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YIA-776 - Kelders Boxmeer

1. 30 T n 34 NA DD DD A 36 ECCI DD DD Hn 39 GUE ERN EI ETT TE IDE wc E A 41 2 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 Nomenclature NOMENCLATURE The model number denotes the following characteristics of the unit YIA ST 8E1 46 A 5 MODEL L SPECIAL Special Tubes Contract Job MODIFICATION LEVEL HEAT SOURCE ST Steam ELECTRICAL CODE HW Hot Water 17 208 3 60 28 230 3 60 SIZE CODE 46 460 3 60 50 380 400 3 50 58 575 3 60 JOHNSON CONTROLS 3 Introduction BOILER WASTE HEAT BOILER WATER PUMP PANDEN INTAKE EXHAUST comm to COMPRESSOR TURBINE INLET AIR COOLING 5 environmental and energy considerations demand innovative chiller plant designs which save expensive peak load kW hours and eliminate CFC s In a growing number of applications with waste heat or abundant low pressure steam single effect absorption chillers offer an ideal means of saving on cooling costs without a significant installation cost penalty That s why Johnson Controls is proud to introduce the YIA Single Effect Absorption Chiller
2. Te UNIT MODEL YIA OPERATING SHIPPING WEIGHT RIGGING WEIGHT SOLUTION WEIGHT REFRIG WEIGHT WATER WEIGHT WEIGHT LBS LBS NOTES 1 Units family are rigged two pieces as a standard 2 Operating weight shipping weight Weight of refrigerant and solution weight of chilled tower and hot water in the tubes JOHNSON CONTROLS 37 Physical Data continued DIMENSIONS METRIC MEASURE UNIT MODEL MAXIMUM OVERALL DIM TUBE PULL YIA 8 F lt 6 UNIT MODEL YIA OPERATING SHIPPING WEIGHT RIGGING WEIGHT SOLUTION WEIGHT REFRIG WEIGHT WATER WEIGHT WEIGHT KGS KGS NOTES 1 Units in F family are rigged in two pieces as a standard 2 Operating weight shipping weight Weight of refrigerant and solution weight of chilled tower and hot water in the tubes 38 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 Electrical Data TABLE 14 ELECTRICAL RATINGS Minimum Disconnect Max Dual Chiller Voltage Volts Solution Pump Refrigerant Pump Purge Pump hp Switch Elem Fuse Circuit Total KW Model Ph Hz Customer Customer Ampacity LRA LRA LRA 200 208 3 60 125 125 21 142 352 60 45 59 _ 2030 m ms 59 a 990390 65 23 65 29 11 54 90 20 59 400350 63 5 63 245 11 51 77 9 02 59 4030 6 2 6 25
3. NI O gt oO gt O 2388 NO To n 171 15 mo 209 ms 915 _ gt 43 20 23 25 33 6 39 4 8 1 3 7 N O 507 553 is 192 N c N a Ol A a 1 23 25 28 30 37 41 44 49 56 N N N a O JI a 00 Co NO a NO _ N CI 231 2 a 1 O 5 OIA BA B NM O A O 100 110 156 171 NO N N gt NO JI NO 61 68 95 106 106 151 167 182 185 257 284 310 344 319 416 534 591 647 772 844 916 23 Application Data continued Auxiliary Condensate Receiver An auxiliary con densate receiver must be used if the main condensate receiver is located a great distance from the chiller or above the chiller An auxiliary condensate pump is used to send condensate from the auxiliary receiver to the main condensate receiver The auxiliary condensate receiver should be located at floor level as close to the absorption unit as possible A check valve in the auxiliary condensate pump discharge line is recommended where condensate backflow may occur
4. Remote unit start stop Remote chilled water temperature reset e Remote steam limit input The Microcomputer Control Panel shall also be capable of providing a limited interface to other building automation systems which are not provided by the chiller manufacturer in order to permit the following operations Remote unit start stop Remote chilled water temperature reset Remote steam limit input Remote readout of status including e Unit ready to start e Unit operating e Unit safety shutdown e Unit cycling shutdown Johnson WN Controls
5. STEAM HW CONTROL VALVE STEAM HW the lower shell and is sprayed over the evapora tor tube bundle Due to the extreme vacuum of the lower shell mm Hg 0 8 kPa absolute pressure the refrigerant liquid boils at approximately 39 F 3 9 C creating the refrigerant effect This vacuum is created by hygroscopic action the strong affinity lithium bromide has for water in the Absorber directly below 5 Absorber As the refrigerant vapor migrates to the absorber from the evaporator the strong lithium ELIMINATOR BAFFLE lt CONDENSATE HW E ms 5 1 4 MI 7 0 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 8 1 al nD 5 Com TTC ji Ul 4 automatic DE CRYSTALLIZATION gt bromide solution from the generator is sprayed over the top of the absorber tube bundle The strong lithium bromide solution actually pulls the refrigerant vapor into solution creating the extreme vacuum in the evaporator The absorption of the refrigerant vapor into the lithium bromide solution also generates heat which is rem
6. Auxiliary condensate receivers with condensate pumps are available as a package They include a float or other control to cycle the pump to suit the condensate flow Manufacturers recommendations concerning selection and application of these packages should be followed Condensate Return Systems Steam condensate return systems should be designed in accordance with good engineering practice for the general purpose of removing condensate from the absorp tion units generator and returning it to the boiler Either an atmospheric or a vacuum condensate return system may be used with absorption units as discussed earlier in this section A general understanding of the YORK single effect ab sorption unit operating requirements and characteristics is necessary before discussing the condensate return systems The absorption chiller will operate at full load steam pressures in the 9 12 psig 62 to 88 kPa range down to pressures well into the vacuum region at part load As the cooling load decreases the chilled water controller will start closing the steam control valve reducing both steam flow and steam pressure to the generator At some part load point say 75 for illustration the steam pressure will be 0 psig or atmospheric With further reduction in load the steam valve will continue to close resulting in generator steam pressures below atmospheric pressure providing a vacuum condensate return system is used lf an atmospheric re
7. 1 62 68 30 2 59 9 5360 49 4 49 1 49 17 3 15 59 20020830 15 126 21 82 32 4 55 Lmsm Te Ta m 5 9 a 990390 65 65 11 54 183 3 20 59 404350 63 5 63 25 11 51 9 20 59 e 75 II 2 ws ai m 59 200 208 360 125 125 21 142 352 60 4 59 290 12 55 12 5 22 128 335 60 45 55 ve 59 40390 6 5 63 25 11 51 90 20 59 __ 160200 j J m 6 275 1 41 521 2 25 59 200 208 360 3 125 21 142 352 60 45 59 080 21 5 5 22 02 55 5 9 T so 65 183 400350 63 245 63 25 11 51 _ 030 s 25 6 zs II 02 16 8 _ 5530 49 4 1 13 7 14 2 35 2 _ 2059 2 5 2 2 28 33 5 5 2 65 17 7 _ 40300 6 25 275 11 16 8 a 13 7 3m 8 05 s 2 m 446 _ 20340 8 2 5 22 28 923 dH sso 8 65 84 1183 _ 403600 95 6 25 62 22 _ 5539 s mw s 5 230360 9 12 55 22 128 423 ans 73 40390 4 83 ms 11 81 28 73 460360 95 4 6 275 11 62 22 83 3 73 55530 78
8. Chiller shall include an automatic decrystallization system designed to remove any minor crystallization which may occur System shall immediately detect a blockage in the heat exchanger through the use of thermal sensors and respond with the introduction of refrigerant water to dilute the strong solution entering the solution heat exchanger PUMPS Solution and refrigerant pumps shall be hermetically sealed self lubricating totally enclosed factory mounted wired and tested Motor windings shall not be exposed to lithium bromide or water The suction and discharge 41 Guide Specifications continued connections for each pump shall be fully welded to the unit piping to minimize the opportunity for leaks Suction and discharge connections shall be equipped with factory installed isolation valves to permit quick and easy servicing of pumps Pumps shall be designed to operate for a total of 55 000 hours between service inspections PURGING SYSTEM Absorber shall be equipped with a purging system to remove non condensible vapors from the unit during op eration Non condensibles shall be drawn from a purge header located in the absorber and removed through the operation of an electric vacuum pump The purge pump shall be of an oil rotary single stage de sign and shall be furnished complete with a 0 68 kW 3 Phase TEFC motor and all required accessories The purge pump shall be shipped mounted on the chiller and c
9. 3 49 1 49 14 83 73 2008598 20 8 25 2 12 60 73 230360 19 80 12 55 22 128 423 60 60 73 484 73 73 40360 95 6 275 11 62 22 30 3 73 73 200 208 3 60 20 78 125 5 21 142 60 60 73 230360 19 65 12 5 22 128 423 60 60 73 m 73 73 460360 95 9 6 275 1 62 22 3 3 73 200 208 3 60 20 78 125 5 21 142 60 60 73 230360 19 12 55 22 128 423 60 60 73 73 73 460360 95 40 6 275 62 22 3 30 73 73 co 5 co 30 N gt QI sn O Sn Co 1 N O O 30 N 2 co C Co 1 Table 14 is appropriate for both Steam Hot Water Units 2 Purge pump ratings are for the Welch model 1402 3 Disconnect size in accordance with NEC A Johnson Controls supplied 100 amp non fused unit disconnect switch is in the power panel JOHNSON CONTROLS 39 Electrical Data continued TABLE 14 ELECTRICAL RATINGS Cont d Minimum Disconnect Max Dual Chiller Voltage Volts Solution Pump Refrigerant Pump Purge Pu
10. H will dissolve in the condensate forming carbonic acid which is extremely corrosive to pipes and system components Enthalpy For purposes of this engineering guide the term enthalpy is the energy content contained in a certain quantity of steam or other substance The term specific enthalpy refers to the heat contained 1 Ib kg of steam at certain thermodynamic conditions To determine the total heat content contained in a quan tity of steam multiply the specific enthalpy by the mass of the steam To determine the approximate heat input to the YIA unit the following equation should be used Input Btu hr or W hr h1 h2 X m Where h1 enthalpy of steam entering the unit saturated vapor h2 enthalpy of condensate leaving the unit subcooled liquid mass flow rate of steam Ib hr or kg hr h1 can be determined by reading the pressure at the Steam Inlet Pressure Indicator Then refer to steam tables to find the enthalpy of the saturated vapor at this pressure This value assumes that dry steam is entering the unit Refer to subcooled liquid tables to determine enthalpy of the condensate leaving the unit Both temperature and pressure must be measured to determine this value JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 Steam Information Latent heat is the quantity of energy that must be re moved to condense steam from a saturated vapor to a saturated liquid at a constant pressu
11. be sized to eliminate the need for contractor provided by pass piping 3 4 or 1 19 1 mm 25 4 mm with a wall thickness of 0 028 0 71 mm Tubes for the solution heat exchanger shall be 0 043 1 9 mm wall carbon steel WATER BOXES Water boxes shall be removable to permit tube cleaning and replacement Water circuit tubing to be replaceable from either end of the absorption unit Stub out water connections having Victaulic grooves shall be provided as standard ANSI flanged connections are optional All water boxes and associated water circuit nozzles and tube bundles shall be designed for 150 psig 1 0 mPa working pressure and shall be hydrostatically tested to 225 psig 1 5 mPa Vent and drain connections shall be provided on each water box Manufacturers shall provide lifting lugs on each of the water boxes or install lifting lugs in the field The Generator Water boxes for steam applications are designed for 150 PSIG 1 0 MPa working pressure and are tested at 225 PSIG 1 5 MPa The steam working pressure is limited to the specified design pressure which under no circumstances is to exceed 14 PSIG 198 kPa at the generator The steam connections are 150 PSIG ANSI flanges The Generator water boxes for hot water applications are designed for 300 PSIG 2 17 MPa and tested at 450 PSIG 3 20 MPa The hot water connections are stub out water connections with Victaulic grooves AUTOMATIC DECRYSTALLIZATION SYSTEM
12. blowing through the separator into the condensate return system The use of a steam separator and trap will allow dry steam to enter the unit at all times The system requirement is to have dry steam into the generator of the absorption chiller If dry steam can be supplied without the use of a steam separator then it is not necessary to install one In cases where the chiller is located close to the boiler or is supplied with superheat the steam reaching the chiller may already be dry However since any liquid present in the steam entering the chiller will reduce the heat input it is important to include a steam separator unless it is truly not necessary Pressure Reducing Valve A pressure reducing valve must be used if the steam pressure to the chiller is greater than 16 psig 110 kPaG For applications where the steam supply pressure is known to fluctuate it is recommended that a steam pressure regulating valve be used When needed a steam pressure reducing valve suitable for dead end service must be provided in the steam sup ply piping ahead of the steam control valve This pres sure reducing valve should be sized on the basis of the pressure drop and absorption unit full load steam flow requirements not on the basis of steam supply pipe size which can result in an oversized valve The pressure reducing valve should be provided with stop valves on both inlet and outlet and a full size bypass with a globe valve to permit ma
13. here a hermetic solution pump moves the solution through a shell and tube heat exchanger for preheat ing Generator After exiting the heat exchanger the dilute solution moves into the upper shell The STABILIZER UNLOADER CONTROL VALVE CONTROL VALVE SOLUTION SOLUTION PUMP HEAT EXCHANGER solution surrounds a bundle of tubes which carries ei ther steam or hot water The steam or hot water transfers heat into the pool of dilute lithium bromide solution The solution boils sending refrigerant va por upward into the condenser and leaving behind concentrated lithium bromide The concentrated lithium bromide solution moves down to the heat exchanger where it is cooled by the weak solution being pumped up to the generator Condenser The refrigerant vapor migrates through STEAM HW CONTROL VALVE STEAM HW CONDENSATE HW mist eliminators to the condenser tube bundle The refrigerant vapor condenses on the tubes The heat is removed by the cooling water which moves through the inside of the tubes As the refrigerant condenses it collects in a trough at the bottom of the condenser Evaporator The refrigerant liquid moves from the condenser in the upper shell down to the evaporator JOHNSON CONTROLS ELIMINATOR COOLING BAFFLES
14. setpoint and shutdown information to a remote printer printer supplied by others This transmission can occur as needed or automatically at predetermined intervals 0 1 to 25 5 hr In the case of a safety or cycling 43 Guide Specifications continued shutdown the RS 232 port shall transmit all operating data detected prior to the shutdown as well as the time and cause of the shutdown to a remote printer printer supplied by others In addition a history of the last four safety or cycling shutdowns and operating data with the exception of power failures shall be retained in memory and can be printed as well Energy Management Interface When connected to a BAS interface provided by the chiller manufacturer the microcomputer control panel shall be able to communicate all data accessible from the keypad to a remote integrated DDC processor through a single shielded cable This information will include all unit temperatures pressures safety alarms and status readouts for complete integrated plant control data logging and local remote dis play of operator information The single shielded cable shall also allow the remote integrated DDC processor to issue operating commands to the control center including but not limited to the following Printed on recycled paper Form 155 16 EG1 1008 Supersedes 155 16 EG1 604 2008 Johnson Controls Inc P O Box 423 Milwaukee WI 53201 Printed in USA www johnsoncontrols com
15. 55 0 2 42 29 4 38 6 82 5 2 63 5C2 1442 3400 12 2 6 7 62 0 2 54 29 4 38 6 93 0 2 60 5C3 1568 3725 12 2 6 7 67 5 2 75 29 4 38 6 100 9 1 36 701 1987 4680 12 2 6 7 85 5 2 63 29 4 38 6 128 0 2 66 7D2 2170 5130 12 2 6 7 93 4 2 72 29 4 38 6 140 0 1 33 803 2475 5810 12 2 6 7 106 6 2 108 29 4 38 6 159 5 1 45 8E1 2792 6630 12 2 6 7 120 2 2 78 29 4 38 6 180 3 1 27 1063 3976 7990 1453 29 4 2175 46 13F2 4343 10260 186 9 29 4 280 6 48 NOTES 1 All IsoFlow Chillers are rated according to ARI 560 2000 Ratings in Tables above represent unit performance at nominal conditions For full and part load conditions at specific conditions contact your local Johnson Controls office JOHNSON CONTROLS 31 Ratings continued 110 gt B Chile Coolg Capac b Fall Load tows m 0 2 TI i5 5 F 4 6 7 8 9 C Leaving Chilled Water Temp FIG 11 TYPICAL CHILLER COOLING CAPACITY FOR REQUIRED LCHWT 105 dU 85 cn T 23 E ay oT Seam leet Press are Jl pe kh FIG 12 TYPICAL CHILLER COOLING CAPACITY FOR AVAILABLE STEAM INLET PRESSURE T C C O 6 l E LL C E 2 3S Chiller Steam Consumption qe 44 F 6 7 8 9 C Leaving Chilled Water Temp FIG 13 TYPICAL CHILLER STEAM CONSUMPTION FOR LCHWT 32 JOHNSON CONTROLS gt Example COP Calculation COP for an absorption chiller is
16. 6 5 2 7 6 5 1 2 10 1 2 7 5 6 7 10 2 4 21 0 0 7 3B2 1 8 16 5 3 0 6 5 1 2 10 1 2 02 5 5 i 7 5 7 3 10 2 4 21 0 0 7 4B4 1 0 17 5 3 7 6 5 1 2 10 1 2 i gt 0 3 i 4 7 576 4 27 0 0 9 5C2 2 4 17 5 3 7 7 5 1 2 10 1 8 T 9 4 Tara 4 1 T 577 3 33 0 0 9 JOHNSON CONTROLS 29 Ratings TABLE 7 NOMINAL RATINGS STEAM MACHINES ENGLISH MODEL CAPA CON EVAPORATOR a OUTLET F SUMP YIA ST FLOW GPM TION LBS HR 1 2 155 2840 372 3 2A3 172 3140 2 2A4 205 3760 2 281 235 4300 2 JHEIHHEH JB3 311 9650 2 22 2 22 4 1 363 6650 872 2 TETER DT 5C3 446 8200 1071 2 6C4 2 4 d 702 617 11 300 1481 2 8E1 794 14 600 1906 2 x2 98 9 6 oo 2 063 oo meo s 1 18 2000 2 2 2681 a ter 25200 a ss 1 OF PASS PRESS OF PASS DROP FT ya FLOW F GPM 101 4 558 14 85 101 4 1308 iB 29 85 101 4 1600 1 85 101 4 2220 85 101 4 2860 II ow 7 oo e5 1014 3450 1 TEE 45 1 so ABSORBER CONDENSER PRESS DROP 1 All IsoFlow Chillers are rated according to ARI 560 2000 Ratings in Tables above represent unit performance at nominal conditions For full and part load conditions at specific conditions contact your local Johnson Con
17. Specific Vol IL Temp F mm Hg Abs 340 345 350 360 117 93 126 23 134 53 152 92 JOHNSON CONTROLS 875 40 System Design The use of low pressure steam as a heat source for single effect absorption chillers is the most common application Steam is utilized by the absorption unit at 14 psig 97 kPa or lower It can be used from a low pressure boiler a waste steam source or reduced from a high pressure boiler or district steam supply approximately 18 3 Ib 8 3 kg of steam per hour per ton of refrigeration The YIA Single Effect Absorption Chiller is designed for a maximum pressure into the steam valve of 16 psig 110 kPa G with a maximum steam temperature of 337 F 169 C The Control Center incorporates a steam demand limiting control which allows the user to slowly increase steam demand in a linear fashion for a time period up to 255 minutes see Controls section When steam demand limiting is not employed start up steam demand is ap preciably higher than the normal full load steam rate Unrestricted start up demand is dependent upon the full load pressure drop through the valve If full load design is based upon a relatively high pressure drop through the valve the increases in steam demand on start up will not be nearly as much as if the design steam valve pres sure drop is low For a 3 psi 21 kPa design steam valve pressure drop one can expect about a 50 increase in steam demand
18. THEORY Saturation Temperature The temperature at which a fluid changes from the liquid phase to the vapor phase or conversely from the vapor phase to the liquid phase is called the saturation tem perature liquid at the saturation temperature is called a saturated liquid and a vapor at the saturation temperature is called a saturated vapor It is important to recognize that the saturation temperature of the liquid the temperature at which the liquid will vaporize and the saturation tem perature of the vapor the temperature at which the vapor will condense are the same for any given pressure For any given pressure the saturation temperature is the maximum temperature the liquid can achieve and stay a liquid and the minimum temperature the vapor can achieve and stay a vapor Any attempt to raise the temperature of aliquid above the saturation temperature will only result in vaporizing some part of the liquid Similarly any attempt to reduce the temperature of a vapor below the satura tion temperature will only result in condensing some part of the vapor Superheated Vapor Vapor at any temperature above the saturation tem perature corresponding to its pressure is referred to as superheated vapor Once a liquid has been completely vaporized the temperature of the resulting vapor can be further increased by adding energy When the tempera ture of a vapor has been increased above the saturation temperature the vapor is said
19. WATER HOT WATER WATER CONTROLLER gt gt COPA HE X 3 WAY DIVERTING HOT WATER VALVE SUPPLIED BY YORK MINIMUM PRESSURE PA CHECK GAUGE HOT WATER RETURN FIG 8 TYPICAL HOT WATER PIPING JOHNSON CONTROLS may be desirable to prevent sweating of cold surfaces or to prevent overheating of the mechanical equipment room due to heat gains from the high temperature surfaces of the unit Tables 3 and 4 below give the heat loss and ventilation requirements for a 10 F ambient temperature rise for the various YIA units and further reduces the risk of crystallization Tables 4 and 5 on page 28 provide ap proximate insulation areas PRESSURE Ces 21 Application Data continued TABLE 3 GENERATOR HEAT LOSS ENGLISH TABLE 4 GENERATOR HEAT LOSS METRIC MODEL HEAT LOSS VENTILATION MODEL HEAT LOSS VENTILATION YIA BTUH CFM YIA L S 1A1 750 1A1 354 1A2 750 1A2 415 2A3 880 2A3 472 2A4 1 000 2 4 519 281 1 100 281 590 382 1 250 382 661 383 1 400 383 850 484 1 600 484 661 4C1 1 800 4C1 850 5 2 2 000 5 2 944 5C3 2 200 5C3 1038 6C4 2 500 6C4 1180 7D1 2 800 7D1 1321 702 3 200 702 1510 803 3 600 803 1699 8E1 4 200 8E1 1982 9E2 4 600 9E2 2171 10C3 5 100 10C3 2407 12 1 2 800 12 1 2 37 13F2 6 600 13F2 3115 14F3 7 200 14F3 3398 28 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 TABLE 5 APPROXIMATE INSULA
20. an acceptable payback when more efficient yet more expensive double effect chillers cannot For these and similar money saving designs consider the field proven YIA design In over thirty five years of opera tion the YORK single effect design has proven itself in applications ranging from schools to refineries Now with state of the art controls and continual product improve ment the YORK YIA machine is truly without peer When it comes to absorption technology there s only one leader Johnson Controls JOHNSON CONTROLS Reliability Features FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 The YORK YIA Absorption Chiller introduces a revolu tionary system of unit controls and mechanical devices designed to keep the chiller running in even the most extreme circumstances Old concerns about crystallization are approached with a hybrid of new technology and older proven methods Additionally the YIA chiller contains a host of other features designed to give the machine a long trouble free life The result the smartest safest and most reliable single effect absorption chiller on the market today See Fig 1 for the location of the reliability features 1 Concentration Limit The MicroComputerControl Center actually detects high lithium bromide concentra tions which can damage the unit When high concentra tions are present the panel limits heat input until the solution reaches equilibrium at a lower concentration In this manner the machin
21. be selected for about 1 5 times the design full steam flow rate at the design operating pressure differential The operating full load pressure dif ferential PD SP P P where PD Trap pressure drop psi SP Steam pressure psig at generator flange nor mally 3 psi less than the design pressure to the control valve Condensate line pressure drop losses psi Check valve pressure drop loss psi Condensate cooler pressure drop loss psi U U U II 3 Select float capacity from manufacturer s ratings per above recommendations The line from the steam trap to the condensate receiver will contain some flash vapor flowing with the condensate This line should be as short as possible preferably not more than 30 feet 9 m in equivalent length As a general rule it should be sized according to the number of traps used and one or more sizes larger in the case of longer piping runs Check Valve Acheck valve should be provided in the trap outlet line to prevent any possible air or condensate leakage back to the generator under reduced load operat ing conditions Condensate Cooler The use of a condensate cooler between the trap and the condensate receiver to cool the condensate below its flash is required for vacuum return systems and may be desirable though not required for atmospheric return systems The variations in condensate flow must be recognized and the cooler selected to cool the m
22. calculated with the fol lowing equation Q input Mass Flow Enthalpy The example chiller has the following operating condi tions Capacity 1025 tons ECHWT LCHWT 50 F 40 F ECWT LCWT 85 F 97 4 Steam Pressure 2 5 psig dry saturated Steam Flow Rate 18806 8 Ibs hr Standard fouling in all circuits From the steam tables 2 5 psig 17 2 PSIA is Steam Temperature 219 5 Enthalpy of Condensate 180 5 Btu lb Enthalpy of Steam 1150 6 Btu lb Differenee 9790 1 Btu lb cop 1025 tons 12 000 Btuh ton 48806 8 Ibs hr 970 1 997 INTEGRATED PART LOAD VALUE IPLV In the English I P system IPLV is calculated by the fol lowing formula IPLV 1 OF ee APLV 0 01 0 42 4 0 45 0 12 A B C D Where A Kw ton at 100 Load B Kw tonat 75 Load C Kw tonat 50 Load D Kw tonat 25 Load JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 In SI Metric the formula is IPLV or 0 01A 0 42B 0 45C 0 12D APLV Where A COP at 100 Load B COP at 75 Load C COP at 50 Load D COP at 25 Load TABLE 9 IPLV ANALYSIS ENTERING CON WEIGHTING WEIGHTED LOAD DENSER WATER COP FACTOR FROM AVERAGE TEMP F ARI 560 92 100 85 00 001 0 007 75 7875 074 042 0311 so 7250 045 0387 IPLV expressed as 0 798 TABLE 10 FOULING FACTOR ENGLISH I P EQUIVALENT SI METRIC ft F hr
23. or flanges and are capped for shipment Lifting lugs are provided on each water box and plugged vent and drain connections are provided for each water box The Generator Water boxes for steam aplications are designed for 150 PSIG 1 0 MPa working pressure and are tested at 225 PSIG 1 5 MPa The steam working pressure is limited to the specified design pressure which under no circumstances is to exceed 14 PSIG 198 kPa at the generator The steam connections are 150 PSIG ANSI flanges The Generator water boxes for hot water applications are designed for 300 PSIG 2 17 MPa and tested at 450 PSIG 3 20 MPa The hot water connections are stub out water connections with Victaulic grooves SOLUTION HEAT EXCHANGER The solution heat exchanger is a shell and tube design with carbon steel tubing The shell is formed from car bon steel plate with fusion welded seams Tubes are roller expanded into carbon steel tube sheets PUMPS Solution and refrigerant pumps are hermetically sealed self lubricating totally enclosed factory mounted wired and tested Motor windings are not exposed to LiBr or water The suction and discharge connections for each pump are fully welded to the unit piping to minimize the opportunity for leaks Pumps are designed to operate for a total of 55 000 hours between service inspections These pumps feature self adjusting spring loaded conical bearings that ensure concentric rotation and reduce inter ference
24. Btu m C W 0 00025 0 000044 0 0005 0 000088 0 00075 0 000132 33 Nozzle Arrangements LEFT END STEAM INLET FIG 14 STEAM CHILLER NOZZLE ARRANGEMENTS LEFT END HOT WATER INLET FIG 15 HOT WATER CHILLER NOZZLE ARRANGEMENTS 34 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 TABLE 11 EVAPORATOR PASS ARRANGEMENTS NUMBER NOZZLE PASSES ARRANGEMENT 1 3 E2 E8 II OF C NOTES 1 Marine Waterboxes are available on E2 E4 E7 amp E8 only 2 4 Pass Evaporators are not available on F family of chillers TABLE 12 ABSORBER CONDENSER ARRANGEMENTS NUMBER OF NOZZLE CONDENSER ABSORBER PASSES OUT 3 5 B ACS 5 2 AC 5 3 8 ACB 3 8 NOTES 1 Three pass Absorber not available on E amp F family chillers 2 Marine Waterboxes not available for 1 Pass Absorber in A family chillers TABLE 13 HOT WATER GENERATOR NOZZLE ARRANGEMENTS NUMBER NOZZLE OUT PASSES ARRANGEMENT 2 v 3 JOHNSON CONTROLS 35 Physical Data TUBE MAINTENANCE CLEARANCE EITHER END POWER LT m v PANEL LEFT END RIGHT END LD00688 R FIG 16 UNIT DIMENSIONS 36 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 DIMENSIONS ENGLISH MEASURE YIA 3 TT TT T
25. Control valve position in 96 Indication of each pump s operation Inlet steam pressure and temperature Hot water temperature Solution concentration In addition all operating and setpoint information can be transmitted to an optional remote printer through the RS232 port to obtain data logs e At any time by pressing the PRINT button Atset time intervals by programming the panel After a safety shutdown to list the cause of the shut down and the operational parameters just prior to shutdown Foracomplete history print out of the last four shutdowns and operational parameters just prior to shutdown 10 CAPACITY CONTROL When automatic capacity control is desired the Control Center automatically varies the steam hot water flow rate with a fuzzy logic control algorithm in order to maintain the programmed leaving chilled water setpoint for cooling loads ranging from 10 to 100 of design e Digital keypad entry of setpoint to 0 1 F 0 1 C Verify actual vs setpoint temperature alphanu meric display Remote reset of setpoint up to 20 F 11 1 C range with a 1 to 11 second PWM signal optional 4 20mA 0 10 VDC or contact closure When automatic control is not desired the input steam hot water flow rate is also manually adjustable from the Con trol Center panel to any setting between minimum and maximum provided steam water input is not inhibited by a specific operating condition e g safet
26. FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 al YORK BY JOHNSON CONTROLS YIA Single Effect Absorption Chillers Steam And Hot Water Chillers Style A 120 1377 TONS U 420 4840 kW Table of Contents FORM TO 6 6 lt lt 2332 3 3 3_ _ lt 3 3 3_ _ __ 3 3 3 _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ___ 7 26 6 6 I 9 922 22 99 9 2 9C 90 9 9 692 9 9 9 0 3 lt lt lt lt lt lt lt 2 2 2 3 322 23 3 2 2323 32 3 3 2 2 23 3 _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 4 5 HOW TE U OF d w k x suala 8 MicroComputer 10 SOC CI iat ns a T OE ce 12 _ 3 3 2 22 2 3 3 _ _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 _ _ _ lt 3 __ 2 2 2 _ _ _ _ _ 75 2 3 2 2 32 2323 _2 lt 2 lt 3 lt _ ____ ___ _ 2 2 23 3 23 3 3 2 3 lt 33 _ _ __ ___ 16
27. TION FOR HOT AND COLD SURFACES ENGLISH MEASURE COLD SURFACES HOT SURFACES SURFACES HOT SURFACES REFRIG EVAP REFRIG SUCTION REFRIG SUCTION MODEL HEADS amp OUTLET amp DISCHARGE c HEADS amp OUTLET amp DISCHARGE UPPER GEN YIA END BOX amp LINES BOX amp LINES SHELL HEADS SHEETS PUMP TUBULAR INSUL SQ FT PUMP TUBULAR SQ FT SQ FT SQ FT SQ FT DIA INCHILIN FT SQ FT DIA INCH LIN FT 7 174 3 4 416 185 4 3 18 4 6 7 3 19 4 6 7 3 22 4 8 8 8 8 FS 16 2 11 4 4 LIED I JEN 39 55 55 3124 418 67 HH 2 12 4 3 o3 2 13 4 3 12 1 13F 14F3 2 9 2 1 4 414 7 2 10 2 1 14 4 4 110 2 11 2 11 14 4 4 2 7 4 4 4 136 72 3 4 4 6 148 3 21 m 10 3 23 10 _ NO TABLE 6 APPROXIMATE INSULATION FOR HOT AND COLD SURFACES METRIC MEASURE COLD SURFACES HOT SURFACE SURFACES COLD SURFACES HOT SURFACES REFRIG REFRIG EVAP REFRIG SUCTION SUCTION MODEL HEADS amp OUTLET DISCHARGE UPPER MODEL HEADS amp OUTLET amp DISCHARGE UPPER GEN YIA END BOX amp LINES ie LINES SHELL HEADS SHEETS jud TUBULAR INSUL SHEETS PUMP TUBULAR m m DIA CMILIN m DIA m 1A1 1 5 1 5 5 3 4 10 1 2 0 2 i 6 5 4 3 7 5 1 2 10 1 8 17 1 0 4 2A3 5 3 7 10 0 r 575 5 10 1 8 16 6 0 7 2A4 ie 5 4 0 10 0 9 2 9 7 5 5 8 10 1 8 21 0 0 7 2B1 1 8 1
28. The YIA Absorption Chiller offers the rugged industrial grade design of our previous single effect model with a whole new package of user friendly microprocessor controls designed to increase reliability and enhance performance Applications particularly well suited for the YORK YIA Absorption Chiller include the following Cogeneration For cogeneration systems high pres sure steam has many valuable uses while low pressure steam is considerably less useful yet more plentiful In these plants the YIA absorber can provide cooling with low pressure steam or hot water freeing high pressure steam for power generation or other valuable uses LI JACKET WATER er INTERFACE U WASTE HEAT RECOVERY ABSORPTION MACHINE ELECTRIC MACHINE TIME OF DAY PEAK SHAVING COMMERCIAL COOLING Inlet Air Cooling Use a YlA chiller to cool inlet air to a gas turbine or a compressor The lower specific volume associated with cooler air provides more combustion ca pacity by increasing the overall efficiency of the system Waste Heat Recovery Recover waste heat from printing plants incinerators or gas engine jacket water to provide required comfort or process cooling at little operational cost Commercial Cooling Peak Shaving For particularly pronounced peak loads with few operating hours the YIA absorber s lower first cost may provide
29. These bearings made of carbon graphite main tain correct bearing fit at all times and ensure extended trouble free operation They provide greater resistance to wear than ordinary journal bearings STABILIZER VALVE A solenoid actuated valve sends refrigerant water into the solution heat exchanger circuit in order to combat any minor crystallization UNLOADER VALVE A solenoid actuated valve sends lithium bromide solution into the refrigerant circuit allowing the unit to operate at condenser water temperatures as low as 45 F 7 2 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 SOLUTION AND REFIGERANT Each YIA unit is charged with lithium bromide solution with lithium chromate used as a corrosion inhibitor The refrigerant is water Asmall amount of 2 ethyl hexanol is included as a heat and mass transfer enhancer Lithium bromide charge ships to the job site directly from Johnson Controls vendor PURGE SYSTEM The purge system continuously removes non condensible gases from the unit and collects them in the absorber water cooled purge chamber Gases are removed from the chamber through periodic operation of the electric motor driven vacuum pump SIGHT GLASSES YlA units have a total of three sight glasses One glass is located on the left front of the unit and is used for monitor ing the solution level in the absorber section Two glasses are located on the evaporator tube sheet and are used to monitor and trim the r
30. age that this air must later be purged through the thermostatic element of the float trap and tends to entrain air in the condensate return Strainer s A fine mesh strainer with blow off valve should be provided ahead of the steam trap s to protect it from damage Float and Thermostatic Steam Trap s Fig 4 shows a typical condensate steam trap piping arrangement as used on an absorption unit The trap serves the purpose of passing condensate but preventing the loss of steam A float and thermostatic steam trap is recommended for this application It should be applied in accordance with the manufacturer s recommendations The trap should be located as close to the generator condensate outlet as possible in the horizontal plane In the vertical plane the trap should be located below the generator condensate outlet a minimum of 12 inches 0 3 m Preferably the maximum possible elevation between the generator outlet and the trap should be used The condensate outlet line should be sized in accordance with good engineering practice for condensate at the flash point and should be kept as short and simple as possible Stop valves should be provided ahead of the strainer and after the trap for necessary maintenance and a full size bypass provided with globe valve for manual operation during maintenance A full trap outlet line size connec tion and valve should be provided for blow off and test purposes 22 The steam trap should
31. apable of modulating steam flow continuously from 10 to 100 of the maximum design chiller capacity The valve shall be equipped with ANSI flange connec tions Hot Water chillers shall be furnished with a 3 way diverting type valve linkage and the actuator motor This assembly shall be shipped loose for field installation The valve shall feature a cast iron or carbon steel body The 3 way valve assembly shall be capable of modulating hot water flow continuously from 10 to 100 of the maximum design chiller capacity into the chiller The valve shall be equipped with ANSI flange connections The actuator motor shall be 120V 1 Ph 60Hz and shall be powered from the chiller s MicroComputer Control Panel Actuator motor position to be controlled via the MicroCom puter Control Panel through a 4 20 mA control signal UNIT CONTROLS Each unit shall be furnished complete with a factory mounted and pre wired control system Unit controls to be furnished shall include a total of two 2 enclosures a power panel and a microcomputer control panel Power Panel The power panel enclosure shall be NEMA 1 and shall house the following components single point wiring connection for incoming power supply non fused disconnect switch motor starters complete with current and thermal overload protection for solu tion pump s refrigerant pump and purge pump current overloads only and a 115 VAC 50 60 Hz control power transformer MicroCom
32. ater pumps should be located to discharge through the YIA unit to assure positive pressure and flow through the unit Piping should include offsets to provide flexibility and should be arranged to prevent drainage of water from the cooler and condenser when the pumps are shut down Piping should be adequately supported and braced independent of the chiller to avoid imposition of strain on chiller nozzles and components Hangers must allow for alignment of the pipe Isolators in the piping and in the hangers are highly desirable in achieving sound and vibration control Convenience Considerations With a view to facilitat ing the performance of routine maintenance work some or all of the following steps may be taken by the purchaser Evaporator absorber and condenser water boxes are equipped with plugged vent and drain connections If desired vent and drain valves may be installed with or without piping to an open drain Pressure gauges with stop cocks and stop valves may be installed in the inlets and outlets of the tower and chilled water lines as close as possible to the chiller An overhead monorail or beam hoist may be used to facilitate servicing Connections The standard IsoFlow unit is designed for 150 psig 1 0 MPa design working pressure in both the chilled and tower water circuits The connections water nozzles to these circuits are furnished with grooves for Victaulic couplings ANSI flanges are optional Piping should
33. aximum flow of con densate 5 10 F 3 6 C below the saturation temperature of the lowest pressure in the system atmospheric pres sure for an atmospheric return or the lowest pressure a vacuum return system Sufficient coolant must be provided to cool the maximum condensate flow to the desired temperature Coolers may be air or evaporatively cooled providing they can produce the desired leaving condensate temperature The flow of coolant should be automatically controlled to provide the desired leaving condensate temperature Coolant flow could be manually set for maximum load and allowed to operate continu ously at that level with no operating difficulties but the poor economics of such an arrangement make automatic control preferable JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 TABLE 2 YIA CHILLER SHELL AND TUBE VOLUMES YIA SHELL SIDE TUBE SIDE MODEL GEN COND ABS EVAP ABSORBER EVAPORATOR GENERATOR CONDENSER 1A1 175 i 2055 170 121 1 2 5 _ 2A3 2A4 277 251 361 1366 1006 3532 405 1533 1152 3533 456 1726 1298 4B4 508 1923 1444 4C1 587 2222 1516 5C2 646 2445 1701 5C3 719 2722 1899 6C4 810 3066 2136 701 904 3422 2690 702 1004 3800 2992 803 1130 14277 3371 8E1 1264 4785 3756 962 10C3 5988 4705 E JOHNSON CONTROLS 3808 4361 4913 5466 5739 6439 7188 8085 8 Oo NO O _ O 127 JI N a O Qo a a NO a N gt
34. ayed in English on the alphanumeric display Each annunciation details the day time reason for shutdown and the type of restart required Cycling Those controls which automatically reset and permit auto restart of the system e Loss of condenser water flow Low leaving chilled water temperature 2 F 1 170 below setpoint Power failure when automatic restart is selected Safety Those controls which when employed require a manual operation to restart the system Solution pump thermal or current overload Refrigerant pump thermal or current overload Low refrigerant temperature Generator high temperature or pressure Loss of chilled water flow Power failure when automatic restart not used High inlet steam temperature or pressure High inlet hot water temperature High solution concentration Incomplete dilution cycle due to any of the following Power failure Solution refrigerant pump overloads JOHNSON CONTROLS Low refrigerant temperature Loss of chilled water flow Auxiliary safety shutdown terminals for field supplied signals CONTROL MODE SELECTION The Control Center includes secure program and servic ing capabilities There are three keys for the selection of the control center modes ACCESS CODE permits access to the control center PROGRAM button when the proper password is given e Program permits operator to program the setpoints and select desired MODE LOCAL al
35. be arranged for ease of disassembly at the unit for performance of routine maintenance such as tube clean ing A contractor provided crossover pipe is necessary to route the tower water from the absorber up into the condenser All water piping should be thoroughly cleaned of all dirt and debris before final connections are made to the YIA unit Chilled Water The chilled water circuit should be de signed for constant flow A flow switch provided standard with the unit must be installed in the chilled water line of every unit The switch must be located in the horizontal piping close to the unit where the straight horizontal runs on each side of the flow switch are at least five pipe diameters in length The field installed switch must be electrically connected to the chilled water interlock position in the unit control center A water strainer of maximum 1 8 3 18 mm mesh should be field installed in the chilled water inlet line as close as possible to the chiller If located close enough to the chiller the chilled water pump may be protected by the same strainer The JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 flow switch and strainer assure chilled water flow during unit operation The loss or severe reduction of water flow could seriously impair the YIA unit performance or even result in tube freeze up Condenser Water Like the chilled water circuit the tower water circuit requires a means of proving flow The recommended
36. by a mass spectrometer and conducted while the unit is im mersed in an atmosphere of low density helium Water circuits are hydrostatically tested to 1 1 2 times the design working pressure RUPTURE DISKS In order to ensure compliance with ASHRAE Standard 15 2001 every chiller is furnished with a Stainless Steel Rupture Disk installed and leak tested at the factory Rupture disks are rated at 7 2 PIG and are installed on the Generator Condenser shell CODES AND STANDARDS ARI 560 2000 ANSI ASHRAE 15 2001 e ANSI ASHRAE 90 1 2001 NEC National Electrical Code CE Only when specified OSHA Occupational Safety and Health e PRESSURE VESSEL CODES Only when specified applies to the generator tube circuit only ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Pressure Vessel Code e SPESL Pressure Vessel Code PED European Pressure Equipment Directive PAINT Exterior surfaces are protected by a single finish coat of Caribbean blue air drying high solids enamel machinery paint SHIPMENT Protective covering is furnished on the microprocessor controls and other electric devices Water nozzles are Capped prior to shipment JOHNSON CONTROLS Optional Features FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 SPECIAL TUBE MATERIALS AND WALL THICK NESSES YlA units are designed for long life with the standard tube materials and wall thicknesses in each heat exchanger For special applications where different tub
37. e operates only within the safe and practical limits of the lithium bromide absorption cycle 2 J Tube If crystallization were to occur it would begin in the strong solution side of the solution heat ex changer This would force the strong solution to back up into the generator At a certain generator solution level the hot strong solution would over flow into the J tube This tube sends hot solution directly to the absorber im mediately warming the weak solution The heated weak solution would then warm the crystallized solution on the opposite side of the heat exchanger This transfer of heat will cause the crystallized lithium bromide to move back into solution allowing the unit to continue operation 3 Stabilizer Valve If minor crystallization occurs and causes overflow in the J tube the temperature of the J tube will increase because of the hot solution A specially placed sensor detects this change in temperature and the panel sends a signal to open a solenoid on the unit s pat ented Stabilizer Valve When the Stabilizer Valve is open refrigerant water is injected into the strong solution im mediately before the heat exchanger The water serves to dilute the strong solution allowing the crystallized lithium bromide to become soluble at a lower concentration 4 Steam Supply Pressure Temperature Limit The Control Center actually monitors the inlet steam or hot water temperature and steam press
38. e shall include start up service and parts and labor warranty for a period of one year from start up or eighteen months from delivery whichever occurs first CONSTRUCTION The chiller shall consist of a generator solution heat exchanger absorber condenser and an evaporator The unit construction shall minimize the opportunity for internal leaks between the generator and evaporator sections through the use of a two shell design with the upper shell housing the higher pressure generator and condenser and the lower shell housing the low pressure absorber and evaporator To minimize the risk of corrosion the evapora tor and condenser pans shall be stainless steel The evaporator absorber and the generator condenser shall be of shell and tube construction The steam genera tor section shall have a tube side DWP of 150 psig 1 0 mPa limited by the ASME code to 15 psig 103 kPa maximum working pressure hot water generator shall be designed for 300 psig 2 0 mPa DWP tube side and tested to 450 psig 3 0 mPa A shell side bursting disk set to burst at 7 psig 2 psig 48 kPaG 14 kPaG shall be furnished with all units JOHNSON CONTROLS TUBE MATERIALS Generator tubes shall be 3 4 19 1 mm 0 035 0 89 mm wall 90 10 copper nickel and allow for the removal of the tubes from either end of the machine Evaporator and absorber tubes shall be 3 4 19 1 0 028 0 71 mm wall copper Condenser tubes shall be copper and
39. e sized for maximum steam flow and vented in accordance with local codes A relief valve is not required if there is a properly sized relief valve elsewhere the system which will keep the system below 15 psig 103 Steam Control Valve Johnson Controls Supplied The steam control valve as found in the ship loose items should be installed as shown in Fig 4 This valve should be connected to the appropriate wir ing harness and is used to control the amount of steam that enters the unit It will modulate from 10 to 100 depending on the leaving chilled water temperature The minimum value 10 is set in the field This is explained in detail in the installation manual Steam Inlet Pressure Indicator If Desired A pres sure gauge can be installed to allow the operator to deter mine the inlet steam pressure to the unit The inlet steam pressure is indicated by the micropanel but an additional pressure gauge may be desired Drain Solenoid Valve Johnson Controls Supplied Factory supplied device used to insure zero steam flow through the unit during shut down This valve should be installed in a horizontal run of pipe within 2 feet 0 6 m of the chiller condensate outlet This valve is not supplies when a fail close steam control valve is used This valve is needed in addition to the Automatic Shut Off Valve Vacuum Breaker If Desired A vacuum breaker will often not be necessary but they can prevent c
40. e specifica tions are required Johnson Controls offers copper tub ing with 035 0 89 mm thicknesses Also 90 10 and 95 5 copper nickel tubes are available for the absorber evaporator and condenser in both the standard and the above listed optional tube wall thickness WATER FLANGES 150 Ib 1 0 MPa ANSI raised faced flanges for the evapo rator and or absorber condenser water connection as well as the generator connection are factory welded to water nozzles Companion flanges bolts nuts and gaskets are not included TOWER WATER FLOW SWITCH This is a paddle type vapor proof water flow switch suit able for 150 psig DWP 1 0 MPa 300 DWP 2 1 MPa available for the absorber condenser water circuit chilled water flow switch is standard REMOTE RESET CONTROLS Two optional boards allow for continuous reset of either leaving chilled water temperature or remote steam hot water limit using a 4 to 20mA 0 to 10 VDC or contact closure as opposed to the standard 1 to 11 second PWM signal These signals may be wired directly to the panel terminal block on the card file without any external interfacing KNOCK DOWN SHIPMENT The chiller can be shipped knocked down into two major sub assemblies generator and main shell as required to rig into tight spaces This is particularly convenient for existing buildings where equipment room access does not allow rigging a factory packaged chiller Shipment in the knock down configurat
41. efrigerant level CAPACITY CONTROL An electronically actuated control valve modulates chiller capacity from 100 to 10 of design Valve selection is based upon pressure drop and steam hot water flow requirements Steam The valve is a cage type for low steam mass flow with a cast iron body or butterfly type high steam mass flow with a carbon steel body Cage valves are supplied with 125 psig ANSI raised face flanges But terfly valves are wafer type valves and are supplied with 150 psig ANSI raised face flanges Hot Water The valve is a 3 way diverting type Valves are available in 125 psig 250 psig and 300 psig ratings All valves are supplied with ANSI raised face flanges POWER PANEL The power panel enclosure includes the following single point wiring connection for the incoming power supply non fused disconnect switch motor starters complete with current and thermal overload protection for the solution pump refrigerant pump and purge pump cur rent overloads only 115VAC 50 60 Hz control power transformer CONTROL CENTER The microprocessor control center is factory mounted wired and tested The electronic panel automatically JOHNSON CONTROLS controls the operation of the unit in meeting system cool ing requirements while minimizing energy usage Chiller operating parameters are sensed by either thermistors or transducers and displayed on the keypad display The operating program is stored in no
42. ell To eliminate sweating on the evaporator shell and refrigerant piping the refrigerant insulation option must be applied 9 Purge System YORK s efficient purge system ex pels non condensable gases from the unit s external purge chamber without the risk of spilling lithium bromide 10 Evaporator Spray Nozzles Evaporator spray nozzles are made of corrosion resistant brass to ensure long life 11 Absorber Spray Nozzles Absorber spray nozzles are fabricated from stainless steel or brass providing trouble free operation in a particularly demanding envi ronment 12 Single Power Connection A single point power connection is all that is required for the YIA Absorption Chiller providing further reliability and ease of installa tion 13 45 F 7 2 C Condenser Water TheYIA chiller is capable of operating with entering condenser water temperatures as low as 45 F 7 2 C Without proper compensation lower tower water temperatures cause low refrigerant level potential for crystallization and low refrigerant temperature The combination of three control systems described below allow the YIA to maintain a Reliability Features continued stable balance of solution and refrigerant parameters as entering tower water temperature varies e Atlow refrigerant levels the Unloader Control Valve opens to inject lithium bromide into the refrigerant line This maintains refrigerant level preventing pump cavitati
43. h the evaporator and the absorber use 3 4 O D 19 1 mm 0 028 0 71 mm wall copper tubing The evaporator tubes are externally enhanced while the ab sorber tubes are prime surface The evaporator shell is double walled enhancing unit reliability and eliminating the need for insulation Spray nozzles in the absorber are either stainless steel models 1A1 through GC4 or brass models 701 through 14F3 while those in the evapora tor are made of brass The evaporator and absorber are separated by finned eliminator baffles designed to allow only water in the vapor state to pass to the absorber The upper shell contains the high pressure section of the machine which includes the generator and the condenser The generator uses 3 4 O D 19 1 mm 0 035 0 89 mm wall 90 10 cupro nickel tubes with external enhance ments The condenser tubes are 3 4 19 1 mm 1 25 4 mm O D 028 0 71 mm wall prime surface copper tubing The condenser and generator are separated by a finned eliminator which prevents liquid carryover into the condenser 12 Water boxes are fabricated of carbon steel The design working pressure is 150 PSIG 1 0 MPa tested at 225 psig 1 5 MPa Integral steel water baffles are located and welded within the water box to provide the required pass arrangements Stub out water nozzle connections with Victaulic grooves are welded to the water boxes these nozzles are suitable for Victaulic coupling welding
44. ion is standard on units YIA 12F 1 through YIA 14F3 REFRIGERANT SIDE INSULATION Factory applied anti sweat insulation of flexible closed cell plastic type can be applied with vapor proof cement to JOHNSON CONTROLS the refrigerant outlet box as well as the refrigerant pump suction and discharge lines and portions of the evaporator shell that are subject to sweating ISOLATION PADS Four 4 pads of 3 8 9 mm thick Neoprene isolation material cemented between 3 8 9 mm thick steel base plate and a 16 gauge steel cover sheet The size is the same as the unit mounting feet with the same mounting holes and an approximate compressed height of 3 4 19 mm HIGH PRESSURE WATER CIRCUITS For applications with working pressures which exceed 150 psig 1 0 MPa high pressure water boxes with flanges are available These compact water boxes are rated for 300 psig DWP 2 1 MPa and tested at 450 psig 3 1 MPa MARINE WATER BOXES Marine water boxes allow service access for cleaning of the heat exchanger tubes without the need to break the water piping Bolted on covers are arranged for conve nient access Victaulic nozzle connections are standard flanges are optional Marine water boxes are available for the evaporator or absorber condenser circuits Marine water boxes are only available for circuits with 150 psig 1 0 MPa working pressures INDUSTRIAL GRADE PAINT A factory applied coating of industrial strength Amerl
45. ity access code is provided for operator to program setpoints or to choose local remote or service modes of operation Manual operation of the steam valve and all pumps is provided through separate buttons in the service mode of operation Data Logging All operating and setpoint information can be transmitted to a remote printer by others through the RS 232 port in the control center to obtain data logs This can be accomplished at any time by pressing the Print button on the control center or automatically at predetermined intervals by programming the panel s data logger The printer will automatically record time and cause of any safety of cycling shutdown along with all chiller operating data monitored by the panel just prior to shutdown A History Print button also allows the printout of the last four causes of cycling or safety shutdowns plus operating data for each shutdown BAS Interface The Control Center is compatible with remote Building Automation Systems BAS The stan dard design allows remote start and stop leaving chilled water temperature reset and steam demand limit through PWM signal and ready to start unit running safety and cycling shutdown status contacts For designed in features and reliablility Johnson Controls provides a full line of BAS controls 14 FACTORY TESTING Each YIA unit is subjected to a series of rigorous leak tests culminating in a vacuum leak test measured
46. lows manual unit start and purging REMOTE allows remote start and stop of the unit remote reset of the chilled water tempera ture and steam limit while still allowing manual purging at the chiller SERVICE allows manual operation of the con trol valve including LOAD UNLOAD HOLD and AUTO keys Manual operation of all pumps is also included ENERGY MANAGEMENT INTERFACE By connecting with the YORK Integrated Systems Network the Control Center can communicate all data accessible from the keypad including all temperatures pressures alarms and operating data to a remote DDC processor through a single shielded cable In remote mode the DDC processor may issue all operating commands available at the keypad to the control center through the same shielded cable With a YORK MicroGateway other BAS systems can receive this same information The Control Center also provides direct hard wire inter face capability with other building automation systems Remote chilled water temperature reset and or remote steam hot water input limit interface via a 1 11 second PWM standard signal 4 20mA 0 10 VDC or contact closure optional Remote unit start stop and or remote status including unit ready to start unit operating unit safety shutdown and unit cycling shutdown interface via relay contacts 11 Mechanical Specifications The mechanical features listed here apply to chillers sold in North America So
47. me of the features may differ on chill ers delivered to other regions Among those differences are the method of chiller shipment prparation and the types of piping interface The YORK YIA Absorption Liquid Chiller is completely factory packaged including upper and lower shell as semblies solution heat exchanger hermetic solution and refrigerant pumps microprocessor controls and all interconnecting piping and wiring Models YIA 1A1 through YIA 10E3 are shipped as a one piece assembly charged with nitrogen Models YIA 12F 1 through YIA 14F3 are shipped as two pieces upper and lower shells each charged with nitrogen for field reassem bly The purge pump chilled water flow switch modulating control valve and the lithium bromide charge are shipped loose for field installation or charging SHELL ASSEMBLIES The shell assemblies consist of a generator condenser evaporator and absorber housed in upper and lower shells The shells are constructed of rolled carbon steel plate with fusion welded seams Carbon steel tube sheets drilled and reamed to accommodate the tubes are welded to the end of the shells Intermediate tube supports are fabricated of carbon steel plates Each tube is roller expanded into the tube sheet to provide a leak tight seal and each tube is individually replaceable from either end of the unit The lower shell houses the low pressure section of the machine which includes the evaporator and the absorber Bot
48. method of proving flow is a tower water flow switch not in standard supply scope but available from Johnson Controls installed in the tower water piping in the same manner as the chilled water flow switch The YIA chiller is engineered for maximum efficiency at both design and part load operation by taking advantage of the colder cooling tower water temperatures which naturally occur in the winter months For standard air con ditioning applications YIA absorbers can tolerate entering tower water temperatures as low as 45 F 7 C without a cooling tower bypass The YIA unit by a system of in ternal controls which regulate the solution concentration can operate continuously and automatically with entering cooling water temperature as low as 45 F 7 In order to safely accept such low cooling water temperatures the YIA machine actually measures solution concentration leaving the generator If the solution concentration is too high the Control Center will begin to close the steam valve until the concentration reaches an acceptable level Thus the full load capacity of the machine may decrease as the temperature of the cooling water falls In normal air conditioning applications this is not significant because chilling load generally decreases with lower wet bulb temperature For process applications which have strict requirements for leaving chilled water temperatures a three way cooling tower bypass valve is recommended The bypa
49. mited by velocity considerations Under variable chilled water and tower water flow condi tions special attention needs to be paid to the rate of change of flow rate with time and the minimum maximum velocities through the tubes Applications involving chilled and condenser water flow rates which vary by more than 10 from design will require special consideration Contact your Johnson Controls representative Temperature Ranges For normal chilling duty leav ing chilled water temperatures may be selected as low as 40 F 4 4 Water Quality The practical and economical applica tion of liquid chillers requires that the quality of the water supply for the evaporator and the absorber condenser be analyzed by a water treatment specialist Water quality may effect the performance of any chiller through corro sion deposits of heat resistant scale sedimentation or organic growth These will hurt chiller performance and increase operation and maintenance costs Normally performance may be maintained by corrective water treat ment and periodic cleaning of tubes If water conditions exist which cannot be corrected by proper water treatment it may be necessary to provide a larger allowance foul ing and or specify special materials of construction 16 General Water Piping All chilled water and tower water piping should be designed and installed in ac cordance with accepted piping practice Chilled water and tower w
50. mp Switch Elem Fuse Total KW odel Ph Hz Customer Customer Ampacity 9E 5 1 Table 14 is appropriate for both Steam and Hot Water Units 2 Purge pump ratings are for the Welch model 1402 3 Disconnect size in accordance with NEC A Johnson Controls supplied 100 amp non fused unit disconnect switch is in the power panel 40 JOHNSON CONTROLS Guide Specifications FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 GENERAL Provide Single Stage Steam or Hot Water Absorption Chiller s capable of producing chilled water per the ca pacities shown on drawings and schedules Chiller shall be capable of starting and operating at entering condenser water temperatures as low as 45 F 7 2 Each chiller shall be of hermetic design and factory helium leak tested For YIA 1A1 to YIA 10E3 Chiller shall ship as a one piece assembly in a vacuum For YIA 12F 1 to YIA 14F3 Chiller shall ship as two pieces upper and lower shells for field assembly Each shell shall be shipped charged with nitrogen Purge pump chilled water flow switch and modulating control valve shall be shipped loose for field installation All unit mounted controls and control panels shall be fac tory mounted wired tested and shipped pre installed as integral components of the chiller Unless supplied with a double walled evaporator chiller shall include 3 4 19 1 mm neoprene insulation of the entire shell Purchase pric
51. n volatile memory EPROM to eliminate chiller failure due to AC power fail ure battery discharge In addition programmed setpoints are retained in lithium battery backed RTC memory fora minimum of 5 years All pressures are taken as absolute to alleviate typical gauge pressure inaccuracies Temperatures and pres sures can be displayed in English F PSIA or metric C kPa units depending on the application Display of all information shown in the English language on a 40 char acter alphanumeric display Available operating information includes return leaving chilled water temperatures return leaving tower water temperatures entering steam or hot water temperature entering steam pressure generator pressure and tem perature refrigerant temperature solution temperature and concentration operating hours valve position and number of starts and purges Warning Conditions The Control Center limits heat input and provides a warning annunciation under the following conditions low refrigerant temperature high generator pressure high entering condenser water tem perature purge pump current overload faulty solution dilution temperature sensor and high steam tempera ture or pressure or high hot water temperature Special instrumentation measures the solution concentration and limits heat input as necessary to keep the unit from the crystallization region Safety Controls The Control Center includes unique safety logic de
52. nual operation during maintenance Two pressure reducing valves one large and one small piped in parallel may be desirable for those applications with continued operation at low loads or where highly vari able upstream pressures exist The smaller valve would be set at a slightly higher pressure than the large valve so it will stay open at low flow rates while the large valve closes thus protecting the seat of the larger valve The use of two steps of steam pressure reduction may be desirable on applications with pressure differentials in excess of 100 psi 690 kPa The noise generated in a single step of reduction may be objectionable JOHNSON CONTROLS Automatic Shut Off Valve This valve should shut off 100 of the steam flow during a cycling safety shutdown or a power failure The Johnson Controls supplied steam control valve will remain in whatever position it happened to be in at the time of a power failure Avalve that will com pletely shut off steam flow to the unit during such a failure is required This steam valve should be bubble tight Pressure Relief Valve A 15 psig 103 kPaG pres sure relief valve should be installed to protect the steam generator vessel The vessel must be protected from pressures above 15 psig 103 To prevent nuisance blowing of the relief valve it should be set 2 or 3 psi 14 to 21 kPa above the generator operating pressure and within code requirements The relief valve should b
53. ock 400 epoxy primer and Amershield finish is applied to ex terior chiller surfaces for harsh environments WATERTIGHT ENCLOSURES AND WIRING Chiller micropanel and power panel are enclosed in NEMA 4 rated enclosures for industrial applications This option includes waterproofing of control and power connection wiring 15 Application Data The following discussion is a guide for the application and installation of YIA Single Effect Absorption Chillers to ensure reliable trouble free life for which this equipment was designed LOCATION units make very little noise or vibration and may gen erally be located at any level in a building where the con struction will support the total system operating weight The system location should provide sufficient space at either end of the unit to permit tube or spray header removal if required If a door or other large opening is conveniently located opposite one end of the system the tubes or spray headers may be extracted and replaced through these openings Allow sufficient clearance on the remaining sides of the unit for necessary access and maintenance Absorption chillers are not suitable for outdoor installation The machine room must be enclosed well lighted and properly ventilated to keep its temperature no higher than 104 F 40 C and no lower than 35 F 1 7 WATER CIRCUITS Flow Rate For normal water chilling duty chilled and tower water flows are li
54. on and keeps flow available to dilute the con centrated solution The Steam Valve Override Control System adjusts the steam input regulating the concentration of the Available Capacity at Varying Tower Water Temperature Percent Cooling Tons 4 5 7 2 10 12 7 15 5 19 3 21 1 23 8 Condenser Water to Absorber deg lithium bromide leaving the generator to a safe level for the operating temperature of the machine The Stabilizer Valve will open to dilute the absorber concentration if the refrigerant temperature drops below a preset level The result is a system that maintains proper balance of machine loading and solution and refrigerant character istics to allow continuous operation with tower water Available Capacity at Varying Tower Water Temperature Percent Cooling Tons 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 15 80 Condenser Water to Absorber deg F FIG 1 SINGLE STAGE ABSORPTION CHILLER RELIABILITY FEATURES JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 14 ADVAGuard 750 Corrosion Inhibitor 1 an environmentally friendly inorganic corrosion inhibitor that provides superior corrosion protection Corrosion inhibi tors promote the formation of an oxide film on the surfaces of the chiller that are in contact with LiBr solution ADVA Guard 750 Corrosion Inhibitor creates a highly stable magnetite layer resulting in lower hydrogen generation JOHNSON CONTROLS and only an eighth of the corrosion as com
55. on start up If the design were based on a 4 psi 28 kPa steam valve pressure drop the increase in start up demand would be around 35 above normal Likewise a 2 psi 14 kPa design pressure drop would give a start up steam demand about 75 above normal Enthalpy Btu Ibm Latent heat 879 50 Vapor 871 30 862 85 19 Application Data continued Piping Installation All steam field piping should be installed in accordance with local state and federal codes Piping should be ad equately supported and braced independent of the chiller The support system must account for the expansion and contraction of the steam piping avoiding the imposition of strain on chiller components Ageneral steam piping diagram is laid out in Fig 4 below The steam supply may be either low pressure steam or high pressure steam reduced to low pressure steam Steam piping should be designed in accordance with good engineering practice Both steam supply and condensate pipes must be properly sized and pitched to prevent liquid hammering Steam supply mains should be sized in accordance with the required steam flow and acceptable pressure drop Wherever possible the steam supply line to the absorption unit should be taken off the main steam supply line from the top or side to minimize the possibility of condensate carry over Additional consideration should be given to steam flow velocity especially in those applications where noise is a facto
56. ondensate build up in the generator section of the chiller at part load A discussion of the chillers operation and the function of the vacuum breaker follows 21 Application Data continued If an atmospheric return system is used the generator will not operate in the vacuum region but will operate at atmo spheric pressure at the low load conditions Throttling of the steam valve at low load results in steam condensate back up into the generator tubes As the load increases the steam valve will open and the rising steam pressure will force the condensate out of the generator The ac cumulation of condensate in the generator at reduced loads and subsequent drainage will have no adverse effect on absorption unit efficiency However the cyclical drainage of condensate from the unit will require that the main system condensate receiver be sized with sufficient additional capacity to accommodate this fluctuation as sumed to be equal to the absorption unit generator volume as a maximum see Table 2 on page 22 To avoid fluctuation in condensate return or water hammer in the generator tubes a vacuum breaker swing check valve can be added as shown in Fig 5 on page 24 A 3 8 inch size is sufficient to prevent condensate build up For safety a pipe should be installed from the check valve to a location close to the floor or other safe place The use of the check valve to permit air entrance into the genera tor tubes has the disadvant
57. onnecting hose shall be field installed by installing contractor at the job site PURGING SYSTEM Absorber shall be equipped with a purging system to remove non conensible vapors from the unit during op eration Non condensibles shall be drawn from a purge header located in the absorber and removed through the operation of an electric vacuum pump The purge pump shall be of an oil rotary single stage de sign and shall be furnished complete with 0 68 kW 3 Phase ODP motor and all required accessories The purge pump shall be shipped mounted on the chiller and connecting hose shall be field installed by installing contractor at the job site LITHIUM BROMIDE AND REFRIGERANT CHARGE Lithium bromide shall contain ADVAGuard 750 corrosion inhibitor additive to minimize the rate of copper and ferrous metal corrosion on both the solution and refrigerant sides of the unit Deionized water shall be supplied for the refriger ant charge Solution and refrigerant to ship separate from the chiller for charging at the job site STEAM HOT WATER VALVE Steam Fired chillers shall be furnished with a steam control valve linkage and the actuator motor This assembly shall be shipped loose for field installation The steam valve shall be cage or butterfly style 1 The cage valve should have a cast iron or carbon steel body 42 2 The butterfly valve should have a stainless steel body The steam control valve assembly shall be c
58. oved by the cooling water The now dilute lithium bromide solution collects in the bottom of the lower shell where it flows down to the solution pump The chilling cycle is now completed and the process begins once again ABSORBER COOLING WATER Talla CI LI MicroComputer Control Center Millennium Absorption Chiller 3 CONTROL CENTER The YORK MicroComputer Control Center is designed for the very best in chiller protection and overall system efficiency As standard equipment on all YIA chillers the Control Center is a major development in absorption chiller technology providing the most precise and reliable control available in the industry INFORMATION DISPLAY Vital chiller operating information can be shown on the 40 character alphanumeric display All information is in the Eng lish language with numeric data provided in English or metric units German language control panel is also available Information provided standard on all units includes Chilled water temperatures entering and leaving Tower water temperatures entering and leaving Generator pressure and temperature Refrigerant temperature Solution temperature Operating hours Number of starts Number of purge cycles last 7 days and lifetime to tal
59. pared with other traditional inhibitors 15 Pump Isolation Valve Refrigerant and Solution Pump suction and discharge connections equipped with factory installed isolation valves permit quick and easy servicing of pumps How It Works ELIMINATOR COOLING 4144440 55 22 t t t ti a RT R BERT TI 522 STEAM HW CONTROL VALVE ELIMINATOR 7 BAFFLES 4 SENSOR CHILLED WATER Imm n 4444 5644 4444 alesse 0 d vun 0n zz O Y Dii COOLING WATER UNLOADER CONTROL VALVE CONTROL VALVE SOLUTION PUMP HEAT EXCHANGER EDUCTOR 1 REFRIGERANT PUMP REFRIGERANT DILUTE LIQUID SOLUTION STRONG INNIN CHILLED SOLUTION WATER INTERMEDIATE COOLING SOLUTION WATER FIG 2 STANDARD STEAM HOT WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM 8 JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 The single effect absorption cycle uses water as the re frigerant and lithium bromide as the absorbent It is the strong affinity that these two substances have for one another that makes the cycle work The entire process occurs in almost a complete vacuum 1 Solution Pump Adilute lithium bromide solution is collected in the bottom of the absorber shell From
60. pplication Data continued 3 8 VACUUM BREAKER SWING CHECK VALVE IF DESIRED PIPE TO FLOOR FOR SAFETY TYPE STEAM TRAP S 0 yr 12 MIN QT ATMOSPHERIC VENT FLOAT GENERATOR CONTROL CONDENSATE OUTLET i MAIN CONDENSATE RECEIVER VACUUM lt N MAIN CONDENSATE OR BOILER FEED PUMP FIG 6 SYSTEM 2 VACUUM CONDENSATE RETURN SYSTEM FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC TYPE STEAM TRAP S FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC TOP VALVE CONDENSATE COOLER COOLANT AUXILIARY CONDENSATE RECEIVER ATMOSPHERIC LOCATED BELOW GENERATOR CONDENSATE OUTLET VACUUM RETURN SYSTEM STOP VALVE THERMOSTATIC TRAP AIR COOLANT SZ Q 00 CHECK 74 VALVE P gt 12 MIN A C CONDENSATE 5 FLASH STEAM AND AIR CONDENSATE CONDENSATE AND AIR GENERATOR COOLER CONDENSATE OUTLET FIG 7 SYSTEM 3 VACUUM CONDENSATE RETURN SYSTEM 26 TO VACUUM CONDENSATE PUMP JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 contracts as it cools This may form a vacuum This can be prevented by installing a check valve in the return hot wa ter piping with a 3 4 19 1 mm bypass around the check valve It would be piped between the generator outlet and the hot water bypass Refer to the Figure 8 below INSULATION No appreciable operation economy can be gained from the insulation of YORK YIA chillers However insulation AUTOMATIC SHUT OFF VALVE TO CHILLED
61. puter Control Center The control panel enclosure shall be NEMA 1 and be equipped with hinged access door with lock and key All temperature sensors pressure transducers and other control devices neces sary to sense unit operating parameters to be factory mounted and wired to panel The control center panel shall include a 40 character alphanumeric display show ing all system parameters in the English language with numeric data in English or Metric units F PSIA or C kPa respectively The operating program shall be stored in non volatile memory EPROM to eliminate chiller failure due to AC power failure battery discharge In addition programmed setpoints shall be retained in lithium battery backed RTC JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 memory for a minimum of 5 years 115V control voltage will be supplied through a 1 KVA power transformer located in the power panel and will be factory wired to the microcomputer control panel Terminal blocks will be provided for all external safety and control interlocks System Operating Information During normal opera tion the following operating parameters shall be accessible via the microcomputer control panel Return and leaving chilled water temperatures e Return and leaving condenser water temperatures Inlet steam pressure Refrigerant temperature e Solution temperature e Solution concentration e Indication of refrigerant solution purge pump ope
62. r Generally speaking steam velocities up to 6 000 fom 30 m s will not produce an objectionable noise level The factory supplied steam control valve must be installed 4 to10 feet 1 2 m to 3 0 m from the generator steam inlet flange in order to minimize the pressure drop from the valve exit to the generator inlet STRAINER FLOAT AND THERMOSTATIC STEAM TRAPS POWER PANEL STOP VALVE 1 CHECK VALVE CONDENSATE RETURN STOP VALVES CONDENSATE COOLER S DRAIN SOLENOID VALVE CONTROLS FIG 4 TYPICAL STEAM PIPING 20 SUPPLIED BY JOHNSON Component Details Component details described in the following section are shown in Fig 4 Typical Steam Piping Manual Block Valve This valve is installed to allow manual shut off of the steam supply to the unit Desuperheater A desuperheater must be used when the steam supply has a temperature in excess of 337 F 169 C When encountered this condition is generally associated with the high pressure steam supply or steam that has been reduced to 16 psig 110 kPaG for use in the absorber The steam supply to the control valve must be cooled to or below 337 F 169 C total temperature by means of some type of desuperheater The flow of coolant to the desuperheater should be automatically con trolled to maintain a constant steam supply temperature to the absorption unit within the limits specified Suitable a
63. ra tion Operating hours Number of starts Number of Purge Cycles last 7 days and total cumu lative Inlet steam or hot water temperature e Steam or hot water valve actuator potentiometer posi tion in Generator shell pressure e Automatic decrystallization or hot water tempera ture Capacity Control The control panel shall automati cally control the input steam or hot water flow rate to maintain the programmed leaving chilled water setpoint for cooling loads ranging from 10 to 100 of design The input steam or hot water flow rate shall also be manually adjustable from the microcomputer control panel to any setting between minimum and maximum when automatic operation 15 not desired and when steam or hot water input is not being inhibited by a specific operating condition Safety Shutdowns Panel shall be pre programmed to shut the unit down and close safety shutdown contacts under any of the following conditions Refrigerant or solution pump thermal or current over load Low refrigerant temperature Generator high pressure Loss of chilled water flow Power failure when Automatic Restart after Power Failure option is not utilized High inlet steam or hot water temperature e High inlet steam pressure JOHNSON CONTROLS Incomplete dilution cycle operation due to one of the following conditions Power failure Solution refrigerant pump overloads Low
64. re Any additional heat removed will subcool the liquid The same energy is needed to vaporize steam from a saturated liquid to saturated vapor Any additional heat added will only su perheat the steam Steam Quality Steam quality is simply a mass percentage of saturated vapor to the total mass that is contained in a saturated steam sample This percentage of vapor is referred to as the steam quality X A quality of 0 80 means that 80 of the saturated steam is in the vapor phase while 20 is in the liquid phase The term dry steam that is often seen is equivalent to saturated steam with a quality of 1 0 100 vapor It is important to note that as the quality decreas es the heat content of the steam also decreases Table 1 below lists two enthalpy values saturated liquid enthalpy and the saturated vapor enthalpy As discussed above steam with a quality less than one 1 will have a certain percentage of liquid and vapor present in the steam The saturated vapor enthalpy assumes dry steam quality X 1 The saturated liquid enthalpy assumes pure water quality X 0 The enthalpy of saturated water is much less than saturated steam It follows that as the quality decreases the enthalpy decreases from the saturated vapor value to the saturated liquid value Since enthalpy is an indication of the heat in the steam available heat is reduced if liquid water is contained in the steam TABLE 1 ENTHALPY VALUES m en 3 Presetie
65. refrigerant temperature Loss of chilled water flow External auxiliary safety shutdown High solution concentration All safety shutdowns will require the unit to be manually restarted Whenever a safety shutdown occurs the microcom puter control panel shall record the following information and store it in memory or communicate it to a remote printer Day and time of shutdown Reason for shutdown e of restart required automatic restart is d i s played manual restart is implied All system operating information displayed just prior to shutdown Warning Conditions microcomputer control panel shall close warning contacts and generate a unique warn ing message whenever one of the following operating conditions is detected Low refrigerant temperature High generator pressure High inlet hot water temperature High inlet steam pressure High entering condenser water temperature Purge pump current overload Faulty strong solution dilution temperature sensor Cycling Shutdowns Control panel shall be pre pro grammed to shut unit down whenever one of the following conditions is detected Loss of condenser water flow Low leaving chilled water temperature 2 F below setpoint Power failure when Automatic Restart after Power Failure option is selected Data Logging The microcomputer control panel shall contain an RS 232 port to enable the transmission of all operating
66. sed in this system The main condensate tank will no longer be vented to atmospheric pressure A float control is still used in the auxiliary condensate receiver however it controls a valve instead of a pump The low pressure in the main tank will draw the condensate through when the valve is opened For system 2 a condensate cooler must be provided in the line between the steam trap and the auxiliary receiver as detailed under condensate cooler in the component details section It must be sized to cool the maximum flow to a temperature 5 10 F 3 6 C below the saturation point of the vacuum return system System 3 When the low pressure steam for a YIA unit comes at or below atmospheric pressure i e steam turbine exhaust the entire system can run at a higher efficiency by using a vacuum pump on the condensate return system At low load when the absorption system is operating in the vacuum region this vacuum can only be obtained if the condensate return system similarly operates in a vacuum With a vacuum condensate re turn system the steam supply can be at vacuum steam pressure rather than at a minimum steam pressure of pounds gauge as it is limited by systems 1 and 2 Discharging at a steam pressure in the vacuum region can improve a steam turbine s economy and efficiency In this system a vacuum breaker can not be used A condensate cooler must be provided in the line between the steam trap and the auxiliar
67. signed to protect the YIA chiller from dam aging malfunctions Complete safety annunciation is displayed for each shut down by pressing the status key This information includes day time reason for shutdown and type of restart required These include solution or re frigerant pump thermal or current overload low refrigerant temperature generator high pressure or temperature loss of chilled water flow power failure high steam supply pres sure or temperature high hot water supply temperature auxiliary safety shutdown high solution concentration incomplete dilution cycle and power failure if manual restart after power failure is selected Operating Controls Background messages are displayed while the unit is running to signal operator of controlling conditions such as steam limit in effect leaving chilled water temperature control and non critical sensor 13 Mechanical Specifications continued error System cycling messages are displayed in regard to day time cause of cycling shutdown and auto start indication These include loss of condenser water flow low leaving chilled water temperature and power failure when auto start is selected Digital programming of operating setpoints from the key pad include leaving chilled water temperature pull down demand steam hot water limiting remote reset tempera ture range daily start stop scheduling of chiller and water pumps with separate holiday schedule Secur
68. ss valve should maintain entering cooling water temperature at 2 5 1 4 C of the design temperature At the initial start up entering tower water temperature may be as low as 45 F 7 CONTROL VALVES An automatic control valve is furnished with the unit by Johnson Controls for field mounting and wiring The valve will be electrically actuated and will automatically close on unit shutdown Cage steam valves are of a fail close design and will close on a loss of power Butterfly steam valves are not of a fail close design and will not close on a loss of power The valve should be located a distance of 4 to 10 feet 1 2 m to 3 0 m from the absorption unit generator inlet flange JOHNSON CONTROLS Automatic control valves are sized according to job specific full load steam or hot water parameters For applications with low steam mass flows the cage valve provides the best control However at higher mass flow the cage valve pressure drops are prohibitively high Thus a butterfly valve is used Hot water valves are three way diverting valves which bypass hot water that is not needed to maintain capacity SOUND AND VIBRATION CONSIDERATIONS Since the YlA unit generates very little vibration vibration eliminating mounts are not required However when the machine is installed where even mild noise is a problem pads can be used The use of anchoring bolts on the machine legs is not normally necessary STEAM AND CONDENSATE
69. to be superheated and the energy supplied to superheat the vapor is commonly referred to as superheat 17 Application Data continued Before a vapor can be superheated the vapor must be removed from contact with the vaporizing liquid Also before a superheated vapor can be condensed it must first be cooled to the saturation temperature correspond ing to its pressure Subcooled Liquid If after condensation the resulting liquid is cooled constant pressure so that its temperature is reduced below the saturation temperature the liquid is said to be subcooled The Effect of Pressure on Saturation Temperature The saturation temperature of a fluid depends on the pressure of the fluid Increasing the pressure raises the saturation temperature while reducing the pressure low ers the saturation temperature Condensation Condensation of a vapor may be accomplished in several ways 1 By extracting heat from the vapor 2 By increasing the pressure of the vapor 3 By some combination of these two methods A good example of extracting heat from a vapor is in the generator section of the absorption chiller Steam is fed to the generator through a steam modulating valve Refer to steam valve operation for further details As the steam flows through the generator tube bundle heat is given up to the colder lithium bromide water solution located on the outside of the tubes This causes the solution to heat up and the steam
70. to condense Steam Supply Dry steam no water droplets or slightly superheated steam should be supplied to the unit to maximize the heat content in the steam The steam temperature and pressure must not exceed the maximum allowable as this may cause damage to system components The maximum steam temperature includes any super heat Minimal superheat can be desirable to prevent condensation in supply lines but excess superheat must be avoided Superheated steam must be cooled to satu ration temperature before useful heat transfer can occur in the absorption chiller generator Steam supplied to an absorber should be kept close to dry saturated steam so valuable generator heat transfer area is not used for desuperheating steam 18 Steam Purity Boiler water treatment is an essential part of any mainte nance program Ifthe water is not properly treated certain chemicals may exceed tolerable limits and damage the generator control devices and adjoining piping It is the customer s responsibility to test the condensate to make sure it is within certain limits These limits are listed in the service manual I the steam carries entrained air or other gases this will have a tendency to reduce the steam temperature Air will also reduce the heat transfer properties of a unit because it migrates to heat transfer surfaces causing an insulating effect Carbon dioxide in steam is probably the most destructive form of contaminant
71. trols office 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 4 gt 1 I1 1 22 1 1711 XII 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 PERCENT DESIGN LOAD N N PERCENT DESIGN ENERGY INPUT FIG 9 TYPICAL PART LOAD ENERGY CONSUMPTION STANDARD UNIT 30 CONDENSER WATER TEMP F 160 PERCENT FULL LOAD STEAM DEMAND 2 4 6 EH Capacity 10 12 14 16 18 20 TIME A MINUTES FIG 10 TYPICAL CHILLER START UP PERFORMANCE Based on NO LOAD LIMITING at startup JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 TABLE 8 NOMINAL RATINGS STEAM MACHINES METRIC CAPA CON ABSORBER CONDENSER YIA ST CIT KW TION INLET OUTLET FLOW OF PRESS INLET OUTLET FLOW OF PRESS C GPM PASS DROP C c L S pass DROP KG H C 1A2 545 1290 12 2 6 7 23 5 3 72 29 4 38 6 35 2 3 84 6 7 36 sa 555 C b 2A3 605 1425 12 2 26 0 2 29 4 38 6 39 1 2 39 2A4 121 1705 12 2 6 7 31 0 2 51 29 4 38 6 46 7 2 60 2B1 826 1950 12 2 6 7 35 6 2 36 29 4 38 6 53 3 2 57 382 960 2250 12 2 6 7 41 4 2 51 29 4 38 6 61 8 2 57 383 1094 2560 12 2 6 7 47 1 2 69 29 4 38 6 70 6 2 81 4B4 1174 2780 12 2 6 7 50 6 2 87 29 4 38 6 75 7 1 42 4C1 1276 3020 12 2 6 7
72. turn system is used or if a vacuum breaker is installed at the outlet of the chiller then the generator pressure will not drop below atmospheric The use of a vacuum breaker is discussed on page 21 Three basic types of return systems are possible 1 completely atmospheric system 2 a system that allows the chiller and steam traps to function at atmospheric pressure but the remainder of the condensate system boiler feed to operate in a vacuum 3 and a system that 24 operates entirely in a vacuum Reference Figs 5 6 and 7 for typical diagrams System 1 For an entirely atmospheric system a vacuum breaker may be installed at the outlet of the chiller see page 21 Also in this system both the auxiliary con densate receiver if needed and the main condensate re ceiver must be vented to atmospheric pressure The aux iliary condensate receiver should be used on completely atmospheric systems when the main condensate receiver is located at some distance from the condensate outlet or above the condensate outlet This system requires a float controlled pump to move condensate from the auxiliary receiver to the main condensate receiver in addition to the main condensate pump boiler feed pump System 2 Since the condensate will be at atmo spheric pressure until it leaves the auxiliary condensate receiver a vacuum breaker can still be used if desired see previous paragraph The auxiliary condensate receiver must be u
73. ure The panel will close the control valve to the machine if temperatures or pressures become excessive thus protecting the machine from potentially harmful conditions 5 Load Inhibition Before the YIA unit shuts down due to a given safety condition see Controls section for a complete list it first crosses a warning threshold which will cause the panel to limit heat input to the machine In this manner the YIA unit continues its vital task of mak ing chilled water while allowing operators the opportunity to find system deficiencies before they lead to an actual shutdown JOHNSON CONTROLS 6 Stainless Steel Pans Both the pan in the evaporator which holds refrigerant and the pan in the condenser which holds refrigerant are fabricated from stainless steel giving the machine added protection against cor rosion T Hermetic Pumps The industrial pump pro vides a life of trouble free operation with a recommended 55 000 hours between service inspections These pumps feature self adjusting spring loaded conical bearings that ensure concentric rotation and reduce interference These bearings made of carbon graphite maintain cor rect bearing journal fit at all times and ensure extended trouble free operation VIT ET _ d _ ee P 2 8 Double Walled Evaporator Evaporator on each YIA model is lined with a second wall reducing the amount of sweating that occurs on the evaporator sh
74. utomatic means should be provided to remove any condensate which may accumulate A stop valve should be provided ahead of the desuperheater to facilitate maintenance Test thermometer wells should be provided in the steam inlet and outlet from the desuperheater to check its operation Steam Strainer The steam strainer is used to capture any impurities in the steam supply These impurities may manifest themselves in the form of dirt rust or precipi tates This strainer will prevent chiller system components from getting plugged Plugged components will reduce system capacity and increase maintenance costs A pres sure gauge must be installed before and after the steam AUTOMATI STEAM CONTROL VALVE SUPPLIED BY JOHNSON CONTROLS MANUAL BLOCK TO CHILLED VALVE WATER PRESSURE GAUGE V CONTROLLER STEAM lt lt W SUPPLY na TO CONDENSATE RETURN PRESSURE AE STEAM STRAIN SEPARATOR STRAINER PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 Strainer If the pressure drop as read from these two gauges increases to an unacceptable level the strainer should be removed and cleaned Steam Separator The steam separator is installed in the steam supply line and is used to separate any liquid present in the steam This condensate liquid would nor mally be piped through a steam trap back to the conden sate tank The steam trap will prevent any steam from
75. y STEAM HOT WATER LIMITING CONTROLS Manual limiting available from 10 to 100 of capacity Programmable pull down demand limiting to auto matically limit steam hot water source loading at start up Remote limiting of steam hot water input from 10 to 10096 with a 1 to 11 second PWM signal SYSTEM CYCLING CONTROLS Programmable seven day time clock for automatic start stop of chiller and chilled and condenser water pumps e Separate schedule input strictly for holidays e Remote cycling contacts available for other field sup plied signals Multi unit cycling contact input terminals for field sup plied signals WARNING CONDITIONS INHIBITED UNIT LOADING The Control Center provides a warning annunciation and JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 when beneficial to the machine will limit heat input to 30 or 60 when operating conditions indicate the unit is mov ing towards a safety shutdown This gives the operator the opportunity to fix a problem before it leads to a complete safety shutdown Warnings include the following Low refrigerant temperature High generator pressure High entering condenser water temperature Purge pump current overload Faulty solution dilution temperature sensor High inlet steam pressure High inlet hot water temperature High solution concentration SHUTDOWN CONTROLS The following conditions will lead to unit shutdown After a shutdown the reason for the shutdown is displ
76. y receiver as detailed under condensate cooler in the component details section II JOHNSON CONTROLS FORM 155 16 EG1 1008 must be sized to cool the maximum flow to temperature 5 10 F 3 6 C below the saturation point of the vacuum return system HOT WATER SUPPLY A hot water supply of 266 F 130 C will provide suf ficient heat to achieve nominal ratings Lower hot water temperatures may not achieve the nominal capacity for a given size Your local Johnson Controls office can provide ratings for specific hot water temperatures A sample hot water piping arrangement is shown in Fig 8 below John son Controls recommends that shut off valves be installed in the hot water supply and return piping for serviceability On hot water unit shutdown the water in the generator 3 8 VACUUM BREAKER GENERATOR CONDENSATE OUTLET SWING CHECK VALVE IF DESIRED PIPE TO FLOOR FOR SAFETY STOP VALVE ww gt CONDENSATE COOLER AS REQUIRED COOLANT FLOAT amp THERMO Ma STATIC TYPE STEAM N TRAP S ATMOSPHERIC VENT FLOAT CONTROL AUXILIARY CONDENSATE r RECEIVER ATMOSPHERIC LOCATED BELOW GENERATOR ATMOSPHERIC VENT CONDENSATE OUTLET AS REQUIRED AUXILIARY 7 n MAIN CONDENSATE OR BOILER FEED PUMP FIG 5 SYSTEM 1 ATMOSPHERIC CONDENSATE RETU JOHNSON CONTROLS CONDENSATE PUMP MAIN CONDENSATE RECEIVER ATMOSPHERIC RN SYSTEM 25 A

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