on both device emulators Chapter 2 Introduction to the Currency Converter 17 ET 5550000 QwertyDevice D MISE MIDlet Currency Converter Launch se MAO A 1 roses summary In this chapter you went through the few steps it takes to compile and run a simple MIDlet in an emulator device and how to switch emulator devices The next chapter will explain some MIDP concepts and prepare you to write this application using the features of the Mobility Modules IDE 18 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 CHAPTER 3 Tutorial Concepts In the previous chapter you installed a MIDP application called a MIDlet and executed the packaged application called a MIDlet suite which was displayed in an emulator device skin This chapter briefly explains the concepts used in this tutorial such as MIDlets and MIDlet Suites and how they are applied in the Mobility Modules These concepts are covered only briefly here but can serve as a quick reference for you You can find more detailed information on MIDP CLDC and other technologies at the Wireless Developer web site at http developers sun com techtopics mobility The topics covered in this c
17. e RMS stored record 3 Complete the Add New Field dialog box a Enter the name of the new field storedDataStr in the Name box and select its type String from the Type combo box b In the Modifiers box select the type of access for the field private from the Access combo box c Check the other modifiers for the field which in this case is static d Set the initial value for storedDataStr to ConverterData e Click OK to close the dialog box The field is added to the code in the Source Editor window Filesystems x E ConvertermDit Jt E _Filesystems lt no selection Ge eS Fe 0 FL te i Currency Converter Application src St CDoacurments and Settings JavaCoder n theans sample package wyconverter my converter a ConverterMiDlet import Jjavax microedition midlet _ ii class ConverterMiDlet Javan microedition ledui Ei converter import java io import javax microedition rms GE Panther Javaleoder years ion Fa public class ConverterMILlet extends MIDlet private static String storedPatasatr ConverterData o 4 4 public class ConverterMiblet extends MIDle 13 1 USE 4 Add the following fields to the MIDlet code using the Source Editor Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 27 Tip You can use the Add Field dialog box copy the text from this page or from the installed Currency Converter application and paste it in the Source Editor
18. erMDlet import javax microedition midlet E converter import javax microedition ledui P t author TavaCeder t yversi or public class ConverterMIDlet extends MIDlet j public void startAppi i public void pauseApp i D ea a In the following steps you will add code to complete the Currency Converter application Coding the MIDlet You can write the code for a MIDlet in one of two ways either by directly entering code in the Source Editor or by using the tool functions to add methods fields constructors initializers classes and interfaces Typically you use the tool to add new fields and methods to a class or modify existing fields and methods and then later fine tune the code directly in the Source Editor The following procedure shows you how to use the tool and the Source Editor to enter or change code However to save time and effort you can also copy the converter code from the example you installed in Chapter 2 1 In the Source Editor add the following import statements to ConverterMIDlet import java io import javax microedition rms 26 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 2 In the Filesystem tab of the Explorer expand the converterMIDIlet node right click the ConverterMID1let class and choose Add Field This next step will use the Add New Field dialog box to add the field storedDataStr to the MIDlet The storedDataStr string contains the name of th
19. et Ed E converter public class Converter extends Form implements Comma our gonstruchoar Be public Converter super Sample Title bd 4 p h 1 1 IMs TZME 4 In the Source Editor add the following fields to the code below the public class Converter declaration private ConverterMIDlet midlet private int translate Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 31 5 Add the following code to complete the constructor public Converter ConverterMIDlet midlet super Currency Converter thiis midlet midlet this translate new int midlet currencies length ine Current 03 for int 1 0 i lt translate length i if midlet selected i 4 translate current 1 append new TextField midlet currencies i TextField NUMERIC try Set up this form to listen to command events setCommandListener this Set up this form to listen to changes in the internal state of its interactive items setltemStateListener this Add the Currencies command addCommand new Command Currencies Command OK 1 Add the Exit command addCommand new Command Exit Command EXIT 1 catch Exception e e printStackTrace 6 Add the following code to complete the method commandAction if command getCommandType Command EXIT midlet destroyApp true else if command getCommandType Command OK midlet showSettings 32 Mobil
20. hapter are a MIDP Application Concepts on page 19 a Structure of a MIDP Application on page 20 a Creating MIDlets with the Mobility Modules IDE on page 21 MIDP Application Concepts This section discusses the J2ME technology platform concepts upon which you create mobile applications Java 2 Micro Edition J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition is a group of specifications and technologies that pertain to Java on small devices The J2ME specification covers a wide range of devices from pagers and mobile telephones through set top boxes and car navigation systems The J2ME world is divided into configurations and profiles specifications that describe a Java environment for a specific class of device 19 Connected Limited Device Configuration CLDC The fundamental branches of J2ME are configurations A configuration is a specification that describes a Java Virtual Machine and some set of APIs that are targeted at a specific class of device The Connected Limited Device Configuration is one such specification The CLDC specifies the APIs for devices with less than 512 KB of RAM available for the Java system and an intermittent limited network connection It specifies a stripped down Java virtual machine called the KVM as well as several APIs for fundamental application services Three packages are minimalist versions of the J2SE java lang java io and java util packages A fourth package javax microedition io imple
21. ity Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 7 Add the following code to complete the itemStateChanged method long value Long parseLong TextField item getString int from 0 while get from item from from translate trom for int i 0 i lt size i 4 int to translate i he rom I tor TextField get i setString String valueOf midlet convert value from to This completes the Converter java form file Creating a MIDP list The final piece of the Currency Converter application is the CurrenciesSelector java list file which defines the currencies that can be selected for display To create the list file 1 In the Explorer right click the myconverter package Choose New All Templates The New Template wizard opens 2 Expand the MIDP node and select MIDP List Click Next 3 In the New Object Name page Enter CurrenciesSelector for the class name Click Finish A MIDP list template is created and added to the currencyconverter filesystem Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 33 Filesystems x let ConverterMiDlet x amp Converter x a gt E _Filesystems eno selection gt al slr MIE package wyconverter HM Converter A ConverterMiDlet Fl import Javax microedition lcdui Curr nciesSelector E converter fat HAS Documents and Settings Javacode 4 myconverter Pauthbor vavaloder Ek Converter Ej
22. k OK to close the dialog Now the suite is ready to be compiled and executed in the same way you compiled the MIDlet in Compiling and Running the Application on page 13 The next chapter will illustrate how to debug a MIDlet suite with the Mobility Modules Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 37 38 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 CHAPTER 5 Debugging MIDlets and MIDlet Suites This chapter describes how to debug MIDlets and MIDlet suites with the Mobility Modules IDE While this tutorial does not describe all the features of the IDE the tutorial takes you through a short debugging session using the Currency Converter application you installed in Chapter 2 The steps are described in the following sections a MIDP Debugging With the Mobility Modules on page 39 a Setting a Breakpoint on page 40 m Running a Debugging Session on page 41 MIDP Debugging With the Mobility Modules If you have ever written a program before you know that programs do not always perform in the way you expect them too A program might display an incorrect value go the wrong screen or page or fail to display the information you expect to see The process of finding why these mistakes are occurring is called debugging In the debugging process you use breakpoints to stop the execution of the program and to examine its state at the location it has stopped For example if the currency conversion i
23. ments the Generic Connection Framework a generalized API for making network connections Mobile Information Device Profile MIDP The Mobile Information Device Profile is a specification for a J2ME profile It is layered on top of CLDC and adds APIs for application life cycle user interface networking and persistent storage Structure of a MIDP Application This section discusses the concepts specific to the MIDP platform MIDlets An application written for MIDP is called a MIDlet MIDlet applications are subclasses of the javax microedition midlet MIDlet class that is defined by MIDP MIDlet Suites MIDlets are packaged and distributed as MIDlet suites A MIDlet suite can contain one or more MIDlets The MIDlet suite consists of two files 20 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 m Java Application Descriptor jad file The Java Application Descriptor file lists the archive file name the names and class names for each MIDlet in the suite and other information This file is used by the mobile device to ensure that device has the minimum requirements to run the application m a Java Archive file jar file The archive file contains the MIDlet classes and resource files Creating MIDlets with the Mobility Modules IDE The Mobility Modules enable you to use J2ME technologies and add special tools that enable you to code and test J2ME applications such as emulators and obfuscators The
24. meric keys The application makes the conversion calculations and displays the results Click the button underneath the word Exit to exit the application Click the red button in the upper right corner to close the emulator Chapter 2 Introduction to the Currency Converter 15 Faull 135 Currency Converter ssf Yen 6554 Euro 51 Switching Emulators You can change the target emulator and device skin for a MIDlet suite to test the performance and appearance of your MIDlet on different devices 16 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 To switch Emulators Click the dropdown menu in the toolbar You can select from any of the currently installed emulators The menu displays the default devices that are set for each of the installed emulators 8 Gp h ba f DefautColorPhone TK 2 1 DetautColorPhone WTE 2 1 Defaut rayPhone ATK 1 0 4 DefautGrayPhone TK 2 1 MediaContralSkin ATK 2 1 MinimumPhone MATK 1 0 4 2 Choose Detz Motorola ass MATEK 1 0 4 PalmOS Device ATK 1 0 4 CyyvertyDevice MATE 2 1 Select an alternate device skin For a dramatic difference try the RIMJavaHandheld WTK 1 0 4 device or the QwertyDevice WTK 2 1 device Right click on the Converter MIDlet suite and choose Execute Notice that this time the application is executed with a different emul
25. mount a filesystem and create the package 1 From the File menu of the IDE choose Mount Filesystem This opens a wizard from which you choose the template for the filesystem 2 Select the Local Directory and click Next 3 Use the wizard to navigate to the sampledir directory Select this directory and click Finish to complete the mount process The sampledir filesystem appears in the Filesystems tab of the Explorer pane 4 Right click on the sampledir filesystem then choose New Java Package This opens the New Java Package wizard 5 Name the package myconverter Click Finish A package myconverter is created inside the mounted filesystem sampledir J Filesystem E Currency Converter Application fsrc AS Documents and Settings Javaloder netheans sampledir myconverter Omer Creating the MIDlet Suite While you can work with individual MIDlets for developing and testing purposes it is best to create MIDlets within a MIDlet suite The MIDlet suite helps you to package your MIDlet application and prepare it for deployment 24 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 MIDlet suites give you more control over your MIDP applications A MIDlet suite organizes the source files and attribute files for a MIDP application When you build a MIDlet suite the tool automatically creates the necessary JAR file that contains the application files The IDE also creates the Java Application Descriptor file or
26. mouse cursor over the variable frval A balloon caption appears indicating that the current value of frval is 5 the number you typed in when you began the debugging session ConverterMiDlet x Converter x 10e Ponal d QB E Ga 6 i P LLC Told show E Lngs A Display getDisplay this setCurrent new Currencies Selector this public void notify ettingsChangedi Display getDisplay this setCurrent new Converter ithisii return frval rates frid toidx 7 1000000 public long col tal 2 g irval int fridx int toidzx E 4 106 1 INS TZME 11 Place the mouse cursor over the values fridx and toidx to check their values In this way you can verify that the values are correct throughout your code 12 To end the debugging session choose Debug Finish from the main menu This concludes this debugging session Chapter 5 Debugging MiDlets and MIDlet Suites 45 46 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004
27. n Chapter 5 shows you how to use Java Studio Mobility to debug the Currency Converter application Using UNIX Commands This document might not contain information on basic UNIX commands and procedures such as shutting down the system booting the system and configuring devices See the following for this information m Software documentation that you received with your system m Solaris operating environment documentation which is at http docs sun com 6 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 Shell Prompts Shell Prompt C shell machine name C shell superuser machine name Bourne shell and Korn shell Bourne shell and Korn shell superuser Typographic Conventions Typeface Meaning Examples AaBbCc123 The names of commands files Edit your login file and directories on screen Use ls a to list all files CODE FOIRE You have mail AaBbCc123 What you type when contrasted su with on screen computer output password AaBbCc123 Book titles new words or terms Read Chapter 6 in the User s Guide words to be emphasized These are called class options Replace command line variables You must be superuser to do this with real names or values To delete a file type rm filename The settings on your browser might differ from these settings Accessing Sun Documentation You can view print or purchase a broad selection of Sun documentation including localized ve
28. n Installing the Mobility Modules To install the Mobility modules 1 Select Tools gt Update Center This opens the Update Center wizard 2 On the first page of the wizard select the Install Manually Downloaded Modules nbm files radio button Follow the wizard instructions to download and install the following modules from the Update Center a J2ME Wireless module a J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2 1 module for your platform a J2ME Examples module Optionally you can also install these modules However they won t be used in this tutorial a J2ME Wireless Toolkit 1 0 4 01 module for your platform a RetroGuard Integration module a ProGuard Integration module If any of the modules are not visible in the Update Center they are already installed Starting the IDE There are several ways to start the Mobility Modules software Only one is described here To start the IDE Start the IDE by running the program executable m On Microsoft Windows choose Start Programs NetBeans IDE NetBeans IDE m On Solaris UNIX and Linux environments run the runide sh script in a terminal window as follows S sh netbeans install directory bin runide sh The netbeans install directory variable stands for the IDE s home directory 10 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 CHAPTER 2 Introduction to the Currency Converter This tutorial guides you through the construction of a simple MI
29. ortations et peuvent etre soumis au droit d autres pays dans le domaine des exportations et importations Les utilisations finales ou utilisateurs finaux pour des armes nucleaires des missiles des armes biologiques et chimiques ou du nucleaire maritime directement ou indirectement sont strictement interdites Les exportations ou reexportations vers des pays sous embargo des Etats Unis ou vers des entites figurant sur les listes d exclusion d exportation americaines y compris mais de maniere non exclusive la liste de personnes qui font objet d un ordre de ne pas participer d une facon directe ou indirecte aux exportations des produits ou des services qui sont regi par la Se americaine en matiere de controle des exportations et la liste de ressortissants specifiquement designes sont rigoureusement interdites LA DOCUMENTATION EST FOURNIE EN L ETAT ET TOUTES AUTRES CONDITIONS DECLARATIONS ET GARANTIES EXPRESSES OU TACITES SONT FORMELLEMENT EXCLUES DANS LA MESURE AUTORISEE PAR LA LOI APPLICABLE Y COMPRIS NOTAMMENT TOUTE GARANTIE IMPLICITE RELATIVE A LA QUALITE MARCHANDE L APTITUDE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE OU A L ABSENCE DE CONTREFACON Ka Adobe PostScript Contents Preface 5 Before You Read This Book 5 How This Book Is Organized 6 Using UNIX Commands 6 Shell Prompts 7 Typographic Conventions 7 Accessing Sun Documentation 7 Contacting Sun Technical Support 8 Sun Welcomes Your Comments 8 Getting Sta
30. r Application fsrc DAES And TES Used TOP QEVYEIGEMMENT Compiling and Running the Application Now that you have installed the application the next section shows you how to compile and run the application in a device emulator 1 In the Filesystems tab of the Explorer expand the Currency Converter Application src filesystem node A Converter folder and Converter MIDlet suite node are displayed Chapter 2 Introduction to the Currency Converter 13 Filesystem _1 Currency Converter Application fsrc converter converter _____ MIDlet Suite DAES And eS Wed TAF Geve ee eee 2 Right click on the MIDlet suite and choose Execute The Execute function compiles the MIDlet application if necessary before it executes the application Notice that the MIDlet suite s Converter MIDIet application runs on the emulator device skin that is configured as the default In this case the default is the DefaultColorPhone skin within the J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2 1 installation 14 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial March 2004 Fall Select one to launch F Currency Converter Click here to select Launch SSF Now you re ready to test the application in the device emulator Select the currency you want to convert by clicking the up and down arrow keys on the Select button You can select Dollars Euros or Yen Enter the currency amount to convert by clicking the emulator s nu
31. ram runs opening a device emulator Notice that a Debugging window opens in the Explorer window This is called the Debugging workspace You can change the view using the tabs at the bottom of the window Note If the emulator does not run as expected make sure you have selected the converter MIDlet suite and not the Converter MIDlet You ve now established your debugging environment so you are ready to debug the application To find the method you re looking for you now need to cause a conversion to occur This is done by interacting with the MIDlet in the device emulator Chapter 5 Debugging MiDlets and MIDlet Suites 41 42 Z File Edit View Project Build Debug Versioning Tools Window Help FE 5550000 DefaultCoaes ial ET MiDiet Help IE alx Start Session rle pb g Finish Sessions Shift F5 Filesystem X Runtime J Fiesystems _ PALEE Qe Currency Converter Application oF continue COl F5 EE Se POC MMED I and Settings Wav Sten Over Fa roe EN myconverter i Converter ES step ntz FE Li Currency Converter ConvertertilDilet ga Step Out AIt SNitt F7 this setCurren Currencies Selector Lan Bun te Cursar F4 converter as ea Fis gsChanged Stack k this setCurrent E New Breakpoint Ctrl Shiftt Fe T New Watch Col Shit F f terval int fri See CRE Ne ConverterhlDlet Dehua Console Debugger Console ConverterhlDlet I Debugger
32. re are certain concepts used within the IDE that you must know to successfully create applications in the Sun Java Studio environment Mounting a Filesystem A filesystem is comparable to a directory in the operating system Mounting a filesystem displays the filesystem in the Explorer window and lets you browse and work with filesystem s files from within the Mobility Modules The mounted filesystem is included in the Java classpath which is necessary for compiling running and debugging code Compilation and Preverification When you compile with the IDE the tool s MIDP compiler combines into one sequence several steps that might otherwise have to be performed individually The compiler compiles the MIDlet s java file and produces a binary class file In the J2SE platform a bytecode verifier checks the class file to ensure that it meets Java standards and will behave well when executed However the code that implements bytecode verification is too large to fit on most mobile devices Because of the limited memory of mobile devices bytecode verification for J2ME CLDC based applications is broken down into two steps Chapter 3 Tutorial Concepts 21 22 In the first step a MIDlet is preverified after compilation to ensure that the MIDlet meets the requirements for the device it is being compiled for The Preverifier rearranges the bytecode in the compiled classes to simplify the final stage of byte code verification on the
33. rsions at http www sun com documentation Preface 7 Contacting Sun Technical Support If you have technical questions about this product that are not answered in this document go to http www sun com service contacting Sun Welcomes Your Comments Sun is interested in improving its documentation and welcomes your comments and suggestions You can submit your comments by going to http www sun com hwdocs feedback Please include the title and part number of your document with your feedback Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial part number 817 6989 10 8 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 CHAPTER 1 Getting Started This chapter explains what you must do before starting the Mobility Modules for NetBeans tutorial The topics covered in this section are a Obtaining and Installing the Required Software on page 9 a Starting the IDE on page 10 Obtaining and Installing the Required software The following items are used to create and run the tutorial m The NetBeans 3 6 Integrated Development Environment IDE m The Mobility Modules for NetBeans which include the following a J2ME Wireless Module a J2ME Wireless Toolkit 2 1 a J2ME Wireless Toolkit 1 0 4_01 optional a J2ME Examples Module a The two Currency Converter applications you will build in this tutorial You can obtain these modules from the NetBeans Update Center as described in the next sectio
34. rted 9 Obtaining and Installing the Required Software 9 Installing the Mobility Modules 10 Starting the IDE 10 Introduction to the Currency Converter 11 Description of the Currency Converter Application 11 Installing the Currency Converter Application 12 Compiling and Running the Application 13 Switching Emulators 16 Summary 18 3 Tutorial Concepts 19 MIDP Application Concepts 19 Java 2 Micro Edition J2ME 19 Connected Limited Device Configuration CLDC 20 Mobile Information Device Profile MIDP 20 Structure of a MIDP Application 20 MIDlets 20 MIDlet Suites 20 Creating MIDlets with the Mobility Modules IDE 21 Mounting a Filesystem 21 Compilation and Preverification 21 Emulators 22 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 23 Initial Setup 23 Creating the MIDlet Suite 24 Coding the MIDlet 26 Creating a MIDP Form 30 Creating a MIDP list 33 Packaging the Currency Converter Application 35 5 Debugging MIDlets and MIDlet Suites 39 MIDP Debugging With the Mobility Modules 39 Setting a Breakpoint 40 Running a Debugging Session 41 4 Mobility Modules for NetBeans 2004Q1 Tutorial e March 2004 Preface This tutorial creates an application that conforms to the architecture of the Java 2 Platform Micro Edition J2ME platform The application is also compliant with the Connected Limited Device Configuration CLDC and Mobile Information Device Profile MIDP standards By working through tasks that create develop and
35. s displaying the wrong value you can set a breakpoint in the code that does the conversion and examine the values of variables used in the computation If your program is going to the wrong page when a soft button is pressed you can set a breakpoint in the commandAction method and single step through it to see why it is displaying the wrong page 39 This debugging example designed to show just a few of the features of the Mobility Modules debugging environment assumes that you want to examine the values used in the conversion This example uses the Currency Converter application you installed in Chapter 2 In this debugging session you will m Insert a breakpoint in the method where the conversion starts m Identify the method that performs the conversion m Examine the values used in the conversion 40 Setting a Breakpoint The first step in debugging is to set a breakpoint in the code where you first want to examine the execution of the program Therefore you want to set a breakpoint in the conversion code At this point however you are not yet familiar with the code and don t know where this point is This is typical when debugging code you are not familiar with so you want to set a breakpoint in the code that initiates the conversion Conversions are done as each number is entered so you want to set a breakpoint in the itemStateChanged method in the Converter class To set a breakpoint Expand the converter folder
36. through the tasks necessary to build the J2ME MIDP CLDC application Currency Converter The sections in this chapter are Initial Setup on page 23 Creating the MIDlet Suite on page 24 Coding the MIDlet on page 26 Creating a MIDP Form on page 30 Creating a MIDP list on page 33 Packaging the Currency Converter Application on page 35 As you go through the tutorial keep in mind that the Mobility Modules often has more than one way to perform a particular function The tutorial illustrates one way to perform a function but there are often other ways to accomplish the same function For example functions from the drop down menus can usually be accessed by right clicking on an entity and then selecting from its contextual menu As you grow more familiar with the tool you will find the operational mode with which you are most comfortable Initial Setup Before you create the Currency Converter MIDlet you need to select a directory filesystem on your system and mount it into the IDE Mounting is explained in Mounting a Filesystem on page 21 Then you ll create a package myconverter to contain the Currency Converter files This tutorial will use a directory in the default Mobility Modules user directory for a user named JavaCoder on the Windows platform c Documents and Settings JavaCoder netbeans sampledir 23 If the sampledir filesystem is already mounted you can skip to Step 4 To
37. tream DataOutputStream out new DataOutputStream bytes EEY H out writeInt currencies length for int 1 0 i lt currencies length i out writeUTF currencies i out writeBoolean selected i for int j 0 j lt currencies length j out writeLong rates i j out close if storedData getNumRecords gt 0 storedData setRecord 1 bytes toByteArray 0 bytes size else storedData addRecord bytes toByteArray 0 bytes size catch IOException ioe 10e printStackTrace catch RecordStoreException e e printStackTrace notifyDestroyed The destroyapp method is called when the application is finished or destroyed 7 Add the following three new methods a showSettings public void showSettings Display getDisplay this setCurrent new CurrenciesSelector this This method creates and displays the CurrenciesSelector list Chapter 4 Creating a MIDlet and MIDlet Suite 29 b notifySettingsChanged public void notifySettingsChanged Display getDisplay this setCurrent new Converter this This method displays a new Converter form after the settings are changed c longconvert public long convert Long frval int fridx int toidx 4 return frval rates fridx toidx 1000000 This method performs the currency conversion The input value frval is multiplied by the exchange rate stored in the rates table and divided by 1 000 0
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