Home

0656 (Service Manual) - East Penn Manufacturing

1. a Replace battery with one having higher capacity b Purchase extra batteries with higher capacity if possible and change them more frequently Troubleshoot vehicle and repair SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont Table 4 2 Cont Symptoms POSSIBLE CAUSE POSSIBLE REMEDY Low electrolyte Unequal cell voltages Cracked or broken Jar s Look for electrolyte puddles on floor Cell missed when watered Defective or weak cell s Frequent overcharge Battery not regularly watered Grounds in battery There is a tap off the battery for auxiliary equipment radio light etc Battery sluggish due to lack of work Leaking cell or cover Defective or weak cell s Battery worn out and beyond economical repair Acid loss in few cells by tipping battery over 1 Replace jar s and adjust gravity More careful attention when watering Repair or replace cell s See items 1 and 2 in Battery Overheats During Charge Water battery regularly Clean battery a Use dropping resistor instead of tap b Equalize battery regularly Give battery a deep discharge and equalizing charge Replace jar or cover and adjust gravity Repair or replace defective cell s Replace the battery Adjust specific gravity SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont BASIC RULES FOR BATTERY CARE AND MAINTENANCE
2. ment Fig VI 5 If care is taken in cutting the cover to jar seal these components can be used again when reassembling the cell Otherwise both a new cover and jar may be needed to complete the reassembly SECTION VI BATTERY REPAIR cont Fig VI 6 When removing an element lift it halfway out of the jar and hold it at this position until most of the electrolyte has drained off Fig VI 6 Then raise the element to clear the top of the jar Do not unless absolutely necessary expose an element to air longer than five minutes Oxygen in the air combines with the active material in the negative plates causing them to oxidize and heat If the exposure persists negatives will discharge While the element is out of the jar check the sediment chamber in the bottom of the jar If it is full of sediment material the cell will probably have to be replaced if not now in the near future Plate and separator edges may be inspected while the element is suspended above the jar A more thorough inspection of sep arators plate insulation grids and active materials may be indicated If so lay the element on its side on a clean non metallic surface The plates should be at right angles to the table surface so the element can be fanned slightly to permit the removal of separators if required Fig VI 7 Fig VI 7 When reinstalling separators make certain that the flat side of the separator is against the negative plate and
3. Heat sealed with lead insert bushing prevents leakage and voltage to ground SEPARATOR GUARD White color increases visibility for fast electrolyte check Solid insulating guard extends beneath the straps to POST prevent shorting between the Special alloy for increased plates and straps strength and conductivity O RING SEAL Accomodates positive plate growth without cover distortion and leakage NEGATIVE PLATE POST PLATE STRAP Engineered to complement Extra heavy to ensure a permanent Le plate performance connection between posts and plates 2 VERTICAL MAT POSITIVE GRID Laminated construction com A non porous lead alloy casting eur prised of uniformly spaced designed for maximum current ED fine glass tape that imbeds carrying capacity capable of many 11 A into the active material years of dependable service a Also features an inter woven Lead alloy is manufactured on site E glass fiber mat wrapped and undergoes rigid testing before vertically around the positive during and after casting we plate ensuring optimum active 9 material retention ACTIVE MATERIAL Manufactured on site to exacting HORIZONTAL MAT specifications and uniformly applied WEE Made of glass fibers with an under rigid laboratory control to insoluble binder Breaks up ensure maximum efficiency gas bubbles and increases throughout long battery life AER positive plate insulatio
4. not solid inorganic lead AQUATIC TOXICITY Test Results amp Comments Sulfuric acid 24 hour LC fresh water fish Brachydanio rerio 82 mg l 96 hour LOEC fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio 22 mg l lowest observable effect concentration Lead metal No data available Additional Information No known effects on stratospheric ozone depletion Volatile organic compounds 0 by Volume Water Endangering Class WGK NA MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD Follow local State Provincial and Federal National regulations applicable to as used end of life characteristics to be determined by end user HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASS CODE US Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce CN Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce EWC Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce Additional Information Not Included Recycle or dispose as allowed by local jurisdiction for the end of life characteristics as disposed SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION GROUND US DOT CAN TDG EU ADR APEC ADR Proper Shipping Name Batteries Wet Filled with Acid Hazard Class 8 ID Number UN2794 Packing Group 111 Labels Corrosive AIRCRAFT ICAO IATA Proper Shipping Name
5. East Penn is also a leader in innovative recycling and has met global environmental requirements of ISO 14001 certification standards Staffed with a long term management team East Penn is an independent company committed to the future and dedicated to producing high class products and service to assure complete satisfaction above and beyond the industry standard to our partners and customers worldwide Beka FAST PENN manufacturing co inc Lyon Station PA 19536 0147 Phone 610 682 6361 Fax 610 682 4212 Order Department Hotline 610 682 3260 www dekabatteries com e e mail epmmotve eastpenn deka com E P M Form No 0656 Rev 11 12 2012 by EPM Printed in U S A All data subject to change without notice No part of this document may be copied or reproduced electronically or mechanically without written permission from the company
6. REMOVE THE BATTERY FROM THE LIFT TRUCK ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY GLASSES AND A FACE SHIELD WHEN WORKING ON OR NEAR BATTERIES Gas Purging Before beginning cell jar replacement remove the vent caps from the damaged cell and all surrounding cells and give trapped gas time to dissipate Flush any remaining explosive gases out of the cell by fanning the vent well opening with a stiff piece of plastic or cardboard Do not use compressed air as the force of the air stream may splash electrolyte out of the cell and into the face or eyes Fig VI 1 Fig 1 After all the gas has been removed cover the vent holes or the SVLRA valve vent with a damp cloth and continue with the repairs Removing Connectors To remove a complete cell jar element and cover from a bat tery or to remove an element from a jar you first have to take off the intercell connector shrouds from the cell s being removed Then remove the intercell connectors connecting those cells to the rest of the battery with a drill Use a special East Penn post saver drill which will drill through the connector but leave the center of the post in place Fig VI 2 Fig VI 2 Be careful that lead curls from the drilling don t cause short cir cuits or drop into neighboring cells After drilling is completed lift connector off with a pair of pliers Removing a Cell The vast majority of batteries being manufactured today incor porate a heat bonded cover to jar sea
7. REMOVING CORlectots isasceiseue tnter rey o sre sone 27 em c 27 Removing an Element nimmt 28 Reassembling the 29 Using Sealing Compound 30 Attaching Intercell Connectors 30 Replacing Acid and Charging 30 SECTION VII MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEETS 31 44 GLOSSARY OF BATTERY TERMINOLOGY 45 49 gt Storage batteries do not store electrical energy but convert electri cal energy into chemical energy which is slowly accumulated as the charge progresses A battery in use is said to be on discharge During discharge the chemical energy stored in the battery is con verted into usable electrical energy A lead acid motive power battery supplies direct current DC power to electric lift trucks tractors and pallet trucks This type of battery consists of a metal tray containing cells connected in series These batteries come in a wide variety of shapes sizes voltages and ampere hour capacities Each cell in a motive power battery contains positive and negative plates All of the positive plates are joined in parallel to the positive post and strap to form a positive group The negative plates also are joined in parallel to the negative post and strap to form a negative
8. and final voltage Ampere Hour Efficiency The electrochemi cal efficiency expressed as the ratio of the ampere hours output to the ampere hours input required for the recharge Ampere Hour Meter An instrument that reg isters the quantity of electricity in ampere hours Assembly 1 The process of combining the various parts of cells and batteries into the finished product 2 Any particular arrange ment of cells connectors and terminals to form a battery suited for a desired applica tion Battery Storage A storage battery is a con nected group of two or more storage cells common usage permits this term to be applied to a single cell used independently Batteries are sometimes referred to as Accumulators since electric energy is accu mulated by chemical reaction Bayonet Vent A term originally applied to a design of quarter turn vent plug the lower portion of which resembles a bayonet both in appearance and locking arrangement Boost Cells Cells with higher capacity than the tests cells which are used to help main tain constant discharge current in a manual discharge test Boost Charge A partial charge given to a storage battery usually at a high rate for a short period It is employed in motive power service when the capacity of a battery is not sufficient for a full day s work Boot Plastic piece used at foot of plate especially a wrapped plate for retention and insulation Bridge The ribs or elements
9. gravity are assumed to indicate the condition of the entire battery Plate A pasted grid either formed or unformed Plate Centers The distance between center lines of adjoining plates of opposite polarity in a cell The plate center is therefore one half of the size of a strap center upon which the plates of a like polarity are burned Polarity An electrical condition determining the direction in which current tends to flow By common usage the discharge current is said to flow from the positive electrode through the external circuit Polarization The change in voltage at the terminals of the cell or battery when a speci fied current is flowing and is equal to the difference between the actual and the equi librium constant open circuit condition potentials of the plates exclusive of the IR drop Porosity The ratio of interstices voids in a material to the volume of its mass Positive Plates Consists of the grid and the active material from which current flows to the external circuit when the battery is dis charging Positive Terminal The terminal from which current flows as ordinarily conceived through the external circuit to the negative terminal when the cell discharges Post Terminal or other conductor which con nects the plate group strap to the outside of the cell Post Builder A ring shaped mold used to repair damaged battery posts Potential See VOLTAGE Primary Cell See CELL PRIMARY Pur
10. group These groups are separated and insulated from one another and they are immersed in a solution of sulfuric acid and water called electrolyte These groups of plates separators posts and straps are called an element and it is contained in an acid proof plastic jar The cutaway illustration Fig A 1 shows the construction of an East Penn battery cell Each positive plate consists of a lead alloy grid structure which is filled with a paste of active material made from lead oxide The active material is forced into the positive grid structure during manufacturing and is held firmly to the grid by a sys tem of vertical and horizontal glass fiber mats which reinforce and insulate the positive plate A retainer and bottom shield encase each positive plate and mat assembly to help prevent short circuits The negative plate also consists of a lead alloy grid structure that is filled with active material But because negative plates undergo much less active material shedding no reinforcing glass fiber mats are needed Separators provide insulation between the positive and negative plates The positive and negative plates are connected to their respective posts by positive and negative straps A more detailed description of battery construction appears in Section Manufactured using the world s most modern computer integrated manufacturing techniques VENT CAP Quarter turn bayonet style simplifies watering and inspection COVER
11. lems if the open circuit voltage is more than 0 03 volts below the average voltage of all the cells Battery Inspection Batteries should be inspected periodically to avoid damage resulting from previously undetected problems or improper maintenance and operational procedures SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont Fig IV 3 Always record basic data gathered during routine inspections The first step is to visually inspect the battery Look for Corrosion on the tray terminals or intercell connectors Leaks or damage to the tray Damaged cable leads terminals or connections Damaged clogged or missing vent caps Repair or replace any damaged parts see Section V Battery Repair and thoroughly clean the battery Battery cleaning is covered in detail later in this section In case of serious dam age or for major repairs contact your nearest authorized East Penn representative Before taking any specific gravity or voltmeter readings the bat tery should be fully charged but then placed on charge again and allowed to charge for a minimum of 15 minutes Take spe cific gravity and voltage readings for each cell and record the readings on your battery inspection form Use the battery s pos itive terminal cell as cell 1 and follow the intercell connectors to the last cell the battery s negative terminal cell Look for any unusual readings that might indicate a problem cell Adding Wat
12. make up the element then determine total cell or battery capaci ty Due to the variety of job requirements batteries are produced with many different sizes of cells Kilowatt Hours KWH Battery capacity is also expressed in kilowatt hours KWH which is the product of ampere x time x average volts per cell during discharge Example 100 amps x 6 hours x 1 930 aver age volts per cell 1 158 watt hours 1000 1 158 KWH For an 18 cell battery the capacity would be 1 158 x 18 20 84 KWH Increasing or decreasing the size of the cells or the num ber of cells in the battery can vary the kilowatt hour rating Positive Plate Capacity Positive plate capacity is the ampere delivery for a fixed period of time usually six hours for a particular size positive plate A Deka D100 type positive plate has the capability of delivering 16 66 amperes for six hours or 100 ampere hours 16 66 x 6 100 AH to a final voltage of 1 70 Increasing or decreasing the number of positive plates in the cell can vary this ampere hour rating or capacity In the previous examples the battery is an 18 cell D100 13 plate unit To determine the number of positive plates in each cell subtract one from the total number of plates in the cell and divide by two Example 13 1 12 2 6 posi tive plates per cell 6 positive plates x 100 ampere hours each 600 AH The use of a different type of positive plate such as a D75 or D125 will respectively decrease o
13. 1 Procedure for Adjusting the Specific Gravity of the Electrolyte of a Battery Conduct a capacity test If the battery delivers over 90 of its rated six hour capacity the battery may be returned to service If the capacity on discharge remains low the battery should be replaced IMPORTANT Only experienced battery technicians should perform the above technique Table 4 1 SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont PROCEDURE FOR ADJUSTING THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE ELECTROLYTE OF A BATTERY When it is necessary to raise or lower the specific gravity of the electrolyte of a battery to the manufacturer s rec ommended specific gravity follow the procedure given below The recommended specific gravity for some of the Deka industrial battery styles is shown in Table 1 For example a 12 D85 13 battery would have a recommended specific gravity of 1 290 TABLE Recommended Battery Style Specific Gravity or Type at 77 F D prefix 1 290 H prefix 1 300 M prefix 1 250 P prefix 1 325 DL DLU 1 250 This specific gravity is always determined when the bat tery is fully charged with the electrolyte level at the bottom of the vent well tube while the battery is on charge at the finish rate or less The term finish rate refers to a constant charging rate in amps which is equal to 5 05 of the rated six hour capacity 8 hour for diesels of the battery For example the finish rate of a D
14. East Penn Manufacturing Company Inc DIVISION Deka Road ADDRESS Lyon Station PA 19536 USA EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS US CHEMTREC 1 800 424 9300 CN CHEMTREC 1 800 424 9300 Outside US 1 202 483 7616 NON EMERGENCY HEALTH SAFETY INFORMATION 1 610 682 6361 CHEMICAL FAMILY This product is a wet lead acid storage battery May also include gel absorbed electrolye type lead acid battery types PRODUCT USE Industrial Commercial electrical storage batteries This product is considered a Hazardous Substance Preparation or Article that is regulated under US OSHA CAN WHMIS IOSH ISO UK CHIP or EU Directives 67 548 EEC Dangerous Substance Labeling 98 24 EC Chemical Agents at Work 99 45 EC Preparation Labeling 2001 58 EC MSDS Content and 1907 2006 EC REACH and an MSDS SDS is required for this product considering that when used as recommended or intended or under ordinary conditions it may present a health and safety exposure or other hazard Additional Information This product may not be compatible with all environments such as those containing liquid solvents or extreme temperature or pressure Please request information if considering use under extreme conditions or use beyond current product labeling SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS Classification Acute Toxicity Not listed NL Aquatic Toxixity NL NFPA Flammable gas hydrogen Eye Corrosion Corrosive during charging Skin Corrosion
15. Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity An updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 42 Supplement 7 Lyon France Ontario Ministry of Labour Regulation 654 86 Regulations Respecting Exposure to Chemical or Biological Agents RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances National institute for Occupational Safety and Health MSDS SDS PREPARATION INFORMATION DATE OF ISSUE 6 August 2007 SUPERCEDES 29 January 2007 37 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade DISCLAIMER This Material Safety Data Sheet is based upon information and sources available at the time of preparation or revision date Information in the MSDS was obtained from sources which we believe are reliable but are beyond our direct supervision or control We make no Warranty of Merchantability Fitness for any particular purpose or any other Warranty Expressed or Implied with respect to such information and we assume no liability resulting from its use For this and other reasons we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss damage or expense arising out of or in any way connected with the handling storage use or disposal of the product It is the obligation of each user of this product to determine the suitability of this product and comply with the requirements of all applicable laws regarding use and disposal of thi
16. REGULATIONS TSCA Section 8b Inventory Status All chemicals comprising this product are either exempt or listed on the TSCA Inventory TSCA Section 12b Export Notification If the finished product contains chemicals subject to TSCA Section 12b export notification they are listed below Chemical CAS None NA CERCLA COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT Chemicals present in the product which could require reporting under the statute Chemical CAS Lead 7439 92 1 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 SARA TITLE Ill SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT The finished product contains chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of SARA Title Chemical CAS wt Lead 7439 92 1 67 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 10 CERCLA SECTION 311 312 HAZARD CATEGORIES Note that the finished product is exempt from these regulations but lead and sulfuric acid above the thresholds are reportable on Tier II reports Fire Hazard No Immediate Hazard Yes Internal acid gel is Corrosive Pressure Hazard No Delayed Hazard No Reactivity Hazard No Note Sulfuric acid is listed as an Extremely Hazardous Substance MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION continued STATE REGULATIONS US California Proposition 65 The following chemicals identified to exist in the finished product as distri
17. a Wet Charged Battery in Service Cycling Characteristics Every time a battery is discharged and then recharged it s called a cycle An average battery lasts 1 500 to 1 800 cycles or 5 to 6 years Actual battery life depends on battery type the severity of use and how the battery was maintained while in service As a battery discharges the voltage normally drops slowly at first and then more rapidly toward the end of the discharge Battery temperature on the other hand rises during discharge although the increase isn t as high as it is during charging The amount of temperature increase depends on ambient tempera ture ampere discharge rate and the amount of heat dissipation which varies according to battery type To obtain maximum service life batteries should be operated at 115 F 46 C or lower and they shouldn t be discharged to below 80 of rated capacity Frequent over discharging can drastically shorten battery life One way to prevent over discharging is to be sure that the ampere hour A H capacity rating of the battery is high enough for the battery s work load The battery will over discharge if its workload exceeds its capacity For heavy duty applications a higher capacity battery such as East Penn s MAX POWR battery may solve frequent over discharge problems To determine if a higher capacity battery is right for your needs contact your East Penn agent or representative 13 Operation of the B
18. amps per 100 A H of rated capacity As the voltage rises to 2 37 volts 77 F 25 C per cell the gassing voltage of the battery is held constant until the charge rate tapers down to 4 5 amps per SECTION 111 INSTALLATION AND USE cont Typical Recharging Characteristics DISCHARGE CHARGE ol Hs 1 340 1 320 1 300 71 280 1 260 1 240 1 220 1 200 1 180 1 160 1 140 1 120 1 100 VOLTS PER CELL SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEMPERATURE A H DISCHARGED A H RETURNED 4 2 CELL VOLTS tr E lt tr 2 4 4 SPECIFIC GRAVITY VOLTS PER CELL AMP HOURS RETURNED M 00 fo DISCHARGE SPEC GRAVITY Fig 11 3 100 A H This finish rate is held constant until the charger auto matically shuts off Charger start rates should not be more than 23 amps per 100 A H of rated capacity and the finish rates not less that 4 5 amps per 100 A H 2 55 V P C Fig 111 3 The above requirements will return a discharged battery to full recharge See your East Penn representative for details Periodic inspection and adjustment of automatic charges should be done by a qualified electrician Specific Gravity Temperature Correction Specific gravity measurements are based on a cell temperature of 77 F 25 C In order to obtain an accurate specific gravity measurement the hydrometer read
19. damage and short circuits Do not allow conductive material to touch the battery terminals A dangerous short circuit may occur and cause battery failure and fire OTHER PRECAUTIONS e g Incompatibilities Keep away from combustible materials organic chemicals reducing substances metals strong oxidizers and water SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS PERSONAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS SYSTEM DESIGN INFORMATION Charge in areas with adequate ventilation VENTILATION General dilution ventilation is acceptable RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Not required for normal conditions of use See also special firefighting procedures Section 5 EYE PROTECTION Wear protective glasses with side shields or goggles SKIN PROTECTION Wear chemical resistant gloves as a standard procedure to prevent skin contact OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OR EQUIPMENT Chemically impervious apron and face shield recommended when adding water or electrolyte to batteries Wash Hands after handling 33 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade EXPOSURE GUIDELINES amp LIMITS OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit PEL TWA Lead inorganic as Pb 0 05 mg m Sulfuric acid 1 mg ms Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic 0 01 mg m ACGIH 2007 Threshold Limit Value TLV Lead inorganic as Pb 0 05 mg m Sulfuric acid 0 2 mg m3 Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic 0 01 mg m Quebec Permissible Exposure Value PEV Le
20. each battery and could be showing signs of cell failure Contact your charger Use multiple digit system if you have several authorized Deka Service Representative different sizes or types of batteries Prefixes or suffixes 4 Remember to accurately record the number of cycles can be used to identify batteries by size voltage shift lift truck etc 2 Designate a pilot cell for each battery Record the spe cific gravity voltage and temperature of the pilot cell when the battery is first received and equalized and before and after each charge The readings taken on the pilot cell are considered to represent the specific gravity voltage and temperature of all the cells Always 16 specific gravity temperature and voltage readings and all maintenance and repair information for every battery THE DAILY BATTERY RECORD Fig IV 1 is an exam ple of a basic record keeping form You should use a form that best fits your operation s individual needs It is also recommended that the identification number of the charger used to charge the battery be recorded SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont DAILY BATTERY RECORD Battery Number Month Total Cycles Specific Gravity Operator Repairs and Capacity Tests Date Description and Results Fig IV 1 In addition to providing records of tests repairs and individual performance for ea
21. every cell is peri odically brought to a full state of charge Full Charge Gravity The specific gravity of the electrolyte with the cells fully charged and properly leveled 46 Gang Vent Vents for usually three adjacent cells which are connected to a common man ifold Typically used on SLI s Gassing The evolution of gases from one or more of the electrodes during electrolysis Gelled Electrolyte Electrolyte which has been immobilized by addition of silica powder or other gelling agent Glass Mat Fabric made from glass fibers with a polymeric binder such as styrene acrylic furfural starch used to help to retain positive active material Gravity Refers to specific gravity Gravity Drop The number of points reduction or drop of the specific gravity of the elec trolyte upon discharge of the cell Grid A metallic framework employed in a storage cell or battery for conducting the electric current and supporting the active material Group One or more plates of a type positive or negative which are burned to a post and strap Hand Stand Manually operated casting mold into which lead or alloy is manually poured High Impact Rubber See RESIN RUBBER High Rate On charge any rate higher than the normal finishing rate H2S04 Chemical symbol for Sulfuric Acid Hydration Lead Reaction between water and lead or lead compounds Lead does not react with strong solutions of sulfuric acid but gravities lower t
22. long trouble free battery life make sure all your batteries are properly charged If you re hav ing trouble correcting any problems contact your East Penn agent or representative Do not use open flames when checking the electrolyte levels in storage batteries Keep all open flames sparks and matches away from the charging area DO NOT SMOKE around the charging area Only properly trained personnel should charge batteries Before a battery is removed from a truck or charged in a truck the truck s electrical circuit should be open the battery should be unplugged from the truck and the wheels should be chocked If removing the battery from the truck be sure to use proper lifting methods and equipment The charger should be OFF before connecting it to the battery All mechanical connections on the battery and charger should be tight Loose connections can overheat and cause arcing that could cause a gassing cell to explode or cables to become hot to the touch Covers on battery trays should be kept open while charging to promote cooling and allow gas to escape If the battery remains in the truck during charging keep the battery compartment cover and battery tray cover open Vent plugs should be kept firmly in place at all times to minimize electrolyte spray when the battery gasses The charger should be OFF before disconnecting the battery The charger connector shall not be plugged into the lift truck connector under a
23. of battery jars which indi cate minimum and maximum electrolyte level Life Number of years of satisfactory float operation or number of charge discharge cycles for motive power operation Lifting Ear An extension on the the side walls of a battery tray provided with a hole or slot by means of which the battery can be lifted Litharge PbO A yellowish red oxide of lead monoxide sometimes used in making active material Local Action Local action in a battery is the loss of otherwise usable chemical energy by currents which flow within the cell of a bat tery regardless of its connections to an external circuit Loss of Charge The capacity loss occurring in a cell or battery standing on open circuit as a result of local action Lug Portion of grid used for support of the plate group usually along top edge of grid as hanging lug Also tab on grid used for connection of plate to strap and other plates Machine Casting A fully or semi automatic grid or small parts casting operation Maintenance Free Battery Battery which requires no addition of water no boost charges etc This typically requires a non antimonial or low antimonial grid alloy sealed cell design or low loss venting Manual Discharge Capacity test wherein the connection and disconnection of the battery and the test load are done by the operator and the disconnection is made after all cells have reached the prescribed final voltage With fixed res
24. of the Controlled Products Regulations CPR and the MSDS contains all the information required by the Controlled Products Regulations NPRI and Ontario Regulation 127 01 This product contains the following chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Canada NPRI or Ont Reg 127 01 Chemical CAS Wt Lead 7439 92 1 65 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 25 European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances EINECS All ingredients remaining in the finished product as distributed into commerce are exempt from or included on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances European Communities EC Hazard Classification according to directives 67 548 EEC and 1999 45 EC R Phrases S Phrases 35 36 38 1 2 26 30 45 Additional Information This product may be subject to Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS regulations in Europe and China or may be regulated under additional regulations and laws not identified above such as for uses other than described or as designed as intended by the manufacturer or for distribution into specific domestic destinations SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION OTHER INFORMATION Distribution into Quebec to follow Canadian Controlled Product Regulations CPR 24 1 and 24 2 Distribution into the EU to follow applicable Directives to the Use Import Export of the product as sold SOURCES OF INFORMATION International Agency for Research on Cancer 1987 IARC Monographs on the
25. open circuit voltage shall be taken with a voltmeter Voltage measurements should be taken no earlier than 4 hours on open circuit following a charge STATE OF CHARGE VS OPEN CIRCUIT Charge Open Circuit Voltage 9 EPM recommends when lifting a battery that an insulated lifting beam be used Also make certain that the lifting hooks are the correct size and are properly aligned with the holes in the lifting ears of the tray prior to hoisting a battery SECTION V VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERIES cont MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS SEALED VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID SVRLA GELLED ELECTROLYTE BATTERIES WARNING Always wear safety glasses when working around batteries Keep sparks and flames away The valve regulated pressure relief valve should never be removed or loosened The top of the battery should be kept clean and dry at all times Simply clean the top of the battery with a damp cloth The valve regulated vent and shroud shall remain on the battery at all times The cables and connectors should be inspected monthly for exposed copper wires frayed or cracked insulation loose connections or pitted contacts and repaired as required Be especially careful to keep metallic objects off the top of the battery Any metal touching two or more connectors may cause a short circuit resulting in an arc or spark which ignite battery gasses explosively The output rate and voltage of the charger should be checked periodicall
26. plastic jar and cover or tray finish Now apply another layer of compound and flame it until its surface is smooth and the channel is well sealed 30 Fig VI 10 Attaching Intercell Connectors Use a wire brush to clean the posts and the connectors that will be reattached to the cells Have the vent caps in place during wire brushing do not allow lead particles or pieces of the wire brush to fall into the cells Clean all lead chips and wire pieces from the battery top before proceeding Install the connectors and then use a connector button mold and a torch to melt the connectors to the posts Fig VI 11 Again take the necessary precaution to remove trapped explosive gases before using an open flame on top of the battery See Gas Purging this sec Fig VI 11 tion Replacing Acid and Charging When replacing electrolyte in a repaired cell use only sulfuric acid that has the same specific gravity as the acid in the majori ty of the other cells Fill the cell to 1 4 below the vent well and then replace the vent cap Put the battery on an equalizing charge make another check of the specific gravity and elec MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 1 PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Lead Acid Battery Wet Filled With Acid OTHER PRODUCT NAMES Electric Storage Battery SLI or Industrial Battery UN2794 MANUFACTURER
27. the end of charge to prevent excessive gassing and temperature rise Fixed Resistance Discharge A discharge in which the cell or battery is discharged through a fixed resistive load The current being allowed to fall off as the terminal volt age decreases Flaming A method used to improve the sur face of a cast lead or lead alloy part or of trimmed battery sealing compound in which a flame is passed over the surface causing the material to melt and flow smoothly together Flat Plate A general term referring to pasted plates Float Charging Application of a recharge at a very low rate and accomplished by connec tion to a buss whose voltage is slightly higher than the open circuit voltage of the battery Flush To add water to a cell Flying Leads Any fixed terminal cable in which the terminal or plug end of the cable is unsupported and allowed to hang freely along the side of the battery Foot Portion s of the grid projecting from the bottom edge used for support of the plate group Formation or Forming Charge An initial charging process during which the raw paste within the plates is electrochemically convert ed into charged active material lead peroxide being formed in the positive plates and sponge lead in the negative plates Formed Plates that have undergone forma tion are known by this term Freshening Charge A charge given batteries in storage to replace the standing loss and to ensure that every plate in
28. the ribbed side is facing the positive They should be pushed up until they are flush with the bottom of the element and they should project equally on each side of the plates 29 Before installing an element in a previously used jar wash out any sediment which may have accumulated in the bottom of the jar and clean all compound from around the inside of the top edge if the battery has a compound seal Clamp the element if necessary when reinstalling it in the jar Make certain the element is entering the jar properly and that the plates are at right angles to the plate rest support ribs in the bottom When installing an element with a hard rubber com pound sealed cover attached use a putty knife to guide the lip of the cover past the top edges of the jar Reassembling the Battery If the cell being reassembled has a heat seal cover to jar design and if care was taken cutting the seal when removing the element the cover and jar can probably be heat sealed again If not a new cover and jar will be needed Be sure to reinstall the cover with the positive post s protruding through the cover post holes marked positive If the cell design incorporates floating positive post seals push them down firmly over the positive posts until they seat flush on top of the cover after sealing the cover to the jar Some designs have lead inserts or bushings already molded into both the negative and positive cover post holes In both cases t
29. to internal components may experience reproductive developmental effects POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS EYES Direct contact of internal electrolyte gel with eyes may cause severe burns or blindness SKIN Direct contact of internal electrolyte gel with the skin may cause skin irritation or damaging burns INGESTION Swallowing this product may cause severe burns to the esophagus and digestive tract and harmful or fatal lead poisoning Lead ingestion may cause nausea vomiting weight loss abdominal spasms fatigue and pain in the arms legs and joints INHALATION Respiratory tract irritation and possible long term effects ACUTE HEALTH HAZARDS Repeated or prolonged contact may cause mild skin irritation CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS Lead poisoning if persons are exposed to internal components of the batteries Lead absorption may cause nausea vomiting weight loss abdominal spasms fatigue pain in the arms legs and joints Other effects may include central nervous system damage kidney dysfunction and potential reproductive effects Chronic inhalation of sulfuric acid mist may increase the risk of lung cancer MEDICAL CONDITIONS GENERALLY AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE Respiratory and skin diseases may predispose one to acute and chronic effects of sulfuric acid and or lead Children and pregnant women must be protected from lead exposure Persons with kidney disease may be at increased risk of kidney failure Additional Information No health effects
30. use Sulfated A term used to describe any plate or cell whose active materials contain an appreciable amount of lead sulfate Sulfation The formation of lead sulfate on a plate or cell as a result of discharge self dis charge or pickling Sulfuric Acid H S0 The principal acid compound of sulfur Sulfuric acid of a high purity and in dilute form is the electrolyte of lead acid storage cells Tank Formation The electrolytic processing of plates in large tanks of acid at a point of manufacture prior to assembly See also FORMATION DUMMY FORMATION GLOSSARY cont Temperature Correction In storage cells the specific gravity and charging voltage vary inversely with temperature while the open circuit voltage varies directly though slightly with temperature Terminals The terminals of a battery are the points at which the external circuit is con nected Terminal Cable A length of insulated cable one of which is connected to the terminal post of a battery the other end being fitted with a suitable device plug receptacle lug etc for connection to an external circuit Tinning The process of coating a metal sur face with a thin layer of molten tin or tin alloy Tray Steel enclosure for motive power bat tery cells Treeing Growth of a lead dendrite or filament through a hole crack or large pore of a sep arator whereby the cell is short circuited Trickle Charge A trickle charge of a storag
31. 100 13 battery with a rated 6 hour capacity of 600 AH ampere hours would be 600 x 05 30 amps The battery should first be given an equalizing charge to make sure it is fully charged An equalizing charge is an extended charge at the finish rate after completion of a regular charge Usually 3 or 4 hours until four voltage and specific gravity readings corrected for temperature taken 1 2 hour apart remain constant Since the electrolyte temperature will affect the on charge voltage and specific gravity readings all readings must be corrected for temperature to a standard 77 F Refer to Section Ill Table 3 1 Specific Gravity Temperature Corrections 7 Care should be taken during equalizing charging and acid adjustment charging to make sure that the electrolyte temperature does not exceed 115 F As it is necessary to add acid to the cell in order to raise the specific gravity of the electrolyte sulfuric acid of 1 400 specific gravity shall be used It should be remembered that 1 400 specific gravity sulfuric acid has an acid con tent of 50 5 by weight and is potentially a very dangerous material to the person using it All standard safety precautions should be taken especially those which will protect personnel from splashes into the eyes and onto the skin Acid resistant gloves apron boots face shield and or goggles should be standard equip ment Running water from a hose and or ready access to an eye was
32. Batteries Wet Filled with Acid Hazard Class 8 ID Number UN2794 Packing Group Labels Corrosive Reference IATA packing instructions 800 VESSEL IMO IMDG Proper Shipping Name Batteries Wet Filled with Acid Hazard Class 8 ID Number UN2794 Packing Group Ill Labels Corrosive Reference IMDG packing instructions P801 Additional Information Transport requires proper packaging and paperwork including the Nature and Quantity of goods per applicable origin destination customs points as shipped SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION INVENTORY STATUS All components are listed on the TSCA EINECS ELINCS and DSL unless noted otherwise below U S FEDERAL REGULATIONS TSCA Section 8b Inventory Status All chemicals comprising this product are either exempt or listed on the TSCA Inventory TSCA Section 12b Export Notification If the finished product contains chemicals subject to TSCA Section 12b export notification they are listed below Chemical CAS None NA CERCLA COMPREHENSIVE RESPONSE COMPENSATION AND LIABILITY ACT Chemicals present in the product which could require reporting under the statute Chemical CAS Lead 7439 92 1 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 SARA TITLE Ill SUPERFUND AMENDMENTS AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT The finished product contains chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Section 313 of SARA Title III Chemical CAS wt Lead 7439 92 1 65 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 25 MATERIAL SAF
33. CIFIC GRAVITY 20 1 1 27 1 33 EVAPORATION RATE n BuAcz1 1 SOLUBILITY IN WATER FLASH POINT AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT LEL UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT UEL PARTITION COEFFICIENT VISCOSITY poise 25 C 100 as sulfuric acid Below room temperature as hydrogen gas NA 4 as hydrogen gas 74 as hydrogen gas NA Not Available 34 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE Not Available FLAMMABILITY HMIS HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS US CN EU As sulfuric acid HEALTH 3 FLAMMABILITY 0 REACTIVITY 2 SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY STABILITY This product is stable under normal conditions at ambient temperature INCOMPATIBILITY MATERIAL TO AVOID Strong bases combustible organic materials reducing agents finely divided metals strong oxidizers and water HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION BY PRODUCTS Thermal decomposition will produce sulfur dioxide sulfur trioxide carbon monoxide sulfuric acid mist and hydrogen HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION Will not occur CONDITIONS TO AVOID Overcharging sources of ignition SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ACUTE TOXICITY Test Results Basis and Comments Sulfuric acid 05 Rat 21409 mg kg LC50 Guinea pig 510 mg m Lead No data available for elemental lead SUBCHRONIC CHRONIC TOXICITY Test Results and Comments Repeated exposure t
34. Corrosive CN NL Skin Sensitization NL EU NL Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity NL Reproductive Developmental NL Target Organ Toxicity Repeated NL as sulfuric acid GHS Label Lead Acid Battery Wet Symbols C Corrosive Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements Contact with internal components may cause irritation Keep out of reach of children Keep containers tightly closed of severe burns Irritating to eyes respiratory system Avoid heat sparks and open flame while charging and skin batteries Avoid contact with internal acid EMERGENCY OVERVIEW May form explosive air gas mixture during charging Contact with internal components may cause irritation or severe burns Irritating to eyes respiratory system and skin Prolonged inhalation or ingestion may result in serious damage to health Pregnant women exposed to internal components may experience reproductive developmental effects 31 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS EYES Direct contact of internal electrolyte liquid with eyes may cause severe burns or blindness SKIN Direct contact of internal electrolyte liquid with the skin may cause skin irritation or damaging burns INGESTION Swallowing this product may cause severe burns to the esophagus and digestive tract and harmful or fatal lead poisoning Lead ingestion may cause nausea vomiting w
35. Counterbalance 9 CHARGING BATTERIES Charging Areas Proper Equipment 10 Charging Areas Proper Ventilation 10 Connecting Disconnecting Charger 10 Sparks Open Flames 10 HANDLING ACID ACIQ uoi cos eie i rev vies tae F r rio esu ieee 10 Mixing Electrolyte ete 10 First Aid for Acid Splash 10 Eye Wash and Emergency Shower Facilities 11 Neutralizing Acid and Electrolyte 11 Repairing Batteries me 12 SECTION Ill INSTALLATION AND USE 12 Receiving a Battery i eerte ee tte e 12 Temporary Storage erronee ehe enne 12 Placing a Wet Charged Battery in Service 12 Placing a Dry Charged Battery in Service 13 Cycling Characteristics 1 erect 13 INTRODUCTION Page SECTION INSTALLATION AND USE Cont Operation of the Battery 18 Specific Gravity and On Charge Cell Voltage Temperature Correction 13 BATTERY CHARGING _ 13 Basic Charging is coercere tranny Re 18 Specific Gravity Temperature Correction 14 Charg
36. ETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade CERCLA SECTION 311 312 HAZARD CATEGORIES Note that the finished product is exempt from these regulations but lead and sulfuric acid above the thresholds are reportable on Tier II reports Fire Hazard No Immediate Hazard Yes Sulfuric acid is Corrosive Pressure Hazard No Delayed Hazard No Reactivity Hazard No Note Sulfuric acid is listed as an Extremely Hazardous Substance STATE REGULATIONS US California Proposition 65 The following chemicals identified to exist in the finished product as distributed into commerce are known to the State of California to cause cancer birth defects or other reproductive harm Chemical CAS Wt Arsenic as arsenic oxides 7440 38 2 lt 0 1 Strong inorganic acid mists including sulfuric acid NA 25 Lead 7439 92 1 65 California Consumer Product Volatile Organic Compound Emissions This Product is not regulated as a Consumer Product for purposes of CARB OTC VOC Regulations as sold for the intended purpose and into the industrial Commercial supply chain INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Non US Canadian Domestic Substance List DSL All ingredients remaining in the finished product as distributed into commerce are included on the Domestic Substances List WHMIS Classifications Class E Corrosive materials present at greater than 1 This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria
37. NDUSTRIAL_ BATTERY Manua N h J E a Table of Contents Page INTRODUCTION oo te ieee e tete va 2 SECTION I THEORY OF OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION 4 Discharging Recharging Characteristics 4 Battery Ratings 4 Battery Voltage PAPA EX EE 4 Ampere Hour AE ecrire etymon 5 Kilowatt Hours KWH 5 Positive Plate Capacity 5 Specifi Gravity snae rre noto stolide dene ean 5 Specific Gravity During Recharge 5 Grid Casling eset rese Fr ester x reram naea 6 Apply Active 6 CurngcabdiDtylhgu s eo ope urn ha apane i UR RE RR 6 Plate Formation erre 6 Wrapping Positive Plates 6 Assembling An Element 7 Finishing the Cell Assembly 7 Assembling into Trays eret 8 Battery Finishing and 8 SECTION Il BATTERY SAFETY 9 Hazardous Elements 2 tienes 9 Wearing Protective Clothing 9 Lifting Battenes o erbe eR 9 Using the Battery as
38. RGING CELL Fig 1 1 Battery Ratings A single lead acid cell does not have sufficient power to handle most requirements However connecting a number of cells together in series results in a battery capable of supplying high er power demands Battery Voltage The number of cells is determined by the required nominal operating voltage of the equipment Since each cell has a nomi nal voltage of two 2 volts a 36 volt industrial truck will require an 18 cell battery 18 cells x 2 volts cell 36 volts SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION OF LEAD ACID STORAGE BATTERIES cont Danger A DANGER HIGH Lyx FLUSH EYES VOLTAGE WES G c IMMEDIATELY RISK OF SHOCK EN SHIELD TNO WITH WATER 00 NOT TOUCH EYES SULFURIC ACID GET UNINSULATED EXPLOSIVE GASES _ SPARKS CAN CAUSE N MEDICAL TERMINALS OR CAN CAUSE BLIND FLAMES BLINDNESS OR HELP CONNECTORS NESS OR INJURY SMOKING SEVERE BURNS P FAST VENTILATE WELL WHEN IN AN ENCLOSED KEEP VENT CAPS TIGHTLY IN PLACE SPACE AND WHEN CHARGING SEE INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS REPAIR SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY A QUALIFIED SERVICE TECHNICIAN CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING Batteries battery posts terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive
39. RULE 1 BE CAREFUL ALWAYS WEAR FACE SHIELD OR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN WORKING ON OR NEAR BATTERIES DANGER DANGEROUS Ende 9 IMMEDIATELY SHOCK HAZARD RISK OF SHOCK DO NOT TOUCH SULFURIC ACID UNINSULATED EXPLOSIVE canes sins CAN CAUSE NA TERMINALS OR CAN CAUSE BLIND FLAMES BLINDNESS OR 207 HELP CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING CONNECTORS NESS INJURY l eSMOKING SEVERE BURNS FAST VENTILATE WELL WHEN IN AN ENCLOSED battery posts termin als and d related accessories contain lead and lea KEEP VENTIGARS TIGHTLY IN PLADE SPACE AND WHEN CHARGING compounds and other chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and SEE INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION REPAIR SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY birth defects or other reproductive harm INSTRUCTIONS FOR IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BY A QUALIFIED SERVICE TECHNICIAN Wash hands after handling PROVIDE ADEQUATE VENTILATION WHEN CHARGING RULE 2 Keep battery tops clean and dry RULE 3 Check battery electrolyte level weekly VENT CAP KEEP ELECTROLYTE LEVEL BELOW FILLING WELL AS SHOWN Add approved water to 1 4 below vent well only at the end of charge Filling to this level before charg ing will cause acid overflow Acid attacks external battery parts Any acid loss from the battery will result in power loss and shortened life Make sure cha
40. active material strengthening in a way similar to reinforcing rods in concrete A horizontal glass fiber mat is then wrapped around the plate to break up any gas bubbles and increase the plate s insulation The wrapped plate is then encased in a perforated plastic retainer envelope that firmly holds the glass wraps in contact with the plate while allowing the free flow of electrolyte to the plate A bottom plate boot is added to prevent the sediment in the sediment chamber from contacting the bottom of the positive and negative plates and shorting out the cell Assembling An Element A group of positive and a group of negative plates are stacked with separators inserted between each positive and negative Fig 7 plate to the desired cell size Both outside plates are negative therefore the number of plates per cell is always an odd num ber with each cell having one more negative then positive plate The separators used to insulate the positive plate from the neg ative plate are grooved on one side and flat on the other Fig 7 The grooved side faces the positive plate The flat side faces the negative plate because the sponge lead of the nega tive plate would expand if it faced into the grooved side In some cases positive plates can be inserted into separator sleeves which are two separators joined at the sides When assembling the stack of plates and separators into an element a post plate strap is welded onto the po
41. acturers add a compound pour between cells and the tray edge in addition to the heat bonded cover to jar feature If the battery being repaired has the com pound pour proceed as explained in this section for the compound cover to jar seal design If the heat bonded cell is in a battery without the additional compound pour simply proceed to remove the cell as instructed in this section without having to remove the compound seal Removing an Element If the jar is known to be serviceable it may not be necessary to remove the complete cell Usually only the element complete with cover has to be pulled This can only be done however on those batteries containing a compound type cover to jar seal On these after removing intercell connectors draw a warm putty knife through the sealing compound close to the inside jar wall Use the post lifters and hoist to raise the element with cover in place first to drain position and then up and out of the jar When pulling an element from a cell which has been removed from a battery use jar hold down clamps The most common type of cover to jar seal is a heat bonded or seal design The bottom perimeter surface of the cover and top perimeter surface of the jar are simultaneously melted then fused together by a heat sealing machine With this design if an internal cell defect occurs the complete cell must be pulled and cover to jar seal cut or sawed to permit removal of the ele Fig VI 5
42. ad inorganic as Pb 0 15 mg m Sulfuric acid 1 mg m3 TWA 3 mg m STEV Antimony 0 5 mg m3 Arsenic 0 1 mg m8 Ontario Occupational Exposure Level OEL Lead designated substance 0 10 mg m Sulfuric acid 1 mg m TWAEV 3 mg m STEV Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic designated substance 0 01 mg m Netherlands Maximaal Aanvaarde Concentratie MAC Lead inorganic as Pb 0 15 mg m Sulfuric acid 1 mg m8 Germany Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen MAK Lead inorganic as Pb 0 1 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 1 mg m TWA 2 mg m STEL Antimony 0 5 mg m3 United Occupational Exposure Standard OES Lead 0 15 mg m Kingdom Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic 0 1 mg m8 TWA 8 Hour Time Weighted Average STE Short Term Exposure mg m milligrams per cubic meter of air NE Not Established Additional Information e Batteries are housed in polypropylene cases which are regulated as total dust or respirable dust only when they are ground up during recycling The OSHA PEL for dust is 15 mg m as total dust or 5 mg m as respirable dust May be required to meet Domestic Requirements for a Specific Destination s SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES APPEARANCE Industrial commercial lead acid battery ODOR Odorless ODOR THRESHOLD NA PHYSICAL STATE Sulfuric Acid Liquid Lead solid pH 1 BOILING POINT 235 240 F as sulfuric acid MELTING POINT NA FREEZING POINT NA VAPOR PRESSURE 10 mmHg VAPOR DENSITY AIR 1 gt 1 SPE
43. al attention SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES SUITABLE UNSUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Dry chemical carbon dioxide water foam Do not use water on live electrical circuits SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES amp PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Use appropriate media for surrounding fire Do not use carbon dioxide directly on cells Avoid breathing vapors Use full protective equipment bunker gear and self contained breathing apparatus UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS Batteries evolve flammable hydrogen gas during charging and may increase fire risk in poorly ventilated areas near sparks excessive heat or open flames SPECIFIC HAZARDS IN CASE OF FIRE Thermal shock may cause battery case to crack open Containers may explode when heated Additional Information Firefighting water runoff and dilution water may be toxic and corrosive and may cause adverse environmental impacts SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS Avoid Contact with Skin Neutralize any spilled electrolyte with neutralizing agents such as soda ash sodium bicarbonate or very dilute sodium hydroxide solutions ENVIRONMENTAL PRECATIONS Prevent spilled material from entering sewers and waterways SPILL CONTAINMENT amp CLEANUP METHODS MATERIALS Add neutralizer absorbent to spill area Sweep or shovel spilled material and absorbent and place in approved container Dispose of any non recyclable materials in accordance with local state prov
44. and permitted to discharge in an air atmosphere with the evolution of heat Plates so treated must be recharged before they are capable of producing any useful electrical energy Alloy A combination of two or more metals as a mixture solution or compound See ANTIMONIAL LEAD ALLOY CALCIUM LEAD ALLOY Ambient Temperature The temperature of the surrounding cooling medium such as gas or liquid which comes into contact with the heated parts of the apparatus usually refers to room or air temp Alternating Current An electric pulsating current in which the direction of flow is rapidly changed so that a terminal becomes in rapid succession positive then negative Ammeter An ammeter is an instrument for measuring electrical current See also AMPERE HOUR METER Ampacity Current carrying capacity in amperes Ampere The practical unit of electric current that is equivalent to the steady state current produced by one volt applied across a resis tance of one ohm It is one tenth of an abampere Ampere Hour A measure of the volume of electricity being one ampere for one hour or 3600 coulombs It is used to express battery capacity and is registered by an ampere hour meter or is obtained by multiplying the current in amperes by the length of time that the current is maintained Ampere Hour Capacity The number of ampere hours which can be delivered under specified conditions as to temperature rate of discharge
45. are expected related to normal use of this product as sold 39 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 3 COMPOSITION INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS INGREDIENTS Chemical Common Names CAS No by Wt EC No Lead inorganic 7439 92 1 60 75 average 67 231 100 4 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 5 15 average 10 231 639 5 Antimony 7440 36 0 0 0 1 average lt 0 1 231 146 5 Arsenic 7440 38 2 lt 0 1 231 148 6 Tin 7440 31 5 0 0 1 average lt 0 1 231 141 8 Polypropylene 9003 07 0 2 10 average 4 NA NA Not applicable ND Not determine Additional Information These ingredients reflect components of the finished product related to performance of the product as distributed into commerce SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES EYE CONTACT Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes Seek immediate medical attention if eyes have been exposed directly to acid gel SKIN CONTACT Flush affected area s with large amounts of water using deluge emergency shower if available shower for at least 15 minutes Remove contaminated clothing If symptoms persist seek medical attention INGESTION If swallowed give large amounts of water Do NOT induce vomiting or aspiration into the lungs may occur and can cause permanent injury or death INHALATION If breathing difficulties develop remove person to fresh air If symptoms persist seek medic
46. attery There are several factors that effect the operation of the battery concerning its ability to deliver capacity and life expectancy Many chemical reactions are effected by temperature and this is true of the reaction that occurs in a storage battery The chemical reaction of a lead acid battery is slowed down by a lowering of the electrolyte temperature that results in less capacity A battery that will deliver 10096 of rated capacity at 77 F will only deliver 65 of rated capacity at 32 F See Table 3 1 for specific gravity and on charge cell voltage temperature cor rection Specific Gravity and On Charge Cell Voltage Temperature Correction EXCESSIVE HEAT will contribute greatly to reducing battery life by corroding the positive grids and excessive gassing which loosens active material in the plates especially the positive plate Over charging is the most common contributing factor to excessive temperatures and gassing in a battery A properly rated and matched charger will help to avoid the problem of overcharging CONSISTENT UNDERCHARGING of a battery will gradually run down the cells and result in one or more cells becoming completely discharged before the others and may become reversed Capacity and life expectancy are greatly reduced by undercharging Equalizing charges to return the cells to a nor mal condition should be part of a weekly maintenance schedule OVERDISCHARGING can also cause permanent damage to the batte
47. attery needs an equalizing charge is to check the specific gravity readings for each cell If there is more than 0 020 specific gravity unit variation between any two cells the battery should be equalized A good rule of thumb is to equalize the battery once each week See table 3 2 Specific Gravity vs Percent Discharge 14 Specific Gravity Temperature Corrections Electrolyte Specific On Charge Temperature Gravity Cell Voltage Fahrenheit Celsius Correction Correction 130 54 022 18 127 53 020 17 124 51 019 16 121 49 018 15 118 48 017 14 115 46 016 13 112 44 014 12 109 43 013 11 106 41 012 10 103 39 011 09 100 38 009 08 97 36 008 07 94 34 007 06 91 33 006 05 88 31 004 04 85 29 003 03 82 28 002 02 79 26 001 01 76 24 73 23 002 01 70 21 003 02 67 19 004 03 64 18 005 04 61 16 006 05 58 14 008 06 55 13 009 07 52 11 010 08 Table 3 1 The Charging Process During the charging process the sulfate in the battery plates which accumulated during discharge is driven back into the electrolyte This increases the specific gravity and brings the on charge voltages up to 2 50 2 70 volts per cell depending on the age of the battery See Discharging Charging Characteristics in Section 1 As the battery approaches full charge the charging rate must be reduced to the battery s f
48. ause residual sulfation to remain on plates reducing cell performance Sulfation also slowly occurs when batteries are stored for months without receiving periodic fresh ening charges The cells of a sulfated battery give low specific gravity and voltage readings It s difficult to bring a heavily sul fated battery back to full charge and doing so will develop high temperatures See Correction of Sulfated Cells Section IV Undercharging also results in insufficient gassing which creates a high acid content at the bottom of the cell eventually leading to sulfation on the bottom part of the negative plates This condi tion can be corrected by periodic equalizing charges Although all batteries are overcharged to an extent during every charge cycle severe overcharging results in excessive gassing and very high battery temperatures both of which are damag ing to the battery Battery temperatures should not exceed 115 F 25 C during charging Excessive gassing occurs when a high charging rate is contin ued after the battery has been brought to its gassing voltage 2 37 volts per cell nominal A noticeable bubbling of electrolyte can be seen accompanied by high electrolyte temperature Because the gas is released from the electrolysis of water excessive gassing results in unusually high water usage See the Troubleshooting Chart at the end of Section IV for additional causes and remedies For reduced maintenance and
49. before the eyes are flushed A buffering or neutralizing agent shouldn t be used in the eyes with out the approval of medical or safety personnel Skin Wash affected area under running water and apply a chemical burn treatment Severe burns require immediate medical attention Clothing If large areas of clothing have been splashed or soaked the clothing must be removed and the acid must be neu tralized with a non corrosive water based neutralizing chemical that is user safe and environmentally compliant and then rinsed under running water If the clothing is rinsed quickly enough the chances of damage to the material are lessened Acid resistant boots should always be checked before wearing to be sure that there are no acid puddles inside SECTION BATTERY SAFETY cont Eye Wash and Emergency Shower Facilities 2 A deluge shower Fig Il 3 should be used where high spe cific gravity acid above 1 400 is handled The shower uses Emergency eye wash and acid neutralization facilities should a handle or foot treadle to turn on a powerful water stream be located in the immediate work area for easy access The that can wash acid from skin and clothes three most popular types of eye wash and acid neutralizing equipment are the chemical burn station deluge shower and eye wash fountain EMERGENCY EYE WASH STATION Fig 1 4 3 An eye wash fountain Fig 11 4 should be used wherever Fig Il 2 batteries and or acid
50. buted into commerce are known to the State of California to cause cancer birth defects or other reproductive harm Chemical CAS Wt Arsenic as arsenic oxides 7440 38 2 lt 0 1 Strong inorganic acid mists including sulfuric acid NA 10 Lead 7439 92 1 67 California Consumer Product Volatile Organic Compound Emissions This Product is not regulated as a Consumer Product for purposes of CARB OTC VOC Regulations as sold for the intended purpose and into the industrial Commercial supply chain INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS Non US Canadian Domestic Substance List DSL All ingredients remaining in the finished product as distributed into commerce are included on the Domestic Substances List WHMIS Classifications Class E Corrosive materials present at greater than 1 This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations CPR and the MSDS contains all the information required by the Controlled Products Regulations NPRI and Ontario Regulation 127 01 This product contains the following chemicals subject to the reporting requirements of Canada NPRI or Ont Reg 127 01 Chemical CAS Wt Lead 7439 92 1 67 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 10 European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances EINECS All ingredients remaining in the finished product as distributed into commerce are exempt from or included on the European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substanc
51. by end user HAZARDOUS WASTE CLASS CODE US Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce CN Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce EWC Not applicable to finished product as manufactured for distribution into commerce Additional Information Not Included Recycle or dispose as allowed by local jurisdiction for the end of life characteristics as disposed SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION GROUND US DOT CAN TDG EU ADR APEC ADR Proper Shipping Name Not regulated as a Hazardous Material AIRCRAFT ICAO IATA Proper Shipping Name Not regulated as a Hazardous Material VESSEL IMO IMDG Proper Shipping Name Not regulated as a Hazardous Material Additional Information Each battery and the outer packaging must be plainly and durably marked Nonspillable or Nonspillable Battery Nonspillable battery complies with the provisions listed in 49 CFR 173 159 d therefore must not be marked with an identification number or hazardous label and is not subject to hazardous shipping paper requirements Transport requires proper packaging and paperwork including the Nature and Quantity of goods per applicable origin destination customers points as shipped SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION INVENTORY STATUS All components are listed on the TSCA EINECS ELINCS and DSL unless noted otherwise below U S FEDERAL
52. ch battery accurate record keeping can also reveal other helpful information Specific gravity records taken at the beginning and end of each cycle can pinpoint any irregularities in the battery s condition or in its operation Readings taken before recharging can indicate possible over discharg ing and use in a low voltage condition which eventually can cause damage to lift truck electrical components and shorten battery life Maintenance and repair records can also point to bat tery abuse as well as help gauge individual battery performance Monthly and yearly records indicate the battery s cycle age and assist in controlling inventory and replacement programs Reading Hydrometers and Thermometers To take a specific gravity reading remove the cell s vent cap place the rubber hydrometer nozzle into the vent opening and draw enough electrolyte into the barrel to permit the float to rise freely Hold the hydrometer at eye level as shown in Fig IV 2 17 The correct hydrometer reading corresponds to an imaginary line drawn across the side of the barrel at the lowest level of the electrolyte If the hydrometer has to be removed from the vent hole pinch the nozzle tightly or place a gloved finger against the opening to prevent dripping To take the temperature reading use the thermometer that s built into the hydrometer If your hydrometer doesn t have one insert a thermometer into the electrolyte of the cell If th
53. d to the negative posts and a block and tackle or lifting beam to lower the cell into the tray Fig VI 9 Be sure the polarity is correct when you reassemble the battery cell terminals should be matched positive to negative and negative to positive with connecting cells Fig VI 9 Using Sealing Compound If the battery being reassembled uses a sealing compound poured between cells and the tray follow these instructions If the battery does not use a sealing compound please disregard these instructions The special asphaltic sealing compound needed to perform these repairs can be purchased from your authorized East Penn Agent WARNING MELTED SEALING COMPOUND IS EXTREMELY HOT TAKE PROPER SAFETY PRECAUTIONS AND WEAR EYE PROTECTION GLOVES AND LONG SLEEVED CLOTHING WHEN MELTING COMPOUND DON T PUNCTURE THE TOP FILM OF UNMELTED COMPOUND BECAUSE PRES SURE MIGHT CAUSE SOME OF THE MELTED COMPOUND BELOW IT TO SQUIRT OUT The compound should be about 350 F when poured If the compound begins to smoke while it is melted it is probably being overheated When the compound is completely melted pour it into the chan nel around the new cell or around all cells and tray perimeter if entire battery is being resealed While the compound is still fair ly warm and soft use a yellow flame to heat it so that it attaches to all cell covers and tray edges creating a complete seal Fig VI 10 Be careful not to burn the
54. date Information in the MSDS was obtained from sources which we believe are reliable but are beyond our direct supervision or control We make no Warranty of Merchantability Fitness for any particular purpose or any other Warranty Expressed or Implied with respect to such information and we assume no liability resulting from its use For this and other reasons we do not assume responsibility and expressly disclaim liability for loss damage or expense arising out of or in any way connected with the handling storage use or disposal of the product It is the obligation of each user of this product to determine the suitability of this product and comply with the requirements of all applicable laws regarding use and disposal of this product For additional information concerning East Penn Manufacturing Co Inc products or questions concerning the content of this MSDS please contact your East Penn representative END 44 GLOSSARY Acid In the lead acid storage battery industry acid implies sulfuric acid and is used to describe the electrolyte or liquid in the cell Active Materials The materials in a battery which react chemically to produce electrical energy In a lead acid battery the active materials are lead peroxide positive and sponge lead negative Activation Process for making a dry charged cell functional by introducing electrolyte Air Oxidized A charged negative plate that has been removed from the electrolyte
55. e battery is a continuous charge at a low rate approximately equal to the internal losses and suitable to maintain the battery in a fully charged condition Tubular Plate Positive battery plate made from a cast spine and porous tubes which are filled with paste or dry oxide TVR A temperature compensating voltage relay used in charging equipment Two Rate Charging An automatically con trolled constant current or modified constant potential charging procedure The charge is begun at a fairly high rate and is automatical ly reduced to a lower rate when the counter voltage rises to a predetermined level Unactivated Storage Life The period of time before a dry charged cell deteriorates to have less than a specified capacity Uncharged The condition of a battery assembled with formed plates but not yet having received its initial charge are classi fied either uncharged and moist or uncharged and dry Uncharged and Dry A condition in which a battery or cell may be shipped to a customer This indicates that the battery is assembled with formed plates and dry separators with out electrolyte Filling and a charge are required Uncharged and Moist A condition in which a battery or cell may be shipped to a customer Adopted by BCI and indicates that the bat tery is assembled with formed plates and moist or wet wood separators without electrolyte Filling and a long charge are required Unformed A term used to describe any pla
56. e Lead See PIG LEAD Rated Capacity The ampere hours of dis charge that can be removed from a fully charged secondary cell or battery at a spe cific constant discharge rate at a specified discharge temperature and at specified cut off voltage Rate of Charge See STARTING RATE FINISHING RATE Raw Plate An unformed plate Rectifier A device which converts alternating current AC into unidirectional current DC by virtue of a characteristic permitting appre ciable flow of current in only one direction Red Lead Pb30 A red oxide of lead used in making active material Resistance The opposition that a conductor offers to the passage of an electrical current usually expressed in ohms Resistor A device used to introduce resis tance into an electrical circuit Retainer A sheet of glass mat perforated or slotted rubber plastic or some other satis factory material installed on each face of the positive plates in certain types of cells to deter the loss of active material Rib A vertical or nearly vertical ridge of a grooved separator or spacer Run Down A small portion of metal that has dropped on to a plate group or element in the course of burning It may result in a short circuit Sealing Manufacturing operation for attach ing covers to jars by cement sealing compound or thermal fusion Sealing Compound An asphalt mixture of several types differing in heat resistance adhesion and resistance to s
57. e g along edges at feet or a plate lugs May cause a short cir cuit within cell Moss Shield Plastic or hard rubber perforate sheet which insulates the gaps between neg ative plates and the positive strap and between positive plates and the negative strap Motive Power Battery A cycle service bat tery designed to supply the energy necessary to propel and operate electrically powered industrial trucks street vehicles and mine locomotives Negative Plate Consists of the grid and active material to which current flows from the external circuit when the battery is dis charging Negative Terminal The terminal toward which current flows as ordinarily conceived in the external circuit from the positive termi nal OHM A unit of electrical resistance One Shot Formation Jar formation under conditions where end of formation specific gravity is equal to the operating specific gravity Open Circuit The state of a battery when it is not connected to either a charging source or to a load circuit Open Circuit Voltage The voltage at its ter minals when no appreciable current is flowing Organic Expander An expander formulation which typically contains barium sulfate and a lignin type organic compound with small amount of other materials Oxide of lead A compound of lead and oxy gen in one of several proportions such as gray oxide litharge red lead or lead perox ide used to prepare battery paste Panel Castin
58. e organic materials reducing agents finely divided metals strong oxidizers and water HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION BY PRODUCTS Thermal decomposition will produce sulfur dioxide sulfur trioxide carbon monoxide sulfuric acid mist and hydrogen HAZARDOUS POLYMERIZATION Will not occur CONDITIONS TO AVOID Overcharging sources of ignition SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION ACUTE TOXICITY Test Results Basis and Comments Sulfuric acid LDso Rat 21409 mg kg LCso Guinea pig 510 mg m8 Lead No data available for elemental lead SUBCHRONIC CHRONIC TOXICITY Test Results and Comments Repeated exposure to lead and lead compounds in the workplace may result in nervous system toxicity Some toxicologists report that abnormal conduction velocities in person with blood lead levels of 50 100 ml or higher Heavy lead exposure may result in central nervous system damage encephalopathy and damage to the blood forming hematopoietic tissues Additional Information Very little chronic toxicity data available for elemental lead Lead is listed by IARC as a 2B carcinogen possible carcinogen in humans Arsenic is listed by IARC ACGIH and NTP as a carcinogen based on studies with high doses overlong periods of time The other ingredients in this product present at equal to or greater than 0 196 of the product are not listed by OSHA NTP or IARC as suspect carcinogens The 19th Amendment to EC Directive 67 548 EEC classified lead compou
59. e ther mometer doesn t have specific gravity temperature corrections marked on it refer to the temperature correction chart Table 3 1 Section IIl Always make sure the corrections on the float thermometer agree with the chart in this service manual To obtain an accurate gravity measurement it is important to temperature correct the reading as all specific gravity readings should be corrected to a standard temperature of 77 F for prop er comparison HOLD HYDROMETER VERTICAL TAKE READING AT EYE LEVEL Fig IV 2 Using a Voltmeter Using a voltmeter to measure open circuit voltage is usually a faster and easier way to check a battery than measuring specif ic gravity with a hydrometer A voltmeter is also used when on charge or on discharge voltage readings are needed For individual cell voltage readings place the positive lead of the voltmeter on the positive terminal of the cell and the nega tive lead of the voltmeter on the negative terminal of the same cell Fig IV 3 After measuring the voltage of every cell take the specific grav ity readings of the cell with the highest open circuit voltage and the cell with the lowest open circuit voltage The specific gravity readings should confirm the state of charge of both cells and accurately pinpoint the difference between them If the specific gravity difference is greater than 20 points a problem might exist with one of the cells Also a cell may have internal prob
60. eight loss abdominal spasms fatigue and pain in the arms legs and joints INHALATION Respiratory tract irritation and possible long term effects ACUTE HEALTH HAZARDS Repeated or prolonged contact may cause mild skin irritation CHRONIC HEALTH HAZARDS Lead poisoning if persons are exposed to internal components of the batteries Lead absorption may cause nausea vomiting weight loss abdominal spasms fatigue pain in the arms legs and joints Other effects may include central nervous system damage kidney dysfunction and potential reproductive effects Chronic inhalation of sulfuric acid mist may increase the risk of lung cancer MEDICAL CONDITIONS GENERALLY AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE Respiratory and skin diseases may predispose one to acute and chronic effects of sulfuric acid and or lead Children and pregnant women must be protected from lead exposure Persons with kidney disease may be at increased risk of kidney failure Additional Information No health effects are expected related to normal use of this product as sold SECTION 3 COMPOSITION INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS INGREDIENTS Chemical Common Names CAS No 96 by Wt EC No Lead inorganic 7439 92 1 43 70 average 65 231 100 4 Sulfuric acid 7664 93 9 20 44 average 25 231 639 5 Antimony 7440 36 0 0 4 average 1 231 146 5 Arsenic 7440 38 2 0 01 231 148 6 Polypropylene 9003 07 0 5 10 average 8 NA Not applicable ND Not determined Additional Inf
61. electrolyte is at its max imum level during this time To prevent low electrolyte levels frequent checks should be made and water should be added when necessary The electrolyte level should be maintained between the low level at the perforated separator protector and the high level at the bottom of the vent well opening of the cover The manufac turer s specific gravity recommendations always are determined with the electrolyte at the high level How a watering schedule is determined depends on the type of battery frequency of charge temperature of the battery and age and condition of the battery Excessive water loss may be caused by shorted or weakened cells excessive charging rates or the charger not shutting off automatically Cells that continually lose excessive amounts of water should be checked for possible internal damage Battery Cleaning Wash Unit A well maintained battery is a clean battery Routine cleanings should be done once a month on the average to prevent tray me LN Fig IV 4 corrosion and help keep the battery operating at peak efficien cy More frequent cleaning may be needed if batteries are being operated in a very dusty or dirty environment For general cleaning use a non corrosive water based battery cleaner For user safety and environmental regulatory compli ance the battery cleaner should contain no hazardous chemical ingredients The Deka Battery Cleaning System is a state of the a
62. en if the areas are equipped with automatic sprinkler sys tems For information on extinguisher class size and mounting locations consult local fire authorities or your insurance carrier Charging Areas Proper Ventilation The charging area must be properly ventilated either naturally or with a ventilation system When installing a ventilation system a number of factors must be considered including the number and size of batteries being charged at one time and the size height and air tightness of the room Ventilation is considered satisfactory if the hydrogen concentration doesn t exceed 2 in any one location Concentrations of more than 4 are explosive and dangerous A number of instruments such as combustible gas indicators and flammable vapor indica tors are available for continuous automatic analysis of hydrogen content in the air Always keep tray covers and truck compartment covers open when charging a battery This helps cool the battery and disperse the gases Connecting Disconnecting Charger Always turn the charger OFF before connecting or disconnecting a battery Live leads can cause arcing and sparking which could cause an explosion if battery gases are present In addition the con tact surfaces of the plugs or connectors will become pitted over time Sparks Open Flames Because of the explosive gas mixtures generated while charging batteries anything that could ignite the gas such as sparks open flam
63. er Adjust Electrolyte Levels Batteries normally lose a certain amount of water due to evapo ration and electrolysis during charging It s very important not to allow the electrolyte level in any cell to drop below the top of the separator protector since low levels can damage the plates and shorten life Its equally important to avoid overfilling the cells as electrolyte will be forced out of the vent caps during charging onto the top of the battery causing tray corrosion and reducing battery capacity Only approved water should be used to water cells because certain impurities and chemicals found in tap water can be harmful to batteries Tap water in certain areas of the country is unsuitable at any time while in other areas it may be satisfacto ry only during certain seasons If the water in your area isn t suitable use distilled or de ionized water The National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA standards for maximum allowable impurities are Total Solids 350 PPM parts per million Chlorides and C1 25 PPM Nitrates as NO3 10 PPM Iron as FE 4 PPM 18 If you have any doubts about the suitability of your water con tact your local authorized Deka Representative who can arrange to have a water sample sent to East Penn s lab for analysis for a nominal fee Water should only be added to batteries while the batteries are on charge and gassing or as soon after recharge as possible This will prevent overfilling because the
64. es European Communities EC Hazard Classification according to directives 67 548 EEC and 1999 45 EC R Phrases S Phrases 35 36 38 1 2 26 30 45 Additional Information This product may be subject to Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS regulations in Europe and China or may be regulated under additional regulations and laws not identified above such as for uses other than described or as designed as intended by the manufacturer or for distribution into specific domestic destinations SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION OTHER INFORMATION Distribution into Quebec to follow Canadian Controlled Product Regulations CPR 24 1 and 24 2 Distribution into the EU to follow applicable Directives to the Use Import Export of the product as sold SOURCES OF INFORMATION International Agency for Research on Cancer 1987 ARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity An updating of IARC Monographs Volumes 1 42 Supplement 7 Lyon France Ontario Ministry of Labour Regulation 654 86 Regulations Respecting Exposure to Chemical or Biological Agents RTECS Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances National institute for Occupational Safety and Health MSDS SDS PREPARATION INFORMATION DATE OF ISSUE 6 August 2007 SUPERCEDES 29 January 2007 DISCLAIMER This Material Safety Data Sheet is based upon information and sources available at the time of preparation or revision
65. es always wear proper protec tive clothes including a face shield safety glasses long sleeved shirt acid resistant boots and gloves Do not wear any metal jewelry because it can short circuit a battery and become extremely hot if it accidentally contacts exposed intercell con nectors Refer to detailed warnings Section Page 5 Lifting Batteries Chain hoists used to handle batteries should be equipped with a non metallic container or bucket to prevent the chains from dangling and possibly causing a short by coming in contact with exposed intercell connectors on the battery top If no protection is available cover the battery with a non conducting insulating material such as plywood or heavy plastic Fig Il 1 Always use the proper lifting equipment to reduce the risk of tray damage shorting and possible injury A wood insulated battery lifting beam used with an overhead hoist is the safest way to move a battery Fig Il 1 An insulated lifting beam with hooks that fit properly into the lifting ears in the tray can be used with almost any type of overhead hoist Be sure the lifting hooks align perfectly with the battery lifting ears Misaligned hooks can cause battery lifting ear damage and could disen gage while the battery is being lifted Using the Battery as a Counterbalance In order for most lift trucks to operate safely the battery is used to counterbalance the carried load Therefore a new or different bat tery
66. es an electrical arc smoking etc must be prohibited in the charging areas To serve as a prominent reminder NO SMOKING signs should be posted in all charging areas 10 HANDLING ACID Pouring Acid Use a carboy tinter or safety siphon when removing acid from a carboy container The venting device in a carboy prevents splash ing Carboys should be stored in a cool place away from direct sunlight Note Use proper eye protection protective clothing and equipment Mixing Electrolyte Mix electrolyte in a heat and acid resistant container Always pour acid into water Never pour water into acid because a violent chem ical reaction can occur Pour the acid slowly and stir the mixture so the acid doesn t settle on the bottom When using high specific gravity acid above 1 400 take special precautions because it can be extremely dangerous Note Use proper eye protection protective clothing and equipment Store acid and electrolyte solutions in covered containers made of lead glass or acid resistant plastic Keep the containers in a cool dry area away from direct sunlight Important only the most experienced battery technicians should be allowed access to sulfuric acid and allowed to add acid for cell equalization purposes First Aid for Acid Splash Eyes Flush immediately with gently running water for at least 15 minutes then see a doctor as quickly as possible For contact lens wearers remove the lens
67. es F when placed on charge See causes 3 through 8 above Worn out bearings brakes dragging or other vehicle problem causing high dis charge rates Overdischarge of battery Battery not fully charged before placed into operation Weak leaking or defective cell s in battery Ground or shorts in the battery Battery worn out and beyond economical repair Battery too small for job Electrical or mechanical problem POSSIBLE REMEDY 1 Replace or repair defective charger parts timer voltage sensitive relay control board etc Adjust start and or finish charging rates Replace or repair problem cell s Replace battery Check for hot wires cells intercell connec tors charging plugs etc Repair or replace defective component s Add water just cover separator protector when discharged Open the compartment during charge or charge the battery out of the unit with the tray cover opened Allow battery to cool below 90 degrees F before charging See remedies 3 through 8 above Repair or replace defective unit problems a Require drivers to return battery for recharge when vehicle begins to slow down b Put more batteries into service See that battery has reached full charge specific gravity before placing into operation Repair or replace cell s or battery Remove grounds or shorts Replace battery with equal or higher capacity battery
68. es as a standard procedure to prevent skin contact OTHER PROTECTIVE CLOTHING OR EQUIPMENT None required under normal use conditions for gel absorbed elecrolyte type batteries Wash Hands after handling EXPOSURE GUIDELINES amp LIMITS OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit PEL TWA Lead inorganic as Pb 0 05 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 1 mg m8 Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic 0 01 mg m8 Tin 2 mg m8 ACGIH 2007 Threshold Limit Value TLV Lead inorganic as Pb 0 05 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 0 2 mg m8 Antimony 0 5 mg m3 Arsenic 0 01 mg m8 Tin 2 mg m8 Quebec Permissible Exposure Value PEV Lead inorganic as Pb 0 15 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 1 mg m3 TWA 3 mg m STEV Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic 0 1 mg m8 Tin 2 mg m8 Ontario Occupational Exposure Level OEL Lead designated substance 0 10 mg m Sulfuric acid 1 mg m TWAEV 3 mg m STEV Antimony 0 5 mg m8 Arsenic designated substance 0 01 mg m8 Tin 2 mg m8 Netherlands Maximaal Aanvaarde Concentratie MAC Lead inorganic as Pb 0 15 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 1 mg m3 Germany Maximale Arbeitsplatzkonzentrationen MAK Lead inorganic as Pb 0 1 mg m8 Sulfuric acid 1 mg m TWA 2 mg m STEL Antimony 0 5 mg m8 United Occupational Exposure Standard OES Lead 0 15 mg m Kingdom Antimony 0 5 mg m3 Arsenic 0 1 mg m3 Tin 2 mg m8 TWA 8 Hour Time Weighted Average STE Short Term Exposure mg m milligrams per cubic meter of air NE Not Established Additional Information Batteries are housed in poly
69. g consisting of two or more grids which has been made simultaneously in a single mold Parallel Assembly The arrangement of cells within a battery in which two or more cells are connected across a common terminal so that any current flow divides itself between the connected cells Parallel Connection See PARALLEL ASSEMBLY Partition An interior dividing wall in a tray or container Paste Mixture of lead oxide with water sulfu ric acid and sometimes other ingredients Paste Consistency A term used to include all of the physical characteristics of the paste density plasticity and texture Pasting Battery assembly operation wherein paste is applied to grids by hand or by a machine Pb Chemical symbol for lead GLOSSARY cont PbO Chemical symbol for litharge PbO Chemical symbol for lead peroxide dioxide Pellet That portion of pasted material con tained in a grid section framed by adjacent horizontal and vertical numbers exclusive of forming bars Perforated Retainer A thin sheet of perforat ed plastic material installed so as to cover each face of a positive plate to prevent the loss of active material It is normally used in conjunction with one or more layers of glass insulating material Peroxide See LEAD PEROXIDE Pig A cast bar of lead or lead alloy Pig Lead A grade of highly refined unalloyed lead Pilot Cell A selected cell of a storage battery whose temperature voltage and specific
70. g with acid spills The ph neutral dry and non hazardous waste is easy to sweep up and dispose as non hazardous waste Fig Il 3 11 SECTION Il BATTERY SAFETY cont Repairing Batteries Keep in mind several safety points when repairing batteries 1 Never work on a battery while on charge or discharge Always disconnect it from the charger or truck first 2 Always remove vent caps before beginning work 3 Always remove gas from all battery cells before begin ning work see Gas Purging Section VI 4 Use caution when melting sealing compound Melted compound is extremely hot and can cause severe burns if not properly handled see Sealing Compound Section VI SECTION Ill INSTALLATION AND USE Receiving a Battery After receiving a battery examine the crate and pallet for signs of damage If you see any wet spots the battery may have been tipped or damaged during transit Be careful when han dling a crate or packing material that s contaminated with spilled electrolyte Chemical burns can result if skin or clothing comes in contact with the spillage Follow the precautions listed under Handling Acid Section KEEP ELECTROLYTE LEVEL BELOW FILLING WELL AS SHOWN VENT CAP IMPORTANT 777 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 FB Fig Ill 1 Every cell should be inspected to be sure that the electrolyte level is above t
71. h fountain is important for safety With the battery on charge at a constant finish rate remove between a 1 4 to 1 2 of electrolyte with a syringe for every 5 points of change required This is only a rough approximation since the amount of change will vary with every cell type with a greater change on the shorter cells and a smaller change on the taller cells Replace the electrolyte removed with 1 400 specific gravity sulfuric acid Continue to charge the battery after acid addition until the specific gravity becomes constant about 1 2 to 1 hour 10 Repeat the above procedure until the specific gravity of the electrolyte corrected for temperature reaches the desired value 11 If the specific gravity must be lowered instead of raised water can be used instead of 1 400 specific gravity acid in the procedure given above SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont Symptoms Battery overheats during charge Battery overheats during charge Battery not complet ing full work shift Table 4 2 STORAGE BATTERY TROUBLESHOOTING CHART POSSIBLE CAUSE 1 Malfunctioning Charging Equipment Charging equipment out of adjustment Defective or weak cell s Battery worn out and beyond economical repair High resistance connection within battery Low electrolyte level Battery charged in the vehicle with battery compartment closed or the tray cover closed Battery over 100 degre
72. han those found in dis charged cells are apt to produce hydration Hydration is observed as a white coating on both plate groups and separators in a cell Hydrometer Device used to indicate density or specific gravity of electrolyte solutions Hydroset Curing process for negative and positive plates wherein free lead in the paste is oxidized and total free lead is reduced to a few per cent Indicator Devices employed to show a bat tery s state of charge or its water level Initial Voltage The closed circuit voltage at the beginning of a discharge It is usually measured after the current has flowed for a sufficient period for the rate of change of voltage to become practically constant Insert A bushing of lead or lead alloy molded or sealed into cell covers forming the post hole and to which the post is burned to cre ate a creep resistant cover to post seal Intercell Connector Conductor of lead lead alloy or lead plated copper which is used to connect two battery cells GLOSSARY cont Internal Resistance The resistance within the cell or battery to the flow of an electric current and is measured by the ratio of the change in voltage at the terminals of the cell or battery corresponding to a specified change in current for short time intervals Jackstraw Mats See GLASS MATS Jar Cell container made by injection mold ing rota molding or thermo forming Jar Formation The forming of plates in the cell jar
73. harge voltage and specific gravity readings Temperature cor rect the specific gravity readings using the chart Table 3 1 in Section 111 If the temperature rises to above 115 F 46 C at any time stop the charger and allow the battery to cool to 90 F 32 C or lower then continue the charge and monitor the specific gravity as described above If the charger is automatic be sure it is capable of charging the battery at the prescribed finish rate A constant current charger that can maintain the correct finish rate is preferred If the battery is badly sulfated the specific gravity may only rise 30 to 40 points 0 30 to 0 40 during the first charge 4 Fully discharge the battery 5 Repeat step 3 until the specific gravity remains unchanged for three hours In extreme cases of sulfation two or more discharges and recharges per the above instructions may be necessary to restore the battery to full capacity Percent capacity capable of being restored is a function of overall battery age and condition If the battery hasn t responded it may be sulfated beyond repair and should be replaced If the specific gravity rises to within ten points of a fully charged battery then place the battery back into normal service 6 Before condemning the battery one last check should be made to make sure the battery has not simply lost acid by dumping or over filling Adjust the specific gravity to the manufacturer s specification see Table 4
74. harm Wash hands after handling HYDROGEN GAS FROM THE BATTERY OR CELL CAN EXPLODE DO NOT SMOKE USE AN OPEN FLAME OR CREATE AN ARC OR SPARKS IN THE VICINITY OF INDI VIDUAL CELLS OR BATTERIES VENTILATE WELL WHEN IN AN ENCLOSED SPACE AND WHEN CHARGING THIS BATTERY OR INDIVIDUAL CELL CONTAINS SULFU RIC ACID WHICH CAUSES SEVERE BURNS DO NOT GET IN EYES ON SKIN OR ON CLOTHING IN CASE OF CON TACT FLUSH IMMEDIATELY WITH CLEAN WATER OBTAIN MEDICAL ATTENTION IF EYES ARE AFFECTED PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT IS RECOMMENDED WHEN WORKING WITH BATTERIES AND SHOULD BE USED IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL REQUIREMENTS SAFETY GLASSES GOGGLES OR A FACE SHIELD RUBBER OR PLASTIC GLOVES AND A RUBBER OR PLAS TIC APRON ARE ITEMS OFTEN USED IN THIS TYPE OF WORK EQUIPMENT WHICH WILL PROTECT THE EYES FROM ACID SPLASHES IS THE MOST IMPORTANT SINCE THE EYES CAN BE SERIOUSLY AFFECTED IN A VERY SHORT TIME Ampere Hour AH The electrical capability of a storage battery is usually expressed in ampere hours The ampere hour capacity is the number of ampere hours which can be delivered under speci fied conditions of temperature rate of discharge and final voltage Basically ampere hours are determined by multiplying the number of amperes which the battery will deliver by the number of hours during which the current is flowing Example 100 amperes x 6 hours to 1 70 volts per cell 600 ampere hours six hour rate The size and number of plates which
75. he moss guard Fig Ill 1 If the electrolyte level is slightly below the moss guard in any cell it can be raised by transferring a small amount of acid from higher level cells within the battery by using a syringe or hydrometer If a large amount of liquid is required to raise the level the cell jar may be damaged Inspect the packing material under the tray for signs of leakage All damaged components should be inspected by your East Penn agent or representative Call your East Penn representative immediately In the mean time keep the damaged cell s vent cap tightly in place and protect the floor from acid leakage Do not attempt to discharge or charge the battery Temporary Storage When it is fully charged and the electrolyte is at the proper level the battery can be stored for up to a year It should be stored in a cool dry well ventilated area away from direct sun light If the battery must be stored for several months or longer 12 5 To prevent possible short circuits use insulated tools whenever you are working on a battery If possible cover the terminals and connectors with an insulating material such as plywood or heavy plastic if the bat tery being worked on does not have intercell connector and terminal shrouds installed For more detailed information on safety battery repair proce dures see Section VI Battery Repair Temperature Effect on Specific Gravity of New Batteries Stored on Open Circui
76. hearing It is used for sealing cell covers to the jars or containers See compound Secondary Lead Reclaimed lead as opposed to virgin lead Sediment The leady sludge or active materi al shed from the plates and found in the bottom of cells Sediment Space The portion of a jar or con tainer compartment beneath the element provided to accommodate a certain amount of sediment from the wearing of the plates without short circuiting Self Discharge Loss of charge due to local action Separator A device employed in a storage battery for preventing metallic contact between the plates of opposite polarity within the cell while allowing passage of electrolyte See MICROPOROUS SEPARATOR Separator Protector See MOSS SHIELD Shedding Loss of active material from the plates Short Circuit Current The current which flows when the two terminals of a cell or bat tery are inadvertently connected to each other 48 SLI Battery Battery for automotive use in starting lighting and ignition Sliver Slyver Extremely fine parallel glass fibers used next to positive plate in retainers to retard shedding Smelting The process by which the major portion of lead and antimony are recovered from scrapped batteries and battery manu facture scrap Soaking A process whereby certain types of plates are soaked in sulfuric acid after past ing Soaking provides a protective surface and also a supply of sulfate helpfu
77. hese floating post seals and or lead cover bushings are welded or burned to the terminal posts to prevent electrolyte leakage around the posts using a post burning ring Fig VI 8 Before using an open flame to weld the posts and cover bushings you must once again eliminate any gas from the repaired cell and all surround ing cells See Gas Purging in this section Fig VI 8 Since special techniques must be used when resealing the cover to jar East Penn recommends that these cover to jar seals not be repaired in the field Instead such repairs should be made in authorized East Penn service stations only If the cell being reassembled has the sealing compound cover to jar seal an asphalt type compound is applied to seal the cover to the jar These covers will have lead bushings molded into both the positive and negative posts Be sure to reinstall the cover with the positive post s protruding through the cover post holes marked positive These cover bushings are weld ed or burned to the terminal posts to prevent electrolyte leakage around the posts using a post burning ring SECTION VI BATTERY REPAIR cont Cells from which elements were pulled or which had damaged jars or covers replaced should be given an equalizing charge and acid should be adjusted immediately following repair and before they are returned to service When installing repaired cells or new cells back into the battery use post lifters attache
78. incial or federal regulations Additional Information Lead acid batteries and their plastic cases are recyclable Contact your East Penn representative for recycling information SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND STORAGE Keep containers tightly closed when not in use If battery case is broken avoid contact with internal components Do not handle near heat sparks or open flames Protect containers from physical damage to avoid leaks and spills Place cardboard between layers of stacked batteries to avoid damage and short circuits Do not allow conductive material to touch the battery terminals A dangerous short circuit may occur and cause battery failure and fire OTHER PRECAUTIONS e g Incompatibilities Keep away from combustible materials organic chemicals reducing substances metals strong oxidizers and water 40 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS PERSONAL PROTECTION ENGINEERING CONTROLS SYSTEM DESIGN INFORMATION Charge in areas with adequate ventilation VENTILATION General dilution ventilation is acceptable RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Not required for normal conditions of use See also special firefighting procedures Section 5 EYE PROTECTION Wear protective glasses with side shields or goggles SKIN PROTECTION Wear chemical resistant glov
79. ing Metliods 14 The Charging Process 14 Improper Charging ast ceeds enenatis 16 Charging ctor eet rent 16 SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLE SHOOTING 16 Reading Hydrometers and Thermometers 17 Using a Voltmeter tree tte ei vue eit n 17 1 5 eaaa 17 Adding Water Adjust Electrolyte Levels 18 Battery Cleaning Wash Unit 18 Performing a Test Discharge 19 Correcting a Sulfated Battery 19 Procedure for Adjusting the Specific Gravity of the Electrolyte of a Battery 20 Storage Battery Troubleshooting Chart 21 Basic Rules for Battery Care and Maintenance 23 SECTION V VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERIES _ 24 Operation of a Gel 24 Charging a Gel Cell 24 Operating Inistructions oie terret inne 25 Maintenance Instructions 26 SECTION VI BATTERY REPAIR Repair or Replace 27 1 5 ripis eene cri aeons 27
80. ing must be adjusted based on the temperature of the electrolyte A good rule of thumb for temperature correction is to add 4 points of specific gravity 004 for each 10 degrees Fahrenheit over 77 F and to sub tract 4 points for each 10 degrees under 77 F See table 3 1 Specific Gravity Temperature Correction Charging Methods There are two important types of charge that are used for lead acid Industrial batteries Standard Recharge Cycle Charge and Equalizing Charge A third type of charge the Freshening Charge is explained in Placing a Wet Charged Battery in Service Standard Recharge After a battery has undergone a normal full shift and has been fully discharged to a recommended 80 of rated capacity it must undergo a complete or standard recharge Normally a standard recharge is based on an 8 hour charging cycle Equalizing Charge Due to a slight difference in the construc tion of each battery cell some cells take less charge than others An occasional equalizing charge will correct these cell to cell imbalances and bring all cells up to the same capacity An equalizing charge is simply a 3 hour continuation of the standard recharge at no more than the battery s finish rate A minimum 3 amp per 100 A H equalize charge rate is necessary to receive the full benefit of the equalize charge A lower equal ize charge rate will require a longer equalize charge period The best way to determine if the b
81. inish rate The finish rate is that current which can be used safely on the battery anytime charging is required and which can be continued after the completion of the charge without causing excessive gassing or high temperatures East Penn s official finish rate in amps is equal to 5 of the amp hour capacity at the 6 hour rate The finish rate is on the name plate of all East Penn batteries Normally a battery will be properly charged if the charging equipment is in good working condition and the battery is healthy A fully charged battery will have the following charac teristics while on charge Stable on charge battery voltage Gassing freely Charger current readings have leveled off to finish rate Temperature corrected specific gravity has stopped rising See table 3 1 for specific gravity temperature corrections SECTION 111 INSTALLATION AND USE cont D and M Series ELECTROLYTE SPECIFIC GRAVITY VS PERCENT DISCHARGE GRAVITY 20 40 60 80 PERCENT DISCHARGED MAX POWR Series ELECTROLYTE SPECIFIC GRAVITY Gravity VS PERCENT DISCHARGE 1 325 1 320 X P49 P60 P38 P22 P82 P165 P121 P170 P95 P110 P140 20 40 60 80 PERCENT DISCHARGED SECTION 111 INSTALLATION AND USE cont Improper Charging Charging Safety There are several important safety precautions that should be Improper charging reduces battery capacity and life taken when charging a battery Undercharging can c
82. is handled regardless of the acid s specific gravity This device produces two streams of water 1 A chemical burn station Fig Il 2 is used in smaller bat so that both eyes can be flushed simultaneously tery charging and repair areas The station consists of a wall mounted plastic squeeze bottle that contains a buffer Neutralizing Acid and Electrolyte ing solution for treating acid burns on skin eyes and clothing This inexpensive equipment should be used only For cleaning batteries non corrosive water based battery where acid with a specific gravity lower than 1 400 is used cleaning products are all that should be used For user safety A buffering or neutralizing agent shouldn t be used in the and environmental regulatory compliance the cleaning liquid eyes without the approval of medical or safety personnel should contain no hazardous chemical ingredients Even some products labeled Battery Cleaner must be avoided because of hazardous ingredients and damage to batteries and related equipment Acid spills are common in battery rooms When acid spills occur it is critical to minimize 1 Health and safety risk to personnel and the environment 2 Damage to batteries equipment and surrounding surfaces 3 Time to neutralize absorb and clean up 4 Disposal costs of waste materials 5 Regulatory compliance risks and fines Neutralizing acid absorbers and spill kits have the performance attributes required when dealin
83. istance loads boost cells are used to keep the discharge rate fairly con stant as the test cell voltages drop rapidly near the final voltage Electronic load manual discharges generally do not require boost cells Marine Battery A battery designed for ship board installation to provide energy for cranking service and the operation of emer gency lighting alarm and communication equipment Microporous Separator Either a veneer or a grooved type separator made of any material in which the pores are numerous and micro scopically small Mine Locomotive Battery A cycle service battery designed to operate mine locomotive trammer shuttle cars and tunnel haulage equipment Millivolt MV One thousandth part of a volt Modified Constant Voltage Charge A charge in which the voltage of the charging circuit is held substantially constant but a fixed resistance is inserted in the battery cir cuit producing a rising voltage characteristic at the battery terminals as the charge pro gresses Mold A cast iron or steel form which contains the cavity into which molten metal is intro duced to produce a casting of definite shape and outline Mold Coat A preparation applied to metal molds in spray form which acts both as a mold release agent and as an insulator against rapid heat transfer Mold Spray See MOLD COAT 47 Moss Dendritic crystals of lead Pb which sometimes grow at high current density areas of negative plates
84. ith the active material of the plates This chemical reaction reduces the sulfuric acid content in the electrolyte The specific gravity of the electrolyte is reduced and approaches that of water 1 100 Cell voltage decreases during the discharge because the two 2 dissimilar metals 2 and Pb are becoming more similar PbSO During charging the discharging reaction is reversed and the chemical energy is restored The lead sulfate on the positive plates converts back to lead peroxide PbO and the lead sul fate on the negative plates converts back to sponge lead Pb The released sulfate returns to the electrolyte solution increas ing the sulfuric acid content which in turn increases the specific gravity When these electrochemical reactions are complete the cell is again fully charged During charging hydrogen gas is formed on the negative plates and oxygen is formed on the positive plates This explosive gas mixture is vented from the battery through the vent filler caps THE WARNINGS SHOWN ON PAGE 5 APPLY TO ALL CELLS OR BATTERIES LEAD PEROXIDE SPONGE LEAD At DEGREASING DECREASING LEAD SULFATE INCREASING LEAD SULFATE INCREASING ELECTROLYTE AT MEDILM STRENGTH SULFURIC ACID AND WATER SPONGE LEAD INCREASING LEAD PEROXIDE INCREASING LEAD SULFATE_ DECREASING LEAD SULFATE DECREASING ELECTROLYTE AT MEDIUM STRENGTH SULFURIC ACID AND CHA
85. itive Grid Fig 1 2 Due to the increased amount of chemical activity that takes place on the positive grids during charging and discharging positive grids are more heavily constructed than negative grids Fig l 2 Apply Active Material After the grids have been cast the lead oxide pastes are applied The lead oxide applied to the negative grid contains an expander to produce sponge lead The positive plate contains a putty like mixture of lead lead oxide lead sulfate and water Because proper pasting is critical to battery performance East Penn uses highly sophisticated computer controlled pasting machines to consistently apply paste to exact thicknesses and weight Curing and Drying After the plates are pasted they must be cured and dried in a rigidly controlled environment This securely binds the active material to the grid and produces a smooth uniform plate The active material now highly porous allows the electrolyte to penetrate freely so it can produce maximum conductivity between the paste and the grid for high cell efficiency Because the curing and drying process is so important to cell efficiency and battery life East Penn has invested in humidity and tem perature controlled curing ovens Fig 1 3 which produce the highest quality plates in the industry Plate Formation The cured plates must now undergo a formation charge which transforms the previously inert material on the positive plates into lead pe
86. l The cover and jar material is polypropylene This design is easily distinguishable because the vent well lip is almost flush with the top of the cover A few manufacturers continue to use the older compound cover to jar seal The cover is a hard rubber material and can be identified by the very high vent well lip The cover sets down inside of the jar and the seal is made with a hot asphalt materi al If the battery being repaired has the older cover to jar asphalt seal proceed as follows After all connectors have been removed from the cell separate the cell from the tray and from the surrounding cells by cutting through the sealing compound with a warm putty knife or similar tool Fig VI 3 Work the tool down to the cover jar seal When all sealing compound has been removed around the cell attach post lifters to the negative posts and use a block and tackle or a lifting beam to lift the cell from the battery Fig VI 4 Never lift a cell or an element by the positive posts Always use the negative posts SECTION VI BATTERY REPAIR cont Fig VI 3 Once the cell has been removed inspect the jar for leakage and replace it if necessary Be sure to clean the tray bottom and side area before replacing the cell Neutralize any acid or corrosion see Neutralizing Acid and Electrolyte Section 11 and scrape off any residue If removing a heat bonded cover to jar designed cell it is impor tant to note that some manuf
87. l cell must never be opened once it leaves the factory Opening the cell will allow excess atmospher ic oxygen to enter the cell and discharge the negative plates This will cause an imbalance that will destroy the recombination chemistry This imbalance of chemistry will permanently dam age the cell beyond repair Charging a Gel Cell While our gel cell will accept a charge extremely well due to its internal resistance any battery will be damaged by continual under or overcharging Capacity is reduced and life is short ened Abusive overcharging is especially harmful to gel cells because of their sealed design Abusive overcharging dries out the elec trolyte by driving the oxygen and hydrogen out of the battery through the sealing vents Performance and life are reduced If a battery is continually undercharged a power robbing layer of sulfate can build up on the positive plate which acts as a barrier to electron flow Premature plate shedding can also occur Performance is reduced and life is shortened Therefore it is critical to use a charger that limits voltage to 2 55 volts per cell at 77 F 2 at the end of charge If the charger can reduce the voltage as the temperature rises or increase the voltage as the temperature decreases this will help to prevent under or overcharging The warranty is void if improperly charged The supplied on board charger for Gelmate or the Ultra Charger with the D S G Sealed Lead Acid Batte
88. l in jar for mation and tank formation Soda Ash Sodium Carbonate Na C09 used to neutralize effluents containing sulfu ric acid or acid spills Spine Cast Pb alloy conductor for tubular positive plate Sponge Lead Pb The chief material of a fully charged negative plate It is a porous mass of lead crystals Stacking Cell assembly operation wherein plates and separators are alternately piled in a burning box prior to cast on or burning on of straps and posts Stacking Fixture or Stacking Jig The fixture or device used to stack and burn elements Standing Loss The loss of charge by an idle cell or battery resulting from local action Starting Rate The number of amperes at which the charging of a storage battery may be begun without producing gassing or bub bling of the electrolyte or a cell temperature in excess of 110 F 43 C State of Charge The amount of electrochem ical energy left in a cell or battery Stationary Battery A stationary battery is a storage battery designed for service in a per manent position Strap Precast or cast on piece of lead or lead alloy used to connect plates into groups and to connect the groups to the post Strap Center Spacing between centers of adjacent plates in a group Stratification As applied to electrolyte it is layers of high gravity acid in the lower por tions of a cell where they are out of touch with the ordinary circulation of the electrolyte and thus of no
89. le 1 1 See Table 3 1 shown on page 14 Specific Gravity Temperature Corrections Recommended Specific Gravity Range 77 F 25 C 1 280 1 295 1 245 1 255 1 320 1 330 1 245 1 255 1 295 1 305 Battery Type Standard D Series Maintenance Saver M Series Max Powr P Series Diesel Starting DL DLU Series Hydra Saver H Series Table 1 1 When fully charged each cell has a voltage of approximately two 2 volts on open circuit However a cell may have a volt age from 2 12 to 2 70 volts while being charged A cell develops a voltage potential when two dissimilar metals are immersed in a suitable electrolyte The two metals used in lead acid cells are lead peroxide PbO and sponge lead Pb and the electrolyte is dilute sulfuric acid H2804 This combination of dissimilar metals and electrolyte results in a voltage potential of nominally two 2 volts per cell and their potential ability to deliver this voltage under varying load and for varying periods of time When a battery is discharged the internal components of each cell undergo chemical changes Figure l 1 During the dis charge cycle the composition of the positive plates changes from lead peroxide PbO to lead sulfate PbSO and the neg ative plates from sponge lead Pb to lead sulfate PbSO The sulfate on both the positive and negative plates comes from the sulfuric acid in the electrolyte solution combining chemically w
90. ls and workmanship were used to manufacture your battery Fig 1 9 SECTION BATTERY SAFETY A DANGER VOLTAGE We Q IMMEDIATELY RISK OF SHOCK SHIELD MMWATER DO NOT TOUCH mee ACID GET UNINSULATED n GASES sin CAN CAUSE MEDICAL TERMINALS OR CAN CAUSE BLIND FLAMES BLINDNESS OR MT HELP CONNECTORS NESS OR INJURY SMOKING SEVERE BURNS x FAST VENTILATE WELL WHEN IN AN ENCLOSED KEEP VENT CAPS TIGHTLY IN PLACE SPACE AND WHEN CHARGING SEE INSTALLATION MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR IMPORTANT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS REPAIR SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY A QUALIFIED SERVICE TECHNICIAN CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65 WARNING Batteries battery posts terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds and other chemicals known to the state of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm Wash hands after handling Only trained and authorized personnel should change repair or charge batteries When used properly a lead acid motive power battery is a safe dependable source of electrical power However if proper care and safety precautions aren t exercised when handling a bat tery it can be an extremely dangerous piece of equipment There are four hazardous elements in a lead acid battery sulfu ric acid explosive gases electricity and weight Hazardous Elements Sulfuric Acid The electrolyte in a lead acid storage battery is a dil
91. must fall within the recommended battery weight range This battery weight information is found on the nameplate of the truck A battery s service weight is usually stamped on the tray near one of the lifting holes A battery that s too heavy or too light can change the truck s center of gravity and cause it to be unstable It s the user s responsibility to be sure that this weight is in the proper range SECTION II BATTERY SAFETY cont CHARGING BATTERIES Charging Areas Proper Equipment All plants should have designated charging areas especially if they change batteries at the end of each shift These areas should have proper battery handling equipment including overhead hoists lifting beams battery racks and cranes and the area must be well ventilat ed A source of running water nearby is desirable and a water hose at the filling operation is recommended Racks used in the charging area must be insulated to prevent any sparking The battery rack supports must also be suitably insulated or made of non conducting material The floors in battery and charging rooms should have an acid resis tant coating and be sloped toward a sump They should always be washed with clean water after an acid spill The spill should be neu tralized with a non corrosive water based neutralizing chemical that is user safe and environmentally compliant Hand operated fire extinguishes should be available in all charging areas ev
92. n and performance JAR ERE Molded of high impact resistant e RETAINER material to remain leak free under r x d A high porosity perforated the roughest conditions zi envelope that encases positive j plates and glass mats to BRIDGE 5 prevent shorts and ensure Provides firm element support pe Al maximum performance and life and ample sediment space 2 SEPARATOR BOTTOM SHIELD fon me Impervious to heat acid and Provides extra protection on bottom corrosion deep channeled of positive plate to prevent shorting 1 y microporous separators provide between plate and sediment oy insulation between positive and negative plates while allowing the free flow of electrolyte throughout the cell STEEL TRAY Heavy gauge with acid resistant ELECTROLYTE protective coating Steel covers In ample volume to ensure furnished as required top performance at all rates of discharge Fig A 1 SECTION I THEORY OF OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION OF LEAD ACID STORAGE BATTERIES Theory of Operation Discharging Recharging Characteristics In a fully charged condition the active material in the positive plate is lead peroxide PbO and the active material in the neg ative plates is sponge lead Pb The electrolyte has maximum sulfuric acid content and its temperature corrected specific gravity ranges should comply with the manufacturer s recom mended full charge specific gravity specifications See Tab
93. nds but not lead in metal form as possibly toxic to reproduction Risk phrase 61 May cause harm to the unborn child applies to lead compounds especially soluble forms SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION PERSISTENCE amp DEGRADABILITY Lead is very persistent in soils and sediments No data available on biodegradation BIO ACCUMULATIVE POTENTIAL Including Mobility Mobility of metallic lead between ecological compartments is low Bioaccumulation of lead occurs in aquatic and terrestrial animals and plants but very little bioaccumulation occurs through the food chain Most studies have included lead compounds not solid inorganic lead AQUATIC TOXICITY Test Results amp Comments Sulfuric acid 24 hour LCso fresh water fish Brachydanio rerio 82 mg l 96 hour LOEC fresh water fish Cyprinus carpio 22 mg l lowest observable effect concentration Lead metal No data available Additional Information No known effects on stratospheric ozone depletion Volatile organic compounds 0 by Volume Water Endangering Class WGK NA 42 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS WASTE DISPOSAL METHOD Lead acid batteries are recyclable when sent to a secondary lead smelte Follow local State Provincial and Federal National regulations applicable to as used end of life characteristics to be determined
94. ne ohm Volt Efficiency The ratio of the average volt age of cell or battery during discharge to the average voltage during its subsequent recharge Voltage The difference of potential which exists between the terminals of a cell or bat tery or any two points of an electrical circuit Voltage Range The difference between the maximum and minimum cell voltages that exist within a battery or string of cells when all of the cells are charging or discharging Voltmeter An instrument for measuring volt age Watering Adding water to battery electrolyte to replace electrolysis and evaporative loss es Watt A measure of electric power The prod uct of amperes and volts Watthour A measure of energy or work accomplished being product of the rate of work in watts and the time in hours or the product of ampere hours and the average voltage Watthour Capacity The number of watthours which can be delivered under specific condi tions as to temperature rate of discharge and final voltage Watthour Efficiency The watthour efficiency of a storage battery is the energy efficiency expressed as the ratio of the watthour output to the watthours of the recharge 49 Watthour Meter A watthour meter is an elec tric motor that measures and registers electrical energy in watthours or kilowatt hours Wet Shelf Life The period of time a wet sec ondary cell can be stored before its capacity has fallen to the point that the cell can
95. not be easily recharged Wrapping Assembly operation wherein motive power positive plates are covered by silver glass mat and retainer NOTES 50 NOTES 51 World s Largest and Most Modern Single Site Battery Manufacturing Facility Since 1946 East Penn has been producing high quality batteries and battery accessories for the automotive commercial marine industrial stationary and specialty markets Facilities at its 520 acre single site manufacturing complex in Lyon Station PA include four automotive battery plants an industrial battery plant a specialty battery plant a state of the art oxide facility an innovative recycling infrastructure and dozens of vertically integrated capabilities and other support facilities An additional manufacturing facility in Corydon IA helps accommodate widespread growth Just miles away East Penn owns and operates a wire cable and battery accessory plant and a multiple facility distribution center just miles away from its Lyon Station complex New high tech facilities and computer monitoring and control systems have made the company an industry leader in advanced battery manufacturing East Penn s quality manufacturing is recognized worldwide and has met the global requirements of ISO 9001 and ISO TS 16949 certification standards
96. ny circumstances SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING Proper maintenance is essential to obtain long life and maxi mum efficiency from any Industrial battery Carefully following a scheduled maintenance routine will help increase battery per formance and prolong service life use the same cell for the pilot cell The pilot cell should be positioned near the center of the battery and can be identified with a marking of some sort on the intercell connector shroud or cell cover 3 At least once each month measure and compare the One of the keys to an effective battery maintenance program is specific gravity of all the cells The readings should be to maintain an accurate records system of battery cycles and uniform from cell to cell If the specific gravity readings maintenance repair work for each battery A records system is fall 20 points 0 20 below the nominal specific gravity particularly important for operations that use a large number of reading of 1 290 the electrolyte levels should be batteries checked and brought up to a uniform level before check ing for a second time If at any time the readings are 20 If you don t already have one these procedures should help points 020 greater than the nominal specific gravity you create a reliable records system readings of 1 290 or the range of the on charge cell voltage readings is more than 0 15 volts the battery 1 Assign a code identification number to
97. o lead and lead compounds in the workplace may result in nervous system toxicity Some toxicologists report that abnormal conduction velocities in person with blood lead levels of 50 9 100 ml or higher Heavy lead exposure may result in central nervous system damage encephalopathy and damage to the blood forming hematopoietic tissues Additional Information Very little chronic toxicity data available for elemental lead Lead is listed by IARC as a 2B carcinogen possible carcinogen in humans Arsenic is listed by IARC ACGIH and NTP as a carcinogen based on studies with high doses overlong periods of time The other ingredients in this product present at equal to or greater than 0 1 of the product are not listed by OSHA NTP or IARC as suspect carcinogens The 19th Amendment to EC Directive 67 548 EEC classified lead compounds but not lead in metal form as possibly toxic to reproduction Risk phrase 61 May cause harm to the unborn child applies to lead compounds especially soluble forms SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION PERSISTENCE amp DEGRADABILITY Lead is very persistent in soils and sediments No data available on biodegradation BIO ACCUMULATIVE POTENTIAL Including Mobility Mobility of metallic lead between ecological compartments is low Bioaccumulation of lead occurs in aquatic and terrestrial animals and plants but very little bioaccumulation occurs through the food chain Most studies have included lead compounds
98. or container after they have been assembled Jumper A short length of conductor used to connect or cutout part of an electrical circuit Kilovolt KV One thousand volts Kilowatt KW One thousand watts Kilowatt Hours KWH A measure of energy or work accomplished being 1000 watt hours Lamp Black Finely powdered carbon used as an ingredient in negative plate expander Lead Pb Chemical element used in lead acid batteries with sulfuric acid and other materials Lead Burning Welding of lead or lead alloy parts Lead Hydrate A white compound of lead of indefinite composition formed by the reaction of very dilute electrolyte or water on metallic lead or lead alloys Lead Oxide A general term used to describe any of the finely divided lead oxides used to produce paste for storage batteries Lead Peroxide A brown oxide of lead which is the active material in a fully formed posi tive plate Its formula is PbOz Lead Plated Part A metallic part that has had a thin protective layer of metallic lead elec trodeposited on its surface Lead Sponge Pb The chief component of the active material of a fully charged nega tive plate Lead Sulphate PbS04 A compound result ing from the chemical action of sulfuric acid on oxides of lead or lead metal itself Level Indicator A float mounted in a float tube or similar indication of the electrolyte level Level Lines Horizontal lines molded and or painted near tops
99. ormation These ingredients reflect components of the finished product related to performance of the product as distributed into commerce SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES EYE CONTACT Flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 15 minutes Seek immediate medical attention if eyes have been exposed directly to acid SKIN CONTACT Flush affected area s with large amounts of water using deluge emergency shower if available shower for at least 15 minutes Remove contaminated clothing If symptoms persist seek medical attention INGESTION If swallowed give large amounts of water Do NOT induce vomiting or aspiration into the lungs may occur and can cause permanent injury or death INHALATION If breathing difficulties develop remove person to fresh air If symptoms persist seek medical attention MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD ACID BATTERY WET FILLED WITH ACID US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES SUITABLE UNSUITABLE EXTINGUISHING MEDIA Dry chemical carbon dioxide water foam Do not use water on live electrical circuits SPECIAL FIRE FIGHTING PROCEDURES amp PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Use appropriate media for surrounding fire Do not use carbon dioxide directly on cells Avoid breathing vapors Use full protective equipment bunker gear and self contained breathing apparatus UNUSUAL FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS Batteries evolve flammable hydrogen gas during charging and may increase fi
100. plate Charging Plug The male half of a quick con nector which contains both the positive and negative leads Charging Rate The current expressed in amperes at which the battery is charged Charging Receptacle The female half of a quick connector housing both positive and negative leads Circuit A system of electrical components through which an electric current is intended to flow The continuous path of an electric current Compound An asphaltic pitchlike material used as a cover to jar battery sealant Constant Current Charge A charge in which the current is maintained at a constant value For some types of lead acid batteries this may involve two rates called a starting and a finishing rate Constant Potential Charge See CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE Constant Voltage Charge A charge in which the voltage at the terminals of the battery is held at a constant value Container Housing for one or more cells commonly called a JAR GLOSSARY cont Cover The lid or cover of an enclosed cell generally made of the same material as the jar or container and through which extend the posts and the vent plug Cover Inserts Lead or lead alloy rings which are molded or sealed into the cell cover and to which are burned the element posts there by creating an effective acid creep resistant seal Curing Chemical conversion process which changes lead oxides and sulfuric acid to mix tures of tetrabasic lead sulfate othe
101. propylene cases which are regulated as total dust or respirable dust only when they are ground up during recycling The OSHA PEL for dust is 15 mg m as total dust or 5 mg m as respirable dust May be required to meet Domestic Requirements for a Specific Destination s SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES APPEARANCE Industrial commercial lead acid battery ODOR Odorless ODOR THRESHOLD NA PHYSICAL STATE Sulfuric Acid Gelatinous Lead solid pH 1 BOILING POINT 235 240 F as sulfuric acid MELTING POINT NA FREEZING POINT NA VAPOR PRESSURE 10 mmHg 41 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES continued VAPOR DENSITY AIR 1 gt 1 SPECIFIC GRAVITY H20 1 1 27 1 33 EVAPORATION RATE n BuAc 1 lt 1 SOLUBILITY IN WATER 100 as sulfuric acid FLASH POINT Below room temperature as hydrogen gas AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE NA LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT LEL 4 as hydrogen gas UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT UEL 74 as hydrogen gas PARTITION COEFFICIENT NA VISCOSITY poise 25 C Not Available DECOMPOSITION TEMPERATURE Not Available FLAMMABILITY HMIS HAZARD CLASSIFICATIONS US CN EU As sulfuric acid HEALTH 3 FLAMMABILITY 0 REACTIVITY 2 STABILITY This product is stable under normal conditions at ambient temperature INCOMPATIBILITY MATERIAL TO AVOID Strong bases combustibl
102. r basic lead sulfates basic lead carbonates etc which consequently will form desired struc tures of Pb or PbO on negative or positive plates during formation Current The time rate of flow of electricity normally expressed as amperes like the flow of a stream of water Cut Off Voltage See FINAL VOLTAGE Cutting of acid The dilution of a more con centrated solution of sulfuric acid to a lower concentration Cycle A discharge and its subsequent recharge Cycle Service A type of battery operation in which a battery is continuously subjected to successive cycles of charge and discharge e g motive power service Deep Discharge Removal of up to 80 of the rated capacity of a cell or battery Direct Current DC A direct current is a uni directional current in which the changes in value are either zero or so small that they may be neglected Discharge The conversion of the chemical energy of the battery into electrical energy Discharged The condition of a storage cell when as the result of delivering current the plates are sulfated the electrolyte is exhausted and there is little or no potential difference between the terminals Discharge Rate Batteries discharged to meet any time rate between 3 hours and 8 hours are considered as having been nor mally discharged Dry Charging Manufacturing process where by charged plates are washed free of acid and then dried Efficiency The ratio of the outpu
103. r increase the ampere hour capacity The above ratings are based on an elec trolyte temperature of 77 F 25 C with a full charge specific gravity at battery nameplate rating Specific Gravity The term specific gravity describes the ratio of the density of electrolyte to the density of water Electrolyte weighing 1 2 times as much as the same volume of water has a specific gravity of 1 200 The full charge specific gravity of a cell is a matter of design and depends on several factors The specific gravity must be high enough to contain the amount of sulfuric acid necessary to meet the chemical needs of a cell If the sul furic acid content is too high damage may result to the cell Since the acid content of the electrolyte decreases linearly as the cell is discharged the decrease in specific gravity is directly proportionate to the amount of ampere hours removed refer to Table 3 2 page 15 The specific gravity at any point in the discharge indicates the depth of discharge and can be translated into ampere hours removed A cell having a full charge specific gravity of 1 290 and a final specific gravity of 1 140 will have a specific gravity drop of 150 points Example Assume the specific gravity is 1 190 at the end of the discharge That is 100 points specific gravity below the full charge gravity therefore 120 67 dis charged of rated capacity Allow at least one hour after end of discharge for the electrolyte to diffuse and give a
104. re risk in poorly ventilated areas near sparks excessive heat or open flames SPECIFIC HAZARDS IN CASE OF FIRE Thermal shock may cause battery case to crack open Containers may explode when heated Additional Information Firefighting water runoff and dilution water may be toxic and corrosive and may cause adverse environmental impacts SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES PERSONAL PRECAUTIONS Avoid Contact with Skin Neutralize any spilled electrolyte with neutralizing agents such as soda ash sodium bicarbonate or very dilute sodium hydroxide solutions ENVIRONMENTAL PRECATIONS Prevent spilled material from entering sewers and waterways SPILL CONTAINMENT amp CLEANUP METHODS MATERIALS Add neutralizer absorbent to spill area Sweep or shovel spilled material and absorbent and place in approved container Dispose of any non recyclable materials in accordance with local state provincial or federal regulations Additional Information Lead acid batteries and their plastic cases are recyclable Contact your East Penn representative for recycling information SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE PRECAUTIONS FOR SAFE HANDLING AND STORAGE Keep containers tightly closed when not in use If battery case is broken avoid contact with internal components Do not handle near heat sparks or open flames Protect containers from physical damage to avoid leaks and spills Place cardboard between layers of stacked batteries to avoid
105. rger is OFF before connecting or disconnecting the battery to prevent dangerous sparks Use proper size charger and follow charger instructions carefully Recharge FULLY after each duty cycle Avoid partial recharging Remove vent caps only when checking or filling KEEP GAPS ON when battery is in use on charge and when cleaning battery top Batteries with steel covers should be recharged with covers in the open position Be careful first and last Fig IV 1 23 SECTION VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERIES Fig V 1 In the lead acid battery according to basic electrochemical principals complete sealing cannot be accomplished because the generation of hydrogen cannot be completely avoided The valve has to open periodically to let small amounts of gas mainly hydrogen escape from the cell Otherwise the internal pressure would exceed tolerable limits Gradual water loss is connected with this gas evolution and this water loss causes slight changes in the cell parameters during service life But the rate of water loss can be kept so low that the initial amount of electrolyte is sufficient for a service life of five years or more Valve regulated lead acid batteries can be constructed using gelled electrolyte as well as absorbent glass mat separators AGM Which immobilizing method is used often depends upon the application and manufacturer For deep cycle applica tions such as motive power gelled electrolyte i
106. roxide and the material on the negative plates into sponge lead The plates are lowered into a forming tank filled with dilute sulfuric acid then temporarily connected to a lead bar and given a computer controlled forming charge Individual plate formation allows the entire row of plates to be formed at uniform temperatures which will enhance battery performance Fig 1 3 and life The formed plates become darker and are individually inspected Fig l 4 and Fig l 5 to be sure that each one is per fect This is important because many other companies form their plates in the battery or in groups of cells resulting in tem perature variation between plates and they can t individually inspect each one Fig 1 4 Fig 1 5 Wrapping Positive Plates The active material of positive plates lead peroxide is subject to shedding as a cell goes through its normal discharge recharge cycle The small particles that are shed settle to the bottom of the cell To keep the active material firmly on the positive plates SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION OF LEAD ACID STORAGE BATTERIES cont Positive Plate Wrapped Fig 1 6 they are wrapped with various retaining devices including glass fiber mats fiberglass tape and a retainer bottom shield Fig 1 6 The positive plates are first wrapped with a vertical mat which consists of fiberglass tape and interwoven glass fibers The glass fibers imbed into the
107. rt pro cess that completely cleans and neutralizes batteries while safely processing the wash water to meet EPA and DOT requirements No contaminants are discharged into water sup plies or the soil all materials in the treated wash water are completely encapsulated and removed from the facility Contact your East Penn representative for more detailed information Most batteries have intercell connectors and terminals covered SECTION IV BATTERY MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING cont with plastic shrouds These should be removed prior to battery cleaning and immersed in the cleaning solution MAKE SURE ALL VENT PLUGS ARE TIGHTLY IN PLACE WHEN CLEANING OR WASHING BATTERIES Check the gas escape holes in the vent plugs for dirt clogs For maximum effectiveness the solution should be applied with a clean non metallic brush so it can be worked under the ter minals and intercell connectors to remove dirt and neutralize any excess acid Fig 4 Use low pressure hose to rinse the battery with water until all traces of solution and loose dirt are removed Before placing the cleaned battery back in service rinse and attach the intercell connector and terminal shrouds All excess rinse water should be removed from the battery top with a low pressure air hose or allowed to air dry Performing a Test Discharge To determine if a battery can deliver its rated capacity a test discharge or capacity test can be performed This te
108. ry Recharging is more difficult and more time consum ing Often complete recharge is not attained and the undercharged battery is placed into service Consequently it is over discharged to a lower limit resulting in loss of capacity and premature battery failure Optimum battery life can be aided by limiting the depth of discharge to 80 of its rated capacity A good battery maintenance program is necessary to protect life expectancy and capacity of the battery A more detailed dis cussion of battery maintenance can be found in Section IV of this manual BATTERY CHARGING Basic Charging Facts Proper charging is essential for maximum battery life In gener al the proper charging rate for lead acid batteries is any rate which doesn t produce temperature higher than 115 F 46 C and any rate which doesn t cause excessive gassing When a discharged battery is initially placed on charge it draws a current equal or close to the chargers maximum output As the battery s voltage rises the charger output should adjust to the changing voltage to assure a safe efficient charging rate during all stages of the charge With today s automatic start stop charges under and overcharg ing are virtually eliminated These smart charges have computerized control units that can determine when a battery is fully charged and then automatically terminate the charge cycle For example The charger delivers a high start rate of 20 23
109. ry charge curve profile or any other EPM approved motive power gel cell charger must be utilized to recharge gel cell batteries Constant current charges or ferroesonant charges should NEVER be used on gel cell batteries See Fig V 2 Ultra Charge Deka Dominator Battery Curve Voltage Time 6 hrs after 80 only amp Vgas temperature Compensated 10mV cell 3 F Vlid 2 55V C s I Fin 1 54 100AH Vgas 2 83V C 80 starts after charge current drops below 8 2A 100AH e E S 16 3A 100AH Istart Fig V 2 SECTION VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERIES OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS SEALED VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID SVRLA GELLED ELECTROLYTE BATTERIES WARNING Charging shall be performed by using only the supplied on board charger for Gelmate or the Ultra Charge Charger with the D S G Sealed Lead Acid Battery charge curve profile or any other EPM approved motive power gel electrolyte charger The valve regulated vent should not be removed Removal of the vent will adversely affect the battery s life and performance The battery s warranty will be void if these guidelines are not followed 1 Upon receipt of the battery if there are signs of rough handling or exposed elec trolyte or loose or missing vent s file a claim with the carrier and advise your East Penn representative 2 Check the nameplate of your charger against the nameplate of the battery to make sure they bo
110. s more suitable The gelled electrolyte requires a separator to prevent short cir cuits between the electrodes This additional separator causes additional resistance Therefore the internal resistance of com parable batteries is slightly higher with gelled electrolyte thus such batteries are not as suitable in extreme high load current with short duration requirements such as UPS applications Operation of a Gel Cell During the overcharge period of the recharge oxygen is gener ated from the positive plates in all lead acid batteries This oxygen is trapped in the gel cell by a special vent valve forcing the oxygen to the negative plate through tiny fissures or cracks in the gelled electrolyte When the oxygen contacts the nega tive active mass sponge lead it oxidizes the negative active mass to lead oxide The lead oxide reacts with the sulfuric acid to form lead sulfate and water At the same time during the charging process this lead sulfate is converted back to sponge lead and sulfuric acid This recombination process prevents water loss 24 The vent valve is critical to the performance of the gel cell The cell must maintain a positive internal pressure Otherwise the oxygen will escape and the cell will dry out and not perform In addition the valve must safely release any excess pressure that may be produced during overcharging or else the cell would be irreparably damaged It s important to note that a ge
111. s product For additional information concerning East Penn Manufacturing Co Inc products or questions concerning the content of this MSDS please contact your East Penn representative END 38 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET VALVE REGULATED LEAD ACID BATTERY NON SPILLABLE US CN EU Version for International Trade SECTION 1 PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION PRODUCT NAME Valve Regulated Lead Acid Battery OTHER PRODUCT NAMES Gel Absorbed Electolyte Sealed Value Regulated Non Spillable Battery Battery Non Spillable 49 CFR 173 159 d MANUFACTURER East Penn Manufacturing Company Inc DIVISION Deka Road ADDRESS Lyon Station PA 19536 USA EMERGENCY TELEPHONE NUMBERS US CHEMTREC 1 800 424 9300 CN CHEMTREC 1 800 424 9300 Outside US 1 202 483 7616 NON EMERGENCY HEALTH SAFETY INFORMATION 1 610 682 6361 CHEMICAL FAMILY This product is a gel absorbed electrolyte type lead acid storage battery PRODUCT USE Industrial Commercial electrical storage batteries This product is considered a Hazardous Substance Preparation or Article that is regulated under US OSHA CAN WHMIS IOSH ISO UK CHIP or EU Directives 67 548 EEC Dangerous Substance Labeling 98 24 EC Chemical Agents at Work 99 45 EC Preparation Labeling 2001 58 EC MSDS Content and 1907 2006 EC REACH and an MSDS SDS is required for this product considering that when used as recommended or intended or under ordinary conditions it may present a health and safet
112. s reach termination value stop the test Don t let any cells go into reversal 6 Use this formula to calculate capacity delivery minutes to final voltage 360 minutes x 100 For example if the test was terminated after 336 minutes the capacity percentage would be 93 7 After termination of the test immediately record the spe cific gravity of each cell If all the cells have uniform specific gravity and the battery delivers 8096 or more of its rated capacity 288 minutes it can be returned to ser 19 vice If the test indicates that less than 80 of the bat tery s rated capacity is being delivered the battery should be either repaired or replaced depending upon its age and overall condition For more detailed information on capacity testing contact East Penn Manufacturing Company or your local authorized Deka Representative Correcting a Sulfated Battery If batteries are not operating full shifts heat while on charge and after charge and if temperature corrected specific gravity readings are below the manufacturer s specifications the bat teries may be sulfated To restore a sulfated battery to good condition carefully follow this procedure 1 Thoroughly clean the battery 2 Add water to bring the electrolyte to the proper level in all cells 3 Charge the battery at the prescribed finishing rate until the specific gravity shows no change for a three hour period with readings taken hourly Record on c
113. sitive plate lugs and another one is welded onto the negative plate lugs At the same time positive and negative posts are welded onto the proper plate straps A perforated plastic moss shield is placed on top of the assembled plates Fig 1 8 The moss shield also protects the tops of the plates and separators and permits the gas bubbles to get up to the surface of the electrolyte Fig 1 8 Finishing the Cell Assembly A finished cell consists of an element inserted into a high impact plastic jar with a cover Fig 1 9 Before the element goes into the jar a sediment bridge is installed to give the element firm support and provide a place for sediment to settle After the completed element is inserted into the jar a high impact plastic cover is placed on top and heat sealed onto the jar The cover s positive and negative terminals have a lead post bushing attached and are welded firmly to the element s posts Each finished cell is air tested to ensure an air tight cover to jar and post to bushing seal The air test can also detect any leaks in the high impact plastic jar SECTION THEORY OF OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION OF LEAD ACID STORAGE BATTERIES cont Assembling into Trays To create a battery a specific amount of completed cells ele ment jar and cover are inserted into a steel tray Spacer material may be added between the cells and tray to assure a tight assembly East Penn will assemble batteries with or wi
114. st helps determine the health of a battery and whether or not it should be replaced Only experienced battery technicians should be allowed to pre pare a battery for discharge testing and to conduct the actual discharge test The test is conducted by discharging a fully charged battery at the six hour rate until the battery voltage drops to a final voltage of 1 70 volts per cell times the number of cells in the battery The six hour rate in amps is a number equal to the rated capac ity at the six hour rate divided by six hours By noting the time elapsed between when the battery was put on discharge and when the final voltage was reached you can determine whether the battery is delivering its rated capacity 1 Give the battery an equalizing charge and adjust the specific gravity to the manufacturer s specification with the electrolyte level at the bottom of the vent well Always temperature correct the gravity readings 2 Start the test and record the starting time 3 Record individual cell voltages and overall battery volt ages during the first hour at 10 minutes 30 minutes and then 60 minutes After the first hour take hourly readings until the first cell voltage reaches 1 75 volts per cell From this point on record the voltage of the cells every 5 minutes 4 Carefully monitor the voltage of the low cells and as the voltage of each cell drops below termination value record the time 5 When the majority of the cell
115. supporting structure molded or cut to fit into the bottom of a ribless jar or container in order to pro vide sediment space under the element thereby preventing short circuits Burning The welding together of two or more lead parts such as plates straps connector by means of heat and in some cases addi tional metal supplied by a stick called a burning strip Burning Center The center to center dis tance between adjacent plates of the same polarity Burning Stick A lead stick of convenient size used as a supply of joining metal in lead burning Button The finished button shaped area produced on the top surface of a connector or terminal by the post burning operation Cadmium Cd A metallic element highly resistant to corrosion used as a protective plating on certain steel parts and fittings Cadmium Electrode A third electrode for separate measurements of the electrode potential of positive and negative plate groups Calcium Lead Alloy A lead base alloy that in certain applications can be used for battery parts in place of antimonial lead alloys Most common use is in stationary cells Capacity See AMPERE HOUR CAPACITY Capacity Test A test wherein the battery is discharged at constant current at room tem perature to a cutoff voltage of usually 1 70 volts cell Carbon Burning Outfit A metallic rod and insulated handle mounting a pointed carbon rod used for lead burning on service loca tions where
116. t Maximum Loss of Specific Gravity Per Day 004 003 001 0005 Temperature Degrees Fahrenheit 120 a freshening charge see Placing a Wet Charged Battery in Service should be given whenever the specific gravity falls below 1 240 If the average storage temperature is below 68 F 20 C check the specific gravity at least once every two months If the temperature is above 68 F 20 C check it every month Batteries in steel trays without covers should be covered with a non conductive material to protect them from dirt moisture etc A flat sheet of rigid plastic or plywood will work well Do not drape flexible plastic sheeting over batteries because it might trap explosive gases underneath Note If batteries must be stored for more than one year consult the manufacturer Placing a Wet Charged Battery in Service Give a freshening charge to a new battery before putting it into service On a relay controlled charger set the control to Daily Charge On a time controlled charger set it to 4 hours Charge the battery until the specific gravity and all cell voltages have stabilized The full charge specific gravity is 1 280 to 1 295 when temperature corrected to 77 F 25 C Ideally the battery should be cool less than 90 F 32 C when it s installed in the vehicle Check the manufacturer s specifications for full charge specific gravity on high gravity battery types When installing a battery make s
117. t of the cell or battery to the input required to restore the initial state of charge under specified condi tions of temperature current rate and final voltage Electrolysis Electrochemical reaction which causes the decomposition of a compound either liquid molten or in solution Electrolyte Any substance which disassoci ates into two or more ions when dissolved in water Solution of electrolyte conduct elec tricity and are decomposed by it In the battery industry the word electrolyte implies a dilute solution of sulfuric acid Electromotive Force EMF Electrical pres sure or potential expressed in terms of volts Element Assembly of a positive plate group a negative plate group and separators Equalizing Charge An extended charge which is given to a storage battery to insure the complete restoration of active materials in all the plates of all the cells Ferroresonant Charger A constant voltage power supply containing a special trans former capacitor combination which changes operating characteristics as current draw is varied so that the output voltage remains constant Filling Gravity The specific gravity of acid used in the filling of batteries Final Voltage The cut off voltage of a bat tery The prescribed voltage reached when the discharge is considered complete Finishing Rate The rate of charge expressed in amperes to which the charging current for some types of lead batteries is reduced near
118. te which has not been electrically formed it may be dry or moist cured or uncured soaked or unsoaked Useful Acid The volume of acid above the lower edges of the plates which takes part in the discharge reactions that occur within a cell Vacuum Cell Filler A device used to fill cells in the charging room in which a vacuum is used to withdraw the air displaced by the fill ing electrolyte Vent An opening provided to permit the escape of gas from a cell or mold Vent Assembly A cell venting device con sisting of a ceramic vent stone and filler funnel assembled on a threaded or a quarter turn bayonet base Vent Baffle A thin disc located in a vent cap or plug to deflect spray back into the cell Vent Cap See VENT PLUG Vent Plug The piece or assembly of pieces employed to seal the vent and filling well of a cell cover except for a small hole in the plug itself which permits the escape of gas Vent plugs are usually held in place either by threads or by a quarter turn catch bayonet vent plug or by a snap in fit Vent Well The hole or holes in a cell cover through which gas escapes fluids are added or the electrolyte level is checked The vent plug or vent assembly fits into the vent well Verticals The vertical bars of members or members in a pasted plate grid Volt The practical unit of measurement of electro motive force or potential difference required to send a current of one ampere through a resistance of o
119. th show the same voltage and that the six hour ampere hour capacity of the battery falls within the recharge range of the charger 3 The Battery Type Identification shown on the battery E EO should match the Battery Type Identification specified on the truck nameplate 4 Make sure that the battery SERVICE WEIGHT which is stamped below the lifting hole in the steel tray falls within the battery weight range shown on the truck nameplate East Penn Manufacturing Co Inc cannot be responsible for determin ing that the battery weight is sufficient to counterbalance your particular truck 5 The battery should receive an equalizing charge prior to placing the battery into service The battery shall be charged by using the supplied charger The equalizing charge is complete when the charger automatically terminates No other charger should be used unless approved by East Penn Doing so will void the warranty 6 The battery shall be placed on charge at the end of the work shift and the charge should continue until the charger terminates the charge automatically All vents should be unobstructed and securely tightened The steel tray cover or the truck compartment should be kept open during the entire duration of charge 7 Overcharging and undercharging a sealed gel electrolyte battery will greatly affect the life of the battery 8 Measuring the open circuit voltage provides a way to determine the state of charge of the battery The
120. the usual gas flame equipment is not available 45 Carboy A large cylindrical container or bottle of plastic or glass used to ship acid Cast To form a molten substance into a defi nite shape by pouring or forcing the liquid material into a mold and allowing it to solidify freeze Casting A metallic item such as one or more grids straps or connectors produced by pouring or forcing molten metal into a mold and allowing it to solidify Cell Storage A storage secondary cell is an electrolytic cell for the generation of elec tric energy in which the cell after being discharged may be restored to a charged condition by an electric current flowing in a direction opposite to the flow of current when the cell discharges Charged The condition of a storage cell when at its maximum ability to deliver cur rent The positive plate contains a maximum of lead peroxide and a minimum of sulfate while the negative plates contain a maximum of sponge lead and a minimum of sulfate and the electrolyte will be at maximum spe cific gravity Charged and Dry A battery assembled with dry charged plates and no electrolyte Charged and Wet A fully charged battery containing electrolyte and ready to deliver current Charging The process of converting electri cal energy to stored chemical energy In the lead acid system charging converts Lead Sulfate PbSO4 in the plates to Lead Peroxide PbO positive or Lead Pb neg ative
121. thout a hot asphalt based sealing compound that 15 poured in the channels between cells per customer request East Penn recommends that sealing compound be used because it prevents dirt and flushed electrolyte from draining between the cells and tray This internal build up of corrosive material over time could cause cell or tray damage and result in voltage shorts to ground that adversely effect lift truck electrical controls Once all the jars have been sealed into the tray intercell connectors are attached Fig l 10 Electrolyte is then added to the cells and the battery is moved to the boosting room for a final charge Battery Finishing and Shipping After the boost charge the battery is sent to the finishing line where cables and connectors are attached according to the buyer s layout specifications Fig 1 11 The battery is then weighed thoroughly cleaned and inspected Actual battery ser vice weight and the tray drawing number are stamped on the steel tray and all battery identification labels warning labels plaques and service stickers are affixed to the tray The finished battery is wrapped in plastic and palletized Shipping information and instructions are included with the bat tery before shipment and a corrosive label is attached to all wet containing electrolyte shipments All East Penn employees are extremely proud of the products that they produce You can be assured that the highest quality materi a
122. true reading corrected to 77 F 25 C The linear relation of specific gravity to state of discharge can be used in tests to determine power consumption or capacity required Tests of this kind can be made to demonstrate that a lift truck may require a larger capacity battery to do the job and can lead to the solution of a problem Specific Gravity During Recharge The rise in specific gravity during recharge is not uniform or pro portional to the amount charge returned in ampere hours During the early part of the charge there is no gassing action to mix the electrolyte with the heavier acid being released from the plates The heavier sulfuric acid will lay on the bottom A hydrometer reading which draws electrolyte from the top of the cell does not indicate the true specific gravity or actual state of charge During the gassing portion of the charge the sulfuric acid mixes and the specific gravity rises rapidly to full charge value SECTION I THEORY OPERATION BATTERY CONSTRUCTION OF LEAD ACID STORAGE BATTERIES cont Battery Construction Grid Casting Positive and Negative Grids A plate consists of a cast lead alloy grid structure into which lead oxide pastes are applied Since lead by itself would be too soft and flexible to make a grid a certain amount of antimony is added to the grid to prevent it from sagging or warping The grids are then cast by pouring the molten alloy into grid molds Negative Grid Pos
123. ure that the battery compart ment is clean corrosion free and the ventilation openings aren t obstructed or blocked off To lift the battery use a lifting beam and an overhead hoist see Lifting Batteries Section Il Set the battery securely in the compartment and block it into position Some vehicles have adjustable clips for blocking the battery into place The battery should not be wedged tightly into the compartment because clearance for expansion must be provided However clearance can t exceed 1 2 between the block or clip and the battery tray Fig 111 2 SECTION INSTALLATION AND USE cont Fig Ill 2 Be sure all vent caps are in place because electrolyte from uncapped cells can corrode the tray and vehicle Placing a Dry Charged Battery in Service Note The activation of dry charged batteries is an involved pro cess which should be handled by trained personnel For a thorough explanation refer to East Penn s Procedure for Activating Dry Charged Industrial Cells and Batteries which is supplied with every dry charge battery A dry charged battery is a fully charged battery from which all the electrolyte has been removed Because it s essential to keep these batteries in the dry state until ready for use they should be stored in a cool dry low humidity area with their vent caps and protector cap and plugs tightly in place until ready for use When reactivated install as described in Placing
124. uted solution of sulfuric acid and water Although the acid content in the solution is only about 37 it s still a strong corro sive agent and can burn skin and eyes and eat holes in many types of fabric See Wearing Protective Clothing Specific Gravity Reading Acid Content by Weight 1 280 37 40 1 290 38 55 1 325 42 50 Explosive Gases When a lead acid battery is being charged it produces an explosive mixture of hydrogen and oxy gen gases Make sure that all vent caps are unclogged and securely attached so that any gas is safely vented from the bat tery Never smoke use an open flame or create an arc or sparks on or near a battery without first eliminating explosive gases from the cells you re working on See Gas Purging Section VI Electricity An electric shock hazard exists for persons who contact live parts of batteries when the voltage is over 50 volts The higher the voltage the greater the electric shock hazard In addition metallic objects coming in contact with exposed cell connectors will cause a short and can become very hot Even shorts involving a single cell can become hot enough to cause severe burns Weight The average lift truck battery weighs more than 2 000 pounds Obviously it can cause serious injury if it isn t handled carefully during installation removal or transport Use proper lifting equipment and techniques at all times Wearing Protective Clothing When working on or near batteri
125. y Make certain that the DC voltage and ampere hour range of the charger match the nameplate information on the battery Depending on the type of service it will be necessary to give the battery an equal izing charge every one to four weeks Set the charger to the equalize position Type X Plates per Cell 645 6 Hr A H Rating 675 6 Hr A H Rating 975 1050 1125 1200 6105 6 Hr A H Rating 26 SECTION VI BATTERY REPAIR Repair or Replace It can be difficult to decide if a battery is worth repairing or if it should be replaced When you have to make this decision the most important things to consider are the battery s age cycle life and service history If the battery is only 1 or 2 years old 300 600 cycles if it hasn t been severely overcharged or overdischarged and if the estimated repair costs don t exceed 25 of the replacement cost then it should probably be repaired On the other hand if a battery has been on the job 3 or more years 900 or more cycles or has extensive damage requiring repairs totalling 2596 or more of the replacement cost it should probably be replaced CAUTION ONLY EXPERIENCED PERSONNEL SHOULD ATTEMPT BATTERY REPAIRS If you don t have an experienced battery repair person send the battery to your nearest authorized East Penn battery repair facility or arrange to have an East Penn service technician per form the repairs at your plant site BEFORE PERFORMING ANY REPAIRS
126. y exposure or other hazard Additional Information This product may not be compatible with all environments such as those containing liquid solvents or extreme temperature or pressure Please request information if considering use under extreme conditions or use beyond current product labeling SECTION 2 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION GHS Classification _________ Environmental O Physical Acute Toxicity Not listed NL Aquatic Toxixity NL NFPA Flammable gas hydrogen Eye Corrosion Corrosive during charging Skin Corrosion Corrosive CN NL Skin Sensitization NL EU NL Mutagenicity Carcinogenicity NL Reproductive Developmental NL Target Organ Toxicity Repeated NL as sulfuric acid GHS Label Valve Regulated Lead Acid Gel Battery Non Spillable Symbols Hazard Statements Precautionary Statements C Corrosive Contact with internal components may Keep out of reach of childern Keep cause irritation of severe burns containers tightly closed Avoid heat sparks Irritating to eyes respiratory system and open flame while charging batteries and skin Avoid contact with internal acid EMERGENCY OVERVIEW May form explosive air gas mixture during charging Contact with internal components may cause irritation or severe burns Irritating to eyes respiratory system and skin Prolonged inhalation or ingestion may result in serious damage to health Pregnant women exposed

0656 (Service Manual) - East Penn Manufacturing

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents