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1. selects triggering on either positive or negative slope of input signal See 7 OUTPUT MARKER A Inverted channel A schmitt trigger output indicates when channel A has triggered 0 to 100 mV level into 500 with less than 20 ns delay ATTEN switch Selects attenuation of input signal Signal amplitude is reduced by 2 in X2 and by 20 in X20 When input amplifier control switch is in COM A channel B attenuation is still determined by channel B attenuation switch OUTPUT MARKER T I A B Output is high during the time interval measured by the counter 0 to 50 mV level into 500 with less than 20 ns delay Coupling switch G Selects ac or dc coupling for input signal When input amplifier control switch is in COM A channel B coupling is determined by the setting of the channel A coupling switch Channel inputs B Input channels A and B Trigger lights Lights blinks when its channel is triggering Light is OFF when input signal is below the trigger level Light is ON when input signal is above trigger level See 6 See 14 Delay switch Delay mode is activated by inner concentric knob on channel A LEVEL control Red LED indicates when lighted that delay is active To activate turn knob clockwise out of detent position The delay disables the input from triggering for periods of time from 20 us to 20 ms The amount of delay is measured by placing the FUNCTION switch to T I A
2. rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality Technology Group new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EOUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used eguipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF Instra REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com 7 information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED naia ala d Contact us 388 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com UNIVERSAL COUNTER 5328A Including Options 010 011 020 021 030 and 040 USERS MANUAL Unless otherwise specified by a Manual Change Sheet this manual applies to all Hewlett Packard Model 5328A Universal Counters and the Options described in Section I Copyright HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY 1975 5301 STEVENS CREEK BLVD SANTA CLARA CALIF 95050 Printed APR 1975 PRINTED IN U S A MANUAL PART NUMBER 05328 90002 MICROFICHE PART NUMBER 05328 90010 HEWLETT hp PACKARD Artisan
3. 3 45 For period measurements however this uncertainty produces like error in the time the gate is open since it is this signal that controls the gate It can be shown that with essentially low frequency noise and a signal to noise ratio of 40 dB the resultant worst case trigger error is 32 of the period Thus the trigger error in the measurement of the period of a 1 kHz signal is 3 2x 103 x 10 3 3 2 usec worst case For 60 dB S N worst case error is 032 while for a 20 dB S N signal it is 3 2 3 46 For an arbitrary waveshape but constant slew rate through the hysteresis band the trigger error takes on a different expression In Figure 3 7 it is shown that for this case the trigger s 2 x peak noise voltage signal slew rate For a 40 dB S N this translates to 0025 usec signal slew rate V usec 3 47 For time interval measurements trigger error is generally negligible when compared to the systematic error introduced by the uncertainty in the setting of trigger levels For an uncertainty in trigger level of 10 mV and a peak noise voltage of 1 mV trigger error is a factor of 5 less than the error caused by trigger level uncertainty regardless of signal slew rate For example trigger level uncertainty of 10 mV on a 100 mV ns signal introduces an error in the time interval measurement of 0 1 ns The trigger error for such a signal with 1 mV peak noise is less than 02 ns a factor of five less Averaging reduces the tri
4. Figure 3 13 Model 5328A Option 021 High Performance DVM Front Panel Operation Summary 3 17 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 6 READ B When depressed measures channel B trigger level regardless of setting of FUNCTION switch 7 READ A When depressed measures channel A trigger level regardless of setting of FUNCTION switch NOTE The V annunciator on the display indicates that READ A or READ B is depressed 8 Access hole Access to DVM zero adjustment The label TRIGGER LEVEL pertains to the READ A and READ B switches Figure 3 13 Model 5328A Option 021 High Performance DVM Front Panel Operation Summary Continued Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 48 FUNCTION OF CONTROLS INDICATORS INPUTS AND OUTPUTS 3 49 The following paragraphs provide a detailed description of the function of controls indicators and connectors 3 50 Display 3 51 The 5328A display consists of an 8 or 9 with the Option 030 channel C digit numeric seven segment LED display and annunciators for indicating the measurement units of Hz SEC and VOLTS as well as M 10 6 or 10 3 k 10 3 u 1076 and n 109 or 10 9 These display units and multipliers are automatically displayed along with the correct decimal point location Overflow OF indic
5. ons timebase error no intervals averaged with opt 040 The opt 040 has a jittered clock in time interval averaging for those cases when the input is coherent with the 5328A s clock frequency Minimum pulse width 25 ns 10 ns with opt 040 Minimum dead time 150 ns 40 ns ith opt 040 and maxi mum repetition rate of 10 MHz dead time is the time between the preceding time interval s stop event and the current time interval s start event RATIO MEASUREMENTS B A and C A standard and option 040 The ratio of the frequency at B or C for C A function when option 030 is installed to the frequency at A is measured for N counts of A where N is selected by the resolution switch N 1 to 107 Range A 0 10 MHz B 0 100 MHz C 5 512 MHz Resolution 1 part in ox N ork x N Accuracy 1 count of B or C trigger error of A x freq of B or C N 1 For N 1 add 120 ns x freq of B or C 12 ns x freq of B or C with Opt 040 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A General Information Table 1 3 Specifications Continued DIGITAL VOLTMETER MEASUREMENTS TOTALIZING AND SCALING MEASUREMENTS DVM option 020 and 021 Trigger levels of input channels Start A standard and option 040 The number of counts at A and B and external voltages may be measured t OPT 020 Maximum Sensitivity Meas
6. 10 Model 5328A Option 040 Front Panel Operation Summary Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation START CLOCK A phantom function located 1 switch position clockwise from STOP Totalizes the internal 10 MHz clock N where N is selected by the RESOLUTION switch N 10 The scaled output i e 10 MHz N is available at the time base out rear panel connector DVM A A phantom function located 2 switch positions clockwise from STOP Used for scaling DVM measurements Counter displays DVM freq A where freq A s10 MHz N selects the number of events at A over which the measurement is made DVM AB A phantom function located 3 switch positions to the right of STOP The voltage at the DVM terminals is integrated over the synchronized time interval defined by events at channels A and B Units of the displayed reading are volteseconds FREQ A Sets counter to measure frequency at channel A PER A Sets counter to measure period at channel A PER AVG A Sets counter to make a period average measurment of the signal at channel A The number of periods over which the average measurement is made is determined by N selected by the RESOLUTION switch RATIO B A Sets counter to measure the ratio of the frequency at channel B to the frequency at channel A T I A B Sets counter to make a time interval measurement Start signal is applied to c
7. 2 2 11 To accommodate the different power receptacles used throughout the world this instrument is supplied with one of the power cables shown in Figure 2 1 The cable supplied for use in the United States meets the specifications established by the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC The male connector of this cable isa NEMA type and the female connector is a C E E type 2 12 Connect the power cable to a power source receptacle that has a grounded third conductor If the line power receptacle is a two pin type instead of a three pin receptacle use a two to three pin adapter HP Part No 8120 1348 for USA applications and connect the green lead on the adapter to earth ground See warning above If your counter is tobe operated with 220 240 Vacline power an Underwriters Laboratories listed connector should be used to connect power 2 13 Operating Environment 2 14 Maximum and minimum allowable operating temperatures are listed in Table 1 3 If these limits are exceeded at the installation site auxiliary cooling or heating should be used to keep the environment within limits A 1 inch space above the counter should be clear to allow cooling air circulation The fan intake at rear is to be kept clear 2 15 Bench Operation 2 16 The instrument cabinet has plastic feet and foldaway tilt stands for convenience in bench operation The tilt stands permit inclining the instrument for ease in using front panel controls and ind
8. Clock 3 DVM A F4 Freq A TF5 DVM T 1 ASB F6 Period A F7 Period Avg A F8 T I A B F9 NeB A F T I Avg A B F Events C T I AB F lt Check NeC A F gt Freg C F DVM tFunctions not labeled on instrument front panel see Figure 3 8 3 Time Base Codes Code Freg Res Multiplier Time Res Std Time Res Opt 040 Gp 1 MHz 1 100 ns 10 ns G1 100 kHz 10 1 us 100 ns G2 10 kHz 102 10 us 1 us G3 1 kHz 10 100 us 10 us G4 100 Hz 104 1 ms 100 us G5 10 Hz 105 10 ms 1 ms G6 1 Hz 106 100 ms 10 ms G7 0 1 Hz 107 1s 100 ms 4 Single Multiple Measurement S8 Single Measurement 1 Multiple Measurement 5 Measurement Cycle 2 Wait to output Service Request at end of measurement S3 Continue cycle no Service Request 6 Output Mode S4 Output at end o measurement S5 Output when addressed on the fly Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming Table 5 2 Program Code Set Continued 7 Sample Rate S6 Maximum S7 Manual control from front panel 8 Arming S Off On 9 Display Storage S lt On normal S Off 10 Decade Reset S Normal S Disabled for cumulative measurements 11 Display Blanking U Normal display Q Blank display digits and decimal point 12 Reset Trigger Also see Bus Command GET Paragraph 5 13 R Reset no trigger T Reset and trigger 5 5 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrume
9. Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming ma les Table 5 3 Program Explanation Set HP IB to Remote Enabled state Program counter to frequency measurement 1 Hz resolution Trigger a measurement 9820A 21A listing uses Group Execute Trigger 9830A uses code T Read the measurement Print result 5 8 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming 5 21 MEASUREMENT OUTPUT FORMAT 5 22 The 5328A transmits the following string of characters to output a measurement Position 1 2 3 thru 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 digits and E d CR LF O Character SP decimal point O in the first position indicates measurement overflow Leading 0 s in positions 3 to 12 are output as SP space if they occur to the left of the decimal point except for the 0 next to the decimal point The decimal point may appear at positions 4 to 12 The output string is always 17 characters long Typical character output strings are 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 9 10 1 12 13 14 15 16 1 SP 5 0 3 2 1 7 6 9 8 E 6 CR IF SP SP SP SP 5 4 3 2 1 E 3 CR LF 0 6 5 3 1 8 5 4 E 6 CR LF 5 23 BUS COMMANDS 5 24 The 5328A Universal Counter obeys the following Bus Commands ASCII codes shown in parenthesis and in Table 5 4 a Unaddress Commands UNL Unlisten ASCII question mark Clears t
10. Holds reading between samples when ON When OFF allows continuous display of count OSC switch In INT selects normal operation of counter using internal time base In EXT permits use of external time base applied to input connector External Oscillator Input Internal Oscillator Output connector When OSC switch isin INT a buffered TTL signal derived from the internal time base is available at the connector When OSC switch is in EXT the external time base is applied to the connector TB OUT connector In START CLOCK position of the FUNCTION switch provides TTL level at the frequency of the internal oscillator 10 MHz divided by N RESOLUTION switch In START A the frequency at INPUT A divided by N is available GATE OUT connector High when the main gate is open INHIBIT connector A TTL low or ground when applied to this input TTL standard load impedance inhibits the counter from making a measurement Option 011 HP IB Interface connector 24 pin Used to convey data and programming instructions Option 011 HP IB Interface address switch See paragraph 5 4 Figure 3 9 Model 5328A Rear Panel Controls and Connectors Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 000000000 dA POOYERSAL COUNTER id AG 5 EV de 090000 0 WARNING THE AC POWER INPUT CIRCUITS TO TRANSFORMER T1 AND THE UNREGULATED DC VO
11. MANUAL 1 2 This manual provides operating information for the Hewlett Packard Model 5328A Universal Counter including all options Maintenance information for the 5328A mainframe without options is covered in the 5328A Service Manual A separate Installation and Service Manual is provided for each option supplied with the 5328A 1 3 This manual is divided into five sections containing the following information SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION covers a description of the counter options equip ment supplied accessories available and specifications SECTION II INSTALLATION provides instructions for unpacking inspection preparation for use shipment and storage for the overall instrument Installation instructions for the options are covered in separate Installation and Service Manuals for each option SECTION Ill OPERATION covers basic counter operation sources of measurement error time interval measurements front and rear panel operation summaries for the standard instrument and each option and descriptions of controls connectors indicators inputs and outputs SECTION IV APPLICATIONS contains information on how to use the 5328A to measure frequency period time interval and ratio DVM and totalizing measurements are also covered in this section SECTION V PROGRAMMING covers information for instruments equipped with Option 011 Included is an introduction to the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus and instructions for setting the
12. Model 5328A Option 020 DVM Front Panel Operation Summary Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation KO B3284 umvensai COUNTER ME nrwieTUPACKARO 1 FUNCTION switch Functions which use the DVM are a DVM Measures the voltage at the DVM terminals for a period of time determined by the setting of the RESOLUTION N switch N MEASUREMENT TIME 10 s 106 1s 105 0 15 104 10 ms 103 1 ms 1 b NeDVM A Scales voltage at the DVM terminals by the factor freq A where freq A lt 10 MHz N selects the number of events at A over which the measurement is made tc DVM A B Integrates voltage at the DVM terminals over the synchronized time interval defined by events at channels A and B Units of the displayed reading are volteseconds phantom function 2 switch positions clockwise from STOP ohantom function 3 switch positions clockwise from STOP DCV RANGE switch Permits selection of 10V 100V 1000V range or AUTORANGE FILTER switch When on allows measuring small signals in the presence of high common mode noise Response time when on is 1 second when OFF 10 ms HI input terminal Input terminal for high potential of external voltage Must be less than 1100 volts above LO input terminal LO input terminal Input terminal for low potential of external voltage Must be less than 500 volts above chassis ground
13. Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Section Model 5382A Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page GENERAL INFORMATION 2 ash aha 1 1 1 1 Scope of Manual ssulsleeeeees eher 1 1 1 4 DESCTIPLON osos or oso Borce nr RI eR Va de wt edat 1 1 1 6 Instrument Identification 4 4 lt lt lt lt lt lt 444444 1 1 hh P 05cm 1 2 1 175 Opus ooi heu e ERRARE PULS 1 2 1 19 Equipment Supplied and Accessories Available 1 3 1 21 Specifications 532 naaa nie hes d tede aer ed aa qu EP EO ene 1 3 INSTALLATION 1 bd ab bp nh Rex du me dU ud ac Edere 2 1 2 1 Introduction 00000000 k n 2 1 2 3 Unpacking and Inspection aaa 2 1 2 5 Preparation for Use a 2 1 2 6 Power Requirements a si creset itkas 2 1 2 8 Fuse Replacement and Installation a 2 1 2 10 Power Cables paan ana LI ke beer CE O Nh KG DARIA 2 1 2 13 Operating Environment maa 2 2 2 15 Bench Operation 40000000 n 2 2 2 17 Rack Mounting 3 33 sled sd ba kbd o Urbe RA dd tk ded 2 2 2 19 Packaging for Reshipment sssssssssees ere 2 2 2 20 Original Packaging sj dure pora Rad ewe ua ped a ena 2 2 2 24 Other Packaging Methods ss Kaanak eee sa rre pn neck 2 3 2 26 Storage a
14. a synchronized time interval defined by inputs to channels A and B A synchronized time interval means that the actual time interval during which events are totalized is a multiple of 100 ns or 10 ns with Option 040 and is synchronized to the counter s clock LIVER 4 24 DVM MEASUREMENTS 4 25 Option 020 4 26 Three modes of Option 020 voltmeter operation may be selected DVM READ A or READ B In the READ A and READ B modes the digital voltmeter measures the trigger level of channel A or B regardless of the setting of the FUNCTION switch To return control to the FUNCTION control switch the DVM control must be switched back to DVM 100V RANGE When the digital voltmeter is in DVM 100V RANGE and the FUNCTION control is in DVM the digital voltmeter measures the external voltage applied to its input connector 4 27 The trigger level read by the voltmeter in READ A or READ B modes must be multiplied by the setting of the universal module s attenuator switch if using the standard universal module The trigger level represents the center of the hysteresis band If using the Option 040 universal module the trigger level read by the DVM must be multiplied by 10 if the universal module attenuator position is in the X20 position the X2 position is automatically accounted for if the FUNCTION control is in T I A B or T I AVG A B The trigger level represents the top of the hysteresis band for slope and the bottom of the hysteresis band fo
15. arm via the SAMPLE RATE control only when ARMING is OFF and the FUNCTION selected is other than FREQ A FREQ C and RATIO C A 3 58 Arming 3 59 The counter may be armed internally i e made ready to start a measurement by the SAMPLE RATE control or externally by the input signal itself arming off or by a signal not directly involved in the measurement arming on Table 3 1 is an arming status table A rear panel switch turns ARMING either ON or OFF The counter is armed within 1 usec after the event at the arming input Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 19 Model 5328A Operation FUNCTION ARMING OFF ARMING ON FREO A PERIOD A PERIOD AVG A T I A to B T I AVG A to B FREQ C DVM EVENTS C A to B RATIO B A RATIO C A DVM AT Table 3 1 Arming Status Armed by A input Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by C input Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by C input Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by B input Armed by B input Armed by B input Armed by C input Armed by C input Armed by B input Armed by B input Armed by C input Armed by C input Armed by B input Armed by B input DVM A to Bf START START CLOCKT Armed by SAMPLE RATE Armed by C input Measurement controlled by FUNCTION switch Measurement controlled by FUNCTION switch Phantom func
16. information For example when using the delay of the Option 040 and on armed measurements even though the channel is triggering the main gate may not be open if the counter hasn t been armed 3 89 Time Base Out 3 90 The TB OUT connector on the rear panel supplies a TTL level output when the FUNCTION switch is in START CLOCK or START A position see Figure 3 8 In START CLOCK the internal oscillator 10 MHz is divided by NwhereNisselected by the RESOLUTION switch When in START A function the input at channel A divided by N for N gt 1 is available at the time base out rear panel connector 3 91 External Frequency Standard Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 25 Model 5328A Operation 3 91 When the OSC INT EXT switch is in the INT position the 10 MHz oscillator output is available at the INT EXT rear panel connector providing TTL levels When terminated in 50 ohms the OSC INT EXT output is a square wave of approximately 1 volt amplitude 3 93 Trigger Lights 3 94 A trigger light is provided for each A and B input channels to enable the user to know not only if the channel is triggering but also in which direction the trigger level must be adjusted to cause triggering The light is ON when input is above the trigger level OFF when input is below the trigger level BLINKING when channel is triggering The trigger lights are operative over the full fre
17. negative going triggering There is the possibility however that if both levels are slope and near the top of the waveform that switching one of them to slope will pace the hysteresis band beyond the signal and triggering would cease This is illustrated in Figure 4 6 SLOPE TRIGGERING HYSTERESIS BAND SLOPE TRIGGERING Figure 4 6 Slope Switch Effect on Hysteresis Band Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Applications 4 20 In T I AB and T I AVG A B with the rear panel ARM switch OFF the counter is armed by the run down of the SAMPLE RATE control With the rear panel ARM switch ON T I A B and T I AVG A B are armed by an event at the C input if Option 030 channel C is installed For T I AVG A B only one arming signal is required per average measurement i e the counter doesn t need to be armed prior to each individual time interval in the time interval measurement 4 21 TOTALIZING MEASUREMENTS 4 22 Two totalizing functions are available START A and Events at C during the time interval from A to B Events C AB In START A the number of counts at the A input are totalized if N 1 If N is greater than 1 A N is totalized and the scaled output is available at the TB OUT rear panel connector 4 23 With Option 030 channel C the events C A B function allows the number of events at the C input to be totalized during
18. of the 5328A are listed in the program code set Table 5 2 Suppose you have set the counter to talk address J and listen address Then typical statements to program the counter are Unlisten command Talk address Calculator Listen address 5328A Ps program initialize po Met Freg A 1 Hz Resolution Rest eo OMT oUa PF Start A Output on the fly Reset and trigger The program codes are from the 12 groups of the program code set shown in Table 5 2 No more than one code from a group should be used ina program code string use the codes in the same order that the groups are listed 5 11 The code P gives a simple way to initialize the state of the counter program P substitutes for F0G0S0246 UR When codes other than P are used either R or T should be included at the end of the string Both of these codes update the counters program storage cells The code T also initiates a measurement R does not Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 5 3 Model 5328A Programming Table 5 2 Program Code Set NOTE Codes shown in bold face are start up conditons These conditions are set by the code P Remote Program Initialize or by the bus commands Device Clear or Selected Device Clear 1 Initialization Code P Remote Program Initialize 2 Function Codes F Stop F1 Start A F2 Start
19. period This is the basis for multiple period averaging Period and period averaging techniques are used to increase measurement accuracy on low frequency measurements as explained further in paragraph 4 9 INPUT AMP TRIGGER DECADE COUNTING ASSEMBLIES TIME BASE DECADE OSCILLATOR DIVIDERS Figure 3 2 Measuring Period NOTE The roles of the amplifer trigger and decade divider outputs are reversed in measuring the period This same configuration also serves for ratio measurements with the second input replacing the time base oscillator Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 16 Ratio 3 17 By replacing the time base with a second input of frequency fz the same configuration as in Figure 3 2 can be used to measure the ratio f2 f For higher resolution the signal at frequency f can be divided in decade steps in a manner identical to multiple period averaging 3 18 Time Interval 3 19 Figure 3 3 shows the configuration for the measurement of time between two events or time interval The main gate is now opened by the START input and closed by the STOP The decade divider output is again counted and the display shows the elapsed time between START and STOP signals The measurement of time interval is considered in more detail in paragraph 3 22 3 20 Totalize and Scale 3 21 The 5328A also provides a totalizing scaling mode where an inp
20. the B trigger levels use the Option 020 or 021 DVM and the corresponding frequency measurements made at those levels the linearity of the generator may be determined 4 9 PERIOD MEASUREMENTS 4 10 The PERIOD and PERIOD AVG functions allow single period measurements or multiple period averages to be made on input signals into Channel A for frequencies up to 10 MHz These modes are useful for making low frequency measurements where maximum resolution is desired Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 4 1 Model 5328A Applications 4 2 ARM SWITCH ON SWEEP SWEEP OUT GENERATOR Figure 4 1 Measuring Linearity 4 11 To make a PERIOD or PERIOD AVG measurement select the desired function select appropriate input signal conditioning see Paragraph 3 71 and apply the signal to the A input of the standard or Option 040 universal module For single period measurements the RESOLUTION switch scales the time base frequency which determines the resolution of the measurement For optimum resolution select N71 Other N values may be desireable to prevent display overflow or to get rid of unstable digits For PERIOD AVG measurements the RESOLUTION switch selects the number of periods over which the period average measurement is made the time base is 10 MHz for this case The PERIOD AVG mode gives increased resolution and accuracy Trigger error is decreased by N an
21. the instrument s resolution would be meaningless The standard Universal Module of the 5328A counts a 10MHz clock The Option 040 Universal Module counts a 100 MHz clock to give 10 ns single shot resolution 3 26 Clock frequencies of 1 10 100 MHz etc are preferred since the accumulated count with the appropriate placement of decimal point gives a direct readout of the time interval This explains why the conventional time interval counter is at present limited to 10 nsec a clock frequency of 100 MHz 1 GHz is beyond reach and a clock frequency of 200 MHz would require some arithmetic processing of the accumulated count in the DCA s to enable time to be displayed directly 3 27 Time Interval Averaging 3 28 This technique is based on the fact that if the 1 count error is truly random it can be reduced by averaging a number of measurements The words truly random are significant For time interval averaging to work the time interval must 1 be repetitive and 2 have a repetition frequency which is asynchronous to the instrument s clock Under these conditions the resolution of the measurement is 1 count VN where N number of time intervals averaged 3 29 With averaging resolution of a time interval measurement is limited only by the noise inherent in the instrument Ten picoseconds resolution can be obtained with the 5328A This is not the whole story however since most time interval averaging suffers one severe limitati
22. 0 1 attenuator X10 ora 100 1 attenuator X100 to increase the voltage range by 10 or 100 times to allow measurement of high level signals that would otherwise be impossible without external attenuation The Option 040 ATTEN is X1 X2 or X20 3 74 SLOPESWITCH The SLOPE switch provided for each channel determines which slope of the input signal will trigger the counter As a simple example Figure 3 16 if the pulse width of a positive pulse is to be measured the A channel slope switch would be set to and the B channel would be set to for time interval measurements the A channel always begins the measurement and the B channel ends the measurement POSITIVE SLOPE A NEGATIVE SLOPE PULSE WIDTH 50 us INTERVAL MEASURED Figure 3 16 Slope Switch Settings NOTE A simple pulse width measurement is achieved with the use of the SLOPE setting for channel A and the SLOPE setting for channel B 3 75 The LEVEL control for each channel is adjustable over the range of 2 5V dc with the attenuator for that channel in the X1 position A typical use of the LEVEL controls is shown in Figure 3 17 Thetrigger level may be read by the Option 020 or 021 digital voltmeter Trigger level measurements are discussed under DVM measurements in Paragraph 4 24 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 500 mVDC A INPUT 250 mVDC 0 VDC
23. 120 220 240 VOLT LINE SELECTOR SWITCHES ON THE REAR PANEL ARE SET TO THE PROPER POSITIONS AND PROPER LINE FUSE IS INSTALLED 2 6 Power Requirements 2 7 This instrument can be operated on single phase 100 120 220 or 240 10 5 volts ac Power required is approximately 150 VA maximum Toavoid instrument damage the rear panel line selector switch must be set to the correct position 100V 120V 220V or 240V and the correct fuse as labeled on the rear panel must be installed See Section III for rear panel features photograph When shipped the switch is set for 120 volt ac operation 2 8 Fuse Replacement and Installation 2 9 Two fuses are supplied with the instrument The instrument is shipped with a 2 0amp fuse installed for 100 or 120 volt operation To configure the instrument for 220 or 240 volt operation disconnect the ac power cable set the line selector switch and install the 1 0 amp fuse 2 10 Power Cables WARNING TO PROTECT OPERATING AND SERVICING PERSONNEL THIS INSTRUMENT IS EQUIPPED WITH A THREE PIN POWER RECEPTACLE THE CENTER PIN OF THE RECEPTACLE CONNECTS THE INSTRUMENT CHASSIS AND PANELS TO EARTH GROUND WHEN USED WITH A PROPERLY WIRED THREE CON DUCTOR OUTLET AND POWER CABLE IMPROP ERLY GROUNDED EQUIPMENT CAN RESULT IN HAZARDOUS POTENTIALS BETWEEN EQUIPMENTS Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Insallation 2
24. 28A as listed below If purchased as part of an initial order options are installed at the factory and the instrument is ready for operation when received Procedures for field installation of an option are described in the Installation and Service Manual supplied with each option except for Option 010 Oscillator which is covered in the 5328A Service Manual The following options are available a Option 010 High Stability Time Base Oven oscillator with aging rate lt 5 x 10719 day b Option 011 HP IB Interface Allows 5328A to output data and be controlled via the HP Interface Bus C Option 020 Digital Voltmeter DVM Single ended DVM for trigger level and external dc voltage measurements d Option 021 High Performance DVM Floating high accuracy DVM for trigger level and external dc voltage measurements Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A General Information e Option 030 Channel C Frequency measurements to 512 MHz 15 mV rms sensitivity direct count f Option 040 High Performance Universal Module Same as standard 5328A but with 10 ns single shot time interval improved T I averaging improved T I accuracy measure ments with delay T I A B marker hysteresis compensation switchable input impedance 1 M0 500 1 19 EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED AND ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE 1 20 Table 1 1lists equipmentsupplied with the 5328A and Table 1 2 li
25. 4 2 4 2 Tone Burst Measurement ehh 4 2 4 3 Dead TIME PRI Tr 4 3 4 4 Multiple STOP Pulses 12254 x5cbu nam KAG RR ANA Rehab aa 4 3 4 5 Monitoring Marker Outputs cece eee cee eee eee eens 4 4 4 6 Slope Switch Effect on Hysteresis Band 6 cece cece eee e eee eee 4 4 4 7 Armed DVM Measurement cece eee eee e eee n eens 4 6 5 1 5328A Measurement Cycle 00 cece eee eee nnn 5 6 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Safety Considerations vi SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS GENERAL This is a Safety Class instrument This instrument has been designed and tested according to IEC Publication 348 Safety Requirements for Electronic Measuring Apparatus and has been supplied in safe condition This manual contains information cautions and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to retain the instrument in safe condition SAFETY If this instrument is to be energized via an autotransformer for voltage reduction make sure the common terminal is connected to the earthed pole of the power source BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT the protective earth terminals of this instrument must be connected to the protective conductor of the mains power cord The mains plug shall only be inserted in a socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact The protective action must not be nega
26. 66 Hz 150 VA max Accessories Furnished Power cord 200 cm 7 ft Weight Net 8 5 kg 18 Ib 12 oz Shipping 11 2 kg 24 Ib 12 oz Dimensions f 460 18 1 8 NOTE DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS AND INCHE CRESI 464 HANDLES ARE REMOVABLE 18 14 i 416 422 16 5 8I 2 2 89 31 M Jil zr 438 04714 Available Accessories HP Rack Mount Ears 2 each required for use with handles for use without handles 5020 8873 5020 8861 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Installation SECTION Il INSTALLATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 This section provides instructions for unpacking inspection preparation for use shipment and storage 2 3 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION 2 4 If the shipping carton is damaged inspect the counter for visible damage scratches dents etc If the counter is damaged notify the carrier and the nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office immediately offices are listed at the back of this manual Keep the shipping carton and packing material for the carrier s inspection The HP Sales and Service Office will arrange for repair or replacement of your instrument without waiting for the claim against the carrier to be settled 2 5 PREPARATION FOR USE CAUTION BEFORE CONNECTING THIS INSTRUMENT TOAN AC POWER LINE BE SURE THAT THE 100
27. 750 mVDC B INPUT OPTION 040 TLA B MARKER Figure 3 17 Level Control Settings NOTE Simple measurement of a time interval the LEVEL control of the A and B input channels were used to set the trigger LEVEL of A and B 3 76 Hysteresis 3 77 The width of the hysteresis band shown in Figure 3 18 is determined by the sensitivity of the counter For frequencies below 40 MHz it is less than 50 mV peak to peak At frequencies from 40 MHz to 100 MHz it is less than 70 mV peak to peak The signal must pass through the entire hysteresis band before a trigger pulse is generated If the SLOPE switch is set to the trigger pulse occurs at the top of the hysteresis band If the SLOPE switch is set to the trigger pulse occurs at the bottom of the hysteresis band 3 78 Since trigger level measurements made by the Option 020 or 021 DVM indicate the center of the hysteresis band except for when hysteresis compensation is in effect see Paragraph 4 32 a better value for the actual trigger level may be obtained by subtracting one half the hysteresis band slope or adding one half the hysteresis band slope A typical value for the width of the hysteresis band is 50 mV peak to peak 3 79 The value to use for the hysteresis band depends on the frequency or for pulses it depends on the rise time SLOPE TRIGGER POINT TRIGGER SLOPE TRIGGER POINT Figure 3 18 Hysteresis Band Artisan Techn
28. 9 See 8 See 7 See 6 Trigger lights Light blinks when its channel is triggering Light is OFF when input signal is below the trigger level Light is ON when input signal is above trigger level LEVEL control D Used in conjunction with ATTEN switch to select voltage at which triggering occurs With X1 attenuator level is variable 2 5 volts In X10 25 volts In X100 250 volts SLOPE switch B Selects triggering on either positive or negative slope of input signal See 17 See 16 See 15 Figure 3 8 Standard 5328A Front Panel Operation Summary Continued Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 0000000 VOLTAGE SELECTOR switches Selects 100 120 220 240 volt operation LINE FUSE Requires a 2 0 amp fuse for 100 120 volt operation or a 1 0 amp fuse for 220 240 volt operation AC Line connector IEC type with offset pin connected to chassis ARM switch With switch in OFF counter is armed by the samesignal which is involved in the measurement e g FREQ A measurements are armed by the signal at channel A With arming ON the measurement is armed by an input other than the input involved in the measurement The following are armed by an eventat B FREQ A PERIOD A PERIOD AVG A FREQ C DVM C A the following are armed by an event at C T I A gt B T I AVG A B EVENTS C A B B A see Table 3 1 STORAGE switch
29. 9 Programming the 5328A 440000000 n ees 5 3 5 12 Triggering a Measurement cece eee eee ences 5 6 5 15 Reading a Measurement 0 00 e eect cee eee eee eens 5 7 5 19 Programming Example cece eee cence sere 5 7 5 21 Measurement Output Format eee cece eee eee 5 9 52 23 Bus Commands v 25 s beda dr ceo ed d aede eee a 5 9 LIST OF TABLES Table Title Page 1 1 Equipment Supplied 2 0000 ere a 1 3 1 2 Accessories Available 444444444444000000 nnn 1 3 1 3 Specificatlohs AA 1 4 3 1 Atrming Status uius eb pho bod dy be PRAAN GAD oes xe ie 3 20 3 2 Resolution Switch Settings and Gate Times 0 cece ences 3 20 3 3 Functions and Resolution Switch Settings ccc eee ee eee eee 3 21 5 1 A ddressin z cuits eee ea aa br adu Bd Meee LAS E RO eR ars dd 5 2 5 2 Program Code S t s NB shia eese duree deu NG teer P eder Ed 5 4 5 3 Program Explanation hh en 5 18 5 4 American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII 5 10 iv Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A List of Figures LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title Page 1 1 Model 5328A Universal Counter with Options 0 0005 1 0 2 1 Power Cables scudo O O dle de doce 2 4 3 1 Basic Elements of the Frequency Counter 0 0 a 3 1 3 2 Meas ring Period m
30. A is0 10 MHz while B is 0 100 MHz the lower frequency is normally applied to the A input although there is no restriction that this be the case i e ratio s less than 1 may be measured If B A is greater than 1 the measurement resolution is better than switching the inputs for a ratio 1 provided the value of N remains the same Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 4 7 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming SECTION V PROGRAMMING Option 011 HP IB Interface 5 1 INTRODUCTION 5 2 Option 011 makes the 5328A Universal Counter fully compatible with the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB With this option installed the counter can respond to remote control instructions and can output measurement results via the HP IB Thus the 5328A gives all the benefits of standardized systems operation with the HP IB At the simplest level the 5328A can output data to other devices such as the 5150A Thermal Printer or the 59303A Digital to Analog Converter In more sophisticated systems the calculator or other system controller can remotely program the 5328A trigger measurements and read the results Of course a calculator or computer adds other benefits to an HP IB based measurement system The calculator can manipulate data to compute the mean and standard deviation check for lin
31. AL MODULE In the COM A position the INPUT B connector is disconnected and the A and B input amplifiers are connected together to the INPUT A connector as shown in Figure 3 14 As can be seen from the figure the channel B AC DC switch and attenuator control are disabled when the COM A The channel A AC DC and attenuation controls condition the input signal to both channel A and channel B input amplifiers The impedance remains 1 MQ although input capacitance increases from 40 pF to approximately 65 pF and the channel sensitivity dynamic range and damage levels remain unchanged Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 21 Model 5328A Operation TRIGGER LEVEL amp SLOPE ATTEN X1 X10 X100 TRIGGER LEVEL amp SLOPE ATTEN X1 X10 X100 v Figure 3 14 Standard Universal Module Input Switch Configuration for COM A 3 68 The A and B input amplifiers have independent LEVEL and SLOPE controls regardless of the mode of operation SEP or COM A 3 69 OPTION 040 UNIVERSAL MODULE In COM A position the INPUT B connector is disconnected and the A and B input amplifiers are connected together at the INPUT A connector as shown in Figure 3 15 As can be seen in the figure the channel B AC DC switch is disabled when in COM A The channel A AC DC switch also determines the coupling for the channel B amplifier The impedance becomes 500 kA when in COM A and in the high i
32. B and the input amplifier control switch to CHK Delay mode LED LED is ON when delay is active Input amplifier control switch D a CHK With FUNCTION switch in FREQ A counter should display 100 MHz 1 count Checks operation of phase locked 100 MHz oscillator SAMPLE RATE RESOLUTION N and RESET COM A The signal at A is also applied to channel B for single source time interval measurement TheB inputisdisconnected from the input circuitry Channel B coupling but not attenuation is determined by the channel A setting c SEP Allows independent operation of channels A and B See 10 See 12 Input Impedance switch Selects input impedance of 500 for both channels A and B For input amplifier control switch in COM A impedance is 500 or 500 kQ See 13 Figure 3 10 Model 5328A Option 040 Front Panel Operation Summary Continued Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 1 2 Model 5328A Operation FUNCTION switch Functions which use channel C are a FREQ C Measures frequency at C input b RATIO C A Measures the ratio of the freguency at channel C to the freguency at channel A c EVENTS C A B Totalizes the number of events at channel C during the synchronized time interval determined by inputs to channel A and channel B input for channel C Frequency range of 5 512 MHz Figure 3 11 Model 5328A Opti
33. ERS takes the time base oscillator signal as the input and provide as an output a pulse train whose frequency is variable in decade steps The operator can control this frequency with the FREQ RESOLUTION N switch The timetof Equation 1 is determined by the period of this pulse train 3 10 MAIN GATE is the heart of the counter When this gate is opened pulses from the amplifier trigger are allowed to pass through The opening and closing of the main gate is controlled by the decade divider output to the main gate flip flop 3 11 DECADE COUNTING ASSEMBLIES totalizes the output pulses from the main gate and displays this total after the gate is closed If for example the gate is open for precisely 1 second the decade counting assemblies DCA s display the frequency in Hertz of the input signal 3 12 Other basic measurements the counter can perform are described in the following paragraphs 3 13 Period 3 14 Period the inverse of frequency can be measured by the counter by reversing the inputs to the main gate Now the input signal controls the duration over which the main gate is open and the decade divider output is counted by the DCA s The duration of the count is of course one cycle or period of the input signal see Figure 3 2 3 15 Unused decades in the decade divider chain can be used to divide the amplifier trigger output so that the gate remains open for decade steps of the input period rather than a single
34. IGH VOLTAGE and substitute the following HIGH VOLTAGE Caution to prevent electric shock do not remove cover Refer servicing to qualified personnel Page 1 0 Figure 1 1 Model 5328A Universal Counter with Options Change the marking of the 5328A front panel power switch as follows Change POWER to LINE and OFF to STBY At top left side of switch insert the word ON Make this same change to all front view photos Figures 3 8 3 10 3 11 3 12 and 3 13 In Figures 3 8 and 3 10 Step 1 change the first part In off up position to read In STBY position Page 1 1 Paragraph 1 7 Delete all of this paragraph except the first two sentences Add the following The five digit number is the serial number of each instrument A manual change sheet is included when instrument changes have affected the contents of this manual Page 1 3 Paragraph 1 20 Add the following The test leads listed in Table 1 2 are used with the DVM options The coax cable listed is used with input A Bor C The rack flange kit is used to install the 5328A in a cabinet Page 1 3 Table 1 2 Accessories Available Change Table 1 2 as follows Delete all information entitied Rack Mount Flange and insert the following DESCRIPTION HP PART NO Front Handle Kit 5061 0088 Rack Flange Kit for instruments without handles 5061 0076 Rack and Handle Kit 5061 0082 Installation instructions included wit
35. IN DCA S Figure 3 5 Synchronizer Operation with Time Interval Averaging 3 31 This problem is alleviated by the synchronizers which are designed to detect leading edges of the clock pulses that occur while the gate isopen The waveshape applied to the DCA s when synchronizers are used is shown by the fifth waveform The leading edges are detected and reconstructed such that the pulses applied to the DCA s are of the same duration as the clock 3 32 Synchronizers are a necessary part of time interval averaging without them the averaged answerisbiased In addition it may easily be seen that with synchronizers involved time intervals of much less than the period of the clock can be measured This technique is only as good as the synchronizers however The 5328A s high speed synchronizers enable intervals as small as 100 picoseconds to be measured 3 33 There are occasional situations where time interval averaging cannot be performed on a periodic signal This problem occurs when the input time interval repetition rate is synchronous with the internal clock The Option 040 avoids this problem by modulating the clock with white noise whenever the 5328A is in the Time Interval Average function to minimize the synchronous lock up associated with this measurement 3 34 SOURCES OF MEASUREMENT ERROR 3 35 The major sources of measurement error are the 1 count ambiguity the time base error and trigger error These are discussed in the followi
36. INE VOLTAGE SELECTION BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT make sure the instrument is set to the voltage of the power source Verify that the power transformer primary is matched to the available line voltage Verify that the correct fuse is installed GROUNDING BEFORE SWITCHING ON THIS INSTRUMENT ensure that all devices connected to this instrument are connected to the protective earth ground Grounding one conductor of a two conductor outlet is not sufficient N ATTENTION N This symbol N which appears on the instrument means Read the instruction manual before operating the instrument If the instrument is operated without reading the instructions it may not operate correctly Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com vii Model 5328A General Information KOK N tsten CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR Pi FRED ADJ Ki sete OPTION 010 OPTION 011 OVEN HP 1B OSCILLATOR INTERFACE CHANNEL A CHANNEL B bam ppunta wooo P mo ke NG A ve TE gt E A E 8 saya e eo Kom OPTION 020 OPTION 021 OPTION 030 OPTION 040 DVM DVM CHANNEL C UNIVERSAL MODULE Figure 1 1 Model 5328A Universal Counter with Options 1 0 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A General Information SECTION I GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 SCOPE OF
37. LTAGE ARE STILL ON EVEN WHEN THE POWER SWITCH IS OFF CONTACT WITH THESE CIRCUITS CAN RESULT IN INJURY TO PERSONNEL OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT POWER switch In off up position supplies standby power to oven of the Option 010 high stability time base to maintain a constant temperature for the crystal In ON position supplies normal operating power to the instrument RESET button Resets display and internal count to zero and arms counter for a new measurement When continuously depressed lights all segments of the LED display and all annunciator LED s for LED test Returns 5328A to LOCAL control when Option 011 HP IB Interface is in use FUNCTION selector Selects mode of operation a RATIO C A Sets counter to measure the ratio of the frequency at channel C Option 030 channel C installed to the frequency at channel A CHECK Applies 10 MHz to decade counting assemblies Verifies operation of SAMPLE RATE control RESOLUTION switch and RESET FREQ C Sets counter to measure the frequency at the channel C input DVM Sets counter to measure the voltage applied to the terminals of the Option 020 or 021 digital voltmeter START A STOP Sets the counter to totalize the number of events at the A input until STOP is selected for N 1 on the RESOLUTION switch For N gt 1 the number of counts divided by N is totalized The scaled output i e frequency of A N is available at the time base out rear panel connector Figure 3
38. Maximum input dc coupied X1 250 V rms dc 50 kHz 1 25 x 107 V rms freq 50 kHz 2 5 MHz 5 V rms 2 5 100 MHz 250 V rms dc 5 MHz 1 25 x 10 V rms freq 5 100 MHz 250 V rms dc 500 kHz 1 25 x 10 V rms freq 0 5 25 MHz 5 V rms 25 100 MHz Vmax 200 V peak dc for dc 20 Hz same as dc coupled for frequency greater than 20 Hz X10 X100 X2 X20 Opt 040 Ac coupled Opt 040 5062 position 5 V rms dc 100 MHz Channel Input Common A or separate switch selectable In COM A position sensitivity remains the same Impedance becomes 1 M12 lt 65 pF for the standard and 500 kQ2 lt 65 pF for the Option 040 high impedance position 502 position remains nominal 5012 Channel C option 030 Sensitlvity 15 mV rms 5 MHz 512 MHz Coupling dc Trigger Level 0 V fixed Impedance 50 2 nominal Maximum Input 5 V rms Input Protection Fused FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS Frequency A standard and option 040 Range 0 100 MHz direct count Resolution 1 MHz to 0 1 Hz in decade steps Accuracy 1 count timebase error Display kHz MHz Frequency C option 030 Range 5 512 MHz direct count Resolution 1 MHz to 0 1 Hz in decade steps Accuracy 1 count timebase error Display kHz MHz Trigger error is lt 0 3 of one period for sinewaves of 40 dB S N or better and amplitude equal to sensitivity of counter For any waveshape trigger error is less than x12 x peak noise voltage Signal sl
39. Model 5328A Programming 5 15 Reading a Measurement 5 16 To read a measurement from the counter to a calculator the counter must first be addressed to talk and the calculator to listen The examples below indicate how a calculator may read a measurement from the counter Talk address 5328A ian Listen address calculator pero i s 9820A 21A 9830A 5 17 Notethatthe data outputstring from the 5328A may include a leading O when a counter measurement overflows The 9830A example above includes the format specification X so that calculator will skip over the first character and not be confused by the letter O The examples that follow show how a calculator may also read in the value of the leading character 9820A 21A 9830A 5 18 In these examples A contains the decimal value of the leading character B contains the value of the reading If the leading character is SP then A 32 if the character is O then A 79 5 19 PROGRAMMING EXAMPLE 5 20 The following program illustrate how the HP 9820A 21A and 9830A calculators can control the 5328A counter Both programs cause the counter to make a series of frequency measure ments The calculator reads the measurements into memory and prints the results The programs assume the counter talk address is J and listen address Table 5 3 contains a program explanation Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation
40. TS STANDARD Two marker output connectors are mounted on the front panel of the universal module These outputs represent the inverted channel A and channel B Schmitt triggers The outputs provide 0 to 100 mV levels into 500 delayed by less than 20 ns These outputs are very useful for oscilloscope monitoring Time interval measurement set ups are simplified if the time interval of interest and the marker outputs can be simultaneously displayed on oscilloscope traces Frequency measurements on noisy signals can be made with more confidence since the markers can indicate the presence of noise triggering These outputs are protected from inadvertently applied voltage to 5V dc 3 86 MARKER OUTPUTS OPTION 040 The Option 040 universal module has a channel A marker output like the standard universal modules The other marker output isa T I A B marker which is high during the time interval measured by the counter delayed by less than 20 ns The levels are 0 to 100 mV into 500 for the A marker 0 to 50 mV for the T1 A B marker These markers are extremely helpful in time interval measurement set ups The marker outputs do not show the effect of the Option 040 s delay control 3 87 Gate Out 3 88 This rear panel output supplies a TTL level which is high when the counter s main gate is open and low when it is closed Monitoring the GATE OUT on an oscilloscope can provide this information for applications where the markers do not give the desired
41. Time N 10 s N 107 1s N 10 0 1 s N 105 10 ms N 10 1 ms N 107 1mV 1mV 2mV 20 mV 200 mV Range 0 to 125 Vdc 0 9999 19 999 99 99 125 0 Full range display resolution 1 sec measurement time Accuracy 20 min warm up 5 reading t4mV Temp Coefficient 0 to 40 C 2 05 reading C 205 mV C Input Terminals Single ended Input Impedance 10 Mf Normal Mode Rejection Ratio gt 60 dB at 60 Hz 50 Hz 20 196 Effective Common Mode Rejection Ratio 1 kQQ unbalance Response Time step input Maximum Input Trigger Level Measurements 2 mV display resolution OPT 021 10 UV 100 UV 1 my 10 mV 100 mV 10 1100 1000 Vdc and AUTORANGE 312 5000 125 000 1000 00 03 reading 004 range for 1000 V range 087 reading 004 range 002 reading C 001 range C Floating pair 10 M92 gt 80 dB at 50 Hz or greater with filter on DC gt 120 dB AC gt 120 dB for multiples of 60 Hz 50 Hz with filter on 10 ms filter off HI to LO 1100 V all ranges LO to chassis ground 500 V 1 mV display resolution trigger level reading automatically multiplied by setting of attenuator switch if using option 040 uni versal module the A input are totalized for N 1 on the resolution switch For N31 A N is totalized and the scaled output A N is available at the Timebase Out rear panel connector Range 0 100 MH
42. address switches programming using the program code set triggering a measurement reading a measurement and program examples Also included are bus commands the ASCII codes and the measurement output format 1 4 DESCRIPTION 1 5 The standard 5328A mainframe measures frequency period period average time interval time interval average and ratio A totalize function is also provided The capabilities of the instrument are expanded as shown in Table 1 3 by installing the options described in paragraph 1 17 The 5328A provides an 8 digit 9 with Option 030 LED display display storage and leading zero blanking Decimal point and unit readouts are displayed automatically Two independent selectable input channels are provided for time interval measurements Each input channel has an attenuator trigger slope selector level control ac dc coupling and an oscilloscope marker output Rear panel connectors provide a gate output a time base output and an input for an external frequency standard An ARM switch on the rear panel allows arming by the signal being measured switch OFF or by another input signal switch ON 1 6 INSTRUMENT IDENTIFICATION 1 7 Hewlett Packard instruments have a 2 section 10 character serial number 0000A 00000 which is located on the rear panel The 4 digit serial prefix identifies instrument changes If the serial prefix of your instrument differs from that listed on the title page of this manual there are di
43. allow the measurement of very small dc levels in the presence of high common mode or normal mode noise 4 32 Thetrigger level read by the voltmeter in READ A orREAD B modes mustbe multiplied by the setting of the universal module s attenuator switch if using the standard universal module The level represents the center of the hysteresis band Ifthe counter has the Option 040 universal module installed the setting of the attenuator switch is automatically taken into account If the FUNCTION control is in T I A B or T I AVG A B meaning that hysteresis compensation is in effect the trigger level read represents the top of the hysteresis band for slope In any other functions the trigger level represents the middle of the hysteresis band 4 33 The DVM has three ranges 10V 12 5 overrange 100V 125V overrange and 4 1000V dc Allowable measurement times onding sensitivity is shown in the following ndre rrocn NG COITESDO B SENSI y table RESOLUTION N Measurement Time Sensitivity 1 kHz 10 1 ms 100 mV 100 Hz 10 10 ms 10 mV 10 Hz 105 100 ms 1 mV 1 Hz 106 1s 100 uV 1 Hz 107 10 s 10 uV 4 34 The Option 021 DVM is floating thus allowing differential measurements to be made Internal isolators and a floating power supply allow the floating measurements and permit DVM measurement output over the HP IB The HP IB is described in Section V Maximum input from HI to LO is 1100V dc Maximum potential at LO with respect to chassi
44. ar ASCII EOT Responds as with Device Clear or program code P GET Group Execute Trigger ASCII BS Starts a measurement This command provides the quickest method to start a measurement cycle Table 5 4 American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASCII USA STANDARD CODE FOR INFORMATION INTERCHANGE UNIVERSAL UNLISTEN i UNTALK ADDRESS COMMAND COMMANDS LISTEN TALK ADDRESSES ADDRESSES Ne Vat DATA WHEN ATN IS HIGH ADDRESSES WHEN ATN IS LOW COMMAND Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com HEWLETT i PACKARD MANUAL CHANGES MANUAL DESCRIPTION CHANGE DATE March 1 1976 INSTRUMENT 5328A Universal Counter This change supersedes all earlier dated changes Users Manual SERIAL PREFIX Applies to ail serial prefixes e Make all changes listed as ERRATA APRIL 1975 Check the following table for your instrument s DATE PRINTED HP PART NO 05328 90002 serial prefix or serial number and make listed MICROFICHE NO 05328 90010 change s to manual IF YOUR INSTRUMENT MAKE THE HAS SERIAL PREFIX FOLLOWING CHANGES OR SERIAL NUMBER TO YOUR MANUAL IF YOUR INSTRUMENT MAKE THE HAS SERIAL PREFIX FOLLOWING CHANGES OR SERIAL NUMBER TO YOUR MANUAL b NEW OR REVISED ITEM gt ERRATA Page vi front matter SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Delete the entire paragraph entitled H
45. at channel A CHECK Applies 10 MHz to decade counting assemblies Verifies operation of SAMPLE RATE control RESOLUTION switch and RESET FREQ C Sets counter to measure the frequency at the channel C input DVM Sets counter to measure the voltage applied to the terminals of the Option 020 or 021 digital voltmeter START A STOP Sets the counter to totalize the number of events at the A input until STOP is selected for N 1 on the RESOLUTION switch For N gt 1 the number of counts divided by N is totalized The scaled output i e frequency of A N is available at the Time Base Out rear panel connector Figure 3 8 Standard 5328A Front Panel Operation Summary Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation START CLOCK A phantom function located 1 switch position clockwise from STOP Totalizes the internal 10 MHz clock N where N is selected by the RESOLUTION switch N210 The scaled output i e 10 MHz N is available at the Time Base Out rear panel connector DVM A A phantom function located 2 switch positions clockwise from STOP Used for scaling DVM measurements Counter displays DVM freq A where freq A s10 MHz N selects the number of events at A over which the measurement is made DVM A B A phantom function located 3 switch positions clockwise from STOP The voltage at the DVM terminals is integrated over the synchronize
46. ates that left most significant digits have overflowed the display Remote RMT indicates that the counter with Option 011 HP IB interface is under remote program control A GATE lamp G is displayed indicates that the counter has been armed and that a measurment is in process 3 52 Power WARNING SAFETY PRECAUTIONS MUST ALWAYS BE OBSERVED WHEN THE COVERS ARE REMOVED FROM THE INSTRUMENT 3 53 The POWER switch turns the counter ON or OFF standby The off position turns off some but not all of the power supply voltages This circuit arrangement allows the Option 010 high stability oscillator to operate continuously Therefore the inputto main power transformer T1 plus the unregulated dc voltage to the oscillator oven is always energized whenever power is connected even with the POWER switch off 3 54 Reset 3 55 TheRESET pushbutton resets the display and internal countto zero and also initiates single measurements when the SAMPLE RATE control is in the HOLD mode On counters with Option 011 HP IB Interface providing remote control capability pushing the RESET button restores the counter to local control when not remotely locked out by the HP IB Local Lockout universal command 3 56 Sample Rate Control 3 57 The SAMPLE RATE control sets the minimum time between samples This time is continuously variable from less than 2 ms between measurements to HOLD which holds the display indefinitely The counter will internally self
47. ature of Option 040 means that the trigger level does not need resetting when the slope switch changes the polarity 1 13 The standard 5328A single shot resolution of 100 ns meets the requirements for appli cations such as mechanical and electromechanical device relays timing time of flight measurements ballistics sonar ranging radio ranging and navigation The Option 040 provides increased resolution to 10 ns useful in applications such as computer peripheral timing mea suremnts logic timing measurements radar ranging and optical ranging The delay feature of Option 040 allows unwanted signals to be ignored which would otherwise trigger the counter 1 14 Using time interval averaging time intervals as short as 100 ps with resolution to 10 ps may be measured Applications include cable length measurements phase measurements logic timing measurements and integrated circuit propagation delay measurement 1 15 Full bandwidth sensitivity and signal conditioning of the Channel A B and C for Option 030 input amplifiers is provided for ratio totalizing and scaling measurements 1 16 The 5328A with Option 011 HP IB Interface is able to output measurement data and be controlled fully programmed via the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB The 5328A is interfaced to HP IB compatible instruments calculators or computers by simply interconnecting with an HP IB cable 1 17 OPTIONS 1 18 Several options are available with the 53
48. ce reguired return address model number and full serial number Mark the container FRAGILE to assure careful handling 2 23 In any correspondence refer to the counter by model number and full serial number 2 24 Other Packaging Methods 2 25 If factory packaging is not available good commercial packing should be used Contract packaging companies in many cities can provide dependable custom packaging on short notice The following general instructions should be followed when repackaging with commercially available materials a If shipping to a Hewlett Packard Service Office or Service Center attach a tag indicating the type of service required return address model number and full serial number b Wrap the counter in heavy paper or plastic C Useastrong shipping container A double wall carton made of 350 pound test material is adequate d Useenough shock absorbing material 3 to 4 inch layer around all sides of the counter to provide a firm cushion and prevent movement inside the container Protect the control panel with cardboard e Seal the shipping container securely 2 26 STORAGE 2 27 f the counter is to be stored for an extended period of time it should be enclosed in a clean dry sealed container See specifications in Section I for storage environmental limitations 2 28 OPTIONS INSTALLATION 2 29 Instructions for field installation of each option listed in paragraph 1 17 are contained in the Installa
49. ceed 5V rms The trigger level for the Channel C is fixed at OV dc If pulse waveforms are being measured they must cross through 0 volts dc by least 25 mV Pulse widths down to 1 ns can be counted 4 6 Thestandard and Option 040 universal modules and the Option 030 Channel C module are direct count modules Direct count allows greater resolution per second of measurement time than prescaling techniques and is important in making frequency measurements on pulse bursts since the allowable measurement time is fixed must be less than the width of the burst 4 7 When the 5328A is in FREQ A or FREQ C function and the rear panel ARM switch is OFF a measurement cycle is initiated i e arms the counter upon the first trigger level crossing at the A or C input This means that pulsed signals are measured as easily as CW if the measurement time determined by the RESOLUTION switch is less than the width of the pulse 4 8 With the ARM switch ON FREQ A and FREQ C are armed by a trigger event at the B input This mode isuseful whenever itis desired to have real time control over when a measurementis to begin Useful applications include measuring frequency variations along a frequency burst and linearity testing of sweep generators Figure 4 1 illustrates the set up for measuring the linearity of a sweep generator The Channel B Trigger level is adjusted to trigger and thereby arm the counter at various points along the sweep out waveform By plotting
50. d the resolution is increased by N resolution 100 nS or ons for Option 040 The measurement time is equal to the period times N 4 12 In PERIOD and PERIOD AVG with the rear panel ARM switch OFF the measurement cycle is initiated by the SAMPLE RATE control With the ARM switch ON PERIOD and PERIOD AVG are armed by a trigger event at the B input To measure the frequency of a tone burst signal use arming and the PERIOD AVG for increased resolution over a low frequency measurement as shown in Figure 4 2 Select N equal to or less than the number of periods in the tone burst and adjust channel B trigger level to trigger on the first cycle of the input signal REAR PANEL ARM SWITCH ON ra B TRIGGER LIGHT INDICATES WHEN B TRIGGER EVENT ARMS MEASUREMENT Figure 4 2 Tone Burst Measurement Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Applications 4 13 TIME INTERVAL MEASUREMENTS 4 14 One of two time interval functions can be selected time interval or time interval average These functions measure the time interval between a START signal at the channel A input and STOP signal at the channel B input If both the START and the STOP signals are to be derived from the same signal place the universal module in COM A position Separate slope and level controls for each channel allow variable triggering on either positive or negative going slope 4 15 In
51. d time interval defined by events at channels A and B Units of the displayed reading are volteseconds FREQ A Sets counter to measure frequency at channel A PER A Sets counter to measure period at channel A PER AVG A Sets counter to make a period average measurement of the signal at channel A The number of periods over which the average measurement is made is determined by N selected by the RESOLUTION switch RATIO B A Sets counter to measure the ratio of the frequency at channel B to the frequency at channel A T I A gt B Sets counter to make a time interval measurement Start signal is applied to channel A and the stop signal is applied to channel B T I AVG AB Sets counter to make a time interval average measurement of the time interval from A to B The number of time intervals over which the average measurement is made is determined by N selected by the RESOLUTION switch EVENTS C A B Sets the counter to totalize the number of events at the channel C input during the synchronized time interval determined by inputs to channels A and B phantom functions which due to relatively limited use are not labeled on the 5328A front panel 4 RESOLUTION N selection 9 Selects resolution in frequency measurements and N for totalizing and averaging measurements Determines how long the main gate is open for frequency measurements N GATE TIME RESOLUTION 1 1 us 1 MHz 10 10 us 100 kHz 100 100 us 10 kHz 103 1 m
52. earity compare results to limits or perform many other functions 5 3 This section describes how to use the HP 9820A HP 9821A and HP 9830A Calculators to program the 5328A Universal Counter Before starting to operate a system it helps to be familiar with the selected calculator the capabilities of the HP IB and the manual operation and capabilities of the 5328A The following HP manuals provide very useful background information HP IB User s Guide 9820A 21A HP IB User s Guide 9830A 5328A Service Manual Each of these manuals is included with the appropriate hardware The User s Guides are included with the 1 O cards that interface the calculators to the HP IB The 5328A Service Manual is shipped with the 5328A Universal Counter 5 4 SETTING ADDRESS SWITCHES 5 5 To use the 5328A in an HP IB based system the first step is to set the rear panel address switches shown in Table 5 1 The left most switch sets the counter to ADDRESSABLE or TALK ONLY mode ADDRESSABLE mode is used whenever a calculator or other controller is used within the system TALK ONLY mode is used when the counter will be controlled manually but will output results to another device on the bus such as a printer or D A converter 5 6 The five right hand switches A5 through A1 set the talk and listen addresses of the 5328A when it is used in the ADDRESSABLE mode Table 5 1 shows the possible address settings and the corresponding ASCII codes for talk and listen add
53. es Meas urement modes Output modes and Reset commands HP IB commands responds to the following bus com mands see HP IB Users Guides for definitions Unlisten Untalk Local Lockout Device Clear Serial Poll Enable Serial Poll Disable Go to Local Selected Device Clear and Group Executive Trigger Service Request SRQ if enabled indicates end of measurement Maximum data output rate 500 readings sec Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A General Information 1 6 Table 1 3 Specifications Continued GENERAL Display 8 digit 9 with Opt 030 LED display Blanking Suppresses display of unwanted zeros to left of most significant digit Storage Holds reading between samples can be overridden by rear panel switch Sample rate Variable from less than 2 ms between measure ments to HOLD which holds display indefinitely Gate output Rear panel output TTL levels high when counter gate open Timebase output Rear panel output TTL levels Check signal With function switch in CHECK counter should display 10 MHz X1 count With opt 040 place function switch in Freq A and universal module in CHECK CHK counter should display 100 MHz 1 count Timebase standard crystal Aging rate lt 3 x 10 month Temperature 2 5 x 10 5 0 to 50 C Line voltage 1 x 1077 for 10 change Opt 010 over oscillator Aging rate 5
54. fferences between this manual and your instrument Instruments having higher serial prefixes are covered with a Manual Changes sheet included with this manual If the change sheet is missing contact the nearest Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Office listed at the back of this manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 1 1 Model 5328A General Information 1 2 1 8 APPLICATIONS 1 9 Specific applications information is provided in Section IV The general application features of the 5328A are described in the following paragraphs 1 10 The high sensitivity frequency range and signal conditioning controls see Table 1 3 make the 5328A ideally suited for a wide range of applications The direct count feature of the 5328A means that prescaling technigues are not used to achieve the 100 MHz freguency range up to 512 MHz with Option 030 Direct count speed is reguired in high speed totalizing or system applications The dynamic range input attenuators and trigger level range see Table 1 3 permit measurements to be made on virtually any signal 1 11 The controlled arming feature of the 5328A is useful in applications such as burst fre quency measurements and pulse amplitude measurements 1 12 The optional integrating digital voltmeters measure trigger levels critical in most time interval measurements and external voltages The hysteresis compensation fe
55. gger error still further but not the trigger level uncertainty error The error is reduced by WN for time intervals averaging and by N for period averaging ng INPUT SIGNAL SLOPE TRIGGERING HYSTERESIS BAND PEAK NOISE VOLTAGE TRIGGER ERROR ee T ii SIGNAL SLEW RATE SIGNAL SLEW RATE Figure 3 7 Trigger Error Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 3 7 Model 5328A Operation o 00 00 O Mi SISA UNIVERSAL COUNTER HEWLETT PEERERD ERoopEe MEN k 1 4 o0 o eooo0000 1 POWER switch In off up position supplies power to oven of the Option 010 high stability time base to maintain a constant temperature for the crystal In ON position supplies normal operating power to the instrument WARNING THE AC POWER INPUT CIRCUITS TO TRANSFORMER T1 AND THE UNREGULATED DC VOLTAGE ARE STILL ON EVEN WHEN THE POWER SWITCH IS OFF CONTACT WITH THESE CIRCUITS CAN RESULT IN INJURY TO PERSONNEL OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT RESET button Resets display and internal count to zero When continuously depressed lights all segments of the LED display and all annunciator LED s for LED test Returns 5328A to LOCAL CONTROL when Option 011 HP IB Interface is in use FUNCTION selector Selects mode of operation a RATIO C A Sets counter to measure the ratio of the frequency at channel C Option 030 channel C installed to the frequency
56. h above kits Test leads dual banana plug to alligator clips 60 inches long 11002A Test leads dual banana plug to pencil probe and alligator clips 60 in long 11003A 500 Coaxial Cable terminated on both ends with UG 88C U BNC 10503A male connectors 48 inches long PAGE 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com MANUAL CHANGES MODEL 5328A Page 2 PERRATA Cont d Page 1 6 Table 1 3 Specifications Change heading bold type from Opt 010 over oscillator to Opt 010 oven oscillator Delete all information under Available Accessories and insert See Table 1 2 Page 2 2 Paragraph 2 18 Delete all of paragraph 2 18 except the first sentence and add the following To mount the counter in a rack it is necessary to order and install the rack flange kit listed in Table 1 2 Page 3 8 Figure 3 8 Page 3 12 Figure 3 10 Page 3 19 Paragraph 3 52 Delete all information under WARNING and substitute the following Refer to HIGH VOLTAGE warning on page vi SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS Page 3 24 Figure 3 17 Level Control Settings In the waveform shown for the A MARKER and the B MARKER change the polarity of the pulses from positive going to negative going OV to 100 mV Page 4 3 Paragraph 4 16 In paragraph 4 16 and Figure 4 3 change the dead time for Option 040 from 20 ns to 40 ns Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Gua
57. hannel A and the stop signal is applied to channel B T I AVG A B Sets counter to make a time interval average measurement of the time interval from A TO B The number of time intervals over which the average measurement is made is determined by N selected by the RESOLUTION switch EVENTS C A B Sets the counter to totalize the number of events at the channel C input during the synchronized time interval determined by inputs to channels A and B phantom functions which due to relatively limited use are not labeled on the 5328A front panel 4 RESOLUTION N selection 9 Selects resolution in frequency measurements and N for totalizing and averaging measurements Determines how long the main gate is open for frequency measurements N GATE TIME RESOLUTION 1 1 us 1MHz 10 10 us 100 kHz 100 100 us 10 kHz 10 1ms 1 kHz 104 01s 100 Hz 105 Is 10 Hz 106 1s 1Hz 107 10s 1 Hz SAMPLE RATE control varies time between measurements continuously from less than 2 ms to HOLD which holds display indefinitely Figure 3 10 Model 5328A Option 040 Front Panel Operation Summary Continued Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation LEVEL control Q9 D Used in conjunction with ATTEN switch to select voltage at which triggering occurs With X1 attenuator level is variable over 2 5 volts In X2 5 volts in X20 50 volts l SLOPE switch
58. he A input over which the ratio measurement is made Resolution improves with increasing N RATIO B A RATIO C A DVM AT Indicates scale factor In START the frequency at A is scaled by N In START CLOCK internal oscillator is scaled by N Independent of RESOLUTION setting START START CLOCK EVENTS C A to B DVM A to Bf DVM A Indicates the number of counts at the A input over which the ratio measurement is made The DVM circuits are of the V to F type with the factor 10 kHz volt Resolution improves with increased N Annunciator is not displayed in units V but prefix m u n etc is displayed t Phantom functions 3 63 Input Channel Selection 3 64 Two separate inputs are provided on the standard universal module The A and B inputs are identical in specification and identical controls are provided for each input to allow maximum versatility and accuracy The COM A SEP switch located between the two inputs controls the selection of input 3 65 In the SEP position the A and B inputs and controls operate independently of each other for applications in time interval ratio or other operations where the signals applied to the A and B inputs are from different sources 3 66 In the COM A position the input circuits are connected as described in the following paragraphs The difference beteen the standard and Option 040 universal modules is shown 3 67 STANDARD UNIVERS
59. he counter from acting as a listener UNT Untalk ASCII underscore Clears the counter from acting as a talker The same result can be achieved by addressing any other device on the bus to talk b Universal Commands LLO Local Lockout ASCII DC1 Disables all programmable controls including reset Go to Local GTL may be used to return to manual control DCL Device Clear ASCII DC4 Resets the programmed state of the counter to the codes shown in bold face in the program code set Has the same effect as the program code P SPE Serial Poll Enable ASCII CAN Sets the counter to the serial poll mode When addressed to talk during the serial poll mode the 5328A produces a status byte to indicate its condition If the counter has completed a measurement and is requesting service the status byte contains a 1 in bit 7 decimal value 64 If the counter has not requested service the status byte will be O in all bits When addressed to talk in the serial poll mode the counter will immediately stop requesting service Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 5 9 Model 5328A Programming SPD Serial Poll Disable ASCII EM Terminates the serial poll mode The 5328A can resume its normal data output mode c Addressed Commands GTL Go to Local ASCII SOH Returns the 5328A to local manual control from remote control SDC Selected Device Cle
60. ibing how the counter performs a frequency measurement if n is the number of cycles of a signal that occurs in a time period t the average frequency f of that signal over the time period t is given by D t 1 3 5 Frequency 3 6 The counter measures the frequency f by accumulating the number of cycles n of the input signal that occurs over the time period t The basic counter elements necessary to perform this measurement are shown in Figure 3 1 INPUT INPUT AMP SIGNAL amp TRIGGER DECADE COUNTING ASSEMBLIES MAIN GATE FLIP FLOP DISPLAY TIME BASE DECADE OSCILLATOR DIVIDERS Figure 3 1 Basic Elements of the Frequency Counter 3 7 INPUT AMPLIFIER AND TRIGGER essentially conditions the input signal to a form that is compatible with the internal circuitry of the counter As Figure 3 1 indicates the output of the amplifier trigger is a pulse train where each pulse corresponds to one cycle or event of the input signal 3 1 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 8 TIME BASE OSCILLATOR is that element of the counter from which the time t of Equation 1 is derived From Equation 1 it may be seen that the accuracy with which t is determined has a significant effect on the measurement accuracy of the frequency f Consequently the 5328A employs a 10 MHz precision crystal oscillator as the time base element 3 9 DECADE DIVID
61. icators 2 17 Rack Mounting 2 18 The counter is ready for bench operation as shipped from the factory To mount the counter in a rack it is necessary to attach side flanges at the front of the counter The side flanges may be ordered from the factory For rack installation of counters with handles useFlange Part No 5020 8873 For installation of counters without handles use Flange Part No 5020 8861 To convert to rack installation proceed as follows a Remove tilt stand b Removefeet press the foot release button slide foot toward center of instrument and lift off c Remove trim strips and handles if desired at front end of sides d Attach flanges to front end of sides Instrument is now ready to mountin standard rack CAUTION AMBIENT TEMPERATURE IN RACK DURING OPERATION SHOULD NOT EXCEED 122 F 50 C BE SURE INSTRUMENT POSITION IN RACK PERMITS ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION AND THAT NEARBY EQUIPMENT DOES NOT DISCHARGE HOT AIR DIRECTLY ON THE INSTRUMENT 2 19 PACKAGING FOR RESHIPMENT 2 20 Original Packaging 2 21 Thesame containers and materials used infactory packaging can be obtained through the Hewlett Packard Sales and Service Offices listed at the rear of this manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Installation 2 22 If the counter is being returned to Hewlett Packard for service attach a tag indicating the type of servi
62. mpedance position and the input capacitance increases to approximately 65 pF In 500 position the impedance remains 500 for COM A The sensitivity dynamic range and damage levels remain unchanged TRIGGER LEVEL AND SLOPE TRIGGER LEVEL AND SLOPE Figure 3 15 Option 040 Universal Module Input Switch Configuration for COM A 3 22 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 70 The A and B input amplifiers have independent LEVEL SLOPE and ATTEN controls regardless of the mode of operation SEP or COM A 3 71 Signal Conditioning Standard and Option 040 3 72 AC DC SWITCH The AC DC switch controls the coupling of the external signal to the attenuator amplifier by switching a capacitor in series in the AC position or by direct coupling in the DC position The obvious advantage of AC coupling is to provide a DC block for signals containing a DC component AC has the disadvantage of being unable to pass low frequency signals below 20 Hz for the 5328A A distinct advantage of having DC coupling cover the full bandwidth DC 100 MHz is that extremely accurate time interval or pulse measurements can be achieved even though pulse widths or repetition rates vary since the trigger point is independent of the duty cycle of the input signal 3 73 ATTENUATOR The attenuator ATTEN connects the inputsignal directly to the amplifier in X1 or through a 1
63. ncy Standard Input 3 25 3 83 Marker Outputs sariate ian de nn 3 25 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Table of Contents List of Figures TABLE OF CONTENTS Continued Section Title Page ul OPERATION Continued 3 87 Gate QU 25i dr E epe ERA Ea RU d e dnd aos 3 25 3 89 Time Base QUE 142 Eher excu Rn eee RT t Ro RU a le bt 3 25 3 91 External Frequency Standard cette eee eee 3 25 3 93 Trigger Light scedcc casrsedarts Rr eR prre pn 3 26 3 96 Delay Option 040 III 3 26 IV APPLICATIONS fis ok REP Re Pd nx e bis or de NER p ORE 4 1 4 1 Introduction cec e uu lu Rr Ra ERR no dong IAE FERREIS 4 1 4 3 Frequency Measurements 0 cc cece cece eee nnn 4 1 4 9 Period Measurements 200s ccc ec eee cece teen eee enn 4 1 4 13 Time Interval Measurements 0 0 c cece cece eens 4 3 4 21 Totalizing Measurements c cece ence eee ete eee 4 5 4 24 DVM Measurements sese AA 4 5 4 25 ODptlon 020 erroria nena iex LE EFT RU Stalo recta ad oe es 4 5 4 29 Option Wl lt 1soncrcaaenede dectnbinddoindnsreseteninessadass 4 5 4 37 Ratio Measurements maaawa maan 4 7 V PROGRAMMING OPTION 011 HP IB INTERFACE LL 5 1 5 1 Introduction lisse are hh 5 1 5 4 Setting Address Switches cece eee cece eee eee ees 5 1 5
64. ng paragraphs 3 36 1 Count Ambiguity 3 37 Since the signal input to the main gate of the counter and the clock input are not coherent an inherent 1 count ambiguity exists in the count accumulated in the decade counting assemblies This is illustrated by Figure 3 6 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 6 CASE NO 1 CASE NO 2 SIGNAL INPUT TO MAIN GATE 1 1 1 1 1 I o ee pe GATE OPENING SIGNAL COUNTED MLO Figure 3 6 1 Count Ambiguity NOTE The main gate is open for the same time tm in both cases Incoherence between the clock and the input signal can result in two different counts which for this example are 1 for case No 1 and 2 for case No 2 3 38 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT ERROR The error caused by the ambiguity is in absolute terms 1 of the accumulated count For a frequency measurement the signal counted is the input signal of frequency fin Thus the relative error is given by 1 count error relative frequency measurement error Af _ 1 2 3 39 PERIOD MEASUREMENT ERROR For period measurement on the other hand the signal counted is the internal time base clock of period tc Hence the relative error becomes 1 count error relative period measurement error AT tt 3 T Tin 3 40 MAIN GATE REQUIREMENTS The 1 count error described above assumes the main gate itself doe
65. ntation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming 5 12 Triggering a Measurement 5 13 The calculator must trigger each measurement when the 5328A is programmed for single measurement mode S0 Two trigger methods are available The program code T offers the simplest way to trigger a measurement However the bus command Group Execute Trigger GET may also be used The counter responds more quickly to GET also GET can trigger the counter simultaneously with other devices on the bus Using the progarm code T zi das T 9820A 21A 30A Using Group Execute Trigger oba NG je 9820A i 9821A This strange symbol is produced by the display key 5 14 If the counter is programmed for multiple measurements S1 the counter will start each measurement without a trigger command see Figure 5 1 When the counter is also programmed to wait to output S2 it will start anew measurement as soon as the calculator reads the previous one In the continuous cycle mode S3 the counter does not wait to output but starts a new measurement This mode is useful for the user to visually monitor a series of readings RESET READ DATA ON FLY WAIT TO ADDRESSED OUTPUT OUTPUT DATA MEASUREMENT Figure 5 1 5328A Measurement Cycle 5 6 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com
66. ology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 80 External Freguency Standard Input 3 81 The rear panel external frequency standard OSC INT EXT input is useful for locking the counter to a high stability external frequency standard This external standard must be in the range of 30 kHz to 10 MHz with an amplitude of gt 1V rms into 1 kQ maximum input of 5V peak to peak If the frequency input is not 10 MHz the counter operates with frequency measurements multiplied by the factor 10 MHz fext and time measurements multiplied by the factor fext 10 MHz For example in a frequency measurement a 1 MHz external standard would give a 100 second measurement time for the RESOLUTION switch in the 1 Hz positon and would display a 100 kHz input as 1000 kHz whereas ina period measurement with RESOLUTION set for maximum a 100 kHz input 10 usec period would be displayed as 1 usec The measurementtime however would be unaffected 3 82 For the Option 040 only the external frequency standard must be 10 MHz for PERIOD AVG T I AVG AB PERIOD N 1 and T I A B N 1 Otherwise phase lock will not be achieved and the time base signal will bear no relationship to the frequency of the external frequency standard 3 83 Marker Outputs 3 84 The marker outputs for the standard and for the Option 040 universal module are described in the following paragraphs 3 85 MARKER OUTPU
67. on namely the minimum measurable time interval is limited to the period of the clock This limitation is removed by circuits known as synchronizers which are employed in the 5328A to measure intervals as small as 100 ps 3 4 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 3 30 The 5328A synchronizers operate as in Figure 3 5 The top waveshape shows a repetitive time interval which is asynchronous to the square wave clock When these signals are applied to the main gate an outputsimilar to the third waveform results no synchronizers Note that much of this output results in transitions of shorter duration than the clock pulses DCA s designed to count at the clock frequency are unable to accept pulses of shorter duration than the clock The counts accumulated in the DCA s will therefore approximate those shown in the fourth trace the exact number of counts is indeterminant since the number of short duration pulses actually counted by the DCA s cannotbeknown Since the time interval to be measured is slightly greater than the clock period the fourth waveshape shows that the average answer will be in error having been biased usually low because of the DCA s requirement of having a full clock pulse to be counted START START START STOP STOP STOP CLOCK GATE OUT COUNTS ACCUMULATED IN DCA S WITH SYNCHRONIZERS J l j l J l l l COUNTS ACCUMULATED
68. on 030 Channel C Front Panel Operation Summary Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation MM AA COUNTER DIGITAL VOLTMETER LB KEWLETTPACKARO 1 FUNCTION switch Functions which use the DVM are a DVM Measures the voltage at the DVM terminals for a period of time determined by the setting of the RESOLUTION N switch N MEASUREMENT TIME 107 10 s 106 1s 105 0 15 104 10 ms 103 1 ms 1 b DVM A Scales voltage at the DVM terminals by the factor freq A where freq A lt 10 MHz N selects the number of events at A over which the measurement is made c DVM A B Integrates voltage at the DVM terminals over the synchronized time interval defined by events at channel A and B Units of the displayed reading are volteseconds phantom Function 2 switch positions clockwise from STOP phantom Function 3 switch positions clockwise from STOP DVM FUNCTION switch a DVM 100 VDC RANGE With FUNCTION switch in DVM measures the voltage at the DVM terminals in the range of 0 to 125V dc READ A Regardless of setting of FUNCTION switch measures channel A trigger level READ B Regardless of setting of FUNCTION switch measures channel B trigger level HI input terminal Input terminal for high potential of external voltage GND input terminal Input terminal for ground potential of external voltage Figure 3 12
69. ope 2 0025 usec ZE tor 40 dB S N signal slope in V usec 1 4 Specifications PERIOD MEASUREMENTS Period A standard and option 040 Range 0 10 MHz Resolution 100 ns to 1 s in decade steps 10 ns to 0 1 s with opt 040 Accuracy 1 count timebase error trigger error Display ns us ms s Period Average A standard and option 040 the period of the signal at the A input is averaged over the number of periods N indicated by the resolution switch N 1 to 107 Range 0 10 MHz Resolution 100 ns to 01 ps in decade steps 10 ns to 001 ps with opt 040 Accuracy 1 count displayed timebase error trigger error no periods averaged TIME INTERVAL MEASUREMENTS Time Interval A to B standard and option 040 Range 100 ns 10 s 10 ns 10 s with opt 040 Resolution 100 ns to 1 s in decade steps 10 ns to 0 1 s with opt 040 Accuracy 1 count timebase error trigger error Time Interval Average A to B standard and option 040 The time interval between a start signal at A and a stop signal at B is averaged over the number of time intervals N indicated by the resolution switch N 1 to 107 Range 0 1 ns 10 s 0 1 ns 1 s with opt 040 100 ns 10 ps Resolution 4 no intervals averaged P 10 ns 10 ps with opt 040 4 no intervals averaged P P Accuracy DY ns s trigger error 4ns timebase error no intervals averaged ald ns trigger error
70. pa kaan nw bka ken erbe aset ded e ex dd ace or 3 2 3 3 Basic Elements of a Time Interval Counter aaa 3 3 3 4 Clock Pulses 135 ete re eret RE Rex baat en EAM o ted 3 4 3 5 Synchronizer Operation with Time Interval Averaging 3 5 3 6 1 Count Ambiguity 22 cece cece cece En EEA ANERE EEEE 3 6 3 7 THgEePEFIFOF zan ETIKA ehh dana dee tiie RERO Rd Rie res dd cd 3 7 3 8 Standard 5328A Front Panel Operation Summary sess 3 8 3 9 Model 5328A Rear Panel Controls and Connectors 3 11 3 10 Model 5328A Option 040 Front Panel Operation Summary 3 12 3 11 Model 5328A Option 030 Channel C Front Panel Operation Summary 6c ccc cece ccc nnn 3 15 3 12 Model 5328A Option 020 DVM Front Panel Operation Summary 3 16 3 13 Model 5328A Option 021 High Performance DVM Front Panel Operation Summary a 3 17 3 14 Standard Universal Module Input Switch Configuration for COM A 3 22 3 15 Option 040 Universal Module Input Switch Configuration for COM A 3 22 3 16 Slope Switch Settings wasak xe tdm vR RA ex Rama a RERER 3 23 3 17 Level Control Settings ee 3 24 3 18 Hysteresis Band Xa kA NAE k v d side e PER AG d TR ERAT CREAR Ed 3 24 3 19 Delay MONG usa sb esa dd rei bd ddd addidi ee PR URS E aa 3 26 3 20 Time Interval Average Delay Mode sense 3 27 4 1 Measuring Linearity 0 6c ccc ccc e Ih
71. quency range of dc to 100 MHz 3 95 Thetrigger lights can be used with a 10 1 oscilloscope probe to provide a logic probe type function By adjusting the trigger level to one tenth since using 10 1 divider probes of the threshold voltage for the logic family under investigation e g 14 volts for TTL the light indicates the logic state of circuit points which are contacted with the probe When the trigger level light is ON the circuit node is a high i e above the threshold voltage If the light is OFF the node is a logical low If the light blinks then pulses up to 100 MHz rep rate are present at the node The trigger lights can also detect the polarity of low rep rate pulses down to 5 nsec pulse width Positive pulses cause the light to blink on while negative pulses cause the light to blink off 3 96 Delay Option 040 3 97 The delay mode is activated by the inner concentric knob on the LEVEL A control of the Option 040 Universal Model read LED indicates that delay is activated In the delay mode Channel A triggers and is then disabled from triggering again until the delay times out disabled state occurs within 1 us after triggering Channel B is continously disabled until the delay times out After the delay both A and B are enabled The delay time may be measured by placing the counter in T I A B and the Universal Module in check CHK The delay mode of operation is illustrated in Figure 3 19 Therange of delay time is con
72. r slope In any other function the trigger level represents the middle of the hysteresis band 4 28 The DVM has a 0 to 125V range and allowable measurement times for 1 ms to 10 s These times are determined by the setting of the RESOLUTION switch according to the following table Max Sensitivity RESOLUTION N Measurement Time 100 mV 1 kHz 10 1ms 10 mV 1 kHz 104 10 ms 1 mV 10 Hz 105 100 ms 1 mV 1 Hz 106 1s 1 mv 1 Hz 107 105 The Option 020 DVM issingle ended One of the inputterminals is grounded Levels over 125V dc are read as 125V dc Maximum input is 500V dc 4 29 Option 021 4 30 Three modes of Option 021 voltmeter operation may be selected DVM READ A or READ B When a mode is selected by depressing the appropriate pushbutton the digital voltmeter measures the trigger level of channel A or B regardless of the setting of the FUNCTION switch A Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 4 5 Model 5328A Applications 4 6 V annunciators is displayed to indicate that a voltage measurement is being made To return control to the FUNCTION selector the trigger level pushbutton must be released by pressing When the FUNCTION selector switch is in DVM external voltages applied to the Option 021 s floating input may be measured in a 10V 100V or 1000V range or select AUTO ranging 4 31 A filter switch allows a filter to be switched into the input path to
73. ranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com rtisan Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality Technology Group new and certified used pre owned equipment FAST SHIPPING AND SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS WE BUY USED EOUIPMENT DELIVERY Experienced engineers and technicians on staff Sell your excess underutilized and idle used eguipment TENS OF THOUSANDS OF at our full service in house repair center We also offer credit for buy backs and trade ins IN STOCK ITEMS www artisantg com WeBuyEquipment EQUIPMENT DEMOS HUNDREDS OF Instra REMOTE INSPECTION LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION MANUFACTURERS Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with Visit us on the web at www artisantg com 7 for more our interactive website at www instraview com 7 information on price quotations drivers technical LEASING MONTHLY specifications manuals and documentation RENTALS ITAR CERTIFIED naia ala d Contact us 388 88 SOURCE sales artisantg com www artisantg com
74. resses 5 7 The examples listed in this section assume an address setting of 01010 This setting gives a talk address of J and a listen address of 5 8 The setting 11111 should not be used as it is reserved for the Untalk and Unlisten commands Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming Table 5 1 Addressing ADDRESSABLE ODD A5 A4 A3 A2 A TALK ADDRESS SWITCHES ONLY ASCII ADDRESS CODES ASCII ASCII LISTEN TALK Ac A4 Aa A gt A1 ADDRESS ADDRESS 0 0 0 0 0 SP 0 0 0 0 A 0 0 0 1 0 a B 0 0 0 l C 0 0 1 0 0 D 0 0 1 0 1 E 0 0 1 0 amp F 0 0 1 l 5 G 0 1 0 0 0 H 0 1 0 0 1 I 0 1 0 1 0 J 0 0 1 K 0 1 1 0 0 L 0 l l 0 1 M 0 1 l 1 0 N 0 l 1 1 1 O 1 0 0 0 0 1 P 1 0 0 0 1 1 Q 1 0 0 1 0 2 R 1 0 0 l 1 3 S 1 0 l 0 0 4 T 1 0 l 0 1 5 U 1 0 1 l 0 6 V 1 0 1 1 l 7 W 1 1 0 0 0 8 X 1 1 0 0 l 9 Y 1 1 0 1 0 Z 1 1 0 1 1 1 l 0 0 lt 1 1 l 0 l 1 l 1 1 0 gt 5 2 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Programming 5 9 PROGRAMMING THE 5328A 5 10 The HP 9820A 21A 30A Calculators use the CMD statement to program the 5328A The calculator addresses itself to talk and the counter to listen then transmits a series of program codes The codes to control the operation
75. s 1kHz 104 01 s 100 Hz 105 Is 10 Hz 106 1s 1Hz 107 105 4 Hz 5 SAMPLE RATE control Varies time between measurements continuously from less than 2ms to HOLD which holds display indefinitely Figure 3 8 Standard 5328A Front Panel Operation Summary Continued 3 9 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 OUTPUT MARKERS Q Inverted channel A and B Schmitt trigger outputs indicate when a channel has triggered 0 to 100 mV levels into 500 with less than 20ns delay Coupling switch AC DC B Selects ac or dc coupling for input signal When input amplifier control switch is in COM A channel B coupling is determined by setting of channel A coupling switch ATTEN switch selects attenuation of input signal Signal amplitude is reduced by 10 in X10 and by 100 in X100 When input amplifier control switch is in COM A channel B attenuation is determined by setting of channel A attenuation switch Channel inputs Input channels A and B Input amplifier control switch Selects independent operation of channels A and B in SEP separate position In COM A common A position the signal at A is also applied to channel B The B input is disconnected from the input circuitry channel B coupling and attenuation are determined by the channel A settings See
76. s applications information necessary to obtain the most effective performance from the 5328A and options Specific details and examples are provided for making measurements of frequency period time interval and time interval average totalizing and ratio Use of the optional DVM s in making measurementsis included in addition to the use of the external frequency standard input Programming information for use with the HP IB Interface Option 011 is provided in Section V 4 3 FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS a CM cignal halaw 100 Mus cal DC A A T l f 4 4 O Make a iregi y asurement on a CVV Signa DEiOW iuu IvimZ Seiect FRE A To make a freguency measurement function select the appropriate input signal conditioning see Paragraph 3 71 and apply the signal to the A input of the standard or Option 040 universal module The RESOLUTION switch determines the resolution of the measurement Since the 5328A is a conventional counter 1 Hz resolution is obtained in 1 second of measurement time e g 1 Hz in 10 seconds The 1 Hz best case freguency resolution limits the low freguency measurement accuracy In practice low freguencies are measured by making a period or period average measurement and inverting the result to obtain freguency 4 5 To make a frequency measurement on a CW signal in the range of 5 512 MHz Option 030 select FREQ C function and apply the signal to the Option 030 Channel C input Make sure that the amplitude does not ex
77. s ground is 500V dc 4 35 With the rear panel ARM switch ON a DVM measurement is initiated by an eventat the B input This ability to command a DVM measurement can be particularly useful when measuring switched dc levels such as from dc supplies or D to A converters operating in computer operated test systems By adjusting channelB to trigger on the transition from one voltage to the next the DVM makes a measurement only during the time that the level is stable 4 36 Figure 4 7 illustrates an example of an armed DVM measurement Select a measurement time less than the width of the step to be measured and adjust the B trigger level to trigger on the leading edge of the step Figure 4 7 Armed DVM Measurement Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Applications 4 37 RATIO MEASUREMENTS 4 38 Incontrast to many counters which relegate ratio measurements to limited capability rear panel inputs the 5328A offers full bandwidth sensitivity and signal conditioning of the channel A B and C input amplifiers 4 39 Two ratio functions are available B A and C A for Option 030 channel C installed The ratio of the frequency at B or C to the frequency at A is measured for N counts of A where N is selected by the RESOLUTION switch The resolution of the measurement improves with increasing N and is given by 1 partin B A x N or C A x N Since the range of
78. s not contribute any error As with any gate however the main gate does exhibit propagation delays and takes finite times to both switch on and off Any differential between the times taken for the main gate to switch on and off show up as uncertainties in the length of time the gate isopen Thisuncertainty in turn translates into a measurement error that increases the 1 count However the uncertainty in the main gate of the 5328A is substantially less than the period of the highest frequency counted so this error is not appreciable 3 41 Time Base Error 3 42 Any error in the time base oscillator directly translates itself into a measurement error Thus if the total of all the oscillator errors amount to 1 x 105 the total error contributed by the Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation time base in the measurement of a 10 MHz signal is 1 x 1076 x 107 10 Hz Similarly for the measurement of a 100 msec period the error would be 1 x 105 x 1071 1 x 1077 or 100 nsec 3 43 Trigger Error 3 44 Noise on the input signal will cause uncertainties in the point at which the Schmitt trigger switches Provided the noise is not large enough to cause false triggering i e cross both limits of the hysteresis band which would produce more pulses out of the Schmitt trigger than input cycles to it no significant error is introduced in a frequency measurement
79. s which occur before the next start pulse are accumulated and give erroneous readings For example the case illustrated in Figure 4 4 would result in a reading equal toone half of the desired time interval The delay feature of the Option 040 is useful for ignoring intervening stop pulses in time interval measurements with multiple stops see Figure 3 14 START PULSES FROM A STOP PULSES FROM B Figure 4 4 Multiple STOP Pulses Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Applications 4 4 4 18 To set up a time interval measurement the marker outputs may be monitored on an oscilloscope see Figure 4 5 to indicate where the channels are triggering with relation to the time interval of interest The Option 040 T I A B marker output is high during the time interval being measured Voltage levels sent to the DVM either Option 020 or 021 indicate trigger levels for ease in measurement set up OUTPUT INPUT INPUT MARKER A B OSCILLOSCOPE Figure 4 5 Monitoring Marker Outputs 4 19 In T I A B and T I AVG AB both input amplifiers of the Option 040 universal module have an automatic compensation network that offsets the hysteresis band to keep the trigger level at the same potential when switching between positive and negative slope This saves set up time since trigger levels need only be set once for both positive and
80. single shot time interval measurements channel A opens the main gate and channel B closes the main gate While the main gate is open 10 MHz 100 MHz for Option 040 is divided by the setting of the RESOLUTION switch and totalized by the counter For optimum resolution select N 1 Other N values may be chosen to prevent display overflow e g long time intervals or to get rid of unstable digits In time interval average measurements the main gate is open for the number of time intervals selected by the RESOLUTION switch The standard 5328A 10 MHz clock or the Option 040 s 100 MHz clock is totalized only during the individual time intervals The resolution of the measurement is improved by the VN 4 16 In order to allow the synchronizers time to reset during time interval averaging there mustbe at least 150 ns of dead time for the standard module corresponds to a rep rate less than 6 5 MHz and at least 20 ns dead time for the Option 040 and the additional constraint that the rep rate be less than 10 MHz Dead time is the time between the preceding time interval s stop event and the current time intervals start event as shown in Figure 4 3 START STOP START l T I MEASURED DEAD TIME A SLOPE gt 150 ns STANDARD B SLOPE gt 20 ns OPTION 040 PLUS A REP RATE LESS THAN 10 MHz Figure 4 3 Dead Time 4 17 During a time interval average there must be only one stop pulse for each start pulse Extraneous stop pulse
81. sts accessories available Table 1 1 Equipment Supplied DESCRIPTION HP PART NO p o P O Delnnr tar 71 fa 1991 I Detacna Power Cora 77 ft 231 cm long Table 1 2 Accessories Available DESCRIPTION HP PART NO HP Interface Bus Interconnect Cable 10631A 3 ft long 914 mm 10631B 6 ft long 1828 mm 10631C 12 ft long 3656 mm Rack Mount Flange for mounting 5328A with handles 5020 8873 2 each for mounting 5328A without handles 5020 8861 2 each 1 21 SPECIFICATIONS 1 22 Table 1 3 lists detailed specifications for the 5328A including all options 1 3 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A General Information Table 1 3 INPUT CHARACTERISTICS Channel A and B standard and option 040 Sensitivity 25 mV rms 0 40 MHz dc coupled 20 Hz 40 MHz ac coupled 200 kHz 40 MHz ac coupled and 5082 with Opt 040 50 mV rms 40 MHz 100 MHz Min pulse width 5 ns 140 mV p p Coupling Ac or Dc switch selectable Impedance 1 MX 40 pF switch selectable 1 MQ or 5002 nominal with Opt 040 Trigger Level Variable over 2 5 volts times attenuator setting with 0 volt preset position Trigger Slope independent selection of or slope Attenuators X1 X10 X100 X1 X2 X20 with Opt 040 Dynamic Range 25 mV to 1 V rms x attenuator setting for 0 40 MHz 50 mV to 500 mV rms x attenuator setting for 40 100 MHz
82. ted by the use of an extension cord power cable without a protective conductor grounding Make sure that only fuses with the required rated current and of the specified type normal blow time delay etc are used for replacement The use of repaired fuses and the short circuiting of fuse holders must be avoided Whenever it is likely that the protection offered by fuses has been impaired the instrument must be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation GROUNDING Any interruption of the protective grounding conductor inside or outside the instrument or disconnecting the protective earth terminal is likely to make this instrument dangerous Intentional interruption is prohibited HIGH VOLTAGE Any adjustment maintenance and repair of the opened instrument under voltage should be avoided as much as possible and when inevitable should be carried out only by a skilled qualified person who is aware of the hazard involved Capacitors inside the instrument may still be charged even if the instrument has been dis connected from its source of supply Adjustments and service described herein are performed with power supplied to the instrument while protective covers are removed Energy available at many points may if contacted result in personal injury Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Safety Considerations CAUTIONS L
83. tinuously variable from 20 us to 20 ms For time interval average measurements using delay the minimum dead time time between the stop signal and the next start signal is 1 usec and is illustrated in Figure 3 20 Delay may be used in the following functions FREQ A PER A PER AVG A T I A B T I AVG A B RATIO C A START A EVENTS C AB 3 98 Delay mode is extremely useful for ignoring signals which would otherwise trigger the counter Applications include relay timing measurements use delay to ignore contact bounce pulse timing between nonadjacent pulses and frequency measurements on noisy signals lt 1 uS INPUT SIGNAL A W N AM A Aw DELAY 20 uS gt ba TO 20 ms COUNTER COUNTS Figure 3 19 Delay Mode Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Modle 5328A Operation A ARMING OFF A INPUT B COMMON l EE 1 US 20 us TO DELAY 20 ms le MEASURED T I COUNTER SEES B ARMING ON A INPUT B COMMON MEASURED T I COUNTER SEES Figure 3 20 Time Interval Average Delay Mode 3 27 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5382A Applications SECTION IV APPLICATIONS 4 1 INTRODUCTION 4 2 This section contain
84. tion and Service Manual for each option with the exception of Option 010 High Stability Time Base Field installation instructions for Option 010 are provided in Section V of the 5328A Service Manual Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com 2 3 Model 5328A Installation POWER CABLE HP NO 8120 1689 Germany France Sweden Netherlands Yugoslavia Belgium Norway Finland POWER CABLE HP NO 8120 1351 Great Britain POWER CABLE HP NO 8120 1369 Australia New Zealand POWER CABLE NO 8120 1348 U S A Canada Figure 2 1 Power Cables 2 4 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation SECTION Ill OPERATION 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 Thissection containsoperating information necessary to understand operation and control of the instrument A description of basic counter operation is provided followed by a front panel operation summary for the standard mainframe Figure 3 8 and a separate operation summary for each option Figures 3 10 through 3 13 Rear panel controls and connectors are described in Figure 3 9 Detailed information is provided on the use of controls and indicators Information on how to make measurements in the various measurement modes is provided in Section IV 3 3 BASIC COUNTER OPERATION 3 4 Theoperation of the frequency counter is best understood by descr
85. tions 3 60 Resolution N Switch 3 61 The RESOLUTION N switch determines the amount of time that the counter s main gate is open for a particular measurement when the Main Gate FF see Figure 3 1 determines the gate time Depending on the measurement this time results in a certain measurement resolution e g frequency measurements a number of intervals averaged e g T I AVG measurements a scaling factor by which the time base is divided e g period measurements or an integration time e g DVM measurements Table 3 2 shows thesetting of the RESOLUTION switch and the corresponding time the main gate is open Table 3 2 Resolution Switch Settings and Gate Times 3 62 Table 3 3 summarizes the FUNCTIONS and the corresponding interpretation of the RESOLUTION N switch setting Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation Table 3 3 Functions and Resolution Switch Settings FUNCTION RESOLUTION N Switch FREQ A FREQ C PERIOD A T I A to B Indicates frequency resolution in Hz Indicates the factor N by which time base is scaled Maximum resolution occurs with N 1 Indicates number of time intervals or periods over which the average measurement is made PERIOD AVG A T I AVG A to B DVM Indicates the integration time per Table 3 2 for the measurment Indicates the number of counts at t
86. udias Bd u eo DRE ees dae EEG ERE doa dr 2 3 2 28 Options Installation lsslleeleleee sre 2 3 OPERATION nate aedes de r a vee aag IAE e TOS 3 1 3 1 Introduction a 3 1 3 3 Basic Counter Operation ccc cece en eee eens 3 1 3 5 FreGUSNCY a ab blb NANG enh ANA ANAN teak Hames bees 3 1 3 13 Penod TP 3 2 3 16 Cun MMC 3 3 3 18 Time Interval iiu e eR eee wads e le RE 3 3 3 20 Totalize and Scale aaa 3 3 3 22 Time Interval Resolution and Averaging Techniques 3 3 3 24 Resolution 3 lt dn Er Reeve eere e ene exe eR 3 4 3 27 Time Interval Averaging 2 22 0000 3 4 3 34 Sources of Measurement Error 4 lt lt lt c4 lt 4 4 3 5 3 36 1 Count Ambiguity Loupe cathe e dE dde ye EK E Riso Da KNA ka 3 5 3 41 Time Base Error ases esos repe A na 8 PANA deje BA deas 3 6 3 43 Trigger Error cp AG ERR hc dog Vee E Lee ae Rad pns 3 7 3 48 Function of Controls Indicators Inputs and Outputs 3 19 3 50 Display qe CP 3 19 3 52 Power X 3 19 3 54 Reset posesor exe 9p rh Mera De Dedi dai Reine 3 19 3 56 Sample Rate Control 2200000 3 19 3 58 isl Me CETT 3 19 3 60 Resolution N Switch a 3 20 3 63 Input Channel Selection aaa 3 21 3 71 Signal Conditioning Standard and Option 040 3 23 3 76 Hysteresis asa O rere REF O Pere ERE YS 3 24 3 80 External Freque
87. ut can be divided in decade steps and totalized to provide a low frequency output which is coherent with the input AMP TRIGGER DECADE COUNTING ASSEMBLIES AMP DISPLAY TRIGGER TIME BASE DECADE OSCILLATOR DIVIDERS Figure 3 3 Basic Elements of a Time Interval Counter 3 22 TIME INTERVAL RESOLUTION AND AVERAGING TECHNIQUES 3 23 Time interval the measurement of the time between two events is shown in the block diagram shown in Figure 3 3 The main gate is now controlled by two independent inputs the START input opening the gate and the STOP input closing it Clock pulses are accumulated for the duration the gate is open and this accumulated count represents the time interval between START and STOP This is shown by Figure 3 4 Artisan Technology Group Quality Instrumentation Guaranteed 888 88 SOURCE www artisantg com Model 5328A Operation ACCUMULATED ___ COUNT Figure 3 4 Clock Pulses NOTE In a time interval measurement clock pulses are accumulated for the duration the main gate is open The gate is opened by one event START and closed by the other STOP 3 24 Resolution 3 25 The resolution of the measurement is determined by the frequency of the counted clock e g a 10MHz clock provides 100 nsec resolution Clearly the elements within the time interval counter input amplifier main gate DCA s must operate at speeds consistent with the clock frequency for otherwise
88. x 10 day after 24 hour warm up Short term 1 x 10 rms sec Temperature lt 7 x 10 3 0 to 50 C Line voltage X5 x 107 for 10 variation Warm up t5 x 107 in 20 min Ext Freq Std Input 30 kHz to 10 MHz signal of amplitude gt 1 0 V rms into 1 k 2 Maximum input 5 V p p For opt 040 only the following constraints apply ext freq Std must be 10 MHz for Period Avg T I Avg Period N71 and T I N 1 Trigger Lights Light is ON when input is above trigger level OFF when input is below trigger level BLINKING when channel is triggering Operative over frequency range 0 100 MHz Marker Outputs inverted channel A and channel B Schmidt trigger outputs available on front panel 0 to 100 mV levels into 5012 X20 ns delay With Opt 040 inverted channel A Schmidt trigger and T I A B marker outputs O to 50 mV available on front panel T l A gt B is high during the time interval measured by the counter Outputs protected from inadvertently applied voltage to 5 Vdc ARM Rear panel switch turns arming ON or OFF With arming ON the measurement is armed by an input other than the input involved in the measurement The following are armed by an event at B FREQ A PERIOD A PERIOD AVG A FREQ C DVM C A the following are armed by an event at C T I AB T I AVG A B EVENTS C A B B A Operating Temperature 0 to 50 C Power Requirements 100 120 220 240 V rms 5 10 switch selectable 48
89. z for N 1 0 10 MHz for N gt 1 EVENTS C A TO B standard and option 040 The number of events at the C input are totalized during the synchronized time interval i e a multiple of 100 ns or 10 ns for opt 040 defined by inputs to channel A and B Accuracy 1 count of C trigger error of A and Bt freq of C x 120 ns 1 count of C trigger error of A and B freq of C x 12 ns with opt 040 MEASUREMENTS WITH DELAY Option 040 Delay mode is activated by inner concentric knob on LEVEL A control of option 040 Universal Module red LED indicates delay is activated in delay mode Channel A triggers and is then disabled from triggering again until the delay times out disabled state occurs within 1 us after triggering Channel B is continuously disabled until the delay times out After the delay both A and B are enabled The delay time may be measured by placing the counter in T I A B and the Universal Module in check CHK Delay range 20 us to 20 ms continuously adjustable Minimum Dead Time 1 us between stop and next start T I average measurements only Meaningful Functions FREQ A PER A PER AVG A T I A B T I AVG A B RATIO C A START A EVENTS C A B HP IB INTERFACE Option 011 Provides digital output of measurement data talker as well as input for remote program control listener Programmable Functions Function Resolution Sample rate max or manual control Arming Display mod

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