Home

oldpsmanualls1000

image

Contents

1. plifier Amplifier Configuration with one PS15 per side and one LS1000 Configuration with two PS15 per side and one LS1000 per side User Manual PS10 PS15 p 27 VII INDEX A ACCESSOTIOS 3s ret tee ved e EC MERDA 7 flying kits ee rere mee 7 flying talls eet PROPRIE 7 stand d Amplifier euer eet TERRE 9 balanced inputs ier reete 12 current capabllity 2 temen om 9 PAM eene ID Rene ord 9 recommended power esee 9 unbalanced inputs ciel Asymmetrical l rn o etre tette 5 Front of house se 6 Stage Monitor sn 6 Principle igo hU 5 D Diagram COMME CHON i ec ete rea dee ed 21 25 ee 20 24 Electronic block e tret ieee aden tate tend 17 Dimensions wn 19 23 Displacement control eee 16 Dynaimic control 2 prebende ge eet 16 E Earth liftz5 cence aepo eie ee iden 13 F Fuses passive CrOossOver 8 M Maintenance sic sui bs e te re eene Eee dere ead 8 0 Buet ever 8 Emtee en moe RR ed 13 User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 P Peak limiters eee en nie estes Baia 16 polar plots dei eec on ve 20 24 Protection immer 11 S Sense Sense lines Setup Precautions Spe
2. The green Sense LED indicates signal presence at sense input on the Sub bass channel allowing visual control of the return connection from the amplifier output The red Pk LED indicates Peak limiter action reducing excessive peak voltage or levels capable of overloading the Sub bass channel amplifier IV 2 d LSub protection indicator VLF Yellow VLF LED lighting up indicates that temperature or displacement protections for the LSub are in action on the Sub bass channel IV 2 e Amplifier control on PS channels Sense amp Pk Green Sense LEDs indicate signal presence at sense input on Left and on Right channels and allow visual control of the return connection from the amplifiers outputs Red Pk LEDs lighting up will indicate for each channel that the Peak limiter is operating to reduce excessive peak output voltages LI IV 2 f PS protection indicators LF amp Amp Protect HF 5 3 On each side of the TD window yellow LEDs LF and HF Lat indicate when protection has been activated temperature or displacement control for either the Bass or the Top End driver respectively on the Left or Right channel IV 2 g Enhanced protection trimmer Protect The embedded trimmer located on the right side of front panel outside the window is used to lower the thresholds of the protection system When turned fully to the left marked Std the speaker protections will be set for normal operation When turned fully cl
3. PS TD Controller Em J00 Amplifier o PS TD Controller OO plifier ol plifier Amplifier 4 Q Sub 4Q Sub 4Q Sub Configuration with one PS10 per side and one LS500 Configuration with two PS10 per side and one LS500 per side User Manual PS10 PS15 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS p 23 VI 2 PS15 PS15TD amp LS1000 VI 2 a Specifications SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS PS15 with PS15 TDcontroller LSub 1000 with PS15 TDcontroller Frequency Response a 50 Hz 18 kHz 3 dB 30 Hz 120 Hz 3 dB Usable Range 2 6 dB a 47 Hz 18 kHz 29 Hz 180 Hz Sensitivity 1W 1m b 102 dB SPL Nominal 99 dB SPL Wideband 102 dB SPL Nominal Nominal Peak SPL 1m b 131 to 134 dB Peak for 550 to 1200 W RMS Amp 133 to 135 dB Peak 800 to 1200 W RMS HF Dispersion c 50 to 100 Hor x 55 Vert Rotatable Horn 4 positions Se Directivity Q amp DI c Q 16 Nominal DI 12 dB Nominal f gt 1 5kHz Crossover Frequencies 900 Hz Passive or Active internally switchable 80 Hz Active through PS15 TD Nominal Impedance Passive 8 Ohms or Active LF 6 Ohms amp HF 8 Ohms 4 Ohms Recommended Amplifiers 550 to 1200 Watts into 8 Ohms for 1 x PS15 per channel 800 to 1200 Watts into 4 Ohms 1000 to 1800 Watts into 4 Ohms for 2 x PS15 per channel SYSTEM OPERATIO
4. Simple troubleshooting does not need the measurement equipment necessary for maintenance and can easily be made by users The first question to be answered is always the identification of the faulty link source controller amplifier loudspeaker or cable Most installations are Stereo it is often the case that one channel works and the other does not Permutations of successive left and right elements can usually help locating the fault Some cabinet faults can be quite easily located and corrected by the user A simple sweep with a sine wave generator can be very helpful but it MUST be made at fairly low level not to endanger speakers vibrations due to loosened screws air leak noises check that no screws are missing particularly on the flying amp fixing accessories backplates User Manual PS10 PS15 AMPLIFIERS p 9 vibrations due to a front grille badly positioned in its quick release fixings Some faults require opening the cabinet fuses refer to above paragraph alien object fallen into the cabinet after repair or through the port holes internal connection wires or absorbing material hitting against the loudspeaker diaphragm check by removing the bass loudspeaker Allen metric N 4 loudspeaker not connected or phase reversed following a previous inspection test or repair 1l 5 c Maintenance amp Warranty Actual servicing requires the facilities and approval of the NEXO dealer or distributor Please co
5. the connectors wiring is as follows Speakon Connector Signal Subbass optional Subbass optional Main PS system Main PS system User Manual PS10 PS15 LOUDSPEAKERS p 5 An additional Speakon connector on the PS15 connection panel is identified as 2 WAY ACTIVE it is reserved for operation in active mode biamp and wired as follows Speakon Connector Signal PS15 Bass ini 9 PS15Bass iz gt PSISHF s iz PSS HF Cable choice consists mainly of selecting the correct cable section size in relation to the load impedance and the cable length Too small a cable section would increase its serial resistance this would induce power loss and response variations damping factor The following table indicates for 3 common sizes a cable length with a maximum serial resistance equal to 4 of the load impedance damping factor 25 Cable Section Maximum Length Impedance 8 Ohms Impedance 4 Ohms 1 5 mm AWG 14 12 m 40 ft 6 m 20 ft 2 5 mm AWG 12 20 m 64 ft 10 m 32 ft 4 mm AWG 10 32 m 104 ft 16 m 52 ft ll 1 c Initial Setup Precautions When starting up a system including brand new cabinets NEXO recommends gradual power ramp up The loudspeaker components may need stabilizing during the very first hours of usage This is particularly true for adhesives within the speakers moving assemblies In all cases it is advisable to co
6. 2 Servo Control section In this case selecting the proper switch setting is absolutely necessary to ensure correct operation of the protection circuits as protection will directly depend on it The three gain values available are 26 32 or 38 dB and correspond to the positions left middle and right of the switch respectively If the effective gain of the amplifiers doesn t correspond to any of the three positions the closest should be selected In case of doubt the lesser value should be chosen IV 3 d Sense inputs The sense inputs of the three channels left right and subbass are arranged on a six pole barrier strip set into the rear panel within the area labeled Sense IN The Sense inputs are intended for the output signals of the amplifiers driving one cabinet each of the channel being used PS for the left and right channel LSub for the subbass channel Seay 7 Input sense connection is strongly recommended for proper operation of the servo control system On PS10 TDcontrollers with serial numbers before 360 which are not provided with fall back mode the cabinets will NOT BE PROTECTED AT ALL if the sense lines are not SS connected Sens User Manual PS10 PS15 p 14 TDcontroller USER GUIDE Connection is made via the female part removable of the connector supplied with the Controller as outlined below Channel Amplifier Output Terminal Barrier strip connector AT black gt pin 2 black gt
7. element works selectively as a dynamic equalizer LF VCEQ Depending on the nature and origin of the servo signals either one or the 2 combined elements is used to process the Audio signal This feature allows a more efficient processing while reducing audible effects V 2 b Displacement control The signal from the sense input is fed through a shaping filter producing a signal proportional to the voice coil displacement This control signal is compared to a fixed value and if exceeded the LF VCEQ is activated with very short attack time to reduce speaker excursion For even higher levels the control voltage will also activate the wideband VCA V 2 c Temperature control Sense input is fed to a shaping filter to create a voltage proportional to the instantaneous voice coil current The signal is integrated over time to simulate heat buildup in the specific driver When the resulting voltage exceeds a preset threshold the VCA is activated to limit the voice coil temperature within Ehe range Besides on PS15TD and on PS10TD serial number above 868 power compr Jin is simulated by lowering the high frequencies when temperature protection is acting on the bass loudspeaker V 2 d Dynamic control To reduce audible pumping effects due to very long time constants of temperature detection signals an alternate integration is also processed with a shorter time constant Whilst anticipating the temperature protection and reducing its un
8. kHz Wideband to the specified 3 dB range Data are for speaker processor recommended amplifier combinations Peak SPL is at clipping of recommended amplifier Measurements made with PS15 s in passive operation mode c Directivity curves amp data obtained by computer treatment on off axis response curves Omnimount is a registered trade mark of Omnimount Systems Inc Accessories VI 2 b Dimensions 791mm 31 14 4 597mm 23 50 1 D 515mm 20 28 D ae Ti 434mm 17 09 675mm 26 57 C D 405mm 15 94 368mm 14 49 OO User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS p 25 VI 2 c Curves iiu ON AXIS RESPONSE 8 TOTAL BISTORSION C 0 0 o RNC PN A Nd c 9 On axis responses PS15 amp PS15 LS1000 c 10 PS15 LS1000 THD for 115 dBSPL 1m Horizontal polar plots left 16 Ohm upper plot vertical orientation 25 Pa center plot vertical orientation 0 sonm lower plot vertical orientation 25 Vertical polar plot right aonm L 5 dB div 2 Ohm 100 10k 20k c 11 Im
9. pin 4 eee was gt black gt pin 6 NB The PS TDoontroller is insensitive to the polarity of the wiring of the inputs contrary to some other NEXO Controllers It is highly recommended to read the further information below regarding the wiring of Sense lines IV IV 4 IV 4 a Recommendations for wiring the Sense lines IV 3 e Earth Lift User Manual PS10 PS15 TDcontroller USER GUIDE p 15 The push button labeled Earth Lift allows RES connection depressed position or dlo LD PIE disconnection out position between the signal CH mum CO gu ground and the mains earth which is itself linked c to the chassis Using this button may help to eliminate hum due to ground loops created in the system IV 4 Setting Up Advice IV 4 a Recommendations for wiring the Sense lines The impedance of the sense inputs of the PS TDcontroller being quite high the currents are low and therefore ordinary line cable can be used If the unit is housed in the amp racks an unshielded cable can be used If the Controller is located remotely at the mixing position a shielded cable is recommended without using the shield as a conductor When one of the channels is not being used and the corresponding sense line is disconnected crosstalk onto the inactive sense line may in some cases produce signals capable of causing the untimely illumination of the Sense
10. the PS15 in active mode was not yet available Please devote some attention to reading this manual A better understanding of some specific features of the PS series like the asymmetrical directivity horn configuration will help you to operate your system to its full potential ll LOUDSPEAKERS II General Setup Instructions ll 1 a TDcontroller use Performance sound quality and reliability of these speaker systems are entirely dependent on proper setup and use of the appropriate TDcontroller PS10 TDcontroller for PS10 systems with or without LS500 PS15 TDcontroller for P515 systems with or without LS1000 These two controllers are not interchangeable Each one is precisely matched to the corresponding cabinets We strongly recommend to all new users the careful reading of the manual with regard to specific setup and use of the TDcontroller ll 1 b Speaker Wiring The louspeakers are connected with SpeakonNL4FC plugs not supplied A wiring diagram is printed on the connection panel located on the back of the cabinets The 4 pins of the 2 Speakon plugs identified in out are paralleled within the enclosure Each of these connectors can thus be used indifferently and simultaneously receive the power amplifier signals feeding the main PS cabinets and the optional LSub if present a single 4 conductor cable can connect the amplifier rack to 1 or 2 PS plus 1 LSub On the PS10 LS500 LS1000 and PS15 used in passive mode
11. 22 kHz Unweighted THD N lt 0 03 Typ 0 05 Max for 20 dBm Output Std Max Protection Trimmer Gain switch back panel 3 positions for Amps with Gain 26 32 38 dB Sub On switch amp Sub Gain Control Speaker Protect LED s Amp Sense amp Peak LED s 110 220 Volts internal wiring 50 60 Hz Earth Lift switch on back panel Specifications Controls amp Indicators Power Supply Dimensions amp Weight 1U 19 Rack 190 mm 7 5 Depth 2 9 kg SHIPPING amp ORDERING 6 6 Lb net Packaging PS15 s are sold as pairs with PS15TD Ref PS15P T or without PS15TD Ref PS15P Shipping weight amp Volume PS15 32 Kg 70 Ib 0 2 cum 7 cu feet PS15 TD 3 3 Kg 7 Ib 0 02 cu m 0 6 cu feet Ref LS1000 49 kg 108 Ib 0 32 cu m 11 cu feet Flying Kit Ref FLYPS15 containing 1 x PS15 Top Rail 2 x PS15 Bottom Rails 4 x Single Stud Flying Rings Mast Adapter Kit Ref STDUPS15 containing 1 m 39 long mast amp U coupler supporting 1 or 2 P815 above LS1000 As part of a policy of continual improvement NEXO reserves the right to change specifications without notice a Response curves amp data Anechoic Far Field for the P815 PS15TD Half Space Anechoic radiation for the LS1000 PS15TD b Sensitivity amp Peak SPL data these will depend on spectral distribution and crest factor of program material Measured with band limited Pink Noise Nominal refers to Voice Decade 300 Hz 3
12. 4 Lb Speakon Connectors 2 x 4 pole Passive In amp Loop Thru 1 x 4 Pole Active In 2 x 4 pole In amp Loop Thru Construction Baltic Birch Ply finished with structured black coating Baltic Birch Ply amp structured black coating Fittings Handles 2 Metal recessed pockets 2 Metal recessed pockets Acoustic foam on hex perforated steel grille 77 Perforated steel grilles transparent 1 steel anchor plate for flying track on top 9 positions 3 steel anchor plates for flying tracks on sides 2 steel anchor plates for flying tracks on bottom 3 positions and back Built in Steel Stand Fitting 35 mm 1 3 8 Internal Steel Stand Fitting on Top 35 mm 1 3 8 accepts a mast supporting 1 or 2 PS15 s Front finish Flying Points Stand fittings Fixed Installation One set of 4 fixing points Omnimount 100 Std spacing User Manual PS10 PS15 p 24 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS PRODUCT FEATURES PS15 TDcontroller Audio Inputs Two L amp R Audio inputs Electronically balanced 36 kOhm Two XLR 3F connectors Sense Inputs Three Amplifier Sense Inputs PS15 L amp R LS1000 2000 150 kOhm on 6 Pole Removable Strip Terminal Audio Outputs Two L amp R PS15 Audio outputs Electronically balanced 50 Ohm On two XLR 3M One Mono L R LS1000 2000 Audio output Electronically balanced 50 Ohm On one XLR 3M Output Level 22 dBm Max 21 dBm Max on 1 kOhm Noise 86 dBm 22 Hz
13. B SPL Nominal Nominal Peak SPL 1m b 131 to 134 dB Peak 300 to 800 W RMS Amp HF Dispersion c Directivity Q amp DI c Crossover Frequencies 2 kHz Passive 120 Hz Active through PS10 TD 4 Ohms 300 to 800 Watts into 4 Ohms 8 Ohms 200 to 500 Watts into 8 Ohms for 1 x PS10 per channel 400 to 1000 Watts into 4 Ohms for 2 x PS10 per channel Nominal Impedance Recommended Amplifiers SYSTEM OPERATION The PS10 TDController is precisely matched to the PS10 amp LS500 cabinets and includes sophisticated protection systems Using PS10 amp LS500 without a properly connected PS10 TD will result in poor sound quality and can damage the components After quick release of the front grille from its fixings the HF Horn can be rotated in 4 positions for dispersion configuration Electronic Controller Dispersion configuration Subbass The PS10 can be used without optional LS500 Subbass Active two way operation with the LS500 is included in the PS10 TD One LS500 matches 2 x PS10 additional LS500 may be used for enhanced effect Speaker Cables PS10 are wired 2 amp 2 on Speakon connectors LS500 on 1 amp 1 Loop through Speakons are present on both Single identical cables can thus be used to loop through combinations of up to 2 x PS10 amp 1 x LS500 in no particular order PRODUCT FEATURES PS10 LSub 500 Components LE VLF 1 x 10 25cm 8 Ohm driver 1 x 15 38cm lo
14. LED on that channel although this phenomenon has no effect on the internal operation of the Controller it can be cured by short circuiting the terminals of the inactive sense line Otherwise it is strongly advised to protect the amplifiers from short circuits in the sense lines It is recommended that a 1 kOhm resistor with a power rating of at least three watts be inserted as close as possible to the output terminals of the amps IV 4 b Connecting the audio outputs Output stages are able to drive several amplifiers in parallel however it is not advised to work with loads of less than 1 kOhm It is best to check with the impedance characteristics of the inputs supplied by the manufacturer to check if the number of amplifier channels is not too many Where precise information is not available and taking 10 kOhm as the minimum value possible then ten channels in parallel per output is a sensible maximum User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 p 16 TDcontroller REFERENCE GUIDE V TDcontroller REFERENCE GUIDE V 1 Linear section The characteristics of the linear section are independent of signal level as opposed to the servo control functions described in next paragraph V 1 a Subsonic and VHF filtering Low and high pass filters are used to remove signals not of the usable frequency range and so eliminate sub and ultra sonic components that could possibly degrade the performan
15. N Electronic Controller The PS15 TDcontroller is precisely matched to the PS15 amp LS1000 cabinets and includes protections Using PS15 amp LSub s without a properly connected PS15 TD will result in poor sound quality and can damage the components The PS15 TDcontroller cannot be used with PS15 s switched to two way active operation mode Another type of NEXO processor is required for this application After quick release of the front grille from its fixings the HF Horn can be rotated in 4 positions for dispersion configuration The PS15 can be used without optional Subbass Active operation of the LS1000 is included in the PS15 TD Dispersion configuration Subbass PS15 are wired 2 amp 2 on Passive Input Speakons LS1000 on 1 amp 1 Loop through Speakons are present on both Single identical cables can thus be used to loop through combinations of PS15 in passive amp LS1000 in no particular order Speaker Cables PRODUCT FEATURES PS15 LSub 1000 Components LF Sub 1 x 15 38 cm 6 Ohms proprietary 1 x 18 46 cm long excursion 4 Ohm driver 1 x 2 throat 3 Titanium diaphragm driver Low Distortion Constant Directivity Asymmetrical Dispersion Horn 675 x 434 x 368 mm 26 57 x 17 08 x 14 48 515 x 791 x 597 mm 20 28 x 31 14 x 23 50 Dimensions of 2 stacked LS1000 1 x LS2000 45 kg 99 Lb HF Height x Width x Depth Weight Net 29 kg 6
16. PS Series PS10 PS10TD LS500 PS15 PS15TD LS1000 User Manual User Manual 10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 p 2 INTRODUCTION I INTRODUCTION Il LOUDSPEAKERS ULI GENERAL SETUP INSTRUCTIONS Il 1 a TDcontroller use Il 1 b Speaker Wiring Il 1 c Initial Setup Precautions Il 2 ASYMMETRICAL HORN CONFIGURATION Il 2 a Principle Il 2 b Front of house Configuration Il 2 c Stage Monitor Configuration Il 3 SUBBASS USE OPTIONAL Il 3 a General Recommendations Il 4 ACCESSORIES IA a Stand Mast amp U Coupler Il 4 b Flying rails Accessories amp Rings Il 4 c Omnimount style clamps 11 5 USE amp MAINTENANCE Il 5 a Checking the PS10 amp PS15 internal fuses Il 5 b Troubleshooting bc Maintenance amp Warranty Ill AMPLIFIERS IL 71 RECOMMENDED POWER Ill 2 CURRENT CAPABILITY Ill 3 GAIN IV TDOCONTROLLER USER GUIDE IV 1 READ BEFORE USE IV 2 FRONT PANEL IV 2 a Turning the LSub channel on On IV 2 b Adjusting the LSub level Sub Level IV 2 c Amplifier control on LSub channel Sense amp Pk IV 2 d LSub protection indicator VLF IV 2 e Amplifier control on PS channels Sense amp Pk IV 2 f PS protection indicators LF amp HF IV 2 9 Enhanced protection trimmer Protect IV 3 REAR PANEL IV 3 a Audio Inputs IV 3 b Audio Outputs IV 3 c Output Level Switch IV 3 d Sense inputs IV 3 e Earth Lift IV 4 SETTING UP ADVICE IV 4 a Recomme
17. abinets must be installed permanently in horizontal or vertical position To remove the original screws a N 4 metric Allen key is required IA Use amp Maintenance 1l 5 a Checking the PS10 amp PS15 internal fuses The function of these fuses is to protect the passive crossover against overheating if a speaker component is accidentally disconnected or goes open circuit They can also protect amplifiers from current overloading in that event To preserve sound quality they are not inserted in series with the loudspeakers themselves and do not thus protect them The fuses are located on the PCB of the internal passive crossover located right behind the connection panel If a loudspeaker component gets accidentally disconnected or goes open circuit and needs repairing the fuses condition must be checked They can be verified visually and are easy to replace These fuses are of the common automotive type ATO Blade type with standard values Beware a broken fuse will degrade sound quality and endanger the loudspeaker components but the cabinet will still operate It is thus not immediately noticeable The incidents that can cause fuse break need cabinet opening anyway it is good practice to quickly check the fuses on that occasion To access the fuses release the 4 or 6 screws holding the connection panel Allen metric 2 5 and disengage the panel amp crossover assembly an upward rotation movement is required 11 5 b Troubleshooting
18. aker wiring 3 SPCAK ON p el Sub Level Subbass flying subs dor 6 T TDcontroller soins se i ah hee Front Panel Rear Panel WANNE cs ee rti ERE OO ICT ERR 4 Temperature contra 16 Troubleshooting no ede edet 8 RE eere pte tenera 4 5 U Unbalanced sOUtCeice eee eme mete 12
19. akers and aligned with respect to the audience This is to avoid interference around the crossover point around 120 Hz for PS10 LS500 75 Hz for PS15 LS1000 Although this can be at the expense of the above requirement LSubs low frequency performance is enhanced if multiple subs are grouped together This also applies to Stereo installations using mono LSub output where left and right Subs can be grouped in the center The nominal efficiency data for LS500 and LS1000 and the standard Sub level settings on the TDcontroller are for LSubs positioned on the floor half space For other system configurations and particularly for flying subs Subbass the low frequency sound pressure can be 3 to 6 dB lower This will be compensated by a higher setting on the LSub output level control and or by adding more subbass units IA Accessories 1l 4 a Stand Mast amp U Coupler PS10s and PS15s have a built in stand adapter 35 mm diameter Cabinets can be positioned directly on a general purpose speaker stand or on a mast inserted in the built in stand adapter on top of the LS500 amp LS1000 The U Coupler accessory allows positioning and relative rotation of two cabinets arrayed side by side on top of the mast or on a speaker stand The mast and U coupler for the PS10 are available as options STDUPS10 The U coupler for the PS15 was not yet available at the time of writing this manual ll 4 b Flying rails Accessories amp Rings PS10s a
20. ble Strip Terminal Audio Outputs Two L amp R PS10 Audio outputs Electronically balanced 50 Ohm Two XLR 3M One Mono L R LS500 Audio output Electronically balanced 50 Ohm One XLR 3M Output Level 20 dBm Max 19dBm Max on 1kOhm Noise 88 dBm 22 Hz 22 kHz UnWeighted THD N lt 0 03 Typ 0 05 Max for 18dBm Output Std Max Protection Trimmer Gain switch back panel 3 positions for Amps with Gain 26 32 38 dB Sub On switch amp Sub Gain Control Speaker Protect LED s Amp Sense amp Peak LED s 110 220 Volts internal wiring 50 60Hz Earth Lift back panel Specifications Controls amp Indicators Power Supply Dimensions amp Weight 1U 19 Rack 190mm 7 5 Depth 2 9 kg 6 6 Lbs net SHIPPING amp ORDERING Packaging PS10 s are packaged as pairs with PS10TD Ref PS10P T or without PS10TD Ref PS10P in a single box Shipping weight amp Volume Ref PS10P 34 Kg pair Ref PS10P T 37 Kg pair processor Shipping Volume 0 169 m3 5 96 cu feet Ref LS500 38 kg unit 0 238 m3 8 41 cu feet Flying Kit Ref FLYPS10 containing 1 x PS10 Top Rail 2 x PS10 Bottom Rails 4 x Single Stud Flying Rings Mast Adapter Kit Ref STDUPS10 containing 1 m 39 long mast amp U coupler supporting 1 or 2 PS10 above LS500 As part of a policy of continual improvement NEXO reserves the right to change specifications without notice a Response curves amp data Anechoic Fa
21. but all four cabinet orientations are usable Figure 1 PS15 used front of house Il 2 c Stage Monitor Configuration For stage monitors the required coverage is always wider when performers are close to the wedge above the horn axis than when they move away from it below the horn axis For floor monitor use 100 the horn must be rotated with its wide dispersion side directed towards the top of the cabinet as shown by the arrow in wedge position as shown in the above figure The specific dispersion pattern the 2 driver and the very high power handling all contribute to the exceptional performance of the PS15 as a wedge monitor 50 Figure 2 PS15 used as a stage monitor I1 3 Subbass Use optional IL3a General Recommendations The Subbass section of the TDcontroller is monophonic a summation of the Left and Right channels is made at the input of the Controller If an installation uses subbass in Stereo Subbass this implies the presence of 2 TDcontrollers do not forget that when one input only of the Controller is used this will lower the gain of the Sub Output by 6 dB You can either increase the gain setting of the LSub with the front panel level control or use a Y adapter to feed both inputs of the controller with the same signal User Manual PS10 PS15 LOUDSPEAKERS p 7 For best results the LSubs should be as close as possible to the main loudspe
22. ce of the Controller and amplifiers Those filters are optimized for achievement of the target overall system response V 1 b Equalizing acoustical response This equalizing section achieves the correction required to obtain a flat system response as the cabinets are acoustically designed for maximum efficiency on the whole frequency range Active rather than passive attenuation allows lowering amplifier voltages for a given output SPL and therefore increases the maximum SPL achievable with the same amplifier Active equalization also extends system bandpass especially at low frequencies where acoustical performance is limited by cabinet size V 1 c PS LSub Cross Over From input signals summed together the resulting mono signal is low pass filtered to feed the Sub bass channel When the channel is turned on LSub On main channels Left amp Right high pass filters are reconfigured to filter out signal components below the cross over frequency Slopes and other filter characteristics are optimized using techniques that take into account the actual acoustical data of each loudspeaker in the cabinets V 1 d LSub operation and level adjustment When the LSub channel is off its signal is grounded just before the output stage When the channel is in use the potentiometer adjusts output level by acting on the Sub s VCA control voltage V 1 e Gain Output stage For each of the 3 channels gain is set by an attenuation network simultaneou
23. e SSS See EE See Sees 1 4 440 NO Oms i l 1 S nn aan l A PE 1 Lidl Sine S Et M317IJ 4H ge 3317114 41 8 LSAS ff j Se 939 x Ke rgnv tao i S T a i nn ann MS E pP qe L inding BER e a TN ER 3174 4H XILI 47 ISAS Andina EN i 030A N SE Orany GE 41 dSId WILT 9NIdvHS zT XILI 9NIdvHS Pr SILI 9NIdvHS A NdNI LI JSNIS 2 1 LSAS LNdNI Q Dany PS15 PS10 User Manual PS15TD LS1000 PS10TD LS500 Release 1 31 Date 29 09 2005 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS p 19 VI SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS VI 1 PS10 PS10TD amp LS500 VI 1 a Specifications SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS PS10 with PS10 TDcontroller LSub 500 with PS10 TDcontroller Frequency Response a 65 Hz 20 kHz 3dB 40 Hz 110 Hz 3dB Usable Range 6dB a Sensitivity 1W 1m b 58 Hz 21 kHz 38Hz 120 Hz 98 dB SPL Nominal 96 dB SPL Wideband 124 to 127 dB Peak for 200 to 500 W RMS Amp 50 to 100 Hor x 55 Vert Rotatable Horn 4 positions Q 16 Nominal DI 12 dB Nominal f 3 kHz 101 d
24. ected to the PS TDcontroller input is pin 3 hot connect the hot pin of the amplifier to pin 3 of the PS TDcontroller XLR output connector and the amplifier ground to pin 2 User Manual PS10 PS15 TDcontroller USER GUIDE p 13 where the source is wired pin 2 hot connect the hot pin of the amplifier input to pin 2 of the XLR output connector and the amplifier ground to pin 3 leave pin 1 of the output XLR unconnected This wiring method avoids any loss of output level provided always that the ground of PS TDcontroller stays floating relative to that of the amplifier thus care should be taken with regard to the Earth Lift switch when depressed the respective signal grounds could possibly be linked together via the mains earth IV 3 c Output Level Switch lt gt ast o gt aes Ee RB vs N ra em a Rm az aM Was EC mmm Km ep em BR em lt gt F aM RS IL The 3 position output level switch has two main purposes 1 Once the sense lines are connected this switch is only used to match the processor gain to the amplifier gain for optimum signal to noise ratio Having selected the appropriate output level the signal to noise ratio will be preserved whatever the gain of the amplifier for a broader explanation of this please refer to III III 3 AMPLIFIERS Gain 2 If the sense lines are disconnected the TDcontroller is operating in fall back mode see relevant section IV V
25. is narrower above horn axis 50 Horizontal for 25 Vertical and wider below 100 Horizontal for 30 Vertical Between these two extremes horizontal coverage varies according to a specific law on axis 0 Vertical coverage is 75 Horizontal User Manual PS10 PS15 p 6 LOUDSPEAKERS Access to the horn for configuration and checking is easily made with the quick release function of the front grille just pull it out To modify horn orientation remove the four Allen screws that maintain the horn Allen 4 metric A sticker on the wide dispersion side of the horn shows the correct orientation for wedge monitoring and front of house application you just have to read the indication on the right side The arrow indicate the wide dispersion Il 2 b Front of house Configuration Good coverage of audiences often requires a conflicting combination of wide coverage short throw for the closest listeners below cabinet axis and narrow coverage long throw for distant areas on or e M O 30 above axis The PS Series horizontal horn coverage varies from short throw to long throw along the vertical axis to precisely match these practical requirements in a single system For the majority of applications the asymmetrical J Nom horn should be used with its wide Ss dispersion side directed towards the floor as shown by the arrow
26. nd PS15s are equipped with steel anchor plates standard that can be fitted with the following fittings optional PS10 Top 6 position aircraft flying 4 rail aay Bottom two single position round aircraft flying rails PS15 Figure 3 Top 9 position aircraft flying rail Bottom two 3 position aircraft flying rails These rails are supplied as part of optional flying kits Accessories containing all necessary screws and 4 single stud aircraft flying rings Heavy duty double stud flying rings can be used in all rails except the bottom PS10 points Installation requires a metric N 5 Allen key to remove the original backplate screws and a metric N 4 Allen key to mount the rails Vertical orientation of cabinets is a function of ring position in the top rail It is imperative for security reasons to use two rings per rail left figure linked to two independently fixed straps Ring B will also be used to stabilize the cabinet rotation and reduce the angle given by the master ring A Nominal vertical angles relative to the position of ring A without the influence of ring B are as follows User Manual PS10 PS15 p 8 LOUDSPEAKERS Position PS10 Angles PS15 Angles see Figure 3 Il 4 c Omnimount style clamps The back and the bottom of the PS10 as well as the bottom of the PS15 are equipped with internal anchor points M8 metric to the Omnimount 100 Series spacing standard This is particularly convenient when c
27. ndations for wiring the Sense lines IV 4 b Connecting the audio outputs User Manual PS10 PS15 ODDWDONNNDADOOAAgATHK HA A D c dq Ko INTRODUCTION p 3 V TDCONTROLLER REFERENCE GUIDE 16 V 1 LINEAR SECTION 16 V 1 a Subsonic and VHF filtering 16 V 1 b Equalizing acoustical response 16 V 1 c PS LSub Cross Over 16 V 1 d LSub operation and level adjustment 16 V 1 e Gain Output stage 16 V 2 SERVO CONTROL SECTION 16 V 2 a VCAs and VCEQs 17 V 2 b Displacement control 17 V 2 c Temperature control 17 V 2 d Dynamic control 17 V 2 e Peak Limiter 17 V 3 ELECTRONIC BLOCK DIAGRAM 18 VI SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS 19 VI 1 PS10 PS10TD amp LS500 19 VI 1 a Specifications 19 VI 1 b Dimensions 20 VI 1 c Curves 21 VI 1 d Connection Diagrams 22 VI 2 P815 PS15TD amp LS1000 23 VI 2 a Specifications 23 VI 2 b Dimensions 24 VI 2 c Curves 25 VI 2 d Connection Diagrams 26 Vil INDEX 27 User Manual PS10 PS15 p 4 INTRODUCTION I INTRODUCTION Thank you for selecting NEXO PS Series equipment This manual intends to provide you with necessary and useful information about your PS speaker system PS10 amp optional LS500 subbass PS15 amp optional LS1000 subbass The PS15 can be used either in passive mode or bi amped two way active Most of the information within this manual refers to the PS15 used in passive mode At the date of writing this manual the specific processor required to use
28. ng excursion 4 Ohm driver HF 1x1 throat driver Low Distorsion S Constant Directivity Asymetrical Dispersion Horn 515 x 316 x 277 mm 20 28 x 12 44 x 10 91 430x689x528 mm 16 93 x 27 13 x 20 79 Weight Net 15 kg 33 Lbs 33 kg 73 Lbs 2 x NLAMP Speakon 4 pole Height x Width x Depth Connectors 2 x NLAMP Speakon 4 pole Construction Baltic Birch Ply finished with structured black coating Baltic Birch Ply amp structured black coating Fittings Handles 2 Metal recessed pockets 2 Metal recessed pockets Acoustic foam on hex perforated steel grille 77 Perforated steel grilles transparent 1 steel anchor plate for flying track on top 6 positions 3 steel anchor plates for flying 2 steel anchor plates for flying tracks on bottom 1 position tracks on sides and back Built in Steel Stand Fitting 35mm 1 3 8 Internal Steel Stand Fitting on Top 35mm 1 3 8 accepts a mast supporting 1 or 2 PS10 s Front finish Flying Points Stand fittings Two sets of 4 fixing points Omnimount 100 Std spacing for Horizontal or Vertical installation Fixed Installation User Manual PS10 PS15 p 20 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS PRODUCT FEATURES PS10 TDController Audio Inputs Two L amp R Audio inputs Electronically balanced 36 kOhm Two XLR 3F connectors Sense Inputs Three Amplifier Sense Inputs PS10 L amp R LS500 150 kOhm 6 Pole Remova
29. nnect the loudspeakers only after all the other components have been wired and are operating correctly This is particularly important for the amplifiers and the TDcontroller It is good practice to turn down all the amplifiers gains before connecting the cabinets and to turn them on again individually with a medium level music source fed into the system The Sense LEDs of the corresponding TDcontroller channel should light up accordingly This will help to locate cabling errors particularly Left to Right or LF to HF Sense line inversions which would disable the TDcontroller protections and may invalidate the warranty I 2 Asymmetrical Horn Configuration 1l 2 a Principle The Asymmetrical Dispersion constant directivity horn is an important feature of the PS Series This concept was only available previously for highly specialized applications in the general purpose PS it is fully exploited thanks to the possibilities of user configuration The proper configurations of the horn for two common applications are shown hereafter All 4 positions of the horn are usable and can be useful for specialized applications such as complex arrays systems designed with CAD software and stage monitoring The specific dispersion of the PS10 amp PS15 horn can be seen on figure 1 front of house configuration as seen on the side view vertical coverage is narrower above horn axis 425 than below 30 as seen on the front view horizontal coverage
30. ntact him for any practical information on maintenance Warranty conditions rights and disclaimers may vary from country to country Ill AMPLIFIERS III Recommended Power For best results NEXO specifies a range of amplifier powers relative to the capacity of the cabinets see technical specifications for the PS10 PS15 LS500 amp LS1000 pages 19 amp 23 The use of amplifiers with lower power ratings has no justification other than budgetary On the contrary high power amplifiers within reasonable limit present no real technical problem bearing in mind the servo control system which limits the delivered power when needed but may simply represent an unnecessary expense IL 23 Current Capability When evaluating an amplifier it is important to take account of its behavior under low load conditions current capacity a speaker system is highly reactive with transient signals like music it can require a lot more current than the nominal impedance would indicate Apart from the manufacturers specifications it is possible to test the amplifier with two times the intended number of cabinets two cabinets per channel in place of one four in place of two etc and drive the system to the onset of clipping If there is no noticeable audible signal degradation the amplifier is well suited do not take much notice of amplifier heating after several minutes but amplifier protection should not appear too quickly 111 3 Gain It is ve
31. ockwise marked Max protections will be increased e g this setting ee E Bes should be used where the system is operating under badly sa lt max A15 controlled conditions identical gain for each amp is not prain ee checked sense lines are not connected Middle positions of the trimmer can also be used and will be recommended in cases of extended periods of overload e g in some discotheque applications User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 p 12 TDcontroller USER GUIDE On PS15TD only the trimmer also affects the operation of the Peak limiters 1 UT SO T 9 q Q m dl alc p o Al Bee XE So Lo Bi Earth ift Audio OUT Qo Amp inp i mes Mes t3 o a D i D Sense N hem Ang Terminati QJ IV 3 Rear Panel IV 3 a Audio Inputs The audio inputs are two 3 pin female XLR connectors located in the area labeled Audio IN L and R being the left and right channels respectively Signal is applied between pins 2 and 3 pin 1 being grounded When the Controller is linked to a signal source with balanced outputs the XLR connections are simply wired pin to pin 1 to 1 etc As a result of the balanced CI sees td CI Peer nature of the outputs and providing that balancing is respected by way of
32. pedance PS15 and LS1000 OFF AXIS RESPONSE dB 10 000 oo re 10 00 20 00 1 c 12 Horizontal plane vertical orientation 25 10 black 20 light 30 dark off axis response OFF AXIS RESPONSE dB 10 000 Ae 20 00 10k 20k c 13 Horizontal plane vertical orientation 0 20 black 30 obt 40 dark off axis response OFF AXIS RESPONSE dB 10 000 0 0 20 00 c 14 Horizontal plane vertical orientation 25 30 black 40 obt SO dark off axis response DIRECTIVITY INDEX dB amp 20 000 100 5 ERR i HEX LAN us I c 16 Horizontal light and vertical black ES 10k 20k c15 Directivity index and factor coverage angles 6dB points User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 p 26 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS VI 2 d Connection Diagrams PS15 PS15 LS 1000 LS 1000 PS TD Controller JJOO plifier o PS TD Controller JoO plifier
33. protection of the cabinets by dynamic Audio signal processing Temperature and Displacement servo control reduction of amplifier overload Peak limiter function PS TDcontroller also features stereo operation 2 independent channels for the main system switchable output level according to the amplifier gain adjustable level on the Sub bass channel balanced input and output stages enhanced protection facility provided for additional safety margin when extended periods of overload are anticipated fall back servo control mode preventing lack of protection when sense lines are disconnected NB on PS10TD this feature is provided only after serial number 361 compensation of power compression effects on the system response curve PS15 only As with similar devices the PS TDcontroller is intended to be inserted between the Audio source console preamplifier etc and the power amplifier Unless stated otherwise the PS TDcontroller is shipped ready to be used with 220 240 V AC mains voltage It will also work under 110 120 V AC mains voltage but this requires internal adjustment Consult your Nexo dealer or service manual IV 2 Front Panel as Be c d S Protect eo Let Fight Sg CH Ad o x Most front panel functions and indicators are located inside 2 distinct windows left hand areas with upper label LSub relates
34. r Field for the PS10 PS10TD Half Space Anechoic radiation for the LS500 PS10TD b Sensitivity amp Peak SPL data these will depend on spectral distribution and crest factor of program material Measured with band limited Pink Noise Nominal refers to Voice Decade 300 Hz 3 kHz Wideband to the specified 3dB range Data are for speaker processor recommended amplifier combinations Peak SPL is at clipping of recommended amplifier c Directivity curves amp data obtained by computer treatment on off axis response curves Omnimount is a registered trade mark of Omnimount Systems Inc Accessories VI 1 b Dimensions H 316mm 12 44 20 28 NEXD 277mm 10 91 528mm 20 79 I om 27 18 4 RI 430mm 16 93 User Manual PS10 PS15 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS p 21 VI 1 c Curves liu SN AMS RESPONSE a8 TOTAL DISTORSION C9 oo y FI CETT IN mr s PPP f c 1 On axis responses PS10 amp PS10 LS500 C2 PS10 LS500 THD for 110 dBSPL 1m MPRDANGE ez Horizontal polar plots left ae upper plot vertical orien
35. ry important that all the amplifiers within an installation have closely matched gains the variation allowed must be less than 0 5 dB This precaution is very important for reliability in the case where only one PS TDcontroller is being used for several cabinets It is also recommended to use the same amplifiers throughout and to check their gain periodically If some different amplifiers must be mixed e g in rental situations at least check their gain and adjust as necessary NEXO recommends the use of low gain amplifiers whenever possible 26 dB being the preferred value as itis quite common The use of high gain amplifiers has a negative effect in terms of signal to noise ratios the delivered noise is increased whilst the maximum voltage level remains the same 4 5 V peak at the input is enough to drive a 26 dB gain 500 W 8 Ohm power amplifier to the onset of clipping The correct use of the back panel PS TDcontroller output level switch prevents excessive degradation of the signal to noise ratio by compensating for high gain amplifiers User Manual PS10 PS15 p 10 TDcontroller USER GUIDE IV TDcontroller USER GUIDE IV 1 Read before use The PS TDcontroller is designed to be used with PS and LSub speaker cabinets Its main functions are to optimize the response of the system when operating with a Sub bass system optional splitting the signal into 2 frequency bands PS main system and Lsub Sub bass system active
36. sly modified according to the position of the rear panel output level switch nominal gain is unity for the 26 dB position 6 dB for the 32 dB position and 12 dB for 38 dB position Left amp Right channels Electronic balance at the output stage reduces spurious noises in case of bad grounding conditions an additional feature of the balanced stage is doubling the voltage swing at the output V 2 Servo Control section Servo control of the PS TDcontroller is normally intended to work with amplifier return signals present at the Sense inputs monitored by front panel LEDs WARNING the following paragraph does not apply to PS10 TDcontrollers with serial numbers below 361 However when no signal is detected on one Sense line an internal signal is automatically substituted for the actual amplifier signal at the input of the servo control path This fall back operation mode allows protection to be maintained even when Sense lines are disconnected It should be nevertheless emphasized that this operation mode will not perform with the same accuracy and reliability as actual feedback and is intended to maintain some protection in accidental situations only User Manual PS10 PS15 TDcontroller REFERENCE GUIDE p 17 V 2 a VCAs and VCEQs Each of the 3 Audio channels Left Right and Sub bass contains two voltage controlled elements driven by servo signals one operates on the whole frequency range wide band VCA the other
37. tation 25 center plot vertical orientation 0 one PA lower plot vertical orientation 25 Vertical polar plot right Cent 5 dB div c 3 Impedance PS10 and LS50 OFF AXIS RESPONSE dB 0 0 1 20 00 c4 oo orizontal plane vertical orientation 25 Gea TEIR 0 0 100 1k c 5 Horizontal plane vertical orientation 0 20 black 30 light 40 dark off axis response OFF AXIS RESPONSE dB 10 000 oo TTT ET 20 00 c 6 Horizontal plane vertical orientation 25 30 black 40 light 50 dark off axis response DIRECTIVITY INDEX dB amp 20 000 Ae E 15 000 GER ras 5 0000 1 Sr 20 1 ppp LLL es San LEE LU A c 8 Horizontal light and vertical black coverage angles 6dB points x oo c7 Directivity index and factor User Manual PS10 PS15 Release 1 31 PS10TD PS15TD Date 29 09 2005 LS500 LS1000 p 22 SPECIFICATIONS CURVES amp DIAGRAMS VI 1 d Connection Diagrams PS10 PS10 PS10 LS 500
38. the connection to the amplifier there is no hot or cold pin the PS TDcontroller being neutral ED ETD regarding the polarity of the signal See d PRERA E In the case where an unbalanced source is connected to the inputs the connections should be made as follows to respect the polarity of the signal if the amplifiers connected to the outputs of the PS TDcontroller are wired pin 3 hot connect the hot pin of the source to pin 3 of the Audio input XLR of the PS TDcontroller if the amplifiers are wired pin 2 hot connect the hot pin of the source to pin 2 of the Audio input XLR In both cases the unused signal pin 2 or 3 respectively will have to be linked to pin 1 grounded IV 3 b Audio Outputs The audio outputs are the three 3 pin male XLRs located in the area labeled Audio OUT The channel corresponding to each output connector is identified by the labels Syst L left channel Syst R right channel and Sub L R mono Sub bass CLA NINE qD Sub L R Syst R Syst L Audio OUT to Amp inputs Signal is applied between pins 2 and 3 pin 1 being connected to ground When used with an amplifier with balanced inputs Amplifier the wiring of the output XLR is simply pin to pin 1 to 1 etc the polarity of the signal being thus respected if the source connected to the input is also balanced see previous section Where an amplifier with unbalanced inputs Amplifier is used the connections shall be as follows where the source conn
39. to functions and indicators dedicated to the optional Sub bass section while right hand window upper label TD contains indicators concerning servo control operation for the PS For more technical details about servo control operation and internal electronic processing please refer to section V V 2 of this Manual User Manual PS10 PS15 TDcontroller USER GUIDE p 11 IV 2 a Turning the LSub channel on On Pushing the button turns the Sub bass channel on Sub L R output which is intended to feed the amplifier s driving the LSub cabinet s Signals within the frequency range below 75 Hz or 120 Hz in case of PS10TD are then reassigned after Left Right summation to this output while the main Left amp Right channels are high pass filtered at this same frequency A red LED lighting up indicates that the Sub bass channel is in operation button pushed When not using Subs this button must be released for proper operation of the PS cabinet IV 2 b Adjusting the LSub level Sub Level The potentiometer adjusts the level on Sub bass channel with a 12 dB range allowing a variety of configurations and application conditions to be matched The 2 standard positions are pictured by icons showing respectively 1 LSub for 1 PS cabinet and 1 LSub for 2 coupled PS cabinets Center position of the knob is adequate for 1 LSub used with 2 distant PS dh e S IV 2 c Amplifier control on LSub C vu gt channel Sense amp Pk oun tova
40. wanted effects action of this signal also improves dynamics control V 2 e Peak Limiter The above mentioned devices provide reliable protection against potential speaker over heating and over excursion Nevertheless driving the cabinets at very high peak voltages with oversized amplifiers as well as delivering distorted signals might be dangerous for the speakers The Peak limiter is both useful for maintaining good sound quality at high levels it will reduce amplifier distortion increasing protection reliability limiting peak voltages to levels that speakers can permanently withstand and reducing the occurrence of subsonic signals delivered by overloaded amps User Manual PS10 PS15 TDcontroller REFERENCE GUIDE p 18 V 3 Electronic block diagram JA dE 41 dsId NAN l 331113 DNIdYHS aN l 331313 ONIdWHS TI 1419 IAJ 4 80193130 F sat Navis T 80103130 ILTA due T 80103131 ND1123S ND1123S 1 NDI123S 1 z nn TOSLNOS n Ay eg ua ca LNOS pn G IIK YA At N n n SuL03130 M317Li DNIdYHS T n 30123130 XYW TLS L2310Nd VOA VOA 4 A INdNI 80123130 ata S 3SN3S n in E d e AdNI A SE 80193130 TE uel 80103130 jSN3S 73437 8n 1 wad MUS E BEER 8 LSAS T Lae SEM IAA am 8 INding Sea 428 3 A 17L4 SSva t1 A D 4 a ans 1nding S io 932 Us x lt Orany g v pL PSs SSS Chee SScce st Se

Download Pdf Manuals

image

Related Search

Related Contents

    Xerox WorkCentre 5645s  BLACK+DECKER TO4314SSD Use and Care Manual    Manual - itech  Chapter 15 - Archivists` Toolkit  INFONET−RX10H リモートルータ 取扱説明書 古河電気工業株式会社  Sporter - TR Imports  

Copyright © All rights reserved.
Failed to retrieve file