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4. PRINTING ENDLESS RANDOM NUMBERS SIMPLE FLASHING ASTERISK AS USED FOR THE CASSETTE TAPE I O WOULD BE JUST THE TICKET IT CAN BE DONE QUITE EASILY IN BASIC lt 10 IF PEEKC1I54232z249 THEN 15423 32 ELSE POKE 154283549 THE TOP RIGHT HAND CORNER OF THE SCREEN IS MEMORY ADDRESS 15483 IF IT CONTAINS AND ASTERISK CASCII 42 THEN WRITE A SPACE ASCII 32 ELSE WRITE AN ASTERISK THIS WORKS FINE BUT IS NOT VERY ELEGANT WHEN COMPARED TO THE CODE IN ROM WHICH SIMPLY XOR S THE CONTENTS OF 15483 WITH 19 WRITING A SMALL MACHINE CODE ROUTINE SHOULD BE QUITE SIMPLE BUT THEN I THOUGHT AS THE ROUTINE IS ALREADY IN ROM 22CH CACCORDING TO JAMES LEE FARVOUR S M S BASIC DECODED I COULD USE THAT FOR LEVEL 2 USERS JUST POKE16524544 POKE1652752 FOR DISK BASIC USERS TYPE DEFUSROZ amp HO22C X USR 3 THIS LITTLE BIT OF CODE WILL DO THE EQUIVALENT OF A GOSUB AND PUT OR WIPE OUT AN ASTERISK IN THE TOP R H CORNER OF THE SCREEN AS PER THE EXAMPLE BELOW 300 POKE 16006 44 16927 2 ARD LAOH 338 ITAL TRENT USRUD 300 400 0070550 CLS PRIHTaSH 1 g sFURB 6T04B8 SETe6S Ba NERTS F RFZITUIB F 185 i 7 AFA Y 56464 ore F RA BTOTSTEPB CT2CT 1 INKEY STHENRESET T3 NERTF S CLS DONE YOUR SCORE MAS CT EMIS ELSEMERTA TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 2 TEXT CONVERSION AND OTHER BITS FROM
5. SUDOKU CREATION PROGRAM ADDITIONAL OPTION TO ENTER THE NUMBERS FROM AN THE MORE I RUN THIS EXISTING PUZZLE AND PROGRAM THE MORE IMPRESSED CALCULATE THE ANSWER I BECOME WITH IT ON A INSTEAD OF USING ALL RANDOM STANDARD LEVEL II MACHINE NUMBERS OR WITHIN MATTHEW REED S EMULATOR RUNNING AT 1 7 MHZ DON T FORGET TO SAVE YOU IT MANAGES TO PRODUCE A TYPING THE PROGRAM IN A PUZZLE IN APPROX 10 DOWNLOAD IS AVAILABLE ON SECONDS QUITE AN THE WEBSITE JUST CLICK ON IMPRESSIVE ACHIEVEMENT FOR THE NAMED BOX TRS BIT VOL 82 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 7 5 EFINTA Z DIM AC861205BC81 PRINT LARRY NELSON S SUDOKU FOR THE APPLE II PRINT CONVERTED FOR TRS 80 BY PETER PHILLIPS PRINT INPUT WANT INSTRUCTIONS 3DS IF LEFTS ODS S 10z Y THEN GOSUB 1999 e GOSUB 4999 GOSUB 5299 GOSUB 3999 GOSUB 7299 GOSUB 6199 F PRINT 1 NEW PUZZLE PRINT 2 ANSWER TO PUZZLE IF F THEN PRINT 3zSHOW PUZZLE AGAIN PRINT 4zQUIT INPUT A IF A21 THEN 49 IF 2 THEN GOSUB 6000 IF Az3 AND F THEN GOSUB 6199 IF 4 THEN END GOTO 199 PRINT SUDOKU IS A NUMBER PUZZLE IN 9X9 GRID PRINT THE GRID IS SPLIT INTO 9 3X3 MINI GRIDS PRINT SINGLE DIGITS FILL THE GRID THE DIGITS PRINT MAY BE IN ANY ORDER THERE ARE JUST PRINT THREE RULES FOR SOLVING THE GRID 0 PRINT EACH ROW MUST HAVE ALL THE DIGITS 1 9 PRINT EACH COLUMN HAS ALL THE DIGITS 1 9 PRINT EACH
6. CONNECTORS ONE WITH 29 CONDUCTORS THE OTHER WITH 34 PLUS A 4 WIRE MALE POWER CABLE CONNECTOR USABLE DRIVES IN THIS CATEGORY RANGE FROM 5 TO 79 MEGS MAXIMUM HEAD COUNT AND CYLINDER COUNT WHICH CAN BE USE BY THE RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVE CONTROLLERS HDC IS 8 AND 1024 RESPECTIVELY ALL OF THESE DRIVES ARE FULL HEIGHT UNLESS NOTED TO THE CONTRARY INCIDENTALLY THE BARE HARD DRIVE IS ALSO COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS THE BUBBLE AND OCCASIONALLY I USE THAT TERM TO DISTINGUISH THE HARD DRIVE FROM THE OVERALL PACKAGE WHICH INCLUDES THE HDC AND THE POWER SUPPLY ALL IN A CASE THE BUBBLE IS CALLED THAT BECAUSE THE HEADS AND PLATTERS ARE LOCATED INSIDE A SEALED DUST TIGHT CHAMBER IN THE DRIVE DON T EVER OPEN THE SEALED CHAMBER THAT SHOULD ONLY BE DONE IN A CLEAN ROOM THE Table 1 Hard Drive Bubble Characteristics Step Mfg M el Size Hds 1 Rat Not Tandon TM 602S 5 4 153 10 usec 1 99 ms Tandon TM 501 5 2 10 usec 2 85 Tandon TM 502 10 4 306 10 usec 3 85 Tandon TM 503 15 6 306 10 usec 4 85 Tandon TM 603S 12 6 230 10 usec 5 99 Seagate ST 225 20 4 615 10 usec 6 65 Seagate ST 412 10 4 306 10 usec 7 99 Seagate ST 506 5 4 153 10 usec 8 Quantum 540 35 512 10 usec 9 45 Micropolis 1325T 70 8 1024 10 usec 10 28 TRSSBIT VOL 92 NO 2 JUNE 2998 PAGE 3 NOTES FOR TABLE 1 1 THIS DRIVE WAS USED IN MOST RADIO SHACK 5 MEG BOXES CAT NO 26 1130 SOME OF THESE DRIVES REQUIRE THE STEP RATE TO BE SET
7. IT IS WORTH NOTING THAT RD AND WR ON THE TRS 808 ARE IN FACT UNENRDU AND LIMEMWRII AND MARCH 2088 PAGE VIDEO GENIE 8 gt 37 gt 99 8 gt 37 gt 99 36 38 35 31 27 34 49 25 28 32 3 22 39 26 29 24 18 7 11 19 17 16 4 6 9 5 21 12 15 865 375 29 8 gt 37 gt 209 CTHE ORIGINAL ARTICLE WAS IN VERY POOR CONDITION AND CONSEQUENTIALLY VERY DIFFICULT I HOPE I VE MANAGED TO COPY ALL THE DETAILS 1 RAS 43 1 GND 2 SYSRES 48 2 GND 3 CAS 13 3 4 A19 26 4 A6 5 A12 29 5 A5 6 A13 27 6 A4 7 A15 21 7 1 8 GND 152549550 8 A3 9 11 28 9 A2 19 A14 23 19 AQ 11 8 22 11 D5 12 OUT 32 12 D2 13 WR 4 13 CAS 14 INTAK l4 D1 15 RD 41 15 D 16 MUX 25 16 D3 17 A9 24 17 D7 18 29 18 D6 19 IN 33 19 VCC 22 17 29 D4 21 INT 31 21 A15 22 DI 14 22 23 TEST 39 23 14 24 D6 16 24 9 25 19 295x MUX 26 D3 16 26 19 27 1 7 27 A13 28 D5 11 28 A11 29 GND 152549550 29 A12 32 D 15 39 PHI 31 A4 6 31 PINT 32 12 32 OUT 33 WAIT 37 33k IN 34 6 34 PHLDA 35 5 5 35 PHAN 36 A7 3 36 HALT 37 GND 12234950 37 PWAIT 38 A6 4 38 ILRQ 3
8. MARCH 2998 PAGE 6 CONVERT WRITTEN BY LEOR ZOLMAN THIS PROGRAM CONVERTS REGULAR C SOURCE FILES INTO A FORMAT SUITABLE FOR EDITING ON THE TRS 80 OR ANY UPPER CASE ONLY SYSTEM SINCE THERE ARE QUITE A FEW ASCII CHARACTERS THAT NEED TO BE REPRESENTED EVEN THOUGH THEY DON T SHOW UP ON UPPER CASE ONLY SYSTEMS A SPECIAL NOTATION HAS BEEN CREATED FOR REPRESENTING THESE CHARACTERS THE POUND SIGN IS USED AS A SORT OF SHIFT KEY WITH THE LETTER FOLLOWING THE POUND SIGN DENOTING THE SPECIAL CHARACTER NEEDED NOTE THAT THE C COMPILER DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THIS SPECIAL SCHEME AND BEFORE YOU CAN COMPILE A SOURCE FILE CONTAINING THE SPECIAL CODES YOU MUST PREPROCESS THE FILE USING THE COMMAND THE SPECIAL CODES AND THE CHARACTERS THEY REPRESENT ARE 8L LEFT BRACKET FOR SUBSCRIPTINGO 5B HEX SR RIGHT BRACKET 5D HEX 8C CIRCUMFLEX BITWISE NOT 7E HEX 8H UP ARROW EXCLUSIVE OR OPERATOR CSE HEX VERTICAL VAR LOGICAL AND BITWISE OR 7C HEX B BACKSLASH FOR ESCAPE SEQUENCES SC HEX 0 UNDERSCORE CSF HEX FOR EXAMPLE THE COMMAND A gt CONVERT BAReCT WILL EXPECT TO BE A NORMAL C SOURCE FILE ON DISK AND WILL CONVERT IT INTO A FILE NAMED THE FILE MAY THEN BE EDITED TO YOUR TASTE BUT REMEMBER TO PREPROCESS IT WITH CCOT BEFORE APPLYING THE C COMPILER AS YOU MAY HAVE GATHERED FROM ALL THIS THE LANGUAGE C WAS NEVER INTENDED TO BE IMPLEMENTED ON A S
9. lt age 9 i A jo emg A NIgQ OPNP jueumfie uy yreumfre seseqjuered ut uorsse1dxe osje suonounj uonounj puwurumo sje sr eur A jo 98000 jo eureu eq 54 sut6 q uonoun jy uonisod euo seje ep WPA HWA Jo juebuvjory NVIVO 1963 sen e ul se nuzoy 4 pueuuoosurq Xyyud d A jo eujsory ANISYO JEVALZOS TVN0Sti2d A 10 eutso2ory 400v O Ag vj pejuopeo ere soru T 10 Ipo uo NOISIAI v 5 OTHI3AONOOIHI ysy senqea jo umg sns A Jo 001 e1enbg 140059 jumoosrp zp uorsse1dxe oq ur pegroeds em ye pejunoosrp 1 ut MOJ 88819 a6uD1 1p AiN O emsa CITE ere seouerejer en eA emu isi uy en ea VIENNE OF eupiooo wonmod nay uoneordnmyq A jo urqirebo 01 seg 4015010 3ON3H333H 30TYA A Jo N19 Ajue em my subis uonejou 4 Jo 1ebeju A LINI jtwmueros ur zequmu eq Ae dsrp o sp uum 00 uotglo
10. A CLEAR AND COMPREHENSIVE WALK THROUGH INSTRUCTION SET FOR DOWNLOADING MODELS 1 AND 199 USING ST 89 III AND DETAILS OF HOW TO BUILD A NULL MODEM BOTH OF THESE ARTICLES WERE ORIGINALLY WRITTEN BY LEON HELLER AND PUBLISHED IN NATGUG NEWS TALKING OF LEON HE WAS THE FIRST PERSON I CAME ACROSS WHO SPARKED MY INTEREST IN THE LANGUAGE C IF I REMEMBER CORRECTLY THERE WAS A VERSION OF SMALL C AVAILABLE FOR THE MODEL 1 BUT IT WAS ONLY PRODUCED FOR DISK SYSTEMS ON EARLY PC S I BECAME INVOLVED WITH THE AMERICAN MIX C LANGUAGE A BIG USER BASE IN THE STATES WITH MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF FREEWARE FUNCTIONS BUT AS THE YEARS PROGRESSED FOUND THE CURVED AND STRAIGHT BRACKETS MORE AND MORE DIFFICULT TO SEE NO PUN SO I MOVED BACK TO COBOL PICK AND AS A CONSEQUENCE BASIC I STILL THINK THAT C IS A POWERFUL AND COMPACT LANGUAGE HOWEVER TIMES IT CAN BE A ON THE OBTUSE SIDE ON THE SUBJECT OF C I VE FOUND ON ONE OF THE MANY SHAREWARE CD S I HAVE A NICE LITTLE C SOURCE PROGRAM FOR USE ON COMPUTERS WITH ONLY UPPER CASE TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 81 MARCH 2998 PAGE 1 AND WHILE I M MENTIONING THE LACK OF LOWER CASE I VE ALSO INCLUDED ONE OF THE MOST USEFUL LOWER CASE DRIVERS I VE EVER USED CIT WORKS GREAT WITH MATTHEW REED S MODEL 1 EMULATOR WHICH BY THE WAY HAS HAD ANOTHER UPDATE SEE TRS 80 O0RG FOR DETAILS ALL OF THE ONE LI
11. ARTICLE ON PAGE 3 ED ASSUMING YOU HAVE A SMART TERMINAL PROGRAM LIKE ST8 III ON THE MODEL 1 YOU SET THE SYSTEM UP FOR 399 BAUD 7 DATA BITS EVEN PARITY 1 STOP TRANSMIT AUTO LINE FEED ON AND RECEIVE MARCH 22098 PAGE 5 AUTO LINE FEED ON ON THE MODEL 180 SELECT TELECOM FROM THE MAIN MENU THEN SET THE RS 232 PARAMETERS USING STAT 37E1E NOW USE TO GET INTO TERMINAL MODE KEYS PRESSED ON THE MODEL 1 SHOULD BE ECHOED ON THE MODEL 192 AND VICE VERSA SHOWING THAT ALL CONNECTIONS ON BOTH SYSTEMS ARE FUNCTIONING IF YOU ARE TRANSFERRING A FILE FROM THE MODEL 1 TO THE MODEL 180 YOU NOW GET THE FILE INTO THE MODEL 1 BUFFER USING SHIFT Ge RESPOND TO THE TRANSMISSION SPEED QUESTION WITH 1 BE ON THE SAFE SIDE ON THE MODEL 122 USE F2 TO SELECT THE DOWNLOAD MODE THE SYSTEM WILL REQUEST A FILENAME AFTER INPUTTING THE FILENAME F2 WILL BE DISPLAYED IN REVERSE VIDEO NOW PRESS SHIFT O ON THE MODEL 1 KEYBOARD AND THE FILE WILL BE TRANSFERRED FROM THE MODEL 1 TO THE MODEL 1088 BEING SIMULTANEOUSLY DISPLAYED ON THE MODEL 1 AND MODEL 199 SCREENS WHEN THE FILE HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED STS8GO III THIS PROGRAM IS ONE OF THE MOST USEFUL ONES I VE EVER HAD FOR A 16K MODEL 1 CIT WILL ACTUALLY FIT DOWN TO A ONE LINERO IT S A SUPER LITTLE LOWER CASE DRIVER IT WORKED WELL SUBJECT TO ANY NECESSARY HARDWARE MOD BEING COMPLETED WITH ORDINARY LEVEL II BASIC ACULAB XBAS D
12. AT 6 OR EVEN MORE THIS CORRESPONDS TO 3 MILLISECONDS TRY THE DEFAULT VALUE OF 19 MICROSECONDS IF THE STEP RATE IS TOO FAST VERIFICATION WILL REPORT NUMEROUS BAD TRACKS LF THIS OCCURS REPEAT THE PARTITIONING WITH 6 WHICH SHOULD WORK 2 APPARENTLY SOME RADIO SHACK 5 MEG BOXES HAD THIS DRIVE 3 THIS DRIVE WAS NOT USED BY RADIO SHACK BUT IS MENTIONED IN SOME OF THEIR SERVICE MANUALS 4 THIS DRIVE WAS USED IN ALL THE RADIO SHACK 15 MEG BOXES CAT NO 26 4155 5 THIS DRIVE WAS USED IN ALL THE RADIO SHACK 128 MEG BOXES CAT NO 26 4152 6 THIS DRIVE IS WIDELY AVAILABLE AND WORKS WELL IN RADIO SHACK BOXES IT IS HALF HEIGHT DRIVE BUT IS A DROP IN FIT IN PLACE OF A FULL HEIGHT DRIVE 7 THIS DRIVE WAS NOT USED BY RADIO SHACK BUT IS LISTED HERE BECAUSE IT IS ONE OF THE GENERIC MFM DRIVES FREQUENTLY MENTIONED 6 THIS DRIVE WAS NOT USED BY RADIO 5 BUT IS LISTED HERE BECAUSE IT IS THE OTHER GENERIC MFM DRIVE FREQUENTLY MENTIONED 9 THIS DRIVE WAS USED IN THE RADIO SHACK 35 MEG BOXES CAT NO 86 4171 IT HAS AUTO PARKING BUILT IN IT PARKS ITSELF AT THE HIGHEST CYLINDER ON LOSS OF POWER 10 THIS DRIVE WAS USED IN THE RADIO SHACK 79 MEG BOXES CAT NO 26 4173 THE INFAMOUS THREE WIRES THE THREE WIRES L AM REFERRING TO ARE THREE WIRES WHICH RUN FROM A HARNESS IN THE HARD DRIVE CASE TO SPECIFIC POINTS ON THE BUBBLE VARYING WITH THE ACTUAL BUBBLE USED IN THE SYSTEM RADI
13. CURSOR BY DOING THIS YOU ARE ENTERING A CONTROL CHARACTER IN THE IMMEDIATE MODE YOU CAN PUT THESE CODES IN YOUR BASIC PROGRAM CODING BY ADDING A REM ARK AT THE END OF AN IMPORTANT LINE THEN AND ASTERISK HERE S AN EXAMPLE 12 FOR 17019 THIS LINE WILL STILL FUNCTION IN THE REGULAR WAY AFTER EDITING THE LINE GO BACK AND FIND THE LOCATION IN MEMORY WHERE THE ASTERISK ACTUALLY RESIDES ONE FOUND POKE THE ADDRESS WITH 23 THEN LIST THE LINE THE LINE AUTOMATICALLY CAUSES THE COMPUTER TO CHANGE INTO THE ENLARGED FORMAT BY USING DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF THIS TECHNIQUE YOU CAN MAKE IT A REAL PAIN FOR ANYONE TO ALTER OR ANALYSE YOUR BASIC CODE 5 AN IDEA POKING 28 WILL HOME THE CURSOR AND POKING 31 WILL ERASE TO THE END OF SCREEN NICE ONE EH CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2 FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO VISIT THE WEB SITE ON A REGULAR BASIS YOU LL ALREADY KNOW I VE PUT OUT A REQUEST FOR HELP ON AN ARTICLE TO CONVERT A PROGRAM FROM APPLE II BASIC TO LEVEL II BASIC IT IS SUPPOSED TO PRODUCE A SUDOKU PUZZLE ON A 9 X 9 GRID I JUST THOUGHT THAT PRODUCING SUDOKUS ON A LEVEL 2 MODEL 1 WOULD BE JUST AMAZING AND MAKE A GREAT NOVELTY IDEA FOR THE CHRISTMAS EDITION WHICH BY THE WAY SHOULD BE AVAILABLE EARLY DECEMBER 2998 I ALSO WON ON EBAY DPM 109 PRINTER BUT SO FAR I HAVEN T BEEN ABLE TO GET IT RUNNING USING THE TANDY PRINTER TO KEYBOARD INTERFACE CONNECTOR AS YET
14. I HAVE NOT MADE ANY ATTEMPT TO TUNE THE INTERLEAVE HAVING NOT HAD THE TIME NOR THE INTEREST TO TACKLE THIS AREA THE IS THE CYLINDER AT WHICH WRITE CURRENT SHOULD BE REDUCED IS SPECIFICALLY STATED BY THE DRIVE MANUFACTURERS BUT OUR FORMATTERS SIMPLY ASSUME A VALUE AND GO AHEAD WITHOUT ASKING US IF YOU REVIEW THE DRIVE 5 5 THE RECOMMENDED VALUE IS TYPICALLY ABOUT HALF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF CYLINDERS AND I BELIEVE THIS IS WHAT THE FORMATTER PROGRAMS ASSUME FURTHERMORE THE NEWER DRIVES TAKE CARE OF THIS FUNCTION IN HARDWARE AND SO REGARDLESS OF WHAT THE SOFTWARE AND CONTROLLER SAY THE LATER DRIVES DO THEIR OWN THING DON T WORRY ABOUT IT IS NOT CRITICAL THE CYLINDER TO BEGIN WRITE PRE COMPENSATION VARIES CONSIDERABLY MOST OLDER DRIVES SET IT AT ABOUT 1 2 OF THE TOTAL CYLINDERS BUT TRS BIT VOL 2 NO 92 SOME OF THE LATER ONES DON T WANT ANY PRE COMPENSATION AGAIN THIS VALUE APPEARS NOT TO BE CRITICAL AND IS TAKEN CARE OF IN THE DRIVER SOFTWARE I HAVE RECEIVED ONE ONLY REPORT FROM A USER WHO SAID HE HAD TO PATCH HIS CODE TO SUPPRESS PRE COMPENSATION IN ORDER TO MAKE HIS DRIVE WORK BUT I LACK ANY FURTHER DETAILS IT SEEMS TO BE A FACTOR OF CONCERN GENERALLY e FINALLY THE AVERAGE ACCESS TIME IS A BRAGGING POINT AMONG IBM USERS BUT FOR US TRS TYPES HARD DRIVES ACCESS SO MUCH QUICKER THAN FLOPPIES THAT THE WHOLE PROCESS SEEMS LIKE MAGIC ANYWAY FOR THE DRIVES
15. IT SEEMS TO POWER UP BUT THEN JUST SITS THERE LOOKING AMAZING BUT DOING NOTHING I M STILL LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION REGARDING THE ACULAB FLOPPY TAPE PLEASE LET ME KNOW IF YOU COME ACROSS ANYTHING OF INTEREST IT WOULD BE MOST APPRECIATED WELL I THINK THAT JUST ABOUT WRAPS UP THIS ISSUE IF YOU VE ANY SPECIAL REQUESTS OR IDEAS FOR THE XMAS ISSUE PLEASE ASK AND I LL DO MY BEST TO INCLUDE THEM IN THE MEAN TIME TAKE CARE DUSTY TRS BIT VOL 82 NO 03 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 7 DEF AND WISH ALL OF OUR FRIENDS OUT THERE IN TRS 689 LAND A VERY MERRY CHRISTMAS AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR I HOPE ONCE AGAIN I VE MANAGED TO PUT TOGETHER SOME INTERESTING ITEMS FOR THIS ISSUE STAR BILLING IN THIS ISSUE MUST GO TO PETER PHILLIPS WHO HAS GIVEN US ALL A CHRISTMAS PRESENT BY CONVERTING AN APPLE 2 SUDOKU CREATION PROGRAM TO RUN ON A LEVEL 2 16K MACHINE OF COURSE IT WORKS JUST AS WELL WITH DISK 5 ACCORDING TO PETER THE PROGRAM WAS ORIGINALLY WRITTEN IN APPLE INTEGER BASIC I MUST ADMIT SEEMED ODD TO HOWEVER PETER HAS DONE US PROUD YET ANOTHER PROGRAM FOR 32 YEAR OLD COMPUTER IT WORKS SURPRISINGLY QUICKLY MANAGING TO PRODUCE A PUZZLE IN APPROX 19 SECONDS BECAUSE OF THE PROGRAMS SIZE I VE PLACED A ZIP FILE FOR DOWNLOADING IT ON THE WEB SITE WITH A COPY IN BOTH DISK AND CASSETTE FORMAT JUST TO SAVE THOSE RSI FINGE
16. MINI GRID MUST ALSO HAVE ALL THE PRINT DIGITS FROM 1 9 PRINT INPUT HIT ENTER TO CONTINUE 3DS 0 RETURN PRINT 2 FORIZITOS1 3ACIO OZB CIOS NEXT FOR I 1 TO 7 STEP 3 0 X RND C6 1 IF X THEN 3169 2 2 IF X 1 THEN Y IF X 3 THEN Z GOSUB 3499 IF X lt 4 THEN 3169 IF X 5 THEN 3139 0 Z 1 GOSUB 3499 GOTO 3169 Y21 GOSUB 3499 NEXT I FORIZITOS1 BCIOZACIO NEXT 0 RETURN 0 FOR J 9 TO 8 0 W 9 J I Y V 9 J I Z 5 PzACW2 QzACV A CWJ Q A V P NEXT J RETURN 0 PRINT FORIZITO9 ACI OZISNEXT 0 FOR I 1 TO 39 X RND C9 2 YzRNDC9 1 1 TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 8 4939 4935 4949 4050 4119 4129 5000 5005 9019 9015 5020 5030 5040 5045 5050 5060 6999 6010 6020 6030 6190 6145 6119 6120 6130 6140 6150 6160 6170 6175 6177 6190 6200 6210 6220 6230 1999 19219 1929 7030 7040 1959 7060 1979 1989 1999 1199 7119 7180 7130 86999 8219 5020 8939 8949 8050 X RND 9 Y X gt Y THEN 4939 IF RND C9 BzACYOSCZACXO A X B A Y C NEXT I RETURN PRINT 3 FORIZITOS81 BCIOZO NEXT FORIZITO9 ACIT9 0 ACIO OSNEXT P 1 FOR I TO FOR 1 TO FOR K TO P P 9 NEXT 4 1 RETURN REM INPUT ARE IF D Y 2 7 STEP 3 8 BCPcKOZACITJ KOSNEXT YOU SURE YOU WANT THE ANSWER CY N 2 3DS THEN RETURN F21 FORIZITOS81 ACI OZBCIO NEXT F 2CHR CI912 L z2STRINGSCII51402 3 T ZCHR CIS8 PRINT
17. PIN 19 FROM Z73 PIN 12 TO Z73 PIN 5 FROM 273 PIN 19 Z73 PIN 4 AND ON TO Z51 PIN 13 FROM Z73 PIN 13 TO Z37 PIN 19 FROM Z73 PIN 9 TO Z51 PIN 14 AND ON TO Z21 PIN 15 FROM 273 PIN 8 TO Z37 PIN 9 FROM Z74 PIN 5 TO Z36 PIN 4 FROM Z37 PIN 8 TO Z37 PIN 7 NOW X3 HAS TO BE MODIFIED AS MENTIONED EARLIER STARTING FROM PIN 1 LEAVE THAT AS ISe PINS 2 3 4 AND 5 HAVE TO BE OPEN AND PINS 657 AND 8 CLOSED SMALL SCREWDRIVER CAN BE USED TO OPEN AND A BLOB OF SOLDER TO CLOSE AS NEEDED BEFORE THE 16K RAM CHIPS ARE REMOVED THE SYSTEM CAN BE TESTED BY SWITCHING THE COMPUTER ON IN LEVEL 2 MODE AND ENTERING PRINT MEM THE ANSWER SHOULD BE EITHER 46340 OR 48338 DEPENDING ON WHICH TYPE OF ROMS ARE FITTED THE FIGURES ARE ONLY 2 REFLECTIONS OF THE EXISTING 16K AND AS SUCH CANNOT BE USED PROVIDING THE SYSTEM WORKS THIS FAR THEN FITTING THE 64K RAMS CAN BE CARRIED OUT REMOVE THE 16K RAMS AND PUT THEM SAFELY AWAY WITH THE KEYBOARD STILL LAID OUT WITH THE KEYS AWAY FROM YOU CUT THE 18V TRACE AT PIN 8 219 CUT THE 5V TRACE AT THE CAPACITOR PIN BELOW PIN 1 OF 213 FIT THICK WIRE FROM THE SV PIN ABOVE PIN 7 OF Z1 TO THE PIN ABOVE PIN 8 217 FOLD THE KEYS OVER ON THE BOARD AND TURN THE WHOLE ASSEMBLY OVER VERY CAREFULLY BEND UP PIN 9 OF EACH OF THE 64K RAM CHIPS NOT TOO FAR OR THEY MAY BREAK AND INSERT THEM IN TO THE EMPTY RAM SOCKETS THE SAME WAY ROUND AS THE 16K CHIPS MAKING SURE TH
18. REED S EMULATOR RUN THE PROGRAM PRINT OUT THE ANSWERS AND CLOSE DOWN IN LESS TIME THAT DEE S LAPTOP COMPUTER UNDER WINDOWS XP TAKES TO POWER ON THERE S THE USUAL AT THE READY PROMPT AND VARIOUS OTHER LITTLE SNIPPETS I VE BEEN PLAYING AROUND WITH OVER THE LAST FEW WEEKS AT LONG LAST I FELT I HAD TO BUCK UP COURAGE AND HAVE A GO AT RUNNING MATHEW REED S EMULATOR WITH DISKS A GIANT LEAP FOR MANKIND TRS BIT VOL 2 NO 92 YOU MIGHT THINK THE ONLY DOS I OWN IS NEWDOSS8Q98 V2 AND I M ON A STEEP RE LEARNING CURVE 5 AT THE READY PROMPT FOR WHAT I MEAN DURING THE 8 S I NEVER MANAGED TO AFFORD AN Eel AND DISK DRIVES OF MY OWN BUT I WAS LUCKY ENOUGH TO BE ABLE TO USE ONES OWNED BY FRIENDS HAS HALF A DOZEN DISKS OF MY OWN AND A GENUINE COPY OF NEWDOSS0O0 AS YOU CAN IMAGINEs I M REALLY ENJOYING MYSELF AS AN ASIDE I VE JUST BEEN ELECTED TREASURER OF THE LOCAL BRANCH OF THE BRITISH PRINTING SOCIETY AND HAVE DECIDED TO DO ALL THE ACCOUNTANCY WORK ON MY 1 EMULATOR BY USING ELECTRIC PENCIL AND VISICALC I LL LET YOU KNOW HOW I GET ON THANKS TO EVERYONE WHO OFFERED ME COPIES OF PATHWAYS THROUGH THE ROM IT WAS GREATLY APPRECIATED THANKS MUST GO TO DAVID COOPER FOR BEING THE FIRST TO OFFER AND LETTING ME HAVE MANY OTHER BITS AND PIECES SOME OF WHICH I HAVEN T SEEN FOR YEARS KNUTT HAS RELEASED HIS LATEST PROGRAM PLAYCASS IT S AVAILABLE AS A DOWNLOAD FROM HIS WEBSITE THERE
19. WE ARE USING THE ACCESS TIMES ARE AS SHOWN IN TABLE 1 gt AND EXCEPT FOR THE 79 MEG DRIVE ARE SLOW BY STANDARDS EVEN SO THE CHANGE FROM FLOPPIES IS DRAMATIC AND YOU WILL ENJOY RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVES ANYWAY MOST DRIVES HAVE BUFFERED SEEK WHICH ALLOWS THE CONTROLLER TO SEND STEPPING INSTRUCTIONS AT THE 19 MICROSECOND RATE THE DRIVE ACTUALLY JUST HOLDS THE COUNT IN AN INTERNAL REGISTER UNTIL THE CONTROLLER STOPS SENDING THE DRIVE THEN MOVES ITS HEADS ITS OWN BEST RATE AND STOPS ON THE DESIRED CYLINDER FEW VERY OLD MOSTLY 5 MEG DRIVES LACKED THIS FEATURE AND WITH THESE YOU MUST TELL THE CONTROLLER TO SEND THE STEPPING PULSES AT 3 MILLISECOND OR GREATER INTERVALS ALWAYS TRY THE 10 MICROSECOND STEP RATE FIRST AND IF THE FORMATTER 5 REPORTS MOST JUNE 2006 PAGE 7 CYLINDERS BAD THEN TRY SLOWER STEPPING RATES UNTIL YOU FIND ONE THAT WORKS HERE IS A WARNING TO NEWDOS 80 V2 5 USERS THE HARD DRIVE VERSION OF NEWDOS 898 IS V2 5 AND IT WORKS FINE ON THE OLD LARGE HDC BOARDS HOWEVER THERE IS A BUG IN NEWDOS FORMATTER WHICH PREVENTS OPERATION ON THE SMALLER HDC S FORTUNATELY THIS BUG WAS SQUASHED BY AN AUSSIE AND A FRIEND OF HIS SENT THE CURE ALONG TO ME THE PATCH TO HDFMTAPP THE NEWDOS FORMATTER IS AS FOLLOWS USING SUPERZAP DFS OF FILE HDFMTAPP CMD FRS I MOD DI FIND AF 32 CB 99 CHANGE TO CB ALL OF THE DRIVES IN
20. eie preau p sn sr puwuruoo juug 99 eur qoro perejreel eq nw dnjes 19091949 9192 euo spueg 1 e spues ur sptreg uv uu vuroepereq em q pemjep iejereqo Jogy eue spueg uuHv 1ejovreqo edeosg eq spueg iv 16jo 1DQq2 1040 OV 94 eoeds Humoro 9 HIIN ue dnjes eq ad sepoo dmjes pres O 707 61 oj pues oj y dA 1ejupd eovgejuy erered oj pues oj d dA pues o ped 7 ed pue peluud eq oj vere 1e nbuvjoer jo ejeurpz000 jje eddn eq uo 20812 9 9084 1090098108 PANA 9 jo ped 10 re uud or 6 ees ajeutroj pue ee nuroj 14 oj ques jou ge nur1o q ojexstp 10 1ejunid e oj jeeqsx10 em jo 011106 rembtrejoe e spues 24 eur pezruozqou s S eoue fburo1os pezporqou suf 10449504 j dg pezyuorgou Gg GM MoputM euo o sumay euQ W 1081n2 eq uurngoo jo jer ay oj snf mopurm em 8115 Pomo A 080 eu qj eAoqv nf mdg 1o81n2 Dururejyuoo eq Kruo 1oege spueururoo eqo t 290 ei oj MODUIM wor 108110 eqr uontsod 1085
21. 150522959850529053295051953550 DATA 17575975935051756529752450599 1 CLS PRIMTaS38 1 2 PRINTJ996 3 4 34 096 235 NEST 6 048 5 65 B3 HEXT F RFz1TO18 kSRHDC1252 TI SSCA E E SSH gt 222 2 15 0 1 A IMKETYS IFVALCAS STHEMRESET CR 12 HERTF PRINT SCORE D END ELSEHERTA TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 6 V 8 8M R XM B RRYXMASM YXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASM RY BME M SMER M RRY SME E MASME RRYX SM R ERRYXMASME R XMASMERR ERRYXMASMERR Y XMASMERRY MER Y Y SMER MASMERR E Y Y ASMERR A X X MASMER XMASMER AS X MASMERRYXMASME ER XMAS ER M Y MASMERRYXMASMER ER XMASMR YXMASMERRYXMASMER WITH THANKS TO lt ER YXMASMER MERRYXMASMERRYXMASMER ERRYXMASGMERRY M MERRYXMASM RRYXMASMER XMASMERRYXMAS RRYXMASMERR RYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERR BRRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYX MERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMA ASMERRY SMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERR ASMERR SMERRYXMASGMERRYXMASGMERRY MERRY CHRISTMAS EVERYONE AND A HAPPY NEW YEAR oo A 32 YEAR OLD PIECE OF PETER PHILLIPS HARDWARE RAMP UP THE SPEED HERE S YOUR CHRISTMAS ON THE EMULATOR AND IT S PRESENT FROM 1858811 TRULY AMAZING IT S A LEVEL II 16K ANYONE OUT THERE FANCY RUNABLE VERSION OF A IMPROVING IT HOW ABOUT AN
22. 1d j99jve1b oj en vA pejeno vo oy 5NILVInOTVO 4 TEM v dsrp pexmbez sv uorjejou 1 pue 51 ut seuque ueeajeq syys urexbo1d jeuroj eretreb u NE oco 44 9 TT emus ims senpeA 10 gt sel du to5 ejeurpzooo pejeufmep ro urs requmu poured srseqjuered uedo 002 uy sopua 957 sd 6 nowy 0 BIP A Sc x Sdn xin E III 1300N 08 5 1 jo sp ut M HUC 3H1 804 yuejq uou eq jo eBeay js yoyusAvOo g 996 A Jo em A 108m0 eno Pesse d in 3 sr uo oo 10 TOM pejoejes j N3 d Jd 3 d ejetrrpz000 etr sJ ue se poued HSLENSI LITHS 10 HVH IO 9m bupejue eq jeu uonrmod Amue uv jurod oj 13 8 O d ejeurpzo00 pegioede uum oo 810710 100110 uoppod rue eu Pel gpueururoo euros jue en eA pesn 10 MOI jo uonrod 1 y Aq pejeredes HOJ 92 S eqeT orez jo en eA opeumu THM PPT pejeubrsep ur 1 gt sebue pue sen ea jo eq js 0 eur q
23. 9 GND LEV 2 ONLY 839 PHOLD 40 A2 9 849 WR 418 RD 42 CCDBS 43 MREQ 44 DODBS 45 MI 46 RESET 41 RFSH 46 NNI 49 GND 50 GND NOT URDU AND HENCE THE AS OPPOSED TO THE BAR CAN BE OBTAINED FROM THE CPU BOARD INSIDE THE GENIE ON PIN 6 OF Z39 MUX CAN BE OBTAINED ON PIN 5 OF TO READ 237 ALSO IF YOU WISH UOUT IS AVAILABLE ON PIN 8 OF 715 WHILST IS AVAILABLE ON PIN 6 OF Z15 TRS BIT VOL 92 NO 21 MARCH 2908 CORRECTLY PAGE 4 HERE S A NICE LITTLE MOD TO THE CASSETTE VERSION OF ELECTRIC PENCIL FROM AN ORIGINAL ARTICLE WRITTEN BY RODNEY SCHREINER FOR SEVERAL MONTHS I VE BEEN USING THE CASSETTE VERSION OF PENCIL TO PREPARE MANUSCRIPTS AND LETTERS USING SINGLE SHEETS OF 8 5 X 11 INCH PAPER SINCE PENCIL DOES NOT AUTOMATICALLY PAUSE AT THE END OF A PAGE I HAVE TO WATCH THE PRINTER AND STOP THE PROGRAM MANUALLY SO I CAN INSERT A NEW SHEET OF PAPER THE TEDIOUSNESS OF THIS TASK FINALLY GOT TO ME AND I DECIDED TO INVESTIGATE THE PROGRAM TO SEE IF I COULD MODIFY IT SO THAT IT WOULD STOP AT THE END OF EACH PAGE AFTER A LENGTHY SEARCH THROUGH THE CODE I LOCATED THE SPOT AT WHICH THE PROGRAM TESTS FOR THE FINAL LINE OF A PAGE AT THIS POINT THE PROGRAM JUMPS TO THE PAGE SPACING ROUTINE BY CHANGING ONLY 2 BYTES I ALTERED THIS JUMP TO A RETURN TO THE MAIN SYSTEM NOW WHEN THE PRINTER REACHES THE END OF PAGE IT STOPS AND I CAN LOAD A FRESH SHEET OF PAPER AT MY LEISURE ALL THAT IS N
24. A15 WAS LOW DUE TO 273 PINS 45556 OR CONTROLLING Z21 2 LINE TO 4 LINE DECODER AT PINS 14 AND 2 THESE SIGNALS WILL BE RETAINED FOR VIDEO KEYBOARD AND ROM BUT NO LONGER USED TO GENERATE THE MEM AND RAM SIGNALS BY OPENING LINKS 28535455 ON NEW CONNECTIONS ARE REQUIRED TO GENERATE THE MEM SIGNAL WHICH COMES FROM PIN 6 274 THIS SIGNAL NOW HAS TO BE ACTIVE LOW WHENEVER THERE IS A ACTIVE EXCLUDING CALLS TO RESERVED MEMORY 3000 TO 37FFH WHICH IS REQUIRED FOR DISK AND PRINTER 0 OR TO THE KEYBOARD AT 389 9H TO OR AGAIN TO THE SEPARATE VIDEO RAM 3C99H TO S3FFFH ALL THESE INVALIDATING CONDITIONS ARE MET WHEN A15 AND A14 ARE LOW AND A13 AND A12 ARE HIGH AS PROVIDED BY THE OUTPUT FROM Z21 PIN 12 TO INPUT PIN 4 236 SO BY CUTTING THE TRACE TO PIN 5 OF Z74 AND LINKING PIN 4 OF Z36 TO THIS PIN THE REQUIRED CONDITIONS OF ARE MET FOR 48K RAM 213 PINS 859 10 ARE NOW SPARE BY VIRTUE OF CUTTING THE TRACE TO Z74 PIN 5 THIS TOGETHER WITH 2 OTHER ORIGINALLY SPARE GATES 213 PINS 11512513 AND Z37 PINS 859 10 WILL BE USED TO DECODE THE ROW AND COLUMN ADDRESSES OF THE 64K RAM CHIPS PINS 9 AND 10 273 MUST HAVE THEIR INCOMING TRACES CUT AND REPLACED BY LINKS TO Al4 AND A15 AT Z21 PIN 15 AND Z73 PIN 4 RESPECTIVELY 213 PIN 8 OUTPUTS THE A15 OR A14 CONDITION REQUIRED IN THE FIRST PARAGRAPH TO ADDRESS THE TOP 48K OF THE MEMORY MAP THI
25. AL RESEARCH WOW 9 FFLUSH OBUF 3 END PUTST STRING CHAR STRING3 BEGIN WHILE STRING PUTCCFSTRING sOBUF 3 END PUTSPECC CC CHAR C3 BEGIN PUTC C OBUF 9 END oo I HOPE YOU VE ENJOYED THIS AND FINALLY HAS ANYONE A ISSUE IF YOU HAVE WHY NOT PDF COPY OF PATHWAYS DROP ME LINE AND TELL THROUGH THE ROM FROM IRA S EVERYONE WHAT YOU RE UP TO SITE IF YOU WOULD WITH YOUR TANDY IF NOT LET YOU EMAIL ME A COPY IT S ME KNOW AND I LL TRY AND THE SAME ADDRESS FOR ALL IMPROVE THE NEXT ISSUE CORRESPONDENCE TIA WHICH BY THE WAY SHOULD BE OUT EARLY JUNE 98 DUSTYMGBEEBe amp NET TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 81 MARCH 2998 PAGE 8 TRSGBIT I CAN T BELIEVE THAT THIS IS OUR 6TH EDITION OF TRSSBIT TIME DEFINITELY GOES FASTER AS MY AGE INCREASES I HOPE YOU ENJOY THIS EDITION AS I FEEL THERE ARE SOME FASCINATING ARTICLE TO KEEP YOU AMUSED STAR BILLING IN THIS ISSUE MUST GO TO AN ARTICLE ROY T BECK HAS UPDATED WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY WRITTEN FOR TRSTIMES IT S FOR ANY BRAVE SOUL WHO WOULD LIKE TO ATTACH A HARD DRIVE TO A MODEL 1s OR 4 IF ANYONE HAS OR HAS HAD A GO I D LOVE TO HEAR HOW YOU GOT THIS MUST BE ONE OF THE MOST EXCITING AND WELL RESEARCHED ARTICLE I VE EVER COME ACROSS FOR THE TRS 808 COMMUNITY THERE S A SMASHING ONE LINER TO CALCULATE PRIME NUMBERS JUST AS A MATTER OF INTEREST I CAN LOAD UP MATTHEW
26. AN ORIGINAL IDEA OF LAURIE SHIELDS NONE OF MY MODEL 1 COLLECTIONS HAS THE LOWER CASE MOD FITTED BUT MATTHEW REED S EMULATOR COME WITH L C AS STANDARD CALL THAT S NEEDED IS A DRIVER O FOR THE BENEFIT OF ANYONE OUT THERE WITHOUT L C I THINK YOU VE ONLY GOT HALF A COMPUTER ALTHOUGH I LOVE MY TELETYPE FONT ALL PROGRAM TITLES AND PROMPTS ON THE SCREEN LOOK INFINITELY BETTER WITH L C AS DOES ANY PRINTER OUTPUT L C IS TAKEN FOR GRANTED ON ALL MODERN COMPUTERS I DOUBT WHETHER ANYONE EVER THINKS ABOUT IT THESE DAYS HOWEVER ONCE L C IS FITTED BEING USED PROBLEMS CAN ARISE WHEN STRING COMPARISONS ARE REQUIRED FOR EXAMPLE A STOCK NUMBER OF 123XYZ IS NOT THE SAME IN UPPERCASE AS IT IS IN LOWER CASE THIS IS MOST ANNOYING AS A ROUTINE IN BASIC TO CHECK INPUT AND CONVERT ANY LOWER CASE TO UPPERCASE CAN BE RATHER SLOW AND WILL INVARIABLY INVOKE A STRING GARBAGE COLLECTION FREEZE UP WELL THAT WAS THE PROBLEM I CAME ACROSS AND AS A RESULT THE FOLLOWING USR ROUTINE EMERGED IN MACHINE CODE IT IS EASY ONCE WE KNOW WHERE ABOUTS IN MEMORY THE CHARACTER STRING IS LOCATED AND ALSO HOW MANY BYTES ARE INVOLVED MICROSOFT MUST HAVE HAD JUST THIS SORT OF PROBLEM IN MIND WHEN THEY PUT TOGETHER LII BASIC AS THE FUNCTION VARPTR TELLS US ALL THAT WE NEED TO KNOW BY SIMPLY INCLUDING IT WITHIN THE USR BRACKETS TO GET THE VALUE ENCLOSED IN THE USR BRACKETS IN OUR CASE THE VARPTR OF THE POSSIBLY
27. AT EACH PIN 9 IS CLEAR OF THE TOP OF THE SOCKET AS THAT MIGHT BE 5 CONTACTS MAY BE TRS BIT VOL 92 NO 93 SEPTEMBER 2998 PAGE 4 SLIGHTLY PROUD ON SOME TYPES OF SOCKETSO WIRE ALL THE NUMBER 9 PINS TOGETHER AND CONNECT A WIRE FROM PIN 12 OF Z51 TO THE NEAREST PIN 9 OF THE RAMS CAREFULLY RECHECK THAT THE 12V TRACE IS DEFINITELY CUT AND THE SYSTEM IS READY TO GO IT IS NOT ESSENTIAL TO CUT THE 5V RAIL BUT IT SHOULD BE DONE AS A SAFETY MEASURE CUTTING THE ORIGINAL 5V RAIL IS A VERY COMPLICATED JOB AND IS BEST LEFT ALONE HENCE THE COMMENT ABOUT PINS 9 BEING WELL CLEAR OF THE SOCKET AS THAT IS STILL AT 50 DO NOT USE TEXAS 64K RAMS AS THEY HAVE A DIFFERENT REFRESH SYSTEM AND CANNOT BE USED WITHOUT FURTHER MODIFICATIONS TO THE COMPUTER CIRCUITRY I DON T LIKE MODS ANON MOD IS AN ARITHMETIC FUNCTION FOUND ON THE MODEL 11 AS WITH SWAP FORGET THE CHRISTMAS ISE DON THIS FUNCTION IS USEFUL BUT IT CAN VERY EASILY BE DUPLICATED ON A COMPUTER WITHOUT THIS FUNCTION SUCH AS THE MODEL I OR MODEL MOD SIGNIFIES THE INTEGER REMAINDER WHEN A DIVISION OPERATION IS PERFORMED ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT LEARNING DIVISION WOULD LEARN THAT 5 DIVIDED BY 3 IS ONE REMAINDER 2 THUS 5 MOD 3 EQUALS 2 IN A SIMILAR FASHION ONE COULD DERIVE THAT 193 MOD 25 EQUALS 3 THE MOD FUNCTION ON THE MODEL 8 TAKES THE FORM A MOD ITS EQUIVALENT ON
28. ATOR RUNNING NEWDOS8 2 HERE S A TIMELY REMINDER OF SOMETHING ELSE I D COMPLETELY FORGOTTEN IN ORDER FOR THE CASSETTE PROGRAMS TO LOAD AND SAVE CMD T MUST BE ISSUED IMMEDIATELY BEFORE ANY BASIC TAPE INPUT OUTPUT OPERATION THESE OPERATIONS ARE TIMING SENSITIVE AND ARE AFFECTED BY INTERRUPT DRIVEN TASKS SUCH AS TRACE amp CLOCK JUST TO REMIND YOU THE COMMANDS AFFECTED ARE CLOAD CLOAD INPUT 1 2 SYSTEM PRINT 1 gt v AND PRINT 25 DON T FORGET TO ENABLE INTERRUPTS WHEN YOU HAVE FINISHED WITH THE CMD R COMMAND AND YES BEFORE YOU ASK I DID AND FINALLY JUST A LITTLE BIT OF HISTORY TURNED UP THE OTHER DAY TUCKED AWAY INSIDE A BOOK WAS A LITTLE CLOTH BADGE THAT SOMEONE HAD MADE FOR NATUG MEMBERS WHEN THE GROUP FIRST STARTED BEFORE THE NAME WAS CHANGED TO NATGUG 2D IT S STRANGE I CAN QUITE CLEARLY REMEMBER BRIAN ISSUING THEM BUT I CAN T REMEMBER WHO IT WAS WHO HAD THEM MADE IS THERE S ANYONE OUT THERE WITH A BETTER MEMORY THAN ME WHO CAN REMEMBER WHO IT WAS RS 80 MEMBER 22 22 LOUIS PELLETIER HAS WRITTEN A CRACKING ONE LINER TO CALCULATE PRIME NUMBERS IT S SURPRISINGLY FAST FOR JUST LEVEL 2 BASIC IT CALCULATES ALL THE PRIMES UP TO 1099 IN UNDER 12 SECONDS ON 16K LEVEL II MACHINE DON T BELIEVE ME JUST TRY IT 1 DEFIHMTA Z CLS L z1BBB 2 V IMTCSBREL 22 F RBE3TOLSTEP2 IFAC BANERT ELSEIFBPVPRIHMTEs HERT
29. DITIONS OF TRS DOS 2 3 WHICH I HAD FORGOTTEN ABOUT THE PASSWORD PROTECTION GIVES UP AFTER ONE TRY THE FIRST TIME YOU TRY TO COPY AN UNCOPYABLE FILE IT WILL GIVE THE ERROR MESSAGE FILE ACCESS DENIED TRY TO COPY IT AGAIN THIS TIME YOU SHOULD SUCCEED lt gt HERE S A ONE LINER FROM AN ORIGINAL IDEA BY MICHAEL LYON B IFH gt BOUTOELSECLS D 4BB 5 epiL B S 1 E 4 L B5 F 3 FUFM 11052 F RR LT LSTEPS Y25BRCRBSCD RERO IFIKAT SCHO TE NEAT L L S275 ELSESET CURES E BBC D D ESH EXT Lz L 82 5 MEAT TRS BIT VOL 82 NO 03 SEPTEMBER 2008 PAGE 2 46K IN THE MODEL 1 KEYBOARD EC KILPATRICK NOW THAT GENERAL NORTHERN HAVE GONE OUT OF BUSINESS WE THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA TO SEE IF IT WAS POSSIBLE TO MODIFY THE MODEL 1 KEYBOARD TO READ 48K WITHOUT HAVING TO ADD A DECODER BOARD WITH CONSIDERABLE HELP FROM MY GOOD FRIEND GUY GRANTHAM WHO HAD ALREADY MODIFIED HIS VIDEO GENIE WE HAVE SUCCEEDED HERE IS HOW WE DID THE MEMORY SIGNALS COMBINED WITH RAS AND CAS TO READ UP TO 16K RAM REQUIRE 15 LOW AND 14 HIGH FROM 16K TO 32K REQUIRE 15 HIGH AND 14 LOW FROM 32K TO 48K REQUIRE 15 HIGH AND 14 HIGH THEREFORE TO READ ALL 48K EITHER A14 OR A15 OR BOTH MUST BE HIGH AT THE RELEVANT TIME ORIGINALLY THE COMPUTER COULD ONLY RECOGNISE UP TO 16K OF RAM BECAUSE IT WAS ONLY DECODED TO READ MEMORY WHILE
30. E THAN HAPPY TO SEND THE RAM CHIPS FOR YOU TO USE IF YOU RE INTERESTED PLEASE EMAIL ME WITH YOUR DETAILS AND I LL SEND THE CHIPS OFF TO YOU THIS LOOKS TO ME LIKE MAJOR SURGERY AND IS WAY PAST MY MEAGRE DIY ABILITIES I CAN T EVEN GUARANTEE THAT THE CHIPS ARE SUITABLE OR EVEN STILL USABLE BUT IT WOULD BE REAL FUN TO TRY IT OUT JUST THINK OF IT HARDWARE MODS ON A 39 YEAR OLD MICRO COMPUTER I DON T RECOMMEND ATTACKING YOUR ONE AND ONLY REMAINING MODEL 1 THOUGH THIS OFFER 15 BY ITS VERY NATURE ON A FIRST COME FIRST SERVED BASIS THERE WOULD BE NO CHARGE BUT A SHORT ARTICLE FOR TRSSEBIT TELLING US HOW WELL COR OTHERWISE THE MODS WENT WOULD BE MOST APPRECIATED ALSO WHILE I M THINKING ABOUT FREEBIES I VE ONCE AGAIN THANKS TO EBAY ACQUIRED A NUMBER OF NEW OLD STOCK RIBBONS FOR AN EPSON LX89 IF YOU RE HAVING TROUBLE SOURCING A REPLACEMENT JUST LET ME KNOW THE REFERENCE NUMBERS QUOTED ARE 8MM X 6M F35703ZA oo WHILE HELPING CLEARANCE ACROSS TRS BIT VOL 02 NO 93 SEPTEMBER 2998 PAGE 1 PART BOX OF 8 FLOPPY DISKS SO IT YOU RUN A MODEL 2 OR ANY MACHINES WITH 8 DRIVES AND YOU RE HAVING DIFFICULTIES GETTING MEDIA AGAIN PLEASE LET ME KNOW THEY ARE MEMOREX SINGLE SIDED DOUBLE DENSITY SOFT SECTORED WITH 77 TRACKS TALKING OF MODEL 2 S ONE SOLD ON THE UK S EBAY FOR 75 THERE HAS BEEN QUITE A FEW TANDYS SOLD OVER
31. EALLY POSH YOU COULD USE STUDDING SPACERS AND A SMALL BOX OF COURSE I USED A MALE AND FEMALE CONNECTOR AS THIS ENABLES ME TO CONNECT MY MODEL 1 OR MODEL II TO MOST OTHER SYSTEMS 5 VOL 2 NO 1 BY WIRING THE PINS ON A ONE TO ONE BASIS WITH CONNECTORS OF THE APPROPRIATE GENDER YOU CAN EASILY MAKE WHAT IS TERMED AS A GENDER CHANGER TRS 80 MODEL l GENIE EDGE CONNECTOR CROSS REFERENCE FROM AN ORIGINAL ARTICLE BY KEN ROBINSON THE FOLLOWING TABLE SHOWS THE PIN INTER CONNECTIONS TO OBTAIN THE TRS 80 BUS FROM THE VIDEO GENIE IN THE TABLE THE SYMBOLS USED EITHER SIDE OF THE GENIE PIN NUMBER HAVE THE FOLLOWING MEANING NN INDICATES AN ADDITION TO THE GENIE BUS NN INDICATES A SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE GENIE AND THE TRS 80 BUT NOT AN IDENTITY AN ACULAB FLOPPY TAPE AND AN LNW EXPANSION BOARD CONTROLLING DISKS CAN BE RUN OFF AN EXPANSION BUS USING THE FOLLOWING SUBSTITUTIONS PIN 12 OUT CAN BE OBTAINED BY OR ING GENIE PINS 40 AND 38 PIN 13 VR CAN BE OBTAINED BY OR ING GENIE PINS 40 AND 43 INTAK CAN BE OR ING GENIE PIN 14 OBTAINED BY PINS 38 AND 45 PIN 15 RD CAN BE OBTAINED BY OR ING GENIE PINS 41 AND 43 PIN 19 CAN BE OBTAINED BY OR ING GENIE PINS 38 AND 41 SUITABLE OR GATES CAN BE FOUND ON THE 74LS38 WHICH IS A QUAD ARRAY UNLESS INTAK IS DEFINITELY REQUIRED IR CAN BE LEFT CUT FOR MOST APPLICATIONS
32. ECESSARY TO CONTINUE PRINTING IS TO MOVE THE CURSOR TO THE START OF THE NEXT PAGE I REQUIRE PRINTING AND OFF I GO THE CHANGES I VE MADE ARE DETAILED BELOW CHANGE 4F3FH FROM 28 TO C8 4F40H FROM 6 TO 99 ONLY BYTES 4F3F AND 4F49 ARE THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED BY USING T BUG TRS BIT VOL 92 NO 1 RELOCATED TO HIGH MEMORY AFTER THE 2 CHANGES ARE COMPLETED NEW SYSTEM CAN BE WRITTEN FROM T BUG THE STARTING ADDRESS IS 4350H THE ENDING ADDRESS IS 5374H AND THE ENTRY POINT IS 4350H THIS NEW VERSION OF PENCIL CANNOT PRINT CONTINUOUSLY SINCE THE ALTERATIONS ABOVE FORCE IT TO STOP AT THE END OF EACH PAGE HOWEVER IF I NEED CONTINUOUS PRINTING I CAN USE MY ORIGINAL PENCIL CASSETTE 22 22 FILE TRANSFERS ON THE MODELS 1 AND 102 BY LEON HELLER IF YOU ARE USING THE TANDY RS 232 BOARD IT IS NOT ADVISABLE TO JUST PLUG THE CABLE FROM THE MODEL 1 INTO THE BACK OF THE MODEL 122 BOTH MACHINES ARE CONFIGURED AS DATA TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS DTE AND ALTHOUGH YOU CAN REVERSE PINS 2 AND 3 ON THE 5 232 BOARD IN THE MODEL 1 THE OTHER SIGNALS WILL BE TRYING TO OUTPUT TO ONE ANOTHER THIS SHOULD NOT RESULT IN ANY DAMAGE BUT WILL PREVENT PROPER HAND SHAKING BETWEEN THE SYSTEMS YOU WILL NEED WHAT IS TERMED A NULL MODEM CONNECTOR WITH ALL THE SIGNAL CROSSED OVER THESE CAN BE OBTAINED AT MANY LOCAL COMPUTER SUPPLY SHOPS OR YOU CAN EASILY MAKE ONE FOR YOURSELF SEE THE
33. ELSEF RC BEBT LSTEPEXB 1 NERT PRIMTEs MERT TRS BIT VOL 98 NO 90 JUNE 2998 PAGE SUMMARY OF RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVE PARAMETERS AN UPDATED ARTICLE BY ROY T BECK WHICH FIRST APPEARED TRSTIMES IN INTRODUCTION RECENTLY I RECEIVED A CALL FROM A MAN WHO NEEDED TO KNOW HOW MANY TRACKS AND HEADS WERE ON A RADIO SHACK 79 MEG HARD DRIVE SUCH A SIMPLE REQUEST AND COMPLETELY NECESSARY IN ORDER TO PARTITION AND FORMAT A HARD DRIVE BUT WHERE DO YOU FIND THE INFORMATION WHEN YOU NEED IT AT 1 AM THE ANSWER SHOULD BE IN THE RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVE MANUALS BUT IT IS ONLY PRESENTED IN A FRAGMENTARY AND INCOMPLETE FASHION UNLESS YOU HAVE THE SERVICE MANUAL FOR THAT PARTICULAR DRIVE IF YOU ARE DOING A DRIVE SWAP LIKE HOT RODDERS USED TO SWAP ENGINES FORGET IT RADIO SHACK DOESN T EVEN WANT TO TALK TO YOU THIS ARTICLE WILL PROVIDE A QUICK SUMMARY OF THE PERTINENT FACTORS FOR THE VARIOUS DRIVES RADIO SHACK HAS USED IN OUR TRS HARD DRIVE PACKAGES I WILL EXCLUDE THE 8 4 MEG DRIVE AS THAT DRIVE IS NOT SUITABLE FOR THE MODEL 1 111 AND 4 FAMILY MODEL 1 3 AND 4 DRIVES I WILL INCLUDE A FEW OTHER DRIVES WHICH YOU MAY RUN INTO TO BEGIN WITH ALL DRIVES SUITABLE FOR USE WITH RADIO SHACK CONTROLLERS ARE CATEGORISED AS MEANING MODIFIED FREQUENCY MODULATION AND HAVE THE SAME INTERFACE AS THE SEAGATE ST 412 OR SEAGATE 57 526 DRIVES THIS INTERFACE PHYSICALLY CONSISTS OF TWO CARD EDGE
34. EXCHANGE DRIVES WITHOUT HAVING TO UNSOLDER THE THREE WIRES AS THEY ARE NOW ATTACHED TO THE HDC INSTEAD OF THE BUBBLE NOTES FOR TABLE 2 1e SOLDER WIRE TO FEED THROUGH NEAR PIN 6 CUT TRACE TO PIN 5 OF J1 TO PREVENT FEEDING SV INTO THE 20 CABLE 2 CUT TRACE TO PIN 5 OF 46 TO PREVENT FEEDING 5V INTO THE 20 CABLE 3 USE EMPTY PIN HOLE J6 INSTEAD OF J5 4 THE PAD IS MARKED R97 BUT NO RESISTOR IS ACTUALLY INSTALLED THERE gt ALL OF THE DRIVES I DELIVER TO CUSTOMERS ARE CONNECTED IN THE GENERIC FASHION DESCRIBED ABOVE THIS SIMPLIFIES MATTERS FOR BOTH ME AND THE CUSTOMER AND OF COURSE THE LOGIC WORKS THE SAME AS ALWAYS AS THE GENERIC CONNECTION CONNECTS THE THREE WIRES AT THE DESTINATION THE HDC INSTEAD OF AT THE SOURCE THE BUBBLE OVER THE LAST COUPLE OF YEARS I HAVE CONNECTED MANY DIFFERENT DRIVES INTO OUR RADIO SHACK BOXES UP TO AND INCLUDING THE 79 MEG DRIVE AND ALL WORK WELL BE AWARE THAT THE 12 MEG 35 MEG AND 79 MEG DRIVES ALL SUFFER FROM A BIT OF TRSSBIT VOL 2 NO 82 JUNE 2998 PUFFERY THEY WERE ADVERTISED AND SOLD BY RADIO SHACK WITH THOSE LABELS BUT THE LABELS ARE ONLY STRICTLY TRUE WHEN INSTALLED ON MACHINES OF THE MODEL 11 FAMILY BECAUSE THOSE MACHINES FORMATTED MORE BYTES PER TRACK THAN LS DOS AND LDOS CAN THE REAL LIMITS ON THOSE DRIVES WHEN USED IN A MODEL 1 111 OR 4 SYSTEM ARE 1153045 960 BYTES 33 554 432 BYTES AND 672198864 BYTES RESPECTIVE
35. F YOU RE USING ZEN OR ANY EDITOR ASSEMBLER THAT ALLOWS YOU TO LOAD CODE INTO MEMORY AND NEWDOSSO8 V2 YOU CAN CREATE THE DATA LINES FOR YOUR PROGRAM AUTOMATICALLY VIZ OPEN 9 1 5 amp 1 119 DATA 3 FORX amp H8800 TO amp H881A 1 PEEK OX gt 1 CHR CI32 AND THEN LOAD INTO BASIC 5 LIST THE PROGRAM AND YOU LL SEE YOU RE ALREADY HALF WAY TO WRITING YOUR PROGRAM s NOT HAD TO GO THROUGH THE HASSLE OF CONVERTING A LOAD OF HEX VALUES TO DECIMAL I ASSUME THAT A SIMILAR STATEMENT IS ALLOWED IN LDOS IF ANYONE WOULD CARE TO SEND IT IN I LL BE HAPPY TO PUBLISH IT IN THE NEXT EDITION OF TRSSBIT NOT WISHING TO TEACH MY GRANDMOTHER TO SUCK 805 BUT LINE 40 IS ALSO NICE LITTLE WHEEZE IF YOU HAVEN T COME ACROSS IT BEFORE THE RESULT IN BASIC OF THE STATEMENT M 127 WILL EVALUATE TO 1 IF TRUE OR Q IF NOT TRUE EVEN WITHOUT AN TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 4 0 0 U E IF COMMAND BEFORE IT THE EXPRESSION 256 M 127 WILL RESULT IN EITHER 256 OR FOR EITHER TRUE OF FALSE THEREFORE M 256 M 127 WILL IN ONE STATEMENT RESULT IN THE VALUE M 256 IF M IS GREATER THAN 127 AND JUST OTHERWISE SO BY READING FROM THE DATA STATEMENT PAIRS OF VALUES INTO VARIABLES L AND M YOU GUESSED IT LEAST AND MOST SIGNIFICANT WE CALCULATE THE COMBINED VALUE AS g56 M 256 M 1287 2 L ORG WI
36. FOR PRINT F FOR I 1 TO IF 2 lt gt IF I IF I NEXT I PRINT S INTCI 3 J INTCI 32 gt THEN PRINT PRINT TS 3L 3T 3L 53T 3L 5T 8 9 K 9xJ I PRINT ACK ELSE PRINT THEN PRINT F tolto IF J gt 7 THEN F CHR 143 IF J 1 NEXT J PRINT INPUT RETURN REM HIT J INTCCJ 12 3 THEN PRINT F 3L 3F 3L 3F 3L5 3F ENTER TO CONTINUE D FORIZITOS81 ACIO OZBCIOS NEXT 1 5 PRINT INPUT IF A lt 1 OR HOW DIFFICULT DO YOU WANT YOUR PUZZLE PRINT 2 MEDIUM PRINT 3zHARD A 3 THEN 7323 2 2 2 1 FOR Iz1 x TO RND 81 W IF 0 THEN 7979 A X 62 A X NEXT I RETURN REM REM REM REM REM REM 4999 5000 3999 1999 6109 TRSSBIT PORTING COMMENTS CREATES A RANDOM ORDERING OF FILLS PUZZLE WITH ROTATIONS OF THE RANDOM ORDERING MORE OR LESS PERMUTES THE COLUMNS HIDES SOME OF THE ELEMENTS PRINTS THE PUZZLE ARRAY 1 59 VOL 92 NO 4 CHRISTMAS 2998 9 JUJ IJLMYOS 1861 6 61 09 1461 0807 6 uonesodjog jo MJBLU9DB1I g08 SH1 eq eur e squeumbrv eq sejemo eo uonotm SUV 9JEMIJOS JO 1 P SI 410 A jo ytebuer ANYL qorqw srequmu sen vA gj ees sexoau enn
37. HE DRIVE IS STEPPING OR IS MOMENTARILY NOT SELECTED AS THE DOS CHECKS ON A FLOPPY DRIVE OR DOES SOMETHING ELSE NORMALLY THE GREEN LIGHT IS LIT ON THE MASTER DRIVE IF YOU HAVE A SLAVE CONNECTED ITS GREEN LIGHT WILL NORMALLY BE DARK THE ORANGE WIRE IS PART OF THE WRITE PROTECT CIRCUIT AND SENDS 5 OR 2 VOLTS TO THE HDC THEREBY INFORMING THE LOGIC WHETHER THE WP SWITCH ON THE FRONT OF THE CASE IS DEPRESSED WHEN THE SWITCH IS DEPRESSED AND THE RED LIGHT IS ON THE ORANGE WIRE IS AT VOLTS WHEN THE WP LIGHT IS OFF THE ORANGE WIRE IS AT 5 VOLTS A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON A QUIRK OF THE WRITE PROTECT CIRCUIT IS APPROPRIATE THE RED LAMP IS ACTIVE IN A SENSE EVEN WHEN IS DARK WHEN THE LAMP IS DARK 5 VOLTS IS PASSED THROUGH IT TO THE REMAINING LOGIC IN THE HDC THE QUIRK IS THAT IF THE LAMP BURNS OUT OR FAILS TO MAKE GOOD CONTACT IN ITS SOCKET THEN THE 5 VOLTS DOES NOT GET TO THE LOGIC AND THE HDC SEES VOLTS WHICH IT INTERPRETS AS A WRITE PROTECTED CONDITION THE RESULT IS THE DOS CANNOT WRITE ON A DRIVE EVEN THOUGH THE WRITE PROTECT WAS NOT DELIBERATELY ENGAGED WITH A BURNED OUT LAMP THE DRIVE IS CONTINUOUSLY WRITE PROTECTED THE LAMP BY THE WAY IS RATED 5 VOLTS 55 MILLIAMP THE CURRENT DRAW IS NOT CRITICAL ANYTHING FROM ONE MILLIAMP TO 199 MILLIAMP WILL THE PROBLEM IS AVAILABILITY OF THIS SPECIAL AN EMERGENCY SOLUTION IS TO REPLACE THE BURNED OUT LAMP W
38. HER NINTENDO DS WHICH HAS YET AGAIN INSPIRED ME TO HAVE A GO AT THE ONE LINERS IN THIS ISSUE THEY ARE ALL ABOUT HAND AND EYE COORDINATION THE IDEA BEING THAT YOU JUST TYPE IN THE RESPECTIVE SCREEN NUMBER WHEN BITS OF IT LIGHT UP THE FIRST ONE WAS QUITE SIMPLE BUT THE OTHER ONE TOOK A BIT MORE TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 1 EFFORT TO GET IT DOWN TO JUST THE ONE LINE IT WAS THOSE PESKY IF STATEMENTS THEY WILL KEEP DROPPING YOU THROUGH TO THE NEXT LINE WHEN THEIR CONDITIONS ARE MET DON T FORGET THE LARGE SPACES IN BOTH PROGRAMS ARE CREATED BY THE DOWN ARROW AND NOT THE SPACE BAR FOR A LONGER GAME JUST INCREASE THE F LOOP I VE REVAMPED AN ORIGINAL ARTICLE BY LAURIE SHIELDS WHICH GIVES SOME GREAT IDEAS FOR CHANGING LOWER CASE TO UPPER CASE THE SMALL ASSEMBLER PROGRAM WITH NOTATION IS INCLUDED TOGETHER WITH A BASIC PROGRAM THAT USES A USR ROUTINE TO CALL IT I HOPE YOU FIND IT OF SOME INTEREST ANYONE FANCY CHANGING IT TO CONVERT UPPER TO LOWER CASE WELL THAT JUST ABOUT WRAPS UP THIS ISSUE I D LOVE TO HAVE YOUR FEEDBACK THE NEXT ISSUE SHOULD BE OUT EARLY MARCH 2009 50 IN THE TAKE CARE BYE FOR NOW DUSTY AT THE READY PROMPT I WAS BUSY PLAYING WITH MY MODEL1 THE OTHER DAY FILLING ARRAYS WITH GENERATED RANDOM NUMBERS AND I SUDDENLY THOUGHT IT WOULD BE A GOOD IDEA IF THE MACHINE GAVE ME AN INDICATION THAT IT WAS WORKING OK OTHER THAN
39. IS A LINK TO HIS SITE ON TRS 80 O0RG UK HAVE A LOOK IT S YET AGAIN ANOTHER REMARKABLE PIECE OF SOFTWARE JUST RELEASED FOR A 39 YEAR OLD PIECE OF HARDWARE THERE HAS BEEN A REDUCTION IN THE AMOUNT OF TRAFFIC ON THE UK S EBAY FOR TRS 80 RELATED ITEMS FOR QUITE A WHILE VARIOUS BOOKS SEEM TO FETCH A FEW POUNDS EACH JUNE 2006 PAGE 1 AND A COUPLE OF MODEL 4P S RANGING FROM 12 40 EACH SOMEONE HAD BEEN ADVERTISING 272 ISSUES OF BYTE FOR SALE WITH A STARTING BID OF 299 IT WAS TOO MUCH MONEY FOR ME BUT THEY WOULD MAKE VERY INTERESTING READING EBAY COM STILL MANAGES TO AMAZE ME WITH THE QUANTITY AND DIVERSITY OF ITEMS STILL BEING OFFERED FOR SALE IF ONLY THE POSTAGE COSTS FROM THE STATES WERE NOT SO HIGH JUST BY WAY OF ADVANCE NOTICE MY ISP IS CLOSING DOWN AT THE END OF JUNEGOS THIS MEANS A NEW HOME FOR TRS 8g ORG UK HAS TO BE FOUND PRETTY SHARPISHe I HOPE TO ACCOMPLISH THE CHANGE OVER AS SEAMLESSLY AS POSSIBLE BUT JUST IN CASE I LL ASK FOR YOU FORBEARANCE IT ALSO MEANS OF COURSE MY EMAIL ADDRESS WILL CHANGE TO DUSTYMGFABSITESUKe amp COM PLEASE USE THIS ADDRESS WITH IMMEDIATE EFFECT I SHALL BE SENDING AN EMAIL TO EVERYONE WHO HAS CONTACTED ME OVER THE LAST TWO YEARS SO HOPEFULLY NO CONTRIBUTION TO TRSSBIT WILL GO 155 CONTINUED ON PAGE 199 AT THE READY PROMPT HAVING BITTEN THE BULLET AND STARTED USING MATTHEW REED S EMUL
40. ISK BASIC AND READY WILL BE DISPLAYED ON THE MODEL 1 IF YOU PRESS F2 ON THE MODEL 10995 THE FILE WILL BE CLOSED AND YOU CAN EXIT FROM TELECOM BY PRESSING F6 TWICE TO UPLOAD FROM THE MODEL 100 TO THE MODEL 1 FIRST SET THE MODEL UP FOR RECEIVE AUTO LINE FEED ON SHIFT AND OPEN THE MEMORY BUFFER SHIFT KEYING ON THE MODEL 100 WILL RESULT IN THE REQUEST FOR THE FILE NAME INPUT THE FILE AND RESPOND TO THE WIDTH QUESTION WITH ENTER UP WILL BE DISPLAYED IN REVERSE VIDEO AND THE FILE WILL BE TRANSFERRED TO THE MODEL 1 BEING DISPLAYED ON THE MODEL 1 SCREEN AS TRANSFER OCCURS WHEN THE FILE HAS BEEN TRANSFERRED UP ON THE MODEL 192 SCREEN WILL CHANGE FROM REVERSE VIDEO TO NORMAL KEYING SHIFT X ON THE MODEL 1 WILL CLOSE THE MEMORY BUFFER AND THE FILE CAN BE TRANSFERRED TO DISK USING SHIFT Fe MORE RECENTLY MATTHEW REEDS EMULATOR THE REALLY NICE THING ABOUT IT WAS THAT IT WORKS IN REVERSE 1 WITH THE SHIFT HELD DOWN LOWER CASE LETTERS ARE PRODUCED THIS AVOIDED ACCIDENTAL LOWER CASE ENTRIES A REAL BOON FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT AND DE BUGGING 18 REM FUR 16K MACHINES SET MEM SIZE T 32737 eB POKE 156553 2e53 F RI 3e8738T s2 57 RERBDJ POKE J HERT 38 FOKE 18414 s2256 POKEl15415 127 48 DATA 51 lil 3221 188545 lS lp di 2215 12657 or 1836 dus 1 SB DAT 11 121 254 32 218 6r Sr Pd 1885 P185 1665 4 1950 1892 4 TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 81
41. ITH THE ONE FROM THE GREEN ACTIVE SOCKET THE LAMPS ARE THE SAME AND THE SYSTEM DOESN T CARE IF THE GREEN LAMP WORKS OR NOT I HAVE CHASED OUT THE ORIGINAL WIRING OF ALL THE RADIO SHACK DRIVES EITHER PERSONALLY OR THROUGH OTHER HELPFUL PERSONS I ESPECIALLY WANT TO THANK ART MCANINCH OF BORGER TX AND FRED OBERDING OF SAUSALITO CA FOR THEIR KIND EFFORTS AND COMMUNICATIONS Table 2 Three Wires Connections Early Masters with large HDC s 8X300 chip type Wir range Yellow Whit Function Write Protect Drive Select Seek Complete ORIGINAL CONNECTIONS 5 12 15 Meg TP 18 U21 8 U7 5 GENERIC SIMPLIFIED CONNECTIONS All MFM HDC resistor J6 pin 26 HDC J6 pin 6 Drives pack R27 pin 6 Note 3 Note 3 Note 1 Late Masters with small HDC s WD1010 chip type r low Function Write Protect Drive Select Seek Complete ORIGINAL CONNECTIONS 12 15 Meg TP 18 U21 8 TP 8 35 Meg J2 5 01 5 015 16 70 Meg R97 Outboard TP 1 Note 4 pin J11 GENERIC SIMPLIFIED CONNECTIONS All HDC R54 end R23 end HDC U31 pin 8 Drives nearest J10 nearest U23 Note 2 TRS BIT VOL 2 NO 82 JUNE 2998 PAGE 5 TABLE 2 SHOWS THE ORIGINAL HOOK UP PLUS AN ALTERNATE CAND SIMPLER GENERIC ARRANGEMENT FOR MASTER DRIVES ESPECIALLY WHERE SOME OTHER BUBBLE 1S BEING INSTALLED SEE THE SECTIONS HEADED GENERIC FOR THE SIMPLER CONNECTIONS THE ADVANTAGE OF THE GENERIC CONNECTION IS THAT YOU CAN THEREAFTER REMOVE OR
42. LOWER CASE STRING WE HAVE TO CALL A ROM ROUTINE AT A7FH AND THE INFORMATION RETURNS IN THE HL REGISTERS THE INFORMATION IS IN FACT THE ADDRESS OF THE FIRST BYTE OF THREE THAT GIVE DETAILS ABOUT THE STRING VARIABLE AND THIS ONE IS SIMPLY THE LENGTH OF THE STRING IF IT S ZERO THEN WE HAVE A NULL STRING THE LARGEST WOULD BE 255 WHICH IS WHY THE LONGEST STRING WE ARE ALLOWED IS 255 BYTES AS ANY MORE WOULD REQUIRE MORE THAN ONE BYTE FOR THE SIZE THE NEXT TWO BYTES GIVE US THE ADDRESS OF SOMEWHERE DIFFERENT IN MEMORY WHERE THE STRING IS LOCATED THIS ADDRESS IS STORED IN THE USUAL 280 FORMAT OF LEAST SIGNIFICANT BYTE FIRST FOLLOWED BY THE MOST SIGNIFICANT BYTE IF WE WANTED TO BE BULLET PROOF THEN WE OUGHT TO INCLUDE A TEST ON WHETHER OR NOT THE VARPTR SUPPLIED FROM BASIC BELONGS TO A STRING OR SOME OTHER VARIABLE THIS WE COULD DO BY LOOKING THREE BYTES BEFORE THE SIZE AND CHECKING THAT THE VALUE THERE IS THREE IF THE VARPTR BELONGS TO SOMETHING OTHER THAN STRING ONCE WE HAVE CHECKED THAT THE SIZE ISN T ZERO AND THE ACTUAL TRS BIT VOL 828 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 3 ADDRESS HAS BEEN LOADED INTO THE D AND E REGISTERS THEN WE GO ROUND A SIMPLE LOOPING THE REGISTER WITH EACH CHARACTER IN TURN CHECKING IF IT IS OUTSIDE THE RANGE A TO 2 AND IF THEN RE SETTING BIT 5 TO ZERO BY AND ING WITH 5 PUTTING THE RESULT BACK WHERE WE FOUND ON COM
43. LY BASED UPON 8 HEADS AND 230 512 OR 1924 CYLINDERS FOLLOWING THE USUAL ADVERTISING PRACTICE YOU COULD MORE PROPERLY CALL THESE 11 34 AND 67 MEG DRIVES IS NOT POSSIBLE TO USE ANY DRIVE LARGER THAN 67 78 MEGS BECAUSE THE HDC CANNOT DEAL WITH MORE THAN 8 HEADS AND 1924 CYLINDERS AND THE DOS CANNOT HANDLE OTHER THAN 32 SECTORS OF 2856 BYTES EACH NO MATTER THE 67 MEG IS A LARGE DRIVE AND YOU ARE UNLIKELY TO FILL IT SLAVE DRIVES I HAVE OMITTED DISCUSSING SLAVE DRIVES IN THIS ARTICLES THE WHOLE POINT OF SWAPPING DRIVES IS TO GET MORE CAPACITY AND MY FEELING IS THAT YOU ARE BETTER OFF TO PUT A BIG DRIVE IN THE MASTER AND FILE THE SLAVE IN THE CLOSET YOU CAN GO AS LARGE AS 72 MEG IN YOUR MASTER SO WHY FOOL AROUND WITH THE SLAVE DRIVE JUST IN PASSING I WILL REMARK THAT THE THREE WIRES ARE ACTUALLY FOUR IN NUMBER IN A SLAVE BOX PAGE 6 THE FOURTH WIRE BRINGING VOLTS TO A POWER RELAY WHICH OBVIATES THE NEED FOR POWER SWITCH IN A SLAVE AND THE WIRE COLOURS DIFFER FROM THOSE IN A MASTER BOX 12 MISCELLANEOUS COMMENTS A FEW OTHER FACTORS OF INTEREST ARE THE SECTOR INTERLEAVE THE CYLINDER TO REDUCE WRITE CURRENT THE CYLINDER TO BEGIN PRE COMPENSATION AND THE AVERAGE ACCESS TIME SECTOR INTERLEAVE IS PREDETERMINED WITHIN THE FORMATTER AND UNLESS YOU ARE GOOD AT MACHINE CODE gt NOT ADJUSTABLE THE GURUS WHO DESIGNED THE RADIO SHACK HARD DRIVE SYSTEM SET THIS FOR 05
44. NE 2998 PAGE 19 TRS SBIT WELCOME TO THE SEPTEMBER EDITION OF TRS8BIT JUST A QUICK THANK YOU FOR THE FEEDBACK KIND COMMENTS IN GENERAL AND IN PARTICULAR ABOUT ROY S HARD DISK ARTICLE IN THE LAST ISSUE IT SEEMS AT LEAST TWO PEOPLE HAVE BEEN ASSISTED BY IT HOW ABOUT LETTING US ALL KNOW HOW YOU RE GETTING ON CONTRIBUTIONS HAVE BEEN A THIN ON THE GROUND MOST PROBABLY DUE TO THE AUGUST HOLIDAY TIME BUT I HOPE THAT I VE MANAGED TO FIND ODD LITTLE BITS OF INTEREST FOR YOU THE USUAL ONE LINER MAKES AN APPEARANCE AND A NUMBER OF SNIPPETS IN AT THE READY PROMPT WHICH I VE BEEN PLAYING AROUND WITH I VE PRODUCED A CHART OF LOOK AT A GLANCE PRINTER INFORMATION TO ASSIST IN CHECKING FOR COMPARABLE OPTIONS THERE S AN ARTICLE BY ANON WHO DOESN T LIKE MOD PERHAPS IN HIS YOUNGER LIFE HE WAS A ROCKER STAR BILLING GOES TO A CRACKING ARTICLE BY EC KILPATRICK FOR ALL YOU HARDWARE BUFFS OR ANYONE WANTING TO FIT 48K INSIDE THEIR KEYBOARD THIS ALL CAME ABOUT BECAUSE I WON SOME 8 64K RAM CHIPS WHICH WERE FOR SALE ON EBAY AND I WAS SURE THAT IN THE BACK OF MY MIND THERE WAS AN ARTICLE WHICH HAD A USE THEM SURE ENOUGH I FOUND IT IT WAS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN NATGUG NEWS IN SEPTEMBER 1984 AND I VE MANAGED TO INCORPORATE ALL THE LATER ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS THAT WENT WITH THE CHIPS ARE MARKED SHARP LH2164 15 NOW IF ANYONE WOULD LIKE TO TRY IT OUT I D BE MOR
45. NERS AND PROGRAMS FOR TRSSBIT ARE EITHER WRITTEN DEVISED OR TESTED USING THE EMULATOR I M QUITE HOOKED ON THE WINDOWS VIRTUAL CASSETTE THAT S ABOUT IT FOR NOW KEEP IN TOUCH DUSTY AT THE READY PROMPT WITHIN LEVEL II BASIC THERE ISN T AN XOR INSTRUCTION ONLY AND NOT HOWEVER IT IS POSSIBLE ACCORDING TO JOHN PHELAN TO USE THE FOLLOWING B OR B A AND B AND OBTAIN THE CORRECT RESULT IN THE LAST EDITION I MENTIONED THE PRINT USING SIGN SO IT SEEMS ONLY FAIR TO FEATURE THE OTHER STRING OUTPUT CODE WHICH IS THE PERCENT SIGN THE PERCENT SIGN MARKS THE BEGINNING AND THE END OF A PRINT LOCATION TO BE FILLED WITH STRING DATA BETWEEN THE 2 PERCENT SIGNS IS A GIVEN NUMBER OF SPACES THESE SPACES DEFINE THE WIDTH OF THE STRING FIELD FOR EXAMPLE THE EXPRESSION Z DEFINES STRING FIELD OF 4 POSITIONS THE BEGINNING AND END PERCENT SIGNS COUNT AS ONE SPACE EACH WHEN YOU USE THIS PRINT MODE THE COMPUTER TAKES THE OPERAND STRING SUPPLIED BY YOU AND TRIES TO PUT IT INTO THE PRINT USING FIELD FOR EXAMPLE 12 PRINT USING 4 DUSTY WILL PRINT DUST ALL CHARACTERS THAT DON T FIT INTO THE PRINT USING STATEMENT ARE TRUNCATED ANY PERCENT SIGN THAT IS NOT BEGINNING OR ENDING A STRING FIELD IS REGARDED AS JUST ANOTHER CHARACTER YOU OF COURSE PRE DEFINE YOUR PRINT USING STRING TO SAVE MEMORY CAND FOR E
46. O SHACK SOLDERED THESE THREE WIRES DIRECTLY TO THE PC BOARD OF THE BUBBLE WHICH COULD EASILY BE DONE ON THE PRODUCTION LINE IT DOES POSE A PROBLEM TO US USERS ESPECIALLY WHEN WE WISH TO SWAP BUBBLES IT MAY BE USEFUL TO EXPLAIN THE PURPOSE OF THE THREE WIRES THE WIRE COLOURS ARE AS FOUND IN A MASTER DRIVE THE COLOURS ARE DIFFERENT IN A SLAVE DRIVE THE YELLOW WIRE RESPONDS TO THE DRIVE SELECT SIGNAL THE SYSTEM CAN ELECTRICALLY ACCOMMODATE UP TO 4 DRIVES ONE MASTER AND THREE SLAVES THERE IS A DRIVE SELECT LINE FOR EACH OF THEM THE SELECTED DRIVE HAS VOLTS ON ITS SELECT LINE AND THE OTHER THREE STAND AT 5 0115 WHEN THE MASTER DRIVE IS SELECTED THE YELLOW WIRE WILL BE AT 2 VOLTS AND THE GREEN LIGHT MAY BE ON THE REASON FOR SAYING MAY IS THAT THE WHITE WIRE ALSO ENTERS INTO THE PICTURE THE WHITE WIRE SENSES SEEK COMPLETED WHICH IS A SIGNAL RETURNED BY THE DRIVE TO THE WHILE THE DRIVE IS ACTIVELY STEPPING THIS LINE WILL BE AT 5 VOLTS SIGNIFYING SEEK IS NOT COMPLETE WHEN SEEK IS COMPLETE THE LINE GOES LOW AND THE WHITE WIRE WILL BE AT VOLTS THE WHITE AND YELLOW WIRES ARE NORED TO TURN ON THE GREEN LIGHT WHEN TRS BIT VOL 2 NO 82 JUNE 2008 PAGE 4 BOTH ARE 108 IF THE DRIVE IS STEPPING OR NOT SELECTED THE GREEN LIGHT GOES DARK THUS THE STEADY GREEN LIGHT MEANS THE DRIVE IS SELECTED AND IS NOT AND A FLICKERING GREEN LIGHT MEANS EITHER T
47. PLETION WE SIMPLY RET URN TO BASIC TO GET THIS ROUTINE WITHIN A BASIC PROGRAM WE CONVERT ALL OF THE BYTES INTO DECIMAL NUMBERS EG CD 19 16 13 7 16 15 ETC AND WRITING THEM INTO DATA STATEMENTS BUT AS THIS SYSTEM OF PUTTING THEM BACK INTO MEMORY REQUIRES AN EVEN NUMBER OF BYTES WE MUST ADD A ZERO AT THE END GIVING 28 BYTES IN TOTAL WE ARE GOING TO STORE THEM IN AN INTEGER ARRAY WHERE EACH VALUE IN THE ARRAY HOLDS 2 BYTES SO FOR 28 WE NEED TO DIMENSION 13 AS WE WILL USE THE ZERO ONE TO GET THE VALUES INTO THE ARRAY WE MULTIPLY THE SECOND ONE OF THE PAIR BY 256 AND ADD IT TO THE FIRST BUT CHECKING THAT THE RESULT IS NOT GREATER THAN 32767 BEFORE ALLOCATING IT TO THE INTEGER ARRAY IF THE RESULT IS GREATER THAN 32767 THEN SUBTRACT 65536 FIRST HOWEVER I DON T LIKE THESE BIG NUMBERS AND AS THE ONLY WAY TO END UP GREATER THAN 32767 IS FOR THE SECOND NUMBER OF THE PAIR TO BE GREATER THAN 127 IN THE FIRST PLACE THEN THIS IS SIMPLER TO SORT OUT IF YOU ARE FORTUNATE ENOUGH TO BE USING THE ZEN EDITOR ASSEMBLER THEN INCLUDE LOAD 88280H COMMAND JUST AFTER THE ORG STATEMENT AND THEN PEEK AT MEMORY ADDRESSES 8800H TO 881AH AND GET THE DECIMAL VALUES OF THE MACHINE CODE BYTES CONVERT THESE INTO DATA STATEMENTS AND YOUR FINISH PROGRAM SHOULD LOOK SOMETHING LIKE THE ONE ON PAGE 5 IT IS POSSIBLE TO GO EVEN FURTHER TO MAKE LIFE MUCH EASIER IT S AN INTERESTING AND CLEVER LITTLE TRICK I
48. RS O I HOPE YOU ENJOY IT AS MUCH AS DEE AND I HAVE BY WAY OF A XMAS TRADITION IF WE VE BEEN ABOUT LONG ENOUGH TO HAVE A TRADITION I VE PRODUCED ANOTHER ASCII PRINT WITH A SUITABLE XMAS FLAVOUR THE PROGRAM IS NEARLY IDENTICAL TO THE ONE USED LAST XMAS EXCEPT FOR AN ADDITIONAL LINE FOR YOU LUCKY PEOPLE WITH MORE THAN 16 OF OTHER THAN THAT IT S ONLY THE DATA LINES THAT HAVE CHANGED PERHAPS SOME OF YOU WILL REMEMBER THAT A COUPLE OF ISSUES AGO I MENTIONED THAT I WAS TAKING OVER THE JOB AS TREASURE OF MY LOCAL BRANCH OF THE BRITISH PRINTING SOCIETY THERE ARE A VERY SMALL NUMBER OF TRANSACTIONS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR SO I THOUGHT IT WOULD BE NICE TO TRY AND RUN THE ACCOUNTS USING VISICALC AND ELECTRIC PENCIL IT ACTUALLY WORKED OUT QUITE WELL I D FORGOTTEN JUST HOW GOOD VISICALC IS WAS THE ONLY PROBLEM 1 ENCOUNTERED WAS WITH THE RESULTING PRINT OUT I WANTED TO USE THIS TYPE FACE CTELEPRINTER AND NOT HAVING A TELETYPE 33 ANYMORE I HAD TO CHEAT A LITTLE I DOWNLOADED A COPY OF MY END OF YEAR STATEMENT TO WINDOWS USING MATTHEW REED S TRSREAD PROGRAM AND USED WINDOWS NOTEPAD TO CHANGE TO THE REQUIRED FONT JUST TO REFRESH YOUR MEMORY I VE INCLUDED A MODEL 3 VISICALC CRIB SHEET JUST IN CASE YOU WANT TO PLAY gt SORRY IF THE REPRODUCTION IS NOT TOO GOOD BUT THE ORIGINAL IS ON THE WAXY PAPER WE ALL KNEW AND LOVED SO MUCH DEE S BEEN PLAYING WITH A NEW GAME ON
49. S SIGNAL IS INVERTED BY THE SPARE NOR GATE OF Z37 5859 10 AND COMBINED WITH RAS IN THE SPARE OR GATE OF Z13 12 gt 13 WHICH IN TURN FROM PIN 11 FEEDS THE EXISTING RAM CONNECTION AT 274 PIN 198 NOTE 5 8 AND 9 OF 237 MUST BE SEPARATED AND ONLY ONE OF THEM MAY BE CONNECTED TO PIN 8 OF 273 AS ALTHOUGH TRS BIT VOL 92 NO 93 SEPTEMBER 2998 PAGE 3 PIN 9 APPEARS TO BE FLOATING IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO BE 1087 CERTAIN ABOUT PIN 8 SO IT MUST BE TIED TO PIN 7 EARTH e Al4 AND A15 MUST ALSO BE LINKED TO PINS 14 AND 13 OF THE DATA SELECTOR Z51 WHILE IT S OUTPUT AT PIN 12 WILL BE LINKED TO THE NUMBER 9 PINS OF EACH OF THE 64K RAMS HERE ARE THE DETAILED CHANGES NECESSARY OPEN UP THE KEYBOARD AND LOCATE THE FOLLOWING CHIPS ON THE TRACE SIDE OF THE BOARD 221 236 237 751 273 AND 274 I STUCK SMALL NUMBER LABEL ON EACH CHIP TO MAKE SURE I COULD ALWAYS READ THEM AND LOCATE PIN 12 LAY THE KEYBOARD COMPONENT SIDE DOWN WITH THE KEYS AWAY FROM YOU CUT THE FOLLOWING TRACES BETWEEN PINS 8 AND 9 OF 237 CA SOLDER SUCKER IS NEED CLOSE TO PINS 9 AND 10 OF Z73 19 ON THE COMPONENT SIDE AND PIN 5 OF 274 SOME LATE 550 BOARDS ALSO HAVE THE TRACES OF PINS 12 13 AND 14 OF Z73 JOINED TOGETHER SO THE TRACE BOTH SIDES OF PIN 13 MUST ALSO BE CUT USING THIN INSULATED WIRE CONNECT THESE PINS IN THIS ORDER FROM Z73 PIN 11 TO Z74
50. T S THE PAPER CLIP CRANK THAT MAKES THIS IDEA PRACTICAL WITHOUT THIS YOU WOULD HAVE TO ADVANCE THE RIBBON WITH THE SINCE THERE ARE 20 YARDS OF RIBBON TRS BIT VOL 928 NO 82 JUNE 2008 PAGE 9 IN THE CARTRIDGE THIS YOUR FINGER S WITH THE COULD TAKE QUITE SOME TIME CRANK HOWEVER IT TAKES NO AND THE SHARP HARD LITTLE MORE THAN 2 OR 3 MINUTES TO KNOB WOULD PLAY HAVOC WITH WIND THE ENTIRE RIBBON Figure 1 Paper clip crank po3 Figure 2 Give the ribbon a half E N 4 twist di By turning the knob the twist is wound down inside the cartridge The twist remains in the ribbon until it is fully wound CONTINUED FROM PAGE 2 I VE MANAGED TO DO A DEAL WITH FABSITESUK COM WHO ALLOW WEB HOSTING FOR VERY MODERATE FEES IF YOU RE A NON PROFIT MAKING ORGANIZATION TALKING OF NEWS LETTER CONTRIBUTION THEY ARE A THIN ON THE GROUND IF YOU RE HAVING FUN WITH YOUR TRS 80 I D LOVE TO KNOW WHAT YOU RE UP TO JUST AN UPDATE OF A FEW LINES WOULD BE APPRECIATED TRS BIT VOL 22 NO 92 The large end of the paper clip is inserted into the socket and used as a crank RD MY EMAIL ADDRESS ON THE WEB SITE HAS BEEN CHANGED FROM THE DATE OF THIS ISSUE 50 IN CASE YOU LOOSE THIS NOTE OF JUST CLICK ON THE EMAIL BUTTON WELL THAT ABOUT WRAPS UP THIS EDITION I HOPE YOU FOUND SOMETHING OF INTEREST SO UNTIL SEPTEMBER BYE FOR NOW DUSTY JU
51. TABLE 1 ARE PHYSICALLY AND ELECTRICALLY INTERCHANGEABLE THERE ARE ACTUALLY MANY MORE FLOATING AROUND THEY JUST HAVE TO BE MFM TYPES THE MISOSYS RSHARD5 6 DRIVERS AND POWERSOFT SUPREME HD DRIVERS SERIES RS BOTH WILL WORK WITH ALL OF THEM THE MISOSYS DRIVERS ARE EASIER TO INSTALL BUT THE POWERBOAT SUPREME DRIVERS ALLOW GREATER FLEXIBILITY WHEN YOU WANT MAXIMUM CONTROL OVER PLACEMENT OF PARTITIONS NOTE THE DRIVER RSHARD THAT ROY REFERS TO IS CURRENTLY AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOADING AT MANNeORGe BIG THANKS GO TO TIM MANN amp ROY SOLTOFF FOR THIS FACILITY IT IS STILL POSSIBLE TO BUY MFM DRIVES I VE SEEN THEM ADVERTISED ON EBAY ON A NUMBER OF OCCASIONS oo 22 PACKING AND SUPER GRAPHICS BY PHILLIP CASE BY NOW gt MOST OF YOU HAVE SEEN THOSE FUNNY LISTINGS WHICH APPEARS TO BE GARBAGE PROGRAMS LIKE ANDROID NIM WARY AND STAR SCOUT ALL LOOK LIKE BAD LOADS WHEN LISTED THIS IS DUE THE USE OF A PROCESS KNOWN AS PACKING THE GRAPHICS THE REASON THESE PROGRAMS HAVE THEIR GRAPHICS STRINGS PACKED THIS WAY IS TO SAVE MEMORY BY PACKING YOUR STRINGS IN THIS MEMORY YOU REDUCE THE AMOUNT OF OVERHEADS MEMORY NEEDED BY ABOUT TWO THIRDS TO CREATE SUPER GRAPHICS ONE SIMPLY CHANGES THE VALUE OF THE CHARACTERS BETWEEN THE QUOTES IN A LINE TO READ AS GRAPHICS CODES FOR EXAMPLE 10 A TO CHANGE THIS LINE ONE WOULD SIMPLY POKE THE MEMORY LOCA
52. THE LAST FEW WEEKS WITH MODEL 1 S FETCHING BETWEEN 18 AND 35 AND MODEL 4 S FETCHING BETWEEN 50 AND 90 THERE S BEEN CONSIDERABLY MORE SALES OF ACCESSORIES BOOKS AND SOFTWARE TOO FOR ALL MODELS AS AT THE TIME OF WRITING THERE IS A VIDEO GENIE FOR SALE IN AN EBAY SHOP THE PRICE IS 890 IT S NICE TO KNOW THERE S STILL A BIT OF INTEREST OUT THERE CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 AT THE READY PROMPT ONE REALLY NEAT FEATURE OF DISK BASIC IS THAT IT ALLOWS THE USE OF HEX AND OCTAL CONSTANTS I E IF YOU ISSUE THE COMMAND PRINT amp H5BBB IT RETURNS THE ANSWER 23483 THE DECIMAL EQUIVALENT THIS SAVES HAVING TO GET OUT MY TANDY PC 6 COMPUTER ANY TIME I NEED A CONVERSION FIGURE HERE S A FEW OLD CHESTNUTS BUT JUST IN CASE YOU DON T HAVE THEM TO HAND TO DISABLE THE MODEL 1 S BREAK KEY POKE 16396 23 AND JUST AS HANDY TO ENABLE THE BREAK KEY POKE 163965201 IF YOU CAN T REMEMBER WHAT YOU VE SET MEMORY SIZE TO WHEN STARTING LEVEL II BASIC HERE S AN EASY WAY TO HELP 16561 16562 256 02 IF 293 73 THE MACHINE YOU RE ON IS MODEL 3 ANY OTHER VALUE AND IT S A MODEL 1 THESE WORK FINE WITH MATTHEW REED S M1 EMULATOR IF YOU RE ON A MODEL 1 POKE 1536051 PRINT 15369 THIS WILL PRINT A 1 IF THE R S LOWER CASE MOD HAD BEEN FITTED IF NOT THE RESULT WILL BE 65 THERE S A LITTLE BUGLETT IN SOME E
53. THE MODEL I OR MODEL 3 WOULD BE A INT A B THUS THE EQUIVALENT OF 193 MOD 25 AS IN OUR PREVIOUS EXAMPLE WOULD BE 193 INT 103 295 25 WHICH AS STATED ABOVE SIMPLIFIES TO 3 MOD DOES NOT SAVE A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF EXECUTION TIME IT DOES MAKE CODE USING THIS FUNCTION BIT EASIER TO READ BUT THIS I BELIEVE IS FAR OUTWEIGHED BY THE INCOMPATIBILITY IT CAUSES SINCE IT IS EXTREMELY EASY TO CONSTRUCT A MOD FUNCTION WHICH WILL WORK ON VIRTUALLY ANY VERSION OF BASIC I WOULD STRONGLY ADVISE AGAINST USING THIS FUNCTION TRS BIT VOL 92 NO 93 SEPTEMBER 2998 PAGE 5 C SU Tr 0 00 19yuudyoinp SLL d99 08 euijoJolN PO 08 XIN 261 2 5 0861 ATVI VHIO IHVHO NOSIHVdWOO MH3INIHd 8 SHL 4 0 919 V LV 1188541 PAGE 6 SEPTEMBER 2998 NO 93 VOL 2 TRS BIT HIDE YOUR CODE BY PHILIP CASE HERE S A TIP ABOUT USING CONTROL CODE FUNCTIONS TO MAKE YOUR PROGRAMS HARDER FOR OTHER PEOPLE TO LIST EXAMINE AND OR AMEND IF YOU REMEMBERS CHRS 23 PUTS YOUR MODEL 1 S SCREEN INTO THE ENLARGED MODE 32 CHARACTERS PER LINE CONSEQUENTLY s ANYTHING THAT S ON THE SCREEN IN THE 62 CHARACTER MODE WILL LOSE EVERY OTHER LETTER WHEN YOU SWITCH INTO THE ENLARGED MODE YOU CAN ILLUSTRATE THIS BY TYPING ANYTHING ON THE SCREEN PRESSING SHIFT RIGHT ARROW THEN PRINTING 23 HOME
54. THOUT AN IF OR ELSE IN SIGHT IS NECESSARY TO DEFINE THE USR ROUTINE EACH TIME BEFORE USE SINCE INTRODUCING OTHER SIMPLE VARIABLES INTO THE RUNNING OF WHATEVER APPLICATION YOU PUT THIS ROUTINE TO COULD CAUSE THE ACTUAL BYTES OF MEMORY ALLOCATED BY BASIC FOR THIS ARRAY TO BE CHANGED 22 8B H LOAD 8800H 8800 CD7F9A START CALL 3GET STRING POINTER 8803 LD 3GET LENGTH OF STRING 8804 B7 OR A 3TEST IF NULL 8805 C8 RET Z 31F ZERO BYTES RETURN 8806 47 LD 3PUT BYTE COUNT INTO REG B 8807 23 INC HL 3POINT TO LSB IF STRING ADDR 8808 SE LD E CHL 3LOAD IN E REGISTER 8809 23 INC HL 3POINT TO MSB OF STRING ADDR 8BQA 56 LD 3DE NOW HAS ADDR OF STRING 6BOB 1 LOOP LD A DE 3GET BYTE FROM STRING 8800 FE61 CP 3IF lt LOWERCASE A 8805 3807 JR C NEXT 31GNORE IT 8B19 FET7B CP 2 1 gt LOWERCASE Z 8812 3993 JR NC NEXT 31GNORE IT 6Bl4 65 AND 313111118 3MASK OUT 5 6B16 12 LD CDE A 3PUT BACK INTO STRING 17 13 NEXT INC DE POINT TO NEXT CHARACTER 8818 19F1 DJNZ LOOP 3GO ROUND LOOP 6BlA C9 RET 3ALL DONE RETURN TO BASIC END 18 DEFIMT J L M HE DIBMJLCIS 29 F RN BTUlS 38 READ Let 4d HERT SH STRING FINE 8 DEFUSE YARPTE ILE 88 M USRCVBRPTRCIBEA 38 PRIMT IH iaa 118 205 187 18 156 183 288 715359 94r Dr Pa
55. TION THAT CONTAINS THE WITH THE VALUE OF THE GRAPHICS CHARACTER NEEDED IN THIS CASE LET S USE A FULL GRAPHICS BLOCK OR CHR C19120 TO CHANGE LINE 19 TO PRINT CHR 191 WE FIND THE ADDRESS WHICH CONTAINS THE AND POKE THE ADDRESS WITH 191 MOST OF YOU ARE PROBABLY ALREADY FAMILIAR WITH THIS PROCESS SO I WON T SAY ANYTHING MORE ABOUT IT EXCEPT THAT DISK USERS HAVE TRS BIT VOL 22 NO 90 JUNE 2008 PAGE 8 A REAL ADVANTAGE IN THE USE OF DEBUG THE INTERESTING THING ABOUT SUPER GRAPHICS IS THE METHOD IN WHICH THEY WORK THE 5 82 CONVERTS ALL COMMANDS INTO ONE BYTE TOKENS TO SAVE MEMORY IT JUST HAPPENS THAT THE COMMAND TOKENS ARE THE SAME ASCII VALUES AS THE GRAPHICS CHARACTERS THAT S WHY SUPER GRAPHICS LINE CONTAINS ONLY COMMAND WORDS NOW FOR THE HEAVY STUFF STAY CLOSE WE VE ALL BEEN TOLD THAT SUPER GRAPHICS LINES CANNOT BE EDITED THIS IS BECAUSE THE COMPUTER READS ALL THE CONTENTS BETWEEN QUOTES AS REGULAR CHARACTER INFORMATION RATHER THAN TOKENS IF YOU RE LIKE YOU FIND YOU NEED TO EDIT THE LINE THAT YOU VE SLAVED SO HARD OVER TO CONVERT TO TOKENS e THERE IS A LITTLE TRICK THAT WILL PERMIT YOU TO EDIT YOUR SUPER GRAPHICS WITHOUT LOSING YOUR TOKENS IF WHILE YOU RE EDITING THE LINE YOU COHANGE THE FIRST QUOTE IN THE LINE TO AN ASTERISK THE LINE WILL BE RETOKENIZEDe THEN WHEN DONE EDITING POKE THE ASTERISK BACK TO A QUOTE AND VOILA THE LINE IS CONVERTED BACK TO S
56. TRSGBIT WELCOME To THIS THE FIRST EDITION OF 2098 THANKS FOR TAKING THE TIME TO DOWNLOAD AND READ IT DON T FORGET THAT THE NEWSLETTER FORMAT IS DESIGNED TO PRODUCE AN A4 BOOKLET WHEN PRINTED I FIND THAT AN A5 SIZED BOOKLET IS MUCH EASIER TO HOLD AND READ I HOPE THAT ONCE AGAIN I VE MANAGED TO FIND INTERESTING ITEMS TO CATER FOR A SELECTION OF TASTES AND INTERESTS THE MODEL 1 DOES SEEM TO DOMINATE BUT NEVER HAVING OWNED ANY OTHER TRS 80 I M A BIT IN THE DARK WITH THE LATER MODEL 3 S AND 4 S IF THERE IS ANY SUBJECT YOU WISH TO BE FEATURED PLEASE EMAIL ME WITH SUGGESTIONS AND I LL DO MY BEST TO OBLIGE e I VE NOTICED ON EBAY OVER THE LAST 6 TO 8 WEEKS 2 VIDEO GENIES MODEL 10072 5 AND VARIOUS MODEL 4 COME UP FOR SALE I WAS SURPRISED AT HOW LITTLE THEY FETCHED ONE OF THE GENIES A MODEL 3993 WENT FOR JUST UNDER 49 ONE OF THE MODEL 199 ONLY FETCHED 99P AND A MODEL 4P ONLY MANAGED JUST OVER 15 WHILST RUMMAGING THROUGH MY BIT AND PIECES I CAME ACROSS ITEMS FOR BOTH THE MODEL 100 AND THE VIDEO GENIE THIS LEAD ME TO DISCOVER ANOTHER INTERESTING WEB SITE IN NEW ZEALAND I VE PUT A LINK TO THIS ON TRS 898 O0RGe UK THIS EDITION INCLUDES AN ARTICLE BY KEN ROBINSON WHICH LISTS DETAILS OF THE GENIE S 59 WAY BUS AS MATCHED TO THE MODEL 1 S 49 WAY BUS HAS VARIOUS PIECES OF GENIE INFORMATION ON HIS WEB SITE IT S WELL WORTH A VISIT IF YOU RE INTERESTED THERE S
57. UPER GRAPHICS AFTER EDITING THIS LITTLE TRICK SHOULD PROVE USEFUL WHENEVER YOU FIND YOU NEED MORE CHARACTERS IN A LINE WHICH IS ALREADY PACKED FOR THOSE OF YOU WITH A DISK SYSTEM I SUGGEST DOING ALL THE AFOREMENTIONED WITH DEBUG THE MONITOR WHICH IS A PART OF DOS oo 22 MORE MILEAGE FROM EPSON RIBBONS IT IS POSSIBLE TO EXTEND THE LIFE OF EPSON MX 78 AND MX 80 RIBBON CARTRIDGES BY FLIPPING THE RIBBON OVER IN THE CARTRIDGE SINCE THE PRINT HEAD STRIKES OFF CENTRE ON THE RIBBON FLIPPING THE RIBBON EXPOSES A FRESH SURFACE HERE S A SIMPLE TECHNIQUE FOR DOING JUST THAT TAKE AN ORDINARY PAPER CLIP AND BEND IT AS SHOWN IN FIGURE 1 LAY THIS ASIDE WITHIN EASY REACH NOW TAKE THE RIBBON CARTRIDGE AND REFER TO FIGURE 2 LIFT THE RIBBON AT THE END NEAR THE RIBBON ADVANCE KNOB AND GIVE THE RIBBON HALF A TWIST TURN THE ADVANCE KNOB A FEW TURNS TO FEED THE TWISTED RIBBON INTO THE CARTRIDGE THROUGH THE ADVANCE MECHANISM AT THIS POINT THE RIBBON CARTRIDGE SHOULD LOOK AS IT DID BEFORE EXCEPT FOR A HALF TWIST IN THE EXPOSED PORTION TAKE THE PAPER CLIP CRANK YOU MADE EARLIER AND INSERT THE LOOP END INTO THE RIBBON ADVANCE SOCKET ON THE CARTRIDGE THIS IS ON THE BOTTOM OF THE CARTRIDGE OPPOSITE THE ADVANCE KNOB AS IN FIGURE 3 NOW USE THE CRANK TO ADVANCE THE RIBBON UNTIL THE HALF TWIST INSIDE THE CARTRIDGE COMES OUT THE OTHER END THAT S ALL THERE IS TO 11 THE RIBBON IS NOW FLIPPED OVER I
58. XAMPLE lt 19 A S m 20 B z 27 LETSBIE AVENUE 20 PRINT USING A 3B58 WILL PRINT 27 LETSBIE THIS IS A NEAT LITTLE DEVICE FOR LIMITING THE WIDTH USED BY FIELDS WITHIN PRINT OUTS OR SCREEN DISPLAYS 22 HERE S A GREAT ONE LINER FOR DISPLAYING CHARACTERS RAPIDLY TO THE SCREEN BY PATRICK BOYLE A CLEBRRE2 B STFEIHG eP2e 325 I VARPTRECAS IZPEEEKC H 1 22 S6XPEER J e3 F RKZITOITEl RE D POKER 21 HERT POKEL6S26 1512 POKEl8S87 1105 POKEIT18 2552 0586005 E21 NEST DATE Hr 17517680 D Pane 2 04 EDF Fr br Dr 33 43 12845 1815 201 TRSSBIT VOL 92 NO 21 MARCH 2998 PAGE 2 IF YOU ARE CONNECTING A COMPUTER TO ANOTHER VIA THEIR RS 232 SERIAL PORTS YOU NEED A DEVICE CALL NULL MODEM THIS IS JUST A CABLE WITH APPROPRIATE CONNECTORS WIRED IN SUCH A WAY THAT EACH COMPUTER APPEARS AS A MODEM TO THE OTHER WITH A COUPLE OF DB 25 CONNECTORS AND A FEW PIECES OF WIRE TWO SCREWS AND A FEW NUTS YOU CAN EASILY BUILD A NULL MODEM FOR A FEW POUNDS IN ABOUT 20 MINUTES ALL YOU DO IS PLACE THE CONNECTORS BACK TO BACK LINK THE PINS BETWEEN THE CONNECTORS ACCORDING TO THE TABLE BELOW AND PIN lt 1 2 4 4 5 DSR GND 7 7 8 8 29 28 THEN YOU FIX THE TWO CONNECTORS TOGETHER USING THE SCREWS AND NUTS AS SHOWN BELOW IF YOU WANT R
59. YSTEM HAVING UPPER CASE ONLY NEVERTHELESS HERE IS A WAY FOR IT TO BE DONE THIS PROGRAM IS RATHER SIMPLE AND THUS IT WILL NOT RECOGNIZE THAT SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN QUOTES ARE NOT SUPPOSED TO BE CONVERTED SDEFINE LEFTCURLY OX7B SDEFINE RIGHTCURLY X7D SDEFINE LEFTBRACK X5B SDEFINE RIGHTBRACK X5D SDEFINE CIRCUM OXT7E DEFINE UPARROW 5 SDEFINE VERTIBAR OX7C DEFINE BACKSLASH QOX5C DEFINE UNDERSCORE XSF CHAR 1341 1341 gt INT ARGC CHAR ARGV 1 BEGIN INT FD1 FD23 CHAR C3 IF ARGC 3 BEGIN PRINTF USAGE CONVERT OLD NEW lt CR gt NN 3 9 END TRS BIT VOL 9 2 NO 1 MARCH 2998 PAGE 7 FOPENCARGVL 11 3 IF FDI 1 BEGIN PRINTF NO SOURCE FILE NN 3 9 END 2 FCREATCARGVE215OBUF IF 1 BEGIN PRINTF CAN T OPEN OUTPUT FILE NN 3 9 END WHILE C GETCCIBUFOO X1A amp amp C 255 BEGIN SWITCH C BEGIN CASE LEFTCURLY PUTST BEGIN 9 BREAK CASE RIGHTCURLY PUTST END 2 BREAK CASE LEFTBRACK PUTSPECC L BREAK CASE RIGHTBRACK PUTSPEC C R 25 7 BREAK CASE CIRCUM PUTSPEC C 2 BREAK CASE UPARROW PUTSPEC C U 2 BREAKS CASE VERTIBAR PUTSPEC C V 2j BREAK CASE BACKSLASH PUTSPEC C B j BREAK CASE UNDERSCORE PUTSPEC C U BREAK DEFAULT OBUF 2 END END IF 255 X1A DIGIT
60. do 12H DATA 56 254 1235485 30 2385 180 19 160 0415 Al G TRSSBIT VOL 92 NO 24 CHRISTMAS 2998 PAGE 5 330 340 350 360 zxT ISSUE OUT NEXT CH 9009 EARLY MAR CONTRIBUTIONS ALL CONTRIBI WELCOMED KUU ET I KNOW YOU NEED TO SQUINT HERE S THIS YEARS A BIT AT IT BUT HEY GIVE XMAS PRINT THE ORIGINAL ME A BREAK IT IS CAN BE VIEWED ON PAGE 3 CHRISTMAS AFTER ALL CLEARS599 M z MERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRYXMASMERRY XMASMERRYXM GOSUB 233 READ S IF 5 2 GOSUB 150 READ L T zMIDS MS 5S5L X sPEEKCVARPTRCPS O 10 PEEKCVARPTRCPS 2 2 256 REM THE LINE BELOW IS FOR 16K MACHINES IF gt 32767 65536 FOR Y 1TOL POKE X S Y ASCCOMIDSCT 5Y512 NEXT Y GOTO 49 LPRINT P GOSUB299 READ S IF S 99 THEN END RETURN P zSTRING C63532 RETURN DATA16515051651505155298518651505155295185295051351515525185150 DATA 1356505129565055529450555151352951865352985150 DATA 551512853518545985150545151295351853599515435550 DATA 3515185451852953051543565052951511510531515429598650 DATA 151511512853285154295950 DATA 15159515195352935153295 1536545435150 DATA 151585298529051529351532951535565435550 DATA 151575151751524515329515345654295 150 1515 7515175852945153295153451450 DATA 15157515115285155452905952955153295153451550 DATA 1515 75151158515555291515255153951532951750 DATA 151575151152851458529551528652150 DATA 1515 751595151151235255152985105395 1050 8451353951
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63. uts pue jeuro se1iojsei jeeqsxioM y SIQQ O 1009 seje duroo Key 10 YALNA uogrsod pejqbi ubrq eu seserig 4 q 9 SINVYNWOO IST eremo gout js uy enpa HHI IF ASTHA ASTA SHN ANUL 1089 8174 sr ANUL AVNSIO SS TVA emo AHOHHIST 1817 m SI H ZA INUL A 2 1 10 ISTH esie gn 919 Uf 9 T ANUL INYO SNOILONN TYOIDOT 181 enea peotboT 101410 659061 e dsrp en eA t Duroue1ejoz suorsseidxe seyeyw YNO ISTV4 Ongea eorboT 157 40 v derp n oA eq Duyouezojor suorsseidxe sexey uou o SNOILONNd UY soue eq Mojeq 10 O1 6 oj A ejerpeurur MOI 10 uum oo eq wor Durpuodser1oo sumje pue afun ut s npea a6u01 A 4030012 peurnje St YN sU sjueure e jo 1 qumu y uer 1 st AJ 18174 jo jueue o eq 3500 20 SNOILONNd HOUY3S PAGE 11 NO Q4 CHRISTMAS 2998 VOL 2 TRS BIT 717 5 SI N3303S INA SMOONIM OML 3 84 1YNUOJ WINGS 1YWu04 6319 1431 JNN 1831N02 gt S31VNI08005 5 401 03 1934802 8 N NOLLYOIONI 1YWUOJ INXA
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