31871 Engine Performance TG
Contents
1. AUTOMOTIVE FUNDAMENTALS FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINE PERFORMANCE SHOPWARE INTRODUCTION This Teacher s Guide provides information to help you get the most out of Fundamentals of Engine Performance The contents in this guide will allow you to prepare your students before using the program and present follow up activities to reinforce the program s key learning points The Fundamentals of Engine Performance CD ROM is a self paced computer based learn ing program designed to introduce students to the basic concept of engine performance By covering the purpose function and operation of the primary automotive systems involved in engine performance ignition fuel exhaust and emissions this program explains how the performance of an automobile can be optimized while the emissions produced are minimized On board diagnostics ll OBD II which monitors vehicle conditions associated with exces sive emissions Is also introduced According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics job opportunities in the automotive service field are expected to be on the rise for persons who complete automotive training programs in high school vocational and technical schools or community colleges Employment of auto motive service technicians and mechanics is expected to increase about 10 to 20 percent through the year 2010 Use the Fundamentals of Engine Performance CD ROM and accom panving activities provided in this guide to2. used to demonstrate how these basic components are constructed and how they operate This is a must see for all students of electricity electronics technology courses auto mechan ics and many other subject areas that involve electricitv and electronics ltem no 29276 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 How Your Car Works VHS DVD Meridian Education As you cruise down the road have you ever wondered what Is going on inside your vehicle How does your engine transmission and brake system work What really happens when you turn the ignition key or press down on the gas pedal This video will help you become a resident expert on how a car operates lt will give you enough of a technical vocabulary to communicate with your auto mechanic to read auto enthusiast magazines to talk cars with your friends or to begin serious study of automotive technology If you like cars you will enjoy this very informative entertaining program ltem no 25618 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Multimedia Auto Shop Safetv CD ROM Shopware This multimedia CD ROM uses video animation and still photos to examine the topics of general shop safetv fire safetv and prevention first aid and safe tool use for mechanics The program seeks to foster that professionalism bv describing the safe care and use of hand and power tools wrenches auto bodv tools and measuring devices For Windows Macintosh ltem no 20463 www shopware usa com 1
3. invention of the mechanical fuel pump in the 1920s several fuel delivery sys tems were created that didn t work out too well One such system was the automatic air pump system which delivered fuel to the engine with air pressure This method reguired the driver to keep a hand air pump in the car at all ttmes When the automatic air pump system failed and it did so very often the driver would have to use the hand pump to feed fuel to the engine m f the fuel filter and pump become clogged with debris the volume of fuel pumped to the injectors will be lower A reduction in fuel from the injectors can affect the vehicle during high speed driving conditions The vehicle will act as if it is running out of fuel and won t maintain a steady speed m In older vehicles carburetors were used in place of electronic fuel injection Carburetors operated by storing small guantities of fuel in a bowl until incoming air created suction that drew the fuel through metered ports Then air and fuel were mixed and delivered to the intake manifold Carburetors are difficult to control electronically and result in more emis sions Electronic fuel injection can be precisely controlled to reduce emissions under more driving conditions m The word smog comes from the terms smoke and fog Smog contains various pollu tants one of which is ozone Ozone is a colorless gas formed from three oxygen atoms Oxides of nitrogen one of the by products of combustion combin
4. provide students with a thorough introduction to the systems involved in engine performance as well as on board diagnosis of engine per formance issues LEARNING OBJECTIVES After viewing the program students will be able to m Describe engine performance m Identify the primary systems related to engine performance including the ignition fuel exhaust and emissions systems m Describe the purpose and function of the ignition fuel exhaust and emissions systems m Describe the operation of the ignition fuel exhaust and emissions systems w Identify the purpose and function of on board diagnostics ll OBD II EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS This CD ROM correlates with the Program Certification Standards for Automobile Technician Training Programs from the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence ASE and the National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation NATEF The content has been aligned with the following educational standards and benchmarks from these organizations Copyright 0 2004 SHOPWARE Introduction to Auto Shop and Personal Safety Identifv general shop safety rules and procedures Utilize safe procedures for handling of tools and equipment Identifv and use proper placement of floor jacks and jack stands Identify and use proper procedures for safe lift operation Utilize proper ventilation procedures for working within the lab shop area Identifv marked safety areas Identify the location and us
5. 800 487 3392 Safety First Auto Shop Safety VHS DVD Cambridge Educational Shows the proper way to operate hydraulic jacks lifts and chain falls Also covers the proper procedure for recharging batteries disposing of old batteries and how to handle battery acid and other corrosive materials The best way to clean oil spills to prevent falls is discussed along with preventing fires and how to contain a fire if one should occur Provides a step bv step procedure for pulling a car into a shop and discusses the importance of proper ventila tion to prevent asphyxiation Also covers the safe way to remove the radiator cap on a vehicle that has overheated ltem no 14466 www cambridgeeducational com 1 800 468 4227 SHOPWARE P O Box 921 Monmouth Junction NJ 08852 0921 www shopware usa com Call Toll Free 800 487 3392 31871
6. affect the guality of our environment Based on what you have learned about automobile emissions what changes do you think should be made to automobiles to pro tect the environment 4 OBD II has been developed in response to increasingly tougher emissions laws from the Environmental Protection Agency EPA Many car manufacturers debate whether or not the science behind these rules is valid What is your opinion on these emissions laws Are they necessary 9 What safety considerations should be kept in mind when working with the ignition system With the fuel system With the exhaust and emissions systems What are some stan dard pieces of safety eguipment that should always be on hand when making these types of repairs GROUP ACTIVITIES Fuel System Mix Up Have students work in small groups to create a hand drawn diagram that accurately depicts the major parts of the fuel system with each part labeled They should use a heavy cardboard or card stock paper After creating the diagram students should cut the diagram up jigsaw puzzle style so that each part stands alone After all groups have created their fuel system puzzles have them exchange puzzles and work to appropriately reconstruct the fuel system that another group has created At the same time the groups can grade each other on the accuracy of layout and design Engine Performance Component Design Organize the class into small groups Have each group design an original poster tha
7. ain this site to give you the latest possible information avail able through AERA www aera org SAE The Society of Automotive Engineers One stop resource for technical information and expertise used in designing building main taining and operating self propelled vehicles for use on land or sea in air or space www sae org ASA Automotive Service Association Since 1951 ASA has been the leading organization for owners and managers of automotive service businesses that strive to deliver excellence in service and repairs to consumers www asashop org IATN International Automotive Technicians Network Largest network of automotive technicians in the world with 45 774 professional automotive technicians from 130 countries Mission is To promote the continued growth success and image of the professional automotive technician by providing a forum for the exchange of knowledge and the promotion of education professionalism and integrity www latn net OTHERPRODUCTS gt gt P Automotive Engines VHS DVD Meridian Education At the heart of every automobile is the engine this series of videos not only explains the engine s basic operating principles but provides clear instruction for its maintenance and repair Using close ups of actual working parts along with computer animation this set of eight videos covers every major part of a gasoline driven engine Each video summarizes the operation and construction of r
8. clude information regarding problem resolu tion and the results of the work performed for the customer or manufacturer m Comprehend and apply industry definitions and specifications to diagnose and solve prob lems in all automotive systems and components m Follow all oral written directions that relate to the task or system under study m Comprehend and use problem solving techniques and decision trees that are contained in service manuals to determine cause and effect relationships MI Scan service manuals and databases to locate specific information for problem solving purposes m Use the service manual to identify the manufacturer s specifications for system parame ters operation and potential malfunctions m Interpret charts tables or graphs to determine the manufacturer s specifications for sys tem operation to identify out of tolerance systems and subsystems M Supply clarifying information to customers associates parts supplier and supervisors Standards for the English Language Arts by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English Copyright 1996 by the International Reading Association and the National Council of Teachers of English Reprinted with permission Technology Standards The activities in this Teacher s Guide were created in compliance with the National Education Technology Standards from the National Education Technology Standards Project ml Students are proficie
9. distributorless ignition systems there are fewer mechanical components to maintain Most new vehicles today don t require a tune up until 100 000 miles and then a tune up means replacing spark plugs and possibly wires m Materials that allow electricity to flow easily are called conductors Materials that resist the flow of electricitv are called insulators Air strongly resists the flow of electricity Electricitv can flow through air but it takes a great deal of pressure to get the electricity moving The pressure that gets electricity flowing is called voltage m Be careful when working on ignition components like the ignition coil plug wires and plugs lt is possible to experience an electrical shock from these components when the engine Is running E Sometimes when you accelerate quickly your engine makes a pinging sound The ping ing Is caused by excessive heat in the combustion chamber Advanced spark timing can cause excessive heat Modern vehicles are eguipped with electronic sensors that monitor ping and knock in the engine When they sense it they automatically retard spark timing to help eliminate the ping or knock m When working on the fuel system you may need to depressurize the fuel system before working on any fuel system components Some vehicles have a check valve in the fuel system to allow you to do this Failure to depressurize the system can result in injuries from physical contact with fuel spray m Before the
10. e of fire blankets Identifv the location and the types of fire extinguishers demonstrate knowledge of the pro cedures for using fire extinguishers m Identify the location and use of eye wash stations m Identify the location of the posted evacuation routes m Comply with the required use of safety glasses gloves shoes during lab shop activities m Identify and wear appropriate clothing for lab shop activities m Comply with appropriate hairstyles for lab shop activities Tools and Equipment m Identify tools and their usage in automotive applications m Identify standard and metric designation m Demonstrate safe handling and use of appropriate tools m Demonstrate proper cleaning storage and maintenance of tools and equipment Ignition System m Diagnose ignition system related problems such as no starting hard starting engine mis fire poor driveability soark knock power loss poor mileage and emissions concerns on vehicles with electronic ignition distributorless systems determine necessary action m Inspect and test ignition primary circuit wiring and solid state components perform neces Sary action m Inspect test and service distributor m Inspect and test ignition system secondary circuit wiring and components perform neces sary action Inspect and test ignition coil s perform necessary action Check and adjust ignition system timing and timing advance retard where applicable Inspect and test ignitio
11. e service managers service engineers automotive writers or even auto tech nology teachers ltem no 24924 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Career Encounters Automotive VHS DVD Meridian Education This three part series provides a detailed look at the career of an ASE certified auto techni clan an alternative fuels vehicle technician and an auto parts specialist outlining the training and personal skills needed to succeed in each The series includes A ternative Fuels Vehicle Technician Auto Parts Specialist Automotive Technicians Item no 24929 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Electrical Components Part Resistors Batteries Switches VHS DVD Meridian Education Fixed resistors variable resistors ballast resistors batteries and various types of switches are explained in this program Computer animation component cutaways and lab experi ments are used to demonstrate how these basic components function This is an informative video that will strengthen your curriculum lt is ideal for classes in electricitv electronics tech nology auto mechanics and other technical areas Item no 25277 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Electrical Components Part ll Capacitors Fuses Flashers Coils VHS DVD Meridian Education Capacitors fuses fuse links circuit breakers flashers coils and other devices are discussed in this training tape Computer animation component cutaways and lab experiments are
12. e with oxygen in the air to form ozone on hot sunny days Automobiles are a major contributor of ozone Fortunately ozone levels have decreased in recent years partially due to more efficient vehicle exhaust and emission systems mw Catalytic converters must reach a temperature of 260 C to 538 C 500 F to 1 000 F to operate efficiently On a cold winter s day the catalytic converter doesn t eliminate any exhaust emissions until it warms up m Repeatedly overtilling your fuel tank will cause liquid fuel to enter the evaporative fuel sys tem If too much liquid fuel gets into the vapor canister the charcoal inside the canister breaks up damaging the canister and clogging the purge hose and valve m Vehicles have an emission control label under the hood To determine whether a vehicle has OBD II look for the words OBD II on the label m Any modifications to a vehicle s emission control system that alters its design from the configuration that was originally certified by the federal government is considered tamper ing and is a federal offense This applies to both repair facilities and vehicle owners Neither can alter the original design of the emission control systems For example the cat alyst in a catalytic converter is very expensive and replacing the catalytic converter can be costly Replacing a catalytic converter with a straight pipe would be considered tampering and therefore illegal VOCABULARY TERMS Advanced
13. elated components as well as demonstrating many important techniques for troubleshooting problems and the best methods for repair The videos also demonstrate how to inspect organize and measure engine parts check for damage and dis assemble and reassemble an engine They briefly cover some machine shop operations such 17 as grinding valves and seats checking guide wear and checking head warpage The series includes Cylinder Head Service Engine Bottom End Construction Engine leardown Cleaning Inspection Engine Front End Construction Engine Fundamentals Engine Reassembly Engine Top End Construction Short Block Service Item no 24751 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Automotive Maintenance and Safety VHS DVD Meridian Education Combines four safety videos in various subject areas to provide a comprehensive look at this important topic The series includes Auto Shop Safety Automotive Measurements Basic Car Care Vehicle Maintenance ltem no 29064 www meridianeducation com 1 800 727 5507 Automotive Technicians VHS DVD Meridian Education Sponsored by the National Technician Education Foundation this program explores automo bile repair and collision repair NATEF works closely with Automotive Service Excellent ASE the nation s only industry wide certification program for automotive technicians Technicians with a sound education have a choice of career avenues Aside from fixing cars and trucks they can becom
14. gh which current will not flow Examples include plastic glass ceramic rubber and air Ignition system The system that provides the electrical current or spark to ignite the air fuel mixture in the combustion chambers 9 Ignition timing The spark coming from the spark plugs igniting the air fuel mixture at the cor rect moment determined by the manufacturer of the engine Often this is a few degrees before top dead center BTDC Incorrect ignition timing may result in poor performance and excessive fuel consumption Intake manifold The connecting tubes between the base of the throttle body and the port openings to the intake valve or intake ports lts purpose is to transfer the air fuel mixture to each cylinder Internal combustion engine An engine that burns fuel within itself as a means of develop ing power unlike an external combustion engine such as a steam engine Although the term Internal combustion engine covers all types of reciprocating and rotary engines it is typical ly used with reference to four stroke gasoline and diesel engines Nitrogen NOx In the combustion process nitrogen from the air combines with oxygen to form nitrogen oxides such as nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide Nitric oxide is the main oxide of nitrogen emitted in raw exhaust gas typically 9090 nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide are severely toxic gases OBD II On board diagnostics second generation this is software that monitors the vehic
15. il of Teachers of English Using these standards the ASE NATEF organizations have compiled the following list of language arts and communication skills for automotive service personnel Using these skills an automotive technician must be able to m Request collect comprehend evaluate and apply oral and written information gathered from customers associates and supervisors regarding problem symptoms and potential solutions to problems m Identify the purpose for all written and oral communication and then choose the most effective strategies for listening reading speaking and writing to facilitate the communica tion process m Adapt a reading strategy for all written materials e g customer s notes service manuals shop manuals technical bulletins etc relevant to problem identification diagnosis solu tion and repair m Attend to verbal and nonverbal cues in discussions with customers Supervisors and asso ciates to verify identify and solve problems m Use study habits and techniques i e previewing scanning skimming taking notes etc when reviewing publications shop manuals references databases operator s manuals and text resources for problem solving diagnosis and repair m Use prior knowledge learned from solving similar problems to diagnose and repair specific problems m Write clear concise complete and grammatically accurate sentences and paragraphs m Write warranty reports and work orders to in
16. ity A term referring to how well the vehicle runs EGR system EGR A system used to control oxides of nitrogen NOx The exhaust gases are recirculated lowering the engine combustion temperature thereby reducing engine pollu tants Electrode A device that provides a path for electrical power to flow Exhaust manifold The connecting pipes between the exhaust ports of each cylinder and the exhaust pipe It is usually made of cast iron Four stroke combustion cycle An internal combustion engine that requires two revolutions per cylinder or four piston strokes to achieve an intake stroke compression stroke power stroke and exhaust stroke More efficient than the two stroke cycle engine Also called the Otto cycle Fuel injector A device that injects the proper amount of fuel into the combustion chamber Fuel pressure regulator A pressure activated diaphragm valve that maintains the pressure in a fuel system to a pre set value above manifold pressure particularly in a fuel injection sys tem Fuel rails A special manifold designed to provide a large reservoir of pressurized fuel for the fuel injectors which are attached between the rail and the cylinder head The fuel rail also serves as a mounting place for the fuel pressure regulator Hydrocarbons HC A dangerous gas that comes from the evaporation of liguid fuel evapo rative emission or fuel that is not burned during combustion exhaust emission Insulators A material throu
17. le for errors during normal vehicle operations When the vehicle is serviced this information on the errors can be downloaded and displayed to the service personnel which will facilitate the troubleshooting process Oxides of nitrogen NOx A byproduct of combustion at temperatures exceeding approxi mately 13727 C 2500 F Retarded spark Condition in which spark occurs later or less degrees before TDC Spark duration The length of time a spark is maintained in a combustion chamber Spark timing How early or late the spark plug fires in relation to the position of the piston during the compression stroke Throttle body A housing containing a valve to regulate the airflow through the intake mani fold Top dead center TDC Highest point of piston and connecting rod travel in a cylinder the ends of the compression exhaust strokes in a four cycle engine Voltage The pressure that causes electricity to flow PRE PROGRAM DISCUSSION OUESTIONS Use the following questions with students before they view the program These questions will help students begin to consider the issues and content discussed in the program so that they will be more aware of information as it is presented The questions will also help spark an interest in the content of the program The guestions may be used in a classroom setting or provided for students to consider on their own 1 A process called combustion converts fuel and air into power Which systems wi
18. n system pick up sensor or triggering devices perform necessary action Fuel System m Diagnose hot or cold no starting hard starting poor driveability incorrect idle speed poor idle flooding hesitation surging engine misfire power loss stalling poor mileage diesel ing and emissions problems on vehicles with carburetor type fuel systems determine nec essary action m Check fuel for contaminants and quality determine necessary action Mm Inspect and test mechanical and electrical fuel pumps and pump control systems for pres sure regulation and volume perform necessary action m Replace fuel filters m Inspect and test cold enrichment system and components perform necessary action m Inspect throttle body air induction system intake manifold and gaskets for vacuum leaks and or unmetered air E Inspect and test fuel injectors m Check idle speed and fuel mixture mw Adjust idle speed and fuel mixture Exhaust and Emissions Systems m Diagnose hot or cold no starting hard starting poor driveability incorrect idle speed poor idle flooding hesitation surging engine misfire power loss stalling poor mileage diesel ing and emissions problems on vehicles with carburetor type fuel systems determine nec essary action m Inspect the integrity of the exhaust manifold exhaust pipes muffler s catalytic converter s resonator s tail pipe s and heat shield s perform necessary action m Perform exhaust
19. nt in the use of technology mi Students use technology tools to enhance learning increase productivity and promote creativity M Students use productivity tools to collaborate in constructing technology enhanced mod els prepare publications and produce other creative works m Students use telecommunications to collaborate publish and interact with peers experts and other audiences Mm Students use a variety of media and formats to communicate information and ideas effec tively to multiple audiences M Students use technology to locate evaluate and collect information from a variety of sources PROGRAM OVERVIEW This CD ROM introduces the basic concept of engine performance By covering the pur pose function and operation of the primary automotive systems involved in engine perform ance ignition fuel exhaust and emissions this program explains how the performance of an automobile can be optimized while the emissions produced are minimized On board diag nostics ll OBD II which monitors vehicle conditions associated with excessive emissions is also introduced MAIN TOPICS Topic 1 Introduction The Introduction provides an overview of what the course covers listing the lesson names and their significance The introduction is designed to spark interest in the course and moti vate the user to want to view the rest of the course The objectives of the course are also identified Topic 2 Ignition System The Igniti
20. on System lesson describes the purpose and function of the ignition system and identifies and explains the function and operation of the components of the ignition system Topic 3 Fuel System The Fuel System lesson describes the purpose and function of the fuel system and identifies and explains the function and operation of the components of the fuel system Topic 4 Exhaust and Emissions Systems The Exhaust and Emissions Systems lesson describes the purpose and function of the exhaust and emissions systems and identifies and explains the function and operation of the components of the exhaust and emissions systems Topic 5 On board Diagnostics II OBD II The On board Diagnostics ll OBD II lesson defines on board diagnostics ll and explains why it exists and what it accomplishes Topic 6 Final Review The Final Review includes an interactive assessment covering the objectives of the course FAST FACTS m In 1904 Frenchman Albert Champion founded the Champion Ignition Company in Flint Michigan In 1908 after having problems with investors Champion left the company and founded AC Spark Plug Company which eventually became the AC Delco Division in General Motors With every AC and Champion spark plug manufactured Albert Champion s name lives on m In the past vehicles required tune ups every 30 000 miles A tune up consisted of replac ing the distributor cap and rotor spark plugs and spark plug wires With the introduction of
21. rd computer to make adjustments that will reduce emissions A d It sends signals to the vehicle s on board computer to make adjustments that will reduce emissions Feedback The OBD II monitors emission related components communicates any malfunc tions to the vehicle operator and records malfunction information that will assist an automo tive technician in identifving and fixing the problem O How does an OBD II monitor know when a malfunction has occurred Explain A The OBD II uses software to compare the results of a performed test to pre specified lim its ADDITIONAL RESOURCES National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence ASE www asecert org National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation NATEF www natef org Auto Repair Info www auto repair info com Automotive Service Association ASA www asashop org Automotive Youth Educational Systems AYES www ayes org Concept Carz Prototype Vehicles www conceptcarz com Do It Yourself Network click on Automotive Repair www diynet com AutoSite Maintenance Beyond the Basics An Automotive Encyclopedia www autosite com garage encyclop tocdoc asp ALLDATA LLC Leader in Automotive Information www alldata com MotorCareers Internet Career Center for the Automotive and Trucking World www motorcareers com Autotech USA Career Networking for Automotive Truck and Oollision Repair Technicians www autotechsusa com U S Bureau of Labor Sta
22. search if necessary and then provide a diagram or written paper that labels the different types of spark timing Advanced Top Dead Center Retarded and explains when each may occur Also ask students to describe a scenario in which a retard ed spark may be beneficial Engine Performance Education Instruct students to imagine that they own an auto repair shop Ask them to create a poster for the waiting room explaining to their customers what engine performance means Information can be used from the CD ROM as well as the Internet and other sources The poster should include tips on how drivers can get the best engine performance from their car These completed posters can be displayed throughout the classroom Evolution of the Engine Have students research various engines that have been used since the creation of the auto mobile Currenily the internal combustion engine is used in automobiles What are the bene fits of this current engine over others used throughout history Ask students to create a poster paper or other communication method of their choice to explain the history of engines and the reasons why improvements and new designs were created Students should include pictures of each type of engine as well as a timeline that shows when each type of engine was introduced Students should also note the first type of car that used each engine type as well as who created the engine INTERNET ACTIVITIES Emissions and the En
23. spark Condition in which the spark plug fires early in the compression stroke Bottom dead center BDC The lowest location the top of the piston reaches within the cylinder Carbon dioxide CO2 A colorless odorless non toxic gas that is a product of breathing and of the combustion process Carbon monoxide CO A dangerous gas formed as a product of the incomplete combus tion due to the lack of oxygen Catalytic converter A pollution control device found on the exhaust system of all cars since its introduction in 1974 which acts as an afterburner to reburn unburned gas in the tail pipe The catalytic converter looks like a small muffler and is usually made of stainless steel It con tains platinum rhodium or palladium which is a catalyst for the chemical reaction needed to burn off any unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide by turning them into water vapor carbon dioxide and other less toxic gases Combustion chamber The volume of the space in the cylinder above the piston with the piston at top dead center TDO in the compression stroke The head of the piston the cylin der walls and the head form the chamber Conductor A material through which electricity will flow Examples include copper steel alu minum carbon and other metals Cylinder The hollow tubular cavity in the cylinder block in which the piston travels and in which combustion takes place Typically made of cast iron and formed as a part of the block Drivabil
24. system back pressure test determine necessary action m Test the operation of turbocharger supercharger systems determine necessary action m Diagnose oil leaks emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in the positive crankcase ventilation PCV system determine necessary action mw Inspect test and service positive crankcase ventilation PCV filter breather cap valve tubes orifices and hoses perform necessary action m Diagnose emissions and driveability problems caused by malfunctions in the exhaust gas recirculation EGR system determine necessary action E Inspect test service and replace components of the EGR system including EGR tubing exhaust passages vacuum pressure controls filters and hoses perform necessary action E Inspect and test electrical electronic sensors controls and wiring of exhaust gas recircula tion EGR systems perform necessary action m Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in the secondary air injection and catalytic converter systems determine necessary action m Inspect and test mechanical components of secondary air injection systems perform nec essary action m Inspect and test electrical electronically operated components and circuits of air injection systems perform necessary action m Inspect and test catalytic converter performance m Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in the intake air
25. t explains how one of the systems covered in the program functions the ignition system the fuel sys 11 tem or the exhaust and emissions systems The poster should include an explanation of the components in the system a description of the functionality purpose of each component and how the components work together in the operation of the system If necessary conduct research to find explain additional components for the system not detailed in the CD ROM content Encourage students to relate their findings to engine performance As an alternative students as a group can assemble a model of one of the systems using ordinary household items to represent the components in the system e g using straws wire paperclips rubber bands cardboard boxes etc At the conclusion of this activity students should be given the opportunity to present their posters models to the entire class Invite students to comment on the accuracy of design System Sleuths Gather pictures or actual components of ignition and fuel systems Working in teams chal lenge students to sort these components into their proper systems For extra credit students can put the parts together in the correct order Alternately provide students with most of the parts for a given system and have them identify what is missing INDIVIDUAL STUDENT PROJECTS Spark Timing How does spark timing affect engine performance Ask students to review the CD ROM perform additional re
26. temperature control system determine necessary action m Inspect and test components of intake air temperature control system perform necessary action m Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in the early fuel evaporation control system determine necessary action m Inspect and test components of early fuel evaporation control system perform necessary action m Diagnose emissions and driveability problems resulting from malfunctions in the evapora tive emissions control system determine necessary action m Inspect and test components and hoses of evaporative emissions control system perform necessary action mw Interpret evaporative emission related diagnostic trouble codes DTCs determine neces sary action 4 On Board Diagnostics II OBD II m Retrieve and record stored OBD II diagnostic trouble codes clear codes m Diagnose the causes of emissions or driveability concerns resulting from malfunctions in the computerized engine control system with stored diagnostic trouble codes m Diagnose emissions or driveability concerns resulting from malfunctions in the computer ized engine control system with no stored diagnostic trouble codes determine necessary action m Check for module communication errors using a scan tool Language Arts Standards The activities in this Teacher s Guide were created in compliance with the National Standards for the English Language Arts from the National Counc
27. thin the automobile do you think are most vital to the combustion process Why 2 Automobile emissions are an environmental hazard and automobile manufacturers are working hard to reduce these emissions What do you think causes emissions In your opinion what is the best way to reduce emissions 3 Why do you think carburetors are being replaced by electronic fuel injection systems How does this change affect emissions 4 The temperature plays a role in automobile performance How do you think the weather affects automobile exhaust emissions 5 Which is you favorite automobile Describe the specifics of the engine performance of this car What makes this car your favorite POST PROGRAM DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Use these questions with students after viewing the program These questions will encour age students to think about the subject matter presented in the program and apply what they have learned as well as think beyond the core content These questions may be used in a classroom setting or for students to consider on their own 1 Why is it important to depressurize the fuel system prior to making repairs What do you think the conseguences would be of failing to take this step 2 How have improvements in engine construction increased the amount of time between tune ups What systems can still be mproved to provide even greater efficiency for auto mobile owners What recommendations for mprovement would you make 3 Emissions
28. tistics BLS Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics www bls gov oco ocos181 htm Automotive Handbook 5th Ed by Robert Bosch Society of Automotive Engineers 2000 Automotive Engine Performance by James D Halderman 1st Edition Prentice Hall 2003 Automotive Engine Repair and Rebuilding 2nd Edition by Barry Hollembeak Don Knowles Delmar Thomson Learning 2002 How Cars Work 1st Edition by Tom Newton Black Apple Press 1999 Automotive Service Basics 4th Edition by Donald W Patten John Remling Prentice Hall 2002 Auto Fundamentals How and Why of the Design Construction and Operation of Automobiles Applicable to All Makes and Models by Martin W Stockel Martin T Stockel Chris Johanson Goodheart Willcox Co 2000 Auto Diagnosis Service and Repair by Martin W Stockel Martin T Stockel Chris Johanson Goodheart Willcox Co 2003 Automotive Encyclopedia Fundamental Principles Operation Construction Service and Repair by William K Toboldt W Scott Gauthier Goodheart Willcox Automotive Encyclopedia 2000 Classroom Manual for Basic Automotive Service and Systems 2nd Edition by Jay Webster Clifton E Owen Delmar 2000 ORGANIZATIONS AERA Engine Rebuilders Association Located in Buffalo Grove lllinois AERA is a not for profit trade association serving the engine rebuilder remanufacturing industry machine shops eguipment and parts and services suppliers since 1922 We maint
29. turbine htm to learn more about gas turbine engines Then compare and contrast gas turbine engines with diesel engines in a written paper Some points to consider e What are the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine engines and diesel engines e Is there anything that can be learned from the gas turbine engine that would improve the performance of the diesel engine How does combustion in a turbine engine compare to combustion in a diesel engine What is the same What is different ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS Assessment Ouestions will allow teachers to test the students understanding and compre hension of the program s content O Which item is not required for combustion a Air b Fuel c Nitrogen d Spark A c Nitrogen Feedback In order for the engine to operate it needs fuel air and spark Nitrogen is not required Q Which is a true statement about the distributor less ignition system a Mechanical functions are done electronically b They do not use plug wires c Fewer volts are required to produce a spark than with distributor type ignitions d Every spark plug has its own coll A a Mechanical functions are done electronically Feedback Mechanical functions in a distributor less ignition system are performed electroni cally Q What is the purpose of the ignition coil A The ignition coil produces high voltage from low voltage O Which component is part of the fuel delivery s
30. vironment Exhaust emissions cause harmful gasses to escape into the air creating smog and affecting the ozone laver Using the Internet have students identify the types of gasses that escape from automobiles and create a graph that shows over the last seven years the total emis sions from burning fossil fuel Then explain the specifics what changes have been made to exhaust systems to affect the changes seen in the graph What correlations can be made Provide students with the following websites to begin their research U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA Transportation and Air Ouality www epa gov otag consumer O5 autos pdf U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA Global Warming Publications http yosemite epa gov oar globalwarming nsf content ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmi ssions html Does Your Car Have OBD II Using the OBD II website www obdii com have students identify where they can look on a car to determine if it has OBD II Then have students determine whether their car or their family s car has OBD II by using the list on the website Compile a class list that includes make model and year of cars so that students can see the years makes models that include OBD II Turbine vs Diesel Gas turbine engines are also internal combustion engines however they work differently from diesel engines Many commercial jets use gas turbine engines Visit How Stuff Works at http travel howstuffworks com
31. ystem a Fuel tank b Fuel injector c Fuel pump d Fuel lines A b Fuel injector Feedback The fuel injector delivers fuel to the combustion chamber and is a component of the fuel delivery system O What is the purpose of the fuel injection system A The fuel injection system mixes air and fuel prior to distributing it into the combustion chamber O is a harmful by product of combustion A Carbon monoxide CO Feedback Carbon monoxide CO is a harmful gas that results from combustion O Which is a cause of hydrocarbon emissions a Insufficient spark b Restricted air filter c Overly rich fuel mixture d Oil contaminated with fuel A b Restricted air filter Feedback A restricted air filter will output hydrocarbon O Which component decreases oxides of nitrogen by sending some exhaust gases back to the engine which lowers the combustion chamber temperature a The catalytic converter b The EVAP system c The EGR valve d The fuel canister A c The EGR valve Feedback The EGR valve distributes exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber O What is not a true statement about OBD II a lt monitors virtually all emission related components b It iluminates a warning light on the instrument panel to alert the driver of a malfunc tion d It stores information about the malfunction that helps an automotive technician diag nose and repair the problem d It sends signals to the vehicle s on boa
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