FDG-PET 検査における撮像技術に関するガイドライン
Contents
1. 2 2 10 0002. a 16 EFDG PET 425 FDG PET EDG PET
3. SS 437 FDG PET FE LOR
4. 2 10 000 10 Ni Nive x DI 25 Mae x 3 3 x 16 9 2 1 U S Nuclear Regulatory Commission Model procedures for calibration dose cahibrator Guide for the preparation of application for medical programs Washington DC U S Government Printing Office Regulatory Guide 10 8
5. mi FDG PET C 000 PR
6. 2 6 1 SF RE RR 9 300ml aa MBq 10 mGi 70 000 ml 5 3 kBq ml 0 14 mGi ml 59 370 MBq 60 000 ml 6 2 kBq ml s 4 4 2 es 116 3 MBq 3 14 mCi
7. 1 10 20 1 20 3 9 90 9 20 440
8. PET FDG PET CT PET CT PET CT PET CT NN dl Vol 27 No 5 2007 DD
9. Eee 4 FDG PET FDG PET
10. 2 CT CT PET 3 4 CT PET
11. 500 SO Me wave 90 ROD I sy i Riser sj ave j Rrori Rie 0 1
12. LOR Line of Response s Rebinning SSRB GN OR RT I SO OR 1 Mashed Span Single Slice LOR Coincidence Count 2 1 1 Dead Time Count Loss PET PET CT Prompt Coincidence Count True Coinc
13. random 2 3 2 8 1 PF 1 random 5 700 5mm 3 9 mm 7 0 10 2 13 4 16 6mm 3 9 mm 1 25 mm 70 cm 2 3 2
14. PET PET CT wx 0 1 TO Nl 4 Mm
15. 2 1 4 o F C 1 MBq MBq 1 4 b
16. i fi MI LOR SUV Standardized Uptake Value PET
17. EE 2 3 2 5 FDG PET FDG PET PET CT 1 2 1 E PET
18. 1 9 random 1 Crory 6 op mm 500 _ ror Ti Cror CT 2 92 3 Ta Ri Rec Ee Az RE 9 sa 2 2 4 MM
19. EM yn 137Cs oe WGa CT 3 1 1 ce 8Ga 7Cs 98Ge 68Ga SAC
20. FBP 4 22 000 cm gag 2 5 4 180 mm ROI Caor Asor CRor i Te 4Cd 7 77 Rror 4 Rg _ 4 Akor Re i 5 ae k 1
21. 438 4 1 FDG PET PFT
22. B 3 5 1 CT CT PET CT
23. 1 2 PET PET CT 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 4 FDG PET 4 1 4 2 PET PET CT tT TI 426 4 3 FDG PET 4 4 ME 1 PET Positron Emission Tomogra
24. 1 3 1 10 CT NF 1 100 LOR LOR
25. PET PET CT CT X PET PET CT
26. 20 cm 2 4 2 5 2 4 3 FBP OSEM RAMLA DRAMA 1
27. NYY 2 PET PFT CT PET PET PET CT NEMA IEC 4 PET PET CT
28. aave A dr V 4 1 7 Ra ZR Ro 4 3 Siot Cr c PET PET CT
29. 2 5 cm 2 Ee RO 3 432 2 4 4 1 2 cm ROD 1 cm 3 ROI C 7 ROI Max GO Min C Ave CO GG Max Min Ave ROI NU MC Max C Ave C
30. PET 4 2 2 1 PET PET CT D SUV _ PET 4 4 B
31. a Vol 27 No 5 2007 Dx An 100x ea 1 2 5 5 2 oan random 2 6 PET Extr 7 2 5 3
32. ww CT SAC Segmented Attenuation Correction 2 SAC 2 i oat PET CT PET nM
33. Daily QC 444 mm Vol 27 No 5 2007 C PET PET CT PET PET PET CT PET PET a SF 5 10 cm 50 FBP
34. FBP CT 1 2 7 4 2 15 cm PET CT 2 20 cm PET CT 2 15 cm PET CT DW 1 mm
35. 9 CT FOV PET FOV CT
36. 1 4 3 2 0 2mm 4 8 0 2 100 mm 800mm 203 8 mm 700 5 mm 2 1 3 0 96 0 01 45 1mm FBP 2 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 27 6
37. E 9 2 1 1 SF 9 random 5 1 mm 5 2 mm Vol 27 No 5 2007 y y
38. RR RIANA CT 3 3 MA NR CT 1
39. a Rcorr 2 Rcorr o mx Reorr AcokkoX exp zzX2X 2 3 4 10 cm oss o _ Rcorr o Sor A 4 RGoRrR 1 i Rcork ii St Rcorr 1 2 8 5 10 cm cps kBq
40. PET PET Ut I PET PET CT 260 mm 650 mm 500 mm 7 5 mm jine of re sponse NU 2 2001 f
41. PET el nn al Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA E NU 2 19945 Nation JESRA X 735 JESRA X 0073 A 2005 JESRA X 0073 A 2005 PET PET CT FTFDG 2 1H PET NU 2 2001 TESRA X 73 RI PET CT A 2006 19 E10
42. Ge Ga BB 1 85 MBq E 3 E 3 451 YH 1 E L E E R 7Cs SF 1 FDG PET
43. volume Aswe volume 1 FDG PET 1 HalELife To HE Seconds Minutes Days C 11 N 13 O 15 F 18 Ge 68 1 223 4 598 2 122 2 6 586 2 23 398 848 0 389 980 8 20 4 10 0 2 0 109 8 270 8 2 PET PET CT PET E HH NU 2 20019
44. PET 1 FDG PET 2 3 5 7 10 11 19 42 4 1 22 2005 http wwwJjsnm org files pdf guideline fdg_guide2 pdf 16 PET FDG PET ea 42 2 1 26 2005 http www jsnm org files pdf guideline pet anzen gl pdf 41 1 i xxiv 2004 SRA TI 0001 1994 PET 1994 National Electrical Manufacturers Association NEMA Standards Publication NU 2 1994 Perform ance Measurement of Positron Emission Tomog raphs Washington DC 1994 National El
45. SDi 7 ROI K 60 Gu ROI Cg 5 37 mm 2 6 5 Vol 27 No 5 2007 30 cm
46. 4 3 FDG PET PET
47. CT PET FOV CT PET 3 2 1 PET ne 9 CT ip oo CT II
48. 511 keV E 2 39 CT CT CT nN 2 Vol 27 No 5 2007 CT CT 3 1 3
49. PET PET CT 445 FDG PET random d PF CGC 1 4 ul CU
50. 5 PET or PET CT scanner Background ECAT biograph Hot Sphere EXACT ACGrr biograph 16 Xe 1 4 47 a Aquiduo 8 Background COV 5 4 4 1 2 6 2 1 3 0 6 9 10 4 6 6 37 mm Backeround COV 9 8 4 9 2 8 7 0 11 2 11 9 9 8 10 mm Hot contrast 22 mm 64 8 37 2 41 0 65 0 69 0 65 8 36 0 26 4 Hot contrast 10 mm 13 7 1 1 12 0 22 0 20 0 17 8 8 0 0 4 Cold contrast 44 8 57 0 51 0 54 0 85 0 61 3 58 0 57 1 37 mm Average a DG 42 3 44 3 31 0 34 0 16 0 30 2 59 6 B PET PET CT PET _ X
51. 1 10 FWTM Full width at Tenth Maxi mum Two Dimensional Acquisition 1 10 x H 2z1 Three Dimensional Acquisition Vol 27 No 5 2007 1 Scatter Fraction SF El
52. 4 2 PET PET CT PET PET CT CT X CT CT 4 2 1 1 PET PET CT
53. 100 6 Ave C X NU Ave C Min C Ave C Max Ave O Ave Q BR 100xAve O Min O Ave O 2 4 5 VOO MC random 2 5 2 2 5 1 SF H 1 3 9 0 2mm 4 8 0 2 800 mm
54. 370 MBq 60 000 ml 135 7 MBq 3 67 mCi 13 mm n FDG PET 4 6 mm 10 13 17 22 28 37 0 30 0 10 g ml 50 2mm 4mm 4 2 2 6 2 3 mm E i 100
55. 9 lt oe WGa 7Cs PostInjecton Transmission Scan Simultaneous Emission and Transmission Scan Ge WGa 436 3 1 2 CT CT Hounsfield Unit HU CT
56. FDG PET 1 4 FDG PET Ne i
57. MBq LN 4 MBq mve kBq ml 2D 3D q 5 4 SII 6 g 1 34 2 35 3 36 4 37 5 38 6 39 7 40 8 41 9 42 10 43 11 44 19 45 13 46 14 47 15 48 16 49 17 50 18 51 19 52 20 53 21 54 22 55 23 56 24 57 25 58 26 59 27 60 28 61 29 62 30 63 31 32 4 Si 9 4 33 YX 448 Vol 27 No 5 2007 PET PET H TE X MBq kcps random 26 2D 3D 2 AO NU
58. MBq g 454 Vol 27 No 5 2007 O OO Na 3 70 kBq 2006 1 10 30 000 counts 2006 3 31 1 BG counts BG cpm cpm cpm cpm cpm 29935 30281 29589 29913 30259 29567 29891 30237 29545 29869 30215 29524 29848 30193 29502 29782 30128 29437 29761 30106 29416 29739 30084 29394 29717 30062 29373 29696 30040 29351 29631 29975 29287 29610 29954 29265 29588 29932 29244 29566 29910 29223 29545 29889 29201 29480 29824 29137 29459 29802 29116 29438 29781 29094 29416 29759 29073 29395 29738 29052 29331 29673 28988 29309 29652 28967 29288 29630 28946 29267 29609 28925 29245 29587 28903 29182 2
59. 2 PET CT CT 5 yer i en X CT Z 4752 2 6 3 PET CT PET PET CT 2 EX
60. C 430 random 1 cq 7 3 2 9 5 8 2 4 3 1 2 90 mm Vol 2
61. 2 FDC PET 92005 PET IT EFDG PET PET PET CT FDG PET
62. D Gung 2 7 PET CT PET CT 2 7 1 FEF Ge Ga 10 random 10 60 cm E 92 7 3
63. random 2 4 3 9 mm 10 431 FDG PET 2 4 1 PF 5
64. 1 10 3 2 2 10 cm 2 1 5 1 10 RS 2 1 1 mm 2 2 1 2 1 2 SF 1 cm 10 cm 10cm 1 1
65. 1 4 55 1 2 2 1 cm RES RES RESx _ y 1 center RESy 0 y 1 center RES X 0 oy RESy 0 1 1 4FOV RESz 0 y 1 center RESz 0 y 1 1 4FOV 2 4 10 cm RES RES RES RESx 1lo 0 center RESy 6 y 10 center T RES 10 0 1 4FOV F RESy o y 10 1 47OV RESy 10 y 0 z center RES 0 y 10 z center 4 RESy 10 y 0 2 1 4FOV RESx 10 z 1 4FOV RESzx 10 0 2 center 4 RESz 0 y 10 center RESz 10 0 1 4rov RESz 0 y 10 1 4rOV 4 429 FDG PET 3
66. 27 425 456 2007 FDG PET IFDG PET SC 4405 GE
67. 9 Appendix C 1987 http www nrc gov 2 International Electrotechnical Commission Nuclear medicine instrumentation Routine tests Part 1 Radiation counting systems IEC technical report 61948 1 IEC Geneva 2001 3 Nuclear Medicine Section Division of Life Sciences International Atomic Energy Agency Quality control of nuclear medicine instruments 1991 IAEA IECDOC 602 IAEA Vienna 1991 http www iaea or at 452 Vol 27 No 5 2007 O OO O O 197C 3 70 MBq 2006 1 10 BG BG SF 06 04 09 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 04 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 05 9 68 9 86 3 50 06 04 06 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 07 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 10 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 11 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 12 3 68 9 86 3 50 06 04 13 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 14 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 17 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 18
68. 7 px pry 100 1 Extr 1 plU0 1 PET IESRA X 78 A 2005 2005 2 PET IESRA X 73 1993 3 PET ESRA TL0001 1994 1994 4 International Electrotechnical Commission Nuclear medicine instrumentation Routinc tests Part 3 Positron emission tomographs IEC technical report 61948 3 IEC geneva 2005 446 Vol 27 No 5 2007 PET
69. 3 2 7 5 3 9 mm 2 7 2 40 cm X30 cm 30 cm 5 5 60 cm 30 cm 2 30 em 5 435 PET CT mm 3 PET
70. Dr Dr D7 1 17 33 49 2 18 34 50 3 19 35 51 4 20 36 59 5 21 37 53 6 99 38 54 7 23 39 55 8 24 40 56 9 25 41 57 10 26 42 58 11 27 43 59 12 28 44 60 13 29 45 61 14 30 46 62 15 31 47 63 16 39 48 450 PET Vol 27 No 5 2007 ave kBq ml Dr Dr Dr ON R00 D FDG PET 1 E a ON Re T
71. 1 33 2 34 3 35 4 36 5 37 6 38 7 39 8 40 9 41 10 42 1 43 19 44 13 45 14 46 15 47 16 48 17 49 18 50 19 51 20 52 21 53 22 54 9 24 56 95 57 26 58 97 59 28 60 29 61 30 62 31 63 32 NU 449 FDG PET PET PET H VW ml TE MBq 2D 3D 1 Dr Dr Dr Dr 1 17 33 49 2 18 34 50 3 19 35 51 4 20 36 59 5 21 37 53 6 22 38 54 7 23 39 55 8 24 40 56 9 25 41 57 10 26 42 58 11 97 43 59 19 28 44 60 13 29 45 61 14 30 46 62 15 31 47 63 16 39 48 9 Dr
72. 12 cm Ao 0 Ti 7 Cror 2 20 mm Cy Cri 40mm 1 2
73. Se 3 5 FDG PET 9 CBranching Fraction 3 6 LOR LOR 3 7 LOR
74. 12 60 12 ROI 10 13 17 22 28 mm ROI 1cm 2 cm 4 10 13 17 22 28 37 mm ROI 19 30 2 mm ROI ROI O7 2 Oz NM Qn 100 0 100 N 100 K Cs k Cg 2 ACung X100 B i Cg Ce 7 ROI Cg 7 ROI gz gg
75. cm 60 60 3 2 6 3 2 6 4 15 mm 37 mm ROI 12 F AT FI ROI 434 ROI 5
76. 203 3 mm 700 5 mm 0 96 0 01 45 1mm mm 2 5 2 27 1 4 55 1 2 1 9 random 1 500
77. PET 61 1 42 54 2005 Xu M Luk WK Cutler PD et al Local Threshold for Segmented Attenuation Correction of PET Imaging of the Thorax IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 41 4 1532 1537 1994 Smith R Karp JS Bnard F et al A comparison of segmentation and emission Subtraction for singles IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 45 3 Pee i transmission in PET 1212 1218 1998 Visvikis D Cheze LeRest C Costa DC Influence of OSEM and segmented attenuation et al correction in the calculation of standardised uptake values for F FDG PET Fur J Nucl Med 28 9 1326 1335 2001 7Cs PET 62 2 289 296 2006 RR Goerres GW Hany TF Kamel EF et al Head and neck imaging with PET and PET CT artifacts from 27 28 29 30 31 FDG PET dental metallic implants 367 370 2002 Goerres GW Ziegler SL Burger C et al Artifacts at PET and PET CT cause
78. PET RT ui am TE HHT MBq 2D 3D FWHM mm z 5 lt z g 1 33 2 34 3 35 4 36 5 37 6 38 7 39 8 40 9 41 10 42 11 43 12 44 13 45 14 46 15 47 16 48 49 18 50 19 51 20 52 21 53 22 54 23 55 24 56 25 57 26 58 27 59 28 60 29 61 30 62 31 63 32 447 FDG PET PET PET VW ml TE X
79. 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 19 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 20 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 21 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 24 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 25 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 26 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 27 3 68 3 86 3 50 06 04 28 9 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 01 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 02 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 09 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 04 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 05 9 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 08 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 09 9 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 10 9 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 11 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 12 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 15 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 16 9 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 17 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 18 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 19 9 67 9 85 3 49 06 05 22 3 67 3 85 3 49 06 05 29 9 67 9 85 3 49 05 24 06 3 67 3 85 3 49 05 25 06 3 67 3 85 3 49 ce 5 453 tl FDG PET ul 18F MBq E hr q MBq
80. 4 4 al ep 2 Zn Ts Ao mvs 4 7 7 jn 2 h ep 2 Radioactivity Concentration Cave ml Average Radioactvity 4 A 2 1 Scatter Coincidence Count 1 Bl 427
81. 7 No 5 2007 3 Se 4 4 10 cm 5 92 3 3 5 2 2 6 H Reo gi RX 2 T TT 22 000 cm
82. 9523 28840 29160 29502 28819 29139 29481 28798 29118 29459 28777 29097 29438 28756 29033 29374 28692 29012 29353 28672 28991 29332 28651 28970 29310 28630 28949 29289 28609 28886 29226 28546 28865 29205 28525 28844 29183 28504 28823 29162 28483 7 455 FDG PET O O O OO Na kBq_ BG N Ni Neve 1 Nave 2 BG 3 AM 4 x 5 3 3 xX 16 9 6 7 8 9 10 456
83. d by metallic hip prosthetc material Radiology 226 2 577 584 2003 Nehmeh SA Erdi YE Kalaigian H et al Correction for Oral Contrast Arifacts in CT Attenuation Correcton PET Images Obtained by Combined PET CT J Nucl Med 44 12 1940 1944 2003 Nakamoto Y Osman M Cohade C et al PET CT comparition of quanttative tracer uptake between Eur J Nucl Med 29 3 Germanium and CT transmission attenu atiOn corrected images J Nucl Med 43 9 1137 43 2002 Ratib O PET CT hmage Navigation and Communi cation J Nucl Med 45 suppl 1 46S 55S 2004 Osman MM Cohade C Nakamoto Y et al Respir atory moton artfacts on PET emission images obtained using CT attenuation correction on PET CT Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 80 588 596 442 32 2003 Tung Hsin Wu Tieh Chi Chu Yung Hui Huang et al A positron emission tomography computed tomography PET CT acquisitton protocol for CT radiation dose optmization Nucl Med Commun 26 4 323 330 2005 33 Yamamoto S Amano M Miura S et al Deadtme 34 35 36 correction method using random coincidence for PET J Nucl Med 27 12 1925 1928 1986 5 PET International Electrotechnical Commission Nu clear medicine instrumentation Routime tests Part 3 Positron emission tomographs IEC tech nical report 61948 3 IEC
84. duo LS 8 Radial Position 1 cm 0 cm CI Orientaton Transverse resolution 4 4 6 2 6 2 6 6 4 6 6 3 3 5 5 5 4 5 mm Axial resolution 5 1 5 2 5 7 5 8 5 1 7 0 5 7 5 0 5 6 5 7 mm 2 PET or PET CT scanner ECAT ECAT biograph Advance EXACT EXACT ACT biograph 16 Dscoen PSCOvery a Br CPET HR 47 Aquiduo LS 8 Scatter OO 46 9 49 8 46 3 47 0 34 1 47 1 45 0 50 0 40 0 35 0 0 0 PeakNEC s7 0 22 2 68 0 444 84 8 19 2 6e 2 62 3 30 0 14 0 rate kcps Peak NEC me94ct jo es 220 147 287 72 149 98 93 s8 2O1C kBq ml 3 PET or PET CT scanner ECAT ECAT biograph Advance EXACT EXACT ACT biograph 16 Discovery Te 22 CETO CPET HR 47 Aquiduo LS 8 Sensitivity 7 0 cm 6 7 6 0 6 4 6 1 4 9 9 0 18 2 44 3 0 cps kBq 4 PET or PET CT scanner ECAT ECAT biograph Advance EXACT EXACT AGEET biograph 16 Discovery em ox ee CPET HR 47 Aquiduo LS 8 Average Telative error peak 6 9 6 3 12 9 40 4 0 1 9 4 0 15 5 NEC rate 443 FDG PET
85. ectrical Manufacturers Association NEMA Standards Publication NU 2 2001 Perform ance Measurement of Positron Emission Tomog raphs Rosslyn VA 2001 Mi ESRA X 73 PET 1993 hb ESRA X 73 A 2005 PET 2005 PET Radioisotopes 43 9 115 135 1994 Herzog H Tellmann L Hocke C et al NEMA NU2 2001 guided performance evaluatiion of four Siemens ECAT PET scanners IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 51 5 2662 2669 2004 Erdi YE Nehmeh SA Mulnix T et al PET Performance measurements an LSO based combined PET CT scanner using the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2 2001 standard Nucl Med 45 5 813 821 2004 Brambilla M Secco C Dominietto M Performance characteristics obtained for a new 3 for et al dimensi
86. geneva 2005 2 6 X CT Z 4752 2 6 2001 A 2006 10 18 Gemini PET PET CT Philips E Gem Vol 27 No 5 2007 ini GXL 1 FWHM PET or PET CT scanner ECAT ECAT biograph Advance EXACT EXACT AGEET biograph 16 IO em ox ee CPET HR 47 Aqui
87. idence Count 1 Random Coincidence Coun0 RY Noise Equivalent Count Rate NECR Attenuation Attenuaton coefficient Initial Radioactivity 4 7p Ta 4 A 7
88. onal lutetium oxyorthosilicate based whole 441 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Vol 27 No 5 2007 body PET CT scanner with the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2 2001 standard J Nucl Med 46 12 2083 2091 2005 Daube Witherspoon ME Karp JS Casey ME et al PET performance measurements using the NEMA NU 2 2001 standard J Nucl Med 43 10 1898 1409 2002 Bettunardi V Danna M Savi A et al Performance evaluation of the new whole body PET CT scanner Discovery ST Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31 6 867 881 2004 Matsumoto K Kitamura K Mizuta T Performance characteristics of a new 3 dimensional et al continuous emission and spiral transmission high sensitivity and high resolution PET camera evalu ated with the NEMA NU 2 2001 standard J Nucl Med 47 1 83 90 2006 Surti S Karp JS dimensional GSO whole body PET camera Med 45 6 1040 1049 2004 Gregory R Partridge M Flower MA Performance evaluation of the Philips gemini PET CT system IEEE Trans Nucl Sci 53 1 93 101 2006 Adam LE Karp S Daube Witherspoon ME et al Performance of a whole body PET scanner using J Nucl Med 42 12 Imaging characteristics of a 3 J Nucl curve plate Nal T1 detectors 1821 1830 2001
89. ph PET CT Positron Emission Tomograph Computed Tomograph PET X PET CT Field of View FOV PET Count Rate Sinogram Transaxial Plane Axial Field of View AFOV Sensitivity cps Bq Axial Directon Profile of Sensitivity FWHM Full width at Half Maximum
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