学術調査研究班報告
Contents
1.2.
3. dynamic range testing in performance evaluation program 8 b O O O REGIUS Model 150 REGIUS Model 0 2 3 00 0 90000 FCR3000 FCRXG 1 00 O O 000 CR900 Od DUDU Doo 000090000 Fis 4 Table 6 a 2 2 OOOO 00 0 bO O Fig 400 0 XU uuu 2 2 1 70 0011000 1 70 24 0 2 Un 0 0 1 0 0 2 4 1 000 0 0 1 0 0
4. 0o00 0 70 01010000 0 290 00 O 0 29 00 0 29 10 0 00 0 26 0 00 O 206 7 690 0 26 0 00 000 0 200 0 0 20 710 0 20 0 00 O 000 730 1 15 6 660 0 15 D 0 15 10 000 00 0 33 0 00 O 0 33 0 00 0 33 10 00000 0 10 00 O 0 10 0 0 0 10 0 00 O 00 0 1 8 2 7 0 28 50 0 0 7 1 0 0 7 0 OO 3 40 2 149 2A40 1 429 0 0 140 717 DU 0 0 1 7 0 B 00 0 0 0 010 0 2 29 6 89 0 29 1 00 0 010 2 2
5. D UD D U D 0 0 80 0 070 001 0 001000 FCR9000 0 0 01000 00100 0 FCR9000 0 001000 1 08 00100000 95010 1 0 0 80 001000 0 FCR3000 0 1 1100 00 0 000 REGIUS 1500 1 0 00100 10 D UD REGIUS 1500 10 D natu poo REGIUS 1500 10 D odo D Uu CR900 0 3 DR CR TI SIDI Fig 5b 4 5 200 70kV 200mA 0 50sed 5 39150 1 DR 51 x 1 3 CR 3 1 6 DR 3 DR 7 4 CR Sn 12 3 7 33 So en CR Table13 CR DR I I REGIUS 3 0 2 I 1 DR D7 3 1 1 x UD150B 30 T k DR I CR FCR9000 No 10 FL IM
6. oo 0000 0 0 1 70 0 1 0 1170 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 09 ooo 70 ooo 3 3 0 0 ooo 70 ooo 70 A 1010 4 75 1 013 2 96 0 022 0 1 4385 343 0 116 10 30 8 0 996 5 12 1 000 2 55 0 046 0 1 4443 31 08 0 104 1413 1 039 4 91 0 996 1 81 0 058 0 1 4 000 0 0 100 0 1 005 8 36 1 004 1 20 E 1 002 1 80 0 981 5 51 0 015 0 1 3 792 6 78 0 080 14229 3 0 1010100100 3000000000 8 36 5 51 34 30 14 29 300 2 14 TI 2 1 42 10 T T I 0 20 T I 6m 6 181 M LE TI T I OLD 10 0 01 1 Fig 77 3 7 33 CR T 1 Fig a Fig 9 10 20 Table 15 Table 1600 20030 10
7. 00 00000 y 101 ENANA EHHE 7 FED CE EMH RHEE 2 HMA HE y ae 255 27171 ULE X h594 FICK DHE NE Fig 1 Outline of quality assurance program for CR systems Table 3 Equipments and characteristics to be tested in quality as surance program for CR systems 000000 Du 00 600 1 0 10x0 0 0 0 00 0 din O en 10 0 0 0 00080800000 1 0 1 70 2060 D 000 1 en 10 00 11 0070607 90 10 0 40 1 0 30000000 bOCRO QC Phantom for Digital Radiography gt Di 2 5 4 t Q O Table 4 Quality control program for CR systems NES O c 669 ore m UDUD 0 0 0 0 0 080 ON 6415 4 Ne 3 j es MER 5 00000000
8. computed radiography CROO 10 19 TI assurance QA CR T 111 2003 10 98 0 70 8 Table 1 Recommended tolerance levels in acceptance testing of CR systems by AAPM TG10 Uu utu u aatttltl 1100 0 000800 1 0 4 70 E lt 0 012mR E lt 3 1x10 C kgQ0 D GE E lt 10 0o00
9. T XX 20l x 3011 2 1 2 Fujifilm Medical Systems Eastman CR Kodak AAPM Task Group No 10 T D K Eastman Kodak CR CR AT CR I CR CR T CR T I X CR 2 80 2 1 5 2 1 1 CR CR T T T T T CR Fig 1 CR T 27 X CR 10cmx 10cm I 1 20 5 x 80kV 3mmA A 0 50 1 09 10mR 5 CR Table 3 x X CRI X I 0 050 0 10 0 100 SOD 10 5 X 80kV 3002 AM 0 5 1 1 BH S 2 1 3 CR 2 I ODA 07D DRI I CR 1 1 1 CR I X CR 1 I Table 4 CR Fig 2 1 20 CR 0 590 010
10. Di Da Os Da Ds De 57 DRI CR 1 CR I Fuji Konica Kodak Fig 3 31 D7 Fuji Ol 1023 L 4 011 E E 1 CR E c Y CR 0 Fuji 0 255 511 767 QL 1023 CR SI Sn 5 0 08 0 1023 2047 3071 4096 Sol 01 70 Kodak PIXEL VALUE D70 DU 1 Fig 3 Dynamic range of CR systems Table al 80kV 3mmA T No 19 No 100 1 DR No 10 AAPM 80kV 3mmA 0 501 1 00171 SN T 0 05 DR No 10 50 m I Qmean 0 I Qmean BIT an ROI I Qsd 8 O Qmean n Qmean B Qsd 811 SIDI 1800 250 1 dT DR DR 70kV 2 31 DR 2 SIDI 1501 SID CR 3 1 Fig 5b 1 2 1 4 2 1 5
11. MTF SN TI signal to noise retio T O T Pehamed DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung T CR AEC Automatic Exposure Control T 7 1 2 CR CR Table 2 T DIN 1 1 ODA 07D DIN DRI TJI DIN CR ap 1 CR Nuclear Associates 0590 010 Jepoy ueunse3 jeipei wyn 5938 3055 Je PNN 20030 10 1001 AJENO AOL mampang wiqueyd JOYS T
12. gt gg on 10 y 15 1 T 1 DR 10 20 AAPM 4 cR 10 2 m 1 1 E a El T cR d lig g 5 2 CR cR CR om m X 2 1 1 e 1 20 X CR e T 1 T 11 O T e DR DRI X DR X e CR T 7 20030 10 116 0 0 0 1 Sonoda M Takano M Miyahara et al Computed radi og 4 Seibert J A et al Acceptance testi ng and quality control of raphy utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence Ra photosti mul abl e phosphor imaging systems Report of the diology 148 833 838 19830 American Association of Physicists in Medicing ask
13. Fig 6 Quality control charts of a CR system equipment Fuji FCR 9000 institution University Hospital of 0590 010 e e 5 E E 2 2 Y e E xS e S e AK 0 8 73 0 3 522 gt R um RE AE 7 75585 OFRENE 5 g S S KA S SS gt Occupational and Environmental Health 14 1 2 1 08 06 04 NS uet uS um um um ESE FH EE PEE Sos 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 15 0 1 0 05 0 08 0 06 0 04 0 02 Pd 10 y CREDO DO DD OD O 00D 00D 00000000000 0 7 7 1 2 0 8 06 04 o e amp l Lel a a ue SK WALI RSyZU LT 14 12 a DLP I I E I 7 ME RU A 0 6 04 gt HY 9 e 9 2 L 2 PP PP
14. CROOUUOUU00U0000000U000000000000000 0 0 Table 7 Testing protocols for Fuji FCR systems Hn od OOOO 7 0 1 aa 0 30000 D matrix size 167020100 gray level 10bits pixel size 15000 01 0 2 70 0 sec 20x0 0 0 1 0 500 1 O O 085 507 2000 0 0 mast 1 0 SIDO 150 110 0000000000000 109 1612 10 0000000 40 0 68 581850 9 100100 0 CR model O0000000 D Semi auto mode LO 4 00 O 0 O O O IPO 0 0 5cmx5cnq O O 0080000000 Digital output 00 0000000 00 51100 30660 O OO 0 O00 000 TEST gt AVE4 0 gt SEMIS SEMI KSSEMI B 0 00 D ave 1 2 O00000M0000000000 10 100 9 10 100000000000 0000 00000000120 000000 An 1 00 GTO AQ REQ 0 9200 1 70 00 0 QO00000 GAQ 1 00 GTQ AQ GCO 1 2 RNO RTO 0 REQ O 00 O0000000 GAO 2 00 GTO AQ GCO 1 20 RNO 70 RTO UO RED 1 0 epg00000 0000 GAL 2 00 6 GCO 1 20 RNO 10 RTO REQ 0 2 5 2 REGIUS 2 6 REGIUS CR Table 8 2 5 3 CR x CR CR Table9 Table 12 2 5 4 DR CR m al CR 1 I Table 10 T D PMT 2 5 5 CR DR I ROI X CR I TI ROI LL 2 5 1 GTI I
15. Table 5 Radiation qualities and SIDs for quality assurance program of CR systems dodo 0 00 t 0 000000000 800 00 0 3 O 0000 8080 00 1 180 250cm uggagaaaatdttutlltl 0 5mmCuf 0 00 0 170 708 0 0110 20 100 0 590 0 10 2 1 1 1 8 y 103 Fig 4 Geometry for uniformity testing exposure indicator calibration testing and linearity and
16. 1 00 00000000000000000000 1 2 0 1 0 0000 00 custom 1 APO O 0 Off E V P Off 2 1 O O O Raw 68 60 O O 080 100 1 0 00 6 D Custom il OO O O 0 Off E V P Off o000000 D Custom 1 X Table 00 2 00 0000000 000000 5 LDB 1 09 HDB 1 0 EVP Off 0000000000 D Customig Othe 002000000000 000000 K 350 LDB 1 09 HDB 1 0 EVP Off 106 00 00 10000000 200 00 30CR0 0 40CRO D 00 0 10000000 20x0 0 30CRO 0 46 600 y 10 B uiu 6 1 Table 10 Standard testing procedures for quality control program 0000 D 0 0 Soo 5 5005 50 5 8670 000000000 500 Snap 0000000 SOU Senn O OU 0 55 0 000 100 80 p7nn 000000000 x 7 0 0 1 4 a 0 8077070 xo 507 00 D 00 1 0 10 0 00 n 0 009000 970 1 12 ennnun e000000000000000000000000000000N 000 0 0 800 101 1 4 1101 0 Nd
17. 0 0 0 184898000800 1780000 200 Kodak 0 0 0 2000010 E C C E E C C B 0 0000 0 0 1000 IDO gt 10 paga gon o ag a a oa 3 1 111 068 1 10 780 OOOO CRO 1 50 1 0010101000 80 0 0 HD au SO 0 00005 paga gd gt 1 0 00 0 0011100 DRE EL UI 50 4 D10 3711111001 XO 1 000 080 DO 0 0 0 1 70 OO D10 D70 poo 1 D1 1111 1 xm 000 1 D70 OO oo OO Od 0 080 O O 2 O 2 0 0 0 T IP X O O O O ID uat O CRO O 001100 no 1 uuu uu OO OO O0 OO 010 O O 10017 O 4 OO ux oo 2 5 0 1 1 1 1 000 8 0 2 5 1 FCROOO X I 0 050 100mR TI 00000008 FCR D 0 0 1 1 7 01 00 6 70 Od ut 0 00 0 0 0 104 01 10 00 00
18. 000000000010 10 9 0 0 1 0 00409 GAN 1 09 0 1 0 0 120 O000000000 ec o0000 7 0 00000060 O 1 09 LUTO LIN 010 FO O D OFFO OO 0012000000 Digital output O O 00 204700 00000000 O0000000000000000 608 0 1 1 1 4 0 O0000000 ec 0 1 1 1760 00 O00000000 0 207 50 20000000 111100 B1 282 1 0 9 0 00 9 0 0000 376020000000 0 0 O 0 32 61 62 1 0 Table 9 Testing protocols for Kodak CR systems go 00 707 1 17 0 0 0 oO e 0 a a CJ O 0 0806 7568 IX matrix size 2048x2500 gray level 12bits pixel size 1150 0 00 0 9 0 sec 08 4 0 0 20000 O 0 mast 0000 10000000 SID 150 0 O O 100 1or 120 10 000000 D c4 or 60 58160 9 0 11100 1 1 OO0000 0 0 CR model 0 0 9 0 0 Custom19 APO 110 00 0 0 10040400000 0 00100 0 0 O Pixel 0 1110 0 70
19. 0 1 0 5 lt 51 0 0 0000 lU uut 0 0 Emeasured 1 lt 10 0 00 o 1 1 0 0 0 3 gt 100 0 0000 lt 5 000 08000000 0010 0 00010 70 000000 lt 23 0 00000 0 0 7 0 Rhor fNyquist lt 0 9 Rver fNyquist O 9 0010 0 R43 1 4100 0 9 00 1 0 1 0 1 0000 095 000 0 00000000 1 0 U C U 000000000 amb 000000 900 OO dm dop do lt 20 1 0 000 809 ED 0 012111 E lt 3 1x10 C kg00 0 00 0 080 0000000 GE E lt 10 0 70 0 0 0 0 1 1 7 08 0 008 00 000 ODD 0 Tm TO yTO 10 o UO Tono 00 0 000 X Performance evaluation of computed radiography systems Med Phys2B 300 30 1 O O O 1 O Or
20. 4 1001 45341 3 Z3 43594 48060062 16101 0000 000 00000000 0 o 20000000 U2pZXuDgT WIEPXUIGE o 00000000 o 0 o 00000000 o 0 0 00108 0 8 08 WILUQTE UOTE o 0 o 0000 wwozzxuwozz 1 ZZ gt LULUB ZZ 0000000 00000000 0 ost 0 10 000 000000000 00000 00000005 ost 00000 00 000 Led Os 9910 D Qusoe 000 28 1 6 0 00 0 uwor lt D 10 Oz 065 000066 amp uuoczo 7707 Dor 000000000 19 000000000 000000000 00 sula s s YD JO e ueunsse 10 suoqueyd snoueA lt 81981 0 dorsuwavv D 0 dorsuwavv D 00 1 0 0 000 0 08 ud 0 0 Bana 00 0000 0 0 HEH 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0000 070 0 000 000000 000 uo du ogte ND 089 00 SWOT daoL 0 000 59 oos U 00 6 1 171080 100 101 1 00 0 00 0
21. 100mR Energy Response 50 0 20keV 100 0 590 010 y 105 ngagagi 1 2w 1 2w 1 2w 1 2w
22. sod 015 0 09 TD 200 10 61 0 0 Oo O v 3000000 O 40000000000 O 800000 9 A 50 0 6 7 5 700 710 0 D7 C Ds De GR study arup Fig 2 Illustration of QC Phantom for Digital Radiogra phy DR Phantom 20030 10 102 0 7080
23. 0 Semi auto model LO O 1 00 QAD 0 0 00 IPO O O 0 10cm 0 000 10emadocnt n 0 O SO xlocpQ 000000000 00 000302015 10000000 0 8000 0 0 000 OOO OO 5 x 00000000 U 51 20 0000000020 1090 30CR0 O 0000000000 10 50 300 n 00000000 40 LO O 4 00 GAN 4000 00000000100000 0000000 1 0 poo 00 5 01 1 xp 0000 00 GAO 1 00 GTO AQ REQ 00 O0O000 GO O 4 00 LUTO LiN 019 0 9 0 0000000000 OFFOOOO 50 1 1 1708 0000 1200000000S00 0000 0000000 0 01s0 1 05 000 0 0 ooisp 1 05 40000 100mR 0 100mR E Energy Response 50 9 20keV 100 G Energy Response 50 0 20keV 100keV 0000 0000 880 8008900 1000000 0000 O SPPQ D matrix size 2048x2048 gray level 12bits pixel size 168unq 000000 0 X0 0 0 80 000 3mmAlg 7 SIDO 300cm 9 0 1111010 1 00 1 1 4 0 20x0 0 0 e0000000000 9 1100000 70 00000 1 80 0 0 0 8 00 0 0 OO O O O 01 0 D D 6000000000000 b 00000 09 00 1 0 6 70 G patem APOOOOOO000000 10 0 0 00 1080 305 1000 1 eppo000000 10 59 309 0 9 1 0 0 0 118870 1 0 UO O PatempAP 00000 Off E V P Off Raw 680 000000 0 UO O 00150 1 05 400 0 0 0 1
24. 2 Same E Seibert JA Willis CE et al Performance evalua Group No 10 tion of computed radiography systems M ed Phys 28 30 361 5 Wang X Metter RL Foos DH et al Comprehensive and 3711 7 automated image quality performance measurement of com 300 0 puted radiography systems 000 00 4 0 11100707 00 10 08 0 1000810730 00000000 00000000 000000000 0 0 0 70 0000 0 8 8 O O O FCR 90000 0 0 008 8 0 8 00000000000 REGIUS 150 0 010 08 8 0 88 8 3 O CR 900 0 0100888 08 8 8 O O FCR 3000 AAPM 100 0 0 0 1 4 6 0 0 0 0 0 111107 0070 00 1 1 000000 CRO OO 300 109 1171 2000 Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig Fig OANA UBWN A Table1 Table2 Table3 Table4 Table5 Table6 0 AM HN 0006 6 0 OOOO 0 0 Table 7 Table8 Table9 0 88 Table11 107708 Table12 0 Table13 0 1 0 1 CRO O Talel4 50000000000 120 1010100 0 gt 20 Tabe15 OOOOOO0O00000000000000000MO0000000000000000
25. 2 0 0 707 00 8 8 CRO DO O 100 0000000 00 Mean 0 Mean n Mean ng 1 1 0 O UU Mean 0000000000000 0000 080 1 1000000 1 4 0 1 7070 00000000 00 0 001 8000 0000000000000000 0 20000 00 Rv Rh D 00 0 1680000000 0 UO Rvo 6 080 0 D 00 Rhn Rho 1 Table 11 Testing procedures for quality control program by using pixel value analysis 0 0 o 0 0 D 80 0 0 0 OO 10 00 OO xnd Q7n QMnQ 0 00 010 20 770 07 00 D 0 0 1 0 1 1 8 O 1 CROOOO 0 2 1 010000 O RON DOU 00080 0 9 0 028 ROID D 0 0 D O 0 D D 00 Q mean BOD Q mean B Q 0 0 00 00000000 0 001 1 20 0000 101000 O Q mean n Q mean BU B O 00 Q mean n Q mean BOO O O SNOOO 00 SOO OOOO000 0000 Q mean n Q mean BO 00 Q mean n Q mean 80 SNQ 00000000 N0000000000 ROQ000 000 Q SD BOO 0 SD Br U 0 D U O 00 Q mean n Q mean B Q SD BOO SNO O O Table 12 Relationship between equipmental factors and characteristics 0 0 0 0 ngagagi uana 0 0 10000 SND uuu 101000 0000 10x0 0 0 80 1 O 9 O exo 2000000000000 A 9 A O 2060 O 8
26. 0 Table 6 Testing protocols for performance evaluation program 0000 FCR REGIUS 150 100 0000 00 0 0 0 D matrix size 1760 17600 gray level 10bits D matrix size 2048x2464 gray level 12bits pixel size 2000 pixel size 1750 00 0 00 0 0 O X0 O AL 800 O00 3 O O XO O AU 800 O00 3mmA O XO O BO 80 O O 0 3 O XO O BO 800 O 0 0 3 O O 0 5mmCu 1 0mmAl 0 5mmCu 1 0mmAl Y SIDO 250cm SIDO 250cm 9 0 1 0 010100 4 0 0 0 0 0 000 0000000000 0 0 70 0 0 0 0 200 00 0000000000 ego 0 9 00000 0000000000000 OOO000000000000000000 1101011000 00 00 1308 0 O O mast _ 7 5 0 O O mas 0 0 0 AQ 77 1 92 1000 0 OOO 0 05080 5 80 00000 OOO 0 05000 50080 0000000000 00000000 1 00000000 5 111 8 RO 1000080 000000 O AD O 0 5mRQ 100010480 000000 09 000 0 0 09 00 1 1 1 0 6 0 1 6 710 OO00000
27. 00000 y 9 CRD DO DD OD ODO 0000 00000000000 000000000 8 770 TT TT et 0 001300 OEE NA APA PA JAN 9 1 1 1 AAPM AAPM American Association of Physicists in Performance evaluation 2 CR Medi cing of computed radiography systems CR Corporation Agfa Fujifilm Medical System Fuji T Lumisys AAPM 60 Eastman Kodak Company Kodak T Lumisys Inc Eastman Kodak Company T AAPM 10
28. 000000001000 120 0 0 _ 180 8 808 888 lt 08 0 0 08 8 8 1 1 00000000000 Tablel6 111010 0 0 590 0 10
29. 04801008 gt 000800730 O O A 800 70 O A 000000000000 O A doo 0 A 0 O O 3000000080 9 A A 000 0 0 0 20030 10 105 11 01 1 00 00 0 Table 13 Institutions and CR equipments involved in this study
30. 6 7 69 0 26 1 00 000 0110 1 20 0171 0 20 71 00 1 7 0 1 15 10 0 14 1 on 00 0 0 33 0 00 O naa 0 10 10 000 0 280 0 7 0 07 0 OO 6 97 6 180 O 0 139 10 1 2 1 Table 16 Control limits determined from the results of qual ity control testing performed at several institutions B t B t 2 1 0 0 000 100 1 1 000 100 0 0 0000000 000 70 000 1 4 0 000 209 000 2201 15 3 1 CR CR 3 CR 1 T T DR DR 30001 I 50 50 7 1 T CR 0 8 90 0 590 010
31. E EF um FP PH 5 2 8 100 75 50 25 0 d LV Q9 BM q d Q6 9 Qo LD LR 2 Q9 EY SF EF FEE PEE EEE PE SE SC KE Fig 9 Quality control charts of a CR syster equipment Fuji FCR 3000 institution Kagoshima University Hospital 20030 10 114 11 01 1 1 0 0 00 Table 15 Number and percentage of data exceeding control limits at each institution
32. ID TI ST V 0 TI DR 90 di 07 DR study group 12 1 60 stri ps cmiT 10 T 12 150cm 4 29 3 1 2 YI 3 2 Table14 5 12 2 DR Fig 5 DR CR CR m um DR X T D T DR LO Fig 58 I 3CV 3 1 0590 010 2 1 1 100181100 j 109 a d e Fig 5 Geometry for exposing a DR Phantom in quality control program Table 14 Averages and coefficients of variation for each characteristic obtained from 12 independent measurements in a day at five institutions
33. PPP SPP LF EE Ss 2 9 e SERS ARE EEE 02 015 0 1 0 05 ETA A RRE HEF RE MZ 0 08 0 06 0 04 0 02 a TANG EAEE A AN EEK KAI ES Li Sys EL Hospital 0 01 5 Fig 7 Quality control charts of a CR syste equipment Konica REGIUS Model 150 institution Okazaki City 3 3 3 3 1 2003 10 112 101 10 0 0 00 S gt K ES S amp 8 S e SERS BERE GREED 82 7 5 27 SEF RE BE amp B e e Fig 8 Quality control charts of a CR syste equipment Ko
34. Table 11 T X PMT 2003 10 u Bu 1 2w 1 2w 1 2w 1 2w 000 1 w 1 2w 1 2w 1 2w 590 010 1101 1 1 0 0 0 00 Table 8 Testing protocols for Konica REGIUS systems oo OOOO 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 07 30 D matrix size 1440x1728 gray level 12bits pixel size 1750 0 00 0 70 UmALTI sec 0 5007 0 O O O 5 0 0 2000 0 maso D D 0 mAsD SID 1500 0000000000000 100 3 120 10 0000000 40 or 6Q strips cm 9 00 1 1 1 00 CR model 0 O 1 0 0 SemSemO 0 0 gt 9
35. dak CR 900 institution Obase Hospital T x EN CR 12 Table 14 7 0 590 010 y 1B 6 1 00000000000 00000 AF EREE FA AU x e o 2 E gt e 8 S s 5 E ua ue M oam o s N SUO ES e e 2 e e g e ra S e i ee EIA RRE PAD AI IE E 9 u HS FE E
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